Keyword: proton
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MOA01 Recent Experimental Results of the Accelerator Driven System with a Sub-Critical Nuclear Reactor (ADS) Program FFAG, experiment, neutron, target 1
 
  • Y. Ishi, Y. Fuwa, Y. Kuriyama, Y. Mori, H. Okita, K. Suga, T. Uesugi
    Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
  • Y. Fuwa
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
  
  A se­ries of study on the ac­cel­er­a­tor dri­ven sys­tem (ADS) has been car­ried out since 2009 at KURNS*. In these stud­ies, Kyoto Uni­ver­sity Crit­i­cal As­sem­bly (KUCA) has been used as sub-crit­i­cal sys­tem con­nected with the pro­ton beam line from FFAG ac­cel­er­a­tor fa­cil­ity. A pro­file of ac­cel­er­a­tor fa­cil­ity and ex­per­i­men­tal re­sults, in­clud­ing the first ev­i­dence of the trans­mu­ta­tion of minor ac­tinides at ADS, will be pre­sented.
* stands for Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University. 		 
slides icon Slides MOA01 [18.120 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOA01  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP002 Recent Progress on Ion Source of SC200 Cyclotron ion-source, cyclotron, extraction, experiment 24
 
  • Y. Zhao, G. Chen
    ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
  • L. Calabretta
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • O. Karamyshev
    JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  • G.A. Karamysheva, G. Shirkov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • S.W. Xu
    USTC, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 11775258 & 11575237 and International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Anhui (grant No. 1704e1002207).
A 200MeV com­pact su­per­con­duct­ing cy­clotron, named SC200, for pro­ton ther­apy is under de­vel­op­ment by col­lab­o­ra­tion of ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Rus­sia). The ion source is a sig­nif­i­cant sub­sys­tem of the cy­clotron. A hot cath­ode in­ter­nal ion source has been de­signed and tested for SC200 cy­clotron. The ion source has been suc­cess­fully arc dis­charged on the test bench. The ex­tracted beam cur­rent has been mea­sured over 100 uA and fil­a­ment life­time of ion source ex­ceeded 100 h, which in­di­cated that the ion source meets the de­sign re­quire­ments. The sta­bil­ity of the fil­a­ment under strong mag­netic field has also been tested and the dif­fer­ences be­tween the two kinds of fil­a­ment are com­pared. 		 
poster icon Poster MOP002 [0.519 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP002  
About • paper received ※ 09 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP003 Optimal Design and Fluid-Solid Coupling Thermal Analysis of SC200 Superconducting Proton Cyclotron Electrostatic Deflector septum, simulation, cyclotron, extraction 27
 
  • Y. Xu, Y. Chen, K.Z. Ding, X.Y. Huang, J. Li, K. Pei, Y. Song
    ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
  • K. Gu
    HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 11775258 & 11575237 and International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Anhui (grant No. 1704e1002207).
In re­cent years, the study of pro­ton ther­apy equip­ment has re­ceived in­creas­ing at­ten­tion in China. Hefei CAS Ion Med­ical and Tech­ni­cal De­vices Co., Ltd. (HFCIM) is de­vel­op­ing a pro­ton med­ical de­vice based on the su­per-con­duct­ing pro­ton cy­clotron. The elec­tro­sta­tic de­flec­tor (ESD) is the key ex­trac­tion com­po­nent of the SC200 su­per­con­duct­ing cy­clotron, which uses a high-in­ten­sity elec­tric field to bend the beam from the track. The fierce in­ter­ac­tion be­tween the pro­ton beam and the de­flec­tor sep­tum, causes a great loss of beam and un­wanted ex­cess heat ac­cu­mu­la­tion and ra­di­a­tion. In order to min­i­mize the risk of dam­age caused by the pro­ton beam loss, the fluid solid-ther­mal cou­pling analy­sis of the de­flec­tor was per-formed by ap­ply­ing com­pu­ta­tional fluid dy­nam­ics (CFD) on ANSYS. The max­i­mum tem­per­a­tures of the sep­tum in var­i­ous cases of the cool­ing water speed, the sep­tum thick­ness and ma­te­r­ial have been in­ves­ti­gated re­spec­tive-ly. The re­sult based on analy­sis pro­vide a valu­able re­fer-ence for the fur­ther op­ti­miza­tion on the ma­te­r­ial se­lec­tion and struc­tural de­sign for ESD. 		 
poster icon Poster MOP003 [0.735 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP003  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP004 Beam Dynamics Simulation of the Extraction for a Superconducting Cyclotron SC240 extraction, cyclotron, simulation, emittance 31
 
  • Z. Wu, K.Z. Ding, J. Li, Y. Song
    ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
  • Z. Wang
    HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China
  
  In order to di­ver­sify the com­pany’s cy­clotron, a de­sign study has been car­ried out on a 240 MeV su­per­con­duct­ing cy­clotron SC240 for pro­ton ther­apy, which is based on our ex­pe­ri­ence in de­sign of SC200. In order to in­crease turn sep­a­ra­tion and ex­trac­tion ef­fi­ciency, res­o­nant pre­ces­sional ex­trac­tion method is em­ployed in the ex­trac­tion sys­tem. A first har­monic field con­sis­tent with the Gauss­ian dis­tri­b­u­tion is added to in­tro­duce beam pre­ces­sional mo­tion. Its ef­fects on phase space evo­lu­tion and turn sep­a­ra­tion in­crease is stud­ied by a high ef­fi­ciency beam dy­nam­ics sim­u­la­tion code. Ac­cord­ing to the study, its am­pli­tude and phase have been op­ti­mized to meet the re­quire­ments of ex­trac­tion beam dy­nam­ics. Based on beam dy­nam­ics sim­u­la­tion, the pa­ra­me­ters of ex­trac­tion sys­tem el­e­ments (two elec­tro­sta­tic de­flec­tors and six mag­netic chan­nels) are cho­sen. Be­sides, the ef­fects of sec­tors spi­ral di­rec­tion on beam ex­trac­tion are stud­ied. Ex­trac­tion ef­fi­cien­cies and beam pa­ra­me­ters have been cal­cu­lated.  
poster icon Poster MOP004 [1.696 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP004  
About • paper received ※ 14 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP006 The Design and Simulation on the Extraction System for CYCIAE-50 cyclotron, extraction, simulation, radiation 35
 
  • S. An, F.P. Guan, P. Huang, L.Y. Ji, M. Li, Y.L. Lv, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing, T.J. Zhang, X. Zheng
    CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  A 50 MeV H− com­pact cy­clotron (CY­CIAE-50) as a pro­ton ir­ra­di­a­tion fa­cil­ity is under con­struc­tion at China In­sti­tute of Atomic En­ergy. The pro­ton beam with the en­ergy of 30 MeV to 50 MeV and the cur­rent of 10 uA will be ex­tracted by a sin­gle strip­ping ex­trac­tion sys­tem. In order to re­duce the beam loss, the com­bi­na­tion mag­net is fixed in­side the mag­net­ism yoke. The po­si­tions of strip­ping points for the dif­fer­ent ex­trac­tion en­ergy are cal­cu­lated and the ex­tracted beam tra­jec­to­ries after strip­ping foil are sim­u­lated in de­tail in this paper. The ex­tracted beam dis­tri­b­u­tion after strip­ping foil and the ex­tracted beam char­ac­ters will be stud­ied in this paper. The beam pa­ra­me­ters after ex­trac­tion will be given by the ex­tract­ing orbit sim­u­la­tion. The de­sign on the whole strip­ping ex­trac­tion sys­tem has been fin­ished and will be pre­sented in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP006  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP008 Mechanical Design of Beam Lines for a 230 MeV SC Cyclotron at CIAE dipole, quadrupole, vacuum, cyclotron 42
 
  • M. Yin, S. An, F.P. Guan, Y.L. Lv, G.F. Pan, F. Wang, F. Wang, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, T.J. Zhang, F.Zhu. Zhu
    CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 11475269 and 11375274.
To de­velop the pro­ton beam trans­fer sys­tem which used in the field of pro­ton ther­apy, the me­chan­i­cal de­sign of pro­ton beam lines based on the CY­CIAE-230 has been fin­ished at the China In­sti­tute of Atomic En­ergy (CIAE). The pro­ton beam trans­fer sys­tem in­cludes the beam lines, beam dump, gantry, noz­zle, couch, image guid­ance sys­tem, etc. Two beam lines are de­signed at CIAE this mo­ment. One is for the noz­zle sys­tem, the other is for the beam dump. The beam lines in­clude four sys­tems: the en­ergy se­lec­tion sys­tem, the beam trans­porta­tion sys­tems, gantry sys­tem, beam dump. The beam lines are very com­pact in order to match the beam op­tics and the space lim­i­ta­tion. The gantry can be ro­tated ±180°. There are sev­eral key com­po­nents in beam lines, such as mag­nets, de­grader, beam di­ag­nos­tics com­po­nent, vac­uum com­po­nent, etc. The de­signed me­chan­i­cal tol­er­ance of the mag­nets is lim­ited less than 0.1 mm. There are at least four tar­gets on each mag­nets for col­li­ma­tion and all the com­po­nents can be ad­justed in three di­men­sions. The mag­nets are being man­u­fac­tured now. The me­chan­i­cal de­sign of pro­ton beam lines based on the CY­CIAE-230 will be pre­sented in this paper. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP008  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP010 A 50 MeV Proton Beam Line Design cyclotron, target, quadrupole, radiation 45
 
  • S.M. Wei, S. An, L.L. Guan, Y.L. Lv
    CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  The cy­clotron Cen­ter at the China In­sti­tute of Atomic En­ergy (CIAE) is now de­vel­op­ing a medium-en­ergy pro­ton ir­ra­di­a­tion de­vice that pro­vides a pro­ton beam with an en­ergy range of 30 MeV to 50 MeV to sim­u­late a space pro­ton ra­di­a­tion en­vi­ron­ment, which has a sig­nif­i­cant im­pact on space­craft. A beam trans­port line is de­signed for ir­ra­di­a­tion ef­fect study based on the 50 MeV com­pact cy­clotron, which re­quires con­tin­u­ous ad­just­ment of the beam en­ergy and the beam spot on the tar­get re­quires high uni­for­mity. The pro­ton beam ex­tracted from the cy­clotron is ad­justed to the en­ergy re­quired by using the de­grader, then the pro­ton beam is bended and fo­cused. In order to ob­tain uni­form large-di­am­e­ter beam spot on the tar­get, a wob­bling mag­net is in­stalled on the beam line to uni­formly sweep the pro­ton beam on the tar­get and fi­nally ob­tain the pro­ton beam with en­ergy of 30 MeV - 50 MeV, cur­rent of 10 uA and beam spot of 20 cm * 20 cm on the tar­get.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP010  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP011 Magnetic Field Measurement and Shimming for a Medical Compact Cyclotron cyclotron, MMI, controls, monitoring 48
 
  • L.L. Guan, S. An, T. Cui, P. Huang, X.L. Jia, M. Li, F. Wang, T.J. Zhang
    CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  A com­pact cy­clotron is de­vel­oped by Cy­clotron Ac­cel­er­a­tor Re­search Cen­ter at China In­sti­tute of Atomic En­ergy (CIAE) to ex­tract 14 MeV pro­ton beam for med­ical ra­dioiso­topes pro­duc­tion, so as to meet the mar­ket de­mands of early di­ag­no­sis of ma­lig­nant tu­mors, car­dio­vas­cu­lar and cere­brovas­cu­lar dis­eases. Owing to the small size and lim­ited space of small med­ical cy­clotrons, crit­i­cal re­quire­ments are im­posed on mag­netic field mea­sure­ment. For this rea­son, a mag­netic field mea­sure­ment sys­tem, with high-pre­ci­sion and high-sta­bil­ity, suit­able for small cy­clotrons is adopted and then an ef­fi­cient mag­netic field shim­ming method is used, which greatly re­duces the con­struc­tion pe­riod. It pro­vides a strong guar­an­tee for the sta­ble op­er­a­tion of med­ical small cy­clotrons.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP011  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP023 Synchronization and High Speed High Voltage Switcher for Pulse Bunching System of the Cyclotron U-120M cyclotron, neutron, PLC, bunching 83
 
  • P. Krist, D. Poklop, J. Stursa
    NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic
  • V. Cervenka
    HiLASE Centre, Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
  • J. Vozáb
    Radan s.r.o., Barchov, Czech Republic
  
  Pulse bunch­ing sys­tem for neu­tron time of flight (ToF) mea­sure­ments on the cy­clotron U-120M ex­ploits a unique pulsed ver­ti­cal de­flec­tion of the se­lected final or­bits of the in­ter­nal ac­cel­er­ated beam of the H− ions to an ex­trac­tor-strip­per. This sys­tem is de­scribed in de­tails on an in­di­vid­ual poster of this con­fer­ence. A key de­vice is the pulse HV power sup­ply (HV switcher) which is sup­ply­ing the de­flec­tor and el­e­vates H− ions in de­fined time struc­ture to an ex­trac­tor-strip­per. The de­vel­oped HV switcher is based on the SiC MOS­FET tran­sis­tors. It can pro­vide HV pulses with the fol­low­ing pulse pa­ra­me­ters: am­pli­tude up to 13 kV, front edge less than 20 ns, flat top 20 ns, back edge less than 20 ns and rep­e­ti­tion fre­quency up to sev­eral hun­dred of kHz. We have also de­vel­oped the pulse syn­chro­niza­tion with the cy­clotron RF (25 MHz), which en­ables to set up front edge of bunch­ing pulses within 2pi with ac­cu­racy 80 ps. Hu­man-ma­chine in­ter­face is based on SCADA soft­ware Re­liance and PLC Teco­mat Fox­trot. The time wave­forms of the real pulses are part of the pre­sen­ta­tion.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP023  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP035 Extraction Beam Orbit of a 250 MeV Superconducting Cyclotron extraction, cyclotron, MMI, resonance 113
 
  • H.J. Zhang, K. Fan, Y. Yan
    Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
  • Y.-N. Rao
    TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
  • L.G. Zhang
    HUST, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: The work is supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (11775087).
A su­per­con­duct­ing cy­clotron based on pro­ton ther­apy fa­cil­ity is being de­vel­oped at Huazhong uni­ver­sity of sci­ence and tech­nol­ogy (HUST). Due to the com­pact size of the main mag­net, the beam or­bits at the ex­trac­tion re­gion are dis­trib­uted densely, which cre­ates dif­fi­cul­ties for beam ex­trac­tion lead­ing to se­vere beam loss. In order to deal with these chal­lenges, the orbit pre­ces­sion method has been em­ployed in the ex­trac­tion sys­tem de­sign. In this paper, we in­tro­duce a method of em­ploy­ing a first har­monic field near the nur=1 res­o­nance where the beam en­ergy is about 248 MeV to ad­just the am­pli­tude of beam orbit os­cil­la­tion. The op­ti­mum am­pli­tude and phase of the first har­monic field are de­signed to ob­tain a large turn sep­a­ra­tion in the ex­trac­tion re­gion. Three dif­fer­ent ways of gen­er­at­ing the first har­monic field are com­pared for op­ti­miza­tion. 		 
poster icon Poster MOP035 [0.777 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP035  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUA02 Novel Irradiation Methods for Theranostic Radioisotope Production With Solid Targets at the Bern Medical Cyclotron target, cyclotron, detector, radiation 127
 
  • S. Braccini
    LHEP, Bern, Switzerland
  • C. Belver-Aguilar, T.S. Carzaniga, G. Dellepiane, P. Haeffner, P. Scampoli
    AEC, Bern, Switzerland
  • P. Scampoli
    Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
  
  The pro­duc­tion of med­ical ra­dioiso­topes for ther­a­nos­tics is es­sen­tial for the de­vel­op­ment of per­son­al­ized nu­clear med­i­cine. Among them, ra­diomet­als can be used to label pro­teins and pep­tides and their sup­ply in quan­tity and qual­ity for clin­i­cal ap­pli­ca­tions rep­re­sents a chal­lenge. A re­search pro­gram is on­go­ing at the Bern med­ical cy­clotron, where a solid tar­get sta­tion with a pneu­matic de­liv­ery sys­tem is in op­er­a­tion. To bom­bard iso­tope-en­riched ma­te­ri­als in form of com­pressed pow­ders, a spe­cific tar­get coin was re­al­ized. To as­sess the ac­tiv­ity at EoB, a sys­tem based on a CZT de­tec­tor was de­vel­oped. For an op­ti­mized pro­duc­tion yield with the re­quired radio nu­clide pu­rity, pre­cise knowl­edge of the cross-sec­tions and of the beam en­ergy is cru­cial. Spe­cific meth­ods were de­vel­oped to as­sess these quan­ti­ties. To fur­ther en­hance the ca­pa­bil­i­ties of solid tar­get sta­tions at med­ical cy­clotrons, a novel ir­ra­di­a­tion sys­tem based on an ul­tra-com­pact ~50 cm long beam line and a two-di­men­sional beam mon­i­tor­ing de­tec­tor is under de­vel­op­ment to bom­bard tar­gets down to few mg and few mm di­am­e­ter. The first re­sults on the pro­duc­tion of Ga-68, Cu-64, Sc-43, Sc-44 and Sc-47 are pre­sented.  
slides icon Slides TUA02 [37.771 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA02  
About • paper received ※ 13 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUA03 The Use of PSI’s IP2 Beam Line Towards Exotic Radionuclide Development and its Application Towards Proof-Of-Principle Preclinical and Clinical Studies target, cyclotron, radiation, positron 132
 
  • N.P. van der Meulen, R. Eichler, P.V. Grundler, R. Hasler, W. Hirzel, S. Joray, D.C. Kiselev, R. Sobbia, A. Sommerhalder, Z. Talip, H. Zhang
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  • S. Braccini
    AEC, Bern, Switzerland
  
  Paul Scher­rer In­sti­tute runs a High In­ten­sity Pro­ton Ac­cel­er­a­tor (HIPA) fa­cil­ity, where a max­i­mum of 100 µA pro­tons is gleaned from high in­ten­sity 72 MeV pro­tons from In­jec­tor 2, a sep­a­rated sec­tor cy­clotron, into the IP2 tar­get sta­tion. These pro­tons ir­ra­di­ate var­i­ous tar­gets to­wards the pro­duc­tion of ex­otic ra­dionu­clides in­tended for med­ical pur­poses. Many ra­diomet­als in use today are for the di­ag­no­sis of dis­ease, with the most pop­u­lar means of de­tec­tion being Positron Emis­sion To­mog­ra­phy. These positron emit­ters are eas­ily pro­duced at low pro­ton en­er­gies using med­ical cy­clotrons, how­ever, de­vel­op­ment at these fa­cil­i­ties are lack­ing. The 72 MeV pro­ton beam is de­graded at IP2 using nio­bium to pro­vide the de­sired en­ergy to ir­ra­di­ate tar­gets to pro­duce the likes of 44Sc, 43Sc, 64Cu and 165Er*,**,***. Once de­vel­oped, these proofs-of-prin­ci­ple are then put into prac­tice at part­ner fa­cil­i­ties. Tar­get hold­ers and de­graders re­quire de­vel­op­ment to op­ti­mize ir­ra­di­a­tion con­di­tions and tar­get cool­ing. Var­i­ous op­tions are ex­plored, with pros and cons taken into con­sid­er­a­tion based on cal­cu­la­tions and sim­u­la­tions.
* v/d Meulen et al., Nucl Med. Biol. (2015) 42: 745
** Domnanich et al., EJNMMI Radiopharm. Chemistry (2017) 2: 14
*** v/d Meulen et al., J Label Compd Radiopharm (2019) doi: 10.1002/jlcr.3730
 		 
slides icon Slides TUA03 [7.449 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA03  
About • paper received ※ 13 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUA04 Characterization of Neutron Leakage Field Coming from 18O(p, n)18F Reaction in PET Production Cyclotron neutron, detector, experiment, cyclotron 136
 
  • M. Schulc, M. Antos, F. Brijar, M. Cuhra, T. Czakoj, M. Košťál, E. Losa, V. Rypar, J. Simon, S. Vadjak
    Nuclear Research Institute Řež plc, Řež, Czech Republic
  • F. Cvachovec
    University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic
  • Z. Matej, F. Mravec
    Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
  
  This paper shows a new method for char­ac­ter­i­za­tion of the sec­ondary neu­tron field quan­ti­ties, specif­i­cally neu­tron spec­trum leak­ing from 18O en­riched H2O XL cylin­dri­cal tar­get in IBA Cy­clone 18/9 in the en­ergy range of 1-15 MeV. Spec­trum is mea­sured by stil­bene scin­til­la­tion de­tec­tor in dif­fer­ent places. The neu­tron spec­tra are eval­u­ated from the mea­sured pro­ton re­coil spec­tra using de­con­vo­lu­tion through max­i­mum like­li­hood es­ti­ma­tion. A leak­age neu­tron field is an in­ter­est­ing op­tion for ir­ra­di­a­tion ex­per­i­ments due to quite high flux, but also to the val­i­da­tion of high en­ergy thresh­old re­ac­tions due to rel­a­tively high av­er­age en­ergy. Mea­sured neu­tron spec­tra are com­pared with cal­cu­la­tions in MCNP6 model using TENDL-2017, FENDL-3, and de­fault MCNP6 model cal­cu­la­tions. TENDL-2017 and FENDL-3 li­braries re­sults dif­fer sig­nif­i­cantly in the shape of the neu­tron spec­trum for en­er­gies above 10 MeV while MCNP6 gives in­cor­rect an­gu­lar dis­tri­b­u­tions. Ac­ti­va­tion mea­sure­ments of dif­fer­ent neu­tron in­duced re­ac­tions sup­port char­ac­ter­i­za­tion. The 18F pro­duc­tion yield is in a good agree­ment with TENDL-2017 pro­ton li­brary cal­cu­la­tion within re­spec­tive un­cer­tain­ties.  
slides icon Slides TUA04 [2.286 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA04  
About • paper received ※ 05 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUB02 JINR PROJECTS of CYCLOTRON FOR PROTON THERAPY cyclotron, cavity, extraction, simulation 140
 
  • O. Karamyshev, K. Bunyatov, S. Gurskiy, G.A. Karamysheva, D.P. Popov, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov, V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • V. Malinin
    JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  
  Phys­i­cal de­sign of the com­pact su­per­con­duct­ing cy­clotron SC230 (91.5MHz) has been per­formed. The cy­clotron can de­liver up to 230 MeV beam for pro­ton ther­apy and medico-bi­o­log­i­cal re­search. As the cy­clotron will have a rel­a­tively small mag­net field, it is pos­si­ble to use both su­per­con­duct­ing and re­sis­tive coil. Be­sides a su­per­con­duct­ing cy­clotron we sim­u­late de­sign of the cy­clotron with a con­ven­tional cop­per wa­ter-cooled coil. Such a so­lu­tion al­lows us to achieve a lower price com­pared to su­per­con­duct­ing op­tions, but it be­comes a bit heav­ier.  
slides icon Slides TUB02 [8.397 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUB02  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUB03 MRI-Guided-PT: Integrating an MRI in a Proton Therapy System HOM, GUI, FEM, simulation 144
 
  • E. van der Kraaij, J. Smeets
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  • L. Bertora, A. Carrozzi, A. Serra
    ASG, Genova, Italy
  • S. Gantz, A. Hoffmann, L. Karsch, A. Lühr, J. Pawelke, S. Schellhammer
    OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
  • B. Oborn
    CMRP, Wollongong, Australia
  
  In­te­gra­tion of mag­netic res­o­nance imag­ing (MRI) in pro­ton ther­apy (PT) has the po­ten­tial to im­prove tu­mor-tar­get­ing pre­ci­sion. How­ever, it is tech­ni­cally chal­leng­ing to in­te­grate an MRI scan­ner at the beam isocen­ter of a PT sys­tem due to space con­straints and elec­tro­mag­netic in­ter­ac­tions be­tween the two sys­tems. We as­sessed the tech­ni­cal risks and chal­lenges, and pre­sent a con­cept for the me­chan­i­cal in­te­gra­tion of a 0.5T MRI scan­ner (ASG MR-Open) into a PT gantry (IBA Pro­teu­sONE). Fi­nite el­e­ment sim­u­la­tions as­sess the per­tur­ba­tion of the gantry’s el­e­ments on the ho­mo­gene­ity of the scan­ner’s sta­tic mag­netic field. MC sim­u­la­tions es­ti­mate the ef­fect of the scan­ner’s mag­netic field on the pro­ton dose de­po­si­tion. To test the tech­ni­cal fea­si­bil­ity, a first ex­per­i­men­tal setup was re­al­ized at the PT cen­ter in Dres­den, com­bin­ing a 0.22T open MRI scan­ner with a sta­tic pro­ton beam line. Re­sults show that the image qual­ity is not de­graded by pro­ton beam ir­ra­di­a­tion if the ac­qui­si­tion is syn­chro­nized with beam line op­er­a­tion. The beam en­ergy de­pen­dent pro­ton beam de­flec­tion due to the scan­ner’s mag­netic field is sig­nif­i­cant and needs to be cor­rected for in treat­ment plan­ning and dose de­liv­ery.  
slides icon Slides TUB03 [1.866 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUB03  
About • paper received ※ 14 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUB04 On-Line Dynamic Beam Intensity Control in a Proton Therapy Cyclotron controls, cyclotron, power-supply, operation 148
 
  • S. Psoroulas, P. Fernandez Carmona, D. Meer, D.C. Weber
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  • D.C. Weber
    KRO, Bern, Switzerland
  • D.C. Weber
    University of Zurich, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
  
  Mod­ern pro­ton ther­apy fa­cil­i­ties use the pen­cil beam scan­ning (PBS) tech­nique for the treat­ment of tu­mours: the beam is scanned through the tu­mour vol­ume se­quen­tially, i.e. stop­ping the beam at each po­si­tion in the tu­mour for the amount of time nec­es­sary to de­liver the pre­scribed dose for that po­si­tion, and then mov­ing to the next po­si­tion (dose-dri­ven de­liv­ery). This tech­nique is ro­bust against fluc­tu­a­tions in the beam cur­rent. Mod­ern cy­clotrons how­ever offer very sta­ble beam cur­rents, and allow reg­u­lat­ing the beam in­ten­sity on­line to match the re­quested beam in­ten­sity pro­file as a func­tion of time (’time-dri­ven’ de­liv­ery). To re­alise time-dri­ven de­liv­ery at the COMET cy­clotron at PSI*, we have de­signed a beam in­ten­sity con­troller** which is able to par­tially com­pen­sate for the non-lin­ear­ity and the delay in­tro­duced by the phys­i­cal lim­i­ta­tions of the beam line el­e­ments and its dri­vers; this is par­tic­u­larly im­por­tant when try­ing to achieve a very fast mod­u­la­tion of the beam, as re­quired by the clin­i­cal plans. Ex­per­i­men­tal re­sults have shown good per­for­mance for most cur­rent clin­i­cal sce­nar­ios, though we are in­ves­ti­gat­ing more ad­vanced so­lu­tions for higher dose rates sce­nar­ios.
(*) Klimpki, G., et al. (2018). PMB, 63(14), 145006
(**) Fernandez Carmona, P., et al., (2018) Proceedings of PCaPAC2018, FRCC2
 
slides icon Slides TUB04 [10.992 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUB04  
About • paper received ※ 14 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP005 Three Years Operation of CYCIAE-100 experiment, neutron, target, radiation 156
 
  • T. Ge, L.C. Cao, Z.H. Fu, S.G. Hou, B. Ji, H. Jiang, S.Q. Li, Y.Q. Li, Z.W. Liu, Y.L. Lv, G.F. Pan, L. Wang, L.P. Wen, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang
    CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  The 100 MeV high in­ten­sity pro­ton cy­clotron (CY­CIAE-100) de­vel­oped by China In­sti­tute of Atomic En­ergy is a multi-pur­pose vari­able en­ergy AVF cy­clotron. Its de­sign spec­i­fi­ca­tions are: en­ergy from 75 to 100 MeV con­tin­u­ously ad­justable, beam in­ten­sity 200uA, beam cur­rent can be ex­tracted in both di­rec­tions. CY­CIAE-100 was com­mis­sioned to ex­tract 100 MeV pro­ton beam for the first time in July 2014. The first physics ex­per­i­ment was car­ried out in No­vem­ber 2016. By June 2019, the de­sign spec­i­fi­ca­tions of CY­CIAE-100 was com­mis­sioned and the max­i­mum beam power was 52 kW. The beam in­ten­sity range from 1 pA to 520 µA is achieved, and the beam sta­bil­ity is about 1% for 8 hours. Sev­eral typ­i­cal physics ex­per­i­ments have been car­ried out. Such as: The physics ex­per­i­ment of CY­CIAE-100 dri­ving ISOL de­vice to gen­er­ate ra­dioac­tive nu­clear beam, SiC and SRAM pro­ton ir­ra­di­a­tion ex­per­i­ments, cal­i­bra­tion ex­per­i­ment of high-en­ergy pro­ton elec­tron total dose de­tec­tor probe, etc. At pre­sent, the beam time for CY­CIAE-100 is about 5,000 hours, pro­vid­ing ef­fec­tive beam time for more than 3,000 hours for many users at home and abroad, and the other beam time for beam de­vel­op­ment.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP005  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP008 The Cyclotron TR-FLEX at the Center for Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf target, cyclotron, extraction, operation 166
 
  • M. Kreller, T. Knieß
    HZDR, Dresden, Germany
  • S. Preusche
    Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
  
  The new Cen­ter for Ra­dio­phar­ma­ceu­ti­cal Can­cer Re­search was es­tab­lished at Helmholtz-Zen­trum Dres­den-Rossendorf e. V. to cen­tral­ize the main units: a high cur­rent pro­ton cy­clotron, a ra­dio­phar­ma­ceu­ti­cal pro­duc­tion – GMP unit in­clud­ing qual­ity con­trol, lab­o­ra­to­ries for PET-ra­dio­chem­istry, chem­i­cal and bio­chem­i­cal lab­o­ra­to­ries and lab­o­ra­to­ries for small an­i­mal imag­ing. The cy­clotron TR-Flex was put into op­er­a­tion in 2017 and it is equipped with two ex­trac­tion ports. Both are mov­able to ad­just the pro­ton en­ergy in the range from 15 MeV up to 30 MeV. One ex­trac­tion port is cou­pled with a com­bi­na­tion mag­net and two beam lines. A [123I]I-gas tar­get sta­tion is in­stalled at the first beam line and a four-port tar­get se­lec­tor at beam­line two and at the sec­ond ex­trac­tion port. Two [18F]F-wa­ter tar­gets, a [18F]F2-gas tar­get, a [11C]CH4-gas tar­get, a [11C]CO2-gas tar­get, a 30° and a 90° solid state tar­get are mounted on the tar­get se­lec­tors. In our con­tri­bu­tion we re­port our ex­pe­ri­ence of the new cy­clotron dur­ing the first two op­er­a­tion years. Typ­i­cal beam pa­ra­me­ters and the re­li­a­bil­ity of the TR-FLEX are pre­sented. Fur­ther­more we de­scribe the new home-built Ra­dionu­clide Dis­tri­b­u­tion Sys­tem.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP008  
About • paper received ※ 18 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP012 Upgrade of the iThemba LABS Neutron Beam Vault to a Metrology Facility neutron, target, experiment, radiation 181
 
  • N.B. Ndlovu, P.P. Maleka, F.D. Smit
    iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
  • A. Boso
    NPL, Middlesex, United Kingdom
  • A. Buffler, D. Geduld, T. Hutton, T. Leadbeater
    UCT Physics, Cape Town, South Africa
  • V. Lacoste
    IRSN, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
  
  Quasi-mono­en­er­getic neu­tron beams are typ­i­cally pro­duced at the iThemba LABS fast neu­tron beam fa­cil­ity by the 7Li(p, xn) or 9Be(p, xn) re­ac­tions. With the pro­ton beams avail­able from the sep­a­rated sec­tor cy­clotron, the neu­tron en­ergy range from about 30 MeV to 200 MeV can be cov­ered al­most con­tin­u­ously. The fa­cil­ity first be­came op­er­a­tional in the late 1980s. The fast neu­tron beam fa­cil­ity at iThemba LABS has been des­ig­nated by the Na­tional Metrol­ogy In­sti­tute of South Africa (NMISA) as an en­tity re­spon­si­ble for pro­vid­ing trace­abil­ity for the medium and high-en­ergy neu­tron mea­sure­ments in South Africa. As a re­sult, the fa­cil­ity is un­der­go­ing a major up­grade and de­vel­op­ment in order for it to meet the re­quire­ments for a medium and high-en­ergy neu­tron metrol­ogy fa­cil­ity. As part of the on­go­ing up­grade, Monte Carlo (MC) sim­u­la­tions aimed at bench­mark­ing the ex­per­i­men­tal data are on­go­ing.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP012  
About • paper received ※ 14 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP014 Deflecting System Upgrade Initial Simulations for 37 MeV Cyclotron at NPI Řež extraction, cyclotron, septum, simulation 185
 
  • T. Matlocha
    NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic
  
  NPI Řež U-120M multi-par­ti­cle vari­able en­ergy cy­clotron sys­tem for pos­i­tive ions ex­trac­tion con­sists of three elec­tro­sta­tic de­flec­tors, one ac­tive mag­netic chan­nel and an elec­tro­mag­netic bump ex­citer. The de­flec­tors trans­mis­sion ratio for deuterons, alpha par­ti­cles and He­lium 3 ions is rather low, usu­ally about 10%, for pro­tons it is far below 5%. Based on an ex­pe­ri­ence from other cy­clotron lab­o­ra­to­ries, the gen­eral con­cept of the ex­trac­tion sys­tem has been mod­i­fied and the last two elec­tro­sta­tic de­flec­tors were re­placed with two mag­netic chan­nels. In the early stage of the up­grade, sim­u­la­tions were per­formed for pro­tons at 28 MeV and He­lium 3 ions at 44 MeV with and with­out the mag­netic bump ex­citer. The ex­trac­tion ef­fi­ciency and beam losses along the ex­trac­tion path are eval­u­ated. The pre­sented mod­i­fied ex­trac­tion sys­tem sim­u­la­tions sug­gest promis­ing re­sults. The total trans­mis­sion ratio of the de­flect­ing sys­tem has in­creased sig­nif­i­cantly, al­low­ing work to con­tinue and ex­pect a pos­i­tive final re­sult.  
poster icon Poster TUP014 [1.241 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP014  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP016 New Centering Beam Monitor for High Power Proton Beam Rotating Target target, experiment, operation, cyclotron 189
 
  • P.-A. Duperrex, P. Baumann, S. Joray, D.C. Kiselev, D. Laube, D. Reggiani
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  The high in­ten­sity pro­ton ac­cel­er­a­tor (HIPA) at the Paul Scher­rer In­sti­tut (PSI) de­liv­ers 590 MeV c.w. pro­ton beam with cur­rents of up to 2.4 mA, i.e. 1.4 MW beam power, For ex­per­i­ments of nu­clear and ma­te­r­ial re­search the beam is di­rected to the 4 or 6 cm graphite 1 Hz ro­tat­ing tar­get (Tar­get E). Cen­tring the beam on the tar­get is an im­por­tant task for the op­er­a­tion and has safety is­sues in case of beam mis­align­ment. Trans­mis­sion mon­i­tor­ing has been the stan­dard method to op­ti­mize the beam po­si­tion on the tar­get, though not very sen­si­tive. A new method is cur­rently being tested that pro­vides a more sen­si­tive off-axis de­tec­tion. It is based on the de­tec­tion of beam in­ten-sity mod­u­la­tion from the milled grooves at the tar­get edge. This paper pre­sents the con­cept and pre­lim­i­nary ex­per­i­men­tal re­sults that can be ob­tained with this method.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP016  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP017 Manufacturing and Commissioning of Cyclotrons in a Series Production at Varian MMI, cyclotron, extraction, radiation 192
 
  • O. Boldt, M. Eichel, S. Lucht, L. Netterdon, A. Roth, M. Seher, T. Stephani, M. Wiesner
    VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
  
  On 16th March 2019, Var­ian cel­e­brated the 10th an­niver­sary of first pa­tient treat­ment in the Mu­nich Pro­ton Cen­ter, Ger­many. Since the first cy­clotron in­stal­la­tion, 22 more 250 MeV su­per­con­duct­ing isochro­nous pro­ton cy­clotrons have suc­cess­fully been man­u­fac­tured, com­mis­sioned, and tested in our Trois­dorf pro­duc­tion line. Dur­ing this process, an in­creas­ing ex­pe­ri­ence with the cy­clotron’s in­ter­nal mech­a­nisms and un­der­ly­ing physics al­lowed for a nowa­days sig­nif­i­cant faster com­mis­sion­ing lead time with­out hav­ing changed the hard­ware setup sub­stan­tially. Fur­ther­more, we can al­ready ver­ify full clin­i­cal per­for­mance of each cy­clotron in the fac­tory test cells be­fore de­liv­ery to the cus­tomer. Es­sen­tial im­prove­ments in the areas of qual­i­fi­ca­tion of mag­netic field con­fig­u­ra­tion, RF con­di­tion­ing, and beam com­mis­sion­ing are pre­sented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP017  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP019 Recent Extensions of JULIC for HBS Investigations neutron, experiment, cyclotron, target 195
 
  • O. Felden, N. Demary, N.-O. Fröhlich, R. Gebel, Y. Valdau
    FZJ, Jülich, Germany
  • M. Rimmler
    JCNS, Jülich, Germany
  
  At the Forschungszen­trum Jülich (FZJ) the en­ergy vari­able cy­clotron JULIC is used as in­jec­tor of the Cooler Syn­chro­tron (COSY) and for low to medium cur­rent ir­ra­di­a­tions of dif­fer­ent types. Re­cently a new tar­get sta­tion was set up and is mainly used for tests of new tar­get ma­te­ri­als, neu­tron tar­get de­vel­op­ment and neu­tron yield in­ves­ti­ga­tions with high power pro­ton or deuteron beam in per­spec­tive of a high bril­liance ac­cel­er­a­tor based neu­tron source (HBS) with the Jülich Cen­ter for Neu­tron Sci­ence. The neu­trons are pro­duced ex­pos­ing ma­te­r­ial tar­gets or com­pounds to pro­ton or deu­terium par­ti­cles of rel­a­tive low final par­ti­cle en­ergy in the MeV range and will be op­ti­mized for neu­tron scat­ter­ing to be re­al­ized at rea­son­able costs. Be­side this, ToF-ex­per­i­ments are per­formed to in­ves­ti­gate and op­ti­mize the puls­ing struc­ture for HBS. The tar­get sta­tion is in­stalled in­side an ex­per­i­men­tal area of­fer­ing space for com­plex de­tec­tor and com­po­nent se­tups for nu­clear and neu­tron re­lated ex­per­i­ments. But it is used for other pur­poses like elec­tronic or de­tec­tor tests and ir­ra­di­a­tion as well. This re­port briefly sum­ma­rizes the his­tory of JULIC and the ac­tiv­i­ties for its fu­ture per­spec­tives.  
poster icon Poster TUP019 [1.562 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP019  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP020 Beam Properties at the Experimental Target Station of the Proton Therapy in Berlin radiation, experiment, scattering, HOM 199
 
  • J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, J. Holz auf der Heide
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
  
  Be­side the Ther­apy sta­tion for oc­u­lar tu­mors we have an ex­per­i­men­tal area to de­liver pro­tons and other ions. At this place there is also the pos­si­bil­ity to do High En­ergy Pixe mea­sure­ments on sam­ples from cul­tural her­itage. The po­si­tion­ing of the sam­ples under test is pos­si­ble by means of an xy-table with an range of 500x500 mm2 and a load of at least 50 kg, re­pro­ducibil­ity ±0.1 mm. We can change the beam size be­tween 1 mm di­am­e­ter as fo­cused beam and up to 50 mm di­am­e­ter with dif­fer­ent scat­ter­ing foils and ho­mo­ge­neous dose spread. We can de­liver beam in­ten­si­ties from sin­gle pro­tons up to 1012 pro­tons/cm2 * sec The en­ergy can be set to 68 MeV with a sin­gle Bragg peak, spread out Bragg peaks with a me­chan­i­cal range shifter or ab­sorber plates to re­duce the en­ergy. The tim­ing prop­er­ties range from quasi DC to a sin­gle pulse width of 1 ns with a rep­e­ti­tion rate up to 2.4 MHz. In­stead of a scat­ter­ing foil to in­crease the beam spots we also can use beam scan­ning with the fo­cused beam to re­duce the beam losses. We will show the dif­fer­ent beam prop­er­ties at the ex­per­i­men­tal tar­get area for ra­di­a­tion hard­ness test­ing of solar cells, op­ti­cal el­e­ments and elec­tron­ics under test.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP020  
About • paper received ※ 14 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP021 Towards FLASH Proton Irradiation at HZB radiation, target, cyclotron, experiment 202
 
  • G. Kourkafas, J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, T. Fanselow, J. Röhrich
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
  • V.H. Ehrhardt, J. Gollrad, J. Heufelder, A. Weber
    Charite, Berlin, Germany
  
  The HZB cy­clotron has been pro­vid­ing pro­tons for eye-tu­mor treat­ment for more than 20 years. While it has been very suc­cess­ful using con­ven­tional dose rates (15-20 Gy/min), re­cent stud­ies in­di­cate that rapid ir­ra­di­a­tion with very high dose rates (FLASH) might be equally ef­fi­cient against tu­mors but less harm­ful to healthy tis­sues. The flex­i­ble op­er­a­tion schemes of the HZB cy­clotron can pro­vide beams with vari­able in­ten­si­ties and time struc­tures, cov­er­ing a wide un­ex­plored regime within the FLASH re­quire­ments (>40 Gy/s in <500 ms). This paper pre­sents the re­sults of the first FLASH beam pro­duc­tion at HZB to­wards the es­tab­lish­ment of an in-vivo clin­i­cal ir­ra­di­a­tion in the fu­ture.  
poster icon Poster TUP021 [1.031 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP021  
About • paper received ※ 12 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP025 Feasibility Study for Converting the CS-30 Into a Variable Energy Cyclotron for Isotopes Production Using the Internal Target System target, cyclotron, radiation, extraction 212
 
  • H.A. Kassim
    KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • H.F. Akhdar
    Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • F.M. Alrumayan, A.M. Hendy
    King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  
  Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP Strategic Technologies Program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, award no. 14-MAT-1233-20.
This paper re­ports a method to re­duce the beam en­ergy of the CS-30 cy­clotron from 26.5 up to 10 MeV using the in­ter­nal tar­get sys­tem in CS-30 cy­clotrons for iso­topes pro­duc­tion. Ir­ra­di­a­tion of solid tar­gets, in this type of cy­clotrons, take place when the tar­get is po­si­tioned hor­i­zon­tally in­side the cy­clotron tank. In its final po­si­tion, the tar­get plate in­ter­rupts the beam from com­plet­ing its orbit and nu­clear re­ac­tions take place. Cal­cu­la­tions are made to de­ter­mine the beam en­ergy as a func­tion of ra­dius. Ver­i­fi­ca­tion of the new method was achieved by pro­duc­ing pure Ga-68 at an en­ergy level of 11.5 MeV.
[1] Gordon, M. M., Calculation of isochronous fields for sector-focused cyclotrons, Part. Accel., 13 (1983) 67-84
[2] Smith, Lloyd, ORBIT DYNAMICS IN THE SPIRAL-RIDGED CYCLOTRON, (2010)
[3] Kleeven, W. J. G. M., Theory of accelerated orbits and space charge effects in an AVF cyclotron Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, (1988)DOI: 10.6100/IR288492
 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP025  
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TUP031 Design and Construction Progress of Cyclotron Based Proton Irradiation Facility for Space Science cyclotron, radiation, ion-source, cavity 230
 
  • Y.L. Lv, S. An, T. Cui, T. Ge, B. Ji, X.L. Jia, S.L. Wang, T.J. Zhang
    CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  The pro­ton ir­ra­di­a­tion fa­cil­ity for space sci­ence re­search and ap­pli­ca­tion con­sists of a 50 MeV pro­ton cy­clotron, two beam lines and two ra­di­a­tion ef­fect sim­u­la­tion ex­per­i­men­tal tar­get sta­tion. The 50 MeV pro­ton cy­clotron (CY­CIAE-50) is a com­pact neg­a­tive hy­dro­gen ion cy­clotron with the pro­ton beam en­ergy from 30 MeV to 50 MeV, and the beam in­ten­sity is from 10 nA to 10 uA. The cy­clotron is about 3.2 m in di­am­e­ter, 3.5 m in total height and 80 tons in total weight. The di­am­e­ter of the pole is 2000 mm, the outer di­am­e­ter of the yoke is 3200 mm, and the height of mag­net is 1500 mm. The cy­clotron uses an ex­ter­nal multi-cusp H− ion source. Then the H− beam is in­jected into the ac­cel­er­at­ing orbit by the spi­ral in­flec­tor. The cy­clotron fre­quency is about 16 MHz. The RF sys­tem is a pair of λ/2 RF cav­i­ties dri­ven by a 25 kW trans­mit­ter. The fourth har­monic ac­cel­er­at­ing fre­quency is about 65 MHz. The pro­ton beam is ex­tracted by a sin­gle mov­able strip­ping car­bon foil with the strip­ping ex­trac­tion ef­fi­ciency of 99%. The 50 MeV cy­clotron has now been de­signed in de­tail, and its main com­po­nents, such as the main mag­nets and RF cav­i­ties, are being man­u­fac­tured in the fac­to­ries in China.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP031  
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TUP033 Concept of 15 Mev Cyclotron for Medical Isotopes Production cyclotron, vacuum, cavity, acceleration 233
 
  • O. Karamyshev
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  The pur­pose of this ar­ti­cle is to show the prospects of cy­clotrons with re­sis­tive coils and prove that even in such a well-es­tab­lished field there is still room for in­no­va­tion. The con­cept of a 15 MeV cy­clotron ac­cel­er­at­ing H¯ ions with a cur­rent of up to 1 mA is pre­sented. The de­sign fea­tures sig­nif­i­cantly lower weight and power con­sump­tion, com­pared to the ma­jor­ity of ex­ist­ing cy­clotrons of the same en­ergy.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP033  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP034 Study of MERIT Ring for Intense Secondary Particle Production target, acceleration, experiment, betatron 237
 
  • H. Okita, Y. Ishi, Y. Kuriyama, Y. Mori, T. Uesugi
    Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
  
  Funding: This work is partially supported by ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (Cabinet Office, Government of Japan).
An in­tense neg­a­tive muon source MERIT (Mul­ti­plex En­ergy Re­cov­ery In­ter­nal Tar­get) for the nu­clear trans­for­ma­tion to mit­i­gate the long-lived fis­sion prod­ucts from nu­clear plants have been pro­posed. For the pur­pose of proof-of prin­ci­ple of the MERIT scheme, a FFA (Fixed Field Al­ter­nat­ing fo­cus­ing) ring has been de­vel­oped and beam ex­per­i­ments have been car­ried out. In this con­fer­ence, the re­sults of this study will be re­ported. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP034  
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TUP035 Development of a Center Region for New Sumitomo Cyclotron cyclotron, ion-source, cathode, extraction 240
 
  • N. Kamiguchi, M. Hirabayashi, J. Kanakura, Y. Kumata, Y. Mikami, H. Murata, H. Oda, T. Tachikawa, T. Takahashi, T. Tsurudome, H. Tsutsui, J.Y. Yoshida
    SHI, Kanagawa, Japan
  
  We, Sum­it­omo Heavy In­dus­tries, Ltd., have been de­vel­op­ing a new AVF cy­clotron which em­ploys a su­per-con­duct­ing mag­net. This cy­clotron pur­poses pro­ton ther­apy fields and is most com­pact and high in­ten­sity among AVF cy­clotrons which can ac­cel­er­ate to 230 MeV. In this paper we re­port and focus on its cen­ter re­gion. The cen­ter re­gion con­sists of bel­lows. The PIG ion source with hot cath­ode is lo­cated at the cen­ter of the cy­clotron. As this cy­clotron has 3 T mag­netic field, the fil­a­ment re­ceives the Lorentz force strongly. To avoid the fil­a­ment de­for­ma­tion, AC cur­rent heat­ing is newly in­tro­duced into this ion source. The over 40 µA out­put have been al­ready con­firmed in our test bench. The ex­trac­tion of the pro­ton beam is con­ducted with an RF elec­tric field. On one counter dee elec­trode a beam chop­per is equipped and on the other counter dee elec­trode, phase slits, a pair of ver­ti­cal beam dumpers and a beam probe are equipped. To con­trol the beam cur­rent, sta­tic elec­tric beam chop­pers de­flect the beam di­rec­tion ver­ti­cally. C-H coils are put on out­side of the cen­ter re­gion in the val­ley. In this paper, the con­cept of the cen­ter re­gion of this new cy­clotron will be dis­cussed.  
poster icon Poster TUP035 [1.416 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP035  
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TUP037 Compact Cotangential Orbit Accelerator for Particle Therapy extraction, kicker, septum, cavity 245
 
  • T. Hae, H. Hiramoto
    Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi Research Laboratory, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
  • T. Aoki, C. Hori, Y. Nakashima, F. Noda, T. Seki
    Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki-ken, Japan
  
  A new type ac­cel­er­a­tor is being de­vel­oped for the next gen­er­a­tion par­ti­cle ther­apy sys­tem. This ac­cel­er­a­tor uti­lizes a weak fo­cus­ing DC mag­netic field and a fre­quency mod­u­lated RF ac­cel­er­a­tion. Since a su­per­con­duct­ing mag­net is ap­plic­a­ble to the main mag­net, the ac­cel­er­a­tor can be com­pact. The ac­cel­er­a­tor char­ac­ter­is­ti­cally has cotan­gen­tial or­bits to form an or­bit-con­cen­trated re­gion. A beam is ex­tracted from the re­gion by using a new ex­trac­tion method with the trans-verse RF kicker, peeler and re­gen­er­a­tor mag­netic fields. In this method an ex­tracted beam en­ergy can be con­trolled by ap­plied time of the ac­cel­er­a­tion RF volt­age with­out using an en­ergy se­lec­tion sys­tem (ESS). In­ten­sity and pulse width of the ex­tracted beam can be con­trolled by a volt­age and / or a fre­quency pat­tern of the RF kicker.  
poster icon Poster TUP037 [0.740 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP037  
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TUC01 Review and Current Status of the 70 MeV High Intensity Proton Cyclotron at Legnaro cyclotron, operation, target, MMI 248
 
  • M. Maggiore, P. Antonini, A. Lombardi, L. Pranovi
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • Z. Filipovski
    UI PET, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
  
  In 2017 the new cy­clotron has been suc­cess­fully com­mis­sioned and started the op­er­a­tion at Lab­o­ra­tori Nazion­ali di Leg­naro (LNL) of INFN . The cy­clotron is the pro­ton dri­ver fore­seen for the Se­lec­tive Pro­duc­tion of Ex­otic Species (SPES) pro­ject, pro­vid­ing the high power beam for ra­dioac­tive ion beams (RIBs) pro­duc­tion by the ISOL tech­nique. The SPES fa­cil­ity is today under con­struc­tion and first low en­ergy RIBs are ex­pected to be avail­able on 2021. The fa­cil­ity has been de­signed in order to ex­ploit the ver­sa­til­ity of the cy­clotron in terms of wide range of en­ergy and beam cur­rent ex­tracted: 35-70 MeV en­ergy and 20 nA - 500 µA of av­er­age cur­rent. More­over, the pos­si­bil­ity to ex­tract at the same time two pro­ton beams al­lows to share these both for ex­per­i­men­tal physics ses­sion and ap­pli­ca­tions. In par­tic­u­lar, at LNL a col­lab­o­ra­tion be­tween pri­vate com­pany and pub­lic in­sti­tu­tion will lead to a prof­itable syn­ergy in R&D of new ra­dioiso­topes and the re­lated pro­duc­tion. In the ses­sion the re­sults of the com­mis­sion­ing and the op­er­a­tion of cy­clotron will be pre­sented as well as the de­scrip­tion of the SPES fa­cil­ity to­gether with its po­ten­tial­ity in nu­clear physics re­search and ap­pli­ca­tions.  
slides icon Slides TUC01 [14.176 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUC01  
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TUC02 Status of the HZB Cyclotron radiation, cyclotron, controls, experiment 253
 
  • A. Denker, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, T. Fanselow, D. Hildebrand, U. Hiller, I. Kailouh, G. Kourkafas, S. Ozierenski, C. Rethfeldt, J. Röhrich, S. Seidel, C. Zimmer
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
  • D. Cordini, J. Heufelder, R. Stark, A. Weber
    Charite, Berlin, Germany
  
  For more than 20 years eye tu­mours are treated in col­lab­o­ra­tion with the Charité - Uni­ver­sitätsmedi­zin Berlin. The close co-op­er­a­tion be­tween Charité and HZB per­mits joint in­ter­dis­ci­pli­nary re­search. Ir­ra­di­a­tions with ei­ther a sharp, well fo­cused or a broad beam, ei­ther in vac­uum or in air are pos­si­ble. In ad­di­tion, a 60Co-source for gamma-ir­ra­di­a­tions is avail­able. Ex­per­i­ments now com­prise dosime­try, de­tec­tor com­par­isons, am­bu­lant mouse ir­ra­di­a­tions, in­clud­ing class I gene-mod­i­fied mice. Fur­ther­more, ra­di­a­tion hard­ness tests on de­tec­tors, CCD-cam­eras and other elec­tron­ics are per­formed. In order to im­prove the beam di­ag­no­sis be­tween the 2 MV in­jec­tor Tande­tron and the cy­clotron a harp has been in­stalled, lead­ing to new beam line cal­cu­la­tions for the in­jec­tion line. The ac­cel­er­a­tor op­er­a­tion for ther­apy as well as on-go­ing ex­per­i­ments and re­sults will be pre­sented.  
slides icon Slides TUC02 [1.965 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUC02  
About • paper received ※ 14 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUC04 Status of the Cyclotron Facility at Research Center for Nuclear Physics cyclotron, operation, ion-source, neutron 259
 
  • H. Kanda, M. Fukuda, S. Hara, T. Hara, K. Hatanaka, K. Kamakura, H.W. Koay, S. Morinobu, Y. Morita, M. Nakao, K. Omoto, T. Saito, K. Takeda, H. Tamura, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita
    RCNP, Osaka, Japan
  
  Re­search Cen­ter for Nu­clear Physics (RCNP), Osaka Uni­ver­sity op­er­ates a K140 AVF cy­clotron and a K400 ring cy­clotron and pro­motes the nu­clear physics, ac­cel­er­a­tor physics, ma­te­r­ial sci­ence, nu­clear med­i­cine and re­lated sci­en­tific fields. In the re­cent years, we op­er­ated the CAGRA cam­paign and Grand-RAIDEN+CAGRA cam­paign ex­per­i­ments* for tak­ing ad­van­tage of the low back­ground en­vi­ron­ment of the RCNP ex­per­i­men­tal halls and the high qual­ity beams. We have suc­cess­fully com­pleted the low en­ergy muon beam line, MuSIC**. We have been car­ry­ing out a pro­gram of the up­grade of the K140 AVF cy­clotron which con­tin­ued work­ing since 1973. We aim at 10 times higher in­ten­sity for the pro­ton beam than be­fore and fur­ther sta­bil­ity of the op­er­a­tion. We also car­ried out the up­grade of the cy­clotron build­ing and re­lated fa­cil­i­ties to han­dle beams with higher in­ten­sity. From 2019, the RCNP started the Re­search Cen­ter of Sub­atomic Sci­ences as the In­ter­na­tional Joint Usage/Re­search Cen­ter in Japan. These up­grades are the most im­por­tant pro­grams to ex­tend the func­tion of the newly es­tab­lished cen­ter.
*E. Ideguchi, SSNET’17 - Abstracts and slides, (p. 1990). France, (2017).
**D. Tomono, PoS(NuFact2017) 111, (2018).
 
slides icon Slides TUC04 [8.696 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUC04  
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WEB01 Status of FFAs (Modelling and Existing/planned Machines) cyclotron, lattice, synchrotron, focusing 266
 
  • J.-B. Lagrange, D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida, C.R. Prior, C.T. Rogers
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  
  Since their re­birth two decades ago, great progress has been made in Fixed Field al­ter­nat­ing gra­di­ent Ac­cel­er­a­tor (FFA) de­sign, with dif­fer­ent op­ti­cal con­cepts and tech­no­log­i­cal de­vel­op­ments. Sev­eral ma­chines have been built, and oth­ers are planned. The talk will re­view the re­cent progress around the world.  
slides icon Slides WEB01 [7.965 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-WEB01  
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WEB04 BDSIM Simulation of the Complete Radionuclide Production Beam Line from Beam Splitter to Target Station at the PSI Cyclotron Facility simulation, septum, target, cyclotron 275
 
  • H. Zhang, R. Eichler, J. Grillenberger, W. Hirzel, S. Joray, D.C. Kiselev, J.M. Schippers, J. Snuverink, R. Sobbia, A. Sommerhalder, Z. Talip, N.P. van der Meulen
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  • L.J. Nevay
    Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
  • L.J. Nevay
    JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
  
  The beam line for ra­dionu­clide pro­duc­tion on the PSI Cy­clotron Fa­cil­ity starts with an elec­tro­sta­tic beam split­ter, which peels pro­tons of a few tens of mi­croam­pere from a beam around two mil­liampere. The peeled beam is then guided onto a tar­get sta­tion for rou­tine pro­duc­tion of a va­ri­ety of ra­dionu­clides [1]. Beam De­liv­ery Sim­u­la­tion (BDSIM), a Geant4 based sim­u­la­tion tool, en­ables the sim­u­la­tion of not only beam trans­porta­tion through op­tics el­e­ments like dipoles and quadrupoles, but also par­ti­cle pas­sage through com­po­nents like col­li­ma­tor and de­grader [2-3]. Fur­ther­more, BDSIM fa­cil­i­tates user built el­e­ments with ac­com­pa­ny­ing elec­tro­mag­netic field, which is es­sen­tial for the mod­el­ing of the first el­e­ment of the beam line, the elec­tro­sta­tic beam split­ter. With a model in­clud­ing all el­e­ments from beam split­ter to tar­get, BDSIM sim­u­la­tion de­liv­ers a bet­ter spec­i­fi­ca­tion of the beam along the com­plete line, for ex­am­ple, beam pro­file, beam trans­mis­sion, en­ergy spec­trum, as well as power de­posit, which is of im­por­tance not only for pre­sent op­er­a­tion but also for fur­ther de­vel­op­ment.
REFERENCES
[1] M. Olivo and H. W. Reist, Proc. EPAC’88, Rome, Italy, June 1988, pp. 1300-1302.
[2] www.pp.rhul.ac.uk/bdsim
[3] S. Agostinelli, et al, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A(3) 250-303. 		 
slides icon Slides WEB04 [4.761 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-WEB04  
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THB01 Review of High Power Cyclotrons and Their Applications cyclotron, cavity, experiment, acceleration 289
 
  • L. Calabretta, D. Rifuggiato
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • M. Maggiore
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  
  An in­com­plete re­view of ex­ist­ing ma­chines and of pre­sent new pro­jects of high power cy­clotrons is here pre­sented. Both high en­ergy and low/medium en­ergy cy­clotrons will be de­scribed. Spe­cific re­quests for dif­fer­ent fields of ap­pli­ca­tions are also dis­cussed.  
slides icon Slides THB01 [11.837 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB01  
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THB02 Production of 70 MeV Proton Beam in a Superconducting Cyclotron cyclotron, extraction, acceleration, focusing 294
 
  • V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  Pro­duc­tion of 70 MeV pro­ton beams with help of a cy­clotron-type fa­cil­ity is one of highly re­quested tasks presently. Such beams are used for med­ical ap­pli­ca­tions in­clud­ing di­rect tumor ir­ra­di­a­tion and also for pro­duc­tion of med­ical iso­topes. The ap­pli­ca­tions men­tioned above dic­tate cor­re­spond­ing re­quire­ments im­posed on the beam qual­ity and in­ten­sity. For pro­ton ther­apy treat­ment it is suf­fi­cient to have 300-600 nA out­put beam cur­rent with rather strict tol­er­ance on the trans­verse beam qual­ity. On the other hand, for the iso­tope pro­duc­tion the major re­quire­ment is high enough beam in­ten­sity (hun­dreds µA) with less de­mand­ing beam qual­ity. Nowa­days, for pro­duc­tion of the pro­ton beams in the en­ergy range con­sid­ered cy­clotrons with re­sis­tive coil weight­ing ~200 tons are mostly used. In these cy­clotrons two ex­trac­tion meth­ods - with elec­tro­sta­tic de­flec­tor and with strip­ping foils - can pro­vide some­what dif­fer­ent qual­ity of the out­put beam. In given re­port a pos­si­bil­ity of using a su­per­con­duct­ing cy­clotron in­stead of room-tem­per­a­ture one is con­sid­ered. To this end, ac­cel­er­a­tion of var­i­ous ions was in­ves­ti­gated with analy­sis of the main fa­cil­ity pa­ra­me­ters and re­sult­ing out­put beams.  
slides icon Slides THB02 [2.733 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB02  
About • paper received ※ 06 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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THB03 Conceptual Design of TR100+: An Innovative Superconducting Cyclotron for Commercial Isotopes Production cyclotron, extraction, acceleration, electron 298
 
  • Y.-N. Rao, R.A. Baartman, Y. Bylinskii, T. Planche, L.G. Zhang
    TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
  
  Uti­liz­ing ded­i­cated cy­clotrons to pro­duce med­ical iso­topes is an aris­ing tech­nol­ogy in hos­pi­tals across Canada. Thus, in Jan­u­ary 2015, the Cy­cloMed99 team, led by TRI­UMF, demon­strated a break­through in pro­duc­ing the world’s most highly used med­ical iso­tope, tech­netium-99m (Tc-99m), on ex­ist­ing med­ical cy­clotrons. Now we pro­pose to de­sign an in­no­v­a­tive su­per­con­duct­ing cy­clotron for pro­duc­tion of com­mer­cially valu­able ra­dioiso­topes. This pro­ject will be fo­cus­ing on a pro­ton en­ergy of 70-150 MeV and pro­ton cur­rent of 2 mA. In this en­ergy range, nu­mer­ous in­creas­ingly de­manded radio­nuclides can be pro­duced, ei­ther as par­ent nu­clei for gen­er­a­tor use, or di­rectly as a ac­tive phar­ma­ceu­ti­cal in­gre­di­ent, e.g. Stron­tium-82 (Sr-82), Ac­tinium-235 (Ac-235) and Bis­muth-213 (Bi-213). Our ma­chine shall be de­signed to ac­cel­er­ate H2+, by in­jec­tion from ex­ter­nal ion source and ex­trac­tion by strip­ping. This shall allow to si­mul­ta­ne­ously ex­tract mul­ti­ple cw pro­ton beams of vari­able cur­rents and po­ten­tially vari­able en­er­gies to mul­ti­ple ex­per­i­men­tal sta­tions with ex­tremely high ex­trac­tion ef­fi­ciency. The basic pa­ra­me­ters of the ma­chine and the sim­u­la­tions of strip­ping ex­trac­tion will be pre­sented.  
slides icon Slides THB03 [3.030 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB03  
About • paper received ※ 17 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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THB04 Development of a Transparent Profiler Based on Secondary Electrons Emission for Charged Particle Beams radiation, electron, detector, cyclotron 302
 
  • C. Thiebaux, Y. Geerebaert, F. Magniette, P. Manigot, M. Verderi
    LLR, Palaiseau, France
  • G. Blain, F. Haddad, N. Michel, N. Servagent, T. Sounalet
    SUBATECH, Nantes, France
  • B. Boyer, E. Delagnes, F.T. Gebreyohannes, O. Gevin
    CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • F. Haddad, C. Koumeir, F. Poirier
    Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
  
  Funding: This study is supported by three programs of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-17-CE31-0015, ANR- 11-EQPX-0004 and the LABEX P2IO.
The PEPITES pro­ject* aims at re­al­iz­ing an op­er­a­tional pro­to­type of an ul­tra-thin, ra­di­a­tion-re­sis­tant pro­filer able to per­ma­nently op­er­ate on mid-en­ergy (O(100 MeV)) charged par­ti­cle ac­cel­er­a­tors. PEPITES uses sec­ondary elec­tron emis­sion (SEE) for the sig­nal be­cause it re­quires only a min­i­mal thick­ness of ma­te­r­ial (10 nm); very lin­ear, it also of­fers a great dy­namic. The lat­eral beam pro­file is sam­pled using seg­mented elec­trodes, con­structed by thin film meth­ods. Gold strips, as thin as the elec­tri­cal con­duc­tiv­ity al­lows (~ 50 nm), are de­posited on an as thin as pos­si­ble in­su­lat­ing sub­strate. When cross­ing the gold, the beam ejects the elec­trons by SEE, the cur­rent thus formed in each strip al­lows the sam­pling. The tech­nique was val­i­dated at AR­RONAX with 68 MeV pro­ton beams for in­ten­si­ties from 100 fA to 10 nA. SEE is char­ac­ter­ized up to 100 nA at AR­RONAX and med­ical en­er­gies at CPO**. Elec­trodes were sub­jected to doses of up to 109 Gy with­out show­ing sig­nif­i­cant degra­da­tion. A demon­stra­tor with ded­i­cated elec­tron­ics (CEA) will be in­stalled at AR­RONAX and used rou­tinely. The per­for­mances of the sys­tem and its be­hav­ior over time will thus be char­ac­ter­ized.
*LLR, ARRONAX cyclotron and CEA
**Orsay Protontherapy Center (Institut Curie)
 		 
slides icon Slides THB04 [16.785 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB04  
About • paper received ※ 13 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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FRA01 A New Solution for Cost Effective, High Average Power (2 GeV, 6 MW) Proton Accelerator and its R&D Activities FFAG, cavity, resonance, cyclotron 334
 
  • T.J. Zhang, S. An, T.J. Bian, F.P. Guan, M. Li, S. Pei, C. Wang, F. Wang, Z.G. Yin
    CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  The 100 MeV com­pact cy­clotron, CY­CIAE-100 was ap­proved to start the con­struc­tion in 2011, and the first pro­ton beam was ex­tracted on July 4, 2014. In 2017, the 200 µA pro­ton beam de­vel­op­ment was con­ducted, and in 2018, the pro­duc­tion of high power beam from 20 kW to 52 kW had been de­liv­ered suc­cess­fully to the beam dump. Due to the suc­cess­ful con­struc­tion of 435 tons mag­net for CY­CIAE-100, it has been proved that the gra­di­ent ad­just­ment of mag­netic field along ra­dius can ef­fec­tively en­hance the ver­ti­cal fo­cus­ing dur­ing the isochro­nous ac­cel­er­a­tion. This key tech­nol­ogy was ap­plied to the gen­eral de­sign of a 2 GeV CW pro­ton ac­cel­er­a­tor, the en­ergy lim­i­ta­tion of the isochro­nous ma­chine is in­creased from ~1 GeV to 2 GeV, by our con­tri­bu­tion of the beam dy­nam­ics study for high en­ergy isochro­nous FFAG. This paper will in­tro­duce CIAE’s en­gi­neer­ing ex­pe­ri­ence of pre­ci­sion mag­net, high power RF sys­tems, and the ad­van­tages of beam dy­nam­ics sim­u­la­tion based on large-scale par­al­lel com­put­ing. The cost-ef­fec­tive so­lu­tion for such a 2 GeV high power cir­cu­lar ac­cel­er­a­tor com­plex will be pre­sented in de­tail after the brief in­tro­duc­tion about the high power pro­ton beam pro­duc­tion by the CY­CIAE-100.  
slides icon Slides FRA01 [19.669 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA01  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2020       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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FRA02 Current Status of Sumitomo’s Superconducting Cyclotron Development for Proton Therapy cyclotron, extraction, cavity, ion-source 340
 
  • H. Tsutsui, Y. Arakawa, Y. Ebara, A. Hashimoto, M. Hirabayashi, T. Hirayama, N. Kamiguchi, J. Kanakura, Y. Kumata, Y. Mikami, H. Mitsubori, T. Miyashita, T. Morie, H. Murata, H. Oda, H. Ookubo, T. Sakemi, M. Sano, T. Tachikawa, T. Takahashi, K. Taki, T. Tsurudome, T. Watanabe, J.Y. Yoshida
    SHI, Tokyo, Japan
  
  Sum­it­omo Heavy In­dus­tries, Ltd. is de­vel­op­ing a com-pact su­per­con­duct­ing isochro­nous 230 MeV cy­clotron for pro­ton ther­apy. It is de­signed to pro­duce 1000 nA pro­ton beams for high dose rate can­cer treat­ment. The cy­clotron mag­net, which in­cludes a liq­uid-he­lium-free cryo­stat, has been fab­ri­cated and the mag­netic field has been mea­sured. Mag­netic field dis­tri­b­u­tion and pa-ram­e­ters such as hor­i­zon­tal and ver­ti­cal tunes agreed well with the orig­i­nal de­sign. A 120 kW solid-state RF sys­tem is being tested. Other com­po­nents such as the ion source and elec­tro­sta­tic de­flec­tor are being fab­ri­cated. After the test­ing of in­di­vid­ual com­po­nents, they will be as­sem­bled and beam test­ing will be sched­uled at a new test site.  
slides icon Slides FRA02 [8.556 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA02  
About • paper received ※ 13 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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FRA03 Energy Reduction of Varian’s ProBeam 250 MeV Cyclotron to 226 MeV cyclotron, extraction, MMI, simulation 344
 
  • A. Roth, E.M. Akcöltekin, O. Boldt, F. Klarner, H. Röcken, T. Stephani, J.C. Wittschen
    VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
  
  With its su­per­con­duct­ing 250 MeV isochro­nous pro­ton cy­clotron AC250, Var­ian uses a pow­er­ful ac­cel­er­a­tor for the ProBeam par­ti­cle ther­apy sys­tems. How­ever, data from clin­i­cal op­er­a­tion has shown that the vast ma­jor­ity of treat­ments is only mak­ing use of pro­ton ranges of less than 30 cm WET (water equiv­a­lent thick­ness), i.e. beam en­ergy of 218 MeV at the pa­tient. This led to a de­ci­sion at Var­ian in Dec 2018 to con­duct a re­design pro­gram with the goal to re­duce ex­trac­tion en­ergy of the ProBeam cy­clotron to 226 MeV. We pre­sent beam dy­nam­ics sim­u­la­tions for the AC226 beam ac­cel­er­a­tion and ex­trac­tion. They ac­tu­ally show that only a re­duced main coil cur­rent and adapted mag­netic shim­ming process, as well as a slightly lower RF fre­quency is needed for re-tune. Fur­ther­more, re­sults in­di­cate that a sim­i­lar per­for­mance as com­pared to the AC250 can be ex­pected. A first of its kind (FOIK) AC226 cy­clotron is built by seam­less in­te­gra­tion into Var­ian’s pro­duc­tion process. The mag­netic field mea­sure­ment and shim­ming is com­pleted, in-house RF and beam com­mis­sion­ing is planned for au­tumn 2019. We re­port on the sta­tus of the FOIK ma­chine.  
slides icon Slides FRA03 [4.697 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA03  
About • paper received ※ 14 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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FRA04 Cyclotrons Based Facilities for Single Event Effects Testing of Spacecraft Electronics radiation, electron, heavy-ion, detector 348
 
  • P.A. Chubunov, A.S. Bychkov
    ISDE, Moscow, Russia
  • V.S. Anashin, A.E. Koziukov
    United Rocket and Space Corporation, Institute of Space Device Engineering, Moscow, Russia
  • I.V. Kalagin, S.V. Mitrofanov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  Space ra­di­a­tion is the main fac­tor lim­it­ing the op­er­a­tion time of the on­board equip­ment of the space­craft due to the ra­di­a­tion ef­fects oc­cur­ring in the elec­tronic com­po­nents. With a de­crease in the size of semi­con­duc­tor struc­tures, the sen­si­tiv­ity to the ef­fects of in­di­vid­ual nu­clear par­ti­cles in­creases and hit­ting one such par­ti­cle can cause an upset or even fail­ure of a com­po­nent or sys­tem as a whole. Since the phe­nom­e­non oc­curs due to the im­pact of a sep­a­rate par­ti­cle, these ra­di­a­tion ef­fects are called Sin­gle Event Ef­fects (SEE). To be sure that the elec­tronic com­po­nent is op­er­a­tional in space, ground tests are nec­es­sary. SEE tests are car­ried out on test fa­cil­i­ties that allow ac­cel­er­at­ing heavy ions from C to Bi to en­er­gies from 3 to a few dozen MeV/A. Cy­clotrons are best suited for this pur­pose. In this paper, the in­stal­la­tions cre­ated by re­quest of ISDE based on the cy­clotrons of FLNR JINR are de­scribed.  
slides icon Slides FRA04 [0.849 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA04  
About • paper received ※ 17 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 27 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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