IPAC2015 - List of Keywords (operation)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOXGB2	Commissioning and Operation of 12 GeV CEBAF	linac, cryomodule, cavity, SRF	1
	A. Freyberger JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) located at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Laboratory (JLab) has been recently upgraded to deliver continuous electron beams to the experimental users at a maximum energy of 12 GeV, three times the original design energy of 4 GeV. This paper will present an overview of the upgrade, referred to as the 12GeV upgrade, and highlights from recent beam commissioning results.
	Slides MOXGB2 [4.359 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOXGB2
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MOXGB3	LHC Commissioning at Higher Energy	dipole, injection, hardware, cryogenics	6
	P. Collier, F. Bordry, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The LHC has just come to the end of its first Long Shutdown (LS1) and preparations are underway to prepare for Run 2 data taking at 13 TeV centre of mass energy. After briefly recalling the major work undertaken during the 2-year long LS1, details will be given of the cool-down and hardware commissioning phase where each individual superconducting circuit is individually qualified for operation at nominal current. For the main dipole circuits this phase was completed with a quench training campaign in order to operate reliably at the required field. In parallel to the training campaign a rigorous cold checkout has been used to qualify the machine as an ensemble and to establish the conditions necessary for beam operation. The details of this phase will be given together with associated dry runs and beam injection tests. Finally, the latest news will be presented concerning the beam commissioning of the machine in preparation for first physics operation, which will hopefully begin in June.
	Slides MOXGB3 [8.452 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOXGB3
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MOBC3	Electron Lenses for Experiments on Nonlinear Dynamics with Wide Stable Tune Spreads in the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator	electron, lattice, solenoid, optics	46
	G. Stancari, K. Carlson, M.W. McGee, L.E. Nobrega, A.L. Romanov, J. Ruan, A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA D. Noll IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	Funding: Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy. Recent developments in the study of integrable Hamiltonian systems have led to nonlinear accelerator lattice designs with two transverse invariants. These lattices may drastically improve the performance of high-power machines, providing wide tune spreads and Landau damping to protect the beam from instabilities, while preserving dynamic aperture. To test the feasibility of these concepts, the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) is being designed and built at Fermilab. One way to obtain a nonlinear integrable lattice is by using the fields generated by a magnetically confined electron beam (electron lens) overlapping with the circulating beam. The parameters of the required device are similar to the ones of existing electron lenses. We present theory, numerical simulations, and first design studies of electron lenses for nonlinear integrable optics.
	Slides MOBC3 [11.870 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOBC3
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MOAD1	Development of High Gradient RF System for J-PARC Upgrade	cavity, impedance, proton, acceleration	50
	C. Ohmori, K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, M. Toda, M. Yoshii KEK, Ibaraki, Japan M. Nomura, T. Shimada, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan A. Schnase GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	A new 5-cell cavity has been developed for the upgrade of the J-PARC Main Ring. In the cavity, high impedance magnetic alloy - Finemet FT3L, cores are loaded. The cavity was installed and has been used for the 250 kW beam operation. The cavity is operated with the RF voltage of 70 kV which is two times higher voltage than the present cavities. Eight more cavities will be assembled and installed in the next two years to increase the repetition rate of the Main Ring. This paper describes status of cavity operation under the beam loading and status of the mass productions of the cavities.
	Slides MOAD1 [2.551 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOAD1
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MOAD2	RF Breakdown of 805 MHz Cavities in Strong Magnetic Fields	cavity, Windows, controls, klystron	53
	D.L. Bowring, A.V. Kochemirovskiy, M.A. Leonova, A. Moretti, M.A. Palmer, D.W. Peterson, K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA B.T. Freemire IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA A.A. Haase SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA P.G. Lane, Y. Torun Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA D. Stratakis BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Ionization cooling of intense muon beams requires the operation of high-gradient, normal-conducting RF structures in the presence of strong magnetic fields. We have measured the breakdown rate in several RF cavities operating at several frequencies. Cavities operating within solenoidal magnetic fields B > 0.25 T show an increased RF breakdown rate at lower gradients compared with similar operation when B = 0 T. Ultimately, this breakdown behavior limits the maximum safe operating gradient of the cavity. Beyond ionization cooling, this issue affects the design of photoinjectors and klystrons, among other applications. We have built an 805 MHz pillbox-type RF cavity to serve as an experimental testbed for this phenomenon. This cavity is designed to study the problem of RF breakdown in strong magnetic fields using various cavity materials and surface treatments, and with precise control over sources of systematic error. We present results from tests in which the cavity was run with all copper surfaces in a variety of magnetic fields.
	Slides MOAD2 [10.792 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOAD2
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MOPWA018	Loss Factor and Impedance Analysis of Warm Components of BERLinPro	factory, impedance, simulation, wakefield	128
	H.-W. Glock, M. Abo-Bakr, J. Kolbe, F. Pflocksch, A. Schälicke HZB, Berlin, Germany H.-W. Glock, C. Potratz COMPAEC e.G., Rostock, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin, and grants of Helmholtz Association The ongoing component design for the HZB 50 MeV, 100mA ERL project BERLinPro is accompanied by loss factor and impedance computations. A list of accelerator components including bellows, collimators, tapers, shutter valves etc. is given, some of them with alternative shapes. Loss factors, calculated using CSTParticleStudio®, are presented together with important properties of the impedance spectrum. Scaling of the loss factors with respect to bunch length is calculated on base of the numerical simulations and is used to extrapolate down to a bunch length (1 standard deviation) of 0.6 mm, which is hard to reach directly in numerical simulations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPWA018
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MOPWA021	Transverse Resonance Island Buckets at the MLS and BESSY II	resonance, radiation, electron, photon	138
	M. Ries, J. Feikes, T. Goetsch, P. Goslawski, J. Li, M. Ruprecht, A. Schälicke, G. Wüstefeld HZB, Berlin, Germany
	By operating the Metrology Light Source (MLS) near horizontal resonances (fx/frev=1/2, 1/3 or 1/4), two, three or four resonance island buckets may be populated for beam storage. This paper presents experimental results and operational experience such as tuning the machine for high current, controlling inter-bucket diffusion rates, improving overall lifetime and extraction of radiation pulses with sub-revolution repetition rate. First approaches to transfer this mode of operation to the BESSY II storage ring will also be presented.
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MOPWA023	Preserving Information of the Three Spatial Electron Beam Dimensions in One Streak Camera Measurement	electron, synchrotron, photon, diagnostics	144
	M.T. Switka, W. Hillert ELSA, Bonn, Germany
	Funding: Work funded by the DFG within SFB/TRR16 At the pulse stretcher ring ELSA, a streak camera is used for the analysis of visible synchrotron radiation. It functions as fast time resolving beam diagnostic apparatus capable of visualizing dynamics down to the picosecond time range. The optical beamline splits the photon beam and projects the electron beam's image onto the streak camera with transversely perpendicular orientation and slight displacement, thereby providing simultaneous imaging of both transverse planes. Thus, the information of bunch and beam dynamics in three dimensions is preserved and can be observed in slow sweep or synchroscan operation. Characteristics and exemplary measurements, demonstrating the capabilities and limits of this technique, are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPWA023
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MOPWA027	Generic Settings Generation for FAIR: First Experience at SIS18	resonance, framework, controls, cavity	156
	D. Ondreka, J. Fitzek, H. Liebermann, R. Müller GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The accelerators of the FAIR facility will be operated using a new control system presently under design at GSI. One of its major components, the module for settings generation and management, is based on the framework LSA developed at CERN. Its task is the provision and administration of set values for all devices in the FAIR facility. The set values for any accelerator are derived from a machine model, implemented by accelerator physicists using the features of the LSA framework. In view of the large number of accelerators in the FAIR facility, the aim is to develop a generic model, applicable to any of those machines. This requires the introduction of an additional logical layer on top of the LSA framework, ensuring the coherence of the modeling strategy across all accelerators. Following this design concept, a prototype of the FAIR settings management system has been realized at GSI, providing support for a large number of operation modes relevant for the later operation of FAIR. The prototype has been used extensively during recent machine experiments with the synchrotron SIS18, performed both to benchmark the machine model and to support further machine developments for FAIR.
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MOPWA038	Sensitivity of Linac Optics to Focusing and Energy Errors	optics, focusing, linac, quadrupole	193
	V. Balandin, W. Decking, N. Golubeva DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The ability to control beam optics in the presence of such imperfections as focusing and energy gain errors is essential for a successful operation of high brightness electron linacs providing beams for free-electron lasers. We characterize the cumulative effect of these imperfections using the value of mismatch parameter calculated at the linac exit and show how it depends on the design of the focusing lattice.
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MOPWA054	Effect of Number of Macro Particles on Resolution in Phase Space Distribution	electron, simulation, linac	242
	T. Miyajima KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26600147. In order to analyze charged particle beam in an accelerator, a beam model is used to reduce number of degrees of freedom, e.g. charged disk model, charged cylinder model and macro-particle model. In numerical simulation, the macro-particle model, which has same mass-to-charge ratio, is widely used, since it does not require any symmetry of beam shape. However, the estimation of proper number of macro-particles is one of the important issues. In order to study the effect of the number of macro-particles for the numerical model, we defined a simple transformation to generate reduced distribution. The transformation was applied for one dimensional and two dimensional particle distributions. The static electric fields due to the transformed distributions were calculated. As a result, we confirmed the effectiveness of the transformation.
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MOPJE039	Generalised Truncated Power Series Algebra for Fast Particle Accelerator Transport Maps	optics, simulation, lattice	374
	L. Deniau, C.I. Tomoiagă CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	New Generalised Truncated Power Series Algebra (TPSA) has been developed for extending, simplifying and optimising the transport maps used by particle accelerator simulation codes. TPSA are intensively used in optics code to describe transport maps of the elements constituting the particle accelerator to any order. Generalised TPSA extend the degrees to inhomogeneous ones, where separate degrees can be specified for each variables and constrained by two total orders, one for canonical variables and one for ordinary variables. This allows to track inhomogeneous planes of the 6D phase space with many extra variables. A complete set of new formulas and data structures have been derived to address the problem of memory consumption required for efficient computation of high order TPSA, including generalised indexing, multiplication and composition of inhomogeneous multivariate polynomials. The implementation has been benchmarked against well established libraries for the common subset with TPSA, and outperforms all of them for supported differential algebra operators on low and high orders, and high number of variables.
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MOPJE046	Influence of the Alignment of the Main Magnets on Resonances in the CERN Proton Synchrotron	resonance, synchrotron, alignment, proton	392
	A. Huschauer, S.S. Gilardoni, R. Wasef CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	During the Long Shutdown 1 seven out of the one hundred combined function PS main magnets were removed from the tunnel to conduct maintenance. After reinstallation, the main magnets were aligned to the reference positions and within the first week of operation of the accelerator, a beam-based re-alignment campaign was performed to reduce the excursions of the closed orbit. In order to further investigate and understand the source of betatronic resonances, which, already in 2011, were found to be excited by the bare machine, tune diagram measurements before and after this beam-based magnet alignment were conducted. In both cases the same resonances as in 2011 were found to be present; however, after the alignment, an overall increase of their strengths was observed. In this paper we present the corresponding measurement results and discuss the direct impact on the daily operation of the accelerator.
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MOPJE056	OMC Software Improvements in 2014	software, optics, GUI, simulation	426
	J.M. Coello de Portugal, F.S. Carlier, A. Langner, T. Persson, P.K. Skowroński, R. Tomás CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	We present the LHC Optics Measurement and Corrections (OMC) software developments done during 2014 on stability, performance and usability. This software is used to analyze turn-by-turn data and compute optics corrections to get the best performance of the LHC. The main developments have been an automatic local correction script to get faster and more accurate corrections in the interaction regions, a self contained test for the whole software package to avoid mistakes during the software development and the improvements in the software quality and efficiency of the Segment by Segment technique script. We also present a study of the code quality in its current status.
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MOPJE068	PLACET2: A Novel Code for Beam Dynamics in Recirculating Machines	linac, dipole, simulation, lattice	465
	D. Pellegrini, A. Latina, D. Schulte CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Efforts have been taken to enable the simulation of recirculating machines in PLACET. The new version, PLACET2, allows handling multiple interconnected beamlines in order to obtain a realistic model of a machine. Two new elements, injectors and dumps, have been introduced and are active components of any working machine. Trains of bunches are routed through beamlines and tracked simultaneously in a parallel manner. Tracking through time-dependent elements is possible, and care is made to preserve the correct time-structure of the beam in case of beam recombination. This allows straightforward computations of multi-bunch effects arising with high-charge and shortly spaced bunch trains, even with variable train structure. The main features of the code are presented together with its working principles and its key ideas. Two case studies are introduced: LHeC and the CTF3 combiner ring.
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MOPMA005	Non-invasive Beam Profile Monitoring	detector, vacuum, ion, proton	537
	C.P. Welsch, T. Cybulski, A. Jeff, V. Tzoganis, H.D. Zhang Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom T. Cybulski, A. Jeff, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom A. Jeff CERN, Geneva, Switzerland V. Tzoganis RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
	Funding: Work supported by the Helmholtz Association under contract VH-NG-328, the EU under contracts 215080 and 289485, as well as the STFC Cockcroft core grant No. ST/G008248/1. State-of-the-art high energy and high intensity accelerators require new approaches to transverse beam profile monitoring as many established techniques will no longer work due to the high power stored in the beam. In addition, many accelerator applications such as ion beam cancer therapy or material irradiation would benefit significantly from the availability of non-invasive beam profile monitors. Research in the QUASAR Group has focused on this area over the past 5 years. Two different approaches were successfully developed: Firstly, a supersonic gas jet-based monitor was designed and commissioned. It enables the detection of the 2-dimensional transverse beam profile of essentially any charged particle beam with negligible disturbance of the primary beam and accelerator vacuum. Secondly, a monitor based on the Silicon strip VELO detector, originally developed for the LHCb experiment, was tested as an online beam monitor at the Clatterbridge Cancer Center in the UK. The design of both monitors is presented in this contribution. Results from measurements are discussed and complemented by numerical studies into the performance limits of either technique.
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MOPMA013	Experience with Round Beam Operation at the Advanced Photon Source	coupling, emittance, resonance, storage-ring	562
	A. Xiao, L. Emery, V. Sajaev, B.X. Yang ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 Very short Touschek lifetime becomes a common issue for next-generation ultra-low emittance storage ring light sources. In order to reach a longer beam lifetime, such a machine often requires operating with a vertical-to-horizontal emittance ratio close to an unity, i.e. a ‘‘round beam''. In tests at the APS storage ring, we determined how a round beam can be reached experimentally. Some general issues, such as beam injection, optics measurement and corrections, and orbit correction have been tested also. To demonstrate that a round beam was achieved, the beam size ratio is calibrated using beam lifetime measurement.
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MOPMA014	Design of Superconducting CW linac for PIP-II	linac, cryomodule, beam-losses, optics	565
	A. Saini, V.A. Lebedev, J.-F. Ostiguy, N. Solyak, V.P. Yakovlev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) -II is a proposed roadmap to upgrade existing proton accelerator complex at Fermilab. It is primarily based on construction of superconducting (SC) linear accelerator (linac) that would be capable to operate in continuous wave (CW) mode. This paper will present reference design of SC linac and discuss motivations and requirements resulting in this layout and beam optics.
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MOPMA018	Simulation of Multipacting in SC Low Beta Cavities at FNAL	simulation, cavity, niobium, linac	579
	G.V. Romanov, P. Berrutti, T.N. Khabiboulline Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Proton Improvement Plan-II at Fermilab is a plan for improvements to the accelerator complex aimed at providing a beam power capability of at least 1 MW on target at the initiation of LBNE (Long Base Neutrino Experiment) operations. The central element of the PIP-II is a new 800 MeV superconducting linac, injecting into the existing Booster. Multipacting affects superconducting RF cavities in the entire range from high energy elliptical cavities to coaxial resonators for low-beta applications. This work is focused on multipacting study in the low-beta 325 MHz spoke cavities; namely SSR1 and SSR2, which are especially susceptible to the phenomena. The extensive simulations of multipacting in the cavities with updated material properties and comparison of the results with experimental data helped us to improve overall reliability and accuracy of these simulations. Our practical approach to the simulations is described in details. For SSR2, which has a high multipacting barrier right at the operating power level, some changes of the cavity shape to mitigate this harmful phenomenon are proposed.
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MOPMA027	Electron Cloud Measurements in Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler	electron, vacuum, proton, injection	604
	J.S. Eldred Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA M. Backfish, J.S. Eldred, C.-Y. Tan, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	This conference paper presents a series of electron cloud measurements in the Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler. A new instability was observed in the Recycler in July 2014 that generates a fast transverse excitation in the first high intensity batch to be injected. Microwave measurements of electron cloud in the Recycler show a corresponding dependence on the batch injection pattern. These electron cloud measurements are compared to those made with a retarding field analyzer (RFA) installed in a field-free region of the Recycler in November. RFAs are also used in the Main Injector to evaluate the performance of beampipe coatings for the mitigation of electron cloud. Contamination from an unexpected vacuum leak revealed a potential vulnerability in the amorphous carbon beampipe coating. The diamond-like carbon coating, in contrast, reduced the electron cloud signal to 1\% of that measured in uncoated stainless steel beampipe.
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MOPMA053	Characterizing Betatron Tune Knobs on Duke Storage Ring	wiggler, lattice, storage-ring, betatron	672
	H. Hao, S.F. Mikhailov, V. Popov, Y.K. Wu FEL/Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA J.Y. Li USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
	Funding: This work is supported in part by the US DOE grant no. DE-FG02-97ER41033. The Duke electron storage ring is a dedicated driver for oscillator Free-Electron Lasers (FELs). A 34-m long straight section of the storage ring can host up to four FEL wigglers in several different configurations. The storage ring magnetic lattice has designed with great flexibility to enable the operation with different wiggler configurations and at different electron beam energies. To realize smooth storage ring operation with various electron beam and wiggler parameters, a sophisticated lattice feedforward compensation scheme and a set of betatron tune knobs have been designed, developed and implemented in the controls system. The built-in compensation and tune knobs have demonstrated to be highly useful to allow transparent operation of the storage ring. To fully understand the effectiveness of the lattice tuning scheme, experiments have been carried to characterize the betatron tune knobs. In this paper, we will outline the measurement techniques and procedures, report experimental results, and make important observations on the usefulness of developing an advanced light source storage ring using accurate knowledge of individual magnets with high-quality measured fields.
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MOPMN019	Understanding the Effect of Space Charge on Instabilities	space-charge, synchrotron, impedance, hadron	743
	M. Blaskiewicz BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA A. Chao SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA Y.H. Chin KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The combined effects of space charge and wall impedance on transverse instabilities is an important consideration in the design and operation of hadron machines as well as an intrinsic academic interest. This study explores the combined effects of space charge and wall impedance using various simplified models in an attempt to produce a better understanding of their interplay.
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MOPHA001	Transverse Bunch by Bunch Feedback Operations at the Australian Synchrotron Light Source	feedback, resonance, storage-ring, synchrotron	769
	R.T. Dowd, M.P. Atkinson, M.J. Boland, G. LeBlanc, Y.E. Tan, K. Zingre SLSA, Clayton, Australia
	The Australian Synchrotron light source has recently put in operation its transverse bunch-by-bunch feedback system during user beam mode. Getting to the stage of stable operation has been a long road and this paper will outline the many difficulties that were encountered. Chief among these are the apparent strong, high frequency, vertical resonances that appear when the storage ring's three in-vacuum undulators are closed to specific gaps. The behaviour of these resonances and their effects on achieving stable feedback operation will be explored in detail.
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MOPHA002	Operational Applications - a Software Framework Used for the Commissioning of the MedAustron Accelerator	framework, injection, software, controls	773
	A. Wastl, M. Hager, M. Regodic EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
	MedAustron is a synchrotron-based cancer therapy and non-clinical research center located in Austria. Its accelerator is currently being commissioned prior to first medical treatment. During the tuning of the machine, many iterations of measurements involving several parameter changes are performed in order to optimize the accelerator’s performance. An operation and measurement software framework called 'Operational Application Framework' (OpApp) has been developed for this purpose. It follows a modular approach and provides basic methods like ‘write to file’ or ‘measure beam position monitor‘. By appropriately combining modules, OpApps performing automatized measurements and complex procedures can be created. A detailed description of the setup as well as examples of use are provided here.
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MOPHA003	Status of ATF2 IP-BPM Project	cavity, feedback, electronics, status	777
	O.R. Blanco-García, P. Bambade, F. Bogard, P. Cornebise, S. Wallon LAL, Orsay, France D.R. Bett, N. Blaskovic Kraljevic, T. Bromwich JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom P. Burrows, G.B. Christian, C. Perry Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom Y. Honda, K. Kubo, S. Kuroda, T. Naito, T. Okugi, T.T. Tauchi, N. Terunuma KEK, Ibaraki, Japan S.W. Jang, E.-S. Kim KNU, Deagu, Republic of Korea
	The efforts during the second half of 2014 towards nano-metric beam position measurement and stabilization at the Interaction Point (IP) section of the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at KEK are presented. Recent improvements to the beam position monitor (BPM) data analysis and processing electronics, as well as the installation of a new set of C-Band BPMs, are reviewed.
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MOPHA010	RF Feedback and Detuning Studies for the BESSY Variable Pulse Length Storage Ring Higher Harmonic SC Cavities	cavity, beam-loading, feedback, synchrotron	798
	A. Neumann, P. Echevarria, P. Goslawski, M. Ries, M. Ruprecht, A.V. Vélez, G. Wüstefeld HZB, Berlin, Germany
	For the feasibility of the BESSY VSR upgrade project of BESSY II two higher harmonic systems at a factor of 3 and 3.5 of the ring's RF fundamental of 500 MHz will be installed in the ring. Operating in continuous wave at high average accelerating field of 20 MV/m and phased at zero-crossing, the superconducting cavities have to be detuned within tight margins to ensure stable operation and low power consumption at a loaded Q of 5·10⁷. The field variation of the cavities is mainly driven by the repetitive transient beam-loading of the envisaged complex bunch fill pattern in the ring. Within this work combined LLRF-cavity and longitudinal beam dynamics simulation will demonstrate the limits for stable operation, especially the coupling between synchrotron oscillation and RF feedback settings. Further impact by beam current decay and top-up injection shots are being simulated. * G. Wüstefeld et al., IPAC 11, San Sebastiàn, Spain, p. 2936.
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MOPHA028	Operation of Normal Conducting RF Guns with MicroTCA.4	gun, LLRF, cavity, feedback	841
	M. Hoffmann, V. Ayvazyan, J. Branlard, L. Butkowski, M.K. Grecki, U. Mavrič, M. Omet, S. Pfeiffer, H. Schlarb, Ch. Schmidt DESY, Hamburg, Germany W. Fornal, R. Rybaniec Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland A. Piotrowski FastLogic Sp. z o.o., Łódź, Poland
	During the last half year, the MicroTCA.4 based single cavity LLRF control system was installed and commissioned at several normal conducting facilities at DESY (FLASH RF gun, REGAE, PITZ RF gun, and XFEL RF gun). First tests during the last year show promising results in optimizing the system for high speed digital LLRF feedbacks, i.e. reducing system latency, increasing the internal controller processing speed, testing new control schemes, and optimizing controller parameters. In this contribution we will present results and gained experience from the commissioning phase and the first time period of real operation.
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MOPHA029	Operation Experiences with the MICROTCA.4-based LLRF Control System at FLASH	LLRF, electron, radiation, laser	844
	M. Omet, V. Ayvazyan, J. Branlard, L. Butkowski, M.K. Grecki, M. Hoffmann, F. Ludwig, U. Mavrič, S. Pfeiffer, K.P. Przygoda, H. Schlarb, Ch. Schmidt, H.C. Weddig, B.Y. Yang DESY, Hamburg, Germany W. Cichalewski, D.R. Makowski TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland K. Czuba, K. Oliwa, I. Rutkowski, R. Rybaniec, D. Sikora, W. Wierba, M. Żukociński Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland A. Piotrowski FastLogic Sp. z o.o., Łódź, Poland
	The Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg Germany is a user facility providing ultra-short, femtosecond laser pulses up to the soft X-ray wavelength range. For the precise regulation of the radio frequency (RF) fields within the 60 superconducting cavities, which are organized in 5 RF stations, digital low level RF (LLRF) control systems based on the MTCA.4 standard were implemented in 2013. Until now experiences with failures potentially due to radiation, overheating, and ageing as well as with the general operation of the control systems have been gained. These have a direct impact on the operation and on the performance of FLASH and will allow future improvements. The lessons learned are not only important for FLASH but also in the scope of European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (X-FEL), which will be operated with the same LLRF control system.
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MOPHA034	High Voltage RTM Piezo Driver for XFEL Special Diagnostics	laser, diagnostics, high-voltage, hardware	860
	K.P. Przygoda, M. Felber, C. Gerth, M. Heuer, E. Janas, U. Mavrič, P. Peier, H. Schlarb, B. Steffen, C. Sydlo DESY, Hamburg, Germany T. Kozak, P. Prędki TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland
	High voltage RTM Piezo Driver has been developed to support special diagnostic applications foreseen for XFEL facility. The RTM is capable of driving 4 piezo actuators with voltages up to ±80 V. The solid-state power amplifiers are driven using 18-bit DACs and sampling rates of 1 MSPS. The bandwidth of the driver is remotely tunable using programmable low pass filters. The 4-channel Piezo Driver unit provides the information of piezo output voltage and current. Three independent test setups have been built to test 4-channel Piezo Driver performance. In the paper we are presenting EOD laser lock to 1.3 GHz FLASH master oscillator using bipolar piezo stretcher (fine tuning). The piezo motor based course tuning has been applied for the long term laser stability measurements. The unipolar piezo actuator operation has been demonstrated for the Origami Onefive laser locked to 1.3 GHz LAB MO. The preliminary results of active stabilization of 3 km fiber link laboratory setup are shown.
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MOPHA038	Studies for a Wakefield-Optimized Near-Field EO Setup at the ANKA Storage Ring	laser, wakefield, simulation, electron	869
	P. Schönfeldt, A. Borysenko, N. Hiller, B. Kehrer, A.-S. Müller KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
	Funding: This work is funded by the BMBF contract numbers 05K10VKC, and 05K13VKA. ANKA, the synchrotron light source of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), is the first storage ring with a near-field single-shot electro-optical (EO) bunch profile monitor inside its vacuum chamber. Using the method of electro-optical spectral decoding (EOSD), the current setup made it possible to study longitudinal beam dynamics (e.g. microbunching) occurring during ANKA's low-alpha-operation with sub-ps resolution (granularity). However, the setup induces strong wake-fields spanning the distance between consecutive bunches which cause heat load to the in-vacuum setup for high beam currents. This heat load in turn leads to a laser misalignment thus preventing measurements during multi-bunch operation. Fortunately, the EOSD setup also allows us to directly study these wake-fields so simulation results can be compared to measurement data. This paper reviews possible changes of the setup's geometry with respect to a reduction of the wakefield effects.
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MOPHA058	Beam Based Gain Calibration for Beam Position Monitor at J-PARC Main Ring	simulation, synchrotron, proton, closed-orbit	927
	H. Kuboki, J. Takano, M. Tejima, T. Toyama KEK, Ibaraki, Japan S. Hatakeyama JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
	Funding: MEXT KAKENHI Grant Number 25105002, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas titled "Unification and Development of the Neutrino Science Frontier" Beam Position Monitor (BPM) is one of the essential elements in a synchrotron facility. It provides the accurate beam positions, which are used to correct the closed orbit distortion. Each BPM is installed with the electronics which enable to acquire the data of the turn-by-turn beam positions. Here, we define the "gain" as the proportionality coefficient between the signal detected at the ADC and the ideal signal without any errors. The signal strength from a BPM electrode varies depending on 1) transmission characteristics of a long cable, 2) processing circuit, and 3) contact resistance at the connected parts. These are the origin of the gain deviations. In order to correct the deviations, a Beam Based Gain Calibration (BBGC) method has been proposed . Development of a new method for adequate gain calibration is required because any calibration method for routine operation has not been established for BPMs with diagonal-cut electrodes used at J-PARC Main Ring. The results of analysis will be presented using the Total Least Square fitting as an adequate method for the BBGC with sufficient accuracy within 0.6% in one standard deviation. M. Tejima et al., DIPAC2011 (2011).
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MOPHA059	Control System Upgrade for SuperKEKB Injector Linac	controls, linac, EPICS, Linux	930
	M. Satoh, K. Furukawa, K. Mikawa, F. Miyahara, Y. Seimiya, T. Suwada KEK, Ibaraki, Japan T. Kudou, S. Kusano Mitsubishi Electric System & Service Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan H.S. Saotome, M. Takagi Kanto Information Service (KIS), Accelerator Group, Ibaraki, Japan
	Toward SuperKEKB project, the electron/positron injector linac upgrade is ongoing at KEK in order to deliver the low emittance electron/positron beams with high bunched charge intensity and small emittance. A large number of accelerator components and control devices will be newly installed before the autumn of 2014. Finally, we are aiming at the simultaneous top-up operation for the four independent storage rings including two light sources. The high availability and reliability of control system is strongly required for the long-term stable beam operation under such complex operation schemes. In this presentation, we will describe the control system upgrade plan and status.
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MOPTY003	Measurement of Momentum Spread of the Injection Beam with Longitudinal Tomography Method in the J-PARC RCS	linac, injection, acceleration, synchrotron	944
	M. Yoshimoto, H. Harada, H. Hotchi, M. Kinsho, P.K. Saha, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	In the J-PARC RCS, the beam tuning toward the design output beam power of 1MW were started after the completing of the beam energy and beam current upgrades in the LINAC. One of the important issues to achieve the 1MW beam operation is the optimization of the injection beam from the LINAC. Due to the longitudinal beam tuning in the LINAC, the momentum spread of the injected beam into the RCS was measured with the longitudinal tomography method. Our longitudinal tomography tool had been developed using the simple algorithm with the Convolution Back-Projection (CBP) method for the beam storage mode of the RCS. Accordingly, we improved this tool to expand into the acceleration mode.
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MOPTY011	Operation Experience of p-Carbon Polarimeter in RHIC	target, polarization, detector, vacuum	956
	H. Huang, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, A. Bazilevsky, O. Eyser, D. Kalinkin, J. Kewisch, Y. Makdisi, S. Nemesure, A. Poblaguev, W.B. Schmidke, D. Smirnov, D. Steski, K. Yip, A. Zelenski BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA I.G. Alekseev, D. Svirida ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The spin physics program in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) requires fast polarimeter to monitor the polarization evolution on the ramp and during stores. Over past decade, the polarimeter has evolved greatly to improve its performance. These include dual chamber design, monitoring camera, Si detector selection (and orientation), target quality control, and target frame modification. The preamp boards have been modified to deal with the high rate problem, too. The ultra thin carbon target lifetime is a concern. Simulations have been carried out on the target interaction with beam. Modification has also been done on the frame design. Extra caution has been put on RF shielding to deal with the pickup noises from the nearby stochastic cooling kickers. This paper summarizes the recent operation performance of this delicate device.
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MOPTY020	An Intelligent Trigger Abnormal Beam Operation Monitoring Processor at the SSRF	monitoring, FPGA, injection, status	978
	L.W. Lai, Z.C. Chen, Y.B. Leng, Y.B. Yan SSRF, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by National Nature Science Fundation of China(11305253)(11375255)(11105211) An intelligent trigger abnormal beam operation monitoring processor has been designed at the SSRF. By applying digital signal processing algorithms in FPGA, the processor keeps monitoring the beam operation status. It will output a trigger signal and store the turn-by-turn beam position data when abnormal events detected. The abnormal events include injection, beam loss, and abnormal disturbance. This ability makes the processor a powerful tool for abnormal operation causes analysing and machine study.
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MOPTY028	Introduction to BINP HLS to Measure Vertical Changes on PAL-XFEL Buildings and Ground	alignment, laser, ground-motion, synchrotron	994
	H. J. Choi, K.H. Gil, H.-S. Kang, S.H. Kim, K.W. Seo PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
	PAL-XFEL is being installed and will be completed by December of 2015 so that users can be supported beginning in 2016. PAL-XFEL equipment should continuously maintain the bunch beam parameter. To this end, PAL-XFEL equipment has to be kept precisely aligned. As a part of the process for installing PAL-XFEL, a surface geodetic network and the installation of a tunnel measurement network inside buildings is in preparation; additionally, the fiducialization of major equipment is underway. After PAL-XFEL equipment is optimized and aligned, if the ground and buildings go through vertical changes during operation, misalignment of equipments will cause errors in the electron beam trajectory, which will lead to changes to the beam parameter. For continuous and systemic measurement of vertical changes in buildings and to monitor ground sinking and uplifting, the BINP Ultrasonic-type Hydrostatic Levelling System (HLS) is to be installed and operated in all sections of PAL-XFEL for linear accelerator, Undulator and beam line. This study will introduce the operation principle, design concept and advantages (self-calibration) of HLS, and will outline its installation plan and operation plan.
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MOPTY030	Capacitive Linear-Cut Beam Position Monitor Design for Ion Synchrotron at KHIMA Project	synchrotron, vacuum, target, proton	998
	J.G. Hwang, C.H. Kim, S.H. Nam, S.Y. Noh KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea G. Hahn, W.T. Hwang, T.K. Yang KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea E.-S. Kim Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
	The KHIMA (Korea Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator) project is launched to construct the carbon and proton beam base ion therapy machine. It, which consists of the injector with RFQ and IH-DTL linacs, medium beam transport line, synchrotron, and high energy beam transport line, will be provided the carbon beam up to 430 MeV/u and proton beam up to 230 MeV for cancer therapy. The high precision beam position monitor is required to match and control the beam trajectory for the beam injection and closed orbit in synchrotron. It was also used for measuring the beta-function, tune, and chromaticity. Since the bunch length at heavy ion synchrotron is relatively long, a few meters, a box-like device with long plates of typically 20 cm is used to enhance the signal strength and to get a precise linear dependence with respect to the beam displacement. In this presentation, we show the electromagnetic design of the electrode and surroundings to satisfy the resolution of 100 um, the criteria for mechanical aspect to satisfy the position accuracy of 200 um, the measurement result of position accuracy by using the wire test-bench, and the beam-test results with long (~ 1.6 us) electron beam in PAL.
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MOPTY042	ALBA LLRF Upgrades to Improve Beam Availability	cavity, LLRF, beam-loading, synchrotron	1022
	A. Salom, B. Bravo, J. Marcos, F. Pérez ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
	ALBA is a 3GeV synchrotron light source located in Barcelona and operating with users since May 2012. The RF system of the SR is composed of six cavities, each one powered by combining the power of two 80 kW IOTs through a Cavity Combiner (CaCo). At present, there are several RF interlocks per week. The redundancy given by the six cavities makes possible the survival of the beam after one of these trips. In these cases, the cavity has to be recovered with the circulating beam. An autorecovery process has been implemented in the digital LLRF system in order to recover the faulty RF plant after a trip. But these trips also create perturbations to the beam stability. In order to minimize the beam perturbations induced by these RF interlock, an additional feed-forward loop is being implemented. The functionally, main parameters and test results of these new algorithms will be presented.
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MOPTY043	Update on the Development of the New Electronic Instrumentation for the LIPAc/IFMIF Beam Position Monitors	timing, electronics, EPICS, controls	1025
	A. Guirao, D. Jiménez-Rey, L.M. Martinez Fresno, E. Molina Marinas, J. Mollá, I. Podadera, I. Rivera CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
	Funding: This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the project FIS2013-40860-R and the Agreement as published in BOE, 16/01/2013, page 1988 Among all the LIPAc/IFMIF accelerator diagnostics instrumentation, the Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) are a cornerstone for its operation. An electronics system centered on self-calibration and extraction of beam phase information for Time Of Flight measurement is proposed for the twenty BPM stations distributed along the accelerator. The system under development is a fully digital instrumentation which incorporates automatic calibration of the monitors' signals and allows monitoring of both fundamental and second signal harmonics. The current state of the development and first experimental results of the system on the test bench will be presented.
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MOPTY044	Machine Protection Systems and their Impact on Beam Availability and Accelerator Reliability	linac, storage-ring, software, proton	1029
	R. Andersson, E. Bargalló, A. Nordt ESS, Lund, Sweden E. Adli University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
	Over the last decades, the complexity and performance levels of machine protection have developed. The level of reliability and availability analysis prior to operation differs between facilities, just as the pragmatic changes of the machine protection during operation. This paper studies the experience and development of machine protection for some of the state of the art proton and ion accelerators, and how it relates to reducing damage to and downtime of the machine. The findings are discussed and categorized, with emphasis on proton accelerators. The paper is concluded with some recommendations for a future high power linear proton accelerator.
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MOPTY045	ESS Availability and Reliability Approach	neutron, experiment, proton, target	1033
	E. Bargalló, K.H. Andersen, R. Andersson, A. De Isusi, A. Nordt, E.J. Pitcher ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Reliability and availability are key metrics for achieving the scientific vision of the ESS. The approach taken to analyze and to improve these metrics in order to achieve the goals is described in this contribution. The methodology used to obtain the requirements considers not only the availability and reliability figures but also the specific needs extracted from users expectations from the neutron source in order to succeed in their experiments. A top-down requirements allocation is being developed at the same time that bottom-up reliability and availability analyses is being performed. The experiments expected at ESS and their needs in terms of neutron beam performance (reliability, availability and quality) are described as well as the tools used to analyze it. Moreover, the consequences of these analyses in the design phase are discussed.
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MOPTY048	Machine Protection Strategy for the ESS	neutron, controls, proton, target	1042
	A. Nordt, T. Friedrich, T. Korhonen ESS, Lund, Sweden C. Hilbes ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland
	The ESS proton beam power of 125MW per pulse (5MW average) will be unprecedented and its uncontrolled release could lead to serious damage of equipment within a few microseconds only. To optimize the operational efficiency of the ESS facility allowing for very high beam availability with high reliability towards the end-users, accidents should be avoided and interruptions of beam operation have to be rare and limited to a short time. Finding the right balance between efficient protection of equipment from damage and high beam availability is the key idea on which the ESS Machine Protection Strategy is being based on. Implementing and realizing the measures needed to provide the correct level of machine protection in case of a complex facility like the ESS, requires a systematic approach, which will be discussed in this paper. A method of how to derive machine protection relevant requirements and how to assure completeness of these will be outlined as well.
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MOPTY050	Design, Development and Implementation of a Highly Dependable Magnet Powering Interlock System for ESS	PLC, power-supply, software, hardware	1045
	M. Zaera-Sanz, S.L. Birch, A. Monera Martinez, A. Nordt ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Approximately 350 resistive magnets and 350 power supplies (PS) will be installed in the 600 m long linear accelerator (LINAC) at ESS, transporting the proton beam from the source to the target station. In order to protect this equipment from damage (e.g. due to overheating) and to take the appropriate actions required to minimise recovery time, a dedicated magnet powering interlock system is being designed. The magnet powering interlock system will safely switch off a PS upon the detection of an internal magnet or PS failure and inform the beam interlock system to inhibit further beam operation. The different failure modes and related mitigation techniques of magnets and their PS will be presented. Failures of the magnet cooling system can be detected for example by interlocking the opening of a thermo-switch or a flow-switch. To achieve the required level of dependability, an interlock system based on safety PLC technology, distributed safety PLC software programming tools, PROFINET fieldbus networking, and current loops for hardwired interlock signal exchanges, has been prototyped and will be discussed.
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MOPTY054	Fibre Monitoring System for the Beam Permit Loops at the LHC and Future Evolution of the Beam Interlock System	monitoring, radiation, diagnostics, interface	1054
	C. García-Argos, R. Denz, S. Gabourin, C. Martin, B. Puccio, A.P. Siemko CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The optical fibres that transmit the beam permit loop signals at the CERN accelerator complex are deployed along radiation areas. This may result in increased attenuation of the fibres, which reduces the power margin of the links. In addition, other events may cause the links to not function properly and result in false dumps, reducing the availability of the accelerator chain and affecting physics data taking. In order to evaluate the state of the fibres, an out-of-band fibre monitoring system is proposed, working in parallel to the actual beam permit loops. The future beam interlock system to be deployed during LHC long shutdown 2 will implement online, real-time monitoring of the fibres, a feature the current system lacks. Commercial off-the-shelf components to implement the optical transceivers are proposed whenever possible instead of ad-hoc designs.
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MOPTY059	First Operational Experience of DSL Based Analysis Modules for LHC Hardware Commissioning	DSL, framework, Domain-Specific-Languages, superconducting-magnet	1073
	M. Zerlauth, C. Aguilera-Padilla, M. Audrain, Z. Charifoulline, M. Dragu, J.C. Garnier, R.M. Heil, M. Koza, K.H. Krol, T. Martins Ribeiro, R. Orlandi, S. Rowan, K.S. Stamos CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The Large Hadron Collider powering systems have been tested and commissioned before to start the second run of physics production. This commissioning used for the first time analysis modules defined directly by system experts in an english-like domain specific language. In these modules, the experts defined assertions that the data generated by the powering tests must verify in order for the test to pass. These modules concerned 4 tests executed for more than 1000 systems. They allowed experts to identify issues that were hidden behind the repetitive manual analysis performed during the previous campaigns. This paper describes this first operational experience of the analysis modules, as well as the replay of all the previous campaign with them. It will also present a critical point of view on these modules to identify their drawbacks and the next step to improve this system.
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MOPTY060	Pulse Compressor Phase and Amplitude Modulation Based on Iterative Learning Control	klystron, controls, linac, experiment	1076
	A. Řežaeizadeh, R. Kalt, T. Schilcher PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland R. Smith Automatic Control Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
	This paper presents an alternative way to produce flat-topped RF pulses at the pulse compressor output. Flat-topped RF pulses are suitable for multi-bunch operation where it is often required that beams experience the same accelerating gradient. Moreover, the energy gain, in this case, is less sensitive to timing jitters. The proposed approach is based on Iterative Learning Control technique, which iteratively updates the input waveforms, in order to generate the desired output waveforms.
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MOPTY062	The Energy Saving Processes for Utility System in TPS	controls, experiment, photon, factory	1082
	C.S. Chen, W.S. Chan, J.-C. Chang, Y.C. Chang, Y.-C. Chung, C.W. Hsu, C.Y. Liu, Z.-D. Tsai NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	There are more and more non-linear electronic equipments such as inverters using in facility nowadays. These non-linear electronic equipments let us achieve energy saving, but induce other electrical pollution to the whole power grid in contrast. Among these electrical pollutions, electric harmonic is the most common and harmful to power facility. Therefore, how to monitor the electrical noises from these non-linear equipments becomes an important issue. In this article, a set of power quality monitoring system based on FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays) modules and PAC (Programmable Automatic Controller) has been built because of their programmability and fast processing speed. By using this monitoring system, any abnormality in power system and its spectrum will be recorded thoroughly. On the other hand, the maintainer could follow the trace of noise and then propose a suitable solution to eliminate the electrical interference too.
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MOPTY063	The Flexible Customized Supervisor and Control System for Utility in TPS	controls, network, monitoring, vacuum	1085
	C.S. Chen, W.S. Chan, J.-C. Chang, Y.C. Chang, Y.-C. Chung, C.W. Hsu, C.Y. Liu, Z.-D. Tsai NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	In order to maintain and operate a synchrotron radiation light source well requires quite a few efforts. All parts of the big machine, including vacuum system, all kinds of magnets, RF facility, cryogenic equipments, radiation security, optic devices and utility equipment must cooperate in harmony to provide high quality light. Any one of the above system contains lots of analog or digital signal transmission, not to mention the vast range of utility. Numbers of programmable automation controllers (PACs) are applied in utility system in TPS to ensure the utility operates normally. In addition to the high reliability and distribution, the flexible programmability of PAC is the most critical feature in this project. A well-designed program, Archive Viewer, provides a platform for showing these big data from all distributed systems. The architecture of the server system for utility is described in this paper as well.
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MOPTY079	The Installation and Operation of TPS Laser PSD System in TPS Storage Ring	laser, storage-ring, alignment, electron	1123
	M.L. Chen, J.-R. Chen, P.S.D. Chuang, H.C. Ho, K.H. Hsu, D.-G. Huang, C.K. Kuan, W.Y. Lai, C.J. Lin, S.Y. Perng, T.C. Tseng, H.S. Wang NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	24 sets of Laser PSD positioning system are parts of the TPS girder auto¬alignment system. Laser PSD positioning systems are installed in the straight¬ section girders of TPS storage ring. The Laser PSD systems are assembled and calibrated in the Lab beforehand. The Laser and PSDs are assembled on girder and transported to TPS storage ring and Installed. During construction the system deviates from the normal position caused by variant temperature and external influence. For absolute position precision, another laser calibration system should be built to recalibrate the laser PSD system. This paper describes the installation of Laser PSD system in TPS storage ring and the status of the PSD system. A new absolute position calibration method for precision upgrade is also discussed.
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MOPTY084	Design, Testing and Performance Results of a High-resolution, Broad-band, Low-latency Stripline Beam Position Monitor System	electron, collider, laser, FPGA	1136
	P. Burrows, D.R. Bett, N. Blaskovic Kraljevic, T. Bromwich, G.B. Christian, M.R. Davis, C. Perry JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom D.R. Bett CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	A high-resolution, low-latency beam position monitor (BPM) system has been developed for use in particle accelerators and beamlines that operate with trains of particle bunches with bunch separations as low as several tens of nanoseconds, such as future linear electron-positron colliders and free-electron lasers. The system was tested with electron beams in the extraction line of the Accelerator Test Facility at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) in Japan. The fast analogue front-end signal processor is based on a single-stage RF down-mixer. The processor latency is 15.6 ± 0.1 ns. A position resolution below 300 nm has been demonstrated for beam intensities of around 1 nC, with single-pass beam.
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MOPWI001	First Results From Beam Tests of the CLIC Drive Beam Phase Feedforward Prototype at CTF3	kicker, hardware, optics, dipole	1139
	J. Roberts, P. Burrows, G.B. Christian, C. Perry JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom A. Andersson, R. Corsini, P.K. Skowroński CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Ghigo, F. Marcellini INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
	Funding: Work supported by the European Commission under the FP7 Research Infrastructures project Eu-CARD, grant agreement no. 227579. In the CLIC two beam acceleration scheme 100 MV/m normal conducting cavities are fed with RF power extracted from a secondary high power but low energy drive beam. To ensure the efficiency and luminosity performance of CLIC the phase synchronisation between the high energy main beam and the drive beam must be maintained to within 0.2 degrees of 12 GHz. To reduce the drive beam phase jitter to this level a low-latency drive beam phase feedforward correction with bandwidth above 17.5 MHz is required. A prototype of this system has been installed at the CLIC test facility CTF3 to prove its feasibility, in particular the challenges of high bandwidth, high power and low latency hardware. The final commissioning and first results from operation of the complete phase feedforward system are presented here.
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MOPWI012	Conceptual Design and Analysis of a Storage Ring Beam Position Monitor for the APS Upgrade	vacuum, simulation, alignment, impedance	1170
	B.K. Stillwell, R.M. Lill, R.R. Lindberg, M.M. O'Neill, B.G. Rocke, X. Sun ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA A. Blednykh BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, operator of Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. A conceptual design has been developed for a radio frequency (rf) pickup-type beam position monitor (BPM) for use in a multi-bend achromat (MBA) storage ring under consideration by the APS Upgrade project (APS-U). Beam feedback systems are expected to require fourteen rf BPMs per sector with exceptional sensitivity and mechanical stability. Simultaneously, BPM insertion length must be minimized to allow lattice designers the greatest freedom in selecting magnet lengths and locations. Envisioned is a conventional four probe arrangement integrated inside of a pair of rf-shielded bellows for mechanical isolation. Basic aspects of the design are presented along with the results of analyses which establish expected mechanical, electronic, and beam physics-related performance measures.
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MOPWI022	Experimental Study of a Two-Color Storage Ring FEL	FEL, wiggler, storage-ring, electron	1198
	J. Yan, H. Hao, S.F. Mikhailov, V. Popov, Y.K. Wu FEL/Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA S. Huang PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China J.Y. Li USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China N. Vinokurov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia J. Wu SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: This work is supported in part by the US DOE grant no. DE-FG02-97ER41033. Multi-color Free-electron Lasers (FELs) have been developed on linac based FELs over the past two decades. On the storage ring, the optical klystron (OK) FEL in its early days was demonstrated to produce lasing at two adjacent wavelengths with their spectral separation limited by the bandwidth of single wiggler radiation. Here, we report a systematic experimental study on the two-color operation at the Duke FEL facility, the first experimental demonstration of a tunable two-color harmonic FEL operation of a storage ring based FEL. We demonstrate a simultaneous generation of two FEL wavelengths, one in infrared (IR) and the other in ultraviolet (UV) with a harmonic relationship. The experimental results show a good performance of the two-color FEL operation in terms of two-color wavelength tunability, power tunability and power stability.
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MOPWI023	Development Plan for Physics Application Software for FRIB Driver Linac	linac, software, ion, EPICS	1201
	M. Ikegami, G. Shen FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661. FRIB is a heavy ion linac facility presently under construction at Michigan State University, USA, and its driver linac accelerates CW beams of all stable ions up to uranium to the energy of 200 MeV/u with the beam power of 400 kW. We plan to start beam commissioning of the driver linac from December 2017. An adequate software environment and infrastructure is critical for our commissioning and operation. Recently, a middle layer based architecture, EPICS V4 based services for example, for physics application has been rapidly developed at other facilities like NSLS II. It has been showing its flexibility, and portability. After reviewing those recent developments, we decided to adopt these services as software infrastructure for FRIB driver linac commissioning. It enables us to take advantage of their cutting edge technologies and maturity as a system sustained by the experience accumulated in the commissioning of NSLS-II. In this paper, we present a plan to develop physics application software for FRIB driver linac based on EPICS V4 services and related software. We also present a plan to adjust these EPICS V4 related software to meet the FRIB specific requirements.
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MOPWI027	Open XAL Control Room Experience	controls, software, optics, Windows	1214
	C.P. Chu, D.G. Maxwell, Y. Zhang FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA C.K. Allen, T.A. Pelaia II, A.P. Shishlo ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 and DE-AC05-00OR22725, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University. This paper reports the control room experience, lessons learned, and quick deployment approach for the Open XAL application environment. Open XAL is a java-based framework for building high-level accelerator applications, it is a major revision of the XAL framework which was developed at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). Open XAL is site neutral and may be deployed at multiple accelerator facilities. Currently, Open XAL is installed at SNS and at the Re-Accelerator facility of Michigan State University. At SNS we are in the final process of replacing the old XAL environment with Open XAL; we describe the upgrade process and our accelerator operations experience using Open XAL. At Michigan State, Open XAL has been tested during a cryomodule commissioning and result will be shown.
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MOPWI032	Analysis of Primary Stripper Foils at SNS by an Electron Beam Foil Test Stand	electron, proton, gun, experiment	1230
	E.P. Barrowclough, C.S. Feigerle University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA C.F. Luck, M.A. Plum, R.W. Shaw, L.L. Wilson ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Diamond foils are used at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) as the primary strippers of hydride ions. A nanocrystalline diamond film, typically 17x45 mm with an aerial density of 0.35 mg/cm², is deposited on a corrugated silicon substrate by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition. After growth, 30 mm of the silicon substrate is etched away, leaving a freestanding diamond foil with a silicon handle that can be inserted into SNS for operation. An electron beam test facility was constructed to study stripper foil degradation and impact on foil lifetime. The electron beam capabilities include: current up to 5 mA, focused spot size of 0.30 mm², and rastering in the x- and y-directions. A 30 keV and 1.6 mA/mm² electron beam deposits the same power density on a diamond foil as a 1.4 MW beam on SNS target. Rastering of the electron beam can expose a similar area of the foil as SNS beams. Experiments were conducted using the foil test stand to study: foil flutter and lifetime; effects of corrugation patterns, aerial densities, crystal size (micro vs. nano), and boron doping; temperature distributions and film emissivity; and conversion rate of nanocrystalline diamond into graphite.
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MOPWI033	Advantages to an Online Multi-particle Beam Dynamics Model for High-power Proton Linacs	linac, emittance, proton, beam-losses	1234
	L. Rybarcyk, S.A. Baily, X. Pang LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	High-power proton linacs like the 800-MeV LANSCE accelerator typically use a physics-based approach and online single-particle and envelope beam dynamics models to establish nominal set points for operation. However, these models are not good enough to enable immediate transition to high-power operation. Instead, some amount of empirical adjustment is necessary to achieve stable, low beam-loss operation. At Los Alamos, we have been developing a new online model, which employs multiparticle beam dynamics, as a tool for providing more information and insight to the operations staff, especially during this transition to high-power operations. This presentation will discuss some of the advantages and benefits of using this type of tool in the tune-up and operation of a high-power proton linac.
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MOPWI044	Beamline Insertions Manager at Jefferson Lab	software, hardware, EPICS, controls	1253
	M.C. Johnson JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The beam viewer system at Jefferson Lab provides operators and beam physicists with qualitative and quantitative information on the transverse electron beam properties. There are over 140 beam viewers installed on the 12 GeV CEBAF accelerator. This paper describes an upgrade consisting of replacing the EPICS based system tasked with managing all viewers with a mixed system utilizing EPICS and high level software. Most devices, particularly the beam viewers, cannot be safely inserted into the beam line during high-current beam operations. Software is partly responsible for protecting the machine from untimely insertions. The multiplicity of beam-blocking and beam-vulnerable devices motivate us to try a data-driven approach. The beamline insertions application components are centrally managed and configured through an object-oriented software framework created for this purpose. A rules-based engine tracks the configuration and status of every device, along with the beam status of the machine segment containing the device. The application uses this information to decide on which device actions are allowed at any given time.
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MOPWI046	eDT and Model-based Configuration of 12 GeV CEBAF	controls, radiation, linac, synchrotron	1259
	D.L. Turner JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. This poster will discuss model-driven setup of CEBAF for the 12GeV era, focusing on the elegant Download Tool (eDT). eDT is a new operator tool that generates magnet design setpoints for various machine energies and pass configurations. eDT was developed in the effort towards a process for reducing machine configuration time and reproducibility by way of an accurate accelerator model.
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TUXB1	FRANZ and Small-Scale Accelerator-Driven Neutron Sources	neutron, proton, target, rfq	1276
	C. Wiesner, S.M. Alzubaidi, M. Droba, M. Heilmann, O. Hinrichs, B. Klump, O. Meusel, D. Noll, O. Payir, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp, S. Schmidt, P.P. Schneider, M. Schwarz, W. Schweizer, K. Volk, C. Wagner IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany R. Reifarth IKF, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany
	This paper gives an overview of the opportunities and challenges of high-intensity, low-energy light-ion accelerators for neutron production. Applications of this technology range from the study of stellar nucleosynthesis and astrophysical phenomena to medical applications such as Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The paper includes details of the FRANZ facility, under development at Frankfurt University.
	Slides TUXB1 [3.514 MB]
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TUXB3	700 kW Main Injector Operations for NOvA at FNAL	booster, proton, electron, experiment	1286
	P. Adamson Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Following a successful career as an antiproton storage and cooling ring, the Fermilab Recycler was repurposed as a proton stacker as part of the NOvA project, in order to increase the maximum NuMI beam power from 400 kW to 700 kW. Using the Recycler to prepare beam for acceleration in the Main Injector, we have been able to increase the beam power delivered to NuMI to a sustained weekly average in excess of 400 kW and a best hourly average of 482.8 kW. I discuss the commissioning progress to date, and describe the remaining steps along the way to achieving the 700 kW design goal.
	Slides TUXB3 [3.401 MB]
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TUBB3	Recent Progress of J-PARC RCS Beam Commissioning - Toward Realizing the 1-MW Output Beam Power	injection, scattering, acceleration, quadrupole	1346
	H. Hotchi JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	Via a series of the injector linac upgrades in 2013 and 2014, the J-PARC RCS got all the design parameters. Thus the RCS is now in the final beam commissioning phase aiming for the 1-MW design output beam power. This paper presents the recent progress of the RCS beam commissioning, mainly focusing on our approaches to beam loss issues that appeared on the process of the beam power ramp-up.
	Slides TUBB3 [2.299 MB]
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TUBC1	Recent Progress and Operational Status of the Compact ERL at KEK	laser, quadrupole, experiment, beam-losses	1359
	S. Sakanaka, M. Adachi, S. Adachi, T. Akagi, M. Akemoto, D.A. Arakawa, S. Araki, S. Asaoka, M. Egi, K. Enami, K. Endo, S. Fukuda, T. Furuya, K. Haga, K. Hara, K. Harada, T. Honda, Y. Honda, H. Honma, T. Honma, K. Hosoyama, K. Hozumi, A. Ishii, X.J. Jin, E. Kako, Y. Kamiya, H. Katagiri, H. Kawata, Y. Kobayashi, Y. Kojima, Y. Kondou, A. Kosuge, T. Kume, T. Matsumoto, H. Matsumura, H. Matsushita, S. Michizono, T. Miura, T. Miyajima, H. Miyauchi, S. Nagahashi, H. Nakai, H. Nakajima, N. Nakamura, K. Nakanishi, K. Nakao, K.N. Nigorikawa, T. Nogami, S. Noguchi, S. Nozawa, T. Obina, T. Ozaki, F. Qiu, H. Sagehashi, H. Sakai, S. Sasaki, K. Satoh, T. Shidara, M. Shimada, K. Shinoe, T. Shioya, T. Shishido, M. Tadano, T. Tahara, T. Takahashi, R. Takai, H. Takaki, T. Takenaka, O. Tanaka, Y. Tanimoto, N. Terunuma, M. Tobiyama, K. Tsuchiya, T. Uchiyama, A. Ueda, K. Umemori, J. Urakawa, K. Watanabe, M. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, Y. Yano, M. Yoshida KEK, Ibaraki, Japan E. Cenni Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan R. Hajima, S. Matsuba, M. Mori, R. Nagai, N. Nishimori, M. Sawamura, T. Shizuma JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan J.G. Hwang KNU, Deagu, Republic of Korea M. Kuriki Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Science, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan Y. Seimiya HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
	Funding: Work supported by the Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program from the MEXT, and by the MEXT grant for promoting technology for nuclear security. The Compact Energy Recovery Linac (cERL) is a superconducting test accelerator aimed at establishing technologies for the ERL-based future light source. After its construction during 2009 to 2013, the first CW beams of 20 MeV were successfully transported through the recirculation loop in February 2014. Then, initial tuning of beams and evaluations of beam properties were carried out. From September to December in 2014, we are constructing a Laser Compton Scattering (LCS) source* which aims at demonstrating technology for the future high-flux quasi-monochromatic gamma-ray source. In the next run of the cERL, which begins at the end of January 2015, we plan such works as an increase in the beam current (from 10 uA to 100 uA), commissioning of the LCS source, and sustained tuning of beams for lower emittance. We will report up-to-date results of these developments. * N. Nakamura et al., IPAC2014, MOPRO110; S. Sakanaka et al., LINAC14, TUPOL01. ** R. Nagai et al., IPAC2014, WEPRO003.
	Slides TUBC1 [2.679 MB]
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TUBC3	Recent Results from FEL seeding at FLASH	FEL, electron, laser, radiation	1366
	J. Bödewadt, S. Ackermann, R.W. Aßmann, N. Ekanayake, B. Faatz, G. Feng, I. Hartl, R. Ivanov, T. Laarmann, J.M. Müller, T. Tanikawa DESY, Hamburg, Germany S. Ackermann, Ph. Amstutz, A. Azima, M. Drescher, L.L. Lazzarino, C. Lechner, Th. Maltezopoulos, V. Miltchev, T. Plath, J. Roßbach Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany K.E. Hacker, S. Khan, R. Molo DELTA, Dortmund, Germany
	The free-electron laser facility FLASH at DESY operates since several years in SASE mode, delivering high-intensity FEL pulses in the extreme ultra violet and soft x-ray wavelength range for users. In order to get more control of the characteristics of the FEL pulses external FEL seeding has proven to be a reliable method to do so. At FLASH, an experimental setup to test several different external seeding methods has been installed since 2010. After successful demonstration of direct seeding at 38 nm, the setup is now being operated in HGHG and later EEHG mode. Furthermore, other studies on laser induced effects on the electron beam dynamics have been performed. In this contribution, we give an overview of recent experimental results on FEL seeding at FLASH.
	Slides TUBC3 [6.651 MB]
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TUPWA004	Operator Roles at the Australian Synchrotron	synchrotron, controls, database, storage-ring	1397
	D.C. McGilvery ASCo, Clayton, Victoria, Australia G. LeBlanc SLSA, Clayton, Australia
	The Accelerator Operators at the Australian Synchrotron undertake a wide variety of critical functions as part of their regular duties. In addition to normal Control Room duties, they play a major Role in Machine Physics, provide after hours support for Users on Beamlines and contribute extensively to the Controls and Database Development across the facility.
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TUPWA011	Progress on the LUNEX5 project	FEL, laser, undulator, electron	1416
	M.-E. Couprie, C. Benabderrahmane, P. Berteaud, C. Bourassin-Bouchet, F. Bouvet, J.D. Bozek, F. Briquez, L. Cassinari, L. Chapuis, J. Da Silva, J. Daillant, Y. Dietrich, M. Diop, J.P. Duval, M.E. El Ajjouri, T.K. El Ajjouri, C. Herbeaux, N. Hubert, M. Khojoyan, M. Labat, P. Lebasque, N. Leclercq, A. Lestrade, A. Loulergue, P. Marchand, O. Marcouillé, J.L. Marlats, F. Marteau, C. Miron, P. Morin, A. Nadji, R. Nagaoka, F. Polack, F. Ribeiro, J.P. Ricaud, P. Rommeluère, P. Roy, G. Sharma, K.T. Tavakoli, M. Thomasset, M. Tilmont, S. Tripathi, M. Valléau, J. Vétéran, W. Yang, D. Zerbib SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France S. Bielawski, C. Evain PhLAM/CERCLA, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France B. Carré, D. Garzella CEA/DSM/DRECAM/SPAM, Gif-sur-Yvette, France X. Davoine CEA/DAM/DIF, Arpajon, France N. Delerue LAL, Orsay, France G. Devanz, C. Madec, A. Mosnier CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France A. Dubois, J. Lüning CCPMR, Paris, France G. Lambert, V. Malka, A. Rousse, C. Thaury LOA, Palaiseau, France E. Roussel Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy C. Szwaj PhLAM/CERLA, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
	LUNEX5 (free electron Laser Using a New accelerator for the Exploitation of X-ray radiation of 5th generation) aims at investigating the production of short, intense, coherent Free Electron Laser (FEL) pulses in the 40-4 nm spectral range. It comprises a 400 MeV superconducting Linear Accelerator for high repetition rate operation (10 kHz), multi-FEL lines and adapted for studies of advanced FEL schemes, a 0.4 - 1 GeV Laser Wake Field Accelerator (LWFA) for its qualification by a FEL application, a single undulator line enabling advanced seeding and pilot user applications. Different studies such as on two color FEL and R&D programs have been launched. A test experiment for the demonstration of 180 MeV LWFA based FEL amplification at 200 nm is under preparation in collaboration with the Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, thanks to a proper electron beam manipulation. Specific hardware is also under development such as a cryo-ready 3 m long undulator of 15 mm period.
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TUPWA012	SOLEIL Status Report	undulator, photon, storage-ring, vacuum	1419
	A. Nadji, Y.-M. Abiven, F. Bouvet, P. Brunelle, A. Buteau, N. Béchu, L. Cassinari, M.-E. Couprie, X. Delétoille, C. Herbeaux, N. Hubert, N. Jobert, M. Labat, J.-F. Lamarre, P. Lebasque, A. Lestrade, A. Loulergue, P. Marchand, O. Marcouillé, J.L. Marlats, L.S. Nadolski, R. Nagaoka, P. Prigent, K.T. Tavakoli, M.-A. Tordeux, M. Valléau SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	The 2.75 GeV synchrotron light source SOLEIL (France) delivers photons to 27 beamlines and 2 new ones are under construction. The commissioning of the Femtoslicing operation mode involving two beamlines is in progress. The uniform filling pattern is now available to users with a 500 mA stored beam current. The operation of the two canted and long beamlines ANATOMIX and Nanoscopium both using in-vacuum insertion devices (IDs) as a photon source has been raising challenges still under investigation. Upgrades of crucial subsystem equipment like magnet power supplies, storage ring RF input power couplers, and solid state amplifiers are continuing. New user requests for beam stability are under upgrade consideration. Other projects for the storage ring are ongoing such as the design and construction of new insertion devices, new multipole injection kicker, localised small and round photon beam production, as well as R&D on 500 MHz solid-state amplifiers. In parallel first studies for a future upgrade of the machine have been progressing.
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TUPWA033	Status of the Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser FLASH	FEL, optics, laser, photon	1482
	M. Vogt, B. Faatz, J. Feldhaus, K. Honkavaara, S. Schreiber, R. Treusch DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The superconducting free-electron laser FLASH at DESY routinely produces up to several thousand photon pulses per second with wavelengths in the soft X-ray and vacuum UV regime and with energies up to 0.5 mJ per pulse. In 2014 the assembly of a second undulator beamline, FLASH2, was finished. While recommissioning of the FLASH linac and the original FLASH1 beamline was finished already at the end of 2013, the commissioning of FLASH2 could only be started in early February 2014. Only a few weeks have been reserved for dedicated set up of FLASH2, and most of its commissioning has been performed parasitically during the FLASH1 user run. The first beam was extracted through the septum to the FLASH2 beamline on March 4th, 2014, and the first lasing of FLASH2 at a wavelength of about 40 nm was achieved on August 20th, while FLASH1 was lasing simultaneously with 250 bunches at 13.5 nm. We summarize here the status of the FLASH2 commissioning and the FLASH1 operation during its 5th user period.
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TUPWA034	Status of the Recommissioning of the Synchrotron Light Source PETRA III	emittance, synchrotron, lattice, optics	1485
	R. Wanzenberg, M. Bieler, M. Ebert, L. Fröhlich, J. Keil, J. Klute, G. Kube, G.K. Sahoo DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	At DESY the Synchrotron Light Source PETRA III has been extended in the North and East section of the storage ring to accommodate ten additional beam lines. The PETRA ring was converted into a dedicated synchrotron light source from 2007 to 2009. Regular user operation started in summer 2010 with a very low emittance of 1 nm at a beam energy of 6 GeV and a total beam current of 100 mA. All photon beamlines were installed in one octant of the storage ring. Nine straight sections facilitated the installation of insertion devices for 14 beam lines. Due to the high demand for additional beamlines the lattice of the ring was redesigned to accommodate 10 additional beamlines in the future. In a one year long shut-down two new experimental halls were built. The recommissioning of PETRA III started in February 2015. We are reporting the current status of synchrotron light source including the performance of the subsystems.
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TUPWA046	Facility Upgrade at PITZ and First Operation Results	gun, laser, plasma, electron	1518
	A. Oppelt, P. Boonpornprasert, A. Donat, J.D. Good, M. Groß, H. Huck, I.I. Isaev, L. Jachmann, D.K. Kalantaryan, M. Khojoyan, W. Köhler, G. Koss, G. Kourkafas, M. Krasilnikov, O. Lishilin, D. Malyutin, J. Meissner, D. Melkumyan, M. Otevřel, M. Penno, B. Petrosyan, S. Philipp, M. Pohl, Y. Renier, T. Rublack, B. Schöneich, J. Schultze, F. Stephan, F. Tonisch, G. Trowitzsch, G. Vashchenko, R.W. Wenndorff DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany G. Asova INRNE, Sofia, Bulgaria M. A. Bakr Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt C. Hernandez-Garcia JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA G. Pathak Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany D. Richter HZB, Berlin, Germany
	The Photo Injector Test facility at DESY, Zeuthen site (PITZ), develops, optimizes and characterizes high brightness electron sources for free electron lasers like FLASH and the European XFEL. In the last year, the facility was significantly upgraded by the installation of a new normal conducting radio- frequency (RF) gun cavity with its new waveguide system for the RF feed, which should allow stable and reliable gun operation, as required for the European XFEL. Other relevant additions include beamline modifications for improving the electron beam transport through the PITZ accelerator, extending the beam-based measurement capabilities, and preparing the installation of a plasma cell. Furthermore, the laser hutch was re-arranged in order to be able to house an additional, new photo cathode drive laser system which should be able to produce 3D ellipsoidal laser pulses to further improve the electron beam quality. This paper describes in detail the aforementioned facility upgrades and reports on the first operation experience with the new gun setup.
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TUPWA051	Elettra Status and Future Prospects	emittance, wiggler, insertion, insertion-device	1529
	E. Karantzoulis, A. Carniel, S. Krecic Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
	The operational status of the Italian 2.4/2.0 GeV third generation light source Elettra is presented together with possible future upgrades and a vision to its future.
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TUPWA054	The FERMI Seeded FEL Facility: Operational Experience and Future Perspectives	FEL, laser, experiment, electron	1538
	M. Svandrlik, E. Allaria, L. Badano, F. Bencivenga, C. Callegari, F. Capotondi, D. Castronovo, P. Cinquegrana, M. Coreno, R. Cucini, I. Cudin, G. D'Auria, M.B. Danailov, R. De Monte, G. De Ninno, P. Delgiusto, A.A. Demidovich, S. Di Mitri, B. Diviacco, A. Fabris, R. Fabris, W.M. Fawley, M. Ferianis, E. Ferrari, P. Finetti, P. Furlan Radivo, G. Gaio, D. Gauthier, F. Gelmetti, L. Giannessi, F. Iazzourene, M. Kiskinova, S. Krecic, M. Lonza, N. Mahne, C. Masciovecchio, M. Milloch, F. Parmigiani, G. Penco, L. Pivetta, O. Plekan, M. Predonzani, E. Principi, L. Raimondi, P. Rebernik Ribič, F. Rossi, E. Roussel, L. Rumiz, C. Scafuri, C. Serpico, P. Sigalotti, C. Svetina, M. Trovò, A. Vascotto, M. Veronese, R. Visintini, D. Zangrando, M. Zangrando Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
	FERMI is the seeded FEL user facility in Trieste, Italy, producing photons from the VUV to the soft X-rays with a high degree of coherence and spectral stability. Both FEL lines, FEL-1 and FEL-2, are now available for users, down to the shortest wavelength of 4 nm. We will report on the completion of the commissioning of the high energy FEL line, FEL-2, and on the operational experience for users, in particular those requiring specific FEL configurations, like two-colour experiments. We will also give a perspective on the improvements and upgrades which have been triggered by our experience and are aiming to maintain as well as to constantly improve the performance of the facility for our user community.
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TUPWA056	New Gun Implementation and Performance of the DAΦNE LINAC	gun, linac, cathode, electron	1546
	B. Buonomo, L.G. Foggetta, G. Piermarini INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
	A new electron gun system has been developed for DAΦNE LINAC, and put into operation since January 2014. Several elements of the system were upgraded, including a new grid pulser, an improved bias voltage system and a renewed cathode socket. The new LINAC gun has now a wider range of parameters, i.e. the emission pulse length spans from 1.4ns up to 40ns, while the better control of the grid and bias voltage allows a maximum peak current of 5A with a pulse repetition rate of 50 Hz. This paper describes the details of the pulser, the power supply, the socket, all the service components of the upgraded gun and its integration in the main LINAC control system. A report on the performance of the LINAC with the new gun will follow.
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TUPWA057	DAΦNE LINAC: Beam Diagnostics and Outline of the Last Improvements	linac, klystron, electron, positron	1549
	B. Buonomo, L.G. Foggetta INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
	The LINAC of the DAΦNE complex is in operation since 1996, both as injector of the e⁺ e⁻ phi-factory, and, since 2003, for the extraction of electron beam to the Beam Test Facility. In the last years, many improvements has been developed in different sub-systems of the LINAC, aiming at a wider, tunable range of beam parameters, in particular the pulse time width and the pulse charge. A long term measurement campaign has been recently started to characterize the LINAC performance after that many sub-systems has been overhauled and improved, starting from RF power (i.e. klystron substitution, modulator re-newing, RF driver layout, SLED tuning) as well as the timing system, magnets, cooling, vacuum, control system and energy/position diagnostics. This work reports the latest results on the optimization of the fully consolidated system.
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TUPWA067	Status of Higher Bunch Charge Operation in Compact ERL	optics, space-charge, recirculation, emittance	1583
	T. Miyajima, K. Harada, Y. Honda, T. Miura, N. Nakamura, T. Obina, F. Qiu, H. Sakai, S. Sakanaka, M. Shimada, R. Takai, K. Umemori, M. Yamamoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan R. Hajima, R. Nagai, N. Nishimori JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan D. Lee KNU, Deagu, Republic of Korea
	In the KEK compact ERL (cERL), machine studies toward higher bunch charge operation is one of the most important issues. From January 2015 to April 2015, we carried out a higher bunch charge operation with an bunch charge of 0.5 pC for the experiment of laser compton scattering. After the study of space charge effect and optics tuning, we succeeded in the recirculation operation with the emittance, which was close to the design value. Moreover, a test operation in the injector section with the bunch charge of 7.7 pC was carried out as a preparation toward the recirculation operation with the average current of 10 mA.
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TUPWA071	Improvements of the Laser System for RF-Gun at SuperKEKB Injector	laser, electron, gun, cryogenics	1598
	R. Zhang, T. Natsui, Y. Ogawa, M. Yoshida, X. Zhou KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	For realizing higher charge and low emittance electron and positron beams in SuperKEKB, we have been making improvements in laser system for RF-gun. The difficulty in controlling thermomechanical distortions has been one of the most important factors for preserving high laser conversion efficiency of infrared-to-ultraviolet and operating at higher repetition rate. We demonstrated that efficient removal of waste heat can be realized by adopting Yb:YAG and copper bonding composite via Au-Sn solder. On the other hand, we proposed the novel design of the cascade laser configuration. Base on this, we can improve the quantum efficiency by utilizing other Yb ions doped crystals as active medium which are pumped by 1035 nm Yb:YAG laser. Excellent thermal management and high charge beams have been achieved by improvements of these two aspects. Additionally, in order to employ high duty ratio pump system and realize laser operation at high repetition rate, we investigated the laser operation in cryogenic environment. A perspective towards the next step experiment is also presented in this paper.
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TUPJE006	Recent Developments of UVSOR-III	undulator, injection, laser, synchrotron	1619
	M. Katoh, K. Hayashi, J. Yamazaki UVSOR, Okazaki, Japan M. Adachi, T. Konomi, N. Yamamoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan M. Hosaka, Y. Takashima Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
	A 750 MeV low energy synchrotron light source, UVSOR, has been operational since 1983. About ten years after the first major upgrade in 2003, the second major upgrade was carried out in 2012, in which all the bending magnets were replaced with combined function ones and a new in-vacuum undulator was installed in the last straight section reserved for undulators. After this upgrade, the light source, UVSOR-III, has been operational with small emittance of 17 nm-rad, with six undulators, and fully with the top-up injection at 300mA. Adding to the present status of the accelerator, most recent progresses in the pulsed sextupole magnet for the beam injection and in the coherent light source development station will be presented.
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TUPJE022	Study on Beam Dynamics of a Knot-APPLE Undulator Proposed for SSRF	polarization, undulator, sextupole, quadrupole	1669
	Q.L. Zhang, B.C. Jiang, S.Q. Tian, Z.T. Zhao, Q.G. Zhou SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	A new type of undulator, Knot-APPLE undulator, is proposed for SSRF as a solution to reduce the heat load of on-axis high harmonics without losing its capability of tuning synchrotron polarization. It will be applied for SSRF Photoemission Spectroscopy beamline (PES-beamline) in the near future. Impact of the undulator on the beam dynamics has been studied based on the 3D magnetic field model and kick map analysis. Linear optics can be retained by quadrupole compensation within two adjacent cells. Dynamical aperture (DA) shrinkage has been found in the tracking and optimized with sextupoles. An active correction scheme of current strips is studied to compensate the kick maps, and both the linear and nonlinear effects are suppressed.
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TUPJE034	A Preliminary Report from Louisiana State University CAMD Storage Ring Operating with an 11-pole 7.5 T Wiggler	wiggler, storage-ring, electron, injection	1682
	R.S. Amin, P. Jines, D.J. Launey, K.J. Morris, V.P. Suller, Y. Wang LSU/CAMD, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA V.K. Lev, N.A. Mezentsev, V.A. Shkaruba, V.M. Syrovatin, O.A. Tarasenko, V.M. Tsukanov, A.A. Volkov, A.V. Zorin BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: Funded by the National Science Foundation. Louisiana State University installed a 7.5 T superconducting wiggler in May 2013 on the electron storage ring located at the Bennett Johnson, Sr. Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD). The wiggler’s influence on betatron tunes and functions, orbit, lifetime, performance, and other relevant beam parameters are described. We further comment on device operations and modifications to ring operations that were necessary to provide light for both wiggler and dipole stations.
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TUPJE036	A New Bench Concept for Measuring Magnetic Fields of Big Closed Structures	controls, vacuum, synchrotron, alignment	1690
	J. Campmany, F. Becheri, C. Colldelram, J. Marcos, V. Massana, J. Nicolás, L. Ribó ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
	The measurement of big closed magnetic structures is becoming a challenge of great interest. The main reason is the tendency towards building accelerators with high magnetic fields produced by small gap magnets, as well as the development of cryogenic or superconducting narrow-gap insertion devices. Usual approach, based on side-measurements made with a Hall probe mounted on the tip of a motorized arm based on a long granite bench is no more applicable to such closed structures. So, new concepts and approaches have been developed, mainly based on complex devices that insert a Hall probe inside the magnetic structure maintaining the desired position by close-loop controls. The main problem of these devices is that they are not general-purpose oriented: they need a special vacuum chamber, require a specific geometry of the magnetic structure, or does not provide 3D field-map measurements. We present in this paper a new bench that has been built at ALBA synchrotron that is simple, multi-purpose and can be a general solution for measuring big closed structures.
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TUPJE039	Recent Results on the Performance of Cs3Sb Photocathodes in the PHIN RF-Gun	cathode, gun, laser, vacuum	1699
	C. Heßler, E. Chevallay, S. Döbert, V. Fedosseev, I. Martini, M. Martyanov CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	For the CLIC drive beam a photoinjector option is under study at CERN as an alternative to the thermionic electron gun in the CLIC baseline design. The CLIC drive beam requires a high bunch charge of 8.4 nC and 0.14 ms long trains with 2 ns bunch spacing, which is challenging for a photoinjector. In particular the required long and high intensity laser pulses cause a degradation of the beam quality during the frequency conversion process, which generates the ultra-violet laser beam needed for standard Cs2Te photocathodes. To overcome this issue Cs3Sb cathodes sensitive to green light have been studied at the high-charge PHIN photoinjector since a few years. In this paper recent measurements of fundamental properties of Cs3Sb photocathodes such as quantum efficiency, cathode lifetime and dark current from summer 2014 will be presented, and compared with previous measurements and with the performance of Cs2Te photocathodes.
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TUPJE040	Surface Characterization at CERN of Photocathodes for Photoinjector Applications	cathode, laser, gun, electron	1703
	I. Martini, E. Chevallay, V. Fedosseev, C. Heßler, H. Neupert, V. Nistor, M. Taborelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	R&D on photocathodes takes place at CERN within the CLIC (Compact Linear Collider) project. Photocathodes are produced as thin films on Oxygen Free copper substrate using a co-deposition technique, and characterized in a dedicated laboratory with a DC photo-electron gun. A new UHV carrier vessel compatible with CERN’s XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) analysis equipment has been commissioned and is used to transport photocathodes from the production laboratory to perform a systematic study of different compounds used as photoemissive materials. In this paper photocathodes used in a RF photoinjector will be characterized and the correlation of their surface properties with their performance will be investigated.
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Paper

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MOXGB2

Commissioning and Operation of 12 GeV CEBAF

linac, cryomodule, cavity, SRF

1

A. Freyberger
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177
The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) located at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Laboratory (JLab) has been recently upgraded to deliver continuous electron beams to the experimental users at a maximum energy of 12 GeV, three times the original design energy of 4 GeV. This paper will present an overview of the upgrade, referred to as the 12GeV upgrade, and highlights from recent beam commissioning results.

Slides MOXGB2 [4.359 MB]

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MOXGB3

LHC Commissioning at Higher Energy

dipole, injection, hardware, cryogenics

6

P. Collier, F. Bordry, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC has just come to the end of its first Long Shutdown (LS1) and preparations are underway to prepare for Run 2 data taking at 13 TeV centre of mass energy. After briefly recalling the major work undertaken during the 2-year long LS1, details will be given of the cool-down and hardware commissioning phase where each individual superconducting circuit is individually qualified for operation at nominal current. For the main dipole circuits this phase was completed with a quench training campaign in order to operate reliably at the required field. In parallel to the training campaign a rigorous cold checkout has been used to qualify the machine as an ensemble and to establish the conditions necessary for beam operation. The details of this phase will be given together with associated dry runs and beam injection tests. Finally, the latest news will be presented concerning the beam commissioning of the machine in preparation for first physics operation, which will hopefully begin in June.

Slides MOXGB3 [8.452 MB]

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MOBC3

Electron Lenses for Experiments on Nonlinear Dynamics with Wide Stable Tune Spreads in the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator

electron, lattice, solenoid, optics

46

G. Stancari, K. Carlson, M.W. McGee, L.E. Nobrega, A.L. Romanov, J. Ruan, A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
D. Noll
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Funding: Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy.
Recent developments in the study of integrable Hamiltonian systems have led to nonlinear accelerator lattice designs with two transverse invariants. These lattices may drastically improve the performance of high-power machines, providing wide tune spreads and Landau damping to protect the beam from instabilities, while preserving dynamic aperture. To test the feasibility of these concepts, the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) is being designed and built at Fermilab. One way to obtain a nonlinear integrable lattice is by using the fields generated by a magnetically confined electron beam (electron lens) overlapping with the circulating beam. The parameters of the required device are similar to the ones of existing electron lenses. We present theory, numerical simulations, and first design studies of electron lenses for nonlinear integrable optics.

Slides MOBC3 [11.870 MB]

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MOAD1

Development of High Gradient RF System for J-PARC Upgrade

cavity, impedance, proton, acceleration

50

C. Ohmori, K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, M. Toda, M. Yoshii
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Nomura, T. Shimada, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
A. Schnase
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

A new 5-cell cavity has been developed for the upgrade of the J-PARC Main Ring. In the cavity, high impedance magnetic alloy - Finemet FT3L, cores are loaded. The cavity was installed and has been used for the 250 kW beam operation. The cavity is operated with the RF voltage of 70 kV which is two times higher voltage than the present cavities. Eight more cavities will be assembled and installed in the next two years to increase the repetition rate of the Main Ring. This paper describes status of cavity operation under the beam loading and status of the mass productions of the cavities.

Slides MOAD1 [2.551 MB]

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MOAD2

RF Breakdown of 805 MHz Cavities in Strong Magnetic Fields

cavity, Windows, controls, klystron

53

D.L. Bowring, A.V. Kochemirovskiy, M.A. Leonova, A. Moretti, M.A. Palmer, D.W. Peterson, K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
B.T. Freemire
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
A.A. Haase
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
P.G. Lane, Y. Torun
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
D. Stratakis
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Ionization cooling of intense muon beams requires the operation of high-gradient, normal-conducting RF structures in the presence of strong magnetic fields. We have measured the breakdown rate in several RF cavities operating at several frequencies. Cavities operating within solenoidal magnetic fields B > 0.25 T show an increased RF breakdown rate at lower gradients compared with similar operation when B = 0 T. Ultimately, this breakdown behavior limits the maximum safe operating gradient of the cavity. Beyond ionization cooling, this issue affects the design of photoinjectors and klystrons, among other applications. We have built an 805 MHz pillbox-type RF cavity to serve as an experimental testbed for this phenomenon. This cavity is designed to study the problem of RF breakdown in strong magnetic fields using various cavity materials and surface treatments, and with precise control over sources of systematic error. We present results from tests in which the cavity was run with all copper surfaces in a variety of magnetic fields.

Slides MOAD2 [10.792 MB]

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MOPWA018

Loss Factor and Impedance Analysis of Warm Components of BERLinPro

factory, impedance, simulation, wakefield

128

H.-W. Glock, M. Abo-Bakr, J. Kolbe, F. Pflocksch, A. Schälicke
HZB, Berlin, Germany
H.-W. Glock, C. Potratz
COMPAEC e.G., Rostock, Germany

Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin, and grants of Helmholtz Association
The ongoing component design for the HZB 50 MeV, 100mA ERL project BERLinPro is accompanied by loss factor and impedance computations. A list of accelerator components including bellows, collimators, tapers, shutter valves etc. is given, some of them with alternative shapes. Loss factors, calculated using CSTParticleStudio®, are presented together with important properties of the impedance spectrum. Scaling of the loss factors with respect to bunch length is calculated on base of the numerical simulations and is used to extrapolate down to a bunch length (1 standard deviation) of 0.6 mm, which is hard to reach directly in numerical simulations.

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MOPWA021

Transverse Resonance Island Buckets at the MLS and BESSY II

resonance, radiation, electron, photon

138

M. Ries, J. Feikes, T. Goetsch, P. Goslawski, J. Li, M. Ruprecht, A. Schälicke, G. Wüstefeld
HZB, Berlin, Germany

By operating the Metrology Light Source (MLS) near horizontal resonances (fx/frev=1/2, 1/3 or 1/4), two, three or four resonance island buckets may be populated for beam storage. This paper presents experimental results and operational experience such as tuning the machine for high current, controlling inter-bucket diffusion rates, improving overall lifetime and extraction of radiation pulses with sub-revolution repetition rate. First approaches to transfer this mode of operation to the BESSY II storage ring will also be presented.

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MOPWA023

Preserving Information of the Three Spatial Electron Beam Dimensions in One Streak Camera Measurement

electron, synchrotron, photon, diagnostics

144

M.T. Switka, W. Hillert
ELSA, Bonn, Germany

Funding: Work funded by the DFG within SFB/TRR16
At the pulse stretcher ring ELSA, a streak camera is used for the analysis of visible synchrotron radiation. It functions as fast time resolving beam diagnostic apparatus capable of visualizing dynamics down to the picosecond time range. The optical beamline splits the photon beam and projects the electron beam's image onto the streak camera with transversely perpendicular orientation and slight displacement, thereby providing simultaneous imaging of both transverse planes. Thus, the information of bunch and beam dynamics in three dimensions is preserved and can be observed in slow sweep or synchroscan operation. Characteristics and exemplary measurements, demonstrating the capabilities and limits of this technique, are presented.

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MOPWA027

Generic Settings Generation for FAIR: First Experience at SIS18

resonance, framework, controls, cavity

156

D. Ondreka, J. Fitzek, H. Liebermann, R. Müller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The accelerators of the FAIR facility will be operated using a new control system presently under design at GSI. One of its major components, the module for settings generation and management, is based on the framework LSA developed at CERN. Its task is the provision and administration of set values for all devices in the FAIR facility. The set values for any accelerator are derived from a machine model, implemented by accelerator physicists using the features of the LSA framework. In view of the large number of accelerators in the FAIR facility, the aim is to develop a generic model, applicable to any of those machines. This requires the introduction of an additional logical layer on top of the LSA framework, ensuring the coherence of the modeling strategy across all accelerators. Following this design concept, a prototype of the FAIR settings management system has been realized at GSI, providing support for a large number of operation modes relevant for the later operation of FAIR. The prototype has been used extensively during recent machine experiments with the synchrotron SIS18, performed both to benchmark the machine model and to support further machine developments for FAIR.

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MOPWA038

Sensitivity of Linac Optics to Focusing and Energy Errors

optics, focusing, linac, quadrupole

193

V. Balandin, W. Decking, N. Golubeva
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The ability to control beam optics in the presence of such imperfections as focusing and energy gain errors is essential for a successful operation of high brightness electron linacs providing beams for free-electron lasers. We characterize the cumulative effect of these imperfections using the value of mismatch parameter calculated at the linac exit and show how it depends on the design of the focusing lattice.

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MOPWA054

Effect of Number of Macro Particles on Resolution in Phase Space Distribution

electron, simulation, linac

242

T. Miyajima
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26600147.
In order to analyze charged particle beam in an accelerator, a beam model is used to reduce number of degrees of freedom, e.g. charged disk model, charged cylinder model and macro-particle model. In numerical simulation, the macro-particle model, which has same mass-to-charge ratio, is widely used, since it does not require any symmetry of beam shape. However, the estimation of proper number of macro-particles is one of the important issues. In order to study the effect of the number of macro-particles for the numerical model, we defined a simple transformation to generate reduced distribution. The transformation was applied for one dimensional and two dimensional particle distributions. The static electric fields due to the transformed distributions were calculated. As a result, we confirmed the effectiveness of the transformation.

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MOPJE039

Generalised Truncated Power Series Algebra for Fast Particle Accelerator Transport Maps

optics, simulation, lattice

374

L. Deniau, C.I. Tomoiagă
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

New Generalised Truncated Power Series Algebra (TPSA) has been developed for extending, simplifying and optimising the transport maps used by particle accelerator simulation codes. TPSA are intensively used in optics code to describe transport maps of the elements constituting the particle accelerator to any order. Generalised TPSA extend the degrees to inhomogeneous ones, where separate degrees can be specified for each variables and constrained by two total orders, one for canonical variables and one for ordinary variables. This allows to track inhomogeneous planes of the 6D phase space with many extra variables. A complete set of new formulas and data structures have been derived to address the problem of memory consumption required for efficient computation of high order TPSA, including generalised indexing, multiplication and composition of inhomogeneous multivariate polynomials. The implementation has been benchmarked against well established libraries for the common subset with TPSA, and outperforms all of them for supported differential algebra operators on low and high orders, and high number of variables.

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MOPJE046

Influence of the Alignment of the Main Magnets on Resonances in the CERN Proton Synchrotron

resonance, synchrotron, alignment, proton

392

A. Huschauer, S.S. Gilardoni, R. Wasef
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During the Long Shutdown 1 seven out of the one hundred combined function PS main magnets were removed from the tunnel to conduct maintenance. After reinstallation, the main magnets were aligned to the reference positions and within the first week of operation of the accelerator, a beam-based re-alignment campaign was performed to reduce the excursions of the closed orbit. In order to further investigate and understand the source of betatronic resonances, which, already in 2011, were found to be excited by the bare machine, tune diagram measurements before and after this beam-based magnet alignment were conducted. In both cases the same resonances as in 2011 were found to be present; however, after the alignment, an overall increase of their strengths was observed. In this paper we present the corresponding measurement results and discuss the direct impact on the daily operation of the accelerator.

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MOPJE056

OMC Software Improvements in 2014

software, optics, GUI, simulation

426

J.M. Coello de Portugal, F.S. Carlier, A. Langner, T. Persson, P.K. Skowroński, R. Tomás
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

We present the LHC Optics Measurement and Corrections (OMC) software developments done during 2014 on stability, performance and usability. This software is used to analyze turn-by-turn data and compute optics corrections to get the best performance of the LHC. The main developments have been an automatic local correction script to get faster and more accurate corrections in the interaction regions, a self contained test for the whole software package to avoid mistakes during the software development and the improvements in the software quality and efficiency of the Segment by Segment technique script. We also present a study of the code quality in its current status.

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MOPJE068

PLACET2: A Novel Code for Beam Dynamics in Recirculating Machines

linac, dipole, simulation, lattice

465

D. Pellegrini, A. Latina, D. Schulte
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Efforts have been taken to enable the simulation of recirculating machines in PLACET. The new version, PLACET2, allows handling multiple interconnected beamlines in order to obtain a realistic model of a machine. Two new elements, injectors and dumps, have been introduced and are active components of any working machine. Trains of bunches are routed through beamlines and tracked simultaneously in a parallel manner. Tracking through time-dependent elements is possible, and care is made to preserve the correct time-structure of the beam in case of beam recombination. This allows straightforward computations of multi-bunch effects arising with high-charge and shortly spaced bunch trains, even with variable train structure. The main features of the code are presented together with its working principles and its key ideas. Two case studies are introduced: LHeC and the CTF3 combiner ring.

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MOPMA005

Non-invasive Beam Profile Monitoring

detector, vacuum, ion, proton

537

C.P. Welsch, T. Cybulski, A. Jeff, V. Tzoganis, H.D. Zhang
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
T. Cybulski, A. Jeff, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
A. Jeff
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
V. Tzoganis
RIKEN, Saitama, Japan

Funding: Work supported by the Helmholtz Association under contract VH-NG-328, the EU under contracts 215080 and 289485, as well as the STFC Cockcroft core grant No. ST/G008248/1.
State-of-the-art high energy and high intensity accelerators require new approaches to transverse beam profile monitoring as many established techniques will no longer work due to the high power stored in the beam. In addition, many accelerator applications such as ion beam cancer therapy or material irradiation would benefit significantly from the availability of non-invasive beam profile monitors. Research in the QUASAR Group has focused on this area over the past 5 years. Two different approaches were successfully developed: Firstly, a supersonic gas jet-based monitor was designed and commissioned. It enables the detection of the 2-dimensional transverse beam profile of essentially any charged particle beam with negligible disturbance of the primary beam and accelerator vacuum. Secondly, a monitor based on the Silicon strip VELO detector, originally developed for the LHCb experiment, was tested as an online beam monitor at the Clatterbridge Cancer Center in the UK. The design of both monitors is presented in this contribution. Results from measurements are discussed and complemented by numerical studies into the performance limits of either technique.

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MOPMA013

Experience with Round Beam Operation at the Advanced Photon Source

coupling, emittance, resonance, storage-ring

562

A. Xiao, L. Emery, V. Sajaev, B.X. Yang
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357
Very short Touschek lifetime becomes a common issue for next-generation ultra-low emittance storage ring light sources. In order to reach a longer beam lifetime, such a machine often requires operating with a vertical-to-horizontal emittance ratio close to an unity, i.e. a ‘‘round beam''. In tests at the APS storage ring, we determined how a round beam can be reached experimentally. Some general issues, such as beam injection, optics measurement and corrections, and orbit correction have been tested also. To demonstrate that a round beam was achieved, the beam size ratio is calibrated using beam lifetime measurement.

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MOPMA014

Design of Superconducting CW linac for PIP-II

linac, cryomodule, beam-losses, optics

565

A. Saini, V.A. Lebedev, J.-F. Ostiguy, N. Solyak, V.P. Yakovlev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) -II is a proposed roadmap to upgrade existing proton accelerator complex at Fermilab. It is primarily based on construction of superconducting (SC) linear accelerator (linac) that would be capable to operate in continuous wave (CW) mode. This paper will present reference design of SC linac and discuss motivations and requirements resulting in this layout and beam optics.

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MOPMA018

Simulation of Multipacting in SC Low Beta Cavities at FNAL

simulation, cavity, niobium, linac

579

G.V. Romanov, P. Berrutti, T.N. Khabiboulline
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Proton Improvement Plan-II at Fermilab is a plan for improvements to the accelerator complex aimed at providing a beam power capability of at least 1 MW on target at the initiation of LBNE (Long Base Neutrino Experiment) operations. The central element of the PIP-II is a new 800 MeV superconducting linac, injecting into the existing Booster. Multipacting affects superconducting RF cavities in the entire range from high energy elliptical cavities to coaxial resonators for low-beta applications. This work is focused on multipacting study in the low-beta 325 MHz spoke cavities; namely SSR1 and SSR2, which are especially susceptible to the phenomena. The extensive simulations of multipacting in the cavities with updated material properties and comparison of the results with experimental data helped us to improve overall reliability and accuracy of these simulations. Our practical approach to the simulations is described in details. For SSR2, which has a high multipacting barrier right at the operating power level, some changes of the cavity shape to mitigate this harmful phenomenon are proposed.

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MOPMA027

Electron Cloud Measurements in Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler

electron, vacuum, proton, injection

604

J.S. Eldred
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
M. Backfish, J.S. Eldred, C.-Y. Tan, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

This conference paper presents a series of electron cloud measurements in the Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler. A new instability was observed in the Recycler in July 2014 that generates a fast transverse excitation in the first high intensity batch to be injected. Microwave measurements of electron cloud in the Recycler show a corresponding dependence on the batch injection pattern. These electron cloud measurements are compared to those made with a retarding field analyzer (RFA) installed in a field-free region of the Recycler in November. RFAs are also used in the Main Injector to evaluate the performance of beampipe coatings for the mitigation of electron cloud. Contamination from an unexpected vacuum leak revealed a potential vulnerability in the amorphous carbon beampipe coating. The diamond-like carbon coating, in contrast, reduced the electron cloud signal to 1\% of that measured in uncoated stainless steel beampipe.

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MOPMA053

Characterizing Betatron Tune Knobs on Duke Storage Ring

wiggler, lattice, storage-ring, betatron

672

H. Hao, S.F. Mikhailov, V. Popov, Y.K. Wu
FEL/Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
J.Y. Li
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China

Funding: This work is supported in part by the US DOE grant no. DE-FG02-97ER41033.
The Duke electron storage ring is a dedicated driver for oscillator Free-Electron Lasers (FELs). A 34-m long straight section of the storage ring can host up to four FEL wigglers in several different configurations. The storage ring magnetic lattice has designed with great flexibility to enable the operation with different wiggler configurations and at different electron beam energies. To realize smooth storage ring operation with various electron beam and wiggler parameters, a sophisticated lattice feedforward compensation scheme and a set of betatron tune knobs have been designed, developed and implemented in the controls system. The built-in compensation and tune knobs have demonstrated to be highly useful to allow transparent operation of the storage ring. To fully understand the effectiveness of the lattice tuning scheme, experiments have been carried to characterize the betatron tune knobs. In this paper, we will outline the measurement techniques and procedures, report experimental results, and make important observations on the usefulness of developing an advanced light source storage ring using accurate knowledge of individual magnets with high-quality measured fields.

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MOPMN019

Understanding the Effect of Space Charge on Instabilities

space-charge, synchrotron, impedance, hadron

743

M. Blaskiewicz
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
A. Chao
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
Y.H. Chin
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The combined effects of space charge and wall impedance on transverse instabilities is an important consideration in the design and operation of hadron machines as well as an intrinsic academic interest. This study explores the combined effects of space charge and wall impedance using various simplified models in an attempt to produce a better understanding of their interplay.

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MOPHA001

Transverse Bunch by Bunch Feedback Operations at the Australian Synchrotron Light Source

feedback, resonance, storage-ring, synchrotron

769

R.T. Dowd, M.P. Atkinson, M.J. Boland, G. LeBlanc, Y.E. Tan, K. Zingre
SLSA, Clayton, Australia

The Australian Synchrotron light source has recently put in operation its transverse bunch-by-bunch feedback system during user beam mode. Getting to the stage of stable operation has been a long road and this paper will outline the many difficulties that were encountered. Chief among these are the apparent strong, high frequency, vertical resonances that appear when the storage ring's three in-vacuum undulators are closed to specific gaps. The behaviour of these resonances and their effects on achieving stable feedback operation will be explored in detail.

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MOPHA002

Operational Applications - a Software Framework Used for the Commissioning of the MedAustron Accelerator

framework, injection, software, controls

773

A. Wastl, M. Hager, M. Regodic
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria

MedAustron is a synchrotron-based cancer therapy and non-clinical research center located in Austria. Its accelerator is currently being commissioned prior to first medical treatment. During the tuning of the machine, many iterations of measurements involving several parameter changes are performed in order to optimize the accelerator’s performance. An operation and measurement software framework called 'Operational Application Framework' (OpApp) has been developed for this purpose. It follows a modular approach and provides basic methods like ‘write to file’ or ‘measure beam position monitor‘. By appropriately combining modules, OpApps performing automatized measurements and complex procedures can be created. A detailed description of the setup as well as examples of use are provided here.

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MOPHA003

Status of ATF2 IP-BPM Project

cavity, feedback, electronics, status

777

O.R. Blanco-García, P. Bambade, F. Bogard, P. Cornebise, S. Wallon
LAL, Orsay, France
D.R. Bett, N. Blaskovic Kraljevic, T. Bromwich
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
P. Burrows, G.B. Christian, C. Perry
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
Y. Honda, K. Kubo, S. Kuroda, T. Naito, T. Okugi, T.T. Tauchi, N. Terunuma
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
S.W. Jang, E.-S. Kim
KNU, Deagu, Republic of Korea

The efforts during the second half of 2014 towards nano-metric beam position measurement and stabilization at the Interaction Point (IP) section of the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at KEK are presented. Recent improvements to the beam position monitor (BPM) data analysis and processing electronics, as well as the installation of a new set of C-Band BPMs, are reviewed.

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MOPHA010

RF Feedback and Detuning Studies for the BESSY Variable Pulse Length Storage Ring Higher Harmonic SC Cavities

cavity, beam-loading, feedback, synchrotron

798

A. Neumann, P. Echevarria, P. Goslawski, M. Ries, M. Ruprecht, A.V. Vélez, G. Wüstefeld
HZB, Berlin, Germany

For the feasibility of the BESSY VSR upgrade project of BESSY II two higher harmonic systems at a factor of 3 and 3.5 of the ring's RF fundamental of 500 MHz will be installed in the ring. Operating in continuous wave at high average accelerating field of 20 MV/m and phased at zero-crossing, the superconducting cavities have to be detuned within tight margins to ensure stable operation and low power consumption at a loaded Q of 5·10⁷. The field variation of the cavities is mainly driven by the repetitive transient beam-loading of the envisaged complex bunch fill pattern in the ring. Within this work combined LLRF-cavity and longitudinal beam dynamics simulation will demonstrate the limits for stable operation, especially the coupling between synchrotron oscillation and RF feedback settings. Further impact by beam current decay and top-up injection shots are being simulated.
* G. Wüstefeld et al., IPAC 11, San Sebastiàn, Spain, p. 2936.

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MOPHA028

Operation of Normal Conducting RF Guns with MicroTCA.4

gun, LLRF, cavity, feedback

841

M. Hoffmann, V. Ayvazyan, J. Branlard, L. Butkowski, M.K. Grecki, U. Mavrič, M. Omet, S. Pfeiffer, H. Schlarb, Ch. Schmidt
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
W. Fornal, R. Rybaniec
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland
A. Piotrowski
FastLogic Sp. z o.o., Łódź, Poland

During the last half year, the MicroTCA.4 based single cavity LLRF control system was installed and commissioned at several normal conducting facilities at DESY (FLASH RF gun, REGAE, PITZ RF gun, and XFEL RF gun). First tests during the last year show promising results in optimizing the system for high speed digital LLRF feedbacks, i.e. reducing system latency, increasing the internal controller processing speed, testing new control schemes, and optimizing controller parameters. In this contribution we will present results and gained experience from the commissioning phase and the first time period of real operation.

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MOPHA029

Operation Experiences with the MICROTCA.4-based LLRF Control System at FLASH

LLRF, electron, radiation, laser

844

M. Omet, V. Ayvazyan, J. Branlard, L. Butkowski, M.K. Grecki, M. Hoffmann, F. Ludwig, U. Mavrič, S. Pfeiffer, K.P. Przygoda, H. Schlarb, Ch. Schmidt, H.C. Weddig, B.Y. Yang
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
W. Cichalewski, D.R. Makowski
TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland
K. Czuba, K. Oliwa, I. Rutkowski, R. Rybaniec, D. Sikora, W. Wierba, M. Żukociński
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland
A. Piotrowski
FastLogic Sp. z o.o., Łódź, Poland

The Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg Germany is a user facility providing ultra-short, femtosecond laser pulses up to the soft X-ray wavelength range. For the precise regulation of the radio frequency (RF) fields within the 60 superconducting cavities, which are organized in 5 RF stations, digital low level RF (LLRF) control systems based on the MTCA.4 standard were implemented in 2013. Until now experiences with failures potentially due to radiation, overheating, and ageing as well as with the general operation of the control systems have been gained. These have a direct impact on the operation and on the performance of FLASH and will allow future improvements. The lessons learned are not only important for FLASH but also in the scope of European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (X-FEL), which will be operated with the same LLRF control system.

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MOPHA034

High Voltage RTM Piezo Driver for XFEL Special Diagnostics

laser, diagnostics, high-voltage, hardware

860

K.P. Przygoda, M. Felber, C. Gerth, M. Heuer, E. Janas, U. Mavrič, P. Peier, H. Schlarb, B. Steffen, C. Sydlo
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
T. Kozak, P. Prędki
TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland

High voltage RTM Piezo Driver has been developed to support special diagnostic applications foreseen for XFEL facility. The RTM is capable of driving 4 piezo actuators with voltages up to ±80 V. The solid-state power amplifiers are driven using 18-bit DACs and sampling rates of 1 MSPS. The bandwidth of the driver is remotely tunable using programmable low pass filters. The 4-channel Piezo Driver unit provides the information of piezo output voltage and current. Three independent test setups have been built to test 4-channel Piezo Driver performance. In the paper we are presenting EOD laser lock to 1.3 GHz FLASH master oscillator using bipolar piezo stretcher (fine tuning). The piezo motor based course tuning has been applied for the long term laser stability measurements. The unipolar piezo actuator operation has been demonstrated for the Origami Onefive laser locked to 1.3 GHz LAB MO. The preliminary results of active stabilization of 3 km fiber link laboratory setup are shown.

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MOPHA038

Studies for a Wakefield-Optimized Near-Field EO Setup at the ANKA Storage Ring

laser, wakefield, simulation, electron

869

P. Schönfeldt, A. Borysenko, N. Hiller, B. Kehrer, A.-S. Müller
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Funding: This work is funded by the BMBF contract numbers 05K10VKC, and 05K13VKA.
ANKA, the synchrotron light source of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), is the first storage ring with a near-field single-shot electro-optical (EO) bunch profile monitor inside its vacuum chamber. Using the method of electro-optical spectral decoding (EOSD), the current setup made it possible to study longitudinal beam dynamics (e.g. microbunching) occurring during ANKA's low-alpha-operation with sub-ps resolution (granularity). However, the setup induces strong wake-fields spanning the distance between consecutive bunches which cause heat load to the in-vacuum setup for high beam currents. This heat load in turn leads to a laser misalignment thus preventing measurements during multi-bunch operation. Fortunately, the EOSD setup also allows us to directly study these wake-fields so simulation results can be compared to measurement data. This paper reviews possible changes of the setup's geometry with respect to a reduction of the wakefield effects.

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MOPHA058

Beam Based Gain Calibration for Beam Position Monitor at J-PARC Main Ring

simulation, synchrotron, proton, closed-orbit

927

H. Kuboki, J. Takano, M. Tejima, T. Toyama
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
S. Hatakeyama
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

Funding: MEXT KAKENHI Grant Number 25105002, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas titled "Unification and Development of the Neutrino Science Frontier"
Beam Position Monitor (BPM) is one of the essential elements in a synchrotron facility. It provides the accurate beam positions, which are used to correct the closed orbit distortion. Each BPM is installed with the electronics which enable to acquire the data of the turn-by-turn beam positions. Here, we define the "gain" as the proportionality coefficient between the signal detected at the ADC and the ideal signal without any errors. The signal strength from a BPM electrode varies depending on 1) transmission characteristics of a long cable, 2) processing circuit, and 3) contact resistance at the connected parts. These are the origin of the gain deviations. In order to correct the deviations, a Beam Based Gain Calibration (BBGC) method has been proposed *. Development of a new method for adequate gain calibration is required because any calibration method for routine operation has not been established for BPMs with diagonal-cut electrodes used at J-PARC Main Ring. The results of analysis will be presented using the Total Least Square fitting as an adequate method for the BBGC with sufficient accuracy within 0.6% in one standard deviation.
* M. Tejima et al., DIPAC2011 (2011).

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MOPHA059

Control System Upgrade for SuperKEKB Injector Linac

controls, linac, EPICS, Linux

930

M. Satoh, K. Furukawa, K. Mikawa, F. Miyahara, Y. Seimiya, T. Suwada
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Kudou, S. Kusano
Mitsubishi Electric System & Service Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
H.S. Saotome, M. Takagi
Kanto Information Service (KIS), Accelerator Group, Ibaraki, Japan

Toward SuperKEKB project, the electron/positron injector linac upgrade is ongoing at KEK in order to deliver the low emittance electron/positron beams with high bunched charge intensity and small emittance. A large number of accelerator components and control devices will be newly installed before the autumn of 2014. Finally, we are aiming at the simultaneous top-up operation for the four independent storage rings including two light sources. The high availability and reliability of control system is strongly required for the long-term stable beam operation under such complex operation schemes. In this presentation, we will describe the control system upgrade plan and status.

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MOPTY003

Measurement of Momentum Spread of the Injection Beam with Longitudinal Tomography Method in the J-PARC RCS

linac, injection, acceleration, synchrotron

944

M. Yoshimoto, H. Harada, H. Hotchi, M. Kinsho, P.K. Saha, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

In the J-PARC RCS, the beam tuning toward the design output beam power of 1MW were started after the completing of the beam energy and beam current upgrades in the LINAC. One of the important issues to achieve the 1MW beam operation is the optimization of the injection beam from the LINAC. Due to the longitudinal beam tuning in the LINAC, the momentum spread of the injected beam into the RCS was measured with the longitudinal tomography method. Our longitudinal tomography tool had been developed using the simple algorithm with the Convolution Back-Projection (CBP) method for the beam storage mode of the RCS. Accordingly, we improved this tool to expand into the acceleration mode.

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MOPTY011

Operation Experience of p-Carbon Polarimeter in RHIC

target, polarization, detector, vacuum

956

H. Huang, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, A. Bazilevsky, O. Eyser, D. Kalinkin, J. Kewisch, Y. Makdisi, S. Nemesure, A. Poblaguev, W.B. Schmidke, D. Smirnov, D. Steski, K. Yip, A. Zelenski
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
I.G. Alekseev, D. Svirida
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The spin physics program in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) requires fast polarimeter to monitor the polarization evolution on the ramp and during stores. Over past decade, the polarimeter has evolved greatly to improve its performance. These include dual chamber design, monitoring camera, Si detector selection (and orientation), target quality control, and target frame modification. The preamp boards have been modified to deal with the high rate problem, too. The ultra thin carbon target lifetime is a concern. Simulations have been carried out on the target interaction with beam. Modification has also been done on the frame design. Extra caution has been put on RF shielding to deal with the pickup noises from the nearby stochastic cooling kickers. This paper summarizes the recent operation performance of this delicate device.

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MOPTY020

An Intelligent Trigger Abnormal Beam Operation Monitoring Processor at the SSRF

monitoring, FPGA, injection, status

978

L.W. Lai, Z.C. Chen, Y.B. Leng, Y.B. Yan
SSRF, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by National Nature Science Fundation of China(11305253)(11375255)(11105211)
An intelligent trigger abnormal beam operation monitoring processor has been designed at the SSRF. By applying digital signal processing algorithms in FPGA, the processor keeps monitoring the beam operation status. It will output a trigger signal and store the turn-by-turn beam position data when abnormal events detected. The abnormal events include injection, beam loss, and abnormal disturbance. This ability makes the processor a powerful tool for abnormal operation causes analysing and machine study.

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MOPTY028

Introduction to BINP HLS to Measure Vertical Changes on PAL-XFEL Buildings and Ground

alignment, laser, ground-motion, synchrotron

994

H. J. Choi, K.H. Gil, H.-S. Kang, S.H. Kim, K.W. Seo
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea

PAL-XFEL is being installed and will be completed by December of 2015 so that users can be supported beginning in 2016. PAL-XFEL equipment should continuously maintain the bunch beam parameter. To this end, PAL-XFEL equipment has to be kept precisely aligned. As a part of the process for installing PAL-XFEL, a surface geodetic network and the installation of a tunnel measurement network inside buildings is in preparation; additionally, the fiducialization of major equipment is underway. After PAL-XFEL equipment is optimized and aligned, if the ground and buildings go through vertical changes during operation, misalignment of equipments will cause errors in the electron beam trajectory, which will lead to changes to the beam parameter. For continuous and systemic measurement of vertical changes in buildings and to monitor ground sinking and uplifting, the BINP Ultrasonic-type Hydrostatic Levelling System (HLS) is to be installed and operated in all sections of PAL-XFEL for linear accelerator, Undulator and beam line. This study will introduce the operation principle, design concept and advantages (self-calibration) of HLS, and will outline its installation plan and operation plan.

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MOPTY030

Capacitive Linear-Cut Beam Position Monitor Design for Ion Synchrotron at KHIMA Project

synchrotron, vacuum, target, proton

998

J.G. Hwang, C.H. Kim, S.H. Nam, S.Y. Noh
KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea
G. Hahn, W.T. Hwang, T.K. Yang
KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
E.-S. Kim
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

The KHIMA (Korea Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator) project is launched to construct the carbon and proton beam base ion therapy machine. It, which consists of the injector with RFQ and IH-DTL linacs, medium beam transport line, synchrotron, and high energy beam transport line, will be provided the carbon beam up to 430 MeV/u and proton beam up to 230 MeV for cancer therapy. The high precision beam position monitor is required to match and control the beam trajectory for the beam injection and closed orbit in synchrotron. It was also used for measuring the beta-function, tune, and chromaticity. Since the bunch length at heavy ion synchrotron is relatively long, a few meters, a box-like device with long plates of typically 20 cm is used to enhance the signal strength and to get a precise linear dependence with respect to the beam displacement. In this presentation, we show the electromagnetic design of the electrode and surroundings to satisfy the resolution of 100 um, the criteria for mechanical aspect to satisfy the position accuracy of 200 um, the measurement result of position accuracy by using the wire test-bench, and the beam-test results with long (~ 1.6 us) electron beam in PAL.

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MOPTY042

ALBA LLRF Upgrades to Improve Beam Availability

cavity, LLRF, beam-loading, synchrotron

1022

A. Salom, B. Bravo, J. Marcos, F. Pérez
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

ALBA is a 3GeV synchrotron light source located in Barcelona and operating with users since May 2012. The RF system of the SR is composed of six cavities, each one powered by combining the power of two 80 kW IOTs through a Cavity Combiner (CaCo). At present, there are several RF interlocks per week. The redundancy given by the six cavities makes possible the survival of the beam after one of these trips. In these cases, the cavity has to be recovered with the circulating beam. An autorecovery process has been implemented in the digital LLRF system in order to recover the faulty RF plant after a trip. But these trips also create perturbations to the beam stability. In order to minimize the beam perturbations induced by these RF interlock, an additional feed-forward loop is being implemented. The functionally, main parameters and test results of these new algorithms will be presented.

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MOPTY043

Update on the Development of the New Electronic Instrumentation for the LIPAc/IFMIF Beam Position Monitors

timing, electronics, EPICS, controls

1025

A. Guirao, D. Jiménez-Rey, L.M. Martinez Fresno, E. Molina Marinas, J. Mollá, I. Podadera, I. Rivera
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain

Funding: This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the project FIS2013-40860-R and the Agreement as published in BOE, 16/01/2013, page 1988
Among all the LIPAc/IFMIF accelerator diagnostics instrumentation, the Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) are a cornerstone for its operation. An electronics system centered on self-calibration and extraction of beam phase information for Time Of Flight measurement is proposed for the twenty BPM stations distributed along the accelerator. The system under development is a fully digital instrumentation which incorporates automatic calibration of the monitors' signals and allows monitoring of both fundamental and second signal harmonics. The current state of the development and first experimental results of the system on the test bench will be presented.

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MOPTY044

Machine Protection Systems and their Impact on Beam Availability and Accelerator Reliability

linac, storage-ring, software, proton

1029

R. Andersson, E. Bargalló, A. Nordt
ESS, Lund, Sweden
E. Adli
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Over the last decades, the complexity and performance levels of machine protection have developed. The level of reliability and availability analysis prior to operation differs between facilities, just as the pragmatic changes of the machine protection during operation. This paper studies the experience and development of machine protection for some of the state of the art proton and ion accelerators, and how it relates to reducing damage to and downtime of the machine. The findings are discussed and categorized, with emphasis on proton accelerators. The paper is concluded with some recommendations for a future high power linear proton accelerator.

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MOPTY045

ESS Availability and Reliability Approach

neutron, experiment, proton, target

1033

E. Bargalló, K.H. Andersen, R. Andersson, A. De Isusi, A. Nordt, E.J. Pitcher
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Reliability and availability are key metrics for achieving the scientific vision of the ESS. The approach taken to analyze and to improve these metrics in order to achieve the goals is described in this contribution. The methodology used to obtain the requirements considers not only the availability and reliability figures but also the specific needs extracted from users expectations from the neutron source in order to succeed in their experiments. A top-down requirements allocation is being developed at the same time that bottom-up reliability and availability analyses is being performed. The experiments expected at ESS and their needs in terms of neutron beam performance (reliability, availability and quality) are described as well as the tools used to analyze it. Moreover, the consequences of these analyses in the design phase are discussed.

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MOPTY048

Machine Protection Strategy for the ESS

neutron, controls, proton, target

1042

A. Nordt, T. Friedrich, T. Korhonen
ESS, Lund, Sweden
C. Hilbes
ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland

The ESS proton beam power of 125MW per pulse (5MW average) will be unprecedented and its uncontrolled release could lead to serious damage of equipment within a few microseconds only. To optimize the operational efficiency of the ESS facility allowing for very high beam availability with high reliability towards the end-users, accidents should be avoided and interruptions of beam operation have to be rare and limited to a short time. Finding the right balance between efficient protection of equipment from damage and high beam availability is the key idea on which the ESS Machine Protection Strategy is being based on. Implementing and realizing the measures needed to provide the correct level of machine protection in case of a complex facility like the ESS, requires a systematic approach, which will be discussed in this paper. A method of how to derive machine protection relevant requirements and how to assure completeness of these will be outlined as well.

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MOPTY050

Design, Development and Implementation of a Highly Dependable Magnet Powering Interlock System for ESS

PLC, power-supply, software, hardware

1045

M. Zaera-Sanz, S.L. Birch, A. Monera Martinez, A. Nordt
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Approximately 350 resistive magnets and 350 power supplies (PS) will be installed in the 600 m long linear accelerator (LINAC) at ESS, transporting the proton beam from the source to the target station. In order to protect this equipment from damage (e.g. due to overheating) and to take the appropriate actions required to minimise recovery time, a dedicated magnet powering interlock system is being designed. The magnet powering interlock system will safely switch off a PS upon the detection of an internal magnet or PS failure and inform the beam interlock system to inhibit further beam operation. The different failure modes and related mitigation techniques of magnets and their PS will be presented. Failures of the magnet cooling system can be detected for example by interlocking the opening of a thermo-switch or a flow-switch. To achieve the required level of dependability, an interlock system based on safety PLC technology, distributed safety PLC software programming tools, PROFINET fieldbus networking, and current loops for hardwired interlock signal exchanges, has been prototyped and will be discussed.

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MOPTY054

Fibre Monitoring System for the Beam Permit Loops at the LHC and Future Evolution of the Beam Interlock System

monitoring, radiation, diagnostics, interface

1054

C. García-Argos, R. Denz, S. Gabourin, C. Martin, B. Puccio, A.P. Siemko
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The optical fibres that transmit the beam permit loop signals at the CERN accelerator complex are deployed along radiation areas. This may result in increased attenuation of the fibres, which reduces the power margin of the links. In addition, other events may cause the links to not function properly and result in false dumps, reducing the availability of the accelerator chain and affecting physics data taking. In order to evaluate the state of the fibres, an out-of-band fibre monitoring system is proposed, working in parallel to the actual beam permit loops. The future beam interlock system to be deployed during LHC long shutdown 2 will implement online, real-time monitoring of the fibres, a feature the current system lacks. Commercial off-the-shelf components to implement the optical transceivers are proposed whenever possible instead of ad-hoc designs.

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MOPTY059

First Operational Experience of DSL Based Analysis Modules for LHC Hardware Commissioning

DSL, framework, Domain-Specific-Languages, superconducting-magnet

1073

M. Zerlauth, C. Aguilera-Padilla, M. Audrain, Z. Charifoulline, M. Dragu, J.C. Garnier, R.M. Heil, M. Koza, K.H. Krol, T. Martins Ribeiro, R. Orlandi, S. Rowan, K.S. Stamos
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Large Hadron Collider powering systems have been tested and commissioned before to start the second run of physics production. This commissioning used for the first time analysis modules defined directly by system experts in an english-like domain specific language. In these modules, the experts defined assertions that the data generated by the powering tests must verify in order for the test to pass. These modules concerned 4 tests executed for more than 1000 systems. They allowed experts to identify issues that were hidden behind the repetitive manual analysis performed during the previous campaigns. This paper describes this first operational experience of the analysis modules, as well as the replay of all the previous campaign with them. It will also present a critical point of view on these modules to identify their drawbacks and the next step to improve this system.

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MOPTY060

Pulse Compressor Phase and Amplitude Modulation Based on Iterative Learning Control

klystron, controls, linac, experiment

1076

A. Řežaeizadeh, R. Kalt, T. Schilcher
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
R. Smith
Automatic Control Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

This paper presents an alternative way to produce flat-topped RF pulses at the pulse compressor output. Flat-topped RF pulses are suitable for multi-bunch operation where it is often required that beams experience the same accelerating gradient. Moreover, the energy gain, in this case, is less sensitive to timing jitters. The proposed approach is based on Iterative Learning Control technique, which iteratively updates the input waveforms, in order to generate the desired output waveforms.

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MOPTY062

The Energy Saving Processes for Utility System in TPS

controls, experiment, photon, factory

1082

C.S. Chen, W.S. Chan, J.-C. Chang, Y.C. Chang, Y.-C. Chung, C.W. Hsu, C.Y. Liu, Z.-D. Tsai
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

There are more and more non-linear electronic equipments such as inverters using in facility nowadays. These non-linear electronic equipments let us achieve energy saving, but induce other electrical pollution to the whole power grid in contrast. Among these electrical pollutions, electric harmonic is the most common and harmful to power facility. Therefore, how to monitor the electrical noises from these non-linear equipments becomes an important issue. In this article, a set of power quality monitoring system based on FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays) modules and PAC (Programmable Automatic Controller) has been built because of their programmability and fast processing speed. By using this monitoring system, any abnormality in power system and its spectrum will be recorded thoroughly. On the other hand, the maintainer could follow the trace of noise and then propose a suitable solution to eliminate the electrical interference too.

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MOPTY063

The Flexible Customized Supervisor and Control System for Utility in TPS

controls, network, monitoring, vacuum

1085

C.S. Chen, W.S. Chan, J.-C. Chang, Y.C. Chang, Y.-C. Chung, C.W. Hsu, C.Y. Liu, Z.-D. Tsai
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

In order to maintain and operate a synchrotron radiation light source well requires quite a few efforts. All parts of the big machine, including vacuum system, all kinds of magnets, RF facility, cryogenic equipments, radiation security, optic devices and utility equipment must cooperate in harmony to provide high quality light. Any one of the above system contains lots of analog or digital signal transmission, not to mention the vast range of utility. Numbers of programmable automation controllers (PACs) are applied in utility system in TPS to ensure the utility operates normally. In addition to the high reliability and distribution, the flexible programmability of PAC is the most critical feature in this project. A well-designed program, Archive Viewer, provides a platform for showing these big data from all distributed systems. The architecture of the server system for utility is described in this paper as well.

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MOPTY079

The Installation and Operation of TPS Laser PSD System in TPS Storage Ring

laser, storage-ring, alignment, electron

1123

M.L. Chen, J.-R. Chen, P.S.D. Chuang, H.C. Ho, K.H. Hsu, D.-G. Huang, C.K. Kuan, W.Y. Lai, C.J. Lin, S.Y. Perng, T.C. Tseng, H.S. Wang
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

24 sets of Laser PSD positioning system are parts of the TPS girder auto¬alignment system. Laser PSD positioning systems are installed in the straight¬ section girders of TPS storage ring. The Laser PSD systems are assembled and calibrated in the Lab beforehand. The Laser and PSDs are assembled on girder and transported to TPS storage ring and Installed. During construction the system deviates from the normal position caused by variant temperature and external influence. For absolute position precision, another laser calibration system should be built to recalibrate the laser PSD system. This paper describes the installation of Laser PSD system in TPS storage ring and the status of the PSD system. A new absolute position calibration method for precision upgrade is also discussed.

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MOPTY084

Design, Testing and Performance Results of a High-resolution, Broad-band, Low-latency Stripline Beam Position Monitor System

electron, collider, laser, FPGA

1136

P. Burrows, D.R. Bett, N. Blaskovic Kraljevic, T. Bromwich, G.B. Christian, M.R. Davis, C. Perry
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
D.R. Bett
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A high-resolution, low-latency beam position monitor (BPM) system has been developed for use in particle accelerators and beamlines that operate with trains of particle bunches with bunch separations as low as several tens of nanoseconds, such as future linear electron-positron colliders and free-electron lasers. The system was tested with electron beams in the extraction line of the Accelerator Test Facility at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) in Japan. The fast analogue front-end signal processor is based on a single-stage RF down-mixer. The processor latency is 15.6 ± 0.1 ns. A position resolution below 300 nm has been demonstrated for beam intensities of around 1 nC, with single-pass beam.

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MOPWI001

First Results From Beam Tests of the CLIC Drive Beam Phase Feedforward Prototype at CTF3

kicker, hardware, optics, dipole

1139

J. Roberts, P. Burrows, G.B. Christian, C. Perry
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
A. Andersson, R. Corsini, P.K. Skowroński
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Ghigo, F. Marcellini
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy

Funding: Work supported by the European Commission under the FP7 Research Infrastructures project Eu-CARD, grant agreement no. 227579.
In the CLIC two beam acceleration scheme 100 MV/m normal conducting cavities are fed with RF power extracted from a secondary high power but low energy drive beam. To ensure the efficiency and luminosity performance of CLIC the phase synchronisation between the high energy main beam and the drive beam must be maintained to within 0.2 degrees of 12 GHz. To reduce the drive beam phase jitter to this level a low-latency drive beam phase feedforward correction with bandwidth above 17.5 MHz is required. A prototype of this system has been installed at the CLIC test facility CTF3 to prove its feasibility, in particular the challenges of high bandwidth, high power and low latency hardware. The final commissioning and first results from operation of the complete phase feedforward system are presented here.

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MOPWI012

Conceptual Design and Analysis of a Storage Ring Beam Position Monitor for the APS Upgrade

vacuum, simulation, alignment, impedance

1170

B.K. Stillwell, R.M. Lill, R.R. Lindberg, M.M. O'Neill, B.G. Rocke, X. Sun
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
A. Blednykh
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, operator of Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
A conceptual design has been developed for a radio frequency (rf) pickup-type beam position monitor (BPM) for use in a multi-bend achromat (MBA) storage ring under consideration by the APS Upgrade project (APS-U). Beam feedback systems are expected to require fourteen rf BPMs per sector with exceptional sensitivity and mechanical stability. Simultaneously, BPM insertion length must be minimized to allow lattice designers the greatest freedom in selecting magnet lengths and locations. Envisioned is a conventional four probe arrangement integrated inside of a pair of rf-shielded bellows for mechanical isolation. Basic aspects of the design are presented along with the results of analyses which establish expected mechanical, electronic, and beam physics-related performance measures.

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MOPWI022

Experimental Study of a Two-Color Storage Ring FEL

FEL, wiggler, storage-ring, electron

1198

J. Yan, H. Hao, S.F. Mikhailov, V. Popov, Y.K. Wu
FEL/Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
S. Huang
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
J.Y. Li
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
N. Vinokurov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
J. Wu
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: This work is supported in part by the US DOE grant no. DE-FG02-97ER41033.
Multi-color Free-electron Lasers (FELs) have been developed on linac based FELs over the past two decades. On the storage ring, the optical klystron (OK) FEL in its early days was demonstrated to produce lasing at two adjacent wavelengths with their spectral separation limited by the bandwidth of single wiggler radiation. Here, we report a systematic experimental study on the two-color operation at the Duke FEL facility, the first experimental demonstration of a tunable two-color harmonic FEL operation of a storage ring based FEL. We demonstrate a simultaneous generation of two FEL wavelengths, one in infrared (IR) and the other in ultraviolet (UV) with a harmonic relationship. The experimental results show a good performance of the two-color FEL operation in terms of two-color wavelength tunability, power tunability and power stability.

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MOPWI023

Development Plan for Physics Application Software for FRIB Driver Linac

linac, software, ion, EPICS

1201

M. Ikegami, G. Shen
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661.
FRIB is a heavy ion linac facility presently under construction at Michigan State University, USA, and its driver linac accelerates CW beams of all stable ions up to uranium to the energy of 200 MeV/u with the beam power of 400 kW. We plan to start beam commissioning of the driver linac from December 2017. An adequate software environment and infrastructure is critical for our commissioning and operation. Recently, a middle layer based architecture, EPICS V4 based services for example, for physics application has been rapidly developed at other facilities like NSLS II. It has been showing its flexibility, and portability. After reviewing those recent developments, we decided to adopt these services as software infrastructure for FRIB driver linac commissioning. It enables us to take advantage of their cutting edge technologies and maturity as a system sustained by the experience accumulated in the commissioning of NSLS-II. In this paper, we present a plan to develop physics application software for FRIB driver linac based on EPICS V4 services and related software. We also present a plan to adjust these EPICS V4 related software to meet the FRIB specific requirements.

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MOPWI027

Open XAL Control Room Experience

controls, software, optics, Windows

1214

C.P. Chu, D.G. Maxwell, Y. Zhang
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
C.K. Allen, T.A. Pelaia II, A.P. Shishlo
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 and DE-AC05-00OR22725, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University.
This paper reports the control room experience, lessons learned, and quick deployment approach for the Open XAL application environment. Open XAL is a java-based framework for building high-level accelerator applications, it is a major revision of the XAL framework which was developed at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). Open XAL is site neutral and may be deployed at multiple accelerator facilities. Currently, Open XAL is installed at SNS and at the Re-Accelerator facility of Michigan State University. At SNS we are in the final process of replacing the old XAL environment with Open XAL; we describe the upgrade process and our accelerator operations experience using Open XAL. At Michigan State, Open XAL has been tested during a cryomodule commissioning and result will be shown.

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MOPWI032

Analysis of Primary Stripper Foils at SNS by an Electron Beam Foil Test Stand

electron, proton, gun, experiment

1230

E.P. Barrowclough, C.S. Feigerle
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
C.F. Luck, M.A. Plum, R.W. Shaw, L.L. Wilson
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
Diamond foils are used at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) as the primary strippers of hydride ions. A nanocrystalline diamond film, typically 17x45 mm with an aerial density of 0.35 mg/cm², is deposited on a corrugated silicon substrate by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition. After growth, 30 mm of the silicon substrate is etched away, leaving a freestanding diamond foil with a silicon handle that can be inserted into SNS for operation. An electron beam test facility was constructed to study stripper foil degradation and impact on foil lifetime. The electron beam capabilities include: current up to 5 mA, focused spot size of 0.30 mm², and rastering in the x- and y-directions. A 30 keV and 1.6 mA/mm² electron beam deposits the same power density on a diamond foil as a 1.4 MW beam on SNS target. Rastering of the electron beam can expose a similar area of the foil as SNS beams. Experiments were conducted using the foil test stand to study: foil flutter and lifetime; effects of corrugation patterns, aerial densities, crystal size (micro vs. nano), and boron doping; temperature distributions and film emissivity; and conversion rate of nanocrystalline diamond into graphite.

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MOPWI033

Advantages to an Online Multi-particle Beam Dynamics Model for High-power Proton Linacs

linac, emittance, proton, beam-losses

1234

L. Rybarcyk, S.A. Baily, X. Pang
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

High-power proton linacs like the 800-MeV LANSCE accelerator typically use a physics-based approach and online single-particle and envelope beam dynamics models to establish nominal set points for operation. However, these models are not good enough to enable immediate transition to high-power operation. Instead, some amount of empirical adjustment is necessary to achieve stable, low beam-loss operation. At Los Alamos, we have been developing a new online model, which employs multiparticle beam dynamics, as a tool for providing more information and insight to the operations staff, especially during this transition to high-power operations. This presentation will discuss some of the advantages and benefits of using this type of tool in the tune-up and operation of a high-power proton linac.

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MOPWI044

Beamline Insertions Manager at Jefferson Lab

software, hardware, EPICS, controls

1253

M.C. Johnson
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The beam viewer system at Jefferson Lab provides operators and beam physicists with qualitative and quantitative information on the transverse electron beam properties. There are over 140 beam viewers installed on the 12 GeV CEBAF accelerator. This paper describes an upgrade consisting of replacing the EPICS based system tasked with managing all viewers with a mixed system utilizing EPICS and high level software. Most devices, particularly the beam viewers, cannot be safely inserted into the beam line during high-current beam operations. Software is partly responsible for protecting the machine from untimely insertions. The multiplicity of beam-blocking and beam-vulnerable devices motivate us to try a data-driven approach. The beamline insertions application components are centrally managed and configured through an object-oriented software framework created for this purpose. A rules-based engine tracks the configuration and status of every device, along with the beam status of the machine segment containing the device. The application uses this information to decide on which device actions are allowed at any given time.

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MOPWI046

eDT and Model-based Configuration of 12 GeV CEBAF

controls, radiation, linac, synchrotron

1259

D.L. Turner
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
This poster will discuss model-driven setup of CEBAF for the 12GeV era, focusing on the elegant Download Tool (eDT). eDT is a new operator tool that generates magnet design setpoints for various machine energies and pass configurations. eDT was developed in the effort towards a process for reducing machine configuration time and reproducibility by way of an accurate accelerator model.

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TUXB1

FRANZ and Small-Scale Accelerator-Driven Neutron Sources

neutron, proton, target, rfq

1276

C. Wiesner, S.M. Alzubaidi, M. Droba, M. Heilmann, O. Hinrichs, B. Klump, O. Meusel, D. Noll, O. Payir, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp, S. Schmidt, P.P. Schneider, M. Schwarz, W. Schweizer, K. Volk, C. Wagner
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
R. Reifarth
IKF, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany

This paper gives an overview of the opportunities and challenges of high-intensity, low-energy light-ion accelerators for neutron production. Applications of this technology range from the study of stellar nucleosynthesis and astrophysical phenomena to medical applications such as Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The paper includes details of the FRANZ facility, under development at Frankfurt University.

Slides TUXB1 [3.514 MB]

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TUXB3

700 kW Main Injector Operations for NOvA at FNAL

booster, proton, electron, experiment

1286

P. Adamson
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Following a successful career as an antiproton storage and cooling ring, the Fermilab Recycler was repurposed as a proton stacker as part of the NOvA project, in order to increase the maximum NuMI beam power from 400 kW to 700 kW. Using the Recycler to prepare beam for acceleration in the Main Injector, we have been able to increase the beam power delivered to NuMI to a sustained weekly average in excess of 400 kW and a best hourly average of 482.8 kW. I discuss the commissioning progress to date, and describe the remaining steps along the way to achieving the 700 kW design goal.

Slides TUXB3 [3.401 MB]

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TUBB3

Recent Progress of J-PARC RCS Beam Commissioning - Toward Realizing the 1-MW Output Beam Power

injection, scattering, acceleration, quadrupole

1346

H. Hotchi
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

Via a series of the injector linac upgrades in 2013 and 2014, the J-PARC RCS got all the design parameters. Thus the RCS is now in the final beam commissioning phase aiming for the 1-MW design output beam power. This paper presents the recent progress of the RCS beam commissioning, mainly focusing on our approaches to beam loss issues that appeared on the process of the beam power ramp-up.

Slides TUBB3 [2.299 MB]

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TUBC1

Recent Progress and Operational Status of the Compact ERL at KEK

laser, quadrupole, experiment, beam-losses

1359

S. Sakanaka, M. Adachi, S. Adachi, T. Akagi, M. Akemoto, D.A. Arakawa, S. Araki, S. Asaoka, M. Egi, K. Enami, K. Endo, S. Fukuda, T. Furuya, K. Haga, K. Hara, K. Harada, T. Honda, Y. Honda, H. Honma, T. Honma, K. Hosoyama, K. Hozumi, A. Ishii, X.J. Jin, E. Kako, Y. Kamiya, H. Katagiri, H. Kawata, Y. Kobayashi, Y. Kojima, Y. Kondou, A. Kosuge, T. Kume, T. Matsumoto, H. Matsumura, H. Matsushita, S. Michizono, T. Miura, T. Miyajima, H. Miyauchi, S. Nagahashi, H. Nakai, H. Nakajima, N. Nakamura, K. Nakanishi, K. Nakao, K.N. Nigorikawa, T. Nogami, S. Noguchi, S. Nozawa, T. Obina, T. Ozaki, F. Qiu, H. Sagehashi, H. Sakai, S. Sasaki, K. Satoh, T. Shidara, M. Shimada, K. Shinoe, T. Shioya, T. Shishido, M. Tadano, T. Tahara, T. Takahashi, R. Takai, H. Takaki, T. Takenaka, O. Tanaka, Y. Tanimoto, N. Terunuma, M. Tobiyama, K. Tsuchiya, T. Uchiyama, A. Ueda, K. Umemori, J. Urakawa, K. Watanabe, M. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, Y. Yano, M. Yoshida
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
E. Cenni
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
R. Hajima, S. Matsuba, M. Mori, R. Nagai, N. Nishimori, M. Sawamura, T. Shizuma
JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
J.G. Hwang
KNU, Deagu, Republic of Korea
M. Kuriki
Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Science, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
Y. Seimiya
HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan

Funding: Work supported by the Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program from the MEXT, and by the MEXT grant for promoting technology for nuclear security.
The Compact Energy Recovery Linac (cERL) is a superconducting test accelerator aimed at establishing technologies for the ERL-based future light source. After its construction during 2009 to 2013, the first CW beams of 20 MeV were successfully transported through the recirculation loop in February 2014*. Then, initial tuning of beams and evaluations of beam properties were carried out. From September to December in 2014, we are constructing a Laser Compton Scattering (LCS) source** which aims at demonstrating technology for the future high-flux quasi-monochromatic gamma-ray source. In the next run of the cERL, which begins at the end of January 2015, we plan such works as an increase in the beam current (from 10 uA to 100 uA), commissioning of the LCS source, and sustained tuning of beams for lower emittance. We will report up-to-date results of these developments.
* N. Nakamura et al., IPAC2014, MOPRO110; S. Sakanaka et al., LINAC14, TUPOL01.
** R. Nagai et al., IPAC2014, WEPRO003.

Slides TUBC1 [2.679 MB]

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TUBC3

Recent Results from FEL seeding at FLASH

FEL, electron, laser, radiation

1366

J. Bödewadt, S. Ackermann, R.W. Aßmann, N. Ekanayake, B. Faatz, G. Feng, I. Hartl, R. Ivanov, T. Laarmann, J.M. Müller, T. Tanikawa
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
S. Ackermann, Ph. Amstutz, A. Azima, M. Drescher, L.L. Lazzarino, C. Lechner, Th. Maltezopoulos, V. Miltchev, T. Plath, J. Roßbach
Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany
K.E. Hacker, S. Khan, R. Molo
DELTA, Dortmund, Germany

The free-electron laser facility FLASH at DESY operates since several years in SASE mode, delivering high-intensity FEL pulses in the extreme ultra violet and soft x-ray wavelength range for users. In order to get more control of the characteristics of the FEL pulses external FEL seeding has proven to be a reliable method to do so. At FLASH, an experimental setup to test several different external seeding methods has been installed since 2010. After successful demonstration of direct seeding at 38 nm, the setup is now being operated in HGHG and later EEHG mode. Furthermore, other studies on laser induced effects on the electron beam dynamics have been performed. In this contribution, we give an overview of recent experimental results on FEL seeding at FLASH.

Slides TUBC3 [6.651 MB]

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TUPWA004

Operator Roles at the Australian Synchrotron

synchrotron, controls, database, storage-ring

1397

D.C. McGilvery
ASCo, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
G. LeBlanc
SLSA, Clayton, Australia

The Accelerator Operators at the Australian Synchrotron undertake a wide variety of critical functions as part of their regular duties. In addition to normal Control Room duties, they play a major Role in Machine Physics, provide after hours support for Users on Beamlines and contribute extensively to the Controls and Database Development across the facility.

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TUPWA011

Progress on the LUNEX5 project

FEL, laser, undulator, electron

1416

M.-E. Couprie, C. Benabderrahmane, P. Berteaud, C. Bourassin-Bouchet, F. Bouvet, J.D. Bozek, F. Briquez, L. Cassinari, L. Chapuis, J. Da Silva, J. Daillant, Y. Dietrich, M. Diop, J.P. Duval, M.E. El Ajjouri, T.K. El Ajjouri, C. Herbeaux, N. Hubert, M. Khojoyan, M. Labat, P. Lebasque, N. Leclercq, A. Lestrade, A. Loulergue, P. Marchand, O. Marcouillé, J.L. Marlats, F. Marteau, C. Miron, P. Morin, A. Nadji, R. Nagaoka, F. Polack, F. Ribeiro, J.P. Ricaud, P. Rommeluère, P. Roy, G. Sharma, K.T. Tavakoli, M. Thomasset, M. Tilmont, S. Tripathi, M. Valléau, J. Vétéran, W. Yang, D. Zerbib
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
S. Bielawski, C. Evain
PhLAM/CERCLA, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
B. Carré, D. Garzella
CEA/DSM/DRECAM/SPAM, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
X. Davoine
CEA/DAM/DIF, Arpajon, France
N. Delerue
LAL, Orsay, France
G. Devanz, C. Madec, A. Mosnier
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
A. Dubois, J. Lüning
CCPMR, Paris, France
G. Lambert, V. Malka, A. Rousse, C. Thaury
LOA, Palaiseau, France
E. Roussel
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
C. Szwaj
PhLAM/CERLA, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France

LUNEX5 (free electron Laser Using a New accelerator for the Exploitation of X-ray radiation of 5th generation) aims at investigating the production of short, intense, coherent Free Electron Laser (FEL) pulses in the 40-4 nm spectral range. It comprises a 400 MeV superconducting Linear Accelerator for high repetition rate operation (10 kHz), multi-FEL lines and adapted for studies of advanced FEL schemes, a 0.4 - 1 GeV Laser Wake Field Accelerator (LWFA) for its qualification by a FEL application, a single undulator line enabling advanced seeding and pilot user applications. Different studies such as on two color FEL and R&D programs have been launched. A test experiment for the demonstration of 180 MeV LWFA based FEL amplification at 200 nm is under preparation in collaboration with the Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, thanks to a proper electron beam manipulation. Specific hardware is also under development such as a cryo-ready 3 m long undulator of 15 mm period.

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TUPWA012

SOLEIL Status Report

undulator, photon, storage-ring, vacuum

1419

A. Nadji, Y.-M. Abiven, F. Bouvet, P. Brunelle, A. Buteau, N. Béchu, L. Cassinari, M.-E. Couprie, X. Delétoille, C. Herbeaux, N. Hubert, N. Jobert, M. Labat, J.-F. Lamarre, P. Lebasque, A. Lestrade, A. Loulergue, P. Marchand, O. Marcouillé, J.L. Marlats, L.S. Nadolski, R. Nagaoka, P. Prigent, K.T. Tavakoli, M.-A. Tordeux, M. Valléau
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

The 2.75 GeV synchrotron light source SOLEIL (France) delivers photons to 27 beamlines and 2 new ones are under construction. The commissioning of the Femtoslicing operation mode involving two beamlines is in progress. The uniform filling pattern is now available to users with a 500 mA stored beam current. The operation of the two canted and long beamlines ANATOMIX and Nanoscopium both using in-vacuum insertion devices (IDs) as a photon source has been raising challenges still under investigation. Upgrades of crucial subsystem equipment like magnet power supplies, storage ring RF input power couplers, and solid state amplifiers are continuing. New user requests for beam stability are under upgrade consideration. Other projects for the storage ring are ongoing such as the design and construction of new insertion devices, new multipole injection kicker, localised small and round photon beam production, as well as R&D on 500 MHz solid-state amplifiers. In parallel first studies for a future upgrade of the machine have been progressing.

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TUPWA033

Status of the Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser FLASH

FEL, optics, laser, photon

1482

M. Vogt, B. Faatz, J. Feldhaus, K. Honkavaara, S. Schreiber, R. Treusch
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The superconducting free-electron laser FLASH at DESY routinely produces up to several thousand photon pulses per second with wavelengths in the soft X-ray and vacuum UV regime and with energies up to 0.5 mJ per pulse. In 2014 the assembly of a second undulator beamline, FLASH2, was finished. While recommissioning of the FLASH linac and the original FLASH1 beamline was finished already at the end of 2013, the commissioning of FLASH2 could only be started in early February 2014. Only a few weeks have been reserved for dedicated set up of FLASH2, and most of its commissioning has been performed parasitically during the FLASH1 user run. The first beam was extracted through the septum to the FLASH2 beamline on March 4th, 2014, and the first lasing of FLASH2 at a wavelength of about 40 nm was achieved on August 20th, while FLASH1 was lasing simultaneously with 250 bunches at 13.5 nm. We summarize here the status of the FLASH2 commissioning and the FLASH1 operation during its 5th user period.

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TUPWA034

Status of the Recommissioning of the Synchrotron Light Source PETRA III

emittance, synchrotron, lattice, optics

1485

R. Wanzenberg, M. Bieler, M. Ebert, L. Fröhlich, J. Keil, J. Klute, G. Kube, G.K. Sahoo
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

At DESY the Synchrotron Light Source PETRA III has been extended in the North and East section of the storage ring to accommodate ten additional beam lines. The PETRA ring was converted into a dedicated synchrotron light source from 2007 to 2009. Regular user operation started in summer 2010 with a very low emittance of 1 nm at a beam energy of 6 GeV and a total beam current of 100 mA. All photon beamlines were installed in one octant of the storage ring. Nine straight sections facilitated the installation of insertion devices for 14 beam lines. Due to the high demand for additional beamlines the lattice of the ring was redesigned to accommodate 10 additional beamlines in the future. In a one year long shut-down two new experimental halls were built. The recommissioning of PETRA III started in February 2015. We are reporting the current status of synchrotron light source including the performance of the subsystems.

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TUPWA046

Facility Upgrade at PITZ and First Operation Results

gun, laser, plasma, electron

1518

A. Oppelt, P. Boonpornprasert, A. Donat, J.D. Good, M. Groß, H. Huck, I.I. Isaev, L. Jachmann, D.K. Kalantaryan, M. Khojoyan, W. Köhler, G. Koss, G. Kourkafas, M. Krasilnikov, O. Lishilin, D. Malyutin, J. Meissner, D. Melkumyan, M. Otevřel, M. Penno, B. Petrosyan, S. Philipp, M. Pohl, Y. Renier, T. Rublack, B. Schöneich, J. Schultze, F. Stephan, F. Tonisch, G. Trowitzsch, G. Vashchenko, R.W. Wenndorff
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
G. Asova
INRNE, Sofia, Bulgaria
M. A. Bakr
Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
C. Hernandez-Garcia
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
G. Pathak
Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany
D. Richter
HZB, Berlin, Germany

The Photo Injector Test facility at DESY, Zeuthen site (PITZ), develops, optimizes and characterizes high brightness electron sources for free electron lasers like FLASH and the European XFEL. In the last year, the facility was significantly upgraded by the installation of a new normal conducting radio- frequency (RF) gun cavity with its new waveguide system for the RF feed, which should allow stable and reliable gun operation, as required for the European XFEL. Other relevant additions include beamline modifications for improving the electron beam transport through the PITZ accelerator, extending the beam-based measurement capabilities, and preparing the installation of a plasma cell. Furthermore, the laser hutch was re-arranged in order to be able to house an additional, new photo cathode drive laser system which should be able to produce 3D ellipsoidal laser pulses to further improve the electron beam quality. This paper describes in detail the aforementioned facility upgrades and reports on the first operation experience with the new gun setup.

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TUPWA051

Elettra Status and Future Prospects

emittance, wiggler, insertion, insertion-device

1529

E. Karantzoulis, A. Carniel, S. Krecic
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy

The operational status of the Italian 2.4/2.0 GeV third generation light source Elettra is presented together with possible future upgrades and a vision to its future.

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TUPWA054

The FERMI Seeded FEL Facility: Operational Experience and Future Perspectives

FEL, laser, experiment, electron

1538

M. Svandrlik, E. Allaria, L. Badano, F. Bencivenga, C. Callegari, F. Capotondi, D. Castronovo, P. Cinquegrana, M. Coreno, R. Cucini, I. Cudin, G. D'Auria, M.B. Danailov, R. De Monte, G. De Ninno, P. Delgiusto, A.A. Demidovich, S. Di Mitri, B. Diviacco, A. Fabris, R. Fabris, W.M. Fawley, M. Ferianis, E. Ferrari, P. Finetti, P. Furlan Radivo, G. Gaio, D. Gauthier, F. Gelmetti, L. Giannessi, F. Iazzourene, M. Kiskinova, S. Krecic, M. Lonza, N. Mahne, C. Masciovecchio, M. Milloch, F. Parmigiani, G. Penco, L. Pivetta, O. Plekan, M. Predonzani, E. Principi, L. Raimondi, P. Rebernik Ribič, F. Rossi, E. Roussel, L. Rumiz, C. Scafuri, C. Serpico, P. Sigalotti, C. Svetina, M. Trovò, A. Vascotto, M. Veronese, R. Visintini, D. Zangrando, M. Zangrando
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy

FERMI is the seeded FEL user facility in Trieste, Italy, producing photons from the VUV to the soft X-rays with a high degree of coherence and spectral stability. Both FEL lines, FEL-1 and FEL-2, are now available for users, down to the shortest wavelength of 4 nm. We will report on the completion of the commissioning of the high energy FEL line, FEL-2, and on the operational experience for users, in particular those requiring specific FEL configurations, like two-colour experiments. We will also give a perspective on the improvements and upgrades which have been triggered by our experience and are aiming to maintain as well as to constantly improve the performance of the facility for our user community.

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TUPWA056

New Gun Implementation and Performance of the DAΦNE LINAC

gun, linac, cathode, electron

1546

B. Buonomo, L.G. Foggetta, G. Piermarini
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy

A new electron gun system has been developed for DAΦNE LINAC, and put into operation since January 2014. Several elements of the system were upgraded, including a new grid pulser, an improved bias voltage system and a renewed cathode socket. The new LINAC gun has now a wider range of parameters, i.e. the emission pulse length spans from 1.4ns up to 40ns, while the better control of the grid and bias voltage allows a maximum peak current of 5A with a pulse repetition rate of 50 Hz. This paper describes the details of the pulser, the power supply, the socket, all the service components of the upgraded gun and its integration in the main LINAC control system. A report on the performance of the LINAC with the new gun will follow.

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TUPWA057

DAΦNE LINAC: Beam Diagnostics and Outline of the Last Improvements

linac, klystron, electron, positron

1549

B. Buonomo, L.G. Foggetta
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy

The LINAC of the DAΦNE complex is in operation since 1996, both as injector of the e⁺ e⁻ phi-factory, and, since 2003, for the extraction of electron beam to the Beam Test Facility. In the last years, many improvements has been developed in different sub-systems of the LINAC, aiming at a wider, tunable range of beam parameters, in particular the pulse time width and the pulse charge. A long term measurement campaign has been recently started to characterize the LINAC performance after that many sub-systems has been overhauled and improved, starting from RF power (i.e. klystron substitution, modulator re-newing, RF driver layout, SLED tuning) as well as the timing system, magnets, cooling, vacuum, control system and energy/position diagnostics. This work reports the latest results on the optimization of the fully consolidated system.

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TUPWA067

Status of Higher Bunch Charge Operation in Compact ERL

optics, space-charge, recirculation, emittance

1583

T. Miyajima, K. Harada, Y. Honda, T. Miura, N. Nakamura, T. Obina, F. Qiu, H. Sakai, S. Sakanaka, M. Shimada, R. Takai, K. Umemori, M. Yamamoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
R. Hajima, R. Nagai, N. Nishimori
JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
D. Lee
KNU, Deagu, Republic of Korea

In the KEK compact ERL (cERL), machine studies toward higher bunch charge operation is one of the most important issues. From January 2015 to April 2015, we carried out a higher bunch charge operation with an bunch charge of 0.5 pC for the experiment of laser compton scattering. After the study of space charge effect and optics tuning, we succeeded in the recirculation operation with the emittance, which was close to the design value. Moreover, a test operation in the injector section with the bunch charge of 7.7 pC was carried out as a preparation toward the recirculation operation with the average current of 10 mA.

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TUPWA071

Improvements of the Laser System for RF-Gun at SuperKEKB Injector

laser, electron, gun, cryogenics

1598

R. Zhang, T. Natsui, Y. Ogawa, M. Yoshida, X. Zhou
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

For realizing higher charge and low emittance electron and positron beams in SuperKEKB, we have been making improvements in laser system for RF-gun. The difficulty in controlling thermomechanical distortions has been one of the most important factors for preserving high laser conversion efficiency of infrared-to-ultraviolet and operating at higher repetition rate. We demonstrated that efficient removal of waste heat can be realized by adopting Yb:YAG and copper bonding composite via Au-Sn solder. On the other hand, we proposed the novel design of the cascade laser configuration. Base on this, we can improve the quantum efficiency by utilizing other Yb ions doped crystals as active medium which are pumped by 1035 nm Yb:YAG laser. Excellent thermal management and high charge beams have been achieved by improvements of these two aspects. Additionally, in order to employ high duty ratio pump system and realize laser operation at high repetition rate, we investigated the laser operation in cryogenic environment. A perspective towards the next step experiment is also presented in this paper.

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TUPJE006

Recent Developments of UVSOR-III

undulator, injection, laser, synchrotron

1619

M. Katoh, K. Hayashi, J. Yamazaki
UVSOR, Okazaki, Japan
M. Adachi, T. Konomi, N. Yamamoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Hosaka, Y. Takashima
Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

A 750 MeV low energy synchrotron light source, UVSOR, has been operational since 1983. About ten years after the first major upgrade in 2003, the second major upgrade was carried out in 2012, in which all the bending magnets were replaced with combined function ones and a new in-vacuum undulator was installed in the last straight section reserved for undulators. After this upgrade, the light source, UVSOR-III, has been operational with small emittance of 17 nm-rad, with six undulators, and fully with the top-up injection at 300mA. Adding to the present status of the accelerator, most recent progresses in the pulsed sextupole magnet for the beam injection and in the coherent light source development station will be presented.

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TUPJE022

Study on Beam Dynamics of a Knot-APPLE Undulator Proposed for SSRF

polarization, undulator, sextupole, quadrupole

1669

Q.L. Zhang, B.C. Jiang, S.Q. Tian, Z.T. Zhao, Q.G. Zhou
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

A new type of undulator, Knot-APPLE undulator, is proposed for SSRF as a solution to reduce the heat load of on-axis high harmonics without losing its capability of tuning synchrotron polarization. It will be applied for SSRF Photoemission Spectroscopy beamline (PES-beamline) in the near future. Impact of the undulator on the beam dynamics has been studied based on the 3D magnetic field model and kick map analysis. Linear optics can be retained by quadrupole compensation within two adjacent cells. Dynamical aperture (DA) shrinkage has been found in the tracking and optimized with sextupoles. An active correction scheme of current strips is studied to compensate the kick maps, and both the linear and nonlinear effects are suppressed.

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TUPJE034

A Preliminary Report from Louisiana State University CAMD Storage Ring Operating with an 11-pole 7.5 T Wiggler

wiggler, storage-ring, electron, injection

1682

R.S. Amin, P. Jines, D.J. Launey, K.J. Morris, V.P. Suller, Y. Wang
LSU/CAMD, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
V.K. Lev, N.A. Mezentsev, V.A. Shkaruba, V.M. Syrovatin, O.A. Tarasenko, V.M. Tsukanov, A.A. Volkov, A.V. Zorin
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: Funded by the National Science Foundation.
Louisiana State University installed a 7.5 T superconducting wiggler in May 2013 on the electron storage ring located at the Bennett Johnson, Sr. Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD). The wiggler’s influence on betatron tunes and functions, orbit, lifetime, performance, and other relevant beam parameters are described. We further comment on device operations and modifications to ring operations that were necessary to provide light for both wiggler and dipole stations.

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TUPJE036

A New Bench Concept for Measuring Magnetic Fields of Big Closed Structures

controls, vacuum, synchrotron, alignment

1690

J. Campmany, F. Becheri, C. Colldelram, J. Marcos, V. Massana, J. Nicolás, L. Ribó
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

The measurement of big closed magnetic structures is becoming a challenge of great interest. The main reason is the tendency towards building accelerators with high magnetic fields produced by small gap magnets, as well as the development of cryogenic or superconducting narrow-gap insertion devices. Usual approach, based on side-measurements made with a Hall probe mounted on the tip of a motorized arm based on a long granite bench is no more applicable to such closed structures. So, new concepts and approaches have been developed, mainly based on complex devices that insert a Hall probe inside the magnetic structure maintaining the desired position by close-loop controls. The main problem of these devices is that they are not general-purpose oriented: they need a special vacuum chamber, require a specific geometry of the magnetic structure, or does not provide 3D field-map measurements. We present in this paper a new bench that has been built at ALBA synchrotron that is simple, multi-purpose and can be a general solution for measuring big closed structures.

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TUPJE039

Recent Results on the Performance of Cs3Sb Photocathodes in the PHIN RF-Gun

cathode, gun, laser, vacuum

1699

C. Heßler, E. Chevallay, S. Döbert, V. Fedosseev, I. Martini, M. Martyanov
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

For the CLIC drive beam a photoinjector option is under study at CERN as an alternative to the thermionic electron gun in the CLIC baseline design. The CLIC drive beam requires a high bunch charge of 8.4 nC and 0.14 ms long trains with 2 ns bunch spacing, which is challenging for a photoinjector. In particular the required long and high intensity laser pulses cause a degradation of the beam quality during the frequency conversion process, which generates the ultra-violet laser beam needed for standard Cs2Te photocathodes. To overcome this issue Cs3Sb cathodes sensitive to green light have been studied at the high-charge PHIN photoinjector since a few years. In this paper recent measurements of fundamental properties of Cs3Sb photocathodes such as quantum efficiency, cathode lifetime and dark current from summer 2014 will be presented, and compared with previous measurements and with the performance of Cs2Te photocathodes.

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TUPJE040

Surface Characterization at CERN of Photocathodes for Photoinjector Applications

cathode, laser, gun, electron

1703

I. Martini, E. Chevallay, V. Fedosseev, C. Heßler, H. Neupert, V. Nistor, M. Taborelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

R&D on photocathodes takes place at CERN within the CLIC (Compact Linear Collider) project. Photocathodes are produced as thin films on Oxygen Free copper substrate using a co-deposition technique, and characterized in a dedicated laboratory with a DC photo-electron gun. A new UHV carrier vessel compatible with CERN’s XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) analysis equipment has been commissioned and is used to transport photocathodes from the production laboratory to perform a systematic study of different compounds used as photoemissive materials. In this paper photocathodes used in a RF photoinjector will be characterized and the correlation of their surface properties with their performance will be investigated.

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TUPJE042

Transverse Tunes Determination from Mixed BPM Data

betatron, storage-ring, injection, coupling

1709

P. Zisopoulos, F. Antoniou, Y. Papaphilippou
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Hertle, A.-S. Müller
KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

Decoherence due to non-zero chromaticity and/or amplitude dependent tune-shift, but also damping mechanisms can affect the accurate tune determination by leaving a limited number of turns for frequency analysis of the turn by turn (TbT) position data. In order to by-pass these problems, Fourier analysis of mixed TBT data from all BPMs can be employed. The approach is applied in two different accelerators, a hadron collider as the LHC and a synchrotron light source as the ANKA storage ring. The impact in the accuracy of the method of missing BPM data is also discussed.

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TUPJE047

Design Studies for an Upgrade of the SLS Storage Ring

emittance, lattice, storage-ring, radiation

1724

A. Streun, M. Aiba, M. Böge, M.P. Ehrlichman, A. Saá Hernández
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

An upgrade of the Swiss Light Source (SLS) would replace the existing storage ring by a low aperture multibend achromat lattice providing an emittance of about 100–200 pm at 2.4 GeV, while maintaining the hall, the beam lines and the injector. Since emittance scales inversely cubically with the number of lattice cells, an SLS upgrade is challenged by the comparatively small ring circumference of only 288 m. A new concept for a compact low emittance lattice is based on longitudinal gradient bending magnets for emittance minimization and on anti-bends (i.e bends of opposite field polarity) to disentangle dispersion and horizontal beta function in order to provide the optimum matching to the longitudinal gradient bends while minimizing the contribution to chromaticity.

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TUPJE068

Development and Performance of 1.1-m Long Superconducting Undulator at the Advanced Photon Source

undulator, photon, dipole, storage-ring

1794

Y. Ivanyushenkov, C.L. Doose, J.F. Fuerst, E. Gluskin, K.C. Harkay, Q.B. Hasse, M. Kasa, Y. Shiroyanagi, D. Skiadopoulos, E. Trakhtenberg
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Development of superconducting undulators continues at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The second superconducting undulator, SCU1, has been built and installed in the storage ring of the APS. This undulator has a 1.1-m long superconducting magnet and utilizes an improved version of the cryostat of the first superconducting undulator, SCU0. The results of the cold test of the SCU1, and its performance in the APS storage ring are presented in this paper.

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TUPJE070

Preliminary Experimental Investigation of Quasi Achromat Scheme at Advanced Photon Source

lattice, resonance, emittance, optics

1800

Y. Sun, H. Shang
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Next generation storage rings require weaker dipole magnets and stronger quadrupole focusing to achieve very low emittance. To suppress the geometric and chromatic optics aberrations introduced by the strong sextupoles, achromat and quasi achromat schemes are applied in the lattice design to improve the beam dynamics performance. In this paper, some preliminary experimental investigation of the quasi achromat scheme at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) are presented. Three different operation lattices are compared on their beam dynamics performance. Although none of these operation lattices achieve ideal quasi achromat condition, they have certain relevant features. It is observed that fewer resonances are present in the nominal operation lattice which is most close to quasi achromat required conditions.

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TUPJE072

Advanced Photon Source Injection Related Simulation and Measurement

injection, simulation, lattice, septum

1806

Y. Sun
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Injection efficiency is one of the key factors in ensuring successful operation of storage ring light sources. In this paper, injection simulation and measurement studies at the Advanced Photon Source will be presented. The tracking simulations and measurements are compared in terms of the dynamic aperture and injection efficiency. Injection efficiency is also measured on the betatron tunes space and on different stored beam orbits.
yisun@aps.anl.gov

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TUPJE076

Design Study of the Higher Harmonic Cavity for Advanced Photon Source Upgrade

cavity, impedance, simulation, superconducting-cavity

1819

S.H. Kim, T.G. Berenc, J. Carwardine, G. Decker, M.P. Kelly, P.N. Ostroumov
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: Results in this report are derived from work performed at Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.
A higher-harmonic cavity is planned for the proposed Advanced Photon Source (APS) multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice to increase the bunch length, improve the Touschek lifetime and increase the single-bunch current limit. We have investigated a range of options including 3rd, 4th, and 5th harmonics of the main radio frequency (RF) system, as well as configurations with and without external RF power couplers. The current baseline is a single 4th harmonic superconducting cavity with adjustable RF couplers and a slow tuner which provide the flexibility to operate over a wide range of beam currents. The cavity is designed to provide 0.84 MV at 1408 MHz for the nominal 6 GeV, 200 mA electron beam, and 4.1 MV main RF voltage. In this paper, we discuss the harmonic cavity parameters based on analytical calculations of the equilibrium bunch distribution and make comparisons to other options.

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TUPJE084

Development of Nonlinear Injection Kicker Magnet for ALS Accelerator

injection, kicker, storage-ring, power-supply

1837

G.C. Pappas, D.J. Baum, J.-Y. Jung, D. Robin, C. Steier, C. Sun, C.A. Swenson
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The ALS in now engaged in the construction of a new hard x-ray beam line and insertion device for protein crystallography. The scope of work entails the reconfiguration of ALS Sectors 1-3 to make room for the new insertion device. The project will require the melioration of the ALS injection system as well as the development of a longitudinal RF kicker. A key aspect of the injector work is the development and integration of a nonlinear injection kicker (NLK) magnet system to facilitate top off injection without noticeable motion of the beam. The technology will, in principal, ultimately allow the removal of the conventional bump injection magnets presently located in ALS Sector 1. The nonlinear injection concept has been explored at several other light sources *. We examine the beam dynamics and magnet design requirements to adapt this technology to the ALS lattice with its 1.9 GeV beam. The work will review the injection beam matching, tracking simulations, the electromagnetic design and tolerance analysis, power supply design. The paper will also review the project plan for the integration of this technology into the ALS.
* T. Atkinson et al., "Development of a Non-Linear Kicker System to Facilitate a New Scheme for the BESSY-II Storage Ring", Proc. of IPAC 2011, THPH024.

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TUPMA012

Developing an Improved Pulsed Mode Operation for Duke Storage Ring Based FEL

FEL, wiggler, storage-ring, damping

1860

S.F. Mikhailov, H. Hao, V. Popov, Y.K. Wu
FEL/Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA

Funding: This work is supported in part by the US DoE grant # DE-FG02-97ER41033
The Duke FEL and High Intensity Gamma-ray Source (HIGS) facility is operated with an e-beam from 0.24 to 1.2 GeV and a photon beam from 190 to 1060 nm. Currently, the energy range of the gamma-ray beam is from 1 MeV to about 100 MeV, with the maximum total gamma-ray flux about 3·10¹⁰ gammas per second around 10 MeV. The FEL is typically operated in quasi-CW mode. Some HIGS user experiments can benefit tremendously from a pulsed mode of FEL operation. For that purpose, a fast steering magnet was developed years ago to modulate the FEL gain. This FEL gain modulator decouples the e-beam from the FEL beam in the interaction region for most of time, but periodically allows a brief overlap of the electron and FEL beams. This allows us to build up a high peak power FEL pulse from a well-damped electron beam. However, the use of this gain modulator at low e-beam energies can dramatically limit e-beam current due to beam instability and poor injection. To overcome these shortcomings, we have successfully tested an RF frequency modulation technique to pulse the FEL beam. In this paper, we will describe this development, and report our preliminary results of this improved pulsed FEL operation.

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TUPMA014

Extending OK5 Wiggler Operational Limit at Duke FEL/HIGS Facility

wiggler, FEL, electron, controls

1863

P.W. Wallace, M. Emamian, H. Hao, J.Y. Li, S.F. Mikhailov, V. Popov, Y.K. Wu
FEL/Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
J.Y. Li
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China

Funding: This work is supported in part by the US DOE grant no. DE-FG02-97ER41033
Since 2007 the HIGS facility has been operated to produce both linearly and circularly polarized gamma-ray beams using two FELs, the planar OK-4 FEL and helical OK-5 FEL. Presently, with the OK-5 FEL operating at 192 nm, we can produce circularly-polarized gamma-ray beams between 1 and 100 MeV for user applications. Gamma-ray production between 80 and 100 MeV required an extension of the OK-5 wiggler operation beyond the designed current limit of 3.0 kA. In 2009, we upgraded cooling and machine protection systems to successfully extend OK-5 operation to 3.5 kA. To realize HIGS gamma-ray operation beyond 100 MeV and ultimately toward 150 MeV (the pion-threshold energy), with various limitations of the VUV mirror technology, the OK-5 wigglers will need to be operated at an even higher current, between 3.6 and 4.0 kA. In this paper we present our technical solution to further extend the operation range of the OK-5 wigglers, and report our preliminary results with high-current wiggler operation.

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TUPMA016

Light Source and Accelerator Physics Research Program at Duke University

FEL, wiggler, storage-ring, electron

1866

Y.K. Wu
FEL/Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA

Funding: This work is supported in part by the US DOE grant no. DE-FG02-97ER41033.
The light source and accelerator physics research program at Duke Free-Electron Laser Laboratory (DFELL), TUNL, is focused on the development of the storage ring based free-electron lasers (FELs), and a state-of-the-art Compton gamma-ray source, the High Intensity Gamma-ray Source (HIGS) which is driven by the storage ring FEL. With a maximum total flux about 3·10¹⁰ gamma/s and a spectral flux of more than 1,000 gamma/s/eV around 10 MeV, the HIGS is the world's most intense Compton gamma-ray source. Operated in the energy range from 1 to 100 MeV, the HIGS is a premier Compton gamma-ray facility in the world for a variety of nuclear physics research programs, both fundamental and applied. In this paper, we will describe our ongoing light source development to produce gamma-ray beams in the higher energy range of 100 and 158 MeV. We will also provide a summary of our recent accelerator physics and FEL physics research activities.

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TUPMA037

Commissioning of the 123 MeV Injector for 12 GeV CEBAF

cryomodule, optics, dipole, injection

1920

Y.W. Wang, A.S. Hofler, R. Kazimi
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

The injector energy needed to be raised from 67.5 MeV to 123 MeV to meet the energy requirement of the CEBAF 12 GeV upgrade. The ratio of the injector energy to the linac energy must remain 0.11284 at all times. Consequently, the injector was partially upgraded. The early injector, transport and acceleration from 130 keV to 6 MeV, is unchanged, but the downstream boost from 6 MeV to the final 123 MeV energy drove several changes. One of the two original CEBAF 25 MeV type cryomodules in the injector was upgraded to a 100 MeV capable one to provide more energy. Some trim magnets at the end of the injector were upgraded to compensate for the higher energy. The chicane region was expanded, and the full energy injector spectrometer was relocated to make room for the newly added Hall D line. Experience from the 6 GeV era indicated that the stray fields from the higher energy beam transport recombiners near the injection chicane adversely affect the injector orbit, so a study to understand and mitigate stray fields from the transport arc box supplies upgraded for 12 GeV led to shielding modifications for the beamline in the chicane region.

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TUPMA050

NSLS-II Injector Commissioning and Initial Operation

booster, storage-ring, linac, injection

1944

E.B. Blum, B. Bacha, G. Bassi, J. Bengtsson, A. Blednykh, S. Buda, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, J. Cupolo, R. D'Alsace, M.A. Davidsaver, J.H. De Long, L. Doom, D.J. Durfee, R.P. Fliller, M. Fulkerson, G. Ganetis, F. Gao, C. Gardner, W. Guo, R. Heese, Y. Hidaka, Y. Hu, M.P. Johanson, B.N. Kosciuk, S. Kowalski, S.L. Kramer, S. Krinsky, Y. Li, W. Louie, M.A. Maggipinto, P. Marino, J. Mead, J. Oliva, D. Padrazo, K. Pedersen, B. Podobedov, R.S. Rainer, J. Rose, M. Santana, S. Seletskiy, T.V. Shaftan, O. Singh, P. Singh, V.V. Smaluk, R.M. Smith, T. Summers, J. Tagger, Y. Tian, W.H. Wahl, G.M. Wang, G.J. Weiner, F.J. Willeke, L. Yang, X. Yang, E. Zeitler, E. Zitvogel, P. Zuhoski
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
A. Akimov, P.B. Cheblakov, I.N. Churkin, A.A. Derbenev, S.M. Gurov, S.E. Karnaev, V.A. Kiselev, A.A. Korepanov, E.B. Levichev, S.V. Sinyatkin, A.N. Zhuravlev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

The injector for the National Synchrotron Light Source II storage ring consists of a 3 GeV booster synchrotron and a 200 MeV S-band linac. The linac was designed to produce either a single bunch with a charge of 0.5 nC of electrons or a train of bunches up to 300 ns long containing a total charge of 15 nC. The booster was designed to accelerate up to 15 nC each cycle. Linac commissioning was completed in April 2012. Booster commissioning was started in November 2013 and completed in March 2014. All of the significant design goals were satisfied including beam emittance, energy spread, and transport efficiency. While the maximum booster charge accelerated was only 10 nC this has proven to be more than sufficient for storage ring commissioning. The injector has operated reliably during storage ring operation since then. Results will be presented showing measurements of injector operating parameters achieved during commissioning and initial operation. Operating experience and reliability during the first year of NSLS-II operation will be discussed.

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TUPMA052

NSLS-II Radio Frequency Systems

cavity, storage-ring, feedback, booster

1947

J. Rose, F. Gao, B. Holub, J.G. Kulpin, C. Marques
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
A. Goel
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
M. Yeddulla
Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by DOE contract DE-SC0012704
The National Synchrotron Light Source II is a 3 GeV X-ray user facility commissioned in 2014. The NSLS-II RF system consists of the master oscillator, digital low level RF controllers, linac, booster and storage ring RF sub-systems, as well as a supporting cryogenic system. Here we will report on RF commissioning and early operation experience of the system.

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TUPHA005

Tools for NSLS II Commissioning

controls, status, interface, injection

1971

G.M. Wang, G. Bassi, A. Blednykh, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, L.R. Dalesio, M.A. Davidsaver, J.H. De Long, K. Ha, Y. Hidaka, Y. Hu, Y. Li, D. Padrazo, S. Seletskiy, T.V. Shaftan, G. Shen, K. Shroff, O. Singh, T. Summers, Y. Tian, F.J. Willeke, H. Xu, L. Yang, X. Yang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) is a state of the art 3 GeV third generation light source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. As many facilities worldwide, NSLS II uses the EPICS control system to monitor and control all accelerator hardware. Control system studio (CSS) is used for simple tasks such as monitoring, display, setting of PVs. browsing the historical data, et. al. For more complex accelerator physics applications, a collection of scripts are mainly written in Python and part from Matlab during commissioning. With the close collaboration and fully support from control group, more and more CSS features were developed for operation convenience and several high level applications are interfaced with users in CSS panels for daily use based on softiocs. This paper will present the tools that we have been using for commissioning.

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TUPHA007

NSLS II Booster Extended Integration Test

booster, hardware, controls, diagnostics

1977

G.M. Wang, B. Bacha, A. Blednykh, E.B. Blum, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, L.R. Dalesio, M.A. Davidsaver, J.H. De Long, R.P. Fliller, G. Ganetis, W. Guo, K. Ha, Y. Hu, W. Louie, T.V. Shaftan, G. Shen, O. Singh, Y. Tian, F.J. Willeke, L. Yang, X. Yang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
P.B. Cheblakov, A.A. Derbenev, A.I. Erokhin, S.E. Karnaev, S.V. Sinyatkin
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
V.V. Smaluk
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) is a state of the art 3 GeV third generation light source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. While the installation activities in the booster-synchrotron are nearly completed and waiting for the authorization to start the booster commissioning, the injector and accelerator physics group have engaged into the Integrated Testing phase. We did the booster commissioning with simulated beam signals, called extended integrated testing (EIT) to prepare for the booster ring commissioning. It is to make sure the device function along with utilities, timing system and control system, to calibrate diagnostics system, debug High Level Applications, test and optimize all the operation screens to reduce the potential problems during booster commissioning with beam.

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TUPHA008

NSLS-II Injector High Level Application Tools

controls, booster, linac, emittance

1980

G.M. Wang, E.B. Blum, R.P. Fliller, Y. Hu, T.V. Shaftan, X. Yang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) is a state of the art 3 GeV third generation light source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The injection system consists of a 200 MeV linac, a 3 GeV booster synchrotron and transfer lines in connection of linac, booster and storage ring. The transfer lines, designed and built from BNL, are equipped with sufficient diagnostics to commission to characterize the beam parameters from linac and booster. In the paper, we summarized the high level applications tools, beam emittance, energy and energy spread measurement, developed during the injector commissioning.

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TUPHA010

Design of the NSLS-II Top Off Safety System

dipole, storage-ring, interlocks, injection

1986

R.P. Fliller, L. Doom, G. Ganetis, C. Hetzel, P.K. Job, Y. Li, T.V. Shaftan, S.K. Sharma, O. Singh, G.M. Wang, Z. Xia
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The NSLS-II accelerators finished commissioning in the fall of 2014, with beamline commissioning underway. Part of the design for the NSLS-II is to operate in top off mode. The Top Off Safety System (TOSS) is presently under design. In this report we discuss the Top Off Safety System design and implementation, along with the necessary tracking results and radiological calculations.

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TUPTY003

Study of the Dynamic Response of CLIC Accelerating Structures

alignment, target, monitoring, positron

2000

E. Daskalaki
NTUA, Athens, Greece
S. Döbert, M. Duquenne, H. Mainaud Durand, A.L. Vamvakas
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
V. Rude
ESGT-CNAM, Le Mans, France

CLIC is a linear electron-positron collider, 48 km long, consisting of more than 20000 repetitive modules. The target beam size of 1 nm dictates very tight alignment tolerances for the accelerating structures (AS). In order to assess the effect of short-term RF power interruptions (breakdowns or failure modes) on the alignment, the dynamic behaviour of the AS was investigated on the prototype two-beam module. On a dedicated experimental setup, the thermal and mechanical time constant (TC) was monitored as a function of ambient temperature, water flow and power. The experimental results showed that the thermal TC ranged between 4 and 11 minutes and presented strong correlation with the cooling water flow. These results were in very good agreement with the theoretical expectations. The displacement dynamics were found to be comparable with the thermal ones. The study indicates that temperature measurement, which is a fast and easy process, can be used as an indicator of the AS displacement. Moreover, it is shown than the transient response can be efficiently controlled through appropriate regulation of the cooling water flow.

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TUPTY008

Commissioning Status and Plan of SuperKEKB Injector Linac

emittance, linac, electron, positron

2013

M. Satoh, M. Akemoto, D.A. Arakawa, Y. Arakida, A. Enomoto, Y. Enomoto, S. Fukuda, Y. Funakoshi, K. Furukawa, T. Higo, H. Honma, N. Iida, M. Ikeda, H. Iwase, H. Kaji, K. Kakihara, T. Kamitani, H. Katagiri, S. Kazama, M. Kikuchi, H. Koiso, M. Kurashina, S. Matsumoto, T. Matsumoto, H. Matsushita, S. Michizono, K. Mikawa, T. Mimashi, T. Miura, F. Miyahara, T. Mori, A. Morita, H. Nakajima, K. Nakao, T. Natsui, Y. Ogawa, Y. Ohnishi, S. Ohsawa, Y. Seimiya, T. Shidara, A. Shirakawa, M. Suetake, H. Sugimoto, T. Suwada, T. Takenaka, M. Tanaka, M. Tawada, Y. Yano, K. Yokoyama, M. Yoshida, R. Zhang, X. Zhou
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
D. Satoh
TIT, Tokyo, Japan

Toward SuperKEKB project, the injector linac upgrade is ongoing at KEK in order to deliver the low emittance electron/positron beams with the high intensity and small emittance. In the September of 2013, the injector linac commissioning has started. In this presentation, we will describe the commissioning status and plan of SuperKEKB injector linac.

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TUPTY023

Lessons Learned From the First Long Shutdown of the Lhc and Its Injector Chain

radiation, superconducting-magnet, collider, hardware

2050

K. Foraz, M.B.M. Barberan Marin, M. Bernardini, J. Coupard, N. Gilbert, D. Hay, S. Mataguez, D.J. Mcfarlane, E. Vergara Fernandez
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The First Long Shutdown (LS1) of the LHC and its Injector chain, which started in February 2013, was completed by the first quarter 2015. A huge number of activities have been performed; this paper reviews the process of the coordination of LS1 from the preparatory phase to the testing phase. The preparatory phase is a very important process: an accurate view of what is to be done, and what can be done is essential. But reality is always different, the differences between what was planned and what was done will be described. The paper will recall the coordination, reporting and decisional processes, highlighting points of success and points to be improved in terms of general coordination, in-situ coordination, safety coordination, logistics and resource management.

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TUPTY039

LHC Transfer Lines and Injection Tests for Run 2

injection, extraction, kicker, septum

2098

C. Bracco, J.L. Abelleira, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.J. Barnes, W. Bartmann, E. Carlier, L.N. Drøsdal, M.A. Fraser, K. Fuchsberger, B. Goddard, J. Jentzsch, V. Kain, N. Magnin, M. Meddahi, J.S. Schmidt, L.S. Stoel, J.A. Uythoven, F.M. Velotti, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The transfer lines for both rings of the LHC were successfully re-commissioned with beam in preparation for the start-up of Run 2. This paper presents an overview of the transfer line and sector tests performed to bring the LHC back into operation after a two-year period of shutdown for consolidation and upgrade. The tests enabled the debugging of critical software and hardware systems and validated changes made to the transfer and injection systems. The beam-based measurements carried out to validate the optics and machine configuration are summarised along with the performance of the hardware systems.

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TUPTY043

Analysis of Intensity-dependent Effects on LHC Transverse Tunes at Injection Energy

injection, damping, database, quadrupole

2108

R. De Maria, M. Giovannozzi, T. Persson, R. Tomás
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Y. Wei
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The LHC Run I has provided a huge amount of data that can be used to deepen the understanding of the beam behaviour. In this paper the focus is on the analysis of transverse tunes at injection energy to detect signs of intensity-dependent effects. BPM data, recording the injection oscillations of the operational beams during the ring-filling phase, have been analysed in detail to enable extracting useful information about the tune shift vs. injected beam intensity. The data processing and the results are discussed in detail, including also possible implications for future operation.

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TUPTY053

Roadmap towards High Accelerator Availability for the CERN HL-LHC Era

luminosity, radiation, beam-losses, target

2143

A. Apollonio, M. Brugger, L. Rossi, R. Schmidt, B. Todd, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

High Luminosity-LHC is the future upgrade of the LHC that aims at delivering an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb-1 over about 10 years of operation, starting from 2025. Significant modifications [1] will be implemented to accelerator systems, including new superconducting magnets, crab cavities, superconducting links, new collimators and absorbers based on advanced materials and design and additional cryo-plants. Due to the limit imposed by the number of simultaneous events at the experiments (pile-up) on peak luminosity, the latter will be levelled to 5*1034 cm^-2s⁻¹. The target integrated luminosity can only be achieved with a significant increase of the total available time for beam collisions compared to the 2012 LHC run, despite a beam current that is planned to double the nominal 0.58 A. Therefore one of the key figures of merit to take into account for system upgrades and new designs is their impact on the accelerator availability. In this paper the main factors affecting LHC availability will be discussed and predictions on the impact of future system upgrades on integrated luminosity presented. Requirements in terms of the maximum allowed number of dumps for the main contributing systems to LHC unavailability will be derived.

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TUPTY058

Mitigating Performance Limitations of Single Beam-pipe Circular e⁺e⁻ Colliders

luminosity, collider, electron, synchrotron

2160

M. Koratzinos
DPNC, Genève, Switzerland
F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Renewed interest in circular e⁺e⁻ colliders has spurred designs of single beam-pipe machines, like the CEPC in China, and double beam pipe ones, such as the FCC-ee effort at CERN. Single beam-pipe designs profit from lower costs but are limited by the number of bunches that can be accommodated in the machine. We analyse these performance limitations and propose a solution that can accommodate O(1000) bunches while keeping more than 90% of the ring with a single beam pipe.

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TUPTY059

First Considerations on Beam Optics and Lattice Design for the Future Electron-Positron Collider FCC-ee

emittance, optics, collider, lattice

2162

B. Härer, B.J. Holzer, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A.V. Bogomyagkov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

The Future Circular Collider (FCC) study includes the design of a 100-km electron positron collider (FCC-ee) with collision energies between 90 GeV and 350 GeV. This paper describes first aspects of the design and the optics of the FCC-ee collider, optimised for four different beam energies. Special emphasis is put on the need for a highly flexible magnet lattice in order to achieve the required beam emittances in each case and on the layout of the interaction region that will have to combine an advanced mini-beta concept, an effective beam separation scheme and a local chromaticity control to optimise the momentum acceptance and dynamic aperture of the ring.

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TUPTY061

Combined Operation and Staging Scenarios for the FCC-ee Lepton Collider

emittance, luminosity, collider, optics

2169

M. Benedikt, B.J. Holzer, E. Jensen, R. Tomás, J. Wenninger, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A.V. Bogomyagkov, E.B. Levichev, D.N. Shatilov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
K. Ohmi, K. Oide
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
U. Wienands
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

FCC-ee is a proposed high-energy electron positron circular collider that would initially occupy the 100-km FCC tunnel that will eventually house the 100 TeV FCC-hh hadron collider. The parameter range for the e⁺/e⁻ collider is large, operating at a cm energy from 90 GeV (Z-pole) to 350 GeV (t-tbar production) with the maximum beam current ranging from 1.5 A to 6 mA for each beam, corresponding to a synchrotron radiation power of 50 MW and a radiative energy loss varying from ~30 MeV/turn to ~7500 MeV/turn. This presents challenges for the rf system due to the varying rf voltage requirements and beam loading conditions. In this paper we present a possible gradual evolution of the FCC-ee complex by step-wise expansion, and possibly reconfiguration, of the superconducting RF system. The performance attainable at each step is discussed, along with the possible advantages and drawbacks.

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TUPTY062

FCC-hh Hadron Collider - Parameter Scenarios and Staging Options

luminosity, damping, proton, radiation

2173

M. Benedikt, B. Goddard, D. Schulte, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M.J. Syphers
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
M.J. Syphers
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

FCC-hh is a proposed future energy-frontier hadron collider, based on dipole magnets with a field around 16 T installed in a new tunnel with a circumference of about 100 km, which would provide proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 100 TeV, as well as heavy-ion collisions at the equivalent energy. The FCC-hh should deliver a high integrated proton-proton luminosity at the level of several 100 fb^-1 per year, or more. The challenges for operating FCC-hh with high beam current and at high luminosity include the heat load from synchrotron radiation in a cold environment, the radiation from collision debris around the interaction region, and machine protection. In this paper, starting from the FCC-hh design baseline parameters we explore different approaches for increasing the integrated luminosity, and discuss the impact of key individual parameters, such as the turnaround time. We also present some injector considerations and options for early hadron-collider operation.

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TUPTY083

Conceptual MEIC Electron Ring Injection Scheme using CEBAF as a Full Energy Injector

injection, electron, linac, gun

2232

J. Guo, F. Lin, R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang, S. Wang, Y. Zhang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177
The Medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) proposed by Jefferson Lab is planning to use the newly upgraded 12 GeV CEBAF 1497 MHz SRF CW recirculating linac as a full-energy injector for the electron collider ring. The electron collider ring is proposed to reuse the 476MHz PEP-II RF system to achieve high installed voltage and high beam power. The MEIC electron injection requires 3-10 (or 12) GeV beam in 3-4μs long bunch trains with low duty factor and high peak current, resulting in strong transient beam loading for the CEBAF. In this paper, we propose an injection scheme that can match the two systems’ frequencies with acceptable injection time, and also address the transient beam loading issue in CEBAF. The scheme is compatible with future upgrade to 952.6 MHz SRF system in the electron ring.

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TUPWI004

Status of the TOP-IMPLART Proton LINAC

proton, linac, controls, klystron

2245

P. Nenzi, A. Ampollini, G. Bazzano, F. Marracino, L. Picardi, C. Ronsivalle, V. Surrenti, M. Vadrucci
ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
F. Ambrosini
University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
F. Ambrosini
Università di Roma "La Sapienza", SAPIENZA-DIET, Roma, Italy
C. Snels
ENEA Casaccia, Roma, Italy

In this work we present the latest update on the TOP-IMPLART LINAC. It is a 150 MeV proton linear accelerator for protontherapy application under realization at ENEA-Frascati in the framework of a project developed by ENEA, the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) and Regina Elena National Cancer Institute-IFO-Rome. The accelerator consists of a 7 MeV injector operating at 425 MHz followed by a LINAC booster working at 2997.92 MHz at a maximum repetition frequency of 100 Hz. The medium energy section up to 35 MeV is a sequence of four SCDTL modules (Side Coupled Drift Tube LINAC) powered by a single 10 MW klystron: the first module bringing beam energy from 7MeV to 11.6MeV with an input power of 1.3 MW in a 4usec pulse has been successfully commissioned with a 10 uA per pulse beam accelerated at the design energy demonstrating the functionality of low energy proton acceleration at high RF frequency. The effects on beam dynamics, caused by the absence of any harmonic relation between the two operating frequencies of the LINAC has been simulated and experimentally verified during the commissioning activity. The second and third module installation and testing is undergoing.

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TUPWI006

How Knowledge and Technological Transfer can Develop into an Industrial Reality: Kyma Srl case history

insertion, insertion-device, undulator, controls

2253

R. Geometrante, M. Zambelli
KYMA, Trieste, Italy
M. Zambelli
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy

Kyma was established in 2007 as a spin-off company of Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, to design, realize and install all the 18 undulators of FERMI, the seeded FEL, at the time being built at the Elettra lab in Trieste, Italy. For Kyma establishment, Elettra-SincrotroneTrieste formally transferred to the new company know-how and references relevant to Insertion Devices and, by a Knowledge Transfer monetarily evaluated, could participate to Kyma capital owning the 51% of the shares. In few years, Kyma became a well-known organization in the light source community. After more than forty Insertion Devices and sixty phase shifters designed and manufactured, Kyma is now recognized as a qualified partner for design and development of this kind of equipment. Some examples of Kyma industrial achievements in developing skills, knowledge, technologies methods of manufacturing transferred by Universities and Institution, will be presented. An example out of many: the joint effort between Kyma and Cornell University right now leading to the development of a new perspective into the ID world, i.e. the CHESS Compact Undulators (CCU).

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TUPWI015

Experience on Serial Production of the Quadrupole Movers with Submicrometric Repeatability for the European XFEL*

controls, quadrupole, hardware, dumping

2271

J. Munilla, J. Calero, L. García-Tabarés, A. Guirao, J.L. Gutiérrez, T. Martínez, E. Molina Marinas, F. Toral, C. Vázquez
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
J.A. Gorrotxategi, M. Tarragual
ZEHATZ, Mendaro, Spain
B. Junkera, A. Urzainki
DMP, Mendaro, Spain
C. Martins, E. Ramiro, F. Ramiro
RAMEM, Madrid, Spain

Funding: This work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under SEI Resolution on 17-September-2009 and Project ref. AIC10-A-000524
CIEMAT is in charge of the design and manufacturing of the quadrupole movers with submicrometric repeatability for the XFEL. EU intersections. Prototyping of these precision devices was successful but manufacturing them in a serial production scheme (101 units) implies some changes at design, fabrication procedures and quality controls. This paper will present some of the main problems and solutions adopted to transform a prototype made at a research facility into a serial production at a conventional industrial company. Also, it describes the inspection and tests, the quality controls and reporting procedures. All the devices have been validated and recepted. This paper describes the adopted procedure and the performance of the serial units.

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TUPWI022

GEM*STAR Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System for Improved Safety, Waste Management, and Plutonium Disposition

neutron, target, proton, simulation

2289

R.P. Johnson, R.J. Abrams, M.A.C. Cummings, G. Flanagan, T.J. Roberts
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
C. Bowman
ADNA, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
R.B. Vogelaar
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

Operation of high-power SRF particle accelerators at two US national laboratories allows us to consider a less-expensive nuclear reactor that operates without the need for a critical core, fuel enrichment, or reprocessing. A multipurpose reactor design that takes advantage of this new accelerator capability includes an internal spallation neutron target and high-temperature molten-salt fuel with continuous purging of volatile radioactive fission products. The reactor contains less than a critical mass and almost a million times fewer volatile radioactive fission products than conventional reactors like those at Fukushima. We describe GEM*STAR *, a reactor that without redesign will burn spent nuclear fuel, natural uranium, thorium, or surplus weapons material. A first application is to burn 34 tonnes of excess weapons grade plutonium as an important step in nuclear disarmament under the 2000 Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement **. The process heat generated by this W-Pu can be used for the Fischer-Tropsch conversion of natural gas and renewable carbon into 42 billion gallons of low-CO2-footprint, drop-in, synthetic diesel fuel for the DOD.
* Charles D. Bowman, R. Bruce Vogelaar, et al., Handbook of Nuclear Engineering, Springer Science+Business Media LLC (2010).
** http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2010/04/140097.htm

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TUPWI060

RHIC Polarized Proton-Proton Operation at 100 GeV in Run 15

proton, electron, polarization, emittance

2384

V. Schoefer, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, Y. Dutheil, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, P.H. Pile, A. Poblaguev, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, W.B. Schmidke, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, S.M. White, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The first part of RHIC Run 15 consisted of nine weeks of polarized proton on proton collisions at a beam energy of 100 GeV at two interaction points. In this paper we discuss several of the upgrades to the collider complex that allowed for improved performance this run. The largest effort consisted of commissioning of the electron lenses, one in each ring, which are designed to compensate one of the two beam-beam interactions experienced by the proton bunches. The e-lenses therefore raise the per bunch intensity at which luminosity becomes beam-beam limited. A new lattice was designed to create the phase advances necessary for a functioning e-lens which also has an improved off-momentum dynamic aperture relative to previous runs. In order to take advantage of the new, higher intensity limit without suffering intensity driven emittance deterioration, other features were commissioned including a continuous transverse bunch-by-bunch damper in RHIC and a double harmonic capture scheme in the Booster. Other high intensity protections include improvements to the abort system and the installation of masks to intercept beam lost due to abort kicker pre-fires.

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WEXB3

Realization of Pseudo Single Bunch Operation with Adjustable Frequency

kicker, experiment, timing, resonance

2396

C. Sun, G.J. Portmann, D. Robin, C. Steier
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the Director Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231
We present the concept and results of pseudo-single-bunch (PSB) operation–a new operational mode at the advanced light source–that can greatly expand the capabilities of synchrotron light sources to carry out dynamics and time-of-flight experiments. In PSB operation, a single electron bunch is displaced transversely from the other electron bunches using a short-pulse, high-repetition-rate kicker magnet. Experiments that require light emitted only from a single bunch can stop the light emitted from the other bunches using a collimator. Other beam lines will only see a small reduction in flux due to the displaced bunch. As a result, PSB allows to run timing experiments during the multibunch operation. Furthermore, the time spacing of PSB pulses can be adjusted from milliseconds to microseconds with a novel “kick-and-cancel” scheme, which can significantly alleviate complications of using high-power choppers and substantially reduce the rate of sample damage.

Slides WEXB3 [128.794 MB]

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WEXC2

Advances in Proton Linac Online Modeling

linac, GPU, space-charge, simulation

2423

X. Pang
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

This talk will review current online modeling tools used for proton linacs and then focus on a new approach that marries multi-particle beam dynamics with modern GPU technology to provide pseudo real-time beam information in a control room setting. Benefits to be discussed will include fast turnaround, accurate beam quality prediction, cost efficiency, test bed for new control and operation scheme development and operator training.

Slides WEXC2 [4.292 MB]

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WEXC3

Improving the Energy Efficiency of Accelerator Facilities

klystron, radiation, neutron, synchrotron

2428

M. Seidel
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
R. Gehring
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
E. Jensen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
T.I. Parker
ESS, Lund, Sweden
P.J. Spiller, J. Stadlmann
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

New particle accelerator based research facilities tend to be much more productive, but often in coincidence with much higher energy consumption. The total energy consumption of mankind is steeply rising, while some European countries decided to terminate nuclear power generation and to switch to renewable energy production. Also the CO2 problem gives rise to new approaches for energy production and in all strategies the efficiency of utilization of electrical energy plays an important role. For the public acceptance of particle accelerator projects it is thus very important to optimize them for best utilization of electrical energy and to show these efforts to funding bodies and to the public. Within the European accelerator development program Eucard-2 we organise a network EnEfficient that aims at improving the energy efficiency of accelerators. In this paper we give some background information on the political situation, we describe the power flow in accelerator facilities and we give examples for developments of efficient accelerator systems, such as magnets, RF generation and beam acceleration, heat recovery and energy management.

Slides WEXC3 [2.611 MB]

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WEBB1

Plans for Deployment of Hollow Electron Lenses at the LHC for Enhanced Beam Collimation

electron, collimation, solenoid, gun

2462

S. Redaelli, A. Bertarelli, R. Bruce, D. Perini, A. Rossi, B. Salvachua
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
G. Stancari, A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Hollow electron lenses are considered as a possible mean to improve the LHC beam collimation system, providing an active control of halo diffusion rates and suppressing the population of transverse halos. After a very successful experience at the Tevatron, a conceptual design of a hollow e-lens optimized for the LHC was produced. Recent further studies have led to a mature preliminary technical design. In this paper, possible scenarios for the deployment of this technology at the LHC are elaborated in the context of the scheduled LHC long shutdowns until the full implementation of the HL-LHC upgrade in 2023. Possible setups of electron beam test stands at CERN and synergies with other relevant electron beam programmes outside CERN are also discussed.

Slides WEBB1 [3.216 MB]

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WEBD1

12 GeV CEBAF Transverse Emittance Evolution

emittance, optics, linac, synchrotron

640

T. Satogata, Y. Roblin, M.G. Tiefenback, D.L. Turner
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

We present commissioning results of measurements of beam phase space evolution of the newly commissioned 12 GeV CEBAF accelerator. These measurements range over two orders of magnitude in energy for a non-equilibrium beam, from near the photocathode to the diamond bremsstrahlung target for the GlueX experiment. We also compare these measurements to modeled beam evolution, and emittance growth expectations driven by synchrotron radiation.

Slides WEBD1 [4.297 MB]

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WEBD3

Recent Developments on Superconducting Undulators at ANKA

undulator, storage-ring, vacuum, permanent-magnet

2485

S. Casalbuoni, A. Cecilia, S. Gerstl, N. Glamann, A.W. Grau, T. Holubek, C.A.J. Meuter, D. Saez de Jauregui, R. Voutta
KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
C. Boffo, T.A. Gerhard, M. Turenne, W. Walter
Babcock Noell GmbH, Wuerzburg, Germany

At the synchrotron ANKA (ANgstrom source KArlsruhe) we pursue a research and development program on superconducting undulators (SCUs). This technology is of interest to improve the spectral characteristics of the emitted photons in third and fourth generation light sources. We present here the results obtained within the ongoing collaboration with the industrial partner Babcock Noell GmbH (BNG) on NbTi conduction cooled planar devices. Investigations on the application of alternative superconductors as well as a summary of the achievements reached to precisely characterize the magnetic field properties of SCUs and to measure the beam heat load to a cold bore are also described.

Slides WEBD3 [2.581 MB]

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WEPWA027

Gas Flow Influence on Negative Hydrogen Ion Generation within the Microwave-Driven Negative Ion Source

ion, ion-source, electron, experiment

2555

S.X. Peng, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, H.T. Ren, Y. Xu, A.L. Zhang, J.F. Zhang, T. Zhang, J. Zhao
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
J. Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Beijing, Haidian District, People's Republic of China

H⁻ ion was generated through two processes within a volume Cs- free source. The density of molecule hydrogen gas will impact the electron temperature within the primary discharge chamber that will influence the population of vibrationally excited H2*. Within the extraction region, the interaction between molecule hydrogen and H⁻ ion will is cause the dissociation of negative ion. To better understand the gas flow influence on H⁻ ion generation within a volume negative ion source, a new Cs-free volume microwave-driven H⁻ source body with two gas inlets was developed at Peking University (PKU). Experiment on gas flow and gas pressure distribution within the plasma chamber was carried out with this source body. In the meantime a two dimensional (2D) model for gas flow was developed. Details will be presented in this paper.
[1] S.X. Peng, H.T. Ren, Y. Xu, T. Zhang, etc., CW/Pulsed H⁻ Ion Beam Generation with PKU Cs-free 2.45 GHz Microwave Driven Ion Source. O5-06, NIBS 2014, Accepted for publication in AIP, 2014/11/04.

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WEPWA061

High-Gradient Testing of Metallic Photonic Band-gap (PBG) and Disc-Loaded Waveguide (DLWG) Structures at 17 GHz

flattop, coupling, diagnostics, wakefield

2643

B.J. Munroe, M.A. Shapiro, R.J. Temkin, J.X. Zhang
MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Funding: This work supported by the DOE, Office of High Energy Physics, Grant No. DE-SC0010075
Photonic Band-gap (PBG) structures continue to be a promising area of research for future accelerator structures. Previous experiments at 11 GHz have demonstrated that PBG structures can operate at high gradient and low breakdown probability, provided that pulsed heating is controlled. A metallic single-cell standing-wave PBG structure has been tested at 17 GHz at MIT to investigate how breakdown probability scales with frequency in these structures. A single-cell standing-wave disc-loaded waveguide (DLWG) was also tested at MIT as a reference structure. The PBG structure achieved greater than 90 MV/m gradient at 100 ns pulse length and a breakdown probability of 1.1 *10-1 /pulse/m. The DLWG structure achieved 90 MV/m gradient at 100 ns pulse length and a breakdown probability of 1.2 *10-1 /pulse/m, the same as the PBG structure within experimental error. These tests were conducted at the MIT structure test stand, and represent the first long-pulse breakdown testing of accelerator structures above X-Band.

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WEPJE023

Cathode Performance during Two Beam Operation of the High Current High Polarization Electron Gun for eRHIC

cathode, gun, electron, vacuum

2720

O.H. Rahman
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
M.A. Ackeret, J.R. Pietz
Transfer Engineering and Manufacturing, Inc, Fremont, California, USA
I. Ben-Zvi, C. Degen, D.M. Gassner, R.F. Lambiase, A.I. Pikin, T. Rao, B. Sheehy, J. Skaritka, E. Wang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
E. Dobrin, R.C. Miller, K.A. Thompson, C. Yeckel
Stangenes Industries, Palo Alto, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Two electron beams from two activated bulk GaAs photocathodes were successfully combined during the recent beam test of the High Current High Polarization Electron gun for eRHIC. The beam test took place at Stangenes Industries in Palo Alto, CA, where the cathodes were placed in radially opposite locations inside the high voltage shroud. No significant cross talking between the cathodes were found for the pertinent vacuum and low average current operation, which is very promising towards combining multiple beams for higher average current. This paper describes the cathode preparation, transport and cathode performance in the gun for the combining test, including the QE and lifetimes of the photocathodes at various steps of the experiment.

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WEPMA001

Proposed Linac Upgrade with a SLED Cavity at the Australian Synchrotron, SLSA

klystron, cavity, linac, injection

2738

K. Zingre, B. Mountford
ASCo, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
M.P. Atkinson, R.T. Dowd, G. LeBlanc
SLSA, Clayton, Australia
C.G. Hollwich
SPINNER GmbH, Westerham, Germany

The Australian Synchrotron Light Source has been operating successfully since 2007 and in top-up mode since 2012 while gradually being upgraded to reach an excellent beam availability exceeding 99 %. Considering the ageing of the equipment, effort is required in order to maintain the reliability at this level. The proposed upgrade of the linac with a SLED cavity has been chosen to mitigate the risks of single point of failure and lack of spare parts. The linac is normally fed from two independent 35 MW pulsed klystrons to reach 100 MeV beam energy and can be operated in single (SBM) or multi-bunch mode (MBM). The SLED cavity upgrade will allow remote selection of single klystron operation in SMB and possibly limited MBM without degradation of beam energy and reduce down time in case of a klystron failure. The proposal for the SLED cavity upgrade is shown and the linac designs are detailed.

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WEPMA011

First Horizontal Test Results of the HZB SRF Photoinjector for BERLinPro

cavity, SRF, cryomodule, gun

2768

A. Burrill, W. Anders, A. Frahm, J. Knobloch, A. Neumann
HZB, Berlin, Germany
G. Ciovati, W.A. Clemens, P. Kneisel, L. Turlington
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

The BERLinPro project, a small superconducting RF (SRF) c.w. energy recovery linac (ERL) is being built at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin in order to develop the technology required for operation of a high current, 100 mA, 50 MeV ERL. The electron source for the accelerator is a 1.4 cell SRF photoinjector fitted with a multi-alkali photocathode. As part of the HZB photoinjector development program three different SRF photoinjectors will be fabricated and tested. The photoinjector described herein is the second cavity that has been fabricated, and the first photoinjector designed for use with a multi-alkali photocathode. The photoinjector has been built and tested at JLab and subsequently shipped to HZB for testing in the horizontal test cryostat HoBiCaT prior to installation in the photoinjector cryomodule. This cryomodule will be used to measure the photocathode operation in a dedicated experiment called GunLab, the precursor to installation in the BERLinPro hall. This paper will report on the final results of the cavity installed in the helium vessel in the vertical testing dewar at Jefferson Lab as well as the first horizontal test in HoBiCaT

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WEPMA012

High-Q Cavity Operation: Study on the Thermoelectrically Induced Contribution to RF Surface Resistance

cavity, simulation, shielding, niobium

2771

J.M. Köszegi, J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler, A. Neumann, A.V. Vélez
HZB, Berlin, Germany

We present a study concerning the operation of a superconducting RF cavity (non-doped niobium) in horizontal testing with the focus on understanding the thermoelectrically induced contribution to the surface resistance. Starting in 2009, we suggested a means of reducing the residual resistance by warming up a cavity after initial cooldown to about 20K and cooling it down again. In subsequent studies we used this technique to manipulate the residual resistance by more than a factor of 2. We postulated that thermocurrents during cooldown generate additional trapped magnetic flux that impacts the cavity quality factor. Since several questions remained open, we present here a more extensive study including measurement of two additional passband modes of the 9-cell cavity that confirms the effect. We also discuss simulations that substantiate the claim. While the layout of the cavity LHe tank system is cylindrically symmetric, we show that the temperature dependence of the material parameters result in a non-symmetric current distribution. Hence a significant amount of magnetic flux can be generated at the RF surface resulting in an increased surface resistance.

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WEPMA018

Status of the Ring RF Systems for FAIR

cavity, antiproton, ion, PLC

2789

M. Frey, R. Balß, C. Christoph, O. Disser, G. Fleischmann, U. Hartel, P. Hülsmann, S. Jatta, A. Klaus, H. Klingbeil, H.G. König, U. Laier, D.E.M. Lens, D. Mondry, K.-P. Ningel, H. Richter, S. Schäfer, C. Thielmann, T. Winnefeld, B. Zipfel
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
K. Groß, H. Klingbeil
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

For the FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) synchrotron SIS100 and the storage ring CR (Collector Ring), different RF cavity systems are currently being realized. In addition to the standard RF bucket generation and acceleration, these ring RF systems also allow more complex beam manipulations such as barrier bucket operation or bunch rotation in phase space. Depending on their purpose, the cavities are either loaded with ferrite material or with MA (Magnetic Alloy) ring cores. Independent of the type of cavity, a complete cavity system consists of the cavity itself, a tetrode-based power amplifier, a solid-state pre-amplifier, a supply unit including PLC (Programmable Logic Control), and an RF control system (so-called LLRF, low level RF system). In this contribution, the different systems are described, and their current status is presented.

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WEPMA021

Efficient Pulsed Quadrupole

quadrupole, simulation, damping, pulsed-power

2799

I.J. Petzenhauser, U. Blell, P.J. Spiller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
C. Tenholt
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Funding: Work supported by EuCARD-2-WP03-EnEfficient. EuCARD-2 is co-funded by the partners and the European Commission under Capacities 7th Framework Programme, Grant Agreement 312453
In order to raise the focusing gradient in case of bunched beam lines, an alternative, iron free, pulsed quadrupole was designed. The transfer channels between synchrotrons as well as the final focusing for the production of secondary beams are possible applications. The quadrupole is running in a pulsed mode, which means an immense saving of energy by avoiding standby operation. Still the high gradients demand high currents. Hence a circuit had to be developed which is able to recover a significant amount of the pulsing energy for following shots. The basic design of the electrical circuit of the pulsed quadrupole is introduced. Furthermore more energy efficient circuits are presented and the limits of adaptability are considered.

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WEPMA022

Progress of the Klystron and Cavity Test Stand for the FAIR Proton Linac

klystron, cavity, linac, proton

2802

A. Schnase, E. Plechov, J. Salvatore, G. Schreiber, W. Vinzenz
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
C. Joly, J. Lesrel
IPN, Orsay, France

In collaboration between the FAIR project, GSI, and CNRS, the IPNO lab provided the high power RF components for a cavity and klystron test stand. For initial operation of the 3 MW Thales TH2181 klystron at 325.224 MHz we received a high voltage modulator from CERN Linac 4 as a loan. Here we report, how we integrated the combination of klystron, high voltage modulator, and auxiliaries to accumulate operating experience. RF operation of the klystron started on a water cooled load, soon the circulator will be included and then the prototype CH cavity in the radiation shielded area will be powered. The 45 kW amplifiers for the 3 buncher structures of the FAIR proton Linac were checked at the test stand, and the results are presented here.

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WEPMA038

Compact In-vacuum Quadrupoles for a Beam Transport System at a Laser Wakefield Accelerator

vacuum, quadrupole, focusing, laser

2845

A. Bernhard, V. Afonso Rodríguez, A.-S. Müller, J. Senger, W. Werner, C. Widmann
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Funding: This work is partially funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research under contract no. 05K10VK2 and 05K10SJ2.
For the transport and matching of electrons generated by a Laser Wakefield Accelerator (LWFA) a beam transport system with strong focusing magnets and a compact design is required. For the realization of such a beam transport system at the LWFA in Jena, Germany, two small series of inexpensive, modular quadrupoles were designed and built. The quadrupoles are iron-dominated electromagnets in order to keep the transport system adaptable to different energies and target parameters. To achieve the required field strength it was necessary to choose a small magnetic aperture. Therefore the magnets were designed for in-vacuum use with water-cooled coils. In this contribution the design, the realization and first field measurements of these quadrupoles are presented.

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WEPMA042

Experience and Developments on the S-band RF Power System of the FERMI Linac

klystron, linac, FEL, high-voltage

2856

A. Fabris, P. Delgiusto, F. Pribaz, N. Sodomaco, R. Umer, L. Veljak
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy

The S-band linac of FERMI, the seeded Free Electron Laser (FEL) located at the Elettra laboratory in Trieste, operates on a 24/7 basis accumulating more than 6000 hours of operation per year. The performance and operability requirements of a users facility pose stringent specifications on reliability and availability on all the systems of the machine and in particular on the RF power plants. This paper provides a review and discusses the operational experience with the S-band power plants, klystrons and modulators, operating at S-band in FERMI. Based on the satisfactorily results and following return of experience, upgrades of the existing power plants are being implemented in the continuous effort of extending the operability and availability of the systems. A description of these activities and an overview of the other developments under consideration on the RF power plants are also provided.

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WEPMA043

Five Years of Operations for the Magnet Power Supplies of FERMI

FEL, controls, linac, interface

2859

R. Visintini
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy

FERMI, the FEL light source in Trieste, Italy, started its regular operation with external users in 2012. The construction of the facility began in 2008 and the commissioning of the complete system – LINAC, Undulators’ chains (FEL-1 and FEL-2), photon front-end – started in 2010. On December 13, 2010 the first lasing occurred. From the Photo-injector to the electron Main Beam Dump (MBD), there are more than 400 magnets and coils, including those mounted on the accelerating sections of the LINAC and on the Undulators. With few exceptions, each magnet power supply energizes a single magnet/coil: there are about 400 magnet power supplies spanning from few tens of watt up to 42 kW. The power supplies types range from custom-made ones, to COTS (Commercial Off The Shelf), to in-house design (these accounting to 88% of the total). Almost all magnet power supplies are in use since mid-2010. During 5 years of operations, the reliability of the magnet power supplies proved to be extremely high: the downtime of FERMI operations due to magnet power supplies is very low.

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WEPMA051

Superconducting Solenoid Package Prototyping for FRIB SRF Linac

solenoid, dipole, linac, SRF

2886

K. Hosoyama, K. Akai, S. Yamaguchi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
E.E. Burkhardt, K. Saito, Y. Yamazaki
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Coopertive Agreement DESC000661.
FRIB is an under constructing machine in USA for nuclear physics, which has intensity front SRF linacs to accelerate ion beam from proton to uranium up to 200 MeV/u. FRIB has large users community, so the machine has to be operated very reliably and stably. Superconducting solenoid and steering dipoles as a package is mounted in the cryomodule nearby SRF cavities to focus beam strongly and space effectively. This produces an issue interacting between the fringe field from the solenoid and the SRF cavity, which makes potential performance degradation on SRF cavity. NbTi superconducting wire is utilized for the solenoid package. The high field design like 9T is very critical operation due to the SC characteristics of the wire. The solenoid package has to be designed very carefully. In this paper will report the prototyping of 25 cm 8T solenoid package for FRIB cryomodule, which includes design, fabrication, and cold test.
* This work has been done under the collaboration between KEK and MSU.

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WEPMA052

Low Level RF Systems for J-PARC Linac 50-mA Operation

rfq, linac, cavity, controls

2889

Z. Fang, Y. Fukui, K. Futatsukawa, T. Kobayashi, S. Michizono
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
E. Chishiro, F. Sato, S. Shinozaki
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

In the summer of 2014, lots of improvements were carried out in the J-PARC proton linac, including the ion source, the Radio Frequency Quadrupole linac (RFQ), and the medium-energy beam-transport line from the RFQ to the Drift Tube Linac (DTL) called as MEBT1. The output beam current of the ion source was upgraded from 20 to 50 mA. The previous RFQ with two RF power input ports was replaced by a newly developed RFQ with one input port. The RF power of the solid state amplifier for the rf cavities used in the MEBT1 section were upgraded; from 10 to 30 kW for both of the Buncher-1 and Buncher-2, and from 30 to 120 kW for the Chopper cavity. The old scraper used as dump of chopped beam after the Chopper cavity was also replaced by a new dump system using two scrapers; A new function of separating the chopped beam automatically to the two scrapers was developed by modifying the FPAG control program in the low level control systems. After those improvements, in the September 2014 the J-PARC linac was successfully upgraded for 50-mA beam operation. The details of the improvments, especially for the low level RF systems, will be reported in this paper.

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WEPMA055

The Magnet and Power Supply System for the Compact-ERL

quadrupole, recirculation, power-supply, extraction

2899

K. Harada, T. Kume, S. Nagahashi, N. Nakamura, S. Sakanaka, A. Ueda
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The recirculation loop of the cERL (compact Energy Recovery LINAC) was constructed in 2013. In this paper, we show the magnet and the power supply system for the recirculation loop of the cERL. The recirculation loop consists of the eight main bending magnets, sixty quadrupole magnets and ten small bending magnets for the three chicanes of the injection, extraction and circumference adjuster. The four power supplies are used for the chicane bending magnets, sixty for the quadrupoles, forty-eight for the horizontal correctors, and thirty-three for the vertical correctors. The EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) was used for the control of the power supplies.

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WEPMA056

Development of Superconducting Spoke Cavities for Laser Compton Scattered X-ray Sources

cavity, electron, linac, brightness

2902

R. Hajima, M. Sawamura
JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
E. Cenni, Y. Iwashita, H. Tongu
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
T. Kubo, T. Saeki
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: This study is supported by Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program of MEXT, Japan.
A 5-year research program on the development of superconducting spoke cavities for electron accelerators has been funded by MEXT, Japan since 2013. The purpose of our program is establishing design and fabrication processes of superconducting spoke cavity optimized for compact X-ray sources based on laser Compton scattering. The spoke cavity is expected to realize a compact industrial-use X-ray source with a reasonable cost and easy operation. We have chosen a cavity frequency at 325 MHz due to possible operation at 4 K and carried out cavity shape optimization in terms of electromagnetic and mechanical properties. Production of press-forming dies is also in progress. In this paper, we present overview and up-to-date status of the research program.

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WEPMA058

New Injection Bump Power Supply of the J-PARC RCS*

power-supply, injection, flattop, timing

2908

T. Takayanagi, N. Hayashi, K. Horino, M. Kinsho, K. Okabe, T. Ueno
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
Y. Irie
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The new horizontal shift bump (SB) power supply for beam injection system of the J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) 3-GeV RCS (Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron) has been developed and manufactured. The injection energy was increased from 181 MeV to 400 MeV, and the power capacity of the new power supply was doubled. The power supply newly adopted a capacitor commutation method to form the trapezoid waveform pattern (bump waveform) by the IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) switch. This paper reports characteristic, the problems and the user operation status about the new shift bump power supply.

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WEPMN008

Material Test of Proton Beam Window for CSNS

experiment, proton, target, neutron

2927

H.J. Wang, L. Kang, H. Qu, L. Wu, D.H. Zhu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The proton beam window (PBW) is one of the key devices of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). Material selection is of particular importance. A5083-O was selected in the previous work, and recently the material tests were done. The tests showed the material has good microstructure, physical and mechanical performance. Creep lifetime was analyzed based on the creep test. All the experiment showed the selected material is qualified.

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WEPMN019

Calorimetric Power Measurements in X-band High Power RF

simulation, klystron, experiment, linac

2967

X.W. Wu, H.B. Chen, L. Zhang
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
N. Catalán Lasheras, B.J. Woolley, W. Wuensch
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

With the aim to test prototype accelerating structures for CLIC at high-gradient, new klystron-based, X-band high power test stands are being built at CERN. These tests stands are referred to as Xboxes with Xbox1 and Xbox2 being already operational. Stainless steel loads are placed in the end of the Xbox-1 system to absorb the remaining power which comes out of the accelerating structure. Power information is important and needs to be measured precisely. A new power measuring method based on calorimetry is proposed independent from RF measurements subject to frequent calibration. The principles of the method and simulations are presented and the results of actual experimentation are used to validate the method. The results show calorimetric measurement is feasible method and have a good precision at this power level.

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WEPMN030

Testing Procedures for Fast Frequency Tuners of XFEL Cavities

cavity, controls, LLRF, cryomodule

2991

K.P. Przygoda, W. Cichalewski, T. Pożniak
TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland
J. Branlard, O. Hensler, H. Schlarb, Ch. Schmidt
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
K. Kasprzak
IFJ-PAN, Kraków, Poland

The XFEL accelerator will be equipped with 100 accelerating modules. Each accelerating module will host 8 superconducting cavities. Every single cavity will be equipped with a mechanical tuner. Coarse tuning will be supported by a step motor; fine tuning will be handled by double piezoelectric elements installed inside a single mechanical support, providing actuator and sensor functionality or redundancy. Before the main linac installation, all its subcomponents need to be tested and verified. The AMTF (Accelerator Module Test Facility) has been built at DESY to test all XFEL cryomodules. In total 1600 piezos need to be tested. Test procedures for fast frequency tuners have been developed to check their basic performance in cryogenic conditions (tuning range, polarity, acting and sensing abilities). High level applications perform fully automated tests including report generation. After the successful completion of the acceptance tests, the cryomodules will be prepared for tunnel installation.

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WEPMN031

Automated Quench Limit Test Procedure for Serial Production of XFEL RF Cavities

cavity, software, cryomodule, flattop

2994

K. Kasprzak, D. Konwisorz, K. Krzysik, S. Myalski, J. Świerbleski, K. Turaj, M. Wiencek, A. Zwozniak
IFJ-PAN, Kraków, Poland
D. Kostin, K.P. Przygoda
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

In the Accelerator Module Test Facility (AMTF) at DESY in Hamburg RF cavities and accelerating cryomodules are tested for the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL). Measurements are done by a team of physicists, engineers and technicians from The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków, Poland, as a part of Polish in-kind contribution to the XFEL. The testing procedures providing information about maximum available gradient and heat loads measurement are performed for the high gradients (up to 31MV/m). During these tests the cavity deformation caused by the Lorentz force is compensated by piezo (fast) tuners. For this purpose automated high level software was developed. This paper describes a method used to tune automatically the cavities during the RF tests. It was validated with the XFEL cryomodules. This improvement was implemented into the testing software and it is successfully used for testing of serial production cavities.

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WEPMN032

Microphonic Disturbances Prediction and Compensation in Pulsed Superconducting Accelerators

cavity, controls, linac, flattop

2997

R. Rybaniec, L.J. Opalski
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland
V. Ayvazyan, L. Butkowski, S. Pfeiffer, K.P. Przygoda, H. Schlarb, Ch. Schmidt
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Accelerators are affected by the cavities detuning variation caused by external mechanical disturbances (microphonics). The paper presents microphonics estimation and prediction methods applicable for superconducting accelerators operating in pulsed mode. A mathematical model is built using the estimates of detuning during previous RF pulses. The model can be used for predictions of disturbances for the future time step and setup of the fast tuners accordingly. The proposed method was successfully verified with measurements conducted at the FLASH linac.

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WEPMN033

The Fabrication of Prototype Normal Conducting Rebuncher for the MEBT in RISP

cavity, resonance, linac, controls

3000

H.J. Kim, M.O. Hyun, B.-S. Park
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

The Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) system of RAON consists of several quadrupole magnets for controlling the transverse beam parameter at the entrance of the low energy linac, three normal-conducting (NC) re-bunchers to match the longitudinal beam ellipse into the acceptance of the low energy linac and several diagnostic devices. The NC QWR re-buncher, which has a frequency of 81.25 MHz, a geometric beta factor of 0.032, and an effective length of 24 cm, has been fabricated and tested to demonstrate the frequency tuning by using slug tuner, power transmission and reflection with low input power, and pulsed high power transmission with cooling channels. In this presentation, we show the design and fabrication criteria for the high power, ~ 10 kW, re-buncher and its test results.

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WEPMN036

Design Study on a High Power RF Amplifier for the RFQ*

controls, rfq, rf-amplifier, power-supply

3009

M.-H. Chun, K.-H. Park, I.H. Yu
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
J. Bahng
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
J.G. Hong, B.S. Lee, J.W. Ok, M. Won
Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
D.S. Kim, Y. Moon, M. Seo
Dawonsys, Siheung-City, Republic of Korea
Y.S. Lee
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Funding: Korea Basic Science Institute in Korea
The design of RF amplifier of 100 kW (CW) at 165MHz is studied for a Radio Frequency Quadruple (RFQ). The RFQ as a linear accelerator is used for acceleration of low energy beam to 500 keV/u at KBSI [1]. An RF amplifier is composed of a drive, an intermediate, and a final amplifier stage with power supplies. The intermediate amplifier (IPA) of 5 kW is designed with solid state amplifier modules, and the final amplifier is designed with a tetrode tube. The high voltage power supply for the tetrode provides the fine regulation of 15 kV at 10 A. The RF amplifier is operated by program logic controller (PLC) with interlocks, and a low level RF control for RFQ accelerator. This paper describes the present design study on the 100 kW RF amplifier.
"*" Supported by Korea Basic Science Institute in Korea

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WEPMN037

High Power Klystron Amplifiers for the PLS & PLS-II Storage Ring

klystron, storage-ring, cathode, high-voltage

3012

M.-H. Chun, Y.D. Joo, H.J. Park, I.S. Park, Y.U. Sohn, I.H. Yu
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning in Korea
The RF system of the Pohang Light Source-II (PLS-II) storage ring is operating at the 3.0 GeV/340 mA with three superconducting RF cavities. PLS-II RF system was upgraded to 3.0 GeV/400 mA (max.) beam storage from 2.5 GeV/ 200 mA of PLS. Each high power RF (HPRF) station is composed of a 300 kW klystron with power supplies, transmission components including a 350 kW circulator and load, and water cooling system. The klystrons are generally operated as a RF power source with high gain amplification for RF system of light sources. This paper describes the present operation status of 300 kW klystron amplifier and experiences of the former PLS 75 kW klystron amplifiers as well as RF system.
*Supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning in Korea

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WEPMN039

RF Accelerating Voltage of PLS-II Superconducting RF System for Stable Top-up Operation with Beam Current of 400 mA

vacuum, cavity, LLRF, injection

3015

Y.D. Joo, M.-H. Chun, T. Ha, I. Hwang, B.-J. Lee, I.S. Park, S. Shin, Y.U. Sohn, I.H. Yu
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea

During the beam store test up to 400 mA in the storage ring, it was observed that the vacuum pressure around the RF window of the superconducting cavity rapidly increases over the interlock level limiting the availability of the maximum beam current storing. We investigated the cause of the window vacuum pressure increment by studying the changes in the electric field distribution at the superconducting cavity and waveguide according to the beam current. An equivalent physical modeling was developed using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation and it revealed that the electric field amplitude at the RF window is exponentially increased as the beam current increases, thus this high electric field amplitude causes a RF breakdown at the RF window.

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WEPMN042

400 mA Beam Store with Superconducting RF Cavities at PLS-II

cavity, vacuum, SRF, cryomodule

3021

Y.U. Sohn, M.-H. Chun, T. Ha, M.S. Hong, Y.D. Joo, H.-S. Kang, H.-G. Kim, K.R. Kim, T.-Y. Lee, C.D. Park, H.J. Park, I.S. Park, S. Shin, I.H. Yu, J.C. Yun
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: Minister of Science, ICT and Future Planning
Three superconducting RF cavities were commissioned with electron beam in way of one by one during the last 3 years, and now PLS-II is in user service on the way of beam current to 400mA, the target of PLS-II. The cavities and cryomodules were prepared with SRF standard technology and procedures, then vertical test, windows conditioning, cryogenic test in each cryomodule, horizontal power test, conditioning, and commissioning without and with beam at PLS-II tunnel by collaboration with industries. All the cavities showed stable performances as good as not-observing any RF instability from cavities, couplers and windows up to 400 mA beam store, but observing several cavity quenches and minor vacuum bursts by abrupt power with control and human errors. The initial beam current for user run were recorded as 150 mA with one cavity, 280 mA with two cavities and 320 mA with three cavities. The 400 mA beam was also achieved with two cavities by decay mode and also with three cavities by top-up mode. The stabilities of RF amplitude and phase are good enough not to induce beam instabilities.

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WEPMN049

Calibration of the Acceleration Voltage of Six Normal Conducting Cavities at ALBA

cavity, synchrotron, coupling, pick-up

3036

B. Bravo, U. Iriso, J. Marcos, J.R. Ocampo, F. Pérez, A. Salom, P. Solans
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

ALBA is a 3Gev synchrotron light source located in Barcelona and operating with users since May 2012. The ALBA storage ring uses six room temperature cavities; each one fed by two 80kW IOTs amplifiers at 499.654 MHz. An accurate calibration of the RF voltage is required for the right adjustment of the beam synchronous phase. In addition, if the ring accommodates several RF cavities, these may not be optimally phased with respect to each other, complicating the calculation of the total RF voltage. In this paper, the steps to calibrate the accelerating voltage of the SR cavities will be presented and different methodologies to cross-check these calibrations.

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WEPMN071

Enhanced Diagnostic Systems for the Supervision of the Superconducting Circuits of the LHC

diagnostics, dipole, hardware, controls

3090

R. Denz, Z. Charifoulline, K. Dahlerup-Petersen, A.P. Siemko, J. Steckert
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Being an integral part of the protection system for the superconducting circuits of the LHC, the data acquisition systems used for the circuit supervision underwent a substantial upgrade during the first long shutdown of the LHC. The sampling rates and resolution of most of the acquired signals increased significantly. Newly added measurements channels like for the supervision of the quench heater circuits of the LHC main dipoles allow identifying specific fault states. All LHC main circuits are meanwhile equipped with earth voltage feelers allowing monitoring the electrical insulation strength, especially during the fast discharges. The protection system for the bus-bar splices is now capable to operate in different modes. By this measure, it is possible fulfilling the requirements for different specific tests like the warm bus-bar measurements and current stabilizer continuity measurements (CSCM) without field interventions.

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WEPMN072

Status and Planned Experiments of the Hiradmat Pulsed Beam Material Test Facility at CERN SPS

experiment, proton, target, electronics

3093

A. Fabich, N. Charitonidis, I. Efthymiopoulos, M. Meddahi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Gianfelice-Wendt
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: EuCARD-2 is co-funded by the partners and the European Commission under Capacities 7th Framework Programme, Grant Agreement 312453.
HiRadMat (High Irradiation to Materials) is a facility at CERN designed to provide high-intensity pulsed beams to an irradiation area where material samples as well as accelerator component assemblies (e.g. vacuum windows, shock tests on high power targets, collimators) can be tested. The beam parameters (SPS 440 GeV protons with a pulse energy of up to 3.4 MJ, or alternatively lead/argon ions at the proton equivalent energy) can be tuned to match the needs of each experiment. It is a test area designed to perform single pulse experiments to evaluate the effect of high-intensity pulsed beams on materials in a dedicated environment, excluding long-time irradiation studies. The facility is designed for a maximum number of 10¹⁶ protons per year, in order to limit the activation of the irradiated samples to acceptable levels for human intervention. This paper will demonstrate the possibilities for research using this facility and go through examples of upcoming experiments scheduled in the beam period 2015/2016.

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WEPHA004

Present Quality Assurance for the LHC Beam Vacuum System and its Future Improvement

vacuum, controls, cryogenics, status

3103

J. Sestak, V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi, P. Chiggiato
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During the Long Shutdown 1 (LS1), the LHC beam vacuum system was upgraded to minimize dynamic vacuum effects like stimulated desorption and beam-induced electron multipacting. A quality assurance plan was mandatory due to the demanding vacuum performance and the limited access to the equipment during the following operation period. Laboratory assessment tests and underground interventions were performed following well-defined and approved procedures. All vacuum related activities were documented and written reports stored in dedicated databases. Quality controls were performed to find mechanical, cabling and equipment functionality non-conformities. Possible issues were identified, classified and tracked in a non-conformity database for future corrective actions. This contribution give an overview of the quality assurance policy followed during the LS1 and the non-conformities reported after quality control. Possible future improvements are also discussed.

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WEPHA005

Characterization of the RF Fingers Contact Force for the LHC Warm Vacuum Bellow Modules

vacuum, impedance, alignment

3106

C. Blanch Gutiérrez, V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi, P. Chiggiato, R. Kersevan
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Along the 27 Km of LHC beam pipe, various types of vacuum bellow modules are needed to compensate the mechanical misalignments of the vacuum chambers during installation and to absorb their thermal expansion during the bake-out. In order to reduce the beam impedance during operation with beams these modules are equipped with RF bridges to carry the image current. They are usually made out of a copper tube insert at one side and Cu-Be RF fingers at the other end of the module. A spring is used to keep the contact between the RF fingers and the tube insert. The geometry and the choice of this spring become critical to ensure a good electrical contact. In this paper, a description of the test bench used to measure the contact force together with the procedure applied and the measurements performed are given. A summary of the maximum radial and axial offsets between the RF fingers and the insert tube while keeping a good electrical contact is presented.

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WEPHA017

Qualification of the Bypass Continuity of the Main Dipole Magnet Circuits of the LHC

dipole, controls, experiment, cryogenics

3141

S. Rowan, B. Auchmann, K. Brodzinski, Z. Charifoulline, B.I. Panev, F. Rodriguez-Mateos, I. Romera, R. Schmidt, A.P. Siemko, J. Steckert, H. Thiesen, A.P. Verweij, G.P. Willering
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
H. Pfeffer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The copper-stabilizer continuity measurement (CSCM) was devised in order to attain complete electrical qualification of all busbar joints, lyres, and the magnet bypass connections in the 13~kA circuits of the LHC. A CSCM is carried out at 20 K, i.e., just above the critical temperature, with resistive magnets. The circuit is then subject to an incremental series of controlled powering cycles, ultimately mimicking the decay from nominal current in the event of a magnet quench. A type test to prove the validity of such a procedure was carried out with success in April 2013, leading to the scheduling of a CSCM on all main dipole circuits up to and including 11.1 kA, i.e., the current equivalent of 6.5 TeV operation. This paper details the procedure, with respect to the type test, as well as the results and analyses of the LHC-wide qualification campaign.

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WEPHA023

Ferrite-tuner Development for 80 MHz Single-Cell RF-Cavity Using Orthogonally Biased Garnets

cavity, coupling, simulation, resonance

3159

C. Vollinger, F. Caspers
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In the frame of the LHC Injector Upgrade program involving the existing 80 MHz cavities in the CERN PS accelerator, an orthogonally biased ferrite tuner is foreseen to complement the current motor-driven piston tuner. This ferrite tuner shall provide the possibility of a fast frequency shift of about 200 kHz on the fundamental mode, to allow a fast switching between proton and ion frequencies. In order to avoid water cooling and related issues, the challenge was to bring magnetic losses in the tuner to a minimum such that a forced air cooling scheme will be sufficient. The tuner was first designed with simulation tools, a prototype was built and low-power RF testing was performed on the tuner-cavity combination to evaluate tuning range, bandwidth, and stability. These tests were carried out on a single-cell copper RF cavity mock-up with a resonance frequency of 88 MHz, where the ferrite tuner is connected via a tuning loop and the perpendicular magnetic bias for ferrite tuner is provided by a DC bias supply. Simulations and test data will be presented.

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WEPHA024

Preliminary Design of a Perpendicular Biased Ferrite Loaded Accelerating Cavity

cavity, simulation, resonance, factory

3163

J. Eberhardt, F. Caspers, C. Vollinger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A ferrite loaded accelerating cavity with a frequency sweep of 18 to 40 MHz is studied for a possible upgrade of the CERN accelerator complex. The resonance frequency of a ferrite loaded cavity shifts by applying an external magnetic bias field to the ferrite material by means of changing the relative permeability. We present the electromagnetic design of such a cavity with a special emphasis on the modeling of the nonlinear, anisotropic and dispersive characteristics of the ferrite’s relative permeability above magnetic saturation. For experimental crosscheck, a ferrite loaded resonant test setup was built which provides results for the material performance in a magnetic bias field. A comparison of numerical simulations and experimental measurements is shown and calculations are benchmarked by measurement data. Based on this study a preliminary design of a ferrite loaded accelerating cavity is described.

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WEPHA025

Design of a Variable X-band RF Power Splitter

network, impedance, polarization, scattering

3167

H. Zha, A. Grudiev, D. Gudkov, I. Syratchev
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The design of a two output ports, high power X-Band RF splitter with arbitrary split ratio is presented. This ratio is adjusted by mechanical changing the position a special RF short circuit piston. The piston is mounted on a step-motor providing the precise movement. Special measures were taken in the design to decrease the maximum electrical field on the cooper surface, as well as to maximise the bandwidth of the device. This splitter will be tested in the high power X-band test stand at CERN.

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WEPHA027

Solid State Amplifier Development for the Swiss Light Source

klystron, booster, storage-ring, power-supply

3170

M.A. Gaspar, T. Garvey
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Funding: We acknowledge the financial support of the Swiss Commission for Technology and Innovation under grant number 13192.1 PFFLM-IW.
The Paul Scherrer Institut currently operates a klystron amplifier on the booster ring of the Swiss Light Source (SLS). In order to have an optional RF source for the booster cavity, we have been developing a compact 500MHz – 65kW solid state RF amplifier. An important goal in this development is the optimization of efficiency at any given operating point. In order to achieve this, each RF module has been equipped with its own DC power supply (PS Controller), providing sufficient intelligence to adjust the drain and bias voltages in a fully independent and automatic way. With this technique it is possible to maximize the overall efficiency at any given RF output power. Considerable effort has been made in order to obtain extensive measurements from each individual module with the aim of investigating the behavior of such a large number of combined arrays. We will discuss the amplifier design and present the results of measurements.

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WEPHA028

Power Saving Status at NSSRC

controls, synchrotron, radiation, booster

3173

J.-C. Chang, W.S. Chan, Y.C. Chang, Y.F. Chiu, Y.-C. Chung, C.W. Hsu, K.C. Kuo, Y.-C. Lin, C.Y. Liu, Z.-D. Tsai, T.-S. Ueng
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Taiwan has completed the construction of the civil and utility system engineering of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) in 2014. The machine is in commission currently. The power consumption is much higher than ever. Currently, the contract power capacities of the Taiwan Light Source (TLS) and the TPS with the Taiwan Power Company (TPC) are 5.5 MW and 7.5 MW, respectively. The ultimate power consumption of the TPS is estimated about 12.5 MW. To cope with increasing power requirement in the near future, we have been conducting several power saving schemes, which include adjustment of supply air temperature according to the atmosphere enthalpy, replacement of old air conditioning unit (AHU), power consumption control by the operation of chillers, power factor improvement, and reduction of power consumption during long shutdown.

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WEPHA029

Operation of Both utility Systems of TPS and TLS at NSRRC

controls, storage-ring, instrumentation, distributed

3176

J.-C. Chang, W.S. Chan, Y.C. Chang, C.S. Chen, Y.F. Chiu, Y.-C. Chung, K.C. Kuo, Y.-C. Lin, C.Y. Liu, Y.-H. Liu, Z.-D. Tsai, T.-S. Ueng
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The construction of the utility system for the 3.0 GeV Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) was started in the end of 2009. The utility building for the TPS ring had been completed in the end of 2014. The final test and improvement had been completed in the end of 2014. The TPS is in commission and TLS is still in operation. Within limited manpower and budget, it is challenge to operate both utility systems stable and reliable. We provide good quality of electrical power, cooling water and precision air temperature. Power saving is also an important issue. The utility system presented in this paper includes the electrical power, cooling water, air conditioning, compressed air, and fire control systems.

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WEPHA032

Study on the LN2 Consumption of the Beamline Ln2 Transfer System for TPS Project*

controls, cryogenics, vacuum, superconducting-RF

3182

H.C. Li, W.S. Chan, S.-H. Chang, W.-S. Chiou, F. Z. Hsiao, W.R. Liao, T.F. Lin, H.H. Tsai
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

One system to transfer liquid nitrogen (LN2) will be installed at TPS in 2015 for beamline. This system includes two transfer lines (length 600 m), eight keep-full devices and 26 branch lines with 26 control valves for 24 straight sections of beam lines. The required consumption of LN2 for each beam line is 30 L/h. An archive system was developed to monitor and to calculate the consumption of LN2 for each beam line. This consumption was calculated based on the pressure difference and the flow coefficient (Kv) of the control valve. This paper presents the configuration of the LN2 supply system at NSRRC and a test bench of the calculation of LN2 consumption. A simple test result is presented and discussed.
Cryogenics

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WEPHA033

Electrical Power SCADA System of Taiwan Photon Source

status, real-time, controls, GUI

3185

T.-S. Ueng, W.S. Chan, J.-C. Chang, Y.F. Chiu, K.C. Kuo, Y.-C. Lin
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The architecture of power SCADA system of TPS and its monitored real time data are described in this report. The on-line monitored and measured items include voltage/current, real power/reactive power, power factor, harmonic distortion, etc. These data are presented in trend charts. The electric energy, the power quality and the harmonic distortion obtained with the SCADA system are used to study the status of the power system, and also provide information for the future improvement.

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WEPHA035

Development of an IGBT Pulser for TPS LTB Kicker

kicker, flattop, injection, booster

3191

C.L. Chen, H.-P. Chang, Y.-S. Cheng, C.-S. Fann, K.T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, K.-K. Lin, K.L. Tsai
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The TPS LTB injection kicker was first commissioned using PFN pulser equipped with thyratron switch. Although its bench-testing results fulfilled the specifications but the performance was degraded due to unavoidable integration difficulty. After evaluating a couple of improvement options in hand, a pulser using IGBT switch was chosen for off-the-bench beneficial purpose. The upgraded pulser satisfies the overall specifications with comfortable margins. Some major performance parameters such as flattop and tail ringing are emphasized concerning their influence on beam injection. This report describes the field-testing result of this IGBT pulser.

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WEPHA049

Demagnetize Booster Chamber in TPS

booster, vacuum, dipole, synchrotron

3225

I.C. Sheng, C.-T. Chen, C.K. Kuan, I.C. Yang
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) project starts its booster commissioning starts from August 2014. Few issues have been discovered and fixed. Since the booster aperture is relatively small and number of magnets is barely sufficient. Therefore extreme precise control of booster chamber alignment and the corresponding chamber permeability is as well important. In this paper, we present how the booster chamber is uninstalled, demagnetized and reinstalled within three weeks. This procedure is proven to result in the lowest booster chamber permeability in the world and a good high vacuum booster ring is built in 3 weeks.

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WEPHA051

Development of a Hybrid Power Supply and RF Transmission Line for SANAEM RFQ Accelerator

rfq, power-supply, proton, linac

3228

S. Ogur
Bogazici University, Bebek / Istanbul, Turkey
F. Ahiska
EPROM Electronic Project & Microwave Ind. and Trade Ltd. Co., Ankara, Turkey
A. Alacakir
SNRTC, Ankara, Turkey
G. Turemen
Ankara University, Faculty of Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
G. Unel
UCI, Irvine, California, USA

SANAEM Project Prometheus (SPP) has been building a proton beamline at MeV range. Its proton source, two solenoids, and a low energy diagnostic box have been already manufactured and installed. These are going to be followed by a 4-vane RFQ to be powered by two stage PSU. The first stage is a custom-built solid state amplifier providing 6 kW at 352.2 MHz operating frequency. The second stage, employing TH 595 tetrodes from Thales, will amplify this input to 160 kW in a short pulsed mode. The power transfer to the RFQ will be achieved by the means of a number of WR2300 full and half height waveguides, 3 1/8" rigid coaxial cables, joined by appropriate adapters and converters and by a custom design circulator. This paper summarizes the experience acquired during the design and the production of these components.

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WEPTY004

Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of a Wide Bandwidth Bipolar Power Supply for the Fast Correctors in the APS Upgrade Controller

power-supply, controls, simulation, feedback

3264

B. Song, J. Wang
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The APS Upgrade requires a fast bipolar power supply for the fast correction magnets. The performance requirement of the power supply includes a -3dB at 10 kHz small-signal bandwidth for the output current. This requirement presents a technical challenge to the design of the power circuit and the power supply regulator because the magnet load may have a significant inductance and make it difficult to achieve a high bandwidth for the current. In order to meet the requirement, different circuit topologies and regulators are being investigated. One of the candidate designs combines a standard H-bridge pulse-width modulation (PWM) circuit and a linear power amplifier to provide a ±15A DC current and an AC component up to 1% of the full scale with the required bandwidth. An appropriate feedback control loop and a current regulator are being designed. The mathematical modeling and simulation of the power circuit and the control loop are being conducted to prove the concept of the design. This paper presents the design of the circuit, mathematical modeling, and the simulation results.

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WEPTY023

LBNF 1.2 MW Target: Conceptual Design & Fabrication

target, vacuum, alignment, monitoring

3315

C.F. Crowley, K. Ammigan, K. Anderson, B.D. Hartsell, P. Hurh, J. Hylen, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Fermilab’s Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will utilize a modified design based on the NuMI low energy target that is reconfigured to accommodate beam operation at 1.2 MW. Achieving this power with a graphite target material and ancillary systems originally rated for 400 kW requires several design changes and R&D efforts related to material bonding and electrical isolation. Target cooling, structural design, and fabrication techniques must address higher stresses and heat loads that will be present during 1.2 MW operation, as the assembly will be subject to cyclic loads and thermal expansion. Mitigations must be balanced against compromises in neutrino yield. Beam monitoring and subsystem instrumentation will be updated and added to ensure confidence in target positioning and monitoring. Remote connection to the target hall support structure must provide for the eventual upgrade to a 2.4 MW target design, without producing excessive radioactive waste or unreasonable exposure to technicians during reconfiguration. Current designs and assembly layouts will be presented, in addition to current findings on processes and possibilities for prototype and final assembly fabrication.

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WEPTY025

LBNF Hadron Absorber: Mechanical Design and Analysis for 2.4MW Operation

hadron, shielding, gun, target

3318

B.D. Hartsell, K. Anderson, J. Hylen, V.I. Sidorov, S. Tariq
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Fermilab’s Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) requires an absorber, essentially a large beam dump consisting of actively cooled aluminum and steel blocks, at the end of the decay pipe to stop leftover beam particles and provide radiation protection to people and groundwater. At LBNF’s final beam power of 2.4 MW and assuming the worst case condition of a 204 m long helium filled decay pipe, the absorber is required to handle a heat load of about 750 kW. This results in significant thermal management challenges which have been mitigated by the addition of an aluminum ‘spoiler’ and ‘sculpting’ the central portion of the aluminum core blocks. These thermal effects induce structural stresses which can lead to fatigue and creep considerations. Various accident conditions are considered and safety systems are planned to monitor operation and any accident pulses. Results from these thermal and structural analyses will be presented as well as the mechanical design of the absorber. The design allows each of the core blocks to be remotely removed and replaced if necessary. A shielded remote handling structure is incorporated to hold the hadron monitor when it is removed from the beam.

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WEPTY026

Design of a Compact Fatigue Tester for Testing Irradiated Materials

vacuum, status, alignment, shielding

3321

B.D. Hartsell, M.R. Campbell, P. Hurh
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M.D. Fitton
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
T. Ishida, T. Nakadaira
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

A compact fatigue testing machine that can be easily inserted into a hot cell for characterization of irradiated materials is beneficial to help determine relative fatigue performance differences between new and irradiated material. Hot cell use has been carefully considered by limiting the size and weight of the machine, simplifying sample loading and test setup for operation via master-slave manipulator, and utilizing an efficient design to minimize maintenance. Funded from a US-Japan collaborative effort, the machine has been specifically designed to help characterize titanium material specimens. These specimens are flat cantilevered beams for initial studies, possibly utilizing samples irradiated at other sources of beam. The option to test spherically shaped samples cut from the T2K vacuum window is also available. The machine is able to test a sample to 10⁷ cycles in under a week, with options to count cycles and sense material failure. The design of this machine will be presented along with current status.

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WEPTY032

MICE Cavity Installation and Commissioning/Operation at MTA

cavity, instrumentation, solenoid, vacuum

3342

M.A. Leonova, M. Backfish, D.L. Bowring, A.V. Kochemirovskiy, A. Moretti, D.W. Peterson, M. Popovic, Y. Torun, K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
B.T. Freemire
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
C. Hunt
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
P.G. Lane
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
T.H. Luo
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
D.C. Speirs, C.G. Whyte
USTRAT/SUPA, Glasgow, United Kingdom
T. Stanley
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

A first electropolished 201-MHz RF cavity for the international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) has been assembled inside a special vacuum vessel and installed at the Fermilab's MuCool Test Area (MTA). The cavity and the MTA hall have been equipped with numerous instrumentation to characterize cavity operation. The cavity has been commissioned to run at 14 MV/m gradient with no external magnetic field; it is also being commissioned in presence of fringe field of a multi-Tesla superconducting solenoid magnet, the condition in which cavity modules will be operated in the MICE cooling channel. The assembly, installation and operation of the Single-Cavity Module gave valuable experience for operation of full-size modules at MICE.

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WEPTY033

A Concept for a High-field Helical Solenoid

solenoid, beam-cooling, alignment, dipole

3345

S. Krave, N. Andreev, R. Bossert, M.L. Lopes, J.C. Tompkins, R. Wands
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
G. Flanagan
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
K.E. Melconian
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

Funding: Fermi Research Alliance under DOE Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359
Helical cooling channels have been proposed for highly efficient 6D muon cooling to produce the required helical solenoidal, dipole, and gradient field components. The channel is divided into sections, each subsequent section with higher field. Simulations have shown that for the high-field sections the use of Nb3Sn superconductor is needed. A continuous winding method and novel stainless steel collaring system has been developed for use in the high field section of a helical cooling channel. Each collar layer is identical, for ease of fabrication, and assembled by both flipping and rotating the subsequent layers. Mechanical and magnetic simulations were performed using a combination of ANSYS and OPERA. The winding and collaring method has been demonstrated on a four coil prototype using a Nb3Sn Rutherford cable. Details of the mechanical design, magnetic modeling, and winding method are presented.

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WEPTY035

Design and Test of the Compact Tuner for Narrow Bandwidth SRF Cavities

cavity, cryogenics, SRF, vacuum

3352

Y.M. Pischalnikov, E. Borissov, I.V. Gonin, J.P. Holzbauer, T.N. Khabiboulline, W. Schappert, S.J. Smith, J.C. Yun
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract N. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with U.S. Department of Energy.
The design of the compact tuner for 1.3 GHz 9-cell elliptical cavity will be presented. This compact tuner is designed for future accelerators that will operate in CW and pulsed RF-power modes. The major design features include highly reliable active components (electromechanical actuators and piezo-actuators) and the ability to replace tuner active components through designated ports in the cryomodule vacuum vessel. Results of tuner testing with cold cavity will also be presented.

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WEPTY036

Progress at FNAL in the Field of the Active Resonance Control for Narrow Bandwidth SRF Cavities.

cavity, resonance, feedback, controls

3355

W. Schappert, J.P. Holzbauer, Y.M. Pischalnikov
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract N. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with U.S. Department of Energy.
Recent efforts at FNAL to actively compensate microphonics in narrow bandwidth cavities are discussed. Feed-forward compensation of Lorentz force detuning in combination with feedback of the forward/probe phase difference to a piezo actuator successfully stabilized the resonance of a 325 MHz spoke resonator to within 11 mHz of the frequency of the open-loop CW RF drive over a two hour interval.

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WEPTY042

Pulsed Power Systems for ESS Klystrons

klystron, high-voltage, electronics, neutron

3368

M.P.J. Gaudreau, M.K. Kempkes, I. Roth
Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
P.A. Dupire
Sigma Phi Electronics, Wissembourg, France
J.D. Holzmann
Sigmaphi, Vannes, France

Funding: DE-SC0004254
Under an SBIR from DOE, Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) has designed and built an advanced, high-voltage solid-state modulator for long pulse klystrons for ESS. In 2014, DTI, in partnership with SigmaPhi Electronics, received two contracts for production and installation of this design for ESS-class modulators, which will be used for the testing and conditioning of ESS klystron tubes and testing of RF components. This modulator design uses a hybrid configuration (solid state switch and pulse transformer) with an advanced switching regulator to maintain a very flat voltage into the klystron over multi-millisecond pulses. This paper will describe the design and testing of these modulators, and the status of their installation. The major development introduced in this design is that the millisecond-long pulses produce a droop voltage of about 10% with a reasonably-sized capacitor bank–much larger than the 1% droop required. To eliminate the droop without a large and expensive capacitor bank, the modulator uses a non-dissipative regulator.

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WEPTY051

Stripline Kicker for Integrable Optics Test Accelerator

kicker, impedance, proton, electron

3390

S. A. Antipov
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
A. Didenko, V.A. Lebedev, A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
We present a design of a stripline kicker for Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA). For its experimental program IOTA needs two full-aperture kickers, capable to create an arbitrary controllable kick in 2D. For that reason their strengths are variable in a wide range of amplitudes up to 16 mrad, and the pulse length 100 ns is less than a revolution period for electrons. In addition, the kicker has a physical aperture of 40 mm for a proposed operation with proton beam, and an outer size of 70 mm to fit inside existing quadrupole magnets to save space in the ring. Computer simulations using CST Microwave Studio show high field uniformity and wave impedance close to 50 Ω.

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WEPTY055

Installation and Commissioning of the MICE RF Module Prototype

cavity, vacuum, Windows, coupling

3395

Y. Torun, P.G. Lane
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illlinois, USA
T.G. Anderson, D.L. Bowring, M. Chung, J.H. Gaynier, M.A. Leonova, A. Moretti, R.J. Pasquinelli, D.W. Peterson, R.P. Schultz
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
A.J. DeMello, D. Li, S.P. Virostek
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
L. Somaschini
INFN-Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Funding: Supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science through the Muon Accelerator Program.
A special vacuum vessel prototype was built to house the first production 201 MHz RF cavity for the International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE). The resulting prototype RF module has been assembled, instrumented, installed and commissioned at Fermilab's MuCool Test Area and the effort has provided valuable experience for the design of modules that will be used in the cooling channel for the experiment.

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WEPTY057

Adaptable Machine Protection Architecture for CW, High Intensity Accelerators

database, framework, network, real-time

3402

S. Assadi
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

Funding: Work is partially supported by grants from the State of Texas (ASE) & the Michelle foundation
An adaptable architecture of a machine protection system (MPS) suitable for continuous wave (cw), high intensity accelerators like those proposed for Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) for subcritical reactor strategies and heavy ion accelerators for the production of rare isotopes is presented. A system of databases, networks and nodes that can systematically and flexibly be reconfigured to rebalance the required metadata is used. Additional features include reconfigurable machine setup templates that can rigorously be tested with mirror redundant online backups, the utilization of external reconfigurable geometric algorithms for the data channels and the network distribution, and the inclusion of initial system requirements as well as envisioned upgrades.

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WEPTY058

Diagnostics for High Power CW Accelerators

diagnostics, lattice, controls, software

3405

S. Assadi
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

Funding: Work is partially supported by grants from the State of Texas (ASE) & the Michelle foundation
High power, continuous wave (cw) accelerators are proposed for applications such as Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) for subcritical reactor strategies and heavy ion accelerators for the production of rare isotopes. Because of the high beam powers and high energy loss with beam interception of material, the beam diagnostic designs are necessarily shifting to non-intercepting, real-time feedback devices that can be fully integrated with the accelerator machine protection system (MPS) and operation control system including online models. Appropriate for these applications, three types of beam diagnostics (lanthanum bromide scintillation coincidence detectors, GaN neutron and gamma detectors, and beam position monitors) are presented.

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WEPTY060

Virtual Welding as a Tool for Superconducting Cavity Coarse Tuning

cavity, electron, target, proton

3412

A. Facco, C. Compton, J. Popielarski, G.J. Velianoff
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
Reaching the final frequency in the construction of Superconducting Half-Wave Resonators (HWR), either coaxial or spoke, is often a painful and time consuming process which requires several intermediate frequency tests and parts machining between subsequent welding steps. In spite of that, the final frequency error after final welding is often far from the target due to difficult to predict material contraction and cavity deformation induced by electron beam welding (EBW). Final coarse tuning is required by plastic deformation or differential etching. In coaxial HWR, both can decrease the cavity frequency but are not easily suitable to increase it. A novel method developed at MSU is “virtual” welding, i.e. deformation of the cavity shape by applying systematically EBW on the cavity outer surface to induce controlled Nb material contraction in strategic positions. This technique allows to increase the cavity frequency with excellent precision and predictability, thus simplifying and making less expensive and more reliable HWR coarse tuning. Method and experimental results will be described and discussed.

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WEPTY066

T-Maps Taken During Cool-down of an SRF cavity: a Tool to Understand Flux Trapping

cavity, SRF, superconductivity, data-analysis

3431

R.G. Eichhorn, F. Furuta, G.M. Ge
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

During the past years the impact of cool-down procedures on the flux trapping properties of superconducting cavities have been under investigation. We have measured temperature distributions of a multi-cell cavity using a T-map set-up to understand the transition to superconductivity in detail. We will report how the spatial disorder is affected by the cool-down speed and relate our findings to data on flux pinning.

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WEPTY071

Time Resolved Cryogenic Cooling Analysis of the Cornell Injector Cryomodule

HOM, simulation, cryogenics, impedance

3443

R.G. Eichhorn, S.R. Markham, P. Quigley, E.N. Smith
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Managing parallel cryogenic flows has become a key challenge in designing efficient and smart cryo-modules for particle accelerators. In analyzing the heating dynamics of the cornell high current injector module a power-full computational tool has been set-up allowing time resolved analysis and optimization. We will describe the computational methods and data sets we have used, report the results and compare them to measured data from the module being in good agreement. Mitigation strategies developed on basis of this model have helped pushing the operational limitations.

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WEPTY072

Update on Nitrogen-doped 9-cell Cavity Performance in the Cornell Horizontal Test Cryomodule

cavity, cryomodule, linac, SRF

3446

D. Gonnella, R.G. Eichhorn, F. Furuta, G.M. Ge, D.L. Hall, Y. He, K.M.V. Ho, G.H. Hoffstaetter, M. Liepe, J.T. Maniscalco, T.I. O'Connel, S. Posen, P. Quigley, J. Sears, V. Veshcherevich
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
A. Grassellino, C.J. Grimm, O.S. Melnychuk, A. Romanenko
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: U.S. Department of Energy
The Linac Coherent Light Source-II (LCLS-II) is a new x-ray source that is planned to be constructed in the existing SLAC tunnel. To meet the quality factor specifications (2.7x 10¹⁰ at 2.0 K and 16 MV/m), nitrogen-doping has been proposed as a preparation method for the SRF cavities. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of these goals, four 9-cell cavity tests have been completed in the Cornell Horizontal Test Cryomodule (HTC), which serves as a test bench for the full LCLS-II cryomodule. Here we report on the most recent two cavity tests in the HTC: one cavity nitrogen-doped at Cornell and tested with high Q input coupler and then again tested with high power LCLS-II input coupler. Transition to test in horizontal cryomodule resulted in no degradation in Q0 from vertical test. Additionally, increased dissipated power due to the high power input coupler was small and in good agreement with simulations. These results represent a crucial step on the way to demonstrating technical readiness for LCLS-II.

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WEPTY076

RF Performance Studies of Thin-Film Superconductors Using a Sample Host Cavity

cavity, niobium, SRF, background

3462

J.T. Maniscalco, D.L. Hall, M. Liepe
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Thin-film superconductors have the potential for reduced cost and for improved SRF performance over traditional bulk niobium superconducting cavities. Materials such as Nb3Sn, multilayer NbN/MgO, and thin-film Nb are currently under investigation for cost reduction or possible improvements in RF losses and accelerating gradients. Due to the complex geometries of traditional RF cavities, it is preferable to use a sample host cavity to study flat samples of the novel materials. The Cornell sample host cavity has been commissioned and has now reached peak magnetic surface fields of 100 mT. We present updates on the recent performance of the cavity.

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WEPTY078

High Q0 at Medium Fields in Nb3Sn SRF Cavities at 4.2 K

cavity, niobium, cryogenics, SRF

3467

S. Posen, D.L. Hall, M. Liepe
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
Th. Proslier
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Nb3Sn has proven itself to be a very promising alternative SRF material. With twice the critical temperature of niobium cavities, 1.3 GHz Nb3Sn cavities can achieve quality factors on the order of 10¹⁰ even at 4.2 K, significantly reducing cryogenic infrastructure and operational costs. In addition, its large predicted superheating field may allow for maximum accelerating gradients up to twice that of niobium for high energy applications. In this work, we report on new cavity results from the Cornell Nb3Sn SRF program demonstrating a significant improvement in the maximum field achieved with high Q0 in a Nb3Sn cavity. At 4.2 K, accelerating gradients above 16 MV/m were obtained with Q0 of 8x10⁹, showing the potential of this material for future applications. In addition to this result, current limitations are discussed.

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WEPWI005

Novel Approach to Variable Voltage Substation Protection

controls, monitoring, simulation, pick-up

3496

M.Y. Mehtabuddin, C. Jach, S. Olek
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Conventional electrical system protection of variable voltage substations(medium voltage rated) of using fuses and phase overcurrent and/or phase time overcurrent protection is not adequate. This was evident from the recent variable voltage substation (VVS) electrical fire at SLAC. Using information obtained from the fire investigation, ETAP simulations, and event reports of the faults which led to the fire, SLAC put into action a fast, feasible, and economical relay protection plan into adequately protecting VVS until long term plan of replacements is implemented. The plan utilizes the existing microprocessor protection relays on the upstream vacuum breakers and included the following adjustments: Adjusting the long time overcurrent according to the de-rated cable ampacities, dual-fed arc flash fault protection, adding negative sequence settings and relay control logic to allow for two sets of settings for inrush mode and normal mode.

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WEPWI007

TTF3 Power Coupler Thermal Analysis for LCLS-II CW Operation

simulation, cavity, SRF, resonance

3503

L. Xiao, C. Adolphsen, Z. Li, C.D. Nantista, T.O. Raubenheimer
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
I.V. Gonin, N. Solyak
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The TESLA 9-cell SRF cavity design has been adopted for use in the LCLS-II SRF Linac. Its TTF3 coaxial Fundamental Power Coupler (FPC), developed for pulsed operation in the European XFEL and ILC, requires modest changes to make it suitable for LCLS-II CW operation, in which it must be able to handle up to 7 kW of average power with the maximum temperature rise not to exceed 150 C. In order to improve TTF3 FPC cooling, an increased copper plating thickness will be used on the inner and outer conductor stainless steel RF surfaces. Fully 3D FPC thermal analysis with copper plating was performed using the SLAC developed parallel finite element code suite ACE3P with integrated electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical multi-physics simulation capabilities. In this paper, we present TTF3 FPC thermal analysis simulation results obtained using ACE3P as well as a comparison with measurement results.

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WEPWI042

A Table-Top Alpha-Magnet

vacuum, power-supply, experiment, collimation

3584

A.V. Smirnov, R.B. Agustsson, T.J. Campese, Y.C. Chen, J.J. Hartzell, F.H. O'Shea, E. Spranza
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA

Funding: Department of Energy, contract# DE- SC-FOA-0000760
A compact electromagnetic alpha-magnet design, engineering, and operation are presented. Initially the magnet has been designed for a low-energy, laser-free, coherent Cherenkov THz-sub-THz source. The source is designed and engineered in RadiaBeam in collaboration with ANL and integrated into the Injector Test Stand (ITS) of the Advanced Photon Source. The magnet having 15 cm depth, 14” height, and up to 4 T/m gradient features a rectangular yoke, two on-axis coils, and substantially truncated, partially non-hyperbolic poles. The tapered vacuum chamber for the magnet includes a motorized scraper and means of optical control. The novel and inexpensive design can be applied in relatively small, a few MeV facilities, where weight and dimensions are limited including free electron lasers, far infrared sources, inverse Compton sources of ultra-bright hard X-rays, as well as beam instrumentation for microbunching and phase-space manipulation (e.g., magnetic compression combined with round-to-flat beam transformation).

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WEPWI052

Commissioning and Early Operation Experience of the NSLS-II Storage Ring RF System

cavity, synchrotron, storage-ring, klystron

3606

F. Gao, J. Cupolo, P. Davila, T. Dilgen, W.K. Gash, B. Holub, J.G. Kulpin, J. Papu, G. Ramirez, V. Ravindranath, B. Rose, J. Rose, R. Sikora, J. Tagger, M. Yeddulla
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) is a 3 GeV X-ray user facility commissioned in 2014. The storage ring RF system, essential for replenishing energy loss per turn of the electrons, consists of digital low level RF controllers, 310 kW CW klystron transmitters, CESR-B type superconducting cavities, as well as a supporting cryogenic system. Here we will report on RF commissioning and early operation experience of the system for beam current up to 200 mA.

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WEPWI055

Commissioning and Early Operation for the NSLS-II Booster RF System

booster, cavity, extraction, synchrotron

3615

C. Marques, J. Cupolo, P. Davila, F. Gao, A. Goel, B. Holub, J.G. Kulpin, K. McDonald, J. Oliva, J. Papu, G. Ramirez, J. Rose, R. Sikora, C. Sorrentino, N.A. Towne
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-SC0012704.
The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a third generation 3GeV, 500mA synchrotron light source. We discuss the booster synchrotron RF system responsible for providing power to accelerate an electron beam from 200MeV to 3GeV. The RF system design and construction are complete and is currently in the operational phase of the NSLS-II project. Preliminary operational data is also discussed.

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WEPWI056

A Number of Upgrades on RHIC Power Supply System

power-supply, controls, collider, superconducting-magnet

3618

C. Mi, D. Bruno, A. Di Lieto, J. Drozd, G. Heppner, T. Nolan, F. Orsatti, T. Samms, J. Sandberg, C. Schultheiss, R. Zapasek
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
This year marks the 15th run for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Operation of a reliable superconducting magnet power supply system is a key factor of accelerator’s performance. Over the past 15 of years, the RHIC power supply system has been made many improvements to increase the machine availability and reduce failures. During these past 15 years of operating RHIC a lot of problems have been solved or addressed. In this paper some of the essential upgrades/improvements are discussed.

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WEPWI057

A New Bipolar qtrim Power Supply System

power-supply, controls, interface, quadrupole

3621

C. Mi, D. Bruno, A. Di Lieto, J. Drozd, G. Heppner, T. Nolan, F. Orsatti, T. Samms, J. Sandberg, C. Schultheiss, R. Zapasek
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
This year marks the 15th run of RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) operations. The reliability of superconducting magnet power supplies is one of the essential factors in the entire accelerator complex. Besides maintaining existing power supplies and their associated equipment, newly designed systems are also required based on the physicist’s latest requirements. A bipolar power supply was required for this year’s main quadrupole trim power supply. This paper will explain the design, prototype, testing, installation and operation of this recently installed power supply system.

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WEPWI058

The NSLS-II RF Cryogenic System

cavity, controls, cryogenics, PLC

3624

J. Rose, T. Dilgen, W.K. Gash, J. Gosman, J. Papu, R. Sikora
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
Y. Jia
Linde BOC Process Plants LLC, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
C.M. Monroe
Monroe Brothers Ltd., Moreton-in-Marsh, United Kingdom
V. Ravindranath
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
H. Wilhelm
Linde Kryotechnik AG, Pfungen, Switzerland

Funding: Work supported by DOE contract DE-SC0012704
The National Synchrotron Light Source II is a 3 GeV X-ray user facility commissioned in 2014. A new helium refrigerator system has been installed and commissioned to support the superconducting RF cavities in the storage ring. Special care was taken to provide very stable helium and LN2 pressures and flow rates to minimize microphonics and thermal effects at the cavities. Details of the system design along with commissioning and early operations data will be presented.

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THXB1

CEBAF SRF Performance during Initial 12 GeV Commissioning

cryomodule, controls, cavity, klystron

3638

R. Bachimanchi, T.L. Allison, E. Daly, M.A. Drury, C. Hovater, G.E. Lahti, C.I. Mounts, R.M. Nelson, T. E. Plawski
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) energy upgrade from 6 GeV to 12 GeV includes the installation of eleven new 100 MV cryomodules (88 cavities). The superconducting RF cavities are designed to operate CW at an accelerating gradient of 19.3 MV/m with a QL of 3×107. Not all the cavities were operated at the minimum gradient of 19.3 MV/m with the beam. Though the initial 12 GeV milestones were achieved during the initial commissioning of CEBAF, there are still some issues to be addressed for long term reliable operation of these modules. This paper reports the operational experiences during the initial commissioning and the path forward to improve the performance of C100 (100 MV) modules.

Slides THXB1 [5.595 MB]

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THXB2

Crab Cavities: Past, Present, and Future of a Challenging Device

cavity, luminosity, collider, HOM

3643

Q. Wu
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with LARP and the U.S. Department of Energy and EU FP7 HiLumi LHC - Grant Agreement 284404
In two-ring facilities operating with a crossing angle collision scheme, the luminosity can be limited due to incomplete overlap of the colliding bunches. Crab cavities are introduced to restore head-on collisions by providing destined opposite deflection to the head and tail of the bunch. Luminosity increase has been demonstrated at KEKB with global crab crossing, and the Large Hardron Collider (LHC) at CERN is currently designing local crab crossing for the Hi-Lumi upgrade. Future colliders may investigate both approaches. This paper reviews the challenges in the technology and implementation of crab cavities, discusses experience in past colliders, ongoing R&D and proposed implementations for future facilities such as HL-LHC, CLIC, ILC, and eRHIC/MEIC.

Slides THXB2 [4.307 MB]

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THYC2

Recent Trends in Beam Size Measurements using the Spatial Coherence of Visible Synchrotron Radiation

synchrotron, optics, radiation, photon

3662

T.M. Mitsuhashi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The optical method of measuring the transverse beam profile and size using visible synchrotron radiation (SR) began with simple imaging systems. The resolution was limited by both the diffraction and the wavefront error making it difficult to resolve beam sizes less than 50 μm. Instead of imaging, a method for measuring the beam profile and size using the spatial coherence was introduced. The method is based on Van Cittert-Zernike’s theorem, and can resolve 4-5 μm beam sizes with an error of only 0.5 μm. In this presentation, the principle of the measurement, the SR interferometer design, and some resent measurement results are reviewed. The incoherent field depth effect for the horizontal beam size measurement is also described with some results. Design study calculations for the SR interferometer at the LHC will be presented.

Slides THYC2 [2.629 MB]

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THSMS2

50th Anniversary: Accelerator Conferences in the U.S.

plasma, linac, site, FEL

3668

S.O. Schriber
SOS, Eagle, Idaho, USA

50th Anniversary: Accelerator Conferences in the U.S.

Slides THSMS2 [1.063 MB]

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THPF008

U²⁸⁺ Intensity Record Applying a H2-Gas Stripper Cell

target, ion, heavy-ion, acceleration

3693

W.A. Barth, A. Adonin, Ch.E. Düllmann, M. Heilmann, R. Hollinger, E. Jäger, J. Khuyagbaatar, J. Krier, H. Vormann, A. Yakushev
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
P. Scharrer
HIM, Mainz, Germany

Meeting the FAIR science requirements higher beam intensity has to be achieved in the present GSI-accelerator complex. An advanced upgrade program for the UNILAC aimed to meet the FAIR requirements. Stripping is a key technology for all heavy ion accelerators. For this an extensive research and development program was carried out to optimize for high brilliance heavy ion operation. After upgrade of the supersonic N2-gas jet, implementation of high current foil stripping and preliminary investigation of H2 gas jet operation, recently a newly developed H2 gas cell uses a pulsed gas regime synchronized with arrival of the beam pulse. An obviously enhanced stripper gas density as well as a simultaneously reduced gas load for the pumping system result in an increased stripping efficiency, while the beam emittance remains the same. A new record intensity (7.8 emA) for U²⁸⁺ beams at 1.4 MeV/u has been achieved applying the pulsed high density H2 stripper target, while the MeVVa ion source with a newly developed extraction system delivered a high intensity U⁴⁺ beam. The experimental results will be presented in detail.

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THPF009

Pumping Properties of Cryogenic Surfaces in SIS100

cryogenics, vacuum, simulation, background

3696

L.H.J. Bozyk, O.K. Kester, P.J. Spiller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
F. Chill, O.K. Kester
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Funding: Work supported by Hic4Fair and BMBF (FKZ:05P12RDRBK).
The synchrotron SIS100 of the planned FAIR facility will provide heavy ion beams of highest intensities. The required low charge states are subject to enhanced charge exchange processes in collisions with residual gas molecules. Therefore, highest vacuum quality is crucial for a reliable operation and minimal beam loss. The generation of the required low gas densities relies on the pumping capabilities of the cryogenic beam pipe walls. Most typical gas components in ultra high vacuum are bound by cryocondensation at LHe temperatures, resulting in ultimate low pressures with almost infinite pumping capacity. Hydrogen can not be crycondensated to acceptable low pressures. But if the surface coverage is sufficiently low, it can get bound by cryoadsorption. The pumping capabilities of cryogenic walls for Hydrogen have been investigated for SIS100-like conditions. The measurement results have been used in dynamic vacuum simulations at heavy ion operation. The simulation results are presented.

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THPF013

UNILAC Proton Injector Operation for FAIR

proton, cavity, ion, linac

3709

M. Heilmann, A. Adonin, S. Appel, W.A. Barth, P. Gerhard, F. Heymach, R. Hollinger, W. Vinzenz, H. Vormann, S. Yaramyshev
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
W.A. Barth
HIM, Mainz, Germany

The pbar physics program at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) requires a high number of cooled pbars per hour. The FAIR proton injector with coupled CH-cavities will provide for a high intensity (35 mA) pulsed 70 MeV proton beam at a repetition rate of 4 Hz. The recent heavy ion UNIversal Linear Accelerator (UNILAC) at GSI is able to deliver proton as well as heavy ion beams for injection into the FAIR-synchrotrons. Recently GSI UNILAC could provide for a two orders of magnitude higher proton beam current in routine operation. A hydrocarbon beam (CH3) from the MUCIS ion source was accelerated inside High Current Injector and cracked in a supersonic nitrogen gas jet into stripped protons and carbon ions. A new proton beam intensities record (3 mA) could be achieved during machine experiments in October 2014. Potentially up to 25% of the FAIR proton beam performance is achievable at a maximum UNILAC beam energy of 20 MeV and a repetition rate of 4 Hz. The UNILAC can be used as a high performance proton injector for initial FAIR-commissioning and as a redundant option for the first FAIR-experiments.

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THPF019

Status and First Measurement Results for a High Gradient CH-Cavity

cavity, linac, ion, resonance

3724

A. Almomani, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Funding: BMBF, contract no. 05P12RFRB9
This pulsed linac activity aims on compact designs and on a considerable increase of the voltage gain per meter. A high gradient CH-cavity operated at 325 MHz was developed at IAP-Frankfurt. The mean effective accelerating field for this cavity is expected well above 10 MV/m at β = 0.164. This cavity is developed within a funded project. The results might influence the rebuilt of the UNILAC-Alvarez section, aiming to achieve the beam intensities specified for the GSI - FAIR project (15 mA U²⁸⁺). Another motivation is the development of an efficient pulsed ion accelerator for significantly higher energies like 60 AMeV. The new GSI 3 MW Thales klystron test stand will be used for the cavity RF power tests. Detailed studies on two different types of copper plating will be performed with this cavity.

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THPF021

Structural, Mechanical and RF Measurements on the Superconducting 217 MHz CH Cavity for the CW Demonstrator at GSI

cavity, simulation, resonance, niobium

3730

F.D. Dziuba, M. Amberg, M. Basten, M. Busch, H. Podlech
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
M. Amberg, K. Aulenbacher, W.A. Barth, S. Mickat
HIM, Mainz, Germany
K. Aulenbacher
IKP, Mainz, Germany
W.A. Barth, S. Mickat
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: Work supported by HIM, GSI, BMBF Contr. No. 05P12RFRBL
Together with the new horizontal cryomodule and two superconducting (sc) 9.5 T solenoids the sc 217 MHz Crossbar-H-mode (CH) cavity represents the continuous wave (cw) demonstrator and brings sc rf technology to GSI. A reliable operability of the sc CH cavity is one major goal of the demonstrator project. Furthermore, the successful beam operation of the demonstrator will be a milestone on the way to a new sc cw linac at GSI for a competitive production of Super Heavy Elements (SHE) in the future. The production of the cryomodule and the solenoids is almost finished while the cavity has been completed except for the helium vessel. In this paper structural mechanical as well as related rf measurements on the sc 217 MHz CH cavity are presented.

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THPF022

Design of the 325 MHz 4-Rod RFQ for the FAIR Proton Linac

rfq, dipole, simulation, higher-order-mode

3733

B. Koubek, H. Podlech, A. Schempp
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Investigations on the 325 MHz 4-rod RFQ prototype for the FAIR proton linac have confirmed the feasibility of a 4-rod RFQ to work at frequencies above 300 MHz. This RFQ will accelerate protons from 95 keV to 3 MeV within a length of 3.3 m and will be powered by a 2.5 MW klystron. The mechanical and rf design of this RFQ are presented in this paper.

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THPF033

The First Operation of 56 MHz SRF Cavity in RHIC

cavity, HOM, SRF, cryomodule

3767

Q. Wu, S.A. Belomestnykh, I. Ben-Zvi, M. Blaskiewicz, L. DeSanto, D. Goldberg, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, G.T. McIntyre, K. Mernick, P. Orfin, S.K. Seberg, F. Severino, K.S. Smith, R. Than, A. Zaltsman
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
A 56 MHz superconducting RF cavity has been designed, fabricated and installed in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The cavity operated at 4.4 K with a “quiet helium source” to isolate the cavity from environmental acoustic noise. The cavity is a beam driven quarter wave resonator. It is detuned and damped during injection and acceleration cycles and is brought to operation only at store energy. For a first test operation, the cavity voltage was stabilized at 300 kV with full beam current. Within both Au + Au and asymmetrical Au + He3 collisions, luminosity improvement was detected from direct measurement, and the hourglass effect was reduced. One higher order mode (HOM) coupler was installed on the cavity. We report in this paper on our measurement of a broadband HOM spectrum excited by the Au beam.

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THPF039

Stability Studies for J-PARC Linac Upgrade to 50 mA/400 MeV

linac, lattice, emittance, simulation

3785

Y. Liu, T. Maruta
KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
K. Futatsukawa, T. Miyao
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Ikegami
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
A. Miura
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

J-PARC linac applies the Equi-partitioning (EP) setting as the base-line design. And it is the first machine to adopt this approach at the design stage. EP condition is a natural solution for avoiding emittance exchange between transverse and longitudinal planes. At J-PARC linac it is also possible to explore off-EP settings. One of the motivations could be a lattice with relaxed envelope for mitigating the intra-beam stripping (IBSt) effects in high current H⁻ beam. During and after the energy upgrade in Jan., 2014 and beam current upgrade in Oct., 2014, experiments were carried out to study the stability and emittance evolution for the EP and off-EP settings with high current H⁻ beam at J-PARC linac for better choices of lattice and better understanding.

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THPF043

Preliminary Studies of Laser-assisted H⁻ Stripping at 400 MeV

laser, injection, proton, experiment

3795

P.K. Saha, H. Harada, M. Kinsho, T. Maruta, K. Okabe, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
T.V. Gorlov
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
Y. Irie
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Conventional H⁻ stripping injection by using solid stripper foils in high intensity accelerators has many limitations concerning foil scattering beam losses, short lifetime of the foil including unexpected and rapid foil failure due to overheating of the foil. It is not only an issue for reliable machine operation but also for facility maintenance. In the 3-GeV RCS of J-PARC, the residual radiation level is extremely high not only near the injection area but also the used foil itself including the foil holder even at the present operation with one third of the designed 1 MW beam power. As an alternate method, later-assisted stripping of 1 GeV H⁻ beam has been intensively studied at SNS in Oak Ridge. The preparation for the next experiment is underway to demonstrate a three orders of magnitude improvement as compared to the earlier experiment. It is important to extend these studies for the lower H⁻ beam energies. In the same framework as in the SNS, laser stripping for the J-PARC H⁻ beam energy of 400 MeV has been studied in the present work. The real challenges and feasibilities at this lower energy are discussed in this paper.

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THPF044

Status of the J-PARC 3 GeV RCS

injection, linac, vacuum, radiation

3798

M. Kinsho
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

Beam injection energy of the RCS in J-PARC was increased from 181 MeV to 400 MeV, and user operation with beam energy of 300 kW for both the MLF and the MR was performed with high availability from February to Jun in 2014. Beam losses during beam injection period was decreased by reduction of space charge effect due to increase of beam injection energy. Since an ion source and an RFQ of the LINAC are replaced to realize 1 MW beam power at the RCS in summer maintenance period, injection beam peak current was increased from 30 mA to 50 mA. User operation was restarted from November with beam power of 300 kW. The beam power for user operation will be gradually increased after getting radiation safety permission from government. High intensity beam study was also performed and it was successfully to accelerate beam of 770 kW equivalent without beam loss except foil scattering loss. In this beam study it was cleared issues to realize 1MW operation in the RCS. Status of user operation and issues to realize high power operation in the RCS are presented.

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THPF055

Status of the Superconducting Cavity Development at IHEP for the CADS Linac

cavity, linac, SRF, proton

3824

F.S. He, J.P. Dai, J. Dai, X. Huang, L.H. Li, Z.Q. Li, Q. Ma, Z.H. Mi, B. Ni, W.M. Pan, X.H. Peng, T. Qi, P. Sha, G.W. Wang, Q.Y. Wang, Z. Xue, X.Y. Zhang, G.Y. Zhao
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
H. Huang, H.Y. Lin
Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

IHEP (Institute of High Energy Physics) is developing a CW 10MeV proton injector and part of the 25MeV main linac for the CADS project. 14 SRF (superconducting radio frequency) spoke-012 cavities for the injector, as well as 6 SRF spoke-021 cavities for the main linac are to be beam commissioned before middle of 2016; meanwhile, VT (vertical test) of two more types of prototype cavities are to be finished with 2015, for the future phases of the project. In this paper, the VT statistics of 10 spoke012 cavities, 4 spoke021 cavities, and a 5-cell β0.82 elliptical cavity are reported; the cavity performance during beam commissioning of the TCM (test cryomodule) is reported as well.

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THPF082

Considerations on the Fast Pulsed Magnet Systems for the 2 GeV Beam Transfer from the CERN PSB to PS

kicker, injection, extraction, proton

3876

T. Kramer, J.L. Abelleira, W. Bartmann, J. Borburgh, L. Ducimetière, L.M.C. Feliciano, B. Goddard, L. Sermeus
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Within the scope of the LIU project the CERN PS Booster to PS beam transfer will be modified to match the requirements for the future 2 GeV proton beam energy upgrade. The paper describes considerations on the PSB extraction and recombination kickers as well as on the injection kicker(s) into the PS. Different schemes of an injection into the PS have been outlined in the past and are reviewed under the aspect of individual transfer kicker rise and fall time performances. Recent measurements on the recombination kickers are presented and subsequently homogenous rise and fall time requirements in the whole PSB to PS transfer chain are presented. The baseline option for the PS injection kicker(s) is outlined and compared to the previously presented concepts.

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THPF087

New Shaving Scheme for Low-Intensity Beams in the CERN PS Booster and Feasibility at 160 MeV

emittance, booster, closed-orbit, simulation

3893

M. Kowalska, E. Benedetto, V. Forte, B. Mikulec, G. Rumolo
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
V. Forte
Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
M. Kowalska
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

The PS Booster is the first synchrotron in the CERN proton accelerator chain, serving all downstream machines. As part of the LHC Injector Upgrade Project, the PSB injection energy will increase from 50 MeV to 160 MeV and a new H⁻ charge-exchange injection scheme will be implemented. Beam losses are a concern due to the increased injection energy, and mitigation scenarios are under investigation. On the other hand it is desirable for low-intensity beams to have the possibility to precisely tailor sub-micron beam emittances through controlled scraping (transverse shaving process) towards a suitable aperture restriction. Challenges are the higher activation potential of the beam and the smaller transverse beam sizes around 160 MeV as compared to 63 MeV, at which the shaving is presently done. This paper describes the proposal of a new shaving scheme, more robust with respect to the steering errors and the choice of the working point, which localizes the scraping losses on the main PS Booster aperture restriction. The robustness of the new method, together with the results of simulations and measurements are discussed for the current (50 MeV) and future (160 MeV) situation.

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THPF091

Detailed Studies of Beam Induced Scrubbing in the CERN-SPS

electron, injection, proton, emittance

3908

G. Iadarola, H. Bartosik, T. Bohl, B. Goddard, G. Kotzian, K.S.B. Li, L. Mether, G. Rumolo, M. Schenk, E.N. Shaposhnikova, M. Taborelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) program, it is foreseen to take all the necessary measures to avoid electron cloud effects in the CERN-SPS. This can be achieved by either relying on beam induced scrubbing or by coating the vacuum chambers with intrinsically low Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) material over a large fraction of the ring. To clearly establish the potential of beam induced scrubbing, and to eventually decide between the two above options, an extensive scrubbing campaign is taking place at the SPS. Ten days in 2014 and two full weeks in 2015 are devoted to machine scrubbing and scrubbing qualification studies. This paper summarizes the main findings in terms of scrubbing efficiency and reach so far, addressing also the option of using a special doublet beam and its implication for LHC.

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THPF110

Offline Testing of the CARIBU EBIS Charge Breeder

ion, electron, ion-source, rfq

3973

C. Dickerson, S.A. Kondrashev, P.N. Ostroumov, R.C. Vondrasek
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
A. Perry
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illlinois, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357.
In 2015 an electron beam ion source (EBIS) will be installed at the ATLAS facility to charge breed radioactive beams from the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU). Currently an ECR ion source is used to charge breed CARIBU beams. The EBIS will provide beams with much less contamination and higher breeding efficiencies. In preparation for its installation at ATLAS the EBIS has been successfully commissioned offline. The EBIS was configured in the offline facility to closely mimic the conditions expected in the ATLAS installation, so commissioning results should be representative of its performance with CARIBU. The EBIS breeding efficiency was tested with pulses of 133Cs¹⁺ from a surface ionization source, and for multiple operational modes maximum breeding efficiencies greater than 25% could be achieved. After transmission losses the total efficiency of the system was 15-20%. The contaminants were expectedly very low for a UHV system with nominal pressures of ~1 – 3 x 10^-10 Torr.

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THPF116

PIP-II Status and Strategy

linac, proton, booster, injection

3982

S.D. Holmes, P. Derwent, V.A. Lebedev, C.S. Mishra, D.V. Mitchell, V.P. Yakovlev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the Fermi Research Alliance under U.S. Department of Energy contract number DE-AC02-07CH11359
Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) is the centerpiece of Fermilab’s plan for upgrading the accelerator complex to establish the leading facility in the world for particle physics research based on intense proton beams. PIP-II has been developed to provide 1.2 MW of proton beam power at the start of operations of the Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE), while simultaneously providing a platform for eventual extension of LBNE beam power to >2 MW and enabling future initiatives in rare processes research based on high duty factor/higher beam power operations. PIP-II is based on the construction of a new, 800 MeV, superconducting linac, augmented by improvements to the existing Booster, Recycler, and Main Injector complex. PIP-II is currently in the development stage with an R&D program underway targeting the front end and superconducting rf acceleration technologies. This paper will describe the status of the PIP-II conceptual development, the associated technology R&D programs, and the strategy for project implementation.

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THPF120

Design of the LBNF Beamline

target, proton, shielding, experiment

3992

V. Papadimitriou, R. Andrews, J. Hylen, T.R. Kobilarcik, G.E. Krafczyk, A. Marchionni, C.D. Moore, P. Schlabach, S. Tariq
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will utilize a beamline located at Fermilab to carry out a compelling research program in neutrino physics. The facility will aim a wide band neutrino beam toward underground detectors placed at the SURF Facility in South Dakota, about 1,300 km away. The main elements of the facility are a primary proton beamline and a neutrino beamline. The primary proton beam (60-120 GeV) will be extracted from the MI-10 section of Fermilab’s Main Injector. Neutrinos are produced after the protons hit a solid target and produce mesons which are subsequently focused by magnetic horns into a 204m long decay pipe where they decay into muons and neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined taking into account the physics goals, spacial and radiological constraints and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The initial proton beam power is expected to be 1.2 MW, however the facility is designed to be upgradeable to 2.4 MW. We discuss here the design status and the associated challenges as well as plans for improvements before baselining the facility.

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THPF124

Energy Deposition and Radiological Studies for the LBNF Hadron Absorber

target, hadron, radiation, shielding

4007

I.L. Rakhno, N.V. Mokhov, I.S. Tropin
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
Y.I. Eidelman
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA

Funding: This work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Results of optimization energy deposition and radiological studies performed for the LBNF hadron absorber system are presented. The model of the LBNF complex starting from the beam extraction from the Main Injector and primary beam line through the pion-production target, focusing horns, target chase, decay channel, hadron absorber system with its beam instrumentation and civil infrastructure – all with corresponding radiation shielding – was developed using the ROOT-based geometry option in the MARS15 code. Both normal operation and accidental conditions were studied for the 120-GeV proton beam at 2.4 MW. Various design options were considered, in particular: (i) the absorber mask material and shape; (ii) the beam spoiler material and size; (iii) sculpted core aluminum blocks; (iv) various configurations of the core and its shielding and (v) numerous modifications of the overall system configurations. These helped find the optimal design solution for the absorber lifetime and radiation levels in the service building and environment to be within the design goals with an adequate safety margin.

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THPF143

Saddle Antenna RF Ion Sources for Efficient Positive and Negative Ions Production

plasma, ion, extraction, electron

4060

V.G. Dudnikov, R.P. Johnson
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
G. Dudnikova
UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
B. Han, S.N. Murray, T.R. Pennisi, C. Piller, M. Santana, M.P. Stockli, R.F. Welton
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: Work supported in part by US DOE Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by STTR grant DE-SC0011323.
Existing RF Surface Plasma Sources (SPS) for accelerators have specific efficiencies for H⁺ and H⁻ ion generation ~3-5 mA/cm² kW, where about 50 kW of RF power is typically needed for 50 mA beam current production. The Saddle Antenna (SA) SPS described here was developed to improve H⁻ ion production efficiency, reliability and availability. In SA RF ion source the efficiency of positive ion generation in the plasma has been improved to 200 mA/cm² kW. After cesiation, the current of negative ions to the collector was increased from 1 mA to 10 mA with RF power ~1.5 kW in the plasma (6 mm diameter emission aperture) and up to 30 mA with ~4 kW RF. Continuous wave (CW) operation of the SA SPS has been tested on the test stand. The general design of the CW SA SPS is based on the pulsed version. Some modifications were made to improve the cooling and cesiation stability. CW operation with negative ion extraction was tested with RF power up to 1.8 kW from the generator (~1.2 kW in the plasma) with production up to Ic=7 mA. Long term operation was tested with 1.2 kW from the RF generator (~0.8 kW in the plasma) with production of Ic=5 mA, Iex ~15 mA (Uex=8 kV, Uc=14 kV).

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FRXC1

The Luminosity Upgrade at RHIC

luminosity, ion, heavy-ion, lattice

4091

G. Robert-Demolaize
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Starting with the high energy heavy ion run for Fiscal Year 07 (Run7), the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) underwent a series of upgrades in all three tiers of its activities: machine hardware, lattice design and operational efficiency. The following presents a review of these upgrades and how their combined contributions to heavy ion operations lead to average store luminosities that exceed the initial RHIC design by a factor of 25.

Slides FRXC1 [4.570 MB]

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FRXC2

The High Luminosity LHC Project

luminosity, dipole, radiation, experiment

4096

O.S. Brüning
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

This presentation reviews the status of the high luminosity LHC project, and highlights the main challenges from the technology and beam physics point of view. It will mention the outcome of the 2015 Cost and Schedule review for the HL-LHC project and summarizes the status of the high field quadrupole and crab cavity development.

Slides FRXC2 [7.951 MB]

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FRYGB1

High Power Proton Beam Facilities: Operational Experience, Challenges, and the Future

target, proton, hardware, rfq

4102

S.M. Cousineau
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

High power proton accelerators are increasingly popular as drivers for secondary beams with a large variety of applications, such as neutron sources for materials science and neutrino factories for high energy physics. In the last few decades, average beam powers have increased substantially, giving rise to an array of challenges centered on providing high beam power and availability while maintaining low activation levels. This talk summarizes the current status of high power proton accelerators. It discusses recent operational experiences and lessons learned, and identifies the primary hardware and beam dynamics limitations. A brief review of planned next generation facilities and driving technologies is also presented.

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