IPAC2015 - List of Keywords (hadron)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPWA005	Comparison between Digital Filters and Singular Value Decomposition to Reduce Noise in LHC Orbits used for Action and Phase Jump Analysis	simulation, quadrupole, collider, resonance	83
	A.C. García-Bonilla, J.F. Cardona UNAL, Bogota D.C, Colombia
	Funding: Fundación Para la Promoción de la Investigación y la Tecnología del Banco de la República and DIB (División de Investigación de Bogotá). One of the initial difficulties to apply the Action and Phase Jump (APJ) analysis to LHC orbits was the high level of noise present in the BPM measurements. On the other hand, the unprecedented number of turns for LHC allows us to use all sort of filters. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of digital filters like the band-pass filter and compare them with a filter based on Singular Value Decomposition, when magnetic error estimations are made using a recent version of the APJ method. First, mainly results on simulated orbits with noise are presented, and then, plots and results are shown for the filters effect on experimental data. The analysis indicates that a combination of filters leads to measurements with the least uncertainty.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPWA005
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MOPJE052	Observations of an Anomalous Octupolar Resonance in the LHC	simulation, resonance, dipole, betatron	412
	F.S. Carlier, J.M. Coello de Portugal, A. Langner, E.H. Maclean, T. Persson, R. Tomás, R. Westenberger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	While linear LHC dynamics is mostly understood and under control, non-linear beam dynamics will play an increasingly important role in the challenging regimes of future LHC operation. In 2012, turn-by-turn measurements of large betatron excitations of LHC Beam 2 at injection energy were carried out. These measurements revealed an unexpectedly large spectral line in the horizontal motion with frequency Qx+2Qy. Detailed analyses and simulations are presented to unveil the nature of this spectral line.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPJE052
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MOPJE062	Testing Aspects of Advanced Coherent Electron Cooling Technique	electron, bunching, FEL, collider	445
	V. Litvinenko, Y.C. Jing, I. Pinayev, G. Wang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA D.F. Ratner SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA V. Samulyak SBU, Stony Brook, USA
	An advanced version of the coherent-electron cooling based on the microbunching instability was proposed in . This approach promised to significantly increase the bandwidth of the system and, therefore, significantly shorter cooling time in high energy hadron colliders. In this paper we present our plans of simulating and testing the key aspects of this proposed technique using the set-up of the coherent-electron-cooling proof-of-principle experiment at BNL. D.F. Ratner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 084802 (2013)
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPJE062
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MOPJE073	The Extreme Beams Initiative in EuCARD-2	collider, polarization, linac, diagnostics	483
	G. Franchetti, J. Struckmeier GSI, Darmstadt, Germany K. Aulenbacher IKP, Mainz, Germany F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	EuCARD-2 is an Integration Activity on accelerator R&D co-funded within the European Union’s 7th Framework Programme. The Extreme Beams (XBEAM) network of EuCARD-2 extends, and goes beyond the scope of, the previous Networking Activities of CARE-HHH and EuCARD(-1) EuroLumi. XBEAM addresses, and pushes, all accelerator frontiers: luminosity, energy, beam power, beam intensity, and polarization. This is realized through five tasks: Coordination and Communication, Extreme Colliders (XCOL)m Extreme Performance Rings (XRING), Extreme SC Linacs (XLINAC), and Extreme Polarization (XPOL), respectively. In the first two years of EuCARD-2, XBEAM (co-)organised more than 15 topical workshops: the upgrade of KEKB in Japan, crystal channelling, the advancement of the CERN facilities, e.g. LHC upgrades and the Future Circular Collider, magnet optimization, space-charge effects, the commissioning of proton linacs, with emphasis on the ESS, key questions for lepton spin polarization, storage rings for measuring the electric dipole moment of electrons or protons. This presentation reports the major achievements of the XBEAM activity from 2013 to 2015, and outlines the further plans through 2017.
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MOPMN019	Understanding the Effect of Space Charge on Instabilities	space-charge, synchrotron, impedance, operation	743
	M. Blaskiewicz BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA A. Chao SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA Y.H. Chin KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The combined effects of space charge and wall impedance on transverse instabilities is an important consideration in the design and operation of hadron machines as well as an intrinsic academic interest. This study explores the combined effects of space charge and wall impedance using various simplified models in an attempt to produce a better understanding of their interplay.
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MOPMN027	Optimization of Dynamic Aperture for Hadron Lattices in eRHIC	sextupole, lattice, storage-ring, collider	757
	Y.C. Jing, V. Litvinenko, D. Trbojevic BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The potential upgrade of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to an electron ion collider (eRHIC) involves numerous extensive changes to the existing collider complex. The expected very high luminosity is planned to be achieved at eRHIC with the help of squeezing the beta function of the hadron ring at the IP to a few cm, causing a large rise of the natural chromaticities and thus bringing with it challenges for the beam long term stability (Dynamic aperture). We present our effort to expand the DA by carefully tuning the nonlinear magnets thus controlling the size of the footprints in tune space and all lower order resonance driving terms. We show a reasonably large DA through particle tracking over millions of turns of beam revolution.
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MOPTY016	Study of Diamond Detector Application at the Front End of a High Intensity Hadron Accelerator	detector, radiation, cavity, proton	972
	G. Ren, D.H. He, W. Li, Y. Li USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China M. Zeng Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Diamond detectors function as beam loss or luminosity monitors for high energy accelerators, such as LHC, Babar, etc. Because of regular detectors‘ insufficient protection of the front end, diamond detectors owning significant characteristics, like time resolution in the nanosecond range, radiation hardness and negligible temperature dependence. Thus, diamond detectors have been becoming promising candidates for detecting BLMs of fully super-conducting hadron accelerator, such as C-ADS, FRIB. In this paper, the sensitivity of diamond detectors was simulated by Monte Carlo program FLUKA and GEAN4. Meanwhile, we tested the performance of a new prototype of CVD diamond detector, and compared it with Si-PIN and Bergoz detectors at the storage ring of the HLS II. The results of the diamond detector were consistent with other two detectors well. More evaluation of diamond detectors in low energy radiation field are ongoing.
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MOPTY040	Hadron BPM for the FAIR Project	instrumentation, controls, interface, diagnostics	1016
	M. Žnidarčič, E. Janezic, P. Leban I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia K. Lang GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The accelerators of the Facility for Anti-proton and Ion Research are designed to deliver stable and rare isotope beams covering a huge range of intensities and beam energies. FAIR will employ heavy ion synchrotrons for highest intensities, anti-proton and rare isotope production stations, high resolution separators and several storage rings where beam cooling can be applied. Instrumentation Technologies will develop and deliver a beam diagnostic system for SIS100, HESR and CR rings. Furthermore the beam transfers will be equipped with the beam position diagnostics. The project is on schedule and the first instrument prototypes are already being under evaluation. This article discusses the new BPM electronics concept, the tests performed in the laboratory and the performance obtained.
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MOPTY053	Electromagnetic Design and Optimization of Directivity of Stripline Beam Position Monitors for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider	luminosity, simulation, impedance, collider	1051
	D. Draskovic, C.B. Boccard, O.R. Jones, T. Lefèvre, M. Wendt CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	This paper presents the preliminary electromagnetic design of a stripline Beam Position Monitor (BPM) for the High Luminosity program of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN. The design is fitted into a new octagonal shielded Beam Screen for the low-beta triplets and is optimized for high directivity. It also includes internal Tungsten absorbers, required to reduce the energy deposition in the superconducting magnets. The achieved broadband directivity in wakefield solver simulations presents significant improvement over the directivity of the current stripline BPMs installed in the LHC.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPTY053
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MOPWI018	New Hadron Monitor By Using A Gas-Filled RF Resonator	electron, plasma, proton, radiation	1189
	K. Yonehara, A.V. Tollestrup, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA G. Fasce CNI, Roma, Italy G. Flanagan, R.P. Johnson Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
	It is trend to build an intense neutrino beam facility for the fundamental physics research, e.g. LBNF at Fermilab, T2K at KEK, and CNGS at CERN. They have investigated a hadron monitor to diagnose the primary/secondary beam quality. The existing hadron monitor based on an ionization chamber is not robust in the high-radiation environment vicinity of MW-class secondary particle production targets. We propose a gas-filled RF resonator to use as the hadron monitor since it is simple and hence radiation robust in this environment. When charged particles pass through the resonator they produce ionized plasma via the Coulomb interaction with the inert gas. The beam-induced plasma changes the permittivity of inert gas. As a result, a resonant frequency in the resonator shifts with the amount of ionized electrons. The radiation sensitivity is adjustable by the inert gas pressure and the RF amplitude. The hadron profile will be reconstructed with a tomography technique in the hodoscope which consists of X, Y, and theta layers by using a strip-shaped gas resonator. The sensitivity and possible system design will be shown in this presentation.
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TUPTY032	Study of Muon Backgrounds in the CLIC Beam Delivery System	shielding, collimation, background, betatron	2075
	F.B. Pilicer, E. Pilicer, I. Tapan UU, Bursa, Turkey H. Burkhardt, L. Gatignon, A. Latina, D. Schulte, R. Tomás CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	We describe the detailed modelling of muon background generation and absorption in the CLIC beam delivery system. The majority of the background muons originates in the first stages of halo collimation. We also discuss options to use magnetised cylindrical iron shields to reduce the muon background flux reaching the detector region.
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TUPTY033	Civil Engineering Optimisation Tool for the Study of CERN's Future Circular Colliders	collider, alignment, civil-engineering, database	2079
	C. Cook, B. Goddard, P. Lebrun, J.A. Osborne, Y. Robert CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: CERN The feasibility of Future Circular Colliders (FCC), possible successors to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), is currently under investigation at CERN. This paper describes how CERN’s civil engineering team are utilising an interactive tool containing a 3D geological model of the Geneva basin. This tool will be used to investigate the optimal position of the proposed 80km-100km tunnel. The benefits of using digital modelling during the feasibility stage are discussed and some early results of the process are presented.
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TUPTY042	Non-linear Coupling Studies in the LHC	coupling, octupole, collider, simulation	2105
	T. Persson, Y.I. Levinsen, E.H. Maclean, R. Tomás CERN, Geneva, Switzerland E.H. Maclean JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	The amplitude detuning has been observed to decrease significantly as the horizontal and vertical tunes are approaching each other. This effect is potentially harmful since it might cause a loss of Landau damping, hence giving rise to instabilities. The measured tune split (Qx-Qy) versus amplitude is several times bigger than what can be explained with linear coupling. In this paper we present studies performed to identify the dominant sources of the non-linear coupling observed in the LHC.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-TUPTY042
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TUPTY047	ERL with Non-Scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Lattice for eRHIC	electron, linac, collider, ion	2120
	D. Trbojevic, J.S. Berg, S.J. Brooks, Y. Hao, V. Litvinenko, C. Liu, F. Méot, M.G. Minty, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, P. Thieberger, N. Tsoupas BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work performed under Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the auspices of the US Department of Energy. The proposed eRHIC electron-hadron collider uses a "non-scaling FFAG" lattice to recirculate 16 turns of different energy through just two beamlines located in the RHIC tunnel. This paper presents lattices for these two FFAGs that are optimised for low magnet field and to minimise total synchrotron radiation across the energy range. The higher number of recirculations in the FFAG allows a shorter linac (1.322GeV) to be used, drastically reducing cost, while still achieving a 21.2GeV maximum energy to collide with one of the existing RHIC hadron rings at up to 250GeV. eRHIC uses many cost-saving measures in addition to the FFAG: the linac operates in energy recovery mode, so the beams also decelerate via the same FFAG loops and energy is recovered from the interacted beam. All magnets will constructed from NdFeB permanent magnet material, meaning chillers and large magnet power supplies are not needed. This paper also describes a smaller prototype ERL-FFAG accelerator that will test all of these technologies in combination to reduce technical risk for eRHIC.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-TUPTY047
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WEXC1	Machine and Personnel Protection for High Power Hadron Linacs	linac, radiation, ion, controls	2418
	M. Ikegami FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Machine and personnel safety are increasingly important for high power hadron linacs as involved beam power increases. Design requirements and characteristic features of machine protection system and personnel protection system for operating and proposed high power hadron linacs, such as J-PARC, SNS, FRIB, ESS, and IFMIF, are reviewed.
	Slides WEXC1 [9.859 MB]
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WEAB1	Compensating Tune Spread Induced by Space Charge in Bunched Beams	electron, space-charge, proton, collider	2450
	V. Litvinenko Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA G. Wang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The effects of space charge play a significant role in modern-day accelerators, frequently constraining the beam parameters attainable in an accelerator or in an accelerator chain. They also can limit the luminosity of hadron colliders operating either at low energies or with sub-TeV high-brightness hadron beams. The latter is applied for strongly cooled proton and ion beams in eRHIC – the proposed future electron-ion collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Several schemes were proposed to compensate for space charge effects in a coasting (e.g., continuous) hadron beam, and some have been tested. Using an appropriate transverse profile of the electron beam (or plasma column) for a coasting beam would compensate both the tune shift and the tune spread in the hadron beam. But none of these methods address the issue of compensating space-charge induced tune spread in a bunched hadron beam. In this paper we propose and evaluate a novel idea of using a co-propagating electron bunch with miss-matched longitudinal velocity to compensate the space charge induced tune-shift and tune spread. We present several practical examples of such a system.
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WEPHA003	Measurement of NEG Coating Performance Variation in the LHC after the First Long Shutdown	vacuum, simulation, collider, injection	3100
	V. Bencini, V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi, P. Chiggiato, R. Kersevan, C. Yin Vallgren CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	During the Long Shutdown 1 (LS1) of the Large Hadron Collider, 90% of the Non-Evaporable Getter (NEG) coated beam pipes in the Long Straight Sections (LSS) were vented to undertake the planned upgrade and consolidation programmes. After each intervention, an additional bake-out and NEG activation were performed to reach the vacuum requirements. An analysis of the coating performance variation after the additional activation cycle has been carried out by using ultimate pressure and pressure build-up measurements. In addition, laboratory measurements have been carried out to mimic the LHC coated beam pipe behaviour. The experimental data have been compared with calculation obtained by Molflow+.
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WEPTY025	LBNF Hadron Absorber: Mechanical Design and Analysis for 2.4MW Operation	operation, shielding, gun, target	3318
	B.D. Hartsell, K. Anderson, J. Hylen, V.I. Sidorov, S. Tariq Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Fermilab’s Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) requires an absorber, essentially a large beam dump consisting of actively cooled aluminum and steel blocks, at the end of the decay pipe to stop leftover beam particles and provide radiation protection to people and groundwater. At LBNF’s final beam power of 2.4 MW and assuming the worst case condition of a 204 m long helium filled decay pipe, the absorber is required to handle a heat load of about 750 kW. This results in significant thermal management challenges which have been mitigated by the addition of an aluminum ‘spoiler’ and ‘sculpting’ the central portion of the aluminum core blocks. These thermal effects induce structural stresses which can lead to fatigue and creep considerations. Various accident conditions are considered and safety systems are planned to monitor operation and any accident pulses. Results from these thermal and structural analyses will be presented as well as the mechanical design of the absorber. The design allows each of the core blocks to be remotely removed and replaced if necessary. A shielded remote handling structure is incorporated to hold the hadron monitor when it is removed from the beam.
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WEPTY041	DESIGN CONCEPT AND PARAMETERS OF A 15 T Nb3Sn DIPOLE DEMONSTRATOR FOR A 100 TEV HADRON COLLIDER	dipole, collider, controls, magnet-design	3365
	A.V. Zlobin, N. Andreev, E.Z. Barzi, V.V. Kashikhin, I. Novitski Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: *Work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy Hadron Colliders (HC) are the most powerful discovery tools in modern high energy physics. A 100 TeV HC in a ~100 km tunnel with a nominal operation field of ~15 T is being considered for the post-LHC era. The choice of a 15 T nominal field requires using the Nb3Sn technology. Practical demonstration of this field level in an accelerator-quality magnet and substantial reduction of magnet costs are key conditions for the realization of such a machine. FNAL has started the development of a 15 T Nb3Sn dipole demonstrator for a 100 TeV HC. As a first step in this direction, the existing 11 T dipole magnet, developed for LHC upgrades, will be modified by adding two layers to achieve the nominal field of 15 T in a 60 mm aperture. As the next step, to increase the field margin the innermost 2-layer coil will be replaced with an optimized coil using the conductor grading approach. This paper describes the design concept and parameters of the 15 T Nb3Sn dipole demonstrators. Magnetic, mechanical and quench protection issues are discussed.
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THPF124	Energy Deposition and Radiological Studies for the LBNF Hadron Absorber	target, operation, radiation, shielding	4007
	I.L. Rakhno, N.V. Mokhov, I.S. Tropin Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA Y.I. Eidelman Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Results of optimization energy deposition and radiological studies performed for the LBNF hadron absorber system are presented. The model of the LBNF complex starting from the beam extraction from the Main Injector and primary beam line through the pion-production target, focusing horns, target chase, decay channel, hadron absorber system with its beam instrumentation and civil infrastructure – all with corresponding radiation shielding – was developed using the ROOT-based geometry option in the MARS15 code. Both normal operation and accidental conditions were studied for the 120-GeV proton beam at 2.4 MW. Various design options were considered, in particular: (i) the absorber mask material and shape; (ii) the beam spoiler material and size; (iii) sculpted core aluminum blocks; (iv) various configurations of the core and its shielding and (v) numerous modifications of the overall system configurations. These helped find the optimal design solution for the absorber lifetime and radiation levels in the service building and environment to be within the design goals with an adequate safety margin.
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THPF133	Textured-Powder BI-2212 Ag Wire Technology Development	interface, dipole, collider, electron	4030
	P.M. McIntyre, J.N. Kellams, J.M. Vandergrifft Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA K.C. Damborsky Oxford Instruments, Semiconductor Systems, Carteret, New Jersey, USA L. Motowidlo SupraMagnetics, Inc., Plantsville, Connecticut, USA N. Pogue PSI, Villigen, Villigen, Switzerland
	Progress is reported in developing textured-powder Bi-2212 cores as a new approach to Bi-2212/Ag wire tech-nology. The process builds upon earlier work in which Bi-2212 fine powder can be highly textured in its a-b plane orientation and fabricated into square-cross-section bars. The current work concerns an Enhanced Textured Powder (ETP) process, in which silver nanopowder is homogeneously mixed with the Bi-2212 powder. We report studies of the effect of the addition on the phase dynamics near melt temperature. ETP cores are being prepared for compounding into a billet to fabricate multi-filament wire.
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

Comparison between Digital Filters and Singular Value Decomposition to Reduce Noise in LHC Orbits used for Action and Phase Jump Analysis

simulation, quadrupole, collider, resonance

83

A.C. García-Bonilla, J.F. Cardona
UNAL, Bogota D.C, Colombia

Funding: Fundación Para la Promoción de la Investigación y la Tecnología del Banco de la República and DIB (División de Investigación de Bogotá).
One of the initial difficulties to apply the Action and Phase Jump (APJ) analysis to LHC orbits was the high level of noise present in the BPM measurements. On the other hand, the unprecedented number of turns for LHC allows us to use all sort of filters. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of digital filters like the band-pass filter and compare them with a filter based on Singular Value Decomposition, when magnetic error estimations are made using a recent version of the APJ method. First, mainly results on simulated orbits with noise are presented, and then, plots and results are shown for the filters effect on experimental data. The analysis indicates that a combination of filters leads to measurements with the least uncertainty.

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MOPJE052

Observations of an Anomalous Octupolar Resonance in the LHC

simulation, resonance, dipole, betatron

412

F.S. Carlier, J.M. Coello de Portugal, A. Langner, E.H. Maclean, T. Persson, R. Tomás, R. Westenberger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

While linear LHC dynamics is mostly understood and under control, non-linear beam dynamics will play an increasingly important role in the challenging regimes of future LHC operation. In 2012, turn-by-turn measurements of large betatron excitations of LHC Beam 2 at injection energy were carried out. These measurements revealed an unexpectedly large spectral line in the horizontal motion with frequency Qx+2Qy. Detailed analyses and simulations are presented to unveil the nature of this spectral line.

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MOPJE062

Testing Aspects of Advanced Coherent Electron Cooling Technique

electron, bunching, FEL, collider

445

V. Litvinenko, Y.C. Jing, I. Pinayev, G. Wang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
D.F. Ratner
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
V. Samulyak
SBU, Stony Brook, USA

An advanced version of the coherent-electron cooling based on the microbunching instability was proposed in *. This approach promised to significantly increase the bandwidth of the system and, therefore, significantly shorter cooling time in high energy hadron colliders. In this paper we present our plans of simulating and testing the key aspects of this proposed technique using the set-up of the coherent-electron-cooling proof-of-principle experiment at BNL.
* D.F. Ratner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 084802 (2013)

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MOPJE073

The Extreme Beams Initiative in EuCARD-2

collider, polarization, linac, diagnostics

483

G. Franchetti, J. Struckmeier
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
K. Aulenbacher
IKP, Mainz, Germany
F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

EuCARD-2 is an Integration Activity on accelerator R&D co-funded within the European Union’s 7th Framework Programme. The Extreme Beams (XBEAM) network of EuCARD-2 extends, and goes beyond the scope of, the previous Networking Activities of CARE-HHH and EuCARD(-1) EuroLumi. XBEAM addresses, and pushes, all accelerator frontiers: luminosity, energy, beam power, beam intensity, and polarization. This is realized through five tasks: Coordination and Communication, Extreme Colliders (XCOL)m Extreme Performance Rings (XRING), Extreme SC Linacs (XLINAC), and Extreme Polarization (XPOL), respectively. In the first two years of EuCARD-2, XBEAM (co-)organised more than 15 topical workshops: the upgrade of KEKB in Japan, crystal channelling, the advancement of the CERN facilities, e.g. LHC upgrades and the Future Circular Collider, magnet optimization, space-charge effects, the commissioning of proton linacs, with emphasis on the ESS, key questions for lepton spin polarization, storage rings for measuring the electric dipole moment of electrons or protons. This presentation reports the major achievements of the XBEAM activity from 2013 to 2015, and outlines the further plans through 2017.

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MOPMN019

Understanding the Effect of Space Charge on Instabilities

space-charge, synchrotron, impedance, operation

743

M. Blaskiewicz
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
A. Chao
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
Y.H. Chin
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The combined effects of space charge and wall impedance on transverse instabilities is an important consideration in the design and operation of hadron machines as well as an intrinsic academic interest. This study explores the combined effects of space charge and wall impedance using various simplified models in an attempt to produce a better understanding of their interplay.

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MOPMN027

Optimization of Dynamic Aperture for Hadron Lattices in eRHIC

sextupole, lattice, storage-ring, collider

757

Y.C. Jing, V. Litvinenko, D. Trbojevic
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The potential upgrade of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to an electron ion collider (eRHIC) involves numerous extensive changes to the existing collider complex. The expected very high luminosity is planned to be achieved at eRHIC with the help of squeezing the beta function of the hadron ring at the IP to a few cm, causing a large rise of the natural chromaticities and thus bringing with it challenges for the beam long term stability (Dynamic aperture). We present our effort to expand the DA by carefully tuning the nonlinear magnets thus controlling the size of the footprints in tune space and all lower order resonance driving terms. We show a reasonably large DA through particle tracking over millions of turns of beam revolution.

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MOPTY016

Study of Diamond Detector Application at the Front End of a High Intensity Hadron Accelerator

detector, radiation, cavity, proton

972

G. Ren, D.H. He, W. Li, Y. Li
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
M. Zeng
Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Diamond detectors function as beam loss or luminosity monitors for high energy accelerators, such as LHC, Babar, etc. Because of regular detectors‘ insufficient protection of the front end, diamond detectors owning significant characteristics, like time resolution in the nanosecond range, radiation hardness and negligible temperature dependence. Thus, diamond detectors have been becoming promising candidates for detecting BLMs of fully super-conducting hadron accelerator, such as C-ADS, FRIB. In this paper, the sensitivity of diamond detectors was simulated by Monte Carlo program FLUKA and GEAN4. Meanwhile, we tested the performance of a new prototype of CVD diamond detector, and compared it with Si-PIN and Bergoz detectors at the storage ring of the HLS II. The results of the diamond detector were consistent with other two detectors well. More evaluation of diamond detectors in low energy radiation field are ongoing.

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MOPTY040

Hadron BPM for the FAIR Project

instrumentation, controls, interface, diagnostics

1016

M. Žnidarčič, E. Janezic, P. Leban
I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia
K. Lang
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The accelerators of the Facility for Anti-proton and Ion Research are designed to deliver stable and rare isotope beams covering a huge range of intensities and beam energies. FAIR will employ heavy ion synchrotrons for highest intensities, anti-proton and rare isotope production stations, high resolution separators and several storage rings where beam cooling can be applied. Instrumentation Technologies will develop and deliver a beam diagnostic system for SIS100, HESR and CR rings. Furthermore the beam transfers will be equipped with the beam position diagnostics. The project is on schedule and the first instrument prototypes are already being under evaluation. This article discusses the new BPM electronics concept, the tests performed in the laboratory and the performance obtained.

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MOPTY053

Electromagnetic Design and Optimization of Directivity of Stripline Beam Position Monitors for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider

luminosity, simulation, impedance, collider

1051

D. Draskovic, C.B. Boccard, O.R. Jones, T. Lefèvre, M. Wendt
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

This paper presents the preliminary electromagnetic design of a stripline Beam Position Monitor (BPM) for the High Luminosity program of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN. The design is fitted into a new octagonal shielded Beam Screen for the low-beta triplets and is optimized for high directivity. It also includes internal Tungsten absorbers, required to reduce the energy deposition in the superconducting magnets. The achieved broadband directivity in wakefield solver simulations presents significant improvement over the directivity of the current stripline BPMs installed in the LHC.

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MOPWI018

New Hadron Monitor By Using A Gas-Filled RF Resonator

electron, plasma, proton, radiation

1189

K. Yonehara, A.V. Tollestrup, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
G. Fasce
CNI, Roma, Italy
G. Flanagan, R.P. Johnson
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA

It is trend to build an intense neutrino beam facility for the fundamental physics research, e.g. LBNF at Fermilab, T2K at KEK, and CNGS at CERN. They have investigated a hadron monitor to diagnose the primary/secondary beam quality. The existing hadron monitor based on an ionization chamber is not robust in the high-radiation environment vicinity of MW-class secondary particle production targets. We propose a gas-filled RF resonator to use as the hadron monitor since it is simple and hence radiation robust in this environment. When charged particles pass through the resonator they produce ionized plasma via the Coulomb interaction with the inert gas. The beam-induced plasma changes the permittivity of inert gas. As a result, a resonant frequency in the resonator shifts with the amount of ionized electrons. The radiation sensitivity is adjustable by the inert gas pressure and the RF amplitude. The hadron profile will be reconstructed with a tomography technique in the hodoscope which consists of X, Y, and theta layers by using a strip-shaped gas resonator. The sensitivity and possible system design will be shown in this presentation.

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TUPTY032

Study of Muon Backgrounds in the CLIC Beam Delivery System

shielding, collimation, background, betatron

2075

F.B. Pilicer, E. Pilicer, I. Tapan
UU, Bursa, Turkey
H. Burkhardt, L. Gatignon, A. Latina, D. Schulte, R. Tomás
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

We describe the detailed modelling of muon background generation and absorption in the CLIC beam delivery system. The majority of the background muons originates in the first stages of halo collimation. We also discuss options to use magnetised cylindrical iron shields to reduce the muon background flux reaching the detector region.

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TUPTY033

Civil Engineering Optimisation Tool for the Study of CERN's Future Circular Colliders

collider, alignment, civil-engineering, database

2079

C. Cook, B. Goddard, P. Lebrun, J.A. Osborne, Y. Robert
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: CERN
The feasibility of Future Circular Colliders (FCC), possible successors to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), is currently under investigation at CERN. This paper describes how CERN’s civil engineering team are utilising an interactive tool containing a 3D geological model of the Geneva basin. This tool will be used to investigate the optimal position of the proposed 80km-100km tunnel. The benefits of using digital modelling during the feasibility stage are discussed and some early results of the process are presented.

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TUPTY042

Non-linear Coupling Studies in the LHC

coupling, octupole, collider, simulation

2105

T. Persson, Y.I. Levinsen, E.H. Maclean, R. Tomás
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E.H. Maclean
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

The amplitude detuning has been observed to decrease significantly as the horizontal and vertical tunes are approaching each other. This effect is potentially harmful since it might cause a loss of Landau damping, hence giving rise to instabilities. The measured tune split (Qx-Qy) versus amplitude is several times bigger than what can be explained with linear coupling. In this paper we present studies performed to identify the dominant sources of the non-linear coupling observed in the LHC.

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TUPTY047

ERL with Non-Scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Lattice for eRHIC

electron, linac, collider, ion

2120

D. Trbojevic, J.S. Berg, S.J. Brooks, Y. Hao, V. Litvinenko, C. Liu, F. Méot, M.G. Minty, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, P. Thieberger, N. Tsoupas
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work performed under Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the auspices of the US Department of Energy.
The proposed eRHIC electron-hadron collider uses a "non-scaling FFAG" lattice to recirculate 16 turns of different energy through just two beamlines located in the RHIC tunnel. This paper presents lattices for these two FFAGs that are optimised for low magnet field and to minimise total synchrotron radiation across the energy range. The higher number of recirculations in the FFAG allows a shorter linac (1.322GeV) to be used, drastically reducing cost, while still achieving a 21.2GeV maximum energy to collide with one of the existing RHIC hadron rings at up to 250GeV. eRHIC uses many cost-saving measures in addition to the FFAG: the linac operates in energy recovery mode, so the beams also decelerate via the same FFAG loops and energy is recovered from the interacted beam. All magnets will constructed from NdFeB permanent magnet material, meaning chillers and large magnet power supplies are not needed. This paper also describes a smaller prototype ERL-FFAG accelerator that will test all of these technologies in combination to reduce technical risk for eRHIC.

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WEXC1

Machine and Personnel Protection for High Power Hadron Linacs

linac, radiation, ion, controls

2418

M. Ikegami
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Machine and personnel safety are increasingly important for high power hadron linacs as involved beam power increases. Design requirements and characteristic features of machine protection system and personnel protection system for operating and proposed high power hadron linacs, such as J-PARC, SNS, FRIB, ESS, and IFMIF, are reviewed.

Slides WEXC1 [9.859 MB]

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WEAB1

Compensating Tune Spread Induced by Space Charge in Bunched Beams

electron, space-charge, proton, collider

2450

V. Litvinenko
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
G. Wang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The effects of space charge play a significant role in modern-day accelerators, frequently constraining the beam parameters attainable in an accelerator or in an accelerator chain. They also can limit the luminosity of hadron colliders operating either at low energies or with sub-TeV high-brightness hadron beams. The latter is applied for strongly cooled proton and ion beams in eRHIC – the proposed future electron-ion collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Several schemes were proposed to compensate for space charge effects in a coasting (e.g., continuous) hadron beam, and some have been tested. Using an appropriate transverse profile of the electron beam (or plasma column) for a coasting beam would compensate both the tune shift and the tune spread in the hadron beam. But none of these methods address the issue of compensating space-charge induced tune spread in a bunched hadron beam. In this paper we propose and evaluate a novel idea of using a co-propagating electron bunch with miss-matched longitudinal velocity to compensate the space charge induced tune-shift and tune spread. We present several practical examples of such a system.

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WEPHA003

Measurement of NEG Coating Performance Variation in the LHC after the First Long Shutdown

vacuum, simulation, collider, injection

3100

V. Bencini, V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi, P. Chiggiato, R. Kersevan, C. Yin Vallgren
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During the Long Shutdown 1 (LS1) of the Large Hadron Collider, 90% of the Non-Evaporable Getter (NEG) coated beam pipes in the Long Straight Sections (LSS) were vented to undertake the planned upgrade and consolidation programmes. After each intervention, an additional bake-out and NEG activation were performed to reach the vacuum requirements. An analysis of the coating performance variation after the additional activation cycle has been carried out by using ultimate pressure and pressure build-up measurements. In addition, laboratory measurements have been carried out to mimic the LHC coated beam pipe behaviour. The experimental data have been compared with calculation obtained by Molflow+.

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WEPTY025

LBNF Hadron Absorber: Mechanical Design and Analysis for 2.4MW Operation

operation, shielding, gun, target

3318

B.D. Hartsell, K. Anderson, J. Hylen, V.I. Sidorov, S. Tariq
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Fermilab’s Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) requires an absorber, essentially a large beam dump consisting of actively cooled aluminum and steel blocks, at the end of the decay pipe to stop leftover beam particles and provide radiation protection to people and groundwater. At LBNF’s final beam power of 2.4 MW and assuming the worst case condition of a 204 m long helium filled decay pipe, the absorber is required to handle a heat load of about 750 kW. This results in significant thermal management challenges which have been mitigated by the addition of an aluminum ‘spoiler’ and ‘sculpting’ the central portion of the aluminum core blocks. These thermal effects induce structural stresses which can lead to fatigue and creep considerations. Various accident conditions are considered and safety systems are planned to monitor operation and any accident pulses. Results from these thermal and structural analyses will be presented as well as the mechanical design of the absorber. The design allows each of the core blocks to be remotely removed and replaced if necessary. A shielded remote handling structure is incorporated to hold the hadron monitor when it is removed from the beam.

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WEPTY041

DESIGN CONCEPT AND PARAMETERS OF A 15 T Nb3Sn DIPOLE DEMONSTRATOR FOR A 100 TEV HADRON COLLIDER

dipole, collider, controls, magnet-design

3365

A.V. Zlobin, N. Andreev, E.Z. Barzi, V.V. Kashikhin, I. Novitski
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: *Work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy
Hadron Colliders (HC) are the most powerful discovery tools in modern high energy physics. A 100 TeV HC in a ~100 km tunnel with a nominal operation field of ~15 T is being considered for the post-LHC era. The choice of a 15 T nominal field requires using the Nb3Sn technology. Practical demonstration of this field level in an accelerator-quality magnet and substantial reduction of magnet costs are key conditions for the realization of such a machine. FNAL has started the development of a 15 T Nb3Sn dipole demonstrator for a 100 TeV HC. As a first step in this direction, the existing 11 T dipole magnet, developed for LHC upgrades, will be modified by adding two layers to achieve the nominal field of 15 T in a 60 mm aperture. As the next step, to increase the field margin the innermost 2-layer coil will be replaced with an optimized coil using the conductor grading approach. This paper describes the design concept and parameters of the 15 T Nb3Sn dipole demonstrators. Magnetic, mechanical and quench protection issues are discussed.

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THPF124

Energy Deposition and Radiological Studies for the LBNF Hadron Absorber

target, operation, radiation, shielding

4007

I.L. Rakhno, N.V. Mokhov, I.S. Tropin
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
Y.I. Eidelman
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA

Funding: This work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Results of optimization energy deposition and radiological studies performed for the LBNF hadron absorber system are presented. The model of the LBNF complex starting from the beam extraction from the Main Injector and primary beam line through the pion-production target, focusing horns, target chase, decay channel, hadron absorber system with its beam instrumentation and civil infrastructure – all with corresponding radiation shielding – was developed using the ROOT-based geometry option in the MARS15 code. Both normal operation and accidental conditions were studied for the 120-GeV proton beam at 2.4 MW. Various design options were considered, in particular: (i) the absorber mask material and shape; (ii) the beam spoiler material and size; (iii) sculpted core aluminum blocks; (iv) various configurations of the core and its shielding and (v) numerous modifications of the overall system configurations. These helped find the optimal design solution for the absorber lifetime and radiation levels in the service building and environment to be within the design goals with an adequate safety margin.

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THPF133

Textured-Powder BI-2212 Ag Wire Technology Development

interface, dipole, collider, electron

4030

P.M. McIntyre, J.N. Kellams, J.M. Vandergrifft
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
K.C. Damborsky
Oxford Instruments, Semiconductor Systems, Carteret, New Jersey, USA
L. Motowidlo
SupraMagnetics, Inc., Plantsville, Connecticut, USA
N. Pogue
PSI, Villigen, Villigen, Switzerland

Progress is reported in developing textured-powder Bi-2212 cores as a new approach to Bi-2212/Ag wire tech-nology. The process builds upon earlier work in which Bi-2212 fine powder can be highly textured in its a-b plane orientation and fabricated into square-cross-section bars. The current work concerns an Enhanced Textured Powder (ETP) process, in which silver nanopowder is homogeneously mixed with the Bi-2212 powder. We report studies of the effect of the addition on the phase dynamics near melt temperature. ETP cores are being prepared for compounding into a billet to fabricate multi-filament wire.

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