IPAC2015 - List of Keywords (shielding)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOBD1	Preliminary Design of the High-Luminosity LHC Beam Screen with Shielding	vacuum, luminosity, cryogenics, impedance	60
	C. Garion, V. Baglin, R. Kersevan CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	A new beam screen is needed in the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) final focusing magnets. Such an essential vacuum component, while operating in the range 40-60 K, has to ensure the vacuum performance and to prevent the beam-induced heating from reaching the cold bore which is at 1.9 K. In addition, they have to shield the cold mass from physics debris coming from the nearby beam collision points. To such purpose, energy absorbers made of tungsten alloy are installed onto the beam screen in the vacuum system. In this contribution, the proposed mechanical design is shown; it covers different thermomechanical aspects such as the behaviour during a magnet quench and the heat transfer from the tungsten absorbers to the cooling tubes. Assembly and manufacturing tolerances are also considered to evaluate the impact on the aperture. Results obtained with a short prototype assembly test are discussed.
	Slides MOBD1 [3.089 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOBD1
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MOPHA030	Commissioning of the Low-Noise MTCA.4-based Local Oscillator and Clock Generation Module	hardware, monitoring, distributed, controls	847
	U. Mavrič, J. Branlard, M. Hoffmann, F. Ludwig, H. Schlarb DESY, Hamburg, Germany D.R. Makowski, A. Mielczarek, P. Perek TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland A. Rohlev Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
	Funding: Helmholtz Validation Fund Project "MicroTCA.4 for Industry" Within the Helmholtz Validation Fund Project "MicroTCA.4 for Industry", DESY together with collaboration partners from industry and research developed a compact fully MicroTCA chassis-integrated local RF oscillator module. The local oscillator and clock generation module generates a low noise local oscillator out of the global reference that is distributed over the accelerator. The module includes a splitting section which provides 9 local oscillator signals which are distributed over the RF-Backplane to the rear-transition modules. Similarly, the clock signal is also generated out of a single reference input by means of low-noise dividers. The clock is then fan-out to 22 differential lines that are routed over the RF backplane to the rear-transition modules. The functional block is implemented such that it fits in the rear slots 15 and 14 of a standard MTCA.4 crate. In the paper the commissioning results measured on the L3 low-level RF stations of the European XFEL will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPHA030
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MOPWI017	Beam Extinction Monitoring in the Mu2e Experiment	proton, target, detector, experiment	1185
	E. Prebys, A. Gaponenko, P.H. Kasper Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA L.M. Bartoszek Bartoszek Engineering, Aurora, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the US Department of Energy under contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359. The Mu2e Experiment at Fermilab will search for the conversion of a muon to an electron in the field of an atomic nucleus with unprecedented sensitivity. The experiment requires a beam consisting of proton bunches approximately 200ns FW long, separated by 1.7 microseconds, with no out-of-time protons at the 10^-10 fractional level. The verification of this level of extinction is very challenging. The proposed technique uses a special purpose spectrometer which will observe particles scattered from the production target of the experiment. The acceptance will be limited such that there will be no saturation effects from the in-time beam. The precise level and profile of the out-of-time beam can then be built up statistically, by integrating over many bunches.
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TUAD2	Comparison between Measured and Computed Temperatures of the Internal High Energy Beam Dump in the CERN SPS	simulation, target, dumping, kicker	1373
	G.E. Steele, R. Folch, V. Kain, I.V. Leitao, R. Losito, C. Maglioni, F. Pasdeloup, A. Perillo-Marcone, F.M. Velotti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The SPS high energy internal dump (TIDVG) is designed to receive beam dumps from 10².2 to 450 GeV. The absorbing core is composed of 2.5m graphite, followed by 1m of aluminium, then 0.5m of copper and finally 0.3m of tungsten, all of which is surrounded by a water cooled copper jacket. An inspection during Long Shutdown 1 revealed significant beam induced damage to the Al section of the dump block. Temperature sensors were installed to monitor the new dump replacing the damaged one. This paper summarises the correlation between the temperature measured as a function of the energy deposited and the same temperatures computed in a numerical model combining FLUKA and ANSYS simulations. The goal of this study is the assessment of the thermal contact quality between the beam absorbing blocks and the copper jacket, by analysing the cooling times observed from the measurements and from the thermo-mechanical simulations. This paper presents an improved method to estimate the efficiency and long term reliability of the cooling of this type of design, with the view of optimising the performance of future dump versions.
	Slides TUAD2 [5.768 MB]
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TUPWA017	Collimation scheme for the ESRF Upgrade	lattice, radiation, collimation, beam-losses	1434
	R. Versteegen, P. Berkvens, N. Carmignani, L. Farvacque, S.M. Liuzzo, B. Nash, T.P. Perron, P. Raimondi, S.M. White ESRF, Grenoble, France
	The ultra low emittance foreseen for the ESRF Upgrade will translate into a limited Touschek lifetime, increasing substantially the loss rate around the ring compared to the present machine. Consequently it becomes crucial to know the distribution of electron beam losses to optimize the radiation shielding and to protect the insertion devices from radiation damage. Such loss maps of the storage ring can be produced thanks to the simulation of the Touschek scattering process along the lattice. It is shown that about 80 % of the beam losses can be collimated in a few chosen locations only, keeping the resulting lifetime reduction smaller than 10 %.
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TUPMA055	Analysis of Possible Beam Losses in the NSLS II Storage Ring	radiation, dipole, storage-ring, electron	1956
	S. Seletskiy, R.P. Fliller, W. Guo, S.L. Kramer, Y. Li, B. Podobedov, T.V. Shaftan, W.H. Wahl, F.J. Willeke BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The NSLS-II accelerators are installed within radiation shielding walls that are designed to attenuate the radiation generated from an assumed beam loss power to a level of <0.5mrem/h at the outer surface of the bulk shield walls. Any operational losses greater than specified level are expected to be addressed by installing supplemental shielding near the loss point in order to attenuate the radiation outside the shield wall to the design level. In this paper we report the analysis of the electron beam mis-steering in the NSLS-II storage ring for the determination of supplementary shielding.
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TUPMA056	Analysis of Possible Beam Losses in the NSLS II BSR Transfer Line	booster, radiation, storage-ring, extraction	1959
	S. Seletskiy, R.P. Fliller, W. Guo, S.L. Kramer, Y. Li, B. Podobedov, T.V. Shaftan, W.H. Wahl, F.J. Willeke BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The NSLS-II accelerators are installed within 0.8 – 1 m thick radiation shielding walls. The safety considerations require attenuating the radiation generated from possible electron beam losses to a level of <0.5mrem/h at the outer surface of the bulk shield walls. Any operational losses greater than specified level shall be addressed by installing supplemental shielding near the loss point. In this paper we discuss simulation studies that identified potential beam loss locations. Results of these studies were used for identification of imposed radiation risks and for specification of the supplemental shielding design necessary to mitigate those risks.
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TUPTY001	Interaction Region for a 100 TeV Proton-Proton Collider	quadrupole, interaction-region, radiation, dipole	1996
	R. Martin, R. Tomás CERN, Geneva, Switzerland B. Dalena CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	As part of its post-LHC high energy physics program, CERN is conducting a study for a new proton-proton collider, FCC-hh, running at center-of-mass energies of up to 100 TeV, pushing the energy frontier of fundamental physics to a new limit. At a circumference of 80-100 km, this machine is planned to use the same tunnel as FCC-ee, a proposed 90-350 GeV high luminosity electron-positron collider. This paper presents the design progress and technical challenges for the interaction region of FCC-hh.
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TUPTY032	Study of Muon Backgrounds in the CLIC Beam Delivery System	collimation, hadron, background, betatron	2075
	F.B. Pilicer, E. Pilicer, I. Tapan UU, Bursa, Turkey H. Burkhardt, L. Gatignon, A. Latina, D. Schulte, R. Tomás CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	We describe the detailed modelling of muon background generation and absorption in the CLIC beam delivery system. The majority of the background muons originates in the first stages of halo collimation. We also discuss options to use magnetised cylindrical iron shields to reduce the muon background flux reaching the detector region.
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TUPTY049	Protection of Superconducting Magnets in Case of Accidental Beam Losses during HL-LHC Injection	injection, vacuum, simulation, kicker	2128
	A. Lechner, M.J. Barnes, C. Bracco, B. Goddard, F.L. Maciariello, A. Perillo Marcone, N.V. Shetty, G.E. Steele, J.A. Uythoven, F.M. Velotti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland F.M. Velotti EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	Funding: Research supported by the High Luminosity LHC project. The LHC injection regions accommodate a system of beam-intercepting devices which protect superconducting magnets and other accelerator components in case of mis-steered injected beam or accidentally kicked stored beam, e.g. due to injection kicker or timing malfunctions. The brightness and intensity increase required by the High Luminosity (HL) upgrade of the LHC necessitates a redesign of some devices to improve their robustness and to reduce the leakage of secondary particle showers to downstream magnets. In this paper, we review possible failure scenarios and we quantify the energy deposition in superconducting coils by means of FLUKA shower calculations. Conceptual design studies for the new protection system are presented, with the main focus on the primary injection protection absorber (TDI) and the adjacent mask (TCDD).
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TUPWI019	Neutron Shielding Optimization Studies	neutron, target, detector, proton	2282
	A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom J.R. Alonso, L.M. Bartoszek, J.M. Conrad MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA M. Shaevitz Columbia University, New York, USA
	The IsoDAR sterile-neutrino search calls for a high neutron flux from a 60 MeV proton beam striking a beryllium target, that flood a sleeve of highly-enriched ⁷Li, the beta-decay of the resulting ⁸Li giving the desired neutrinos for the very-short-baseline experiment. The target is placed very close to an existing large neutrino detector; all such existing or planned detectors are deep underground, in low-background environments. It is necessary to design a shielding enclosure to prevent neutrons from causing unacceptable activation of the environment. GEANT4 is being used to study neutron attenuation, and optimizing the layers of shielding material to minimize thickness. Materials being studied include iron and two new types of concrete developed by Jefferson Laboratory, one very light with shredded plastic aggregate, the other with high quantities of boron. Initial studies indicate that a total shielding thickness of 1.5 meters produces the required attenuation factor, further studies may allow decrease in thickness. Minimizing it will reduce the amount of cavity excavation needed to house the target system in confined underground spaces.
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WEPJE027	Partial Return Yoke for MICE Step IV and Final Step	solenoid, simulation, experiment, instrumentation	2732
	H. Witte, J.S. Berg, S.R. Plate BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA A.D. Bross Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA J.S. Tarrant STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. This paper reports on the progress of the design and construction of a retro-fitted return yoke for the international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE). MICE is a proof-of-principle experiment aiming to demonstrate ionization cooling experimentally. In earlier studies we outlined how a partial return yoke can be used to mitigate stray magnetic field in the experimental hall; we report on the progress of the construction of the partial return yoke for MICE Step IV. We also discuss an extension of the Partial Return Yoke for the final step of MICE; we show simulation results of the expected performance.
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WEPMA012	High-Q Cavity Operation: Study on the Thermoelectrically Induced Contribution to RF Surface Resistance	cavity, simulation, niobium, operation	2771
	J.M. Köszegi, J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler, A. Neumann, A.V. Vélez HZB, Berlin, Germany
	We present a study concerning the operation of a superconducting RF cavity (non-doped niobium) in horizontal testing with the focus on understanding the thermoelectrically induced contribution to the surface resistance. Starting in 2009, we suggested a means of reducing the residual resistance by warming up a cavity after initial cooldown to about 20K and cooling it down again. In subsequent studies we used this technique to manipulate the residual resistance by more than a factor of 2. We postulated that thermocurrents during cooldown generate additional trapped magnetic flux that impacts the cavity quality factor. Since several questions remained open, we present here a more extensive study including measurement of two additional passband modes of the 9-cell cavity that confirms the effect. We also discuss simulations that substantiate the claim. While the layout of the cavity LHe tank system is cylindrically symmetric, we show that the temperature dependence of the material parameters result in a non-symmetric current distribution. Hence a significant amount of magnetic flux can be generated at the RF surface resulting in an increased surface resistance.
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WEPMA050	Permanent Dipole Magnet R&D for SPring-8-II	dipole, quadrupole, permanent-magnet, simulation	2883
	T. Taniuchi, T. Aoki, K. Fukami, S. Takano, T. Watanabe JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan
	Permanent magnets are promising for future light source machines with its compactness, small power consumption. We have proposed a variable-field permanent dipole magnet and demonstrated its performance. Following the result, a prototype magnet with a longitudinal field gradient and a magnetic shunt circuit was designed and fabricated. The longitudinal field gradient enables a lower beam emittance and the magnetic shunt circuit improves a temperature stability of the magnetic field strength. Simulation studies and measurement results are presented in this report. The interference of magnetic fields between neighboring magnets was also investigated. T. Watanabe et al., Proc. of IPAC 2014.
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WEPMA059	Degassing of Kicker Magnet by In-situ Bake-out Method	vacuum, kicker, radiation, plasma	2911
	J. Kamiya, Y. Hikichi, M. Kinsho, N. Ogiwara JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
	New method of in-situ degassing of the kicker magnet in the beam line has been developed. The heater and heat shielding panels are installed in the vacuum chamber in this method. The heater was designed considering the maintainability. The graphite was selected as the heater and the high melting point metals were used as the reflectors just near the heater. The thermal analysis and the temperature measurement with the designed heater was performed. The ideal temperature distribution for the kicker degassing was obtained. The outgassing of the graphite during rising the temperature was measured. The result showed that the outgassing was extremely suppressed by the first heating. This means the outgassing of the graphite heater was negligible as long as it is used in the beam line without exposure to the air.
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WEPTY025	LBNF Hadron Absorber: Mechanical Design and Analysis for 2.4MW Operation	operation, hadron, gun, target	3318
	B.D. Hartsell, K. Anderson, J. Hylen, V.I. Sidorov, S. Tariq Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Fermilab’s Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) requires an absorber, essentially a large beam dump consisting of actively cooled aluminum and steel blocks, at the end of the decay pipe to stop leftover beam particles and provide radiation protection to people and groundwater. At LBNF’s final beam power of 2.4 MW and assuming the worst case condition of a 204 m long helium filled decay pipe, the absorber is required to handle a heat load of about 750 kW. This results in significant thermal management challenges which have been mitigated by the addition of an aluminum ‘spoiler’ and ‘sculpting’ the central portion of the aluminum core blocks. These thermal effects induce structural stresses which can lead to fatigue and creep considerations. Various accident conditions are considered and safety systems are planned to monitor operation and any accident pulses. Results from these thermal and structural analyses will be presented as well as the mechanical design of the absorber. The design allows each of the core blocks to be remotely removed and replaced if necessary. A shielded remote handling structure is incorporated to hold the hadron monitor when it is removed from the beam.
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WEPTY026	Design of a Compact Fatigue Tester for Testing Irradiated Materials	vacuum, operation, status, alignment	3321
	B.D. Hartsell, M.R. Campbell, P. Hurh Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA M.D. Fitton STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom T. Ishida, T. Nakadaira KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	A compact fatigue testing machine that can be easily inserted into a hot cell for characterization of irradiated materials is beneficial to help determine relative fatigue performance differences between new and irradiated material. Hot cell use has been carefully considered by limiting the size and weight of the machine, simplifying sample loading and test setup for operation via master-slave manipulator, and utilizing an efficient design to minimize maintenance. Funded from a US-Japan collaborative effort, the machine has been specifically designed to help characterize titanium material specimens. These specimens are flat cantilevered beams for initial studies, possibly utilizing samples irradiated at other sources of beam. The option to test spherically shaped samples cut from the T2K vacuum window is also available. The machine is able to test a sample to 10⁷ cycles in under a week, with options to count cycles and sense material failure. The design of this machine will be presented along with current status.
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THXC2	Ion Beam Therapy with Ions Heavier than Protons: Performance and Prospects	ion, proton, neutron, radiation	3654
	U. Linz FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	Starting from a short discussion on the pros and cons of heavier ions for therapy, the presentation will concentrate on two aspects of the therapy with ions heavier than protons: technical equipment and choice of ion. As major components of an IBT facility, accelerator and gantry issues will dominate the part on equipment. Biophysical, medical, and economical considerations will be discussed in the part featuring the choice of the proper ion.
	Slides THXC2 [10.744 MB]
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THPF023	Massless Beam Separation System for Intense Ion Beams	septum, dipole, beam-transport, vacuum	3736
	O. Payir, M. Droba, O. Meusel, D. Noll, U. Ratzinger, P.P. Schneider, C. Wiesner IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The ExB chopper* in the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) section of the accelerator-driven neutron source FRANZ** will form the required pulses with a repetition rate of 257 kHz out of the primary 120 keV, 50 mA DC proton beam. A following beam separation system will extract the deflected beam out of the beamline and minimize the thermal load by beam losses in the vacuum chamber. To further avoid an uncontrolled production of secondary particles, a novel massless septum system is designed for the beam separation. The septum system consists of a static C-magnet with optimized pole shapes, which will extract the beam with minimal losses, and a magnetic shielding tube, which will shield the transmitted pulsed beam from the fringing field of the dipole. The magnetic field and the beam transport properties of the system were numerically investigated. A main deflection field of about 250 mT was achieved, whereas the fringing field was reduced to below 0.3 mT on the beam axis at 60 mm distance from the dipole. With this settings, the beam was numerically transported through the system with minimal emittance growth. Manufacturing of the septum system has started. * Wiesner, C., et al. "Chopping High-Intensity Ion Beams at FRANZ", WEIOB01, LINAC 2014. ** Meusel, O., et al. "FRANZ–Accelerator Test Bench And Neutron Source", MO3A03, LINAC 2012.
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THPF120	Design of the LBNF Beamline	target, proton, operation, experiment	3992
	V. Papadimitriou, R. Andrews, J. Hylen, T.R. Kobilarcik, G.E. Krafczyk, A. Marchionni, C.D. Moore, P. Schlabach, S. Tariq Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will utilize a beamline located at Fermilab to carry out a compelling research program in neutrino physics. The facility will aim a wide band neutrino beam toward underground detectors placed at the SURF Facility in South Dakota, about 1,300 km away. The main elements of the facility are a primary proton beamline and a neutrino beamline. The primary proton beam (60-120 GeV) will be extracted from the MI-10 section of Fermilab’s Main Injector. Neutrinos are produced after the protons hit a solid target and produce mesons which are subsequently focused by magnetic horns into a 204m long decay pipe where they decay into muons and neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined taking into account the physics goals, spacial and radiological constraints and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The initial proton beam power is expected to be 1.2 MW, however the facility is designed to be upgradeable to 2.4 MW. We discuss here the design status and the associated challenges as well as plans for improvements before baselining the facility.
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THPF124	Energy Deposition and Radiological Studies for the LBNF Hadron Absorber	target, hadron, operation, radiation	4007
	I.L. Rakhno, N.V. Mokhov, I.S. Tropin Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA Y.I. Eidelman Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Results of optimization energy deposition and radiological studies performed for the LBNF hadron absorber system are presented. The model of the LBNF complex starting from the beam extraction from the Main Injector and primary beam line through the pion-production target, focusing horns, target chase, decay channel, hadron absorber system with its beam instrumentation and civil infrastructure – all with corresponding radiation shielding – was developed using the ROOT-based geometry option in the MARS15 code. Both normal operation and accidental conditions were studied for the 120-GeV proton beam at 2.4 MW. Various design options were considered, in particular: (i) the absorber mask material and shape; (ii) the beam spoiler material and size; (iii) sculpted core aluminum blocks; (iv) various configurations of the core and its shielding and (v) numerous modifications of the overall system configurations. These helped find the optimal design solution for the absorber lifetime and radiation levels in the service building and environment to be within the design goals with an adequate safety margin.
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOBD1

Preliminary Design of the High-Luminosity LHC Beam Screen with Shielding

vacuum, luminosity, cryogenics, impedance

60

C. Garion, V. Baglin, R. Kersevan
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A new beam screen is needed in the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) final focusing magnets. Such an essential vacuum component, while operating in the range 40-60 K, has to ensure the vacuum performance and to prevent the beam-induced heating from reaching the cold bore which is at 1.9 K. In addition, they have to shield the cold mass from physics debris coming from the nearby beam collision points. To such purpose, energy absorbers made of tungsten alloy are installed onto the beam screen in the vacuum system. In this contribution, the proposed mechanical design is shown; it covers different thermomechanical aspects such as the behaviour during a magnet quench and the heat transfer from the tungsten absorbers to the cooling tubes. Assembly and manufacturing tolerances are also considered to evaluate the impact on the aperture. Results obtained with a short prototype assembly test are discussed.

Slides MOBD1 [3.089 MB]

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MOPHA030

Commissioning of the Low-Noise MTCA.4-based Local Oscillator and Clock Generation Module

hardware, monitoring, distributed, controls

847

U. Mavrič, J. Branlard, M. Hoffmann, F. Ludwig, H. Schlarb
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
D.R. Makowski, A. Mielczarek, P. Perek
TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland
A. Rohlev
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy

Funding: Helmholtz Validation Fund Project "MicroTCA.4 for Industry"
Within the Helmholtz Validation Fund Project "MicroTCA.4 for Industry", DESY together with collaboration partners from industry and research developed a compact fully MicroTCA chassis-integrated local RF oscillator module. The local oscillator and clock generation module generates a low noise local oscillator out of the global reference that is distributed over the accelerator. The module includes a splitting section which provides 9 local oscillator signals which are distributed over the RF-Backplane to the rear-transition modules. Similarly, the clock signal is also generated out of a single reference input by means of low-noise dividers. The clock is then fan-out to 22 differential lines that are routed over the RF backplane to the rear-transition modules. The functional block is implemented such that it fits in the rear slots 15 and 14 of a standard MTCA.4 crate. In the paper the commissioning results measured on the L3 low-level RF stations of the European XFEL will be presented.

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MOPWI017

Beam Extinction Monitoring in the Mu2e Experiment

proton, target, detector, experiment

1185

E. Prebys, A. Gaponenko, P.H. Kasper
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
L.M. Bartoszek
Bartoszek Engineering, Aurora, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the US Department of Energy under contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359.
The Mu2e Experiment at Fermilab will search for the conversion of a muon to an electron in the field of an atomic nucleus with unprecedented sensitivity. The experiment requires a beam consisting of proton bunches approximately 200ns FW long, separated by 1.7 microseconds, with no out-of-time protons at the 10^-10 fractional level. The verification of this level of extinction is very challenging. The proposed technique uses a special purpose spectrometer which will observe particles scattered from the production target of the experiment. The acceptance will be limited such that there will be no saturation effects from the in-time beam. The precise level and profile of the out-of-time beam can then be built up statistically, by integrating over many bunches.

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TUAD2

Comparison between Measured and Computed Temperatures of the Internal High Energy Beam Dump in the CERN SPS

simulation, target, dumping, kicker

1373

G.E. Steele, R. Folch, V. Kain, I.V. Leitao, R. Losito, C. Maglioni, F. Pasdeloup, A. Perillo-Marcone, F.M. Velotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The SPS high energy internal dump (TIDVG) is designed to receive beam dumps from 10².2 to 450 GeV. The absorbing core is composed of 2.5m graphite, followed by 1m of aluminium, then 0.5m of copper and finally 0.3m of tungsten, all of which is surrounded by a water cooled copper jacket. An inspection during Long Shutdown 1 revealed significant beam induced damage to the Al section of the dump block. Temperature sensors were installed to monitor the new dump replacing the damaged one. This paper summarises the correlation between the temperature measured as a function of the energy deposited and the same temperatures computed in a numerical model combining FLUKA and ANSYS simulations. The goal of this study is the assessment of the thermal contact quality between the beam absorbing blocks and the copper jacket, by analysing the cooling times observed from the measurements and from the thermo-mechanical simulations. This paper presents an improved method to estimate the efficiency and long term reliability of the cooling of this type of design, with the view of optimising the performance of future dump versions.

Slides TUAD2 [5.768 MB]

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TUPWA017

Collimation scheme for the ESRF Upgrade

lattice, radiation, collimation, beam-losses

1434

R. Versteegen, P. Berkvens, N. Carmignani, L. Farvacque, S.M. Liuzzo, B. Nash, T.P. Perron, P. Raimondi, S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France

The ultra low emittance foreseen for the ESRF Upgrade will translate into a limited Touschek lifetime, increasing substantially the loss rate around the ring compared to the present machine. Consequently it becomes crucial to know the distribution of electron beam losses to optimize the radiation shielding and to protect the insertion devices from radiation damage. Such loss maps of the storage ring can be produced thanks to the simulation of the Touschek scattering process along the lattice. It is shown that about 80 % of the beam losses can be collimated in a few chosen locations only, keeping the resulting lifetime reduction smaller than 10 %.

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TUPMA055

Analysis of Possible Beam Losses in the NSLS II Storage Ring

radiation, dipole, storage-ring, electron

1956

S. Seletskiy, R.P. Fliller, W. Guo, S.L. Kramer, Y. Li, B. Podobedov, T.V. Shaftan, W.H. Wahl, F.J. Willeke
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The NSLS-II accelerators are installed within radiation shielding walls that are designed to attenuate the radiation generated from an assumed beam loss power to a level of <0.5mrem/h at the outer surface of the bulk shield walls. Any operational losses greater than specified level are expected to be addressed by installing supplemental shielding near the loss point in order to attenuate the radiation outside the shield wall to the design level. In this paper we report the analysis of the electron beam mis-steering in the NSLS-II storage ring for the determination of supplementary shielding.

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TUPMA056

Analysis of Possible Beam Losses in the NSLS II BSR Transfer Line

booster, radiation, storage-ring, extraction

1959

S. Seletskiy, R.P. Fliller, W. Guo, S.L. Kramer, Y. Li, B. Podobedov, T.V. Shaftan, W.H. Wahl, F.J. Willeke
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The NSLS-II accelerators are installed within 0.8 – 1 m thick radiation shielding walls. The safety considerations require attenuating the radiation generated from possible electron beam losses to a level of <0.5mrem/h at the outer surface of the bulk shield walls. Any operational losses greater than specified level shall be addressed by installing supplemental shielding near the loss point. In this paper we discuss simulation studies that identified potential beam loss locations. Results of these studies were used for identification of imposed radiation risks and for specification of the supplemental shielding design necessary to mitigate those risks.

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TUPTY001

Interaction Region for a 100 TeV Proton-Proton Collider

quadrupole, interaction-region, radiation, dipole

1996

R. Martin, R. Tomás
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
B. Dalena
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

As part of its post-LHC high energy physics program, CERN is conducting a study for a new proton-proton collider, FCC-hh, running at center-of-mass energies of up to 100 TeV, pushing the energy frontier of fundamental physics to a new limit. At a circumference of 80-100 km, this machine is planned to use the same tunnel as FCC-ee, a proposed 90-350 GeV high luminosity electron-positron collider. This paper presents the design progress and technical challenges for the interaction region of FCC-hh.

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TUPTY032

Study of Muon Backgrounds in the CLIC Beam Delivery System

collimation, hadron, background, betatron

2075

F.B. Pilicer, E. Pilicer, I. Tapan
UU, Bursa, Turkey
H. Burkhardt, L. Gatignon, A. Latina, D. Schulte, R. Tomás
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

We describe the detailed modelling of muon background generation and absorption in the CLIC beam delivery system. The majority of the background muons originates in the first stages of halo collimation. We also discuss options to use magnetised cylindrical iron shields to reduce the muon background flux reaching the detector region.

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TUPTY049

Protection of Superconducting Magnets in Case of Accidental Beam Losses during HL-LHC Injection

injection, vacuum, simulation, kicker

2128

A. Lechner, M.J. Barnes, C. Bracco, B. Goddard, F.L. Maciariello, A. Perillo Marcone, N.V. Shetty, G.E. Steele, J.A. Uythoven, F.M. Velotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
F.M. Velotti
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Funding: Research supported by the High Luminosity LHC project.
The LHC injection regions accommodate a system of beam-intercepting devices which protect superconducting magnets and other accelerator components in case of mis-steered injected beam or accidentally kicked stored beam, e.g. due to injection kicker or timing malfunctions. The brightness and intensity increase required by the High Luminosity (HL) upgrade of the LHC necessitates a redesign of some devices to improve their robustness and to reduce the leakage of secondary particle showers to downstream magnets. In this paper, we review possible failure scenarios and we quantify the energy deposition in superconducting coils by means of FLUKA shower calculations. Conceptual design studies for the new protection system are presented, with the main focus on the primary injection protection absorber (TDI) and the adjacent mask (TCDD).

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TUPWI019

Neutron Shielding Optimization Studies

neutron, target, detector, proton

2282

A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
J.R. Alonso, L.M. Bartoszek, J.M. Conrad
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
M. Shaevitz
Columbia University, New York, USA

The IsoDAR sterile-neutrino search calls for a high neutron flux from a 60 MeV proton beam striking a beryllium target, that flood a sleeve of highly-enriched ⁷Li, the beta-decay of the resulting ⁸Li giving the desired neutrinos for the very-short-baseline experiment. The target is placed very close to an existing large neutrino detector; all such existing or planned detectors are deep underground, in low-background environments. It is necessary to design a shielding enclosure to prevent neutrons from causing unacceptable activation of the environment. GEANT4 is being used to study neutron attenuation, and optimizing the layers of shielding material to minimize thickness. Materials being studied include iron and two new types of concrete developed by Jefferson Laboratory, one very light with shredded plastic aggregate, the other with high quantities of boron. Initial studies indicate that a total shielding thickness of 1.5 meters produces the required attenuation factor, further studies may allow decrease in thickness. Minimizing it will reduce the amount of cavity excavation needed to house the target system in confined underground spaces.

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WEPJE027

Partial Return Yoke for MICE Step IV and Final Step

solenoid, simulation, experiment, instrumentation

2732

H. Witte, J.S. Berg, S.R. Plate
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
A.D. Bross
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
J.S. Tarrant
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
This paper reports on the progress of the design and construction of a retro-fitted return yoke for the international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE). MICE is a proof-of-principle experiment aiming to demonstrate ionization cooling experimentally. In earlier studies we outlined how a partial return yoke can be used to mitigate stray magnetic field in the experimental hall; we report on the progress of the construction of the partial return yoke for MICE Step IV. We also discuss an extension of the Partial Return Yoke for the final step of MICE; we show simulation results of the expected performance.

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WEPMA012

High-Q Cavity Operation: Study on the Thermoelectrically Induced Contribution to RF Surface Resistance

cavity, simulation, niobium, operation

2771

J.M. Köszegi, J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler, A. Neumann, A.V. Vélez
HZB, Berlin, Germany

We present a study concerning the operation of a superconducting RF cavity (non-doped niobium) in horizontal testing with the focus on understanding the thermoelectrically induced contribution to the surface resistance. Starting in 2009, we suggested a means of reducing the residual resistance by warming up a cavity after initial cooldown to about 20K and cooling it down again. In subsequent studies we used this technique to manipulate the residual resistance by more than a factor of 2. We postulated that thermocurrents during cooldown generate additional trapped magnetic flux that impacts the cavity quality factor. Since several questions remained open, we present here a more extensive study including measurement of two additional passband modes of the 9-cell cavity that confirms the effect. We also discuss simulations that substantiate the claim. While the layout of the cavity LHe tank system is cylindrically symmetric, we show that the temperature dependence of the material parameters result in a non-symmetric current distribution. Hence a significant amount of magnetic flux can be generated at the RF surface resulting in an increased surface resistance.

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WEPMA050

Permanent Dipole Magnet R&D for SPring-8-II

dipole, quadrupole, permanent-magnet, simulation

2883

T. Taniuchi, T. Aoki, K. Fukami, S. Takano, T. Watanabe
JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan

Permanent magnets are promising for future light source machines with its compactness, small power consumption. We have proposed a variable-field permanent dipole magnet and demonstrated its performance*. Following the result, a prototype magnet with a longitudinal field gradient and a magnetic shunt circuit was designed and fabricated. The longitudinal field gradient enables a lower beam emittance and the magnetic shunt circuit improves a temperature stability of the magnetic field strength. Simulation studies and measurement results are presented in this report. The interference of magnetic fields between neighboring magnets was also investigated.
* T. Watanabe et al., Proc. of IPAC 2014.

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WEPMA059

Degassing of Kicker Magnet by In-situ Bake-out Method

vacuum, kicker, radiation, plasma

2911

J. Kamiya, Y. Hikichi, M. Kinsho, N. Ogiwara
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

New method of in-situ degassing of the kicker magnet in the beam line has been developed. The heater and heat shielding panels are installed in the vacuum chamber in this method. The heater was designed considering the maintainability. The graphite was selected as the heater and the high melting point metals were used as the reflectors just near the heater. The thermal analysis and the temperature measurement with the designed heater was performed. The ideal temperature distribution for the kicker degassing was obtained. The outgassing of the graphite during rising the temperature was measured. The result showed that the outgassing was extremely suppressed by the first heating. This means the outgassing of the graphite heater was negligible as long as it is used in the beam line without exposure to the air.

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WEPTY025

LBNF Hadron Absorber: Mechanical Design and Analysis for 2.4MW Operation

operation, hadron, gun, target

3318

B.D. Hartsell, K. Anderson, J. Hylen, V.I. Sidorov, S. Tariq
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Fermilab’s Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) requires an absorber, essentially a large beam dump consisting of actively cooled aluminum and steel blocks, at the end of the decay pipe to stop leftover beam particles and provide radiation protection to people and groundwater. At LBNF’s final beam power of 2.4 MW and assuming the worst case condition of a 204 m long helium filled decay pipe, the absorber is required to handle a heat load of about 750 kW. This results in significant thermal management challenges which have been mitigated by the addition of an aluminum ‘spoiler’ and ‘sculpting’ the central portion of the aluminum core blocks. These thermal effects induce structural stresses which can lead to fatigue and creep considerations. Various accident conditions are considered and safety systems are planned to monitor operation and any accident pulses. Results from these thermal and structural analyses will be presented as well as the mechanical design of the absorber. The design allows each of the core blocks to be remotely removed and replaced if necessary. A shielded remote handling structure is incorporated to hold the hadron monitor when it is removed from the beam.

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WEPTY026

Design of a Compact Fatigue Tester for Testing Irradiated Materials

vacuum, operation, status, alignment

3321

B.D. Hartsell, M.R. Campbell, P. Hurh
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M.D. Fitton
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
T. Ishida, T. Nakadaira
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

A compact fatigue testing machine that can be easily inserted into a hot cell for characterization of irradiated materials is beneficial to help determine relative fatigue performance differences between new and irradiated material. Hot cell use has been carefully considered by limiting the size and weight of the machine, simplifying sample loading and test setup for operation via master-slave manipulator, and utilizing an efficient design to minimize maintenance. Funded from a US-Japan collaborative effort, the machine has been specifically designed to help characterize titanium material specimens. These specimens are flat cantilevered beams for initial studies, possibly utilizing samples irradiated at other sources of beam. The option to test spherically shaped samples cut from the T2K vacuum window is also available. The machine is able to test a sample to 10⁷ cycles in under a week, with options to count cycles and sense material failure. The design of this machine will be presented along with current status.

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THXC2

Ion Beam Therapy with Ions Heavier than Protons: Performance and Prospects

ion, proton, neutron, radiation

3654

U. Linz
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

Starting from a short discussion on the pros and cons of heavier ions for therapy, the presentation will concentrate on two aspects of the therapy with ions heavier than protons: technical equipment and choice of ion. As major components of an IBT facility, accelerator and gantry issues will dominate the part on equipment. Biophysical, medical, and economical considerations will be discussed in the part featuring the choice of the proper ion.

Slides THXC2 [10.744 MB]

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THPF023

Massless Beam Separation System for Intense Ion Beams

septum, dipole, beam-transport, vacuum

3736

O. Payir, M. Droba, O. Meusel, D. Noll, U. Ratzinger, P.P. Schneider, C. Wiesner
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The ExB chopper* in the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) section of the accelerator-driven neutron source FRANZ** will form the required pulses with a repetition rate of 257 kHz out of the primary 120 keV, 50 mA DC proton beam. A following beam separation system will extract the deflected beam out of the beamline and minimize the thermal load by beam losses in the vacuum chamber. To further avoid an uncontrolled production of secondary particles, a novel massless septum system is designed for the beam separation. The septum system consists of a static C-magnet with optimized pole shapes, which will extract the beam with minimal losses, and a magnetic shielding tube, which will shield the transmitted pulsed beam from the fringing field of the dipole. The magnetic field and the beam transport properties of the system were numerically investigated. A main deflection field of about 250 mT was achieved, whereas the fringing field was reduced to below 0.3 mT on the beam axis at 60 mm distance from the dipole. With this settings, the beam was numerically transported through the system with minimal emittance growth. Manufacturing of the septum system has started.
* Wiesner, C., et al. "Chopping High-Intensity Ion Beams at FRANZ", WEIOB01, LINAC 2014.
** Meusel, O., et al. "FRANZ–Accelerator Test Bench And Neutron Source", MO3A03, LINAC 2012.

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THPF120

Design of the LBNF Beamline

target, proton, operation, experiment

3992

V. Papadimitriou, R. Andrews, J. Hylen, T.R. Kobilarcik, G.E. Krafczyk, A. Marchionni, C.D. Moore, P. Schlabach, S. Tariq
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will utilize a beamline located at Fermilab to carry out a compelling research program in neutrino physics. The facility will aim a wide band neutrino beam toward underground detectors placed at the SURF Facility in South Dakota, about 1,300 km away. The main elements of the facility are a primary proton beamline and a neutrino beamline. The primary proton beam (60-120 GeV) will be extracted from the MI-10 section of Fermilab’s Main Injector. Neutrinos are produced after the protons hit a solid target and produce mesons which are subsequently focused by magnetic horns into a 204m long decay pipe where they decay into muons and neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined taking into account the physics goals, spacial and radiological constraints and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The initial proton beam power is expected to be 1.2 MW, however the facility is designed to be upgradeable to 2.4 MW. We discuss here the design status and the associated challenges as well as plans for improvements before baselining the facility.

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THPF124

Energy Deposition and Radiological Studies for the LBNF Hadron Absorber

target, hadron, operation, radiation

4007

I.L. Rakhno, N.V. Mokhov, I.S. Tropin
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
Y.I. Eidelman
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA

Funding: This work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Results of optimization energy deposition and radiological studies performed for the LBNF hadron absorber system are presented. The model of the LBNF complex starting from the beam extraction from the Main Injector and primary beam line through the pion-production target, focusing horns, target chase, decay channel, hadron absorber system with its beam instrumentation and civil infrastructure – all with corresponding radiation shielding – was developed using the ROOT-based geometry option in the MARS15 code. Both normal operation and accidental conditions were studied for the 120-GeV proton beam at 2.4 MW. Various design options were considered, in particular: (i) the absorber mask material and shape; (ii) the beam spoiler material and size; (iii) sculpted core aluminum blocks; (iv) various configurations of the core and its shielding and (v) numerous modifications of the overall system configurations. These helped find the optimal design solution for the absorber lifetime and radiation levels in the service building and environment to be within the design goals with an adequate safety margin.

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