Keyword: electron
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MOP034 Beam Stripping Interactions Implemented in Cyclotrons with OPAL Simulation Code cyclotron, vacuum, simulation, experiment 109
 
  • P. Calvo, C. Oliver
    CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
  • A. Adelmann, M. Frey, A. Gsell, J. Snuverink
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  Beam trans­mis­sion op­ti­miza­tion and losses char­ac­ter­i­za­tion, where beam strip­ping in­ter­ac­tions are a key issue, play an im­por­tant role in the de­sign and op­er­a­tion of com­pact cy­clotrons. A beam strip­ping model has been im­ple­mented in the three-di­men­sional ob­ject-ori­ented par­al­lel code OPAL-cycl, a fla­vor of the OPAL frame­work. The model in­cludes Monte Carlo meth­ods for in­ter­ac­tion with resid­ual gas and dis­so­ci­a­tion by elec­tro­mag­netic strip­ping. The model has been ver­i­fied with the­o­ret­i­cal mod­els and it has been ap­plied to the AMIT cy­clotron ac­cord­ing to de­sign con­di­tions.  
poster icon Poster MOP034 [0.880 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP034  
About • paper received ※ 12 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP009 Cyclotron Cavity Pollution Recovery cavity, cyclotron, multipactoring, vacuum 169
 
  • J. Dabin, B. Adant, P. Cailliau, K. Ellis, E. Forton, J. Mandrillon, T.S. Ponter, P. Verbruggen
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  
  In a cy­clotron, RF cav­i­ties are usu­ally among the most re­li­able sub­sys­tems, pro­vided min­i­mal care and main­te­nance. Nev­er­the­less, sev­eral pa­ra­me­ters may af­fect cav­ity per­for­mance after sev­eral years of op­er­a­tion. To name a few typ­i­cal causes of degra­da­tion are: de­creas­ing vac­uum qual­ity, var­i­ous gas loads or gas qual­i­ties trig­ger­ing ad­verse ef­fects, de­po­si­tion of highly emis­sive ma­te­r­ial on the cav­ity due to over­heat­ing of com­po­nents like pass-through con­nec­tors, ac­ci­den­tal use of chem­i­cals or not-suit­able greases. The cav­ity sta­tus can be mon­i­tored but, in the worst cases, the RF tun­ing may be­come dif­fi­cult and it is im­por­tant to apply meth­ods in order to re­cover a bet­ter cav­ity Q-fac­tor. In this paper, cases of cav­ity pol­lu­tion will be shown, their po­ten­tial root causes dis­cussed and some re­cov­ery meth­ods de­scribed.  
poster icon Poster TUP009 [0.398 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP009  
About • paper received ※ 12 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP028 Bremsstrahlung Photons Emission in 28-GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma ECR, photon, ion-source, detector 219
 
  • M.J. Kumwenda, I.J. Lugendo
    Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  • J.-K. Ahn, J.W. Lee
    Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
  • S.J. Kim, J.Y. Park, M. Won
    Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
  
  Ra­dial mea­sure­ments of bremsstrahlung pho­tons show high-en­ergy in­ten­sity be­yond a crit­i­cal en­ergy from elec­tron cy­clotron res­o­nance (ECR) heat­ing and its na­ture is not well un­der­stood so far. For the first time we have mea­sured the bremsstrahlung pho­tons en­ergy in­ten­sity from 28-GHz ECR ion source at Busan Cen­ter of KBSI. Three round type NaI(Tl) de­tec­tors were used to mea­sure the bremsstrahlung pho­tons emit­ted at the cen­ter of the ECRIS at the same timeThe ECR ion source was op­er­ated at Ra­diofre­quency (RF) power of 1 kW to ex­tract 16O beam with a dom­i­nant frac­tion of O3+.We stud­ied pos­si­ble sys­tem­atic un­cer­tain­ties from dif­fer­ent char­ac­ter­is­tics among the three NaI(Tl) de­tec­tors by re­peat­ing mea­sure­ments al­ter­na­tively. Geant4 sim­u­la­tion was per­formed to take the geo­met­ri­cal ac­cep­tance and en­ergy-de­pen­dent de­tec­tion ef­fi­ciency into ac­count due to large non-uni­for­mity in the ma­te­r­ial bud­get. We ex­tracted true bremsstrahlung en­ergy spec­tra from the 28-GHz ECR ion source using the in­verse-ma­trix un­fold­ing method. The high en­ergy in­ten­si­ties of the bremsstrahlung pho­tons at the cen­ter of the ECRIS were ex­plained by the in­ter­nal struc­ture and shape of ECR plasma.  
poster icon Poster TUP028 [1.240 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP028  
About • paper received ※ 13 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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THB03 Conceptual Design of TR100+: An Innovative Superconducting Cyclotron for Commercial Isotopes Production cyclotron, proton, extraction, acceleration 298
 
  • Y.-N. Rao, R.A. Baartman, Y. Bylinskii, T. Planche, L.G. Zhang
    TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
  
  Uti­liz­ing ded­i­cated cy­clotrons to pro­duce med­ical iso­topes is an aris­ing tech­nol­ogy in hos­pi­tals across Canada. Thus, in Jan­u­ary 2015, the Cy­cloMed99 team, led by TRI­UMF, demon­strated a break­through in pro­duc­ing the world’s most highly used med­ical iso­tope, tech­netium-99m (Tc-99m), on ex­ist­ing med­ical cy­clotrons. Now we pro­pose to de­sign an in­no­v­a­tive su­per­con­duct­ing cy­clotron for pro­duc­tion of com­mer­cially valu­able ra­dioiso­topes. This pro­ject will be fo­cus­ing on a pro­ton en­ergy of 70-150 MeV and pro­ton cur­rent of 2 mA. In this en­ergy range, nu­mer­ous in­creas­ingly de­manded radio­nuclides can be pro­duced, ei­ther as par­ent nu­clei for gen­er­a­tor use, or di­rectly as a ac­tive phar­ma­ceu­ti­cal in­gre­di­ent, e.g. Stron­tium-82 (Sr-82), Ac­tinium-235 (Ac-235) and Bis­muth-213 (Bi-213). Our ma­chine shall be de­signed to ac­cel­er­ate H2+, by in­jec­tion from ex­ter­nal ion source and ex­trac­tion by strip­ping. This shall allow to si­mul­ta­ne­ously ex­tract mul­ti­ple cw pro­ton beams of vari­able cur­rents and po­ten­tially vari­able en­er­gies to mul­ti­ple ex­per­i­men­tal sta­tions with ex­tremely high ex­trac­tion ef­fi­ciency. The basic pa­ra­me­ters of the ma­chine and the sim­u­la­tions of strip­ping ex­trac­tion will be pre­sented.  
slides icon Slides THB03 [3.030 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB03  
About • paper received ※ 17 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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THB04 Development of a Transparent Profiler Based on Secondary Electrons Emission for Charged Particle Beams radiation, proton, detector, cyclotron 302
 
  • C. Thiebaux, Y. Geerebaert, F. Magniette, P. Manigot, M. Verderi
    LLR, Palaiseau, France
  • G. Blain, F. Haddad, N. Michel, N. Servagent, T. Sounalet
    SUBATECH, Nantes, France
  • B. Boyer, E. Delagnes, F.T. Gebreyohannes, O. Gevin
    CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • F. Haddad, C. Koumeir, F. Poirier
    Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
  
  Funding: This study is supported by three programs of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-17-CE31-0015, ANR- 11-EQPX-0004 and the LABEX P2IO.
The PEPITES pro­ject* aims at re­al­iz­ing an op­er­a­tional pro­to­type of an ul­tra-thin, ra­di­a­tion-re­sis­tant pro­filer able to per­ma­nently op­er­ate on mid-en­ergy (O(100 MeV)) charged par­ti­cle ac­cel­er­a­tors. PEPITES uses sec­ondary elec­tron emis­sion (SEE) for the sig­nal be­cause it re­quires only a min­i­mal thick­ness of ma­te­r­ial (10 nm); very lin­ear, it also of­fers a great dy­namic. The lat­eral beam pro­file is sam­pled using seg­mented elec­trodes, con­structed by thin film meth­ods. Gold strips, as thin as the elec­tri­cal con­duc­tiv­ity al­lows (~ 50 nm), are de­posited on an as thin as pos­si­ble in­su­lat­ing sub­strate. When cross­ing the gold, the beam ejects the elec­trons by SEE, the cur­rent thus formed in each strip al­lows the sam­pling. The tech­nique was val­i­dated at AR­RONAX with 68 MeV pro­ton beams for in­ten­si­ties from 100 fA to 10 nA. SEE is char­ac­ter­ized up to 100 nA at AR­RONAX and med­ical en­er­gies at CPO**. Elec­trodes were sub­jected to doses of up to 109 Gy with­out show­ing sig­nif­i­cant degra­da­tion. A demon­stra­tor with ded­i­cated elec­tron­ics (CEA) will be in­stalled at AR­RONAX and used rou­tinely. The per­for­mances of the sys­tem and its be­hav­ior over time will thus be char­ac­ter­ized.
*LLR, ARRONAX cyclotron and CEA
**Orsay Protontherapy Center (Institut Curie)
 		 
slides icon Slides THB04 [16.785 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB04  
About • paper received ※ 13 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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THD01 Physics and Technology of Compact Plasma Traps plasma, ECR, diagnostics, ion-source 321
 
  • D. Mascali, G. Castro, L. Celona, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, M. Mazzaglia, E. Naselli, G. Torrisi
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • E. Naselli
    Catania University, Catania, Italy
  
  ECR Ion Sources are deemed to be among the most per­form­ing ion sources feed­ing par­ti­cle ac­cel­er­a­tors, cy­clotrons in par­tic­u­lar. Im­prove­ments of their per­for­mances strictly de­pend on the knowl­edge of plasma physics in com­pact mag­netic traps. The paper will com­ment on the re­sults ob­tained by the INFN-LNS team and in­ter­na­tional col­lab­o­ra­tors by means of a multi-di­ag­nos­tics setup able to mon­i­tor the evo­lu­tion in space and time of sev­eral plasma pa­ra­me­ters, si­mul­ta­ne­ously with beam ex­trac­tion and analy­sis in the LEBT, in sin­gle vs. dou­ble fre­quency op­er­a­tions, in­clud­ing the RF power and mag­netic field scal­ings, and ex­plor­ing regimes dom­i­nated by plasma tur­bu­lence. The re­sults are rel­e­vant for the op­er­a­tions of ex­ist­ing ion sources and for the de­sign of new ones. Com­pact mag­netic traps fash­ioned in a sim­i­lar way of ECRISs can be con­sid­ered as an ex­per­i­men­tal en­vi­ron­ment by it­self: we are ex­plor­ing this op­por­tu­nity re­ly­ing to the in-plasma mea­sure­ments of ra­dionu­clides life­times (in par­tic­u­lar, beta-de­cay­ing el­e­ments): Cos­moChronome­ters or nu­clei in­volved in the s-process nu­cle­osyn­the­sis are among the case stud­ies, open­ing new per­spec­tives in the nu­clear as­tro­physics field.  
slides icon Slides THD01 [17.662 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THD01  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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FRA04 Cyclotrons Based Facilities for Single Event Effects Testing of Spacecraft Electronics radiation, heavy-ion, detector, proton 348
 
  • P.A. Chubunov, A.S. Bychkov
    ISDE, Moscow, Russia
  • V.S. Anashin, A.E. Koziukov
    United Rocket and Space Corporation, Institute of Space Device Engineering, Moscow, Russia
  • I.V. Kalagin, S.V. Mitrofanov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  Space ra­di­a­tion is the main fac­tor lim­it­ing the op­er­a­tion time of the on­board equip­ment of the space­craft due to the ra­di­a­tion ef­fects oc­cur­ring in the elec­tronic com­po­nents. With a de­crease in the size of semi­con­duc­tor struc­tures, the sen­si­tiv­ity to the ef­fects of in­di­vid­ual nu­clear par­ti­cles in­creases and hit­ting one such par­ti­cle can cause an upset or even fail­ure of a com­po­nent or sys­tem as a whole. Since the phe­nom­e­non oc­curs due to the im­pact of a sep­a­rate par­ti­cle, these ra­di­a­tion ef­fects are called Sin­gle Event Ef­fects (SEE). To be sure that the elec­tronic com­po­nent is op­er­a­tional in space, ground tests are nec­es­sary. SEE tests are car­ried out on test fa­cil­i­ties that allow ac­cel­er­at­ing heavy ions from C to Bi to en­er­gies from 3 to a few dozen MeV/A. Cy­clotrons are best suited for this pur­pose. In this paper, the in­stal­la­tions cre­ated by re­quest of ISDE based on the cy­clotrons of FLNR JINR are de­scribed.  
slides icon Slides FRA04 [0.849 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA04  
About • paper received ※ 17 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 27 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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FRB02 FLNR JINR Accelerator Complex for Applied Physics Researches: State-of-Art and Future radiation, cyclotron, heavy-ion, experiment 358
 
  • S.V. Mitrofanov, P.Yu. Apel, V. Bashevoy, V. Bekhterev, S.L. Bogomolov, J. Franko, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, V. Mironov, V.A. Semin, V.A. Skuratov, A. Tikhomirov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  The main ac­tiv­i­ties of FLNR, fol­low­ing its name – are re­lated to fun­da­men­tal sci­ence, but, in par­al­lel, plenty of ef­forts are paid for prac­ti­cal ap­pli­ca­tions. Cer­tain amount of beam time every year is spent for ap­plied sci­ence ex­per­i­ments on FLNR ac­cel­er­a­tor com­plex. The main di­rec­tions are the pro­duc­tion of the het­ero­ge­neousμ- and nano-struc­tured ma­te­ri­als; test­ing of elec­tronic com­po­nents (avion­ics and space elec­tron­ics) for ra­di­a­tion hard­ness; ion-im­plan­ta­tion nan­otech­nol­ogy and ra­di­a­tion ma­te­ri­als sci­ence. Sta­tus of all these ac­tiv­i­ties, its mod­ern trends and needs will be re­ported. Bas­ing on FLNR long term ex­pe­ri­ence in these fields and aim­ing to im­prove the in­stru­men­ta­tion for users, FLNR ac­cel­er­a­tor de­part­ment an­nounce the de­sign study for a new cy­clotron, DC140, which will be ded­i­cated ma­chine for ap­plied re­searches in FLNR. Fol­low­ing the users re­quire­ments DC140 should ac­cel­er­ate the heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z of the range from 5 to 8 up to fixed en­er­gies 2 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The first out­look of DC140 pa­ra­me­ters, its fea­tures, lay­out of its case­mate and gen­eral overview of the new FLNR fa­cil­ity for ap­plied sci­ence will be pre­sented.  
slides icon Slides FRB02 [7.680 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRB02  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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