IPAC2015 - List of Keywords (klystron)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOAD2	RF Breakdown of 805 MHz Cavities in Strong Magnetic Fields	cavity, Windows, operation, controls	53
	D.L. Bowring, A.V. Kochemirovskiy, M.A. Leonova, A. Moretti, M.A. Palmer, D.W. Peterson, K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA B.T. Freemire IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA A.A. Haase SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA P.G. Lane, Y. Torun Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA D. Stratakis BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Ionization cooling of intense muon beams requires the operation of high-gradient, normal-conducting RF structures in the presence of strong magnetic fields. We have measured the breakdown rate in several RF cavities operating at several frequencies. Cavities operating within solenoidal magnetic fields B > 0.25 T show an increased RF breakdown rate at lower gradients compared with similar operation when B = 0 T. Ultimately, this breakdown behavior limits the maximum safe operating gradient of the cavity. Beyond ionization cooling, this issue affects the design of photoinjectors and klystrons, among other applications. We have built an 805 MHz pillbox-type RF cavity to serve as an experimental testbed for this phenomenon. This cavity is designed to study the problem of RF breakdown in strong magnetic fields using various cavity materials and surface treatments, and with precise control over sources of systematic error. We present results from tests in which the cavity was run with all copper surfaces in a variety of magnetic fields.
	Slides MOAD2 [10.792 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOAD2
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MOPHA045	Developments and Performance of the LLRF System of the S-Band FERMI Linac	LLRF, cavity, feedback, controls	891
	A. Fabris, F. Gelmetti, M. Milloch, M. Predonzani Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
	The requirements on beam quality on the FERMI Free Electron Laser (FEL) linac impose challenging specifications on the stability of the RF fields that can only be met by using high reliable and high performance state of the art LLRF systems. The system installed in FERMI has met these requirements and is routinely operational for the machine on a 24/7 basis. The completion of the deployment of the LLRF units in 2015 increases the capabilities of the system, adding further measurement channels and monitoring, and allowing new functionalities. This paper provides an overview of the results achieved with the LLRF system of FERMI and an outlook of the further developments that are being implemented or planned.
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MOPHA047	RF System Design for the TOP-IMPLART Accelerator	controls, LLRF, proton, linac	897
	V. Surrenti, G. Bazzano, P. Nenzi, L. Picardi, C. Ronsivalle ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy F. Ambrosini Università di Roma "La Sapienza", SAPIENZA-DIET, Roma, Italy
	In the ENEA-Frascati research center a linear accelerator for proton therapy is under development in the framework of TOP-IMPLART Project carried out by ENEA in collaboration with ISS and IRE-IFO. The machine is based on a 7 MeV injector operating at a frequency of 425 MHz followed by a sequence of 2997.92 MHz accelerating modules. Five 10 MW klystrons will be used to power all high frequency structures up to a beam energy of 150 MeV. The maximum repetition frequency is 100 Hz and the pulse duration is 4 μs. The RF amplitude and phase stability requirements of the accelerating field are within ±2% and ±2 degrees respectively. For therapeutic use the beam energy will be varied between 85 and 150 MeV by switching off the last modules and varying the electric field amplitude in the last module switched on. Fast control of the RF power supplied to the individual structures allows an energy variation on a pulse by pulse basis; furthermore the system must be able to control the RF phase between accelerating structures. This work describes the RF power distribution scheme and the RF phase and amplitude monitoring system implemented into an embedded control system.
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MOPHA056	Status of LLRF Control System for SuperKEKB Commissioning	controls, cavity, LLRF, beam-loading	924
	T. Kobayashi, K. Akai, K. Ebihara, A. Kabe, K. Nakanishi, M. Nishiwaki, J.-I. Odagiri KEK, Ibaraki, Japan H. Deguchi, K. Hayashi, T. Iwaki, M. Ryoshi Mitsubishi Electric TOKKI Systems, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
	Beam commissioning of the SuperKEKB will be started in JFY2015. A new LLRF control system, which is an FPGA-based digital RF feedback control system on the MicroTCA platform, has been developed for high current beam operation of the SuperKEKB. The mass production and installation of the new systems has been completed as scheduled. The new LLRF control systems are applied to nine RF stations (klystron driving units) among existing thirty stations. As a new function, klystron phase lock loop was digitally implemented within the cavity FB control loop in the FPGA, and in the high power test it worked successfully to compensate for the klystron phase change. Beam loading was also simulated in the high power test by using an ARES cavity simulator, and then good performance in the cavity-voltage feedback control and the cavity tuning control was demonstrated to compensate the large beam loading for the SuperKEKB parameters. Fabrication of another new LLRF control system for damping ring which is required for low-emittance positron injection is scheduled in JFY2015.
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MOPTY060	Pulse Compressor Phase and Amplitude Modulation Based on Iterative Learning Control	controls, operation, linac, experiment	1076
	A. Řežaeizadeh, R. Kalt, T. Schilcher PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland R. Smith Automatic Control Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
	This paper presents an alternative way to produce flat-topped RF pulses at the pulse compressor output. Flat-topped RF pulses are suitable for multi-bunch operation where it is often required that beams experience the same accelerating gradient. Moreover, the energy gain, in this case, is less sensitive to timing jitters. The proposed approach is based on Iterative Learning Control technique, which iteratively updates the input waveforms, in order to generate the desired output waveforms.
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MOPTY061	Beam-Based Power Distribution Over Multiple Klystrons in a Linear Accelerator	high-voltage, linac, controls, LLRF	1079
	A. Řežaeizadeh, R. Kalt, T. Schilcher PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland R. Smith Automatic Control Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
	A linear accelerator including several klystron driver RF stations can be viewed as a single virtual RF station with a certain accelerating RF voltage (in amplitude and phase). This paper develops an optimization scheme that, for a specified beam energy gain, determines the klystrons output powers and the modulators high voltages optimally. The algorithm employs the klystron nonlinear static characteristics curves to calculate the input RF amplitude of the drive chain. A. Řežaeizadeh, et al, Model-based klystron linearization in the SwissFEL test facility, 36th International Free Electron Laser Conference, Basel, Switzerland
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TUPWA057	DAΦNE LINAC: Beam Diagnostics and Outline of the Last Improvements	linac, electron, positron, operation	1549
	B. Buonomo, L.G. Foggetta INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
	The LINAC of the DAΦNE complex is in operation since 1996, both as injector of the e⁺ e⁻ phi-factory, and, since 2003, for the extraction of electron beam to the Beam Test Facility. In the last years, many improvements has been developed in different sub-systems of the LINAC, aiming at a wider, tunable range of beam parameters, in particular the pulse time width and the pulse charge. A long term measurement campaign has been recently started to characterize the LINAC performance after that many sub-systems has been overhauled and improved, starting from RF power (i.e. klystron substitution, modulator re-newing, RF driver layout, SLED tuning) as well as the timing system, magnets, cooling, vacuum, control system and energy/position diagnostics. This work reports the latest results on the optimization of the fully consolidated system.
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TUPJE056	VELA Machine Development and Beam Characterisation	cavity, cathode, electron, gun	1752
	D.J. Scott, D. Angal-Kalinin, A.D. Brynes, F. Jackson, J.K. Jones, A. Kalinin, S.L. Mathisen, J.W. McKenzie, B.L. Militsyn, B.D. Muratori, T.C.Q. Noakes, L.K. Rudge, E. Sneddon, M. Surman, R. Valizadeh, A.E. Wheelhouse, P.H. Williams STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom S.D. Barrett, C.P. Topping, A. Wolski The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom A. Lyapin JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom M.D. Roper STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom C.P. Topping, A. Wolski Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom E. Yamakawa Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
	Recent developments on the VELA (Versatile Electron Linear Accelerator) RF photo-injector at Daresbury Laboratory are presented. These are three-fold; commissioning/installation, characterising and providing beam to users. Measurements for characterising the dark current (DC), 4-D transverse emittance, lattice functions and photoinjector stability are presented. User beam set ups to provide beam for electron diffraction and Cavity Beam Position Monitor development are summarised.
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TUPWI004	Status of the TOP-IMPLART Proton LINAC	proton, linac, operation, controls	2245
	P. Nenzi, A. Ampollini, G. Bazzano, F. Marracino, L. Picardi, C. Ronsivalle, V. Surrenti, M. Vadrucci ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy F. Ambrosini University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy F. Ambrosini Università di Roma "La Sapienza", SAPIENZA-DIET, Roma, Italy C. Snels ENEA Casaccia, Roma, Italy
	In this work we present the latest update on the TOP-IMPLART LINAC. It is a 150 MeV proton linear accelerator for protontherapy application under realization at ENEA-Frascati in the framework of a project developed by ENEA, the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) and Regina Elena National Cancer Institute-IFO-Rome. The accelerator consists of a 7 MeV injector operating at 425 MHz followed by a LINAC booster working at 2997.92 MHz at a maximum repetition frequency of 100 Hz. The medium energy section up to 35 MeV is a sequence of four SCDTL modules (Side Coupled Drift Tube LINAC) powered by a single 10 MW klystron: the first module bringing beam energy from 7MeV to 11.6MeV with an input power of 1.3 MW in a 4usec pulse has been successfully commissioned with a 10 uA per pulse beam accelerated at the design energy demonstrating the functionality of low energy proton acceleration at high RF frequency. The effects on beam dynamics, caused by the absence of any harmonic relation between the two operating frequencies of the LINAC has been simulated and experimentally verified during the commissioning activity. The second and third module installation and testing is undergoing.
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WEXC3	Improving the Energy Efficiency of Accelerator Facilities	radiation, operation, neutron, synchrotron	2428
	M. Seidel PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland R. Gehring KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany E. Jensen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland T.I. Parker ESS, Lund, Sweden P.J. Spiller, J. Stadlmann GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	New particle accelerator based research facilities tend to be much more productive, but often in coincidence with much higher energy consumption. The total energy consumption of mankind is steeply rising, while some European countries decided to terminate nuclear power generation and to switch to renewable energy production. Also the CO2 problem gives rise to new approaches for energy production and in all strategies the efficiency of utilization of electrical energy plays an important role. For the public acceptance of particle accelerator projects it is thus very important to optimize them for best utilization of electrical energy and to show these efforts to funding bodies and to the public. Within the European accelerator development program Eucard-2 we organise a network EnEfficient that aims at improving the energy efficiency of accelerators. In this paper we give some background information on the political situation, we describe the power flow in accelerator facilities and we give examples for developments of efficient accelerator systems, such as magnets, RF generation and beam acceleration, heat recovery and energy management.
	Slides WEXC3 [2.611 MB]
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WEYC2	Status of the PAL XFEL Construction	undulator, linac, controls, FEL	2439
	H.-S. Kang, K.W. Kim, I.S. Ko PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work has been supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning of Korea. The PAL-XFEL, a 0.1-nm hard X-ray FEL facility consisting of a 10-GeV S-band linac, is being constructed in Pohang, South Korea. Its building construction was completed at the end of 2014. The major procurement contracts were complete for the critical components of S-band linac modules and undulators. The installation of linac, undulator, and beam line will be completed by 2015. The commissioning will get started in January 2016 aiming for the first lasing in 2016. We will report the current status, construction progress, and commissioning plans for the PAL XFEL project, including major subsystem preparations.
	Slides WEYC2 [9.069 MB]
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WEPMA001	Proposed Linac Upgrade with a SLED Cavity at the Australian Synchrotron, SLSA	cavity, linac, operation, injection	2738
	K. Zingre, B. Mountford ASCo, Clayton, Victoria, Australia M.P. Atkinson, R.T. Dowd, G. LeBlanc SLSA, Clayton, Australia C.G. Hollwich SPINNER GmbH, Westerham, Germany
	The Australian Synchrotron Light Source has been operating successfully since 2007 and in top-up mode since 2012 while gradually being upgraded to reach an excellent beam availability exceeding 99 %. Considering the ageing of the equipment, effort is required in order to maintain the reliability at this level. The proposed upgrade of the linac with a SLED cavity has been chosen to mitigate the risks of single point of failure and lack of spare parts. The linac is normally fed from two independent 35 MW pulsed klystrons to reach 100 MeV beam energy and can be operated in single (SBM) or multi-bunch mode (MBM). The SLED cavity upgrade will allow remote selection of single klystron operation in SMB and possibly limited MBM without degradation of beam energy and reduce down time in case of a klystron failure. The proposal for the SLED cavity upgrade is shown and the linac designs are detailed.
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WEPMA016	A New RF station for the ELSA Stretcher Ring	cavity, LLRF, electron, synchrotron	2783
	M. Schedler, A. Dieckmann, P. Hänisch, W. Hillert ELSA, Bonn, Germany
	At the Electron Stretcher Facility ELSA of Bonn University, an increase of the maximum stored beam current from 20 mA to 200 mA is planned. The storage ring operates applying a fast energy ramp of 6 GeV/s from 1.2 GeV to 3.2 GeV and afterwards a slow extraction over a few seconds to the hadron physics experiments. The beam current is mainly limited due to missing RF power at highest energies in order to compensate for synchrotron radiation losses. The current stretcher ring's RF station is based on a single 200 kW klystron driving two 5-cell PETRA type cavities. To achieve the desired beam current at maximum energy two additional 7-cell PETRA type cavities, drivin by a second klystron, will be installed. With this upgrade, sufficient beam lifetime for slow beam extraction will be provided and thus ensure an adequate duty cycle of the external beam current. The general setup of the new RF station as well as the changes in operation when switching from one to two stations will be presented.
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WEPMA022	Progress of the Klystron and Cavity Test Stand for the FAIR Proton Linac	cavity, linac, proton, operation	2802
	A. Schnase, E. Plechov, J. Salvatore, G. Schreiber, W. Vinzenz GSI, Darmstadt, Germany C. Joly, J. Lesrel IPN, Orsay, France
	In collaboration between the FAIR project, GSI, and CNRS, the IPNO lab provided the high power RF components for a cavity and klystron test stand. For initial operation of the 3 MW Thales TH2181 klystron at 325.224 MHz we received a high voltage modulator from CERN Linac 4 as a loan. Here we report, how we integrated the combination of klystron, high voltage modulator, and auxiliaries to accumulate operating experience. RF operation of the klystron started on a water cooled load, soon the circulator will be included and then the prototype CH cavity in the radiation shielded area will be powered. The 45 kW amplifiers for the 3 buncher structures of the FAIR proton Linac were checked at the test stand, and the results are presented here.
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WEPMA042	Experience and Developments on the S-band RF Power System of the FERMI Linac	operation, linac, FEL, high-voltage	2856
	A. Fabris, P. Delgiusto, F. Pribaz, N. Sodomaco, R. Umer, L. Veljak Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
	The S-band linac of FERMI, the seeded Free Electron Laser (FEL) located at the Elettra laboratory in Trieste, operates on a 24/7 basis accumulating more than 6000 hours of operation per year. The performance and operability requirements of a users facility pose stringent specifications on reliability and availability on all the systems of the machine and in particular on the RF power plants. This paper provides a review and discusses the operational experience with the S-band power plants, klystrons and modulators, operating at S-band in FERMI. Based on the satisfactorily results and following return of experience, upgrades of the existing power plants are being implemented in the continuous effort of extending the operability and availability of the systems. A description of these activities and an overview of the other developments under consideration on the RF power plants are also provided.
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WEPMN011	RF Modulation Studies on the S-Band Pulse Compressor	coupling, cavity, flattop, simulation	2937
	S. Shu Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China F. Zhao IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	An S band SLED-type pulse compressor has been manufactured by IHEP to challenge the 100 MW maximum input power, which means the peak power around the coupling irises is about 500 MW at the phase reversal time. In order to deal with the breakdown problem, the dual side-wall coupling irises model was used. To further improve the reliability at very high power, RF phase modulation (PM) with flat-top output is considered. By using the CST Microwave Studio (MWS) transient solver, a new method was developed to simulate the time response of the pulse compressor. In addition, the theoretical and experimental results of the PM theory are also presented in this paper.
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WEPMN019	Calorimetric Power Measurements in X-band High Power RF	simulation, experiment, operation, linac	2967
	X.W. Wu, H.B. Chen, L. Zhang TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China N. Catalán Lasheras, B.J. Woolley, W. Wuensch CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	With the aim to test prototype accelerating structures for CLIC at high-gradient, new klystron-based, X-band high power test stands are being built at CERN. These tests stands are referred to as Xboxes with Xbox1 and Xbox2 being already operational. Stainless steel loads are placed in the end of the Xbox-1 system to absorb the remaining power which comes out of the accelerating structure. Power information is important and needs to be measured precisely. A new power measuring method based on calorimetry is proposed independent from RF measurements subject to frequent calibration. The principles of the method and simulations are presented and the results of actual experimentation are used to validate the method. The results show calorimetric measurement is feasible method and have a good precision at this power level.
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WEPMN037	High Power Klystron Amplifiers for the PLS & PLS-II Storage Ring	operation, storage-ring, cathode, high-voltage	3012
	M.-H. Chun, Y.D. Joo, H.J. Park, I.S. Park, Y.U. Sohn, I.H. Yu PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
	Funding: Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning in Korea The RF system of the Pohang Light Source-II (PLS-II) storage ring is operating at the 3.0 GeV/340 mA with three superconducting RF cavities. PLS-II RF system was upgraded to 3.0 GeV/400 mA (max.) beam storage from 2.5 GeV/ 200 mA of PLS. Each high power RF (HPRF) station is composed of a 300 kW klystron with power supplies, transmission components including a 350 kW circulator and load, and water cooling system. The klystrons are generally operated as a RF power source with high gain amplification for RF system of light sources. This paper describes the present operation status of 300 kW klystron amplifier and experiences of the former PLS 75 kW klystron amplifiers as well as RF system. *Supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning in Korea
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WEPMN045	IOT Use as a Power Source for a Linear Accelerating Structure	cavity, coupling, proton, simulation	3027
	E.A. Savin, S.V. Matsievskiy, N.P. Sobenin, I.D. Sokolov MEPhI, Moscow, Russia A.A. Zavadtsev Nano, Moscow, Russia
	Nowadays the interest of using compact and high efficiency power sources called Inductive Output Tubes (IOT) [1] for feeding accelerating structures with the required pulsed power around 1MW is increasing. In this article results of the beam dynamics and geometry calculations for the L-band IOT S-band IOT and accelerator-generator hybrid module are presented. Different concepts of the cavity have been proposed, but the most efficient has been chosen. The layout of the generator cell with biperiodic bunсher cells has been investigated. The hybrid structure composed from the generator cell and the compact SW accelerating section is proposed. IOT, linear accelerator, power supply, klystrons
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WEPHA027	Solid State Amplifier Development for the Swiss Light Source	booster, operation, storage-ring, power-supply	3170
	M.A. Gaspar, T. Garvey PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	Funding: We acknowledge the financial support of the Swiss Commission for Technology and Innovation under grant number 13192.1 PFFLM-IW. The Paul Scherrer Institut currently operates a klystron amplifier on the booster ring of the Swiss Light Source (SLS). In order to have an optional RF source for the booster cavity, we have been developing a compact 500MHz – 65kW solid state RF amplifier. An important goal in this development is the optimization of efficiency at any given operating point. In order to achieve this, each RF module has been equipped with its own DC power supply (PS Controller), providing sufficient intelligence to adjust the drain and bias voltages in a fully independent and automatic way. With this technique it is possible to maximize the overall efficiency at any given RF output power. Considerable effort has been made in order to obtain extensive measurements from each individual module with the aim of investigating the behavior of such a large number of combined arrays. We will discuss the amplifier design and present the results of measurements.
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WEPHA054	Commissioning of the Transverse Deflecting Cavity on VELA at Daresbury Laboratory	cavity, electron, vacuum, coupling	3239
	A.E. Wheelhouse, R.K. Buckley, S.R. Buckley, L.S. Cowie, P. Goudket, L. Ma, J.W. McKenzie, A.J. Moss STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom G. Burt, M. Jenkins Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
	A 9-cell S-band transverse deflecting copper cavity (TDC) has been designed and built to provide a 5 MV transverse kick in order to perform longitudinal profile measurements of the electron bunch on the Versatile Electron Linear Accelerator (VELA) at Daresbury Laboratory. The cavity has been manufactured by industry and has been field flatness tuned using a beadpull system. The cavity has then been installed on to the VELA facility and commissioned for operation with the electron beam. This paper discusses the tuning and the RF conditioning of the cavity.
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WEPHA057	High Gradient Testing of an X-band Crab Cavity at XBox2	cavity, wakefield, electron, network	3242
	B.J. Woolley, P.K. Ambattu, R. Apsimon, G. Burt, A.C. Dexter Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom A. Grudiev, I. Syratchev, R. Wegner, B.J. Woolley, W. Wuensch CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	CERN’s Compact linear collider (CLIC) will require crab cavities to align the bunches to provide effective head-on collisions. An X-band quasi-TM11 deflecting cavity has been designed and manufactured for testing at CERN’s Xbox-2 high power standalone test stand. The cavity is currently under test and has reached an input power level in excess of 40MW, with a measured breakdown rate of better than 10^-5 breakdowns per pulse. This paper also describes surface field quantities which are important in assessing the expected BDR when designing high gradient structures.
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WEPTY042	Pulsed Power Systems for ESS Klystrons	high-voltage, operation, electronics, neutron	3368
	M.P.J. Gaudreau, M.K. Kempkes, I. Roth Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA P.A. Dupire Sigma Phi Electronics, Wissembourg, France J.D. Holzmann Sigmaphi, Vannes, France
	Funding: DE-SC0004254 Under an SBIR from DOE, Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) has designed and built an advanced, high-voltage solid-state modulator for long pulse klystrons for ESS. In 2014, DTI, in partnership with SigmaPhi Electronics, received two contracts for production and installation of this design for ESS-class modulators, which will be used for the testing and conditioning of ESS klystron tubes and testing of RF components. This modulator design uses a hybrid configuration (solid state switch and pulse transformer) with an advanced switching regulator to maintain a very flat voltage into the klystron over multi-millisecond pulses. This paper will describe the design and testing of these modulators, and the status of their installation. The major development introduced in this design is that the millisecond-long pulses produce a droop voltage of about 10% with a reasonably-sized capacitor bank–much larger than the 1% droop required. To eliminate the droop without a large and expensive capacitor bank, the modulator uses a non-dissipative regulator.
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WEPWI001	An Overview of the MaRIE X-FEL and Electron Radiography Linac RF Systems	linac, cavity, electron, FEL	3482
	J.T. Bradley III, D. Rees, A. Scheinker, R.L. Sheffield LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	The purpose of the Matter-Radiation Interactions in Extremes (MaRIE) facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory is to investigate the performance limits of materials in extreme environments. The MaRIE facility will utilize a 12 GeV linac to drive an X-ray FEL. Most of the same linac will also be used to perform electron radiography. The main linac is driven by two shorter linacs; one short linac optimized for X-FEL pulses and one for electron radiography. The RF systems have historically been the one of the largest single component costs of a linac. We will describe the details of the different types of RF systems required by each part of the linacs. Starting with the High Power RF system, we will present our methodology for the choice of RF system peak power and pulselength with respect to klystrons parameters, modulator parameters, performance requirements and relative costs. We will also present an overview of the low level RF systems that are proposed for MaRIE and briefly describe their use with some proposed control schemes. * * A. Scheinker, "Adaptive Accelerator Tuning", Proc. of IPAC'15.
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WEPWI003	Design of a Radial Klystron	cavity, electron, space-charge, bunching	3489
	M. Dal Forno, A. Jensen, R.D. Ruth, S.G. Tantawi SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the US DOE under contract DEAC03-76SF00515. The radial klystron is a multidimensional rf source where the beam is generated by a cylindrical gun and it propagates in the radial dimension. The advantage of this design is that the space charge effects are balanced in the azimuthal dimension and a lower magnetic fields is required to focus the electron beam. The bunching is made with concentric coaxial resonators, connected by drift tube. The electron beam interaction with the cavity fields has been analyzed by means of particle tracking software in order to evaluate the beam bunching and the beam dynamics. This paper shows the klystron design, optimizing the shape and the position of each cavity, in order to maximize the efficiency of the device.
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WEPWI028	Simulation Study Using an Injection Phase-locked Magnetron as an Alternative Source for SRF Accelerators	controls, injection, cavity, SRF	3544
	H. Wang, T. E. Plawski, R.A. Rimmer JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	As a drop-in replacement for the CEBAF CW klystron system, a 1497 MHz, CW type high efficiency magnetron using injection phase lock and amplitude variation is attractive. Amplitude control using magnetic field trimming and anode voltage modulation has been studied using analytical models and MATLAB/Simulink simulations. Since the 1497 MHz magnetron has not been built yet, previously measured characteristics of a 2.45GHz cooker magnetron are used as reference. The results of linear responses to the amplitude and phase control of a superconducting RF (SRF) cavity, and the expected overall benefit for the current CEBAF and future MEIC RF systems are presented in this paper.
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WEPWI052	Commissioning and Early Operation Experience of the NSLS-II Storage Ring RF System	cavity, operation, synchrotron, storage-ring	3606
	F. Gao, J. Cupolo, P. Davila, T. Dilgen, W.K. Gash, B. Holub, J.G. Kulpin, J. Papu, G. Ramirez, V. Ravindranath, B. Rose, J. Rose, R. Sikora, J. Tagger, M. Yeddulla BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) is a 3 GeV X-ray user facility commissioned in 2014. The storage ring RF system, essential for replenishing energy loss per turn of the electrons, consists of digital low level RF controllers, 310 kW CW klystron transmitters, CESR-B type superconducting cavities, as well as a supporting cryogenic system. Here we will report on RF commissioning and early operation experience of the system for beam current up to 200 mA.
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THXB1	CEBAF SRF Performance during Initial 12 GeV Commissioning	cryomodule, controls, cavity, operation	3638
	R. Bachimanchi, T.L. Allison, E. Daly, M.A. Drury, C. Hovater, G.E. Lahti, C.I. Mounts, R.M. Nelson, T. E. Plawski JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) energy upgrade from 6 GeV to 12 GeV includes the installation of eleven new 100 MV cryomodules (88 cavities). The superconducting RF cavities are designed to operate CW at an accelerating gradient of 19.3 MV/m with a QL of 3×107. Not all the cavities were operated at the minimum gradient of 19.3 MV/m with the beam. Though the initial 12 GeV milestones were achieved during the initial commissioning of CEBAF, there are still some issues to be addressed for long term reliable operation of these modules. This paper reports the operational experiences during the initial commissioning and the path forward to improve the performance of C100 (100 MV) modules.
	Slides THXB1 [5.595 MB]
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THPF078	Effect of the Field Maps on the Beam Dynamics of the ESS Drift Tube Linac	emittance, DTL, focusing, linac	3864
	R. De Prisco, M. Eshraqi, Y.I. Levinsen, R. Miyamoto, E. Sargsyan ESS, Lund, Sweden A.R. Karlsson Lund University, Lund, Sweden
	In the beam dynamic design and modelling of the European Spallation Source (ESS) Drift Tube Linac (DTL) simplified models have been used for the focusing and accelerating structures. Since the high current requires precise control of the beam to minimise the losses it is useful to analyse the beam dynamics by using accurate field maps of the focusing and accelerating structures. In this paper the effects of the 3D-field maps on the beam dynamics of the ESS DTL are presented.
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THPF080	Status of the ESS Accelerator Construction Project	target, linac, proton, beam-transport	3870
	M. Lindroos, H. Danared, R. Garoby, D.P. McGinnis, E. Tanke ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European spallation source is now under construction just outside in Lund in Sweden. The driver is a 5 MW linac operating at a duty factor of 4% and at 2 GeV. The detailed design of the buildings is just being completed, and the casting of the accelerator tunnel has started. The accelerator design is getting mature with the major parts under prototyping. A challenging aspect of the project is the large percentage of in-kind contributions. For the accelerator this is now reaching 47% percent in pre commitments by institutes and universities in the ESS member states. We will in this paper give an overview of the ESS accelerator design, the status of prototyping and the organization of the in-kind accelerator construction project.
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Paper

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Other Keywords

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MOAD2

RF Breakdown of 805 MHz Cavities in Strong Magnetic Fields

cavity, Windows, operation, controls

53

D.L. Bowring, A.V. Kochemirovskiy, M.A. Leonova, A. Moretti, M.A. Palmer, D.W. Peterson, K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
B.T. Freemire
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
A.A. Haase
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
P.G. Lane, Y. Torun
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
D. Stratakis
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Ionization cooling of intense muon beams requires the operation of high-gradient, normal-conducting RF structures in the presence of strong magnetic fields. We have measured the breakdown rate in several RF cavities operating at several frequencies. Cavities operating within solenoidal magnetic fields B > 0.25 T show an increased RF breakdown rate at lower gradients compared with similar operation when B = 0 T. Ultimately, this breakdown behavior limits the maximum safe operating gradient of the cavity. Beyond ionization cooling, this issue affects the design of photoinjectors and klystrons, among other applications. We have built an 805 MHz pillbox-type RF cavity to serve as an experimental testbed for this phenomenon. This cavity is designed to study the problem of RF breakdown in strong magnetic fields using various cavity materials and surface treatments, and with precise control over sources of systematic error. We present results from tests in which the cavity was run with all copper surfaces in a variety of magnetic fields.

Slides MOAD2 [10.792 MB]

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MOPHA045

Developments and Performance of the LLRF System of the S-Band FERMI Linac

LLRF, cavity, feedback, controls

891

A. Fabris, F. Gelmetti, M. Milloch, M. Predonzani
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy

The requirements on beam quality on the FERMI Free Electron Laser (FEL) linac impose challenging specifications on the stability of the RF fields that can only be met by using high reliable and high performance state of the art LLRF systems. The system installed in FERMI has met these requirements and is routinely operational for the machine on a 24/7 basis. The completion of the deployment of the LLRF units in 2015 increases the capabilities of the system, adding further measurement channels and monitoring, and allowing new functionalities. This paper provides an overview of the results achieved with the LLRF system of FERMI and an outlook of the further developments that are being implemented or planned.

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MOPHA047

RF System Design for the TOP-IMPLART Accelerator

controls, LLRF, proton, linac

897

V. Surrenti, G. Bazzano, P. Nenzi, L. Picardi, C. Ronsivalle
ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
F. Ambrosini
Università di Roma "La Sapienza", SAPIENZA-DIET, Roma, Italy

In the ENEA-Frascati research center a linear accelerator for proton therapy is under development in the framework of TOP-IMPLART Project carried out by ENEA in collaboration with ISS and IRE-IFO. The machine is based on a 7 MeV injector operating at a frequency of 425 MHz followed by a sequence of 2997.92 MHz accelerating modules. Five 10 MW klystrons will be used to power all high frequency structures up to a beam energy of 150 MeV. The maximum repetition frequency is 100 Hz and the pulse duration is 4 μs. The RF amplitude and phase stability requirements of the accelerating field are within ±2% and ±2 degrees respectively. For therapeutic use the beam energy will be varied between 85 and 150 MeV by switching off the last modules and varying the electric field amplitude in the last module switched on. Fast control of the RF power supplied to the individual structures allows an energy variation on a pulse by pulse basis; furthermore the system must be able to control the RF phase between accelerating structures. This work describes the RF power distribution scheme and the RF phase and amplitude monitoring system implemented into an embedded control system.

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MOPHA056

Status of LLRF Control System for SuperKEKB Commissioning

controls, cavity, LLRF, beam-loading

924

T. Kobayashi, K. Akai, K. Ebihara, A. Kabe, K. Nakanishi, M. Nishiwaki, J.-I. Odagiri
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
H. Deguchi, K. Hayashi, T. Iwaki, M. Ryoshi
Mitsubishi Electric TOKKI Systems, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan

Beam commissioning of the SuperKEKB will be started in JFY2015. A new LLRF control system, which is an FPGA-based digital RF feedback control system on the MicroTCA platform, has been developed for high current beam operation of the SuperKEKB. The mass production and installation of the new systems has been completed as scheduled. The new LLRF control systems are applied to nine RF stations (klystron driving units) among existing thirty stations. As a new function, klystron phase lock loop was digitally implemented within the cavity FB control loop in the FPGA, and in the high power test it worked successfully to compensate for the klystron phase change. Beam loading was also simulated in the high power test by using an ARES cavity simulator, and then good performance in the cavity-voltage feedback control and the cavity tuning control was demonstrated to compensate the large beam loading for the SuperKEKB parameters. Fabrication of another new LLRF control system for damping ring which is required for low-emittance positron injection is scheduled in JFY2015.

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MOPTY060

Pulse Compressor Phase and Amplitude Modulation Based on Iterative Learning Control

controls, operation, linac, experiment

1076

A. Řežaeizadeh, R. Kalt, T. Schilcher
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
R. Smith
Automatic Control Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

This paper presents an alternative way to produce flat-topped RF pulses at the pulse compressor output. Flat-topped RF pulses are suitable for multi-bunch operation where it is often required that beams experience the same accelerating gradient. Moreover, the energy gain, in this case, is less sensitive to timing jitters. The proposed approach is based on Iterative Learning Control technique, which iteratively updates the input waveforms, in order to generate the desired output waveforms.

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MOPTY061

Beam-Based Power Distribution Over Multiple Klystrons in a Linear Accelerator

high-voltage, linac, controls, LLRF

1079

A. Řežaeizadeh, R. Kalt, T. Schilcher
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
R. Smith
Automatic Control Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

A linear accelerator including several klystron driver RF stations can be viewed as a single virtual RF station with a certain accelerating RF voltage (in amplitude and phase). This paper develops an optimization scheme that, for a specified beam energy gain, determines the klystrons output powers and the modulators high voltages optimally. The algorithm employs the klystron nonlinear static characteristics curves to calculate the input RF amplitude of the drive chain.
A. Řežaeizadeh, et al, Model-based klystron linearization in the SwissFEL test facility, 36th International Free Electron Laser Conference, Basel, Switzerland

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TUPWA057

DAΦNE LINAC: Beam Diagnostics and Outline of the Last Improvements

linac, electron, positron, operation

1549

B. Buonomo, L.G. Foggetta
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy

The LINAC of the DAΦNE complex is in operation since 1996, both as injector of the e⁺ e⁻ phi-factory, and, since 2003, for the extraction of electron beam to the Beam Test Facility. In the last years, many improvements has been developed in different sub-systems of the LINAC, aiming at a wider, tunable range of beam parameters, in particular the pulse time width and the pulse charge. A long term measurement campaign has been recently started to characterize the LINAC performance after that many sub-systems has been overhauled and improved, starting from RF power (i.e. klystron substitution, modulator re-newing, RF driver layout, SLED tuning) as well as the timing system, magnets, cooling, vacuum, control system and energy/position diagnostics. This work reports the latest results on the optimization of the fully consolidated system.

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TUPJE056

VELA Machine Development and Beam Characterisation

cavity, cathode, electron, gun

1752

D.J. Scott, D. Angal-Kalinin, A.D. Brynes, F. Jackson, J.K. Jones, A. Kalinin, S.L. Mathisen, J.W. McKenzie, B.L. Militsyn, B.D. Muratori, T.C.Q. Noakes, L.K. Rudge, E. Sneddon, M. Surman, R. Valizadeh, A.E. Wheelhouse, P.H. Williams
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
S.D. Barrett, C.P. Topping, A. Wolski
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
A. Lyapin
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
M.D. Roper
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
C.P. Topping, A. Wolski
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
E. Yamakawa
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom

Recent developments on the VELA (Versatile Electron Linear Accelerator) RF photo-injector at Daresbury Laboratory are presented. These are three-fold; commissioning/installation, characterising and providing beam to users. Measurements for characterising the dark current (DC), 4-D transverse emittance, lattice functions and photoinjector stability are presented. User beam set ups to provide beam for electron diffraction and Cavity Beam Position Monitor development are summarised.

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TUPWI004

Status of the TOP-IMPLART Proton LINAC

proton, linac, operation, controls

2245

P. Nenzi, A. Ampollini, G. Bazzano, F. Marracino, L. Picardi, C. Ronsivalle, V. Surrenti, M. Vadrucci
ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
F. Ambrosini
University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
F. Ambrosini
Università di Roma "La Sapienza", SAPIENZA-DIET, Roma, Italy
C. Snels
ENEA Casaccia, Roma, Italy

In this work we present the latest update on the TOP-IMPLART LINAC. It is a 150 MeV proton linear accelerator for protontherapy application under realization at ENEA-Frascati in the framework of a project developed by ENEA, the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) and Regina Elena National Cancer Institute-IFO-Rome. The accelerator consists of a 7 MeV injector operating at 425 MHz followed by a LINAC booster working at 2997.92 MHz at a maximum repetition frequency of 100 Hz. The medium energy section up to 35 MeV is a sequence of four SCDTL modules (Side Coupled Drift Tube LINAC) powered by a single 10 MW klystron: the first module bringing beam energy from 7MeV to 11.6MeV with an input power of 1.3 MW in a 4usec pulse has been successfully commissioned with a 10 uA per pulse beam accelerated at the design energy demonstrating the functionality of low energy proton acceleration at high RF frequency. The effects on beam dynamics, caused by the absence of any harmonic relation between the two operating frequencies of the LINAC has been simulated and experimentally verified during the commissioning activity. The second and third module installation and testing is undergoing.

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WEXC3

Improving the Energy Efficiency of Accelerator Facilities

radiation, operation, neutron, synchrotron

2428

M. Seidel
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
R. Gehring
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
E. Jensen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
T.I. Parker
ESS, Lund, Sweden
P.J. Spiller, J. Stadlmann
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

New particle accelerator based research facilities tend to be much more productive, but often in coincidence with much higher energy consumption. The total energy consumption of mankind is steeply rising, while some European countries decided to terminate nuclear power generation and to switch to renewable energy production. Also the CO2 problem gives rise to new approaches for energy production and in all strategies the efficiency of utilization of electrical energy plays an important role. For the public acceptance of particle accelerator projects it is thus very important to optimize them for best utilization of electrical energy and to show these efforts to funding bodies and to the public. Within the European accelerator development program Eucard-2 we organise a network EnEfficient that aims at improving the energy efficiency of accelerators. In this paper we give some background information on the political situation, we describe the power flow in accelerator facilities and we give examples for developments of efficient accelerator systems, such as magnets, RF generation and beam acceleration, heat recovery and energy management.

Slides WEXC3 [2.611 MB]

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WEYC2

Status of the PAL XFEL Construction

undulator, linac, controls, FEL

2439

H.-S. Kang, K.W. Kim, I.S. Ko
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work has been supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning of Korea.
The PAL-XFEL, a 0.1-nm hard X-ray FEL facility consisting of a 10-GeV S-band linac, is being constructed in Pohang, South Korea. Its building construction was completed at the end of 2014. The major procurement contracts were complete for the critical components of S-band linac modules and undulators. The installation of linac, undulator, and beam line will be completed by 2015. The commissioning will get started in January 2016 aiming for the first lasing in 2016. We will report the current status, construction progress, and commissioning plans for the PAL XFEL project, including major subsystem preparations.

Slides WEYC2 [9.069 MB]

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WEPMA001

Proposed Linac Upgrade with a SLED Cavity at the Australian Synchrotron, SLSA

cavity, linac, operation, injection

2738

K. Zingre, B. Mountford
ASCo, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
M.P. Atkinson, R.T. Dowd, G. LeBlanc
SLSA, Clayton, Australia
C.G. Hollwich
SPINNER GmbH, Westerham, Germany

The Australian Synchrotron Light Source has been operating successfully since 2007 and in top-up mode since 2012 while gradually being upgraded to reach an excellent beam availability exceeding 99 %. Considering the ageing of the equipment, effort is required in order to maintain the reliability at this level. The proposed upgrade of the linac with a SLED cavity has been chosen to mitigate the risks of single point of failure and lack of spare parts. The linac is normally fed from two independent 35 MW pulsed klystrons to reach 100 MeV beam energy and can be operated in single (SBM) or multi-bunch mode (MBM). The SLED cavity upgrade will allow remote selection of single klystron operation in SMB and possibly limited MBM without degradation of beam energy and reduce down time in case of a klystron failure. The proposal for the SLED cavity upgrade is shown and the linac designs are detailed.

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WEPMA016

A New RF station for the ELSA Stretcher Ring

cavity, LLRF, electron, synchrotron

2783

M. Schedler, A. Dieckmann, P. Hänisch, W. Hillert
ELSA, Bonn, Germany

At the Electron Stretcher Facility ELSA of Bonn University, an increase of the maximum stored beam current from 20 mA to 200 mA is planned. The storage ring operates applying a fast energy ramp of 6 GeV/s from 1.2 GeV to 3.2 GeV and afterwards a slow extraction over a few seconds to the hadron physics experiments. The beam current is mainly limited due to missing RF power at highest energies in order to compensate for synchrotron radiation losses. The current stretcher ring's RF station is based on a single 200 kW klystron driving two 5-cell PETRA type cavities. To achieve the desired beam current at maximum energy two additional 7-cell PETRA type cavities, drivin by a second klystron, will be installed. With this upgrade, sufficient beam lifetime for slow beam extraction will be provided and thus ensure an adequate duty cycle of the external beam current. The general setup of the new RF station as well as the changes in operation when switching from one to two stations will be presented.

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WEPMA022

Progress of the Klystron and Cavity Test Stand for the FAIR Proton Linac

cavity, linac, proton, operation

2802

A. Schnase, E. Plechov, J. Salvatore, G. Schreiber, W. Vinzenz
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
C. Joly, J. Lesrel
IPN, Orsay, France

In collaboration between the FAIR project, GSI, and CNRS, the IPNO lab provided the high power RF components for a cavity and klystron test stand. For initial operation of the 3 MW Thales TH2181 klystron at 325.224 MHz we received a high voltage modulator from CERN Linac 4 as a loan. Here we report, how we integrated the combination of klystron, high voltage modulator, and auxiliaries to accumulate operating experience. RF operation of the klystron started on a water cooled load, soon the circulator will be included and then the prototype CH cavity in the radiation shielded area will be powered. The 45 kW amplifiers for the 3 buncher structures of the FAIR proton Linac were checked at the test stand, and the results are presented here.

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WEPMA042

Experience and Developments on the S-band RF Power System of the FERMI Linac

operation, linac, FEL, high-voltage

2856

A. Fabris, P. Delgiusto, F. Pribaz, N. Sodomaco, R. Umer, L. Veljak
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy

The S-band linac of FERMI, the seeded Free Electron Laser (FEL) located at the Elettra laboratory in Trieste, operates on a 24/7 basis accumulating more than 6000 hours of operation per year. The performance and operability requirements of a users facility pose stringent specifications on reliability and availability on all the systems of the machine and in particular on the RF power plants. This paper provides a review and discusses the operational experience with the S-band power plants, klystrons and modulators, operating at S-band in FERMI. Based on the satisfactorily results and following return of experience, upgrades of the existing power plants are being implemented in the continuous effort of extending the operability and availability of the systems. A description of these activities and an overview of the other developments under consideration on the RF power plants are also provided.

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WEPMN011

RF Modulation Studies on the S-Band Pulse Compressor

coupling, cavity, flattop, simulation

2937

S. Shu
Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
F. Zhao
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

An S band SLED-type pulse compressor has been manufactured by IHEP to challenge the 100 MW maximum input power, which means the peak power around the coupling irises is about 500 MW at the phase reversal time. In order to deal with the breakdown problem, the dual side-wall coupling irises model was used. To further improve the reliability at very high power, RF phase modulation (PM) with flat-top output is considered. By using the CST Microwave Studio (MWS) transient solver, a new method was developed to simulate the time response of the pulse compressor. In addition, the theoretical and experimental results of the PM theory are also presented in this paper.

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WEPMN019

Calorimetric Power Measurements in X-band High Power RF

simulation, experiment, operation, linac

2967

X.W. Wu, H.B. Chen, L. Zhang
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
N. Catalán Lasheras, B.J. Woolley, W. Wuensch
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

With the aim to test prototype accelerating structures for CLIC at high-gradient, new klystron-based, X-band high power test stands are being built at CERN. These tests stands are referred to as Xboxes with Xbox1 and Xbox2 being already operational. Stainless steel loads are placed in the end of the Xbox-1 system to absorb the remaining power which comes out of the accelerating structure. Power information is important and needs to be measured precisely. A new power measuring method based on calorimetry is proposed independent from RF measurements subject to frequent calibration. The principles of the method and simulations are presented and the results of actual experimentation are used to validate the method. The results show calorimetric measurement is feasible method and have a good precision at this power level.

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WEPMN037

High Power Klystron Amplifiers for the PLS & PLS-II Storage Ring

operation, storage-ring, cathode, high-voltage

3012

M.-H. Chun, Y.D. Joo, H.J. Park, I.S. Park, Y.U. Sohn, I.H. Yu
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning in Korea
The RF system of the Pohang Light Source-II (PLS-II) storage ring is operating at the 3.0 GeV/340 mA with three superconducting RF cavities. PLS-II RF system was upgraded to 3.0 GeV/400 mA (max.) beam storage from 2.5 GeV/ 200 mA of PLS. Each high power RF (HPRF) station is composed of a 300 kW klystron with power supplies, transmission components including a 350 kW circulator and load, and water cooling system. The klystrons are generally operated as a RF power source with high gain amplification for RF system of light sources. This paper describes the present operation status of 300 kW klystron amplifier and experiences of the former PLS 75 kW klystron amplifiers as well as RF system.
*Supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning in Korea

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WEPMN045

IOT Use as a Power Source for a Linear Accelerating Structure

cavity, coupling, proton, simulation

3027

E.A. Savin, S.V. Matsievskiy, N.P. Sobenin, I.D. Sokolov
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
A.A. Zavadtsev
Nano, Moscow, Russia

Nowadays the interest of using compact and high efficiency power sources called Inductive Output Tubes (IOT) [1] for feeding accelerating structures with the required pulsed power around 1MW is increasing. In this article results of the beam dynamics and geometry calculations for the L-band IOT S-band IOT and accelerator-generator hybrid module are presented. Different concepts of the cavity have been proposed, but the most efficient has been chosen. The layout of the generator cell with biperiodic bunсher cells has been investigated. The hybrid structure composed from the generator cell and the compact SW accelerating section is proposed.
IOT, linear accelerator, power supply, klystrons

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WEPHA027

Solid State Amplifier Development for the Swiss Light Source

booster, operation, storage-ring, power-supply

3170

M.A. Gaspar, T. Garvey
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Funding: We acknowledge the financial support of the Swiss Commission for Technology and Innovation under grant number 13192.1 PFFLM-IW.
The Paul Scherrer Institut currently operates a klystron amplifier on the booster ring of the Swiss Light Source (SLS). In order to have an optional RF source for the booster cavity, we have been developing a compact 500MHz – 65kW solid state RF amplifier. An important goal in this development is the optimization of efficiency at any given operating point. In order to achieve this, each RF module has been equipped with its own DC power supply (PS Controller), providing sufficient intelligence to adjust the drain and bias voltages in a fully independent and automatic way. With this technique it is possible to maximize the overall efficiency at any given RF output power. Considerable effort has been made in order to obtain extensive measurements from each individual module with the aim of investigating the behavior of such a large number of combined arrays. We will discuss the amplifier design and present the results of measurements.

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WEPHA054

Commissioning of the Transverse Deflecting Cavity on VELA at Daresbury Laboratory

cavity, electron, vacuum, coupling

3239

A.E. Wheelhouse, R.K. Buckley, S.R. Buckley, L.S. Cowie, P. Goudket, L. Ma, J.W. McKenzie, A.J. Moss
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
G. Burt, M. Jenkins
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

A 9-cell S-band transverse deflecting copper cavity (TDC) has been designed and built to provide a 5 MV transverse kick in order to perform longitudinal profile measurements of the electron bunch on the Versatile Electron Linear Accelerator (VELA) at Daresbury Laboratory. The cavity has been manufactured by industry and has been field flatness tuned using a beadpull system. The cavity has then been installed on to the VELA facility and commissioned for operation with the electron beam. This paper discusses the tuning and the RF conditioning of the cavity.

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WEPHA057

High Gradient Testing of an X-band Crab Cavity at XBox2

cavity, wakefield, electron, network

3242

B.J. Woolley, P.K. Ambattu, R. Apsimon, G. Burt, A.C. Dexter
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
A. Grudiev, I. Syratchev, R. Wegner, B.J. Woolley, W. Wuensch
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

CERN’s Compact linear collider (CLIC) will require crab cavities to align the bunches to provide effective head-on collisions. An X-band quasi-TM11 deflecting cavity has been designed and manufactured for testing at CERN’s Xbox-2 high power standalone test stand. The cavity is currently under test and has reached an input power level in excess of 40MW, with a measured breakdown rate of better than 10^-5 breakdowns per pulse. This paper also describes surface field quantities which are important in assessing the expected BDR when designing high gradient structures.

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WEPTY042

Pulsed Power Systems for ESS Klystrons

high-voltage, operation, electronics, neutron

3368

M.P.J. Gaudreau, M.K. Kempkes, I. Roth
Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
P.A. Dupire
Sigma Phi Electronics, Wissembourg, France
J.D. Holzmann
Sigmaphi, Vannes, France

Funding: DE-SC0004254
Under an SBIR from DOE, Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) has designed and built an advanced, high-voltage solid-state modulator for long pulse klystrons for ESS. In 2014, DTI, in partnership with SigmaPhi Electronics, received two contracts for production and installation of this design for ESS-class modulators, which will be used for the testing and conditioning of ESS klystron tubes and testing of RF components. This modulator design uses a hybrid configuration (solid state switch and pulse transformer) with an advanced switching regulator to maintain a very flat voltage into the klystron over multi-millisecond pulses. This paper will describe the design and testing of these modulators, and the status of their installation. The major development introduced in this design is that the millisecond-long pulses produce a droop voltage of about 10% with a reasonably-sized capacitor bank–much larger than the 1% droop required. To eliminate the droop without a large and expensive capacitor bank, the modulator uses a non-dissipative regulator.

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WEPWI001

An Overview of the MaRIE X-FEL and Electron Radiography Linac RF Systems

linac, cavity, electron, FEL

3482

J.T. Bradley III, D. Rees, A. Scheinker, R.L. Sheffield
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

The purpose of the Matter-Radiation Interactions in Extremes (MaRIE) facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory is to investigate the performance limits of materials in extreme environments. The MaRIE facility will utilize a 12 GeV linac to drive an X-ray FEL. Most of the same linac will also be used to perform electron radiography. The main linac is driven by two shorter linacs; one short linac optimized for X-FEL pulses and one for electron radiography. The RF systems have historically been the one of the largest single component costs of a linac. We will describe the details of the different types of RF systems required by each part of the linacs. Starting with the High Power RF system, we will present our methodology for the choice of RF system peak power and pulselength with respect to klystrons parameters, modulator parameters, performance requirements and relative costs. We will also present an overview of the low level RF systems that are proposed for MaRIE and briefly describe their use with some proposed control schemes. *
* A. Scheinker, "Adaptive Accelerator Tuning", Proc. of IPAC'15.

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WEPWI003

Design of a Radial Klystron

cavity, electron, space-charge, bunching

3489

M. Dal Forno, A. Jensen, R.D. Ruth, S.G. Tantawi
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the US DOE under contract DEAC03-76SF00515.
The radial klystron is a multidimensional rf source where the beam is generated by a cylindrical gun and it propagates in the radial dimension. The advantage of this design is that the space charge effects are balanced in the azimuthal dimension and a lower magnetic fields is required to focus the electron beam. The bunching is made with concentric coaxial resonators, connected by drift tube. The electron beam interaction with the cavity fields has been analyzed by means of particle tracking software in order to evaluate the beam bunching and the beam dynamics. This paper shows the klystron design, optimizing the shape and the position of each cavity, in order to maximize the efficiency of the device.

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WEPWI028

Simulation Study Using an Injection Phase-locked Magnetron as an Alternative Source for SRF Accelerators

controls, injection, cavity, SRF

3544

H. Wang, T. E. Plawski, R.A. Rimmer
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

As a drop-in replacement for the CEBAF CW klystron system, a 1497 MHz, CW type high efficiency magnetron using injection phase lock and amplitude variation is attractive. Amplitude control using magnetic field trimming and anode voltage modulation has been studied using analytical models and MATLAB/Simulink simulations. Since the 1497 MHz magnetron has not been built yet, previously measured characteristics of a 2.45GHz cooker magnetron are used as reference. The results of linear responses to the amplitude and phase control of a superconducting RF (SRF) cavity, and the expected overall benefit for the current CEBAF and future MEIC RF systems are presented in this paper.

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WEPWI052

Commissioning and Early Operation Experience of the NSLS-II Storage Ring RF System

cavity, operation, synchrotron, storage-ring

3606

F. Gao, J. Cupolo, P. Davila, T. Dilgen, W.K. Gash, B. Holub, J.G. Kulpin, J. Papu, G. Ramirez, V. Ravindranath, B. Rose, J. Rose, R. Sikora, J. Tagger, M. Yeddulla
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) is a 3 GeV X-ray user facility commissioned in 2014. The storage ring RF system, essential for replenishing energy loss per turn of the electrons, consists of digital low level RF controllers, 310 kW CW klystron transmitters, CESR-B type superconducting cavities, as well as a supporting cryogenic system. Here we will report on RF commissioning and early operation experience of the system for beam current up to 200 mA.

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THXB1

CEBAF SRF Performance during Initial 12 GeV Commissioning

cryomodule, controls, cavity, operation

3638

R. Bachimanchi, T.L. Allison, E. Daly, M.A. Drury, C. Hovater, G.E. Lahti, C.I. Mounts, R.M. Nelson, T. E. Plawski
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) energy upgrade from 6 GeV to 12 GeV includes the installation of eleven new 100 MV cryomodules (88 cavities). The superconducting RF cavities are designed to operate CW at an accelerating gradient of 19.3 MV/m with a QL of 3×107. Not all the cavities were operated at the minimum gradient of 19.3 MV/m with the beam. Though the initial 12 GeV milestones were achieved during the initial commissioning of CEBAF, there are still some issues to be addressed for long term reliable operation of these modules. This paper reports the operational experiences during the initial commissioning and the path forward to improve the performance of C100 (100 MV) modules.

Slides THXB1 [5.595 MB]

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THPF078

Effect of the Field Maps on the Beam Dynamics of the ESS Drift Tube Linac

emittance, DTL, focusing, linac

3864

R. De Prisco, M. Eshraqi, Y.I. Levinsen, R. Miyamoto, E. Sargsyan
ESS, Lund, Sweden
A.R. Karlsson
Lund University, Lund, Sweden

In the beam dynamic design and modelling of the European Spallation Source (ESS) Drift Tube Linac (DTL) simplified models have been used for the focusing and accelerating structures. Since the high current requires precise control of the beam to minimise the losses it is useful to analyse the beam dynamics by using accurate field maps of the focusing and accelerating structures. In this paper the effects of the 3D-field maps on the beam dynamics of the ESS DTL are presented.

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THPF080

Status of the ESS Accelerator Construction Project

target, linac, proton, beam-transport

3870

M. Lindroos, H. Danared, R. Garoby, D.P. McGinnis, E. Tanke
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European spallation source is now under construction just outside in Lund in Sweden. The driver is a 5 MW linac operating at a duty factor of 4% and at 2 GeV. The detailed design of the buildings is just being completed, and the casting of the accelerator tunnel has started. The accelerator design is getting mature with the major parts under prototyping. A challenging aspect of the project is the large percentage of in-kind contributions. For the accelerator this is now reaching 47% percent in pre commitments by institutes and universities in the ESS member states. We will in this paper give an overview of the ESS accelerator design, the status of prototyping and the organization of the in-kind accelerator construction project.

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