Cyclotrons2019 - List of Keywords (cyclotron)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOA03	Status Report on GANIL and Upgrade of SPIRAL1	target, experiment, ion-source, ECR	9
	O. Kamalou, P. Delahaye, M. Dubois, A. Savalle GANIL, Caen, France
	The GANIL facility (Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds) at Caen is dedicated for acceleration of heavy ion beams for nuclear physics, atomic physics, and radiobiology and material irradiation. Nowadays, an intense exotic beam is produced by the Isotope Separation On-Line method at the SPIRAL1 facility since 2001. New demands from the physics community motivated the upgrade of this facility in order to extend the range of post-accelerated radioactive ions. A 2 MEuro project allowed the profound modification of the facility and the commissioning was achieved in 2017. The status of this facility and the last results will be presented. The review of the cyclotron operation from 2001 to 2019 will be presented as well.
	Slides MOA03 [8.175 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOA03
About •	paper received ※ 10 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOB01	Recent Progress in RIKEN RI Beam Factory	cavity, ECR, acceleration, ion-source	12
	O. Kamigaito, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, T. Nagatomo, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, T. Nishi, J. Ohnishi, H. Okuno, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, A. Uchiyama, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan Y.M. Miyake RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
	Recent efforts at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) are aimed at increasing the beam intensity for very heavy ions such as xenon and uranium. This paper presents upgrade programs carried out over the past few years, including modifications of the RF cavities of the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron and improvements of the charge stripper. The current performance of the RIBF accelerators and future plans to further increase the beam intensity are also presented.
	Slides MOB01 [13.848 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOB01
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOB02	Progress With a New Radioisotope Production Facility and Construction of Radioactive Beam Facility at iThemba LABS	target, controls, ion-source, isotope-production	17
	J.L. Conradie, J.K. Abraham, H. Anderson, L.S. Anthony, F. Azaiez, S. Baard, R.A. Bark, A.H. Barnard, P. Beukes, J.I. Broodryk, B. Cornelius, J.C. Cornell, J.G. De Villiers, H. Du Plessis, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, C. Lussi, J. Mira, H.W. Mostert, C. Naidoo, F. Nemulodi, M. Sakieldien, V.F. Spannenberg, G.F. Steyn, N. Stodart, I.L. Strydom, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
	With the termination of the neutron and proton therapy programs at iThemba LABS, the use of the Separated Sector Cyclotron (SSC) has now shifted to nuclear physics research with both stable and radioactive ion beams, as well as biomedical research. A dedicated isotope production facility with a commercial 70 MeV H-minus cyclotron has been approved and both the cyclotron and isotope production target stations will be housed in the vaults that were previously used for the therapy programs. The status of this new facility will be reported. In the future the SSC will mostly be used for nuclear physics research, as well as the production of isotopes that cannot be produced with the 70 MeV H-minus cyclotron. At present the production of the alpha-emitting radionuclide Astatine (211At) with a 28 MeV alpha beam is being investigated. Progress with the construction of a facility for production of radioactive beams will be discussed. There will also be reports on development work on the ECR ion sources and progress with implementation of an EPICS control system.
	Slides MOB02 [10.580 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOB02
About •	paper received ※ 13 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP001	Design and Commissioning of RF System for SC200 Cyclotron	cavity, controls, MMI, LLRF	21
	G. Chen, C. Chao, Y. Chen, K.Z. Ding, G. Liu, X.Y. Long, Z. Peng, Y. Song, C. Yu, X. Zhang, Y. Zhao ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China L. Calabretta, A.C. Caruso INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy O. Karamyshev JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia G.A. Karamysheva, G. Shirkov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The SC200 proton therapy superconducting cyclotron is currently under construction by ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia). The radio frequency (RF) system which provides an accelerating electric field for the particles, has been designed and tested in a high-power commissioning. The RF system consists of RF cavity, Low-level RF control system, RF source, transmission network and so on. The main performances of RF cavity meet design and use requirements in the cold test. The RF cavity achieved with an unload Q factor of 5200 at the resonant frequency of 91.5 MHz, 60 kV (Center)~120 kV (Extraction) accelerating voltage and coupling state of S11 <-30 dB. The low-level RF (LLRF) system has been tested with an amplitude stability of <0.2% and a phase stability of <0.1 degree in the high-power commissioning. What is more, the cavity operated in a ~50 kW continuous wave state after 4 weeks RF conditioning. Some risks have exposed at higher power test, but related solutions and improvements have been developed. In future work, the target of RF system is effective operation under the overall assembly of cyclotron after further optimization and RF conditioning.
	Poster MOP001 [0.720 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP001
About •	paper received ※ 09 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP002	Recent Progress on Ion Source of SC200 Cyclotron	ion-source, proton, extraction, experiment	24
	Y. Zhao, G. Chen ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China L. Calabretta INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy O. Karamyshev JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia G.A. Karamysheva, G. Shirkov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia S.W. Xu USTC, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 11775258 & 11575237 and International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Anhui (grant No. 1704e1002207). A 200MeV compact superconducting cyclotron, named SC200, for proton therapy is under development by collaboration of ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia). The ion source is a significant subsystem of the cyclotron. A hot cathode internal ion source has been designed and tested for SC200 cyclotron. The ion source has been successfully arc discharged on the test bench. The extracted beam current has been measured over 100 uA and filament lifetime of ion source exceeded 100 h, which indicated that the ion source meets the design requirements. The stability of the filament under strong magnetic field has also been tested and the differences between the two kinds of filament are compared.
	Poster MOP002 [0.519 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP002
About •	paper received ※ 09 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP003	Optimal Design and Fluid-Solid Coupling Thermal Analysis of SC200 Superconducting Proton Cyclotron Electrostatic Deflector	septum, proton, simulation, extraction	27
	Y. Xu, Y. Chen, K.Z. Ding, X.Y. Huang, J. Li, K. Pei, Y. Song ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China K. Gu HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 11775258 & 11575237 and International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Anhui (grant No. 1704e1002207). In recent years, the study of proton therapy equipment has received increasing attention in China. Hefei CAS Ion Medical and Technical Devices Co., Ltd. (HFCIM) is developing a proton medical device based on the super-conducting proton cyclotron. The electrostatic deflector (ESD) is the key extraction component of the SC200 superconducting cyclotron, which uses a high-intensity electric field to bend the beam from the track. The fierce interaction between the proton beam and the deflector septum, causes a great loss of beam and unwanted excess heat accumulation and radiation. In order to minimize the risk of damage caused by the proton beam loss, the fluid solid-thermal coupling analysis of the deflector was per-formed by applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) on ANSYS. The maximum temperatures of the septum in various cases of the cooling water speed, the septum thickness and material have been investigated respective-ly. The result based on analysis provide a valuable refer-ence for the further optimization on the material selection and structural design for ESD.
	Poster MOP003 [0.735 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP003
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP004	Beam Dynamics Simulation of the Extraction for a Superconducting Cyclotron SC240	extraction, proton, simulation, emittance	31
	Z. Wu, K.Z. Ding, J. Li, Y. Song ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China Z. Wang HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China
	In order to diversify the company’s cyclotron, a design study has been carried out on a 240 MeV superconducting cyclotron SC240 for proton therapy, which is based on our experience in design of SC200. In order to increase turn separation and extraction efficiency, resonant precessional extraction method is employed in the extraction system. A first harmonic field consistent with the Gaussian distribution is added to introduce beam precessional motion. Its effects on phase space evolution and turn separation increase is studied by a high efficiency beam dynamics simulation code. According to the study, its amplitude and phase have been optimized to meet the requirements of extraction beam dynamics. Based on beam dynamics simulation, the parameters of extraction system elements (two electrostatic deflectors and six magnetic channels) are chosen. Besides, the effects of sectors spiral direction on beam extraction are studied. Extraction efficiencies and beam parameters have been calculated.
	Poster MOP004 [1.696 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP004
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP006	The Design and Simulation on the Extraction System for CYCIAE-50	proton, extraction, simulation, radiation	35
	S. An, F.P. Guan, P. Huang, L.Y. Ji, M. Li, Y.L. Lv, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing, T.J. Zhang, X. Zheng CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	A 50 MeV H⁻ compact cyclotron (CYCIAE-50) as a proton irradiation facility is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy. The proton beam with the energy of 30 MeV to 50 MeV and the current of 10 uA will be extracted by a single stripping extraction system. In order to reduce the beam loss, the combination magnet is fixed inside the magnetism yoke. The positions of stripping points for the different extraction energy are calculated and the extracted beam trajectories after stripping foil are simulated in detail in this paper. The extracted beam distribution after stripping foil and the extracted beam characters will be studied in this paper. The beam parameters after extraction will be given by the extracting orbit simulation. The design on the whole stripping extraction system has been finished and will be presented in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP006
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP007	The Design and Calculation on the Injection and Central Region for CYCIAE-50	injection, ion-source, MMI, solenoid	39
	L.Y. Ji, S. An, F.P. Guan, P. Huang, X.L. Jia, Y.L. Lv, C. Wang, S.L. Wang, T.J. Zhang, X. Zheng CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	A 50 MeV cyclotron (CYCIAE-50) is been building at China Institute of Atomic Energy. CYCIAE-50 is a compact H⁻ cyclotron with the proton beam energy of 30 MeV to 50 MeV and the beam current of 10 uA. A multi-cusp H⁻ ion source with the beam current of 3 mA will be used for this machine. The design on the injection and central region of CYCIAE-50 has been finished. The way of matching the beam from ion source to central region and the design of central region will be present in this paper. In addition, some significant problems in central region will be discussed, including radial alignment, axial focusing, longitudinal focusing and energy gain, etc.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP007
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP008	Mechanical Design of Beam Lines for a 230 MeV SC Cyclotron at CIAE	dipole, proton, quadrupole, vacuum	42
	M. Yin, S. An, F.P. Guan, Y.L. Lv, G.F. Pan, F. Wang, F. Wang, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, T.J. Zhang, F.Zhu. Zhu CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 11475269 and 11375274. To develop the proton beam transfer system which used in the field of proton therapy, the mechanical design of proton beam lines based on the CYCIAE-230 has been finished at the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The proton beam transfer system includes the beam lines, beam dump, gantry, nozzle, couch, image guidance system, etc. Two beam lines are designed at CIAE this moment. One is for the nozzle system, the other is for the beam dump. The beam lines include four systems: the energy selection system, the beam transportation systems, gantry system, beam dump. The beam lines are very compact in order to match the beam optics and the space limitation. The gantry can be rotated ±180°. There are several key components in beam lines, such as magnets, degrader, beam diagnostics component, vacuum component, etc. The designed mechanical tolerance of the magnets is limited less than 0.1 mm. There are at least four targets on each magnets for collimation and all the components can be adjusted in three dimensions. The magnets are being manufactured now. The mechanical design of proton beam lines based on the CYCIAE-230 will be presented in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP008
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP010	A 50 MeV Proton Beam Line Design	proton, target, quadrupole, radiation	45
	S.M. Wei, S. An, L.L. Guan, Y.L. Lv CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The cyclotron Center at the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) is now developing a medium-energy proton irradiation device that provides a proton beam with an energy range of 30 MeV to 50 MeV to simulate a space proton radiation environment, which has a significant impact on spacecraft. A beam transport line is designed for irradiation effect study based on the 50 MeV compact cyclotron, which requires continuous adjustment of the beam energy and the beam spot on the target requires high uniformity. The proton beam extracted from the cyclotron is adjusted to the energy required by using the degrader, then the proton beam is bended and focused. In order to obtain uniform large-diameter beam spot on the target, a wobbling magnet is installed on the beam line to uniformly sweep the proton beam on the target and finally obtain the proton beam with energy of 30 MeV - 50 MeV, current of 10 uA and beam spot of 20 cm * 20 cm on the target.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP010
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP011	Magnetic Field Measurement and Shimming for a Medical Compact Cyclotron	MMI, controls, proton, monitoring	48
	L.L. Guan, S. An, T. Cui, P. Huang, X.L. Jia, M. Li, F. Wang, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	A compact cyclotron is developed by Cyclotron Accelerator Research Center at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) to extract 14 MeV proton beam for medical radioisotopes production, so as to meet the market demands of early diagnosis of malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Owing to the small size and limited space of small medical cyclotrons, critical requirements are imposed on magnetic field measurement. For this reason, a magnetic field measurement system, with high-precision and high-stability, suitable for small cyclotrons is adopted and then an efficient magnetic field shimming method is used, which greatly reduces the construction period. It provides a strong guarantee for the stable operation of medical small cyclotrons.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP011
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP013	Mechanical Modifications of the Median Plane for the Superconducting Cyclotron Upgrade	extraction, superconducting-magnet, simulation, vacuum	51
	G. Gallo, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, A.C. Caruso, G. Costa, E. Messina, M.S. Musumeci, D. Rifuggiato, E. Zappalà INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	The Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) is a three sectors, compact accelerator with a wide operating diagram, capable of accelerating heavy ions with q/A from 0.1 to 0.5 up to energies from 2 to 100 MeV/u. Recently a significant upgrade has been proposed to increase the light ion beam intensity by means of extraction by stripping. For the implementation of the new extraction mode, many relevant modifications are needed in the median plane. The biggest upgrade action is the replacement of the present superconducting magnet with a new one, compatible with the beam trajectory and envelope in the extraction by stripping. The extraction by stripping mode implies the installation of two stripper systems, one in a hill and the other in a valley, that allow to extract all the ions requested by the users. Finally, since the present electrostatic extraction mode will be maintained, several relevant mechanical issues have to be faced when switching from one extraction mode to the other one, the location of one electrostatic deflector being the same as the stripper system. The focus of this paper will be the presentation of the different mechanical features involved in the upgrade.
	Poster MOP013 [1.583 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP013
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP014	3D Magnetic Optimization of the New Extraction Channel for the LNS Superconducting Cyclotron	simulation, extraction, focusing, acceleration	54
	L. Neri, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, G. Costa, G. D’Agostino, G. Gallo, D. Rifuggiato, A.D. Russo, G. Torrisi INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	The upgrade of the Superconducting Cyclotron operating at INFN-LNS is the main objective of the general upgrade of the LNS facility, consisting in the enhancement of light ion beam intensity. To overcome the present maximum power of 100 W of the beam extracted by electrostatic deflector and achieve a beam power as high as 10 kW, the implementation of the extraction by stripping method has been proposed. Intense ion beams with mass in the range 10 to 40 amu (12C, 18O, 20Ne, 40Ar) in the energy range of interest (15-70 MeV/u) will be delivered to the NUMEN experiment, as well as used for production of in-flight radioactive beams. The present work consists in the optimization of the magnetic channels needed to limit the radial and axial beam envelopes. The design of the magnetic channels has been accomplished by fully three-dimensional magneto-static simulations using Comsol Multiphysics and a custom transport code developed in Matlab along the last year at INFN-LNS. The effect of a magnetic shielding structure in the extraction channel is presented, together with the possibility of producing a magnetic gradient from an asymmetric coil.
	Poster MOP014 [2.968 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP014
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP016	Vertical Focussing with a Field Gradient Spiral Inflector	experiment, quadrupole, emittance, optics	58
	A.H. Barnard, J.I. Broodryk, J.L. Conradie, J.G. De Villiers, J. Mira, F. Nemulodi, R.W. Thomae iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
	Traditional spiral inflectors suffer from vertical defocussing, leading to beam loss. In this study the electrode shape of an inflector is modified to intentionally produce transverse electric field gradients, which have a significant influence on the optics. This is done by placing the traditionally parallel electrodes at an angle relative to each other in the transverse plane, creating a quadrupole field on the central path. Varying the electrode angle along the path length creates an alternating-gradient effect. The electrode entrance and exit faces are also shaped to create quadrupoles inside the fringe field. By numerical optimisation a design with good vertical focussing is obtained. Experiments show a roughly 100% increase in transmission in cases where the buncher is turned off. However, high losses at extraction are observed with the buncher turned on, due to RF-phase spread introduced by longitudinal defocussing in the inflector. This results in an improvement of only 20% during normal cyclotron operation, and shows that an inflector should ideally focus vertically and longitudinally at the same time. Ongoing work to achieve such combined focussing is described.
	Poster MOP016 [1.410 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP016
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP017	Research on Metallic Ion Beam Production With Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources	experiment, ECR, ion-source, plasma	62
	S.L. Bogomolov, A.A. Efremov, K.I. Kuzmenkov, D.K. Pugachev, Yu. Yazvitsky JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia J.L. Conradie, D.T. Fourie, N.Y. Kheswa, J. Mira, F. Nemulodi, R.W. Thomae iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
	Many experiments in nuclear physics request the production of metallic ion beams. All elements from lithium up to uranium are of interest and most of them are required as a specific isotope which demands commonly enriched materials. Depending on the material properties beams of rare isotopes can be produced from solid materials or solid compounds. In this report the results of experiments carried out under a collaboration of JINR and iThemba LABS on the production of metallic ions from Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) using resistive oven evaporation, Metal Ions from VOlatile Compounds (MIVOC) method and sputtering technique will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP017
About •	paper received ※ 11 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP018	Simulation of the Axial Injection Beam Line of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR	injection, ECR, simulation, radiation	66
	N.Yu. Kazarinov, J. Franko, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.136 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pµAmps for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pµAmps for heavier ions (A>132). The injection into cyclotron will be realized from the external room temperature 18 GHz ECR ion source. The simulation of the axial injection system of the cyclotron is presented in this report.
	Poster MOP018 [1.331 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP018
About •	paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP019	The Results of Magnetic Field Formation and Commissioning of Heavy-Ion Isochronous Cyclotron DC280	operation, experiment, ECR, MMI	70
	I.A. Ivanenko, G.G. Gulbekyan, G.N. Ivanov, I.V. Kalagin, V.A. Semin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The DC280 cyclotron is the new accelerator of FLNR Super Heavy Elements Factory. It was commissioned in the beginning of 2019. DC280 is intended for production of high intensity, up to 10 pmkA, beams of heavy ions with mass to charge ratio A/Z= 4 - 7. The wide range of accelerated ions from helium to uranium and smooth variation of extracted beam energy in the range W= 4 - 8 MeV/n are provided by varying of level of main magnetic field from 0.64 T till 1.32 T. The DC280 magnetic field was formed in a good conformity with results of computer modeling. In spite of commissioning of cyclotron still is in progress, the first experiments gave the intensity 1.35 pmkA of 84Kr¹⁴⁺ and 10 pmkA of 12C²⁺. At the present work the results of calculations, magnetic field measurements and first experiments are presented.
	Poster MOP019 [1.368 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP019
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP020	Simulation of the Beam Extraction System of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR	extraction, simulation, radiation, betatron	73
	N.Yu. Kazarinov, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.136 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pµAmps for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pµAmps for heavier ions (A>132). The beam extraction system consists of electrostatic deflector and two magnetic channels. The simulation of the extraction system of the cyclotron is presented in this report. The extracted beams characteristics outside the cyclotron, that will serve as initial conditions for the design of experimental beam lines of FLNR JINR IF are determined.
	Poster MOP020 [9.336 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP020
About •	paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP021	Simulation of Beam Extraction from TR24 Cyclotron at IPHC	extraction, emittance, betatron, experiment	76
	N.Yu. Kazarinov, I.A. Ivanenko JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia T. Adam, F.R. Osswald, E.K. Traykov IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
	The CYRCé (CYclotron pour la ReCherche et Enseignement) TR24 cyclotron is used at IPHC (Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien) for the production of radio-isotopes for diagnostics, medical treatments and fundamental research in radiobiology. The TR24 cyclotron produced and commercialized by ACSI delivers a 16-25 MeV proton beam with intensity from few nA up to 500 µA. The TR24 is a compact isochronous cyclotron with normal-conducting magnet and stripper foil for the beam extraction. The calculation model for OPERA 3D program code is described. The magnetic field map in the working region of the cyclotron is generated. The beam characteristics outside the cyclotron, that will serve as initial conditions for the design of future beam lines are determined.
	Poster MOP021 [15.509 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP021
About •	paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP022	Project of a Novel Multi-Orbital Beam Bunching and Extraction from the U-120M Cyclotron	target, neutron, extraction, bunching	80
	M. Čihák, R. Běhal, P. Krist, T. Matlocha, J. Stursa, V. Zach NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic
	We introduce the bunching system for a time structure control of the U-120M cyclotron beam. The system is based on a unique pulsed vertical deflection of the selected final orbits of the internal accelerated beam of the H⁻ ions to an extractor-stripper (a thin carbon foil positioned below the cyclotron median plane). A set of home-made programs have been developed for simulations and parameters determination of the system. Results of some simulations (i.e. dimensions of the deflection system, parameters of the pulsed high voltage power supply, position of the stripper, beam trajectories, beam parameters, beam losses, Be target position etc.) are presented. The system will be used for fast neutron generation and consequently for spectrometric measurement of neutron energy by the time of flight (ToF) method. The system will provide beam bunch interval up to 1000 ns range of a defined beam time structure (up to beam bunch period to beam bunch width ratio min 100).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP022
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP023	Synchronization and High Speed High Voltage Switcher for Pulse Bunching System of the Cyclotron U-120M	neutron, proton, PLC, bunching	83
	P. Krist, D. Poklop, J. Stursa NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic V. Cervenka HiLASE Centre, Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Dolní BřeÂany, Czech Republic J. Vozáb Radan s.r.o., Barchov, Czech Republic
	Pulse bunching system for neutron time of flight (ToF) measurements on the cyclotron U-120M exploits a unique pulsed vertical deflection of the selected final orbits of the internal accelerated beam of the H⁻ ions to an extractor-stripper. This system is described in details on an individual poster of this conference. A key device is the pulse HV power supply (HV switcher) which is supplying the deflector and elevates H⁻ ions in defined time structure to an extractor-stripper. The developed HV switcher is based on the SiC MOSFET transistors. It can provide HV pulses with the following pulse parameters: amplitude up to 13 kV, front edge less than 20 ns, flat top 20 ns, back edge less than 20 ns and repetition frequency up to several hundred of kHz. We have also developed the pulse synchronization with the cyclotron RF (25 MHz), which enables to set up front edge of bunching pulses within 2pi with accuracy 80 ps. Human-machine interface is based on SCADA software Reliance and PLC Tecomat Foxtrot. The time waveforms of the real pulses are part of the presentation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP023
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP024	Development of a Replacement for the Long Radial Probe in the Ring Cyclotron	vacuum, plasma, simulation, cavity	86
	R. Dölling, G.G. Gamma, V. Ovinnikov, M. Rohrer, P. Rüttimann, R. Senn PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The long radial probe in PSI’s Ring cyclotron delivers a radial pattern of all but the first few turns. In recent years, the measurement has been plagued by artefacts and mechanical problems. We report here on the development of a replacement, which should also provide a more flexible basis for extended measurement capabilities.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP024
About •	paper received ※ 20 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP025	Fast Recharging of Electrostatic Injection and Extraction Septa After Breakdown	ISOL, plasma, septum, vacuum	90
	R. Dölling PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland J. Brutscher Private Address, Dresden, Germany
	We propose to recharge an electrostatic injection or extraction septum in a high-power cyclotron fast enough to omit the need for switching off the beam at a high voltage breakdown.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP025
About •	paper received ※ 20 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP028	Design of 5.8 MHz RF Electrode for AMS Cyclotron	cavity, impedance, acceleration, tandem-accelerator	94
	D.H. Ha, J.-S. Chai, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, H. Namgoong SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is a powerful method for separating isotopes, and electrostatic tandem accelerators are widely used for AMS. Sungkyunkwan University is developing AMS that can be used in a smaller space based on cyclotron. Unlike conventional cyclotrons used in PET or proton therapy, cyclotron-based AMS provides high turn number and high resolution. In this study, we proposed a cavity with a frequency of 5.8 MHz and an accelerating voltage of 300 V to accelerate the particles in the cyclotron. The proposed cavity was designed as an electrode and verified by CST Microwave studio.
	Poster MOP028 [1.078 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP028
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP030	RF measurement of SKKUCY-10 RF Cavity for Impedance Matching	cavity, coupling, impedance, beam-loading	100
	J.C. Lee, J.-S. Chai, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, H. Namgoong SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: Radiation Technology R&D program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning through the National Research Foundation of Korea The 10 MeV cyclotron was designed for next version in Sungkyunkwan University, after the SKKUCY-9 had developed for medical application for PET. The RF cavity, which generates the electric field in cyclotron, was designed based on a half-wavelength resonator and optimized to improve the unloaded quality factor (Q₀). The design specifications of RF cavity were resonance frequency 83.2 MHz, Q₀ 5830 and Dee voltage 40 kV with geometrical values resonator length 560 mm, Dee angle 35° and Stem radius 16 mm. The RF cavity of the SKKUCY-10 was fabricated and installed inside the electromagnet, and RF characteristics were measured with a network analyzer. The RF coupling coefficient and characteristic impedance for desired condition were selected at 1.08 and 52 ’, respectively. The RF coupling coefficient and characteristic impedance were measured 0.8-1.2, 52-49 ’ according to temperature as 15-21°C. The power coupler was checked for optimization of RF coupling coefficient and characteristic impedance, and the results show good agreement with simulated and measured data.
	Poster MOP030 [1.665 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP030
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2020 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP031	Design of High Sensitive Magnet and Beam Dynamics for AMS Cyclotron	ion-source, extraction, radio-frequency, simulation	103
	H. Namgoong, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	To produce a carbon-14 for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS), AMS Cyclotron magnet was designed. For the AMS system, Cyclotron magnet has been required high mass resolution. In order to realize high mass resolution, the phase error is designed within ±10 and the mass resolution was 5000. We used CST particle studio and Cyclone for beam dynamics simulation of this cyclotron magnet. This paper describes the AMS cyclotron magnet and beam dynamics design.
	Poster MOP031 [2.281 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP031
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP032	Control System in 10 MeV Cyclotron Based on IoT	controls, cavity, monitoring, network	106
	M. Mohamadian, H. Afarideh, S. Babaee, H. Pashaei, N. Salmani AUT, Tehran, Iran M. Ghergherehchi SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the new most advanced technologies in the world. One of the application of this technology is using it in places where remote control is preferred or it needs to control various processes at different times throughout the day. The cyclotron accelerator is one such system in which the start-up process until radio medicine production requires continuous monitoring and inspection. In this research, we have tried to use the internet of things technology in the process of cyclotron control system specially in fine tuning section.
	Poster MOP032 [0.936 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP032
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP034	Beam Stripping Interactions Implemented in Cyclotrons with OPAL Simulation Code	electron, vacuum, simulation, experiment	109
	P. Calvo, C. Oliver CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain A. Adelmann, M. Frey, A. Gsell, J. Snuverink PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	Beam transmission optimization and losses characterization, where beam stripping interactions are a key issue, play an important role in the design and operation of compact cyclotrons. A beam stripping model has been implemented in the three-dimensional object-oriented parallel code OPAL-cycl, a flavor of the OPAL framework. The model includes Monte Carlo methods for interaction with residual gas and dissociation by electromagnetic stripping. The model has been verified with theoretical models and it has been applied to the AMIT cyclotron according to design conditions.
	Poster MOP034 [0.880 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP034
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP035	Extraction Beam Orbit of a 250 MeV Superconducting Cyclotron	extraction, MMI, resonance, proton	113
	H.J. Zhang, K. Fan, Y. Yan Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People’s Republic of China Y.-N. Rao TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada L.G. Zhang HUST, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: The work is supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (11775087). A superconducting cyclotron based on proton therapy facility is being developed at Huazhong university of science and technology (HUST). Due to the compact size of the main magnet, the beam orbits at the extraction region are distributed densely, which creates difficulties for beam extraction leading to severe beam loss. In order to deal with these challenges, the orbit precession method has been employed in the extraction system design. In this paper, we introduce a method of employing a first harmonic field near the nu_r=1 resonance where the beam energy is about 248 MeV to adjust the amplitude of beam orbit oscillation. The optimum amplitude and phase of the first harmonic field are designed to obtain a large turn separation in the extraction region. Three different ways of generating the first harmonic field are compared for optimization.
	Poster MOP035 [0.777 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP035
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP036	The Magnetic Field Design of Cyclotron at IMP	focusing, MMI, cryogenics, extraction	116
	Q.G. Yao, B. Wang, B.M. Wu, W. Wu, L. Yang IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
	A cyclotron magnet is studied at Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMP, CAS), and the whole system include one main magnet and other magnetic gradient correctors, which is used to accelerate the Kr²⁶⁺ beam. The structure of superconducting coils and room-temperature iron core are adopted for the main magnet. This paper describes the magnetic field design of the cyclotron, and several shimming methods are used to meet the isochronous magnetic field of Kr²⁶⁺ beam, including pole face shimming method and side shimming method. The final optimization results show that the error between simulation and theory value is small. In addition, the magnet structure is also described.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP036
About •	paper received ※ 17 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOC02	A Pathway to Accelerate Ion Beams up to 3 GeV with a K140 Cyclotron	ECR, ECRIS, ion-source, plasma	119
	D.Z. Xie, L. Phair, D.S. Todd LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231 The capabilities of the K140 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) have been extensively enhanced through generations of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs). The cyclotron has evolved from a light-ion accelerator into a proton to uranium accelerator and has accelerated ultra-high charge state heavy ions, such as xenon and uranium. Recently, with 124Xe⁴⁹⁺ ions injected from VENUS (a 3rd generation ECR ion source) the 88-Inch Cyclotron reached a new record of ~ 2.6 GeV.* This is an energy increase of about fifteen-fold over what this K140 cyclotron could achieve when it started operation almost six decades ago. A 4th generation ECR ion source, MARS-D, is under development and will further raise the output energy of the cyclotron. With the higher ion charge states produced that are anticipated with a new ECR ion source, the 88-Inch Cyclotron ought to be able to accelerate ion beams of energies of 3 GeV and higher for the radiation effects testing community. This paper will present and discuss the development of the MARS-D ECR ion source and the 88-Inch Cyclotron’s recent and possible future achievements. *: D. Z. Xie, W. Lu, J. Y. Benitez, M. J. Regis, Recent Production of Ultra-High Charge State Ion Beams with VENUS, Proc. of the 23rd Int’l Workshop on ECR Ion Sources, Catania, Italy, Sept, 2018.
	Slides MOC02 [11.895 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOC02
About •	paper received ※ 16 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOC03	Upgrade of the PSI Injector 2 Cyclotron	cavity, LLRF, operation, pick-up	123
	M. Schneider, J. Grillenberger PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The high intensity proton accelerator facility at PSI is capable of providing beam currents of up to 2.4 mA at a kinetic energy of 590 MeV. PSI is following an upgrade plan to further increase the beam power and to further minimize proton losses. Up to now, this has mainly been achieved by the installation of high gradient copper resonators in the Ring cyclotron and the installation of more powerful RF-amplifiers. Currently, PSI follows a similar approach for the Injector 2 cyclotron providing 72 MeV protons for the injection into the 590 MeV Ring cyclotron. In order to increase the turn separation in the injector cyclotron which results in lower relative beam losses, the two 150 MHz resonators operated in accelerating mode are replaced with two 50 MHz Aluminum resonators providing higher acceleration voltage. This paper describes the status of the upgrade, i.e., the replacement of the first resonator and related hardware.
	Slides MOC03 [10.052 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOC03
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUA02	Novel Irradiation Methods for Theranostic Radioisotope Production With Solid Targets at the Bern Medical Cyclotron	target, detector, radiation, proton	127
	S. Braccini LHEP, Bern, Switzerland C. Belver-Aguilar, T.S. Carzaniga, G. Dellepiane, P. Haeffner, P. Scampoli AEC, Bern, Switzerland P. Scampoli Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
	The production of medical radioisotopes for theranostics is essential for the development of personalized nuclear medicine. Among them, radiometals can be used to label proteins and peptides and their supply in quantity and quality for clinical applications represents a challenge. A research program is ongoing at the Bern medical cyclotron, where a solid target station with a pneumatic delivery system is in operation. To bombard isotope-enriched materials in form of compressed powders, a specific target coin was realized. To assess the activity at EoB, a system based on a CZT detector was developed. For an optimized production yield with the required radio nuclide purity, precise knowledge of the cross-sections and of the beam energy is crucial. Specific methods were developed to assess these quantities. To further enhance the capabilities of solid target stations at medical cyclotrons, a novel irradiation system based on an ultra-compact ~50 cm long beam line and a two-dimensional beam monitoring detector is under development to bombard targets down to few mg and few mm diameter. The first results on the production of Ga-68, Cu-64, Sc-43, Sc-44 and Sc-47 are presented.
	Slides TUA02 [37.771 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA02
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUA03	The Use of PSI’s IP2 Beam Line Towards Exotic Radionuclide Development and its Application Towards Proof-Of-Principle Preclinical and Clinical Studies	target, proton, radiation, positron	132
	N.P. van der Meulen, R. Eichler, P.V. Grundler, R. Hasler, W. Hirzel, S. Joray, D.C. Kiselev, R. Sobbia, A. Sommerhalder, Z. Talip, H. Zhang PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland S. Braccini AEC, Bern, Switzerland
	Paul Scherrer Institute runs a High Intensity Proton Accelerator (HIPA) facility, where a maximum of 100 µA protons is gleaned from high intensity 72 MeV protons from Injector 2, a separated sector cyclotron, into the IP2 target station. These protons irradiate various targets towards the production of exotic radionuclides intended for medical purposes. Many radiometals in use today are for the diagnosis of disease, with the most popular means of detection being Positron Emission Tomography. These positron emitters are easily produced at low proton energies using medical cyclotrons, however, development at these facilities are lacking. The 72 MeV proton beam is degraded at IP2 using niobium to provide the desired energy to irradiate targets to produce the likes of 44Sc, 43Sc, 64Cu and 165Er,,*. Once developed, these proofs-of-principle are then put into practice at partner facilities. Target holders and degraders require development to optimize irradiation conditions and target cooling. Various options are explored, with pros and cons taken into consideration based on calculations and simulations. v/d Meulen et al., Nucl Med. Biol. (2015) 42: 745 Domnanich et al., EJNMMI Radiopharm. Chemistry (2017) 2: 14 * v/d Meulen et al., J Label Compd Radiopharm (2019) doi: 10.1002/jlcr.3730
	Slides TUA03 [7.449 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA03
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUA04	Characterization of Neutron Leakage Field Coming from 18O(p, n)18F Reaction in PET Production Cyclotron	neutron, proton, detector, experiment	136
	M. Schulc, M. Antos, F. Brijar, M. Cuhra, T. Czakoj, M. Košťál, E. Losa, V. Rypar, J. Simon, S. Vadjak Nuclear Research Institute Řež plc, Řež, Czech Republic F. Cvachovec University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic Z. Matej, F. Mravec Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
	This paper shows a new method for characterization of the secondary neutron field quantities, specifically neutron spectrum leaking from 18O enriched H₂O XL cylindrical target in IBA Cyclone 18/9 in the energy range of 1-15 MeV. Spectrum is measured by stilbene scintillation detector in different places. The neutron spectra are evaluated from the measured proton recoil spectra using deconvolution through maximum likelihood estimation. A leakage neutron field is an interesting option for irradiation experiments due to quite high flux, but also to the validation of high energy threshold reactions due to relatively high average energy. Measured neutron spectra are compared with calculations in MCNP6 model using TENDL-2017, FENDL-3, and default MCNP6 model calculations. TENDL-2017 and FENDL-3 libraries results differ significantly in the shape of the neutron spectrum for energies above 10 MeV while MCNP6 gives incorrect angular distributions. Activation measurements of different neutron induced reactions support characterization. The 18F production yield is in a good agreement with TENDL-2017 proton library calculation within respective uncertainties.
	Slides TUA04 [2.286 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA04
About •	paper received ※ 05 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUB02	JINR PROJECTS of CYCLOTRON FOR PROTON THERAPY	cavity, proton, extraction, simulation	140
	O. Karamyshev, K. Bunyatov, S. Gurskiy, G.A. Karamysheva, D.P. Popov, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov, V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia V. Malinin JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
	Physical design of the compact superconducting cyclotron SC230 (91.5MHz) has been performed. The cyclotron can deliver up to 230 MeV beam for proton therapy and medico-biological research. As the cyclotron will have a relatively small magnet field, it is possible to use both superconducting and resistive coil. Besides a superconducting cyclotron we simulate design of the cyclotron with a conventional copper water-cooled coil. Such a solution allows us to achieve a lower price compared to superconducting options, but it becomes a bit heavier.
	Slides TUB02 [8.397 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUB02
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUB04	On-Line Dynamic Beam Intensity Control in a Proton Therapy Cyclotron	controls, proton, power-supply, operation	148
	S. Psoroulas, P. Fernandez Carmona, D. Meer, D.C. Weber PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland D.C. Weber KRO, Bern, Switzerland D.C. Weber University of Zurich, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
	Modern proton therapy facilities use the pencil beam scanning (PBS) technique for the treatment of tumours: the beam is scanned through the tumour volume sequentially, i.e. stopping the beam at each position in the tumour for the amount of time necessary to deliver the prescribed dose for that position, and then moving to the next position (dose-driven delivery). This technique is robust against fluctuations in the beam current. Modern cyclotrons however offer very stable beam currents, and allow regulating the beam intensity online to match the requested beam intensity profile as a function of time (’time-driven’ delivery). To realise time-driven delivery at the COMET cyclotron at PSI, we have designed a beam intensity controller* which is able to partially compensate for the non-linearity and the delay introduced by the physical limitations of the beam line elements and its drivers; this is particularly important when trying to achieve a very fast modulation of the beam, as required by the clinical plans. Experimental results have shown good performance for most current clinical scenarios, though we are investigating more advanced solutions for higher dose rates scenarios. () Klimpki, G., et al. (2018). PMB, 63(14), 145006 (*) Fernandez Carmona, P., et al., (2018) Proceedings of PCaPAC2018, FRCC2
	Slides TUB04 [10.992 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUB04
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP004	Integration of EtherCAT Hardware Into the EPICS Based Distributed Control System at iThemba LABS	controls, EPICS, hardware, software	152
	J.K. Abraham, W. Duckitt iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
	iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences (iThemba LABS) has, over the past 30 years, carried out several upgrades to its control electronics and software. This culminated in the adoption of EPICS as the de-facto distributed control system at the lab. In order to meet the changing technology and user requirements, iThemba LABS adopted EtherCAT as its new industrial communication standard. Building on an open EtherCAT master implementation and prior community development, iThemba LABS has successfully integrated a variety of EtherCAT hardware into its EPICS control system. This paper presents the open source software toolchain that has been developed and is used at iThemba LABS and showcases several hardware installations at the facility and abroad. Community involvement and future plans for this initiative are also presented.
	Poster TUP004 [2.679 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP004
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP006	The Injection and Chopper-Based System at Arronax C70XP Cyclotron	injection, experiment, solenoid, simulation	159
	F. Poirier, F. Bulteau-harel, T. Durand, X. Goiziou, C. Koumeir, A. Sengar, H. Trichet Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France G. Blain, M. Fattahi, F. Haddad, J. Vandenborre SUBATECH, Nantes, France S. Chiavassa, G. Delpon ICO, Saint - Herblain, France F. Poirier CNRS - DR17, RENNES, France
	Funding: This work has been, in part, supported by grants from the French National Agency for Research, Arronax-Plus n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004, IRON n°ANR-11-LABX-18-01 and Next n°ANR-16-IDEX-0007. The multi-particle cyclotron of the Arronax Public Interest Group (GIP) is used to perform irradiation up to hundreds of µA on various experiments and targets. To support low and high average intensity usage and adapt the beam time structure required for high peak intensity operation and experiments such as pulsed experiments studies, it has been devised a pulsing system in the injection of the cyclotron. This system combines the use of a chopper, low frequency switch, and a control system based on the new extended EPICS network. This paper details the pulsing system adopted at Arronax, updates and results for various intensity experimental studies performed with alpha and proton beams. Updated work on the simulation of the injection is also shown, specifically towards high intensity future irradiation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP006
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP007	Operational Experience in the Treatment of Ocular Melanomas with a New Digital Low-level RF Control System	controls, LLRF, operation, resonance	162
	T. Fanselow, J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, U. Hiller HZB, Berlin, Germany J.K. Abraham, J.L. Conradie, W. Duckitt iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
	Ocular melanomas have been treated for the last 20 years at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin in collaboration with the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin. However, parts of the initial control system electronics date back to the 1970s, when the machine was installed. Facing a critical shortage of legacy and obsolete components and with the down-time due to failures in the electronics on the increase, a decision was made to install the digital low-level RF control system, developed by iThemba LABS, on our K=132 cyclotron. A short description of the installation and commissioning process, which occurred in April 2017, and the experiences of the first 2 years of operation with the new digital low-level RF control system is presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP007
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP008	The Cyclotron TR-FLEX at the Center for Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf	target, extraction, operation, proton	166
	M. Kreller, T. Knieß HZDR, Dresden, Germany S. Preusche Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
	The new Center for Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research was established at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. to centralize the main units: a high current proton cyclotron, a radiopharmaceutical production – GMP unit including quality control, laboratories for PET-radiochemistry, chemical and biochemical laboratories and laboratories for small animal imaging. The cyclotron TR-Flex was put into operation in 2017 and it is equipped with two extraction ports. Both are movable to adjust the proton energy in the range from 15 MeV up to 30 MeV. One extraction port is coupled with a combination magnet and two beam lines. A [123I]I-gas target station is installed at the first beam line and a four-port target selector at beamline two and at the second extraction port. Two [18F]F-water targets, a [18F]F2-gas target, a [11C]CH₄-gas target, a [11C]CO₂-gas target, a 30° and a 90° solid state target are mounted on the target selectors. In our contribution we report our experience of the new cyclotron during the first two operation years. Typical beam parameters and the reliability of the TR-FLEX are presented. Furthermore we describe the new home-built Radionuclide Distribution System.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP008
About •	paper received ※ 18 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP009	Cyclotron Cavity Pollution Recovery	cavity, multipactoring, vacuum, electron	169
	J. Dabin, B. Adant, P. Cailliau, K. Ellis, E. Forton, J. Mandrillon, T.S. Ponter, P. Verbruggen IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	In a cyclotron, RF cavities are usually among the most reliable subsystems, provided minimal care and maintenance. Nevertheless, several parameters may affect cavity performance after several years of operation. To name a few typical causes of degradation are: decreasing vacuum quality, various gas loads or gas qualities triggering adverse effects, deposition of highly emissive material on the cavity due to overheating of components like pass-through connectors, accidental use of chemicals or not-suitable greases. The cavity status can be monitored but, in the worst cases, the RF tuning may become difficult and it is important to apply methods in order to recover a better cavity Q-factor. In this paper, cases of cavity pollution will be shown, their potential root causes discussed and some recovery methods described.
	Poster TUP009 [0.398 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP009
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP010	Buncher for the Optimization of the Injection of a 70 MeV Cyclotron	emittance, injection, simulation, ion-source	173
	P. Antonini, A. Lombardi, M. Maggiore, L. Pranovi INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy L. Buriola Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
	The design of an injection buncher for the 70 MeV cyclotron in use at LNL labs of INFN is under way. This buncher is to be installed between the ion source and the injection, to match the injected beam to the acceptance angle of the injection. The planned design is a 3/2 beta-λ double-gap driven with one or two harmonics of the 56 MHz RF frequency. Remotely-driven variable capacitors will be used for easy tuning of the matching box from the control system. The mechanical layout and simulations will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP010
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP011	Upgrade of the Central Region of the Superconducting Cyclotron at INFN-LNS	extraction, injection, simulation, acceleration	177
	G. D’Agostino, L. Calabretta, D. Rifuggiato INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy W.J.G.M. Kleeven IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	The Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) at INFN-LNS is regularly operated with beam power up to 100 W. The present efforts in upgrading the cyclotron are directed towards an increase of beam power up to 10 kW for ions with mass number A < 40 and energies between 15 and 70 AMeV by means of increase of beam intensity. Moreover, a beam energy resolution of 0.1% is requested by the NUMEN project at INFN-LNS. We plan to achieve high beam power by increasing the efficiency of the injection and extraction processes. The current extraction efficiency is lower than 60%. We expect to increase it to a value close to 100% by extracting the specific ion beams by stripping and no longer by electrostatic deflectors. A spiral inflector is used to bent onto the median plane the ion beams produced by the two ECR ion sources. Including the effect of a drift buncher placed in the axial injection line, the current injection efficiency is about 15%. The study of an upgraded CS central region is ongoing at INFN-LNS. First results of simulation study aimed to increase the injection efficiency are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP011
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP014	Deflecting System Upgrade Initial Simulations for 37 MeV Cyclotron at NPI Řež	extraction, septum, simulation, proton	185
	T. Matlocha NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic
	NPI Řež U-120M multi-particle variable energy cyclotron system for positive ions extraction consists of three electrostatic deflectors, one active magnetic channel and an electromagnetic bump exciter. The deflectors transmission ratio for deuterons, alpha particles and Helium 3 ions is rather low, usually about 10%, for protons it is far below 5%. Based on an experience from other cyclotron laboratories, the general concept of the extraction system has been modified and the last two electrostatic deflectors were replaced with two magnetic channels. In the early stage of the upgrade, simulations were performed for protons at 28 MeV and Helium 3 ions at 44 MeV with and without the magnetic bump exciter. The extraction efficiency and beam losses along the extraction path are evaluated. The presented modified extraction system simulations suggest promising results. The total transmission ratio of the deflecting system has increased significantly, allowing work to continue and expect a positive final result.
	Poster TUP014 [1.241 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP014
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP016	New Centering Beam Monitor for High Power Proton Beam Rotating Target	target, experiment, proton, operation	189
	P.-A. Duperrex, P. Baumann, S. Joray, D.C. Kiselev, D. Laube, D. Reggiani PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The high intensity proton accelerator (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) delivers 590 MeV c.w. proton beam with currents of up to 2.4 mA, i.e. 1.4 MW beam power, For experiments of nuclear and material research the beam is directed to the 4 or 6 cm graphite 1 Hz rotating target (Target E). Centring the beam on the target is an important task for the operation and has safety issues in case of beam misalignment. Transmission monitoring has been the standard method to optimize the beam position on the target, though not very sensitive. A new method is currently being tested that provides a more sensitive off-axis detection. It is based on the detection of beam inten-sity modulation from the milled grooves at the target edge. This paper presents the concept and preliminary experimental results that can be obtained with this method.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP016
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP017	Manufacturing and Commissioning of Cyclotrons in a Series Production at Varian	MMI, extraction, radiation, proton	192
	O. Boldt, M. Eichel, S. Lucht, L. Netterdon, A. Roth, M. Seher, T. Stephani, M. Wiesner VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
	On 16th March 2019, Varian celebrated the 10th anniversary of first patient treatment in the Munich Proton Center, Germany. Since the first cyclotron installation, 22 more 250 MeV superconducting isochronous proton cyclotrons have successfully been manufactured, commissioned, and tested in our Troisdorf production line. During this process, an increasing experience with the cyclotron’s internal mechanisms and underlying physics allowed for a nowadays significant faster commissioning lead time without having changed the hardware setup substantially. Furthermore, we can already verify full clinical performance of each cyclotron in the factory test cells before delivery to the customer. Essential improvements in the areas of qualification of magnetic field configuration, RF conditioning, and beam commissioning are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP017
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP019	Recent Extensions of JULIC for HBS Investigations	neutron, experiment, target, proton	195
	O. Felden, N. Demary, N.-O. Fröhlich, R. Gebel, Y. Valdau FZJ, Jülich, Germany M. Rimmler JCNS, Jülich, Germany
	At the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) the energy variable cyclotron JULIC is used as injector of the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) and for low to medium current irradiations of different types. Recently a new target station was set up and is mainly used for tests of new target materials, neutron target development and neutron yield investigations with high power proton or deuteron beam in perspective of a high brilliance accelerator based neutron source (HBS) with the Jülich Center for Neutron Science. The neutrons are produced exposing material targets or compounds to proton or deuterium particles of relative low final particle energy in the MeV range and will be optimized for neutron scattering to be realized at reasonable costs. Beside this, ToF-experiments are performed to investigate and optimize the pulsing structure for HBS. The target station is installed inside an experimental area offering space for complex detector and component setups for nuclear and neutron related experiments. But it is used for other purposes like electronic or detector tests and irradiation as well. This report briefly summarizes the history of JULIC and the activities for its future perspectives.
	Poster TUP019 [1.562 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP019
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP021	Towards FLASH Proton Irradiation at HZB	radiation, proton, target, experiment	202
	G. Kourkafas, J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, T. Fanselow, J. Röhrich HZB, Berlin, Germany V.H. Ehrhardt, J. Gollrad, J. Heufelder, A. Weber Charite, Berlin, Germany
	The HZB cyclotron has been providing protons for eye-tumor treatment for more than 20 years. While it has been very successful using conventional dose rates (15-20 Gy/min), recent studies indicate that rapid irradiation with very high dose rates (FLASH) might be equally efficient against tumors but less harmful to healthy tissues. The flexible operation schemes of the HZB cyclotron can provide beams with variable intensities and time structures, covering a wide unexplored regime within the FLASH requirements (>40 Gy/s in <500 ms). This paper presents the results of the first FLASH beam production at HZB towards the establishment of an in-vivo clinical irradiation in the future.
	Poster TUP021 [1.031 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP021
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP022	Status of a 70 MeV Cyclotron System for ISOL Driver of Rare Isotope Science Project in Korea	target, ISOL, vacuum, diagnostics	205
	J.-W. Kim, J. Kang, J.H. Kim, T.S. Shin IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	A 70 MeV H⁻ cyclotron commercially available for medical isotope production will be used as an ISOL driver for rare isotope science project in Korea. The cyclotron is scheduled to be installed in 2021 for beam commissioning in the following year. In fact the building to house the cyclotron is currently almost complete so that the cyclotron system newly contracted needs to fit into the existing building, which brings some challenges in equipment installation and adaptation to utilities. Two beam lines to transport high-current proton beams into ISOL targets have been designed and are described along with other issues associated with the interface of the ISOL system.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP022
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP024	Muon Cyclotron for Transmission Muon Microscope	acceleration, flattop, cavity, extraction	208
	T. Yamazaki, Y. Nagatani KEK, Tokai Branch, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan T. Adachi, Y. Miyake KEK, Ibaraki, Japan A. Goto, J. Ohnishi RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan Y. Kumata, S. Kusuoka, T. Onda, H. Tsutsui SHI, Tokyo, Japan
	Funding: This work is supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP17H06126 and JP19H05194. A transmission muon microscope is an unprecedented tool which enables its users to reconstruct 3D image of samples such as a living cell. Muons can gain penetrative power as their energy increase, though electrons above 1 MeV start to trigger electromagnetic showers and protons above 1 GeV cause nuclear reactions. Muons accelerated up to about 5 MeV are able to penetrate a living cell (~ 10 um), which is impossible with ultra-high voltage (1 MeV) electron microscopes. In order to accelerate muons, efficient acceleration is necessary because the lifetime of muons is only 2.2 us. In addition, it is important to accelerate muons without increasing their energy dispersion. A cyclotron with a flat-top acceleration system is the best suited for the transmission muon microscope and is being developed at the J-PARC muon facility (MUSE). In this poster, the transmission muon microscope project and the development of the muon cyclotron will be presented.
	Poster TUP024 [1.366 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP024
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP025	Feasibility Study for Converting the CS-30 Into a Variable Energy Cyclotron for Isotopes Production Using the Internal Target System	target, radiation, proton, extraction	212
	H.A. Kassim KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia H.F. Akhdar Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia F.M. Alrumayan, A.M. Hendy King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
	Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP Strategic Technologies Program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, award no. 14-MAT-1233-20. This paper reports a method to reduce the beam energy of the CS-30 cyclotron from 26.5 up to 10 MeV using the internal target system in CS-30 cyclotrons for isotopes production. Irradiation of solid targets, in this type of cyclotrons, take place when the target is positioned horizontally inside the cyclotron tank. In its final position, the target plate interrupts the beam from completing its orbit and nuclear reactions take place. Calculations are made to determine the beam energy as a function of radius. Verification of the new method was achieved by producing pure Ga-68 at an energy level of 11.5 MeV. [1] Gordon, M. M., Calculation of isochronous fields for sector-focused cyclotrons, Part. Accel., 13 (1983) 67-84 [2] Smith, Lloyd, ORBIT DYNAMICS IN THE SPIRAL-RIDGED CYCLOTRON, (2010) [3] Kleeven, W. J. G. M., Theory of accelerated orbits and space charge effects in an AVF cyclotron Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, (1988)DOI: 10.6100/IR288492
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP025
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP026	Embedded Local Controller for the CS-30 Cyclotron	controls, radiation, ISOL, interface	215
	A.M. Hendy, F.M. Alrumayan King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia H.A. Kassim KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
	Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP Strategic Technologies Program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, award no. 14-MAT-1233-20. The Embedded Local Controller is used for the purpose of upgrading our old CS-30 cyclotron control system. It is installed inside the cyclotron vault and connected to the control room using CAN serial bus. This is to avoid adding more wires from cyclotron vault to the outside, because there is no room for extra wires in the feedthrough conduits. The system is carefully designed to be fault tolerant so that it can run in a radiation environment without failure. Details of the design and field test results are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP026
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP029	A 15-Mev/nucleon Iso-Cyclotron for Security and Radioisotope Production	extraction, cavity, acceleration, injection	223
	C. Johnstone PAC, Batavia, Illinois, USA R.B. Agustsson, S. Boucher, S.V. Kutsaev, A.Yu. Smirnov RadiaBeam, Marina del Rey, California, USA R.C. Lanza MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
	Funding: Work supported by US Dept of Energy under a Small Business Innovation Research Grant Cargo inspection systems exploit the broad bremsstrahlung spectrum from a 6-10 MeV, low-duty cycle electron accelerator which in the presence of significant backgrounds presents challenges in image and material identification. An alternative approach is to use ions which can excite nuclear states either directly, or through generation of secondary high-energy signature gammas produced from nuclear interactions in a target. RadiaBeam is designing a compact sector isocyclotron 1.25 m in radius, with high-gradient cavities to accelerate multi-ion species up to 15-20 MeV/u with large turn-to turn, centimeter-level separation for low-loss extraction without lossy foil stripping. A strong-focusing radial field profile will be optimized in a separated-sector format for control over machine tune simultaneous with isochronous orbist requirements for high-current (~0.5 milliamp) operation. Innovation in injection will be introduced to replace the high-loss central region. Non-security applications of the cyclotron include medical isotope production, ion radiobiology, as well as material science research and ion instrumentation development.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP029
About •	paper received ※ 19 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP030	Reinforcement Learning Based RF Control System for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry	controls, resonance, network, cavity	227
	H.S. Kim, J.-S. Chai, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, J.C. Lee, H. Namgoong SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: Radiation Technology R&D program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning through the National Research Foundation of Korea Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is a powerful method for separating rare isotopes and electrostatic type tandem accelerators have been widely used. At SungKyunKwan University, we are developing a AMS that can be used in a small space with higher resolution based on cyclotron. In contrast to the cyclotron used in conventional PET or proton therapy, the cyclotron-based AMS is characterized by high turn number and low dee voltage for high resolution. It is designed to accelerate not only 14C but also 13C or 12C. The AMS cyclotron RF control model has nonlinear characteristics due to the variable beam loading effect due to the acceleration of various particles and injected sample amounts. In this work, we proposed an AMS control system based on reinforcement learning. The proposed reinforcement learning finds the target control value in response to the environment through the learning process. We have designed a reinforcement learning based controller with RF system as an environment and verified the reinforcement learning based controller designed through the modeled cavity.
	Poster TUP030 [0.527 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP030
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP031	Design and Construction Progress of Cyclotron Based Proton Irradiation Facility for Space Science	proton, radiation, ion-source, cavity	230
	Y.L. Lv, S. An, T. Cui, T. Ge, B. Ji, X.L. Jia, S.L. Wang, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The proton irradiation facility for space science research and application consists of a 50 MeV proton cyclotron, two beam lines and two radiation effect simulation experimental target station. The 50 MeV proton cyclotron (CYCIAE-50) is a compact negative hydrogen ion cyclotron with the proton beam energy from 30 MeV to 50 MeV, and the beam intensity is from 10 nA to 10 uA. The cyclotron is about 3.2 m in diameter, 3.5 m in total height and 80 tons in total weight. The diameter of the pole is 2000 mm, the outer diameter of the yoke is 3200 mm, and the height of magnet is 1500 mm. The cyclotron uses an external multi-cusp H⁻ ion source. Then the H⁻ beam is injected into the accelerating orbit by the spiral inflector. The cyclotron frequency is about 16 MHz. The RF system is a pair of λ/2 RF cavities driven by a 25 kW transmitter. The fourth harmonic accelerating frequency is about 65 MHz. The proton beam is extracted by a single movable stripping carbon foil with the stripping extraction efficiency of 99%. The 50 MeV cyclotron has now been designed in detail, and its main components, such as the main magnets and RF cavities, are being manufactured in the factories in China.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP031
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP033	Concept of 15 Mev Cyclotron for Medical Isotopes Production	vacuum, proton, cavity, acceleration	233
	O. Karamyshev JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The purpose of this article is to show the prospects of cyclotrons with resistive coils and prove that even in such a well-established field there is still room for innovation. The concept of a 15 MeV cyclotron accelerating HÂ¯ ions with a current of up to 1 mA is presented. The design features significantly lower weight and power consumption, compared to the majority of existing cyclotrons of the same energy.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP033
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP035	Development of a Center Region for New Sumitomo Cyclotron	ion-source, proton, cathode, extraction	240
	N. Kamiguchi, M. Hirabayashi, J. Kanakura, Y. Kumata, Y. Mikami, H. Murata, H. Oda, T. Tachikawa, T. Takahashi, T. Tsurudome, H. Tsutsui, J.Y. Yoshida SHI, Kanagawa, Japan
	We, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., have been developing a new AVF cyclotron which employs a super-conducting magnet. This cyclotron purposes proton therapy fields and is most compact and high intensity among AVF cyclotrons which can accelerate to 230 MeV. In this paper we report and focus on its center region. The center region consists of bellows. The PIG ion source with hot cathode is located at the center of the cyclotron. As this cyclotron has 3 T magnetic field, the filament receives the Lorentz force strongly. To avoid the filament deformation, AC current heating is newly introduced into this ion source. The over 40 µA output have been already confirmed in our test bench. The extraction of the proton beam is conducted with an RF electric field. On one counter dee electrode a beam chopper is equipped and on the other counter dee electrode, phase slits, a pair of vertical beam dumpers and a beam probe are equipped. To control the beam current, static electric beam choppers deflect the beam direction vertically. C-H coils are put on outside of the center region in the valley. In this paper, the concept of the center region of this new cyclotron will be discussed.
	Poster TUP035 [1.416 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP035
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP036	Optical Design of AVF Weak-Focusing Accelerator	extraction, septum, focusing, resonance	242
	C. Hori, T. Aoki, T. Seki Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki-ken, Japan T. Hae, H. Hiramoto Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi Research Laboratory, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
	A trend in proton beam therapy systems is downsizing their footprints. A larger main magnetic field for the downsizing, however, requires a septum magnet to generate a larger magnetic field for beam extraction. In order to relax the specification of the septum magnet, we consider an azimuthally varying field (AVF) weak-focusing accelerator. The magnetic fields of its hills and valleys can be designed while maintaining the average magnetic fields over the design orbits. Thus, by locating the septum magnet near one of the valleys, the specification is relaxed while keeping the footprint of the accelerator. In this study, we show an optical design of an AVF weak-focusing accelerator with cotangential orbits. The magnetic field in the valleys is smaller than the average magnetic field over the maximum energy orbit by 0.2 T. We evaluate gradient magnetic fields required for beam extraction and find the possibility of variable energy extraction by the static gradient fields.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP036
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUC01	Review and Current Status of the 70 MeV High Intensity Proton Cyclotron at Legnaro	operation, target, proton, MMI	248
	M. Maggiore, P. Antonini, A. Lombardi, L. Pranovi INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy Z. Filipovski UI PET, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
	In 2017 the new cyclotron has been successfully commissioned and started the operation at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL) of INFN . The cyclotron is the proton driver foreseen for the Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) project, providing the high power beam for radioactive ion beams (RIBs) production by the ISOL technique. The SPES facility is today under construction and first low energy RIBs are expected to be available on 2021. The facility has been designed in order to exploit the versatility of the cyclotron in terms of wide range of energy and beam current extracted: 35-70 MeV energy and 20 nA - 500 µA of average current. Moreover, the possibility to extract at the same time two proton beams allows to share these both for experimental physics session and applications. In particular, at LNL a collaboration between private company and public institution will lead to a profitable synergy in R&D of new radioisotopes and the related production. In the session the results of the commissioning and the operation of cyclotron will be presented as well as the description of the SPES facility together with its potentiality in nuclear physics research and applications.
	Slides TUC01 [14.176 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUC01
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TUC02	Status of the HZB Cyclotron	radiation, proton, controls, experiment	253
	A. Denker, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, T. Fanselow, D. Hildebrand, U. Hiller, I. Kailouh, G. Kourkafas, S. Ozierenski, C. Rethfeldt, J. Röhrich, S. Seidel, C. Zimmer HZB, Berlin, Germany D. Cordini, J. Heufelder, R. Stark, A. Weber Charite, Berlin, Germany
	For more than 20 years eye tumours are treated in collaboration with the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. The close co-operation between Charité and HZB permits joint interdisciplinary research. Irradiations with either a sharp, well focused or a broad beam, either in vacuum or in air are possible. In addition, a 60Co-source for gamma-irradiations is available. Experiments now comprise dosimetry, detector comparisons, ambulant mouse irradiations, including class I gene-modified mice. Furthermore, radiation hardness tests on detectors, CCD-cameras and other electronics are performed. In order to improve the beam diagnosis between the 2 MV injector Tandetron and the cyclotron a harp has been installed, leading to new beam line calculations for the injection line. The accelerator operation for therapy as well as on-going experiments and results will be presented.
	Slides TUC02 [1.965 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUC02
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TUC03	AGOR Status Report	radiation, operation, experiment, controls	256
	B.N. Jones, S. Brandenburg, M.-J. van Goethem KVI-CART, Groningen, The Netherlands
	Funding: Work supported by EU Horizon 2020 (contract nrs. 654002; 730983) and the Dutch Cancer Foundation KWF project 11766) TThe operations of the superconducting cyclotron AG-OR over the past years will be reviewed. Reliability issues encountered after nearly 25 years of operation and mitigation measures to warrant reliable operation for the coming decade will be discussed. The research performed with AGOR has significantly shifted from fundamental physics to radiation biology and medical radiation physics, both in collaboration with the Groningen Proton Therapy Center, and radiation hardness studies. The radiation biology research will be substantially expanded in the coming years with a new beam line for image guided preclinical research. For this research new dose delivery modalities including scanning, spatial fractionation and very high dose rates are developed. In addition a new program has been started on the production of exotic nuclei, for which a new superconducting solenoid fragment separator will be developed. For the radiation hardness testing a cocktail beam at 30 MeV/amu with several ion species up to Xe has been developed and is now routinely delivered for experiments. A cocktail at 15 MeV/amu up to Bi is under development.
	Slides TUC03 [4.632 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUC03
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TUC04	Status of the Cyclotron Facility at Research Center for Nuclear Physics	proton, operation, ion-source, neutron	259
	H. Kanda, M. Fukuda, S. Hara, T. Hara, K. Hatanaka, K. Kamakura, H.W. Koay, S. Morinobu, Y. Morita, M. Nakao, K. Omoto, T. Saito, K. Takeda, H. Tamura, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita RCNP, Osaka, Japan
	Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University operates a K140 AVF cyclotron and a K400 ring cyclotron and promotes the nuclear physics, accelerator physics, material science, nuclear medicine and related scientific fields. In the recent years, we operated the CAGRA campaign and Grand-RAIDEN+CAGRA campaign experiments* for taking advantage of the low background environment of the RCNP experimental halls and the high quality beams. We have successfully completed the low energy muon beam line, MuSIC*. We have been carrying out a program of the upgrade of the K140 AVF cyclotron which continued working since 1973. We aim at 10 times higher intensity for the proton beam than before and further stability of the operation. We also carried out the upgrade of the cyclotron building and related facilities to handle beams with higher intensity. From 2019, the RCNP started the Research Center of Subatomic Sciences as the International Joint Usage/Research Center in Japan. These upgrades are the most important programs to extend the function of the newly established center. E. Ideguchi, SSNET’17 - Abstracts and slides, (p. 1990). France, (2017). **D. Tomono, PoS(NuFact2017) 111, (2018).
	Slides TUC04 [8.696 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUC04
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WEA02	The Developments of the RF System Related to the K-800 Superconducting Cyclotron Upgrade	extraction, cavity, acceleration, LLRF	262
	A.C. Caruso, L. Calabretta, G. Costa, G. Gallo, A. Longhitano, D. Rifuggiato, A. Spartà, G. Torrisi, E. Zappalà INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	The K-800 superconducting cyclotron has been in operation at Laboratori Nazionali del Sud for almost 25 years. It has been subjected to continuous upgrades and modifications since 1994: the RF couplers have been redesigned, the new dees have been changed from aluminium to copper, as has the new central region from radial to axial injection of the beam, the hybrid configuration solid state - tube of the power amplifiers, the digital LLRF, etc. The next scheduled important upgrade of the Cyclotron mainly consists in a new extraction beam line able to support the increase of the beam current intensity. The accelerated beam will be extracted in two ways: by stripper and by electrostatic deflector and, consequently, one of the most important features of the new upgrade is the new cryostat. Further upgrades and refurbishments of the other main parts of the cyclotron, such as a new liner, the modification of the RF cavities and dees, the refurbishment of HLRF-LLRF, the insertion of the stripper extraction system, to name but a few, are in progress, too. This work focuses on the RF system upgrade.
	Slides WEA02 [10.816 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-WEA02
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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WEB01	Status of FFAs (Modelling and Existing/planned Machines)	lattice, synchrotron, focusing, proton	266
	J.-B. Lagrange, D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida, C.R. Prior, C.T. Rogers STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	Since their rebirth two decades ago, great progress has been made in Fixed Field alternating gradient Accelerator (FFA) design, with different optical concepts and technological developments. Several machines have been built, and others are planned. The talk will review the recent progress around the world.
	Slides WEB01 [7.965 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-WEB01

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOA03

Status Report on GANIL and Upgrade of SPIRAL1

target, experiment, ion-source, ECR

9

O. Kamalou, P. Delahaye, M. Dubois, A. Savalle
GANIL, Caen, France

The GANIL facility (Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds) at Caen is dedicated for acceleration of heavy ion beams for nuclear physics, atomic physics, and radiobiology and material irradiation. Nowadays, an intense exotic beam is produced by the Isotope Separation On-Line method at the SPIRAL1 facility since 2001. New demands from the physics community motivated the upgrade of this facility in order to extend the range of post-accelerated radioactive ions. A 2 MEuro project allowed the profound modification of the facility and the commissioning was achieved in 2017. The status of this facility and the last results will be presented. The review of the cyclotron operation from 2001 to 2019 will be presented as well.

Slides MOA03 [8.175 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOA03

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paper received ※ 10 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOB01

Recent Progress in RIKEN RI Beam Factory

cavity, ECR, acceleration, ion-source

12

O. Kamigaito, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, T. Nagatomo, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, T. Nishi, J. Ohnishi, H. Okuno, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, A. Uchiyama, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
Y.M. Miyake
RIKEN, Saitama, Japan

Recent efforts at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) are aimed at increasing the beam intensity for very heavy ions such as xenon and uranium. This paper presents upgrade programs carried out over the past few years, including modifications of the RF cavities of the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron and improvements of the charge stripper. The current performance of the RIBF accelerators and future plans to further increase the beam intensity are also presented.

Slides MOB01 [13.848 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOB01

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paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOB02

Progress With a New Radioisotope Production Facility and Construction of Radioactive Beam Facility at iThemba LABS

target, controls, ion-source, isotope-production

17

J.L. Conradie, J.K. Abraham, H. Anderson, L.S. Anthony, F. Azaiez, S. Baard, R.A. Bark, A.H. Barnard, P. Beukes, J.I. Broodryk, B. Cornelius, J.C. Cornell, J.G. De Villiers, H. Du Plessis, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, C. Lussi, J. Mira, H.W. Mostert, C. Naidoo, F. Nemulodi, M. Sakieldien, V.F. Spannenberg, G.F. Steyn, N. Stodart, I.L. Strydom, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa

With the termination of the neutron and proton therapy programs at iThemba LABS, the use of the Separated Sector Cyclotron (SSC) has now shifted to nuclear physics research with both stable and radioactive ion beams, as well as biomedical research. A dedicated isotope production facility with a commercial 70 MeV H-minus cyclotron has been approved and both the cyclotron and isotope production target stations will be housed in the vaults that were previously used for the therapy programs. The status of this new facility will be reported. In the future the SSC will mostly be used for nuclear physics research, as well as the production of isotopes that cannot be produced with the 70 MeV H-minus cyclotron. At present the production of the alpha-emitting radionuclide Astatine (211At) with a 28 MeV alpha beam is being investigated. Progress with the construction of a facility for production of radioactive beams will be discussed. There will also be reports on development work on the ECR ion sources and progress with implementation of an EPICS control system.

Slides MOB02 [10.580 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOB02

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MOP001

Design and Commissioning of RF System for SC200 Cyclotron

cavity, controls, MMI, LLRF

21

G. Chen, C. Chao, Y. Chen, K.Z. Ding, G. Liu, X.Y. Long, Z. Peng, Y. Song, C. Yu, X. Zhang, Y. Zhao
ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
L. Calabretta, A.C. Caruso
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
O. Karamyshev
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
G.A. Karamysheva, G. Shirkov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The SC200 proton therapy superconducting cyclotron is currently under construction by ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia). The radio frequency (RF) system which provides an accelerating electric field for the particles, has been designed and tested in a high-power commissioning. The RF system consists of RF cavity, Low-level RF control system, RF source, transmission network and so on. The main performances of RF cavity meet design and use requirements in the cold test. The RF cavity achieved with an unload Q factor of 5200 at the resonant frequency of 91.5 MHz, 60 kV (Center)~120 kV (Extraction) accelerating voltage and coupling state of S11 <-30 dB. The low-level RF (LLRF) system has been tested with an amplitude stability of <0.2% and a phase stability of <0.1 degree in the high-power commissioning. What is more, the cavity operated in a ~50 kW continuous wave state after 4 weeks RF conditioning. Some risks have exposed at higher power test, but related solutions and improvements have been developed. In future work, the target of RF system is effective operation under the overall assembly of cyclotron after further optimization and RF conditioning.

Poster MOP001 [0.720 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP001

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paper received ※ 09 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP002

Recent Progress on Ion Source of SC200 Cyclotron

ion-source, proton, extraction, experiment

24

Y. Zhao, G. Chen
ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
L. Calabretta
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
O. Karamyshev
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
G.A. Karamysheva, G. Shirkov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
S.W. Xu
USTC, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China

Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 11775258 & 11575237 and International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Anhui (grant No. 1704e1002207).
A 200MeV compact superconducting cyclotron, named SC200, for proton therapy is under development by collaboration of ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia). The ion source is a significant subsystem of the cyclotron. A hot cathode internal ion source has been designed and tested for SC200 cyclotron. The ion source has been successfully arc discharged on the test bench. The extracted beam current has been measured over 100 uA and filament lifetime of ion source exceeded 100 h, which indicated that the ion source meets the design requirements. The stability of the filament under strong magnetic field has also been tested and the differences between the two kinds of filament are compared.

Poster MOP002 [0.519 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP002

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MOP003

Optimal Design and Fluid-Solid Coupling Thermal Analysis of SC200 Superconducting Proton Cyclotron Electrostatic Deflector

septum, proton, simulation, extraction

27

Y. Xu, Y. Chen, K.Z. Ding, X.Y. Huang, J. Li, K. Pei, Y. Song
ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
K. Gu
HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China

Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 11775258 & 11575237 and International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Anhui (grant No. 1704e1002207).
In recent years, the study of proton therapy equipment has received increasing attention in China. Hefei CAS Ion Medical and Technical Devices Co., Ltd. (HFCIM) is developing a proton medical device based on the super-conducting proton cyclotron. The electrostatic deflector (ESD) is the key extraction component of the SC200 superconducting cyclotron, which uses a high-intensity electric field to bend the beam from the track. The fierce interaction between the proton beam and the deflector septum, causes a great loss of beam and unwanted excess heat accumulation and radiation. In order to minimize the risk of damage caused by the proton beam loss, the fluid solid-thermal coupling analysis of the deflector was per-formed by applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) on ANSYS. The maximum temperatures of the septum in various cases of the cooling water speed, the septum thickness and material have been investigated respective-ly. The result based on analysis provide a valuable refer-ence for the further optimization on the material selection and structural design for ESD.

Poster MOP003 [0.735 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP003

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP004

Beam Dynamics Simulation of the Extraction for a Superconducting Cyclotron SC240

extraction, proton, simulation, emittance

31

Z. Wu, K.Z. Ding, J. Li, Y. Song
ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
Z. Wang
HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China

In order to diversify the company’s cyclotron, a design study has been carried out on a 240 MeV superconducting cyclotron SC240 for proton therapy, which is based on our experience in design of SC200. In order to increase turn separation and extraction efficiency, resonant precessional extraction method is employed in the extraction system. A first harmonic field consistent with the Gaussian distribution is added to introduce beam precessional motion. Its effects on phase space evolution and turn separation increase is studied by a high efficiency beam dynamics simulation code. According to the study, its amplitude and phase have been optimized to meet the requirements of extraction beam dynamics. Based on beam dynamics simulation, the parameters of extraction system elements (two electrostatic deflectors and six magnetic channels) are chosen. Besides, the effects of sectors spiral direction on beam extraction are studied. Extraction efficiencies and beam parameters have been calculated.

Poster MOP004 [1.696 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP004

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paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP006

The Design and Simulation on the Extraction System for CYCIAE-50

proton, extraction, simulation, radiation

35

S. An, F.P. Guan, P. Huang, L.Y. Ji, M. Li, Y.L. Lv, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing, T.J. Zhang, X. Zheng
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

A 50 MeV H⁻ compact cyclotron (CYCIAE-50) as a proton irradiation facility is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy. The proton beam with the energy of 30 MeV to 50 MeV and the current of 10 uA will be extracted by a single stripping extraction system. In order to reduce the beam loss, the combination magnet is fixed inside the magnetism yoke. The positions of stripping points for the different extraction energy are calculated and the extracted beam trajectories after stripping foil are simulated in detail in this paper. The extracted beam distribution after stripping foil and the extracted beam characters will be studied in this paper. The beam parameters after extraction will be given by the extracting orbit simulation. The design on the whole stripping extraction system has been finished and will be presented in this paper.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP006

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP007

The Design and Calculation on the Injection and Central Region for CYCIAE-50

injection, ion-source, MMI, solenoid

39

L.Y. Ji, S. An, F.P. Guan, P. Huang, X.L. Jia, Y.L. Lv, C. Wang, S.L. Wang, T.J. Zhang, X. Zheng
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

A 50 MeV cyclotron (CYCIAE-50) is been building at China Institute of Atomic Energy. CYCIAE-50 is a compact H⁻ cyclotron with the proton beam energy of 30 MeV to 50 MeV and the beam current of 10 uA. A multi-cusp H⁻ ion source with the beam current of 3 mA will be used for this machine. The design on the injection and central region of CYCIAE-50 has been finished. The way of matching the beam from ion source to central region and the design of central region will be present in this paper. In addition, some significant problems in central region will be discussed, including radial alignment, axial focusing, longitudinal focusing and energy gain, etc.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP007

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP008

Mechanical Design of Beam Lines for a 230 MeV SC Cyclotron at CIAE

dipole, proton, quadrupole, vacuum

42

M. Yin, S. An, F.P. Guan, Y.L. Lv, G.F. Pan, F. Wang, F. Wang, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, T.J. Zhang, F.Zhu. Zhu
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Funding: This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 11475269 and 11375274.
To develop the proton beam transfer system which used in the field of proton therapy, the mechanical design of proton beam lines based on the CYCIAE-230 has been finished at the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The proton beam transfer system includes the beam lines, beam dump, gantry, nozzle, couch, image guidance system, etc. Two beam lines are designed at CIAE this moment. One is for the nozzle system, the other is for the beam dump. The beam lines include four systems: the energy selection system, the beam transportation systems, gantry system, beam dump. The beam lines are very compact in order to match the beam optics and the space limitation. The gantry can be rotated ±180°. There are several key components in beam lines, such as magnets, degrader, beam diagnostics component, vacuum component, etc. The designed mechanical tolerance of the magnets is limited less than 0.1 mm. There are at least four targets on each magnets for collimation and all the components can be adjusted in three dimensions. The magnets are being manufactured now. The mechanical design of proton beam lines based on the CYCIAE-230 will be presented in this paper.

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MOP010

A 50 MeV Proton Beam Line Design

proton, target, quadrupole, radiation

45

S.M. Wei, S. An, L.L. Guan, Y.L. Lv
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The cyclotron Center at the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) is now developing a medium-energy proton irradiation device that provides a proton beam with an energy range of 30 MeV to 50 MeV to simulate a space proton radiation environment, which has a significant impact on spacecraft. A beam transport line is designed for irradiation effect study based on the 50 MeV compact cyclotron, which requires continuous adjustment of the beam energy and the beam spot on the target requires high uniformity. The proton beam extracted from the cyclotron is adjusted to the energy required by using the degrader, then the proton beam is bended and focused. In order to obtain uniform large-diameter beam spot on the target, a wobbling magnet is installed on the beam line to uniformly sweep the proton beam on the target and finally obtain the proton beam with energy of 30 MeV - 50 MeV, current of 10 uA and beam spot of 20 cm * 20 cm on the target.

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MOP011

Magnetic Field Measurement and Shimming for a Medical Compact Cyclotron

MMI, controls, proton, monitoring

48

L.L. Guan, S. An, T. Cui, P. Huang, X.L. Jia, M. Li, F. Wang, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

A compact cyclotron is developed by Cyclotron Accelerator Research Center at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) to extract 14 MeV proton beam for medical radioisotopes production, so as to meet the market demands of early diagnosis of malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Owing to the small size and limited space of small medical cyclotrons, critical requirements are imposed on magnetic field measurement. For this reason, a magnetic field measurement system, with high-precision and high-stability, suitable for small cyclotrons is adopted and then an efficient magnetic field shimming method is used, which greatly reduces the construction period. It provides a strong guarantee for the stable operation of medical small cyclotrons.

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MOP013

Mechanical Modifications of the Median Plane for the Superconducting Cyclotron Upgrade

extraction, superconducting-magnet, simulation, vacuum

51

G. Gallo, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, A.C. Caruso, G. Costa, E. Messina, M.S. Musumeci, D. Rifuggiato, E. Zappalà
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

The Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) is a three sectors, compact accelerator with a wide operating diagram, capable of accelerating heavy ions with q/A from 0.1 to 0.5 up to energies from 2 to 100 MeV/u. Recently a significant upgrade has been proposed to increase the light ion beam intensity by means of extraction by stripping. For the implementation of the new extraction mode, many relevant modifications are needed in the median plane. The biggest upgrade action is the replacement of the present superconducting magnet with a new one, compatible with the beam trajectory and envelope in the extraction by stripping. The extraction by stripping mode implies the installation of two stripper systems, one in a hill and the other in a valley, that allow to extract all the ions requested by the users. Finally, since the present electrostatic extraction mode will be maintained, several relevant mechanical issues have to be faced when switching from one extraction mode to the other one, the location of one electrostatic deflector being the same as the stripper system. The focus of this paper will be the presentation of the different mechanical features involved in the upgrade.

Poster MOP013 [1.583 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP013

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paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP014

3D Magnetic Optimization of the New Extraction Channel for the LNS Superconducting Cyclotron

simulation, extraction, focusing, acceleration

54

L. Neri, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, G. Costa, G. D’Agostino, G. Gallo, D. Rifuggiato, A.D. Russo, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

The upgrade of the Superconducting Cyclotron operating at INFN-LNS is the main objective of the general upgrade of the LNS facility, consisting in the enhancement of light ion beam intensity. To overcome the present maximum power of 100 W of the beam extracted by electrostatic deflector and achieve a beam power as high as 10 kW, the implementation of the extraction by stripping method has been proposed. Intense ion beams with mass in the range 10 to 40 amu (12C, 18O, 20Ne, 40Ar) in the energy range of interest (15-70 MeV/u) will be delivered to the NUMEN experiment, as well as used for production of in-flight radioactive beams. The present work consists in the optimization of the magnetic channels needed to limit the radial and axial beam envelopes. The design of the magnetic channels has been accomplished by fully three-dimensional magneto-static simulations using Comsol Multiphysics and a custom transport code developed in Matlab along the last year at INFN-LNS. The effect of a magnetic shielding structure in the extraction channel is presented, together with the possibility of producing a magnetic gradient from an asymmetric coil.

Poster MOP014 [2.968 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP014

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP016

Vertical Focussing with a Field Gradient Spiral Inflector

experiment, quadrupole, emittance, optics

58

A.H. Barnard, J.I. Broodryk, J.L. Conradie, J.G. De Villiers, J. Mira, F. Nemulodi, R.W. Thomae
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa

Traditional spiral inflectors suffer from vertical defocussing, leading to beam loss. In this study the electrode shape of an inflector is modified to intentionally produce transverse electric field gradients, which have a significant influence on the optics. This is done by placing the traditionally parallel electrodes at an angle relative to each other in the transverse plane, creating a quadrupole field on the central path. Varying the electrode angle along the path length creates an alternating-gradient effect. The electrode entrance and exit faces are also shaped to create quadrupoles inside the fringe field. By numerical optimisation a design with good vertical focussing is obtained. Experiments show a roughly 100% increase in transmission in cases where the buncher is turned off. However, high losses at extraction are observed with the buncher turned on, due to RF-phase spread introduced by longitudinal defocussing in the inflector. This results in an improvement of only 20% during normal cyclotron operation, and shows that an inflector should ideally focus vertically and longitudinally at the same time. Ongoing work to achieve such combined focussing is described.

Poster MOP016 [1.410 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP016

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paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP017

Research on Metallic Ion Beam Production With Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

experiment, ECR, ion-source, plasma

62

S.L. Bogomolov, A.A. Efremov, K.I. Kuzmenkov, D.K. Pugachev, Yu. Yazvitsky
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
J.L. Conradie, D.T. Fourie, N.Y. Kheswa, J. Mira, F. Nemulodi, R.W. Thomae
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa

Many experiments in nuclear physics request the production of metallic ion beams. All elements from lithium up to uranium are of interest and most of them are required as a specific isotope which demands commonly enriched materials. Depending on the material properties beams of rare isotopes can be produced from solid materials or solid compounds. In this report the results of experiments carried out under a collaboration of JINR and iThemba LABS on the production of metallic ions from Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) using resistive oven evaporation, Metal Ions from VOlatile Compounds (MIVOC) method and sputtering technique will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP017

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paper received ※ 11 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP018

Simulation of the Axial Injection Beam Line of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR

injection, ECR, simulation, radiation

66

N.Yu. Kazarinov, J. Franko, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.136 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pµAmps for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pµAmps for heavier ions (A>132). The injection into cyclotron will be realized from the external room temperature 18 GHz ECR ion source. The simulation of the axial injection system of the cyclotron is presented in this report.

Poster MOP018 [1.331 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP018

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paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP019

The Results of Magnetic Field Formation and Commissioning of Heavy-Ion Isochronous Cyclotron DC280

operation, experiment, ECR, MMI

70

I.A. Ivanenko, G.G. Gulbekyan, G.N. Ivanov, I.V. Kalagin, V.A. Semin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The DC280 cyclotron is the new accelerator of FLNR Super Heavy Elements Factory. It was commissioned in the beginning of 2019. DC280 is intended for production of high intensity, up to 10 pmkA, beams of heavy ions with mass to charge ratio A/Z= 4 - 7. The wide range of accelerated ions from helium to uranium and smooth variation of extracted beam energy in the range W= 4 - 8 MeV/n are provided by varying of level of main magnetic field from 0.64 T till 1.32 T. The DC280 magnetic field was formed in a good conformity with results of computer modeling. In spite of commissioning of cyclotron still is in progress, the first experiments gave the intensity 1.35 pmkA of 84Kr¹⁴⁺ and 10 pmkA of 12C²⁺. At the present work the results of calculations, magnetic field measurements and first experiments are presented.

Poster MOP019 [1.368 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP019

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paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP020

Simulation of the Beam Extraction System of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR

extraction, simulation, radiation, betatron

73

N.Yu. Kazarinov, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.136 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pµAmps for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pµAmps for heavier ions (A>132). The beam extraction system consists of electrostatic deflector and two magnetic channels. The simulation of the extraction system of the cyclotron is presented in this report. The extracted beams characteristics outside the cyclotron, that will serve as initial conditions for the design of experimental beam lines of FLNR JINR IF are determined.

Poster MOP020 [9.336 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP020

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paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP021

Simulation of Beam Extraction from TR24 Cyclotron at IPHC

extraction, emittance, betatron, experiment

76

N.Yu. Kazarinov, I.A. Ivanenko
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
T. Adam, F.R. Osswald, E.K. Traykov
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France

The CYRCé (CYclotron pour la ReCherche et Enseignement) TR24 cyclotron is used at IPHC (Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien) for the production of radio-isotopes for diagnostics, medical treatments and fundamental research in radiobiology. The TR24 cyclotron produced and commercialized by ACSI delivers a 16-25 MeV proton beam with intensity from few nA up to 500 µA. The TR24 is a compact isochronous cyclotron with normal-conducting magnet and stripper foil for the beam extraction. The calculation model for OPERA 3D program code is described. The magnetic field map in the working region of the cyclotron is generated. The beam characteristics outside the cyclotron, that will serve as initial conditions for the design of future beam lines are determined.

Poster MOP021 [15.509 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP021

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paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP022

Project of a Novel Multi-Orbital Beam Bunching and Extraction from the U-120M Cyclotron

target, neutron, extraction, bunching

80

M. Čihák, R. Běhal, P. Krist, T. Matlocha, J. Stursa, V. Zach
NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic

We introduce the bunching system for a time structure control of the U-120M cyclotron beam. The system is based on a unique pulsed vertical deflection of the selected final orbits of the internal accelerated beam of the H⁻ ions to an extractor-stripper (a thin carbon foil positioned below the cyclotron median plane). A set of home-made programs have been developed for simulations and parameters determination of the system. Results of some simulations (i.e. dimensions of the deflection system, parameters of the pulsed high voltage power supply, position of the stripper, beam trajectories, beam parameters, beam losses, Be target position etc.) are presented. The system will be used for fast neutron generation and consequently for spectrometric measurement of neutron energy by the time of flight (ToF) method. The system will provide beam bunch interval up to 1000 ns range of a defined beam time structure (up to beam bunch period to beam bunch width ratio min 100).

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP022

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP023

Synchronization and High Speed High Voltage Switcher for Pulse Bunching System of the Cyclotron U-120M

neutron, proton, PLC, bunching

83

P. Krist, D. Poklop, J. Stursa
NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic
V. Cervenka
HiLASE Centre, Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Dolní BřeÂany, Czech Republic
J. Vozáb
Radan s.r.o., Barchov, Czech Republic

Pulse bunching system for neutron time of flight (ToF) measurements on the cyclotron U-120M exploits a unique pulsed vertical deflection of the selected final orbits of the internal accelerated beam of the H⁻ ions to an extractor-stripper. This system is described in details on an individual poster of this conference. A key device is the pulse HV power supply (HV switcher) which is supplying the deflector and elevates H⁻ ions in defined time structure to an extractor-stripper. The developed HV switcher is based on the SiC MOSFET transistors. It can provide HV pulses with the following pulse parameters: amplitude up to 13 kV, front edge less than 20 ns, flat top 20 ns, back edge less than 20 ns and repetition frequency up to several hundred of kHz. We have also developed the pulse synchronization with the cyclotron RF (25 MHz), which enables to set up front edge of bunching pulses within 2pi with accuracy 80 ps. Human-machine interface is based on SCADA software Reliance and PLC Tecomat Foxtrot. The time waveforms of the real pulses are part of the presentation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP023

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP024

Development of a Replacement for the Long Radial Probe in the Ring Cyclotron

vacuum, plasma, simulation, cavity

86

R. Dölling, G.G. Gamma, V. Ovinnikov, M. Rohrer, P. Rüttimann, R. Senn
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The long radial probe in PSI’s Ring cyclotron delivers a radial pattern of all but the first few turns. In recent years, the measurement has been plagued by artefacts and mechanical problems. We report here on the development of a replacement, which should also provide a more flexible basis for extended measurement capabilities.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP024

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paper received ※ 20 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP025

Fast Recharging of Electrostatic Injection and Extraction Septa After Breakdown

ISOL, plasma, septum, vacuum

90

R. Dölling
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
J. Brutscher
Private Address, Dresden, Germany

We propose to recharge an electrostatic injection or extraction septum in a high-power cyclotron fast enough to omit the need for switching off the beam at a high voltage breakdown.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP025

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paper received ※ 20 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP028

Design of 5.8 MHz RF Electrode for AMS Cyclotron

cavity, impedance, acceleration, tandem-accelerator

94

D.H. Ha, J.-S. Chai, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, H. Namgoong
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is a powerful method for separating isotopes, and electrostatic tandem accelerators are widely used for AMS. Sungkyunkwan University is developing AMS that can be used in a smaller space based on cyclotron. Unlike conventional cyclotrons used in PET or proton therapy, cyclotron-based AMS provides high turn number and high resolution. In this study, we proposed a cavity with a frequency of 5.8 MHz and an accelerating voltage of 300 V to accelerate the particles in the cyclotron. The proposed cavity was designed as an electrode and verified by CST Microwave studio.

Poster MOP028 [1.078 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP028

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP030

RF measurement of SKKUCY-10 RF Cavity for Impedance Matching

cavity, coupling, impedance, beam-loading

100

J.C. Lee, J.-S. Chai, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, H. Namgoong
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Funding: Radiation Technology R&D program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning through the National Research Foundation of Korea
The 10 MeV cyclotron was designed for next version in Sungkyunkwan University, after the SKKUCY-9 had developed for medical application for PET. The RF cavity, which generates the electric field in cyclotron, was designed based on a half-wavelength resonator and optimized to improve the unloaded quality factor (Q₀). The design specifications of RF cavity were resonance frequency 83.2 MHz, Q₀ 5830 and Dee voltage 40 kV with geometrical values resonator length 560 mm, Dee angle 35° and Stem radius 16 mm. The RF cavity of the SKKUCY-10 was fabricated and installed inside the electromagnet, and RF characteristics were measured with a network analyzer. The RF coupling coefficient and characteristic impedance for desired condition were selected at 1.08 and 52 ’, respectively. The RF coupling coefficient and characteristic impedance were measured 0.8-1.2, 52-49 ’ according to temperature as 15-21°C. The power coupler was checked for optimization of RF coupling coefficient and characteristic impedance, and the results show good agreement with simulated and measured data.

Poster MOP030 [1.665 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP030

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2020 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP031

Design of High Sensitive Magnet and Beam Dynamics for AMS Cyclotron

ion-source, extraction, radio-frequency, simulation

103

H. Namgoong, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

To produce a carbon-14 for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS), AMS Cyclotron magnet was designed. For the AMS system, Cyclotron magnet has been required high mass resolution. In order to realize high mass resolution, the phase error is designed within ±10 and the mass resolution was 5000. We used CST particle studio and Cyclone for beam dynamics simulation of this cyclotron magnet. This paper describes the AMS cyclotron magnet and beam dynamics design.

Poster MOP031 [2.281 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP031

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP032

Control System in 10 MeV Cyclotron Based on IoT

controls, cavity, monitoring, network

106

M. Mohamadian, H. Afarideh, S. Babaee, H. Pashaei, N. Salmani
AUT, Tehran, Iran
M. Ghergherehchi
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the new most advanced technologies in the world. One of the application of this technology is using it in places where remote control is preferred or it needs to control various processes at different times throughout the day. The cyclotron accelerator is one such system in which the start-up process until radio medicine production requires continuous monitoring and inspection. In this research, we have tried to use the internet of things technology in the process of cyclotron control system specially in fine tuning section.

Poster MOP032 [0.936 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP032

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paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP034

Beam Stripping Interactions Implemented in Cyclotrons with OPAL Simulation Code

electron, vacuum, simulation, experiment

109

P. Calvo, C. Oliver
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
A. Adelmann, M. Frey, A. Gsell, J. Snuverink
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Beam transmission optimization and losses characterization, where beam stripping interactions are a key issue, play an important role in the design and operation of compact cyclotrons. A beam stripping model has been implemented in the three-dimensional object-oriented parallel code OPAL-cycl, a flavor of the OPAL framework. The model includes Monte Carlo methods for interaction with residual gas and dissociation by electromagnetic stripping. The model has been verified with theoretical models and it has been applied to the AMIT cyclotron according to design conditions.

Poster MOP034 [0.880 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP034

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paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP035

Extraction Beam Orbit of a 250 MeV Superconducting Cyclotron

extraction, MMI, resonance, proton

113

H.J. Zhang, K. Fan, Y. Yan
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
Y.-N. Rao
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
L.G. Zhang
HUST, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China

Funding: The work is supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (11775087).
A superconducting cyclotron based on proton therapy facility is being developed at Huazhong university of science and technology (HUST). Due to the compact size of the main magnet, the beam orbits at the extraction region are distributed densely, which creates difficulties for beam extraction leading to severe beam loss. In order to deal with these challenges, the orbit precession method has been employed in the extraction system design. In this paper, we introduce a method of employing a first harmonic field near the nu_r=1 resonance where the beam energy is about 248 MeV to adjust the amplitude of beam orbit oscillation. The optimum amplitude and phase of the first harmonic field are designed to obtain a large turn separation in the extraction region. Three different ways of generating the first harmonic field are compared for optimization.

Poster MOP035 [0.777 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP035

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP036

The Magnetic Field Design of Cyclotron at IMP

focusing, MMI, cryogenics, extraction

116

Q.G. Yao, B. Wang, B.M. Wu, W. Wu, L. Yang
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China

A cyclotron magnet is studied at Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMP, CAS), and the whole system include one main magnet and other magnetic gradient correctors, which is used to accelerate the Kr²⁶⁺ beam. The structure of superconducting coils and room-temperature iron core are adopted for the main magnet. This paper describes the magnetic field design of the cyclotron, and several shimming methods are used to meet the isochronous magnetic field of Kr²⁶⁺ beam, including pole face shimming method and side shimming method. The final optimization results show that the error between simulation and theory value is small. In addition, the magnet structure is also described.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP036

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paper received ※ 17 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOC02

A Pathway to Accelerate Ion Beams up to 3 GeV with a K140 Cyclotron

ECR, ECRIS, ion-source, plasma

119

D.Z. Xie, L. Phair, D.S. Todd
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231
The capabilities of the K140 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) have been extensively enhanced through generations of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs). The cyclotron has evolved from a light-ion accelerator into a proton to uranium accelerator and has accelerated ultra-high charge state heavy ions, such as xenon and uranium. Recently, with 124Xe⁴⁹⁺ ions injected from VENUS (a 3rd generation ECR ion source) the 88-Inch Cyclotron reached a new record of ~ 2.6 GeV.* This is an energy increase of about fifteen-fold over what this K140 cyclotron could achieve when it started operation almost six decades ago. A 4th generation ECR ion source, MARS-D, is under development and will further raise the output energy of the cyclotron. With the higher ion charge states produced that are anticipated with a new ECR ion source, the 88-Inch Cyclotron ought to be able to accelerate ion beams of energies of 3 GeV and higher for the radiation effects testing community. This paper will present and discuss the development of the MARS-D ECR ion source and the 88-Inch Cyclotron’s recent and possible future achievements.
*: D. Z. Xie, W. Lu, J. Y. Benitez, M. J. Regis, Recent Production of Ultra-High Charge State Ion Beams with VENUS, Proc. of the 23rd Int’l Workshop on ECR Ion Sources, Catania, Italy, Sept, 2018.

Slides MOC02 [11.895 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOC02

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paper received ※ 16 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOC03

Upgrade of the PSI Injector 2 Cyclotron

cavity, LLRF, operation, pick-up

123

M. Schneider, J. Grillenberger
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The high intensity proton accelerator facility at PSI is capable of providing beam currents of up to 2.4 mA at a kinetic energy of 590 MeV. PSI is following an upgrade plan to further increase the beam power and to further minimize proton losses. Up to now, this has mainly been achieved by the installation of high gradient copper resonators in the Ring cyclotron and the installation of more powerful RF-amplifiers. Currently, PSI follows a similar approach for the Injector 2 cyclotron providing 72 MeV protons for the injection into the 590 MeV Ring cyclotron. In order to increase the turn separation in the injector cyclotron which results in lower relative beam losses, the two 150 MHz resonators operated in accelerating mode are replaced with two 50 MHz Aluminum resonators providing higher acceleration voltage. This paper describes the status of the upgrade, i.e., the replacement of the first resonator and related hardware.

Slides MOC03 [10.052 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOC03

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paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUA02

Novel Irradiation Methods for Theranostic Radioisotope Production With Solid Targets at the Bern Medical Cyclotron

target, detector, radiation, proton

127

S. Braccini
LHEP, Bern, Switzerland
C. Belver-Aguilar, T.S. Carzaniga, G. Dellepiane, P. Haeffner, P. Scampoli
AEC, Bern, Switzerland
P. Scampoli
Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy

The production of medical radioisotopes for theranostics is essential for the development of personalized nuclear medicine. Among them, radiometals can be used to label proteins and peptides and their supply in quantity and quality for clinical applications represents a challenge. A research program is ongoing at the Bern medical cyclotron, where a solid target station with a pneumatic delivery system is in operation. To bombard isotope-enriched materials in form of compressed powders, a specific target coin was realized. To assess the activity at EoB, a system based on a CZT detector was developed. For an optimized production yield with the required radio nuclide purity, precise knowledge of the cross-sections and of the beam energy is crucial. Specific methods were developed to assess these quantities. To further enhance the capabilities of solid target stations at medical cyclotrons, a novel irradiation system based on an ultra-compact ~50 cm long beam line and a two-dimensional beam monitoring detector is under development to bombard targets down to few mg and few mm diameter. The first results on the production of Ga-68, Cu-64, Sc-43, Sc-44 and Sc-47 are presented.

Slides TUA02 [37.771 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA02

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paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUA03

The Use of PSI’s IP2 Beam Line Towards Exotic Radionuclide Development and its Application Towards Proof-Of-Principle Preclinical and Clinical Studies

target, proton, radiation, positron

132

N.P. van der Meulen, R. Eichler, P.V. Grundler, R. Hasler, W. Hirzel, S. Joray, D.C. Kiselev, R. Sobbia, A. Sommerhalder, Z. Talip, H. Zhang
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
S. Braccini
AEC, Bern, Switzerland

Paul Scherrer Institute runs a High Intensity Proton Accelerator (HIPA) facility, where a maximum of 100 µA protons is gleaned from high intensity 72 MeV protons from Injector 2, a separated sector cyclotron, into the IP2 target station. These protons irradiate various targets towards the production of exotic radionuclides intended for medical purposes. Many radiometals in use today are for the diagnosis of disease, with the most popular means of detection being Positron Emission Tomography. These positron emitters are easily produced at low proton energies using medical cyclotrons, however, development at these facilities are lacking. The 72 MeV proton beam is degraded at IP2 using niobium to provide the desired energy to irradiate targets to produce the likes of 44Sc, 43Sc, 64Cu and 165Er*,**,***. Once developed, these proofs-of-principle are then put into practice at partner facilities. Target holders and degraders require development to optimize irradiation conditions and target cooling. Various options are explored, with pros and cons taken into consideration based on calculations and simulations.
* v/d Meulen et al., Nucl Med. Biol. (2015) 42: 745
** Domnanich et al., EJNMMI Radiopharm. Chemistry (2017) 2: 14
*** v/d Meulen et al., J Label Compd Radiopharm (2019) doi: 10.1002/jlcr.3730

Slides TUA03 [7.449 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA03

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paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUA04

Characterization of Neutron Leakage Field Coming from 18O(p, n)18F Reaction in PET Production Cyclotron

neutron, proton, detector, experiment

136

M. Schulc, M. Antos, F. Brijar, M. Cuhra, T. Czakoj, M. Košťál, E. Losa, V. Rypar, J. Simon, S. Vadjak
Nuclear Research Institute Řež plc, Řež, Czech Republic
F. Cvachovec
University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic
Z. Matej, F. Mravec
Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

This paper shows a new method for characterization of the secondary neutron field quantities, specifically neutron spectrum leaking from 18O enriched H₂O XL cylindrical target in IBA Cyclone 18/9 in the energy range of 1-15 MeV. Spectrum is measured by stilbene scintillation detector in different places. The neutron spectra are evaluated from the measured proton recoil spectra using deconvolution through maximum likelihood estimation. A leakage neutron field is an interesting option for irradiation experiments due to quite high flux, but also to the validation of high energy threshold reactions due to relatively high average energy. Measured neutron spectra are compared with calculations in MCNP6 model using TENDL-2017, FENDL-3, and default MCNP6 model calculations. TENDL-2017 and FENDL-3 libraries results differ significantly in the shape of the neutron spectrum for energies above 10 MeV while MCNP6 gives incorrect angular distributions. Activation measurements of different neutron induced reactions support characterization. The 18F production yield is in a good agreement with TENDL-2017 proton library calculation within respective uncertainties.

Slides TUA04 [2.286 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA04

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paper received ※ 05 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUB02

JINR PROJECTS of CYCLOTRON FOR PROTON THERAPY

cavity, proton, extraction, simulation

140

O. Karamyshev, K. Bunyatov, S. Gurskiy, G.A. Karamysheva, D.P. Popov, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov, V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
V. Malinin
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

Physical design of the compact superconducting cyclotron SC230 (91.5MHz) has been performed. The cyclotron can deliver up to 230 MeV beam for proton therapy and medico-biological research. As the cyclotron will have a relatively small magnet field, it is possible to use both superconducting and resistive coil. Besides a superconducting cyclotron we simulate design of the cyclotron with a conventional copper water-cooled coil. Such a solution allows us to achieve a lower price compared to superconducting options, but it becomes a bit heavier.

Slides TUB02 [8.397 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUB02

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUB04

On-Line Dynamic Beam Intensity Control in a Proton Therapy Cyclotron

controls, proton, power-supply, operation

148

S. Psoroulas, P. Fernandez Carmona, D. Meer, D.C. Weber
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
D.C. Weber
KRO, Bern, Switzerland
D.C. Weber
University of Zurich, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland

Modern proton therapy facilities use the pencil beam scanning (PBS) technique for the treatment of tumours: the beam is scanned through the tumour volume sequentially, i.e. stopping the beam at each position in the tumour for the amount of time necessary to deliver the prescribed dose for that position, and then moving to the next position (dose-driven delivery). This technique is robust against fluctuations in the beam current. Modern cyclotrons however offer very stable beam currents, and allow regulating the beam intensity online to match the requested beam intensity profile as a function of time (’time-driven’ delivery). To realise time-driven delivery at the COMET cyclotron at PSI*, we have designed a beam intensity controller** which is able to partially compensate for the non-linearity and the delay introduced by the physical limitations of the beam line elements and its drivers; this is particularly important when trying to achieve a very fast modulation of the beam, as required by the clinical plans. Experimental results have shown good performance for most current clinical scenarios, though we are investigating more advanced solutions for higher dose rates scenarios.
(*) Klimpki, G., et al. (2018). PMB, 63(14), 145006
(**) Fernandez Carmona, P., et al., (2018) Proceedings of PCaPAC2018, FRCC2

Slides TUB04 [10.992 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUB04

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paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP004

Integration of EtherCAT Hardware Into the EPICS Based Distributed Control System at iThemba LABS

controls, EPICS, hardware, software

152

J.K. Abraham, W. Duckitt
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa

iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences (iThemba LABS) has, over the past 30 years, carried out several upgrades to its control electronics and software. This culminated in the adoption of EPICS as the de-facto distributed control system at the lab. In order to meet the changing technology and user requirements, iThemba LABS adopted EtherCAT as its new industrial communication standard. Building on an open EtherCAT master implementation and prior community development, iThemba LABS has successfully integrated a variety of EtherCAT hardware into its EPICS control system. This paper presents the open source software toolchain that has been developed and is used at iThemba LABS and showcases several hardware installations at the facility and abroad. Community involvement and future plans for this initiative are also presented.

Poster TUP004 [2.679 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP004

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paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP006

The Injection and Chopper-Based System at Arronax C70XP Cyclotron

injection, experiment, solenoid, simulation

159

F. Poirier, F. Bulteau-harel, T. Durand, X. Goiziou, C. Koumeir, A. Sengar, H. Trichet
Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
G. Blain, M. Fattahi, F. Haddad, J. Vandenborre
SUBATECH, Nantes, France
S. Chiavassa, G. Delpon
ICO, Saint - Herblain, France
F. Poirier
CNRS - DR17, RENNES, France

Funding: This work has been, in part, supported by grants from the French National Agency for Research, Arronax-Plus n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004, IRON n°ANR-11-LABX-18-01 and Next n°ANR-16-IDEX-0007.
The multi-particle cyclotron of the Arronax Public Interest Group (GIP) is used to perform irradiation up to hundreds of µA on various experiments and targets. To support low and high average intensity usage and adapt the beam time structure required for high peak intensity operation and experiments such as pulsed experiments studies, it has been devised a pulsing system in the injection of the cyclotron. This system combines the use of a chopper, low frequency switch, and a control system based on the new extended EPICS network. This paper details the pulsing system adopted at Arronax, updates and results for various intensity experimental studies performed with alpha and proton beams. Updated work on the simulation of the injection is also shown, specifically towards high intensity future irradiation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP006

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP007

Operational Experience in the Treatment of Ocular Melanomas with a New Digital Low-level RF Control System

controls, LLRF, operation, resonance

162

T. Fanselow, J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, U. Hiller
HZB, Berlin, Germany
J.K. Abraham, J.L. Conradie, W. Duckitt
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa

Ocular melanomas have been treated for the last 20 years at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin in collaboration with the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin. However, parts of the initial control system electronics date back to the 1970s, when the machine was installed. Facing a critical shortage of legacy and obsolete components and with the down-time due to failures in the electronics on the increase, a decision was made to install the digital low-level RF control system, developed by iThemba LABS, on our K=132 cyclotron. A short description of the installation and commissioning process, which occurred in April 2017, and the experiences of the first 2 years of operation with the new digital low-level RF control system is presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP007

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paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP008

The Cyclotron TR-FLEX at the Center for Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

target, extraction, operation, proton

166

M. Kreller, T. Knieß
HZDR, Dresden, Germany
S. Preusche
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany

The new Center for Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research was established at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. to centralize the main units: a high current proton cyclotron, a radiopharmaceutical production – GMP unit including quality control, laboratories for PET-radiochemistry, chemical and biochemical laboratories and laboratories for small animal imaging. The cyclotron TR-Flex was put into operation in 2017 and it is equipped with two extraction ports. Both are movable to adjust the proton energy in the range from 15 MeV up to 30 MeV. One extraction port is coupled with a combination magnet and two beam lines. A [123I]I-gas target station is installed at the first beam line and a four-port target selector at beamline two and at the second extraction port. Two [18F]F-water targets, a [18F]F2-gas target, a [11C]CH₄-gas target, a [11C]CO₂-gas target, a 30° and a 90° solid state target are mounted on the target selectors. In our contribution we report our experience of the new cyclotron during the first two operation years. Typical beam parameters and the reliability of the TR-FLEX are presented. Furthermore we describe the new home-built Radionuclide Distribution System.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP008

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paper received ※ 18 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP009

Cyclotron Cavity Pollution Recovery

cavity, multipactoring, vacuum, electron

169

J. Dabin, B. Adant, P. Cailliau, K. Ellis, E. Forton, J. Mandrillon, T.S. Ponter, P. Verbruggen
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

In a cyclotron, RF cavities are usually among the most reliable subsystems, provided minimal care and maintenance. Nevertheless, several parameters may affect cavity performance after several years of operation. To name a few typical causes of degradation are: decreasing vacuum quality, various gas loads or gas qualities triggering adverse effects, deposition of highly emissive material on the cavity due to overheating of components like pass-through connectors, accidental use of chemicals or not-suitable greases. The cavity status can be monitored but, in the worst cases, the RF tuning may become difficult and it is important to apply methods in order to recover a better cavity Q-factor. In this paper, cases of cavity pollution will be shown, their potential root causes discussed and some recovery methods described.

Poster TUP009 [0.398 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP009

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paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP010

Buncher for the Optimization of the Injection of a 70 MeV Cyclotron

emittance, injection, simulation, ion-source

173

P. Antonini, A. Lombardi, M. Maggiore, L. Pranovi
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
L. Buriola
Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy

The design of an injection buncher for the 70 MeV cyclotron in use at LNL labs of INFN is under way. This buncher is to be installed between the ion source and the injection, to match the injected beam to the acceptance angle of the injection. The planned design is a 3/2 beta-λ double-gap driven with one or two harmonics of the 56 MHz RF frequency. Remotely-driven variable capacitors will be used for easy tuning of the matching box from the control system. The mechanical layout and simulations will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP010

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP011

Upgrade of the Central Region of the Superconducting Cyclotron at INFN-LNS

extraction, injection, simulation, acceleration

177

G. D’Agostino, L. Calabretta, D. Rifuggiato
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
W.J.G.M. Kleeven
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

The Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) at INFN-LNS is regularly operated with beam power up to 100 W. The present efforts in upgrading the cyclotron are directed towards an increase of beam power up to 10 kW for ions with mass number A < 40 and energies between 15 and 70 AMeV by means of increase of beam intensity. Moreover, a beam energy resolution of 0.1% is requested by the NUMEN project at INFN-LNS. We plan to achieve high beam power by increasing the efficiency of the injection and extraction processes. The current extraction efficiency is lower than 60%. We expect to increase it to a value close to 100% by extracting the specific ion beams by stripping and no longer by electrostatic deflectors. A spiral inflector is used to bent onto the median plane the ion beams produced by the two ECR ion sources. Including the effect of a drift buncher placed in the axial injection line, the current injection efficiency is about 15%. The study of an upgraded CS central region is ongoing at INFN-LNS. First results of simulation study aimed to increase the injection efficiency are presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP011

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paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP014

Deflecting System Upgrade Initial Simulations for 37 MeV Cyclotron at NPI Řež

extraction, septum, simulation, proton

185

T. Matlocha
NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic

NPI Řež U-120M multi-particle variable energy cyclotron system for positive ions extraction consists of three electrostatic deflectors, one active magnetic channel and an electromagnetic bump exciter. The deflectors transmission ratio for deuterons, alpha particles and Helium 3 ions is rather low, usually about 10%, for protons it is far below 5%. Based on an experience from other cyclotron laboratories, the general concept of the extraction system has been modified and the last two electrostatic deflectors were replaced with two magnetic channels. In the early stage of the upgrade, simulations were performed for protons at 28 MeV and Helium 3 ions at 44 MeV with and without the magnetic bump exciter. The extraction efficiency and beam losses along the extraction path are evaluated. The presented modified extraction system simulations suggest promising results. The total transmission ratio of the deflecting system has increased significantly, allowing work to continue and expect a positive final result.

Poster TUP014 [1.241 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP014

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP016

New Centering Beam Monitor for High Power Proton Beam Rotating Target

target, experiment, proton, operation

189

P.-A. Duperrex, P. Baumann, S. Joray, D.C. Kiselev, D. Laube, D. Reggiani
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The high intensity proton accelerator (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) delivers 590 MeV c.w. proton beam with currents of up to 2.4 mA, i.e. 1.4 MW beam power, For experiments of nuclear and material research the beam is directed to the 4 or 6 cm graphite 1 Hz rotating target (Target E). Centring the beam on the target is an important task for the operation and has safety issues in case of beam misalignment. Transmission monitoring has been the standard method to optimize the beam position on the target, though not very sensitive. A new method is currently being tested that provides a more sensitive off-axis detection. It is based on the detection of beam inten-sity modulation from the milled grooves at the target edge. This paper presents the concept and preliminary experimental results that can be obtained with this method.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP016

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP017

Manufacturing and Commissioning of Cyclotrons in a Series Production at Varian

MMI, extraction, radiation, proton

192

O. Boldt, M. Eichel, S. Lucht, L. Netterdon, A. Roth, M. Seher, T. Stephani, M. Wiesner
VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany

On 16th March 2019, Varian celebrated the 10th anniversary of first patient treatment in the Munich Proton Center, Germany. Since the first cyclotron installation, 22 more 250 MeV superconducting isochronous proton cyclotrons have successfully been manufactured, commissioned, and tested in our Troisdorf production line. During this process, an increasing experience with the cyclotron’s internal mechanisms and underlying physics allowed for a nowadays significant faster commissioning lead time without having changed the hardware setup substantially. Furthermore, we can already verify full clinical performance of each cyclotron in the factory test cells before delivery to the customer. Essential improvements in the areas of qualification of magnetic field configuration, RF conditioning, and beam commissioning are presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP017

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP019

Recent Extensions of JULIC for HBS Investigations

neutron, experiment, target, proton

195

O. Felden, N. Demary, N.-O. Fröhlich, R. Gebel, Y. Valdau
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
M. Rimmler
JCNS, Jülich, Germany

At the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) the energy variable cyclotron JULIC is used as injector of the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) and for low to medium current irradiations of different types. Recently a new target station was set up and is mainly used for tests of new target materials, neutron target development and neutron yield investigations with high power proton or deuteron beam in perspective of a high brilliance accelerator based neutron source (HBS) with the Jülich Center for Neutron Science. The neutrons are produced exposing material targets or compounds to proton or deuterium particles of relative low final particle energy in the MeV range and will be optimized for neutron scattering to be realized at reasonable costs. Beside this, ToF-experiments are performed to investigate and optimize the pulsing structure for HBS. The target station is installed inside an experimental area offering space for complex detector and component setups for nuclear and neutron related experiments. But it is used for other purposes like electronic or detector tests and irradiation as well. This report briefly summarizes the history of JULIC and the activities for its future perspectives.

Poster TUP019 [1.562 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP019

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP021

Towards FLASH Proton Irradiation at HZB

radiation, proton, target, experiment

202

G. Kourkafas, J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, T. Fanselow, J. Röhrich
HZB, Berlin, Germany
V.H. Ehrhardt, J. Gollrad, J. Heufelder, A. Weber
Charite, Berlin, Germany

The HZB cyclotron has been providing protons for eye-tumor treatment for more than 20 years. While it has been very successful using conventional dose rates (15-20 Gy/min), recent studies indicate that rapid irradiation with very high dose rates (FLASH) might be equally efficient against tumors but less harmful to healthy tissues. The flexible operation schemes of the HZB cyclotron can provide beams with variable intensities and time structures, covering a wide unexplored regime within the FLASH requirements (>40 Gy/s in <500 ms). This paper presents the results of the first FLASH beam production at HZB towards the establishment of an in-vivo clinical irradiation in the future.

Poster TUP021 [1.031 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP021

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paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP022

Status of a 70 MeV Cyclotron System for ISOL Driver of Rare Isotope Science Project in Korea

target, ISOL, vacuum, diagnostics

205

J.-W. Kim, J. Kang, J.H. Kim, T.S. Shin
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

A 70 MeV H⁻ cyclotron commercially available for medical isotope production will be used as an ISOL driver for rare isotope science project in Korea. The cyclotron is scheduled to be installed in 2021 for beam commissioning in the following year. In fact the building to house the cyclotron is currently almost complete so that the cyclotron system newly contracted needs to fit into the existing building, which brings some challenges in equipment installation and adaptation to utilities. Two beam lines to transport high-current proton beams into ISOL targets have been designed and are described along with other issues associated with the interface of the ISOL system.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP022

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paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP024

Muon Cyclotron for Transmission Muon Microscope

acceleration, flattop, cavity, extraction

208

T. Yamazaki, Y. Nagatani
KEK, Tokai Branch, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Adachi, Y. Miyake
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
A. Goto, J. Ohnishi
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
Y. Kumata, S. Kusuoka, T. Onda, H. Tsutsui
SHI, Tokyo, Japan

Funding: This work is supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP17H06126 and JP19H05194.
A transmission muon microscope is an unprecedented tool which enables its users to reconstruct 3D image of samples such as a living cell. Muons can gain penetrative power as their energy increase, though electrons above 1 MeV start to trigger electromagnetic showers and protons above 1 GeV cause nuclear reactions. Muons accelerated up to about 5 MeV are able to penetrate a living cell (~ 10 um), which is impossible with ultra-high voltage (1 MeV) electron microscopes. In order to accelerate muons, efficient acceleration is necessary because the lifetime of muons is only 2.2 us. In addition, it is important to accelerate muons without increasing their energy dispersion. A cyclotron with a flat-top acceleration system is the best suited for the transmission muon microscope and is being developed at the J-PARC muon facility (MUSE). In this poster, the transmission muon microscope project and the development of the muon cyclotron will be presented.

Poster TUP024 [1.366 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP024

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paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP025

Feasibility Study for Converting the CS-30 Into a Variable Energy Cyclotron for Isotopes Production Using the Internal Target System

target, radiation, proton, extraction

212

H.A. Kassim
KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
H.F. Akhdar
Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
F.M. Alrumayan, A.M. Hendy
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP Strategic Technologies Program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, award no. 14-MAT-1233-20.
This paper reports a method to reduce the beam energy of the CS-30 cyclotron from 26.5 up to 10 MeV using the internal target system in CS-30 cyclotrons for isotopes production. Irradiation of solid targets, in this type of cyclotrons, take place when the target is positioned horizontally inside the cyclotron tank. In its final position, the target plate interrupts the beam from completing its orbit and nuclear reactions take place. Calculations are made to determine the beam energy as a function of radius. Verification of the new method was achieved by producing pure Ga-68 at an energy level of 11.5 MeV.
[1] Gordon, M. M., Calculation of isochronous fields for sector-focused cyclotrons, Part. Accel., 13 (1983) 67-84
[2] Smith, Lloyd, ORBIT DYNAMICS IN THE SPIRAL-RIDGED CYCLOTRON, (2010)
[3] Kleeven, W. J. G. M., Theory of accelerated orbits and space charge effects in an AVF cyclotron Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, (1988)DOI: 10.6100/IR288492

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TUP026

Embedded Local Controller for the CS-30 Cyclotron

controls, radiation, ISOL, interface

215

A.M. Hendy, F.M. Alrumayan
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
H.A. Kassim
KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP Strategic Technologies Program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, award no. 14-MAT-1233-20.
The Embedded Local Controller is used for the purpose of upgrading our old CS-30 cyclotron control system. It is installed inside the cyclotron vault and connected to the control room using CAN serial bus. This is to avoid adding more wires from cyclotron vault to the outside, because there is no room for extra wires in the feedthrough conduits. The system is carefully designed to be fault tolerant so that it can run in a radiation environment without failure. Details of the design and field test results are presented.

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TUP029

A 15-Mev/nucleon Iso-Cyclotron for Security and Radioisotope Production

extraction, cavity, acceleration, injection

223

C. Johnstone
PAC, Batavia, Illinois, USA
R.B. Agustsson, S. Boucher, S.V. Kutsaev, A.Yu. Smirnov
RadiaBeam, Marina del Rey, California, USA
R.C. Lanza
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Funding: Work supported by US Dept of Energy under a Small Business Innovation Research Grant
Cargo inspection systems exploit the broad bremsstrahlung spectrum from a 6-10 MeV, low-duty cycle electron accelerator which in the presence of significant backgrounds presents challenges in image and material identification. An alternative approach is to use ions which can excite nuclear states either directly, or through generation of secondary high-energy signature gammas produced from nuclear interactions in a target. RadiaBeam is designing a compact sector isocyclotron 1.25 m in radius, with high-gradient cavities to accelerate multi-ion species up to 15-20 MeV/u with large turn-to turn, centimeter-level separation for low-loss extraction without lossy foil stripping. A strong-focusing radial field profile will be optimized in a separated-sector format for control over machine tune simultaneous with isochronous orbist requirements for high-current (~0.5 milliamp) operation. Innovation in injection will be introduced to replace the high-loss central region. Non-security applications of the cyclotron include medical isotope production, ion radiobiology, as well as material science research and ion instrumentation development.

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paper received ※ 19 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP030

Reinforcement Learning Based RF Control System for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

controls, resonance, network, cavity

227

H.S. Kim, J.-S. Chai, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, J.C. Lee, H. Namgoong
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Funding: Radiation Technology R&D program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning through the National Research Foundation of Korea
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is a powerful method for separating rare isotopes and electrostatic type tandem accelerators have been widely used. At SungKyunKwan University, we are developing a AMS that can be used in a small space with higher resolution based on cyclotron. In contrast to the cyclotron used in conventional PET or proton therapy, the cyclotron-based AMS is characterized by high turn number and low dee voltage for high resolution. It is designed to accelerate not only 14C but also 13C or 12C. The AMS cyclotron RF control model has nonlinear characteristics due to the variable beam loading effect due to the acceleration of various particles and injected sample amounts. In this work, we proposed an AMS control system based on reinforcement learning. The proposed reinforcement learning finds the target control value in response to the environment through the learning process. We have designed a reinforcement learning based controller with RF system as an environment and verified the reinforcement learning based controller designed through the modeled cavity.

Poster TUP030 [0.527 MB]

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TUP031

Design and Construction Progress of Cyclotron Based Proton Irradiation Facility for Space Science

proton, radiation, ion-source, cavity

230

Y.L. Lv, S. An, T. Cui, T. Ge, B. Ji, X.L. Jia, S.L. Wang, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The proton irradiation facility for space science research and application consists of a 50 MeV proton cyclotron, two beam lines and two radiation effect simulation experimental target station. The 50 MeV proton cyclotron (CYCIAE-50) is a compact negative hydrogen ion cyclotron with the proton beam energy from 30 MeV to 50 MeV, and the beam intensity is from 10 nA to 10 uA. The cyclotron is about 3.2 m in diameter, 3.5 m in total height and 80 tons in total weight. The diameter of the pole is 2000 mm, the outer diameter of the yoke is 3200 mm, and the height of magnet is 1500 mm. The cyclotron uses an external multi-cusp H⁻ ion source. Then the H⁻ beam is injected into the accelerating orbit by the spiral inflector. The cyclotron frequency is about 16 MHz. The RF system is a pair of λ/2 RF cavities driven by a 25 kW transmitter. The fourth harmonic accelerating frequency is about 65 MHz. The proton beam is extracted by a single movable stripping carbon foil with the stripping extraction efficiency of 99%. The 50 MeV cyclotron has now been designed in detail, and its main components, such as the main magnets and RF cavities, are being manufactured in the factories in China.

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP033

Concept of 15 Mev Cyclotron for Medical Isotopes Production

vacuum, proton, cavity, acceleration

233

O. Karamyshev
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The purpose of this article is to show the prospects of cyclotrons with resistive coils and prove that even in such a well-established field there is still room for innovation. The concept of a 15 MeV cyclotron accelerating HÂ¯ ions with a current of up to 1 mA is presented. The design features significantly lower weight and power consumption, compared to the majority of existing cyclotrons of the same energy.

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TUP035

Development of a Center Region for New Sumitomo Cyclotron

ion-source, proton, cathode, extraction

240

N. Kamiguchi, M. Hirabayashi, J. Kanakura, Y. Kumata, Y. Mikami, H. Murata, H. Oda, T. Tachikawa, T. Takahashi, T. Tsurudome, H. Tsutsui, J.Y. Yoshida
SHI, Kanagawa, Japan

We, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., have been developing a new AVF cyclotron which employs a super-conducting magnet. This cyclotron purposes proton therapy fields and is most compact and high intensity among AVF cyclotrons which can accelerate to 230 MeV. In this paper we report and focus on its center region. The center region consists of bellows. The PIG ion source with hot cathode is located at the center of the cyclotron. As this cyclotron has 3 T magnetic field, the filament receives the Lorentz force strongly. To avoid the filament deformation, AC current heating is newly introduced into this ion source. The over 40 µA output have been already confirmed in our test bench. The extraction of the proton beam is conducted with an RF electric field. On one counter dee electrode a beam chopper is equipped and on the other counter dee electrode, phase slits, a pair of vertical beam dumpers and a beam probe are equipped. To control the beam current, static electric beam choppers deflect the beam direction vertically. C-H coils are put on outside of the center region in the valley. In this paper, the concept of the center region of this new cyclotron will be discussed.

Poster TUP035 [1.416 MB]

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TUP036

Optical Design of AVF Weak-Focusing Accelerator

extraction, septum, focusing, resonance

242

C. Hori, T. Aoki, T. Seki
Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki-ken, Japan
T. Hae, H. Hiramoto
Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi Research Laboratory, Ibaraki-ken, Japan

A trend in proton beam therapy systems is downsizing their footprints. A larger main magnetic field for the downsizing, however, requires a septum magnet to generate a larger magnetic field for beam extraction. In order to relax the specification of the septum magnet, we consider an azimuthally varying field (AVF) weak-focusing accelerator. The magnetic fields of its hills and valleys can be designed while maintaining the average magnetic fields over the design orbits. Thus, by locating the septum magnet near one of the valleys, the specification is relaxed while keeping the footprint of the accelerator. In this study, we show an optical design of an AVF weak-focusing accelerator with cotangential orbits. The magnetic field in the valleys is smaller than the average magnetic field over the maximum energy orbit by 0.2 T. We evaluate gradient magnetic fields required for beam extraction and find the possibility of variable energy extraction by the static gradient fields.

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TUC01

Review and Current Status of the 70 MeV High Intensity Proton Cyclotron at Legnaro

operation, target, proton, MMI

248

M. Maggiore, P. Antonini, A. Lombardi, L. Pranovi
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
Z. Filipovski
UI PET, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia

In 2017 the new cyclotron has been successfully commissioned and started the operation at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL) of INFN . The cyclotron is the proton driver foreseen for the Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) project, providing the high power beam for radioactive ion beams (RIBs) production by the ISOL technique. The SPES facility is today under construction and first low energy RIBs are expected to be available on 2021. The facility has been designed in order to exploit the versatility of the cyclotron in terms of wide range of energy and beam current extracted: 35-70 MeV energy and 20 nA - 500 µA of average current. Moreover, the possibility to extract at the same time two proton beams allows to share these both for experimental physics session and applications. In particular, at LNL a collaboration between private company and public institution will lead to a profitable synergy in R&D of new radioisotopes and the related production. In the session the results of the commissioning and the operation of cyclotron will be presented as well as the description of the SPES facility together with its potentiality in nuclear physics research and applications.

Slides TUC01 [14.176 MB]

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TUC02

Status of the HZB Cyclotron

radiation, proton, controls, experiment

253

A. Denker, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, T. Fanselow, D. Hildebrand, U. Hiller, I. Kailouh, G. Kourkafas, S. Ozierenski, C. Rethfeldt, J. Röhrich, S. Seidel, C. Zimmer
HZB, Berlin, Germany
D. Cordini, J. Heufelder, R. Stark, A. Weber
Charite, Berlin, Germany

For more than 20 years eye tumours are treated in collaboration with the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. The close co-operation between Charité and HZB permits joint interdisciplinary research. Irradiations with either a sharp, well focused or a broad beam, either in vacuum or in air are possible. In addition, a 60Co-source for gamma-irradiations is available. Experiments now comprise dosimetry, detector comparisons, ambulant mouse irradiations, including class I gene-modified mice. Furthermore, radiation hardness tests on detectors, CCD-cameras and other electronics are performed. In order to improve the beam diagnosis between the 2 MV injector Tandetron and the cyclotron a harp has been installed, leading to new beam line calculations for the injection line. The accelerator operation for therapy as well as on-going experiments and results will be presented.

Slides TUC02 [1.965 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUC02

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paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUC03

AGOR Status Report

radiation, operation, experiment, controls

256

B.N. Jones, S. Brandenburg, M.-J. van Goethem
KVI-CART, Groningen, The Netherlands

Funding: Work supported by EU Horizon 2020 (contract nrs. 654002; 730983) and the Dutch Cancer Foundation KWF project 11766)
TThe operations of the superconducting cyclotron AG-OR over the past years will be reviewed. Reliability issues encountered after nearly 25 years of operation and mitigation measures to warrant reliable operation for the coming decade will be discussed. The research performed with AGOR has significantly shifted from fundamental physics to radiation biology and medical radiation physics, both in collaboration with the Groningen Proton Therapy Center, and radiation hardness studies. The radiation biology research will be substantially expanded in the coming years with a new beam line for image guided preclinical research. For this research new dose delivery modalities including scanning, spatial fractionation and very high dose rates are developed. In addition a new program has been started on the production of exotic nuclei, for which a new superconducting solenoid fragment separator will be developed. For the radiation hardness testing a cocktail beam at 30 MeV/amu with several ion species up to Xe has been developed and is now routinely delivered for experiments. A cocktail at 15 MeV/amu up to Bi is under development.

Slides TUC03 [4.632 MB]

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TUC04

Status of the Cyclotron Facility at Research Center for Nuclear Physics

proton, operation, ion-source, neutron

259

H. Kanda, M. Fukuda, S. Hara, T. Hara, K. Hatanaka, K. Kamakura, H.W. Koay, S. Morinobu, Y. Morita, M. Nakao, K. Omoto, T. Saito, K. Takeda, H. Tamura, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University operates a K140 AVF cyclotron and a K400 ring cyclotron and promotes the nuclear physics, accelerator physics, material science, nuclear medicine and related scientific fields. In the recent years, we operated the CAGRA campaign and Grand-RAIDEN+CAGRA campaign experiments* for taking advantage of the low background environment of the RCNP experimental halls and the high quality beams. We have successfully completed the low energy muon beam line, MuSIC**. We have been carrying out a program of the upgrade of the K140 AVF cyclotron which continued working since 1973. We aim at 10 times higher intensity for the proton beam than before and further stability of the operation. We also carried out the upgrade of the cyclotron building and related facilities to handle beams with higher intensity. From 2019, the RCNP started the Research Center of Subatomic Sciences as the International Joint Usage/Research Center in Japan. These upgrades are the most important programs to extend the function of the newly established center.
*E. Ideguchi, SSNET’17 - Abstracts and slides, (p. 1990). France, (2017).
**D. Tomono, PoS(NuFact2017) 111, (2018).

Slides TUC04 [8.696 MB]

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WEA02

The Developments of the RF System Related to the K-800 Superconducting Cyclotron Upgrade

extraction, cavity, acceleration, LLRF

262

A.C. Caruso, L. Calabretta, G. Costa, G. Gallo, A. Longhitano, D. Rifuggiato, A. Spartà, G. Torrisi, E. Zappalà
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

The K-800 superconducting cyclotron has been in operation at Laboratori Nazionali del Sud for almost 25 years. It has been subjected to continuous upgrades and modifications since 1994: the RF couplers have been redesigned, the new dees have been changed from aluminium to copper, as has the new central region from radial to axial injection of the beam, the hybrid configuration solid state - tube of the power amplifiers, the digital LLRF, etc. The next scheduled important upgrade of the Cyclotron mainly consists in a new extraction beam line able to support the increase of the beam current intensity. The accelerated beam will be extracted in two ways: by stripper and by electrostatic deflector and, consequently, one of the most important features of the new upgrade is the new cryostat. Further upgrades and refurbishments of the other main parts of the cyclotron, such as a new liner, the modification of the RF cavities and dees, the refurbishment of HLRF-LLRF, the insertion of the stripper extraction system, to name but a few, are in progress, too. This work focuses on the RF system upgrade.

Slides WEA02 [10.816 MB]

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WEB01

Status of FFAs (Modelling and Existing/planned Machines)

lattice, synchrotron, focusing, proton

266

J.-B. Lagrange, D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida, C.R. Prior, C.T. Rogers
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

Since their rebirth two decades ago, great progress has been made in Fixed Field alternating gradient Accelerator (FFA) design, with different optical concepts and technological developments. Several machines have been built, and others are planned. The talk will review the recent progress around the world.

Slides WEB01 [7.965 MB]

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WEB03

Factors Influencing the Vortex Effect in High-Intensity Cyclotrons

bunching, space-charge, acceleration, simulation

270

C. Baumgarten
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

We discuss factors that have potential influence on the space charge induced vortex motion of particles within high intensity bunches (curling of bunches, Gordon 1969) in isochronous cyclotrons. The influence of the phase slip due to deviations from strict isochronism determines if the bunches of a specific turn are above, below or at "transition", and hence whether stable vortex motion of the bunches is possible at all. Secondly there are possible longitudinal and transverse effects of rf acceleration, the former depending on the bunch phase ("bunching" or "debunching"), the latter depending on the gradient of the accelerating voltage. High accelerating voltages in the first turns call the applicability of adiabatic approximations and analytic methods into question. The influence of the rf acceleration is expected to be significant only at low beam energy, i.e. should have small or even negligible effect beyond the central region of compact machines.

Slides WEB03 [1.145 MB]

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paper received ※ 16 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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WEB04

BDSIM Simulation of the Complete Radionuclide Production Beam Line from Beam Splitter to Target Station at the PSI Cyclotron Facility

simulation, proton, septum, target

275

H. Zhang, R. Eichler, J. Grillenberger, W. Hirzel, S. Joray, D.C. Kiselev, J.M. Schippers, J. Snuverink, R. Sobbia, A. Sommerhalder, Z. Talip, N.P. van der Meulen
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
L.J. Nevay
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
L.J. Nevay
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom

The beam line for radionuclide production on the PSI Cyclotron Facility starts with an electrostatic beam splitter, which peels protons of a few tens of microampere from a beam around two milliampere. The peeled beam is then guided onto a target station for routine production of a variety of radionuclides [1]. Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM), a Geant4 based simulation tool, enables the simulation of not only beam transportation through optics elements like dipoles and quadrupoles, but also particle passage through components like collimator and degrader [2-3]. Furthermore, BDSIM facilitates user built elements with accompanying electromagnetic field, which is essential for the modeling of the first element of the beam line, the electrostatic beam splitter. With a model including all elements from beam splitter to target, BDSIM simulation delivers a better specification of the beam along the complete line, for example, beam profile, beam transmission, energy spectrum, as well as power deposit, which is of importance not only for present operation but also for further development.
REFERENCES
[1] M. Olivo and H. W. Reist, Proc. EPAC’88, Rome, Italy, June 1988, pp. 1300-1302.
[2] www.pp.rhul.ac.uk/bdsim
[3] S. Agostinelli, et al, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A(3) 250-303.

Slides WEB04 [4.761 MB]

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WEC01

Conceptual Design of Central Region for High-Temperature Superconducting Skeleton Cyclotron (HTS-SC)

injection, space-charge, extraction, neutron

279

H.W. Koay, M. Fukuda, H. Kanda, M. Nakao, T. Yorita
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

A compact high-current accelerator is highly desirable for short and effective Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) as well as radioisotopes production in a hospital environment. In accordance with this, a compact high-temperature superconducting skeleton cyclotron (HTS-SC) was proposed. HTS-SC is an air-core K-80 cyclotron with a relatively small extraction radius of 40 cm for a 50 MeV H⁺ and 40 MeV D⁺ beam. Owing to its compactness, a relatively high central magnetic field (>2.4 T) remains as a significant challenge for high current injection. This work describes a preliminary study of the injection using a spiral inflector and the central region design of the HTS-SC. Besides, the transverse beam dynamics are also discussed in order to investigate the upper limit of injection current.

Slides WEC01 [3.191 MB]

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THA01

Precise Modelling and Large Scale Multiobjective Optimisation of Cyclotrons

simulation, framework

284

J. Snuverink, A. Adelmann, C. Baumgarten, M. Frey
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The usage of numerical models to study the evolution of particle beams is an essential step in the design process of particle accelerators. However, uncertainties of input quantities such as beam energy and magnetic field lead to simulation results that do not fully agree with measurements. Hence the machine will behave differently compared to the simulations. In case of cyclotrons such discrepancies affect the overall turn pattern or alter the number of turns. Inaccuracies at the PSI Ring cyclotron that may harm the isochronicity are compensated by 18 trim coils. Trim coils are often absent in simulations or their implementation is simplistic. A realistic trim coil model within the simulation framework OPAL is presented. It was used to match the turn pattern of the PSI Ring. Due to the high-dimensional search space consisting of 48 simulation input parameters and 182 objectives (i.e. turns) simulation and measurement cannot be matched in a straightforward manner. Instead, an evolutionary multi-objective optimisation with more than 8000 simulations per iteration together with a local search approach was applied that reduced the maximum error to 4.5 mm over all 182 turns.

Slides THA01 [6.834 MB]

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THA03

React Automation Studio: A New Face to Control Large Scientific Equipment

EPICS, controls, GUI, interface

285

W. Duckitt, J.K. Abraham
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa

A new software platform to enable the control of large scientific equipment through EPICS has been designed. The system implements a modern tool chain with a React frontend and a PyEpics backend as a progressive web application. This enables efficient and responsive cross platform and cross device operation. A general overview of React Automation Studio as well as the system architecture, implementation at iThemba LABs, community involvement and future plans for the system is presented.

Slides THA03 [276.798 MB]

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THB01

Review of High Power Cyclotrons and Their Applications

cavity, proton, experiment, acceleration

289

L. Calabretta, D. Rifuggiato
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
M. Maggiore
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

An incomplete review of existing machines and of present new projects of high power cyclotrons is here presented. Both high energy and low/medium energy cyclotrons will be described. Specific requests for different fields of applications are also discussed.

Slides THB01 [11.837 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB01

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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THB02

Production of 70 MeV Proton Beam in a Superconducting Cyclotron

proton, extraction, acceleration, focusing

294

V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Production of 70 MeV proton beams with help of a cyclotron-type facility is one of highly requested tasks presently. Such beams are used for medical applications including direct tumor irradiation and also for production of medical isotopes. The applications mentioned above dictate corresponding requirements imposed on the beam quality and intensity. For proton therapy treatment it is sufficient to have 300-600 nA output beam current with rather strict tolerance on the transverse beam quality. On the other hand, for the isotope production the major requirement is high enough beam intensity (hundreds µA) with less demanding beam quality. Nowadays, for production of the proton beams in the energy range considered cyclotrons with resistive coil weighting ~200 tons are mostly used. In these cyclotrons two extraction methods - with electrostatic deflector and with stripping foils - can provide somewhat different quality of the output beam. In given report a possibility of using a superconducting cyclotron instead of room-temperature one is considered. To this end, acceleration of various ions was investigated with analysis of the main facility parameters and resulting output beams.

Slides THB02 [2.733 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB02

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paper received ※ 06 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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THB03

Conceptual Design of TR¹⁰⁰⁺: An Innovative Superconducting Cyclotron for Commercial Isotopes Production

proton, extraction, acceleration, electron

298

Y.-N. Rao, R.A. Baartman, Y. Bylinskii, T. Planche, L.G. Zhang
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

Utilizing dedicated cyclotrons to produce medical isotopes is an arising technology in hospitals across Canada. Thus, in January 2015, the CycloMed99 team, led by TRIUMF, demonstrated a breakthrough in producing the world’s most highly used medical isotope, technetium-99m (Tc-99m), on existing medical cyclotrons. Now we propose to design an innovative superconducting cyclotron for production of commercially valuable radioisotopes. This project will be focusing on a proton energy of 70-150 MeV and proton current of 2 mA. In this energy range, numerous increasingly demanded radioÂnuclides can be produced, either as parent nuclei for generator use, or directly as a active pharmaceutical ingredient, e.g. Strontium-82 (Sr-82), Actinium-235 (Ac-235) and Bismuth-213 (Bi-213). Our machine shall be designed to accelerate H²⁺, by injection from external ion source and extraction by stripping. This shall allow to simultaneously extract multiple cw proton beams of variable currents and potentially variable energies to multiple experimental stations with extremely high extraction efficiency. The basic parameters of the machine and the simulations of stripping extraction will be presented.

Slides THB03 [3.030 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB03

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paper received ※ 17 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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THB04

Development of a Transparent Profiler Based on Secondary Electrons Emission for Charged Particle Beams

radiation, electron, proton, detector

302

C. Thiebaux, Y. Geerebaert, F. Magniette, P. Manigot, M. Verderi
LLR, Palaiseau, France
G. Blain, F. Haddad, N. Michel, N. Servagent, T. Sounalet
SUBATECH, Nantes, France
B. Boyer, E. Delagnes, F.T. Gebreyohannes, O. Gevin
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
F. Haddad, C. Koumeir, F. Poirier
Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France

Funding: This study is supported by three programs of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-17-CE31-0015, ANR- 11-EQPX-0004 and the LABEX P2IO.
The PEPITES project* aims at realizing an operational prototype of an ultra-thin, radiation-resistant profiler able to permanently operate on mid-energy (O(100 MeV)) charged particle accelerators. PEPITES uses secondary electron emission (SEE) for the signal because it requires only a minimal thickness of material (10 nm); very linear, it also offers a great dynamic. The lateral beam profile is sampled using segmented electrodes, constructed by thin film methods. Gold strips, as thin as the electrical conductivity allows (~ 50 nm), are deposited on an as thin as possible insulating substrate. When crossing the gold, the beam ejects the electrons by SEE, the current thus formed in each strip allows the sampling. The technique was validated at ARRONAX with 68 MeV proton beams for intensities from 100 fA to 10 nA. SEE is characterized up to 100 nA at ARRONAX and medical energies at CPO**. Electrodes were subjected to doses of up to 10⁹ Gy without showing significant degradation. A demonstrator with dedicated electronics (CEA) will be installed at ARRONAX and used routinely. The performances of the system and its behavior over time will thus be characterized.
*LLR, ARRONAX cyclotron and CEA
**Orsay Protontherapy Center (Institut Curie)

Slides THB04 [16.785 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB04

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paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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THC01

SHE Factory: Cyclotron Facility for Super Heavy Elements Research

experiment, factory, ECR, acceleration

305

I.V. Kalagin, S.L. Bogomolov, S.N. Dmitriev, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, G.N. Ivanov, N.Yu. Kazarinov, M.V. Khabarov, Y.T. Oganessian, N.F. Osipov, S.V. Pashchenko, V.A. Semin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
V.K. Utyonkov, A.V. Yeremin
JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia

The synthesis of heavy and the heaviest elements and the study of their nuclear and chemical properties are of highest priority in the basic research programme of the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions. The synthesis of super heavy elements (SHE) with atomic numbers 113-118 has been achieved in the 48Ca-induced reactions. The International Unions of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and Chemistry (IUPAC) recognized the priority of Dubna in the discovery of elements 114-118. The seventh period of the Periodic Table has been completed. In accordance with the development program, the first in the world SHE Factory was built at the Laboratory on the basis of the new DC280 cyclotron which was commissioned in 2019. DC-280 has to provide intensities up to 10 pmkA for ions with atomic masses over 50. The main task of the Factory is the synthesis of new chemical elements with atomic numbers 119 and higher, as well as a detailed study of the nuclear and chemical properties of previously discovered superheavy elements. The Factory are being equipped with target materials, new separators and detectors for the study of the nuclear, atomic and chemical properties of the new elements.

Slides THC01 [15.662 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THC01

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paper received ※ 11 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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THC02

First Beams Produced by the Texas A&M University Radioactive-Beam Upgrade

ECR, ECRIS, target, injection

310

D.P. May, J.E. Ärje, B.T. Roeder, A. Saastamoinen
Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA
F.P. Abegglen, H.L. Clark, G.J. Kim, G. Tabacaru
Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA

Funding: United States Department of Energy, Grant DE-FG02-93ER40773
The first test beams of radioactive ions produced by the ion-guide-on-line (IGOL) system coupled to the charge-breeding electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (CB-ECRIS) have been accelerated to high energy by the Texas A&M K500 cyclotron. The radioactive ions were first produced by energetic protons, provided by the K150 cyclotron, impinging on foil targets. Low charge-state ions were then swept by a flow of helium gas into an rf-only sextupole ion guide (SPIG) which transports them into the plasma of the CB-ECRIS. The K500 cyclotron and beam-line transport were tuned with analog beam before tuning the radioactive beam.

Slides THC02 [2.782 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THC02

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paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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THC03

Design of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Based on a Cyclotron

controls, resonance, ion-source, network

314

H. Namgoong, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

In this paper, we present a cyclotron-based accelerator mass spectrometry system. Conventional AMS systems use tandem accelerators for generating carbon-14 beams. We have developed an ion source, RF buncher, cyclotron, triplet quadrupole, detector and dipole magnet for an AMS system.

Slides THC03 [9.741 MB]

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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THD02

Central Region Upgrade for the Jyväskylä K130 Cyclotron

injection, ECR, ECRIS, emittance

326

T. Kalvas, P.M.T. Heikkinen, H.A. Koivisto
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
E. Forton, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, J. Mandrillon, V. Nuttens
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

The Jyväskylä K130 cyclotron has been in operation for more than 25 years providing beams from H to Au with energies ranging from 1 to 80 MeV/u for nuclear physics research and applications. At the typical energies around 5 MeV/u used for the nuclear physics program the injection voltage used is about 10 kV. The low voltage limits the beam intensity especially from the 18 GHz ECRIS HIISI. To increase the beam intensities the central region of the K130 cyclotron is being upgraded by increasing the injection voltage by a factor of 2. The new central region with spiral inflectors for harmonics 1-3 has been designed. The new central region shows better transmission in simulations than the original one for all harmonics and especially for h=2 typically used for nuclear physics. The engineering design for the new central region is being done.

Slides THD02 [12.967 MB]

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 27 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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THD03

An Improved Concept for Self-Extraction Cyclotrons

extraction, ion-source, simulation, site

330

W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E. Forton
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

A study is made for an improved concept of self-extraction in low and medium energy cyclotrons to be used for production of medical isotopes. The prototype of the self-extracting cyclotron was realized around the year 2001*. From this machine, currents higher than 1 mA were extracted and transported to a Pd-10³ production target. However, at the higher intensities, the extraction efficiency was dropping to about 70-75%, and the extracted emittance was rather poor, leading to additional losses in the beamline. Several improvements of the original concept are proposed: i) the beam coherent oscillation (as needed for good extraction) is no longer generated with harmonic coils, but is obtained from a significant off-centring of the ion source, ii) the cyclotron magnet has perfect 2-fold symmetry, allowing the placement of two internal sources and dual extraction on two opposite hill sectors, iii) a substantial improvement of the magnetic profile of the hill sectors. Simulations show an extraction efficiency up to almost 95% and emittances at least a factor 3 lower as compared to the original design. The new magnetic design is shown, and results of beam simulation are discussed.
* W. Kleeven et al., 16th Int. Conf. Cycl. Appl. 2001, East-Lansing.

Slides THD03 [4.060 MB]

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paper received ※ 19 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 27 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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FRA01

A New Solution for Cost Effective, High Average Power (2 GeV, 6 MW) Proton Accelerator and its R&D Activities

FFAG, cavity, resonance, proton

334

T.J. Zhang, S. An, T.J. Bian, F.P. Guan, M. Li, S. Pei, C. Wang, F. Wang, Z.G. Yin
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The 100 MeV compact cyclotron, CYCIAE-100 was approved to start the construction in 2011, and the first proton beam was extracted on July 4, 2014. In 2017, the 200 µA proton beam development was conducted, and in 2018, the production of high power beam from 20 kW to 52 kW had been delivered successfully to the beam dump. Due to the successful construction of 435 tons magnet for CYCIAE-100, it has been proved that the gradient adjustment of magnetic field along radius can effectively enhance the vertical focusing during the isochronous acceleration. This key technology was applied to the general design of a 2 GeV CW proton accelerator, the energy limitation of the isochronous machine is increased from ~1 GeV to 2 GeV, by our contribution of the beam dynamics study for high energy isochronous FFAG. This paper will introduce CIAE’s engineering experience of precision magnet, high power RF systems, and the advantages of beam dynamics simulation based on large-scale parallel computing. The cost-effective solution for such a 2 GeV high power circular accelerator complex will be presented in detail after the brief introduction about the high power proton beam production by the CYCIAE-100.

Slides FRA01 [19.669 MB]

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2020 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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FRA02

Current Status of Sumitomo’s Superconducting Cyclotron Development for Proton Therapy

extraction, cavity, proton, ion-source

340

H. Tsutsui, Y. Arakawa, Y. Ebara, A. Hashimoto, M. Hirabayashi, T. Hirayama, N. Kamiguchi, J. Kanakura, Y. Kumata, Y. Mikami, H. Mitsubori, T. Miyashita, T. Morie, H. Murata, H. Oda, H. Ookubo, T. Sakemi, M. Sano, T. Tachikawa, T. Takahashi, K. Taki, T. Tsurudome, T. Watanabe, J.Y. Yoshida
SHI, Tokyo, Japan

Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. is developing a com-pact superconducting isochronous 230 MeV cyclotron for proton therapy. It is designed to produce 1000 nA proton beams for high dose rate cancer treatment. The cyclotron magnet, which includes a liquid-helium-free cryostat, has been fabricated and the magnetic field has been measured. Magnetic field distribution and pa-rameters such as horizontal and vertical tunes agreed well with the original design. A 120 kW solid-state RF system is being tested. Other components such as the ion source and electrostatic deflector are being fabricated. After the testing of individual components, they will be assembled and beam testing will be scheduled at a new test site.

Slides FRA02 [8.556 MB]

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paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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FRA03

Energy Reduction of Varian’s ProBeam 250 MeV Cyclotron to 226 MeV

extraction, proton, MMI, simulation

344

A. Roth, E.M. Akcöltekin, O. Boldt, F. Klarner, H. Röcken, T. Stephani, J.C. Wittschen
VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany

With its superconducting 250 MeV isochronous proton cyclotron AC250, Varian uses a powerful accelerator for the ProBeam particle therapy systems. However, data from clinical operation has shown that the vast majority of treatments is only making use of proton ranges of less than 30 cm WET (water equivalent thickness), i.e. beam energy of 218 MeV at the patient. This led to a decision at Varian in Dec 2018 to conduct a redesign program with the goal to reduce extraction energy of the ProBeam cyclotron to 226 MeV. We present beam dynamics simulations for the AC226 beam acceleration and extraction. They actually show that only a reduced main coil current and adapted magnetic shimming process, as well as a slightly lower RF frequency is needed for re-tune. Furthermore, results indicate that a similar performance as compared to the AC250 can be expected. A first of its kind (FOIK) AC226 cyclotron is built by seamless integration into Varian’s production process. The magnetic field measurement and shimming is completed, in-house RF and beam commissioning is planned for autumn 2019. We report on the status of the FOIK machine.

Slides FRA03 [4.697 MB]

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paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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FRB01

Designing Cyclotrons and Fixed Field Accelerators From Their Orbits

closed-orbit, FFAG, injection, status

353

T. Planche
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

Funding: TRIUMF receives funding via a contribution agreement with the National Research Council of Canada.
The transverse motion of particles in fixed field accelerators with mid-plane symmetry is entirely determined by the properties of the closed orbits. In this study I exploit this property to produce a variety of isochronous magnetic distributions. All the results presented in this paper are verified using cyclops simulations

Slides FRB01 [1.367 MB]

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paper received ※ 23 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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FRB02

FLNR JINR Accelerator Complex for Applied Physics Researches: State-of-Art and Future

radiation, heavy-ion, electron, experiment

358

S.V. Mitrofanov, P.Yu. Apel, V. Bashevoy, V. Bekhterev, S.L. Bogomolov, J. Franko, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, V. Mironov, V.A. Semin, V.A. Skuratov, A. Tikhomirov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The main activities of FLNR, following its name – are related to fundamental science, but, in parallel, plenty of efforts are paid for practical applications. Certain amount of beam time every year is spent for applied science experiments on FLNR accelerator complex. The main directions are the production of the heterogeneousμ- and nano-structured materials; testing of electronic components (avionics and space electronics) for radiation hardness; ion-implantation nanotechnology and radiation materials science. Status of all these activities, its modern trends and needs will be reported. Basing on FLNR long term experience in these fields and aiming to improve the instrumentation for users, FLNR accelerator department announce the design study for a new cyclotron, DC140, which will be dedicated machine for applied researches in FLNR. Following the users requirements DC140 should accelerate the heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z of the range from 5 to 8 up to fixed energies 2 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The first outlook of DC140 parameters, its features, layout of its casemate and general overview of the new FLNR facility for applied science will be presented.

Slides FRB02 [7.680 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRB02

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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FRB03

3D Radio Frequency Simulation of the INFN-LNS Superconducting Cyclotron

simulation, cavity, experiment, extraction

361

G. Torrisi, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, A.C. Caruso, G. Costa, G. Gallo, A. Longhitano, L. Neri, D. Rifuggiato
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

An upgrade plan of the Superconducting Cyclotron operating at INFN-LNS is ongoing. In this paper, a 3D numerical model of the Cyclotron radio frequency cavity is presented. Simulations include the coaxial sliding shorts, liner vacuum chamber, coupler, trimming capacitor and the Dees structures. CST microwave studio software has been used for numerical computation. RF simulations are mandatory also in order to analyze the field in the beam region and evaluate the impact of different Dees geometry and eventual field asymmetries. Moreover, 3D COMSOL Multiphysics simulations have been carried out in order to couple the electromagnetic field solution to a custom beam-dynamics code developed in Matlab as a future plan. Time evolution of accelerated beam and electromagnetic field make also possible to verify the magnetic field synchronization. Experimental validation of the developed model will be also presented.

Slides FRB03 [19.931 MB]

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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