IPAC2015 - List of Keywords (lattice)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOYGB3	Commissioning of NSLS-II	insertion, insertion-device, emittance, damping	11
	F.J. Willeke BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	NSLS-II, the new 3rd generation light source at BNL was designed for a brightness of 10²² photons s^-1 mm^-2 mrad^-2 (0.1%BW)^-1. It was constructed between 2009 and 2014. The storage ring was commissioned in April 2014 which was followed by insertion device and beamline commissioning in the fall of 2014. All ambitious design parameters of the facility have already been achieved except for commissioning the full beam intensity of 500 mA which requires more RF installation. This paper reports on the results of commissioning.
	Slides MOYGB3 [3.884 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOYGB3
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MOBC3	Electron Lenses for Experiments on Nonlinear Dynamics with Wide Stable Tune Spreads in the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator	electron, solenoid, optics, operation	46
	G. Stancari, K. Carlson, M.W. McGee, L.E. Nobrega, A.L. Romanov, J. Ruan, A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA D. Noll IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	Funding: Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy. Recent developments in the study of integrable Hamiltonian systems have led to nonlinear accelerator lattice designs with two transverse invariants. These lattices may drastically improve the performance of high-power machines, providing wide tune spreads and Landau damping to protect the beam from instabilities, while preserving dynamic aperture. To test the feasibility of these concepts, the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) is being designed and built at Fermilab. One way to obtain a nonlinear integrable lattice is by using the fields generated by a magnetically confined electron beam (electron lens) overlapping with the circulating beam. The parameters of the required device are similar to the ones of existing electron lenses. We present theory, numerical simulations, and first design studies of electron lenses for nonlinear integrable optics.
	Slides MOBC3 [11.870 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOBC3
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MOPWA004	Reformulation of the Action and Phase Jump Method to Obtain Magnetic Errors in the LHC IRs	quadrupole, simulation, interaction-region, framework	80
	A.C. García-Bonilla, J.F. Cardona UNAL, Bogota D.C, Colombia
	Funding: Fundación Para la Promoción de la Investigación y la Tecnología del Banco de la República and Division de Investigación Bogotá (DIB). One of the major problems when doing the commissioning of an accelerator is to identify and correct the linear components of magnetic errors. The Action and Phase Jump Technique is one of the available methods to perform this task. For this method to work, it is necessary to have one BPM measurement at the IR, the region where the magnetic error is evaluated. In some cases, this BPM measurement become the biggest source of uncertainty when the action and phase jump technique is used. In this paper, a new formulation based on this method is presented. This new formulation doesn't make any use of BPM measurements at the IR, thereby allowing more robust error estimations. Quadrupole errors in the LHC lattice are estimated with this new formulation, using both, simulated data and LHC experimental data. A comparison with the previous formulation is included. The results on simulated data show that the reformulation leads to a reduction in the uncertainty, while for the experimental case, the reduction is not so clear. Explanations for this behavior and possible remedies will also be discussed.
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MOPWA012	Study of Optimal MBA Lattice Structures for the SOLEIL Upgrade	emittance, dipole, optics, quadrupole	106
	R. Nagaoka, P. Brunelle, F.J. Cullinan, X.N. Gavaldà, A. Loulergue, A. Nadji, L.S. Nadolski, M.-A. Tordeux SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	Within the context of a future upgrade of the SOLEIL ring, a series of lattice studies has been made with the aim of reducing the current 4 nm-rad horizontal emittance ex by more than an order of magnitude, with a dynamic aperture allowing off-axis injection. As in most upgrades, the important constraint imposed is to keep all the existing straight sections and photon source points. A particularity of SOLEIL are the short straight sections in half of the 16 double-bend cells, created in between the dipoles, which limits the number of dipoles in a MBA cell. In the previous studies, a combination of 5- and 4BA was followed, where with the use of longitudinal gradient bends (LGBs), ex ~440 pm-rad was obtained. The present paper reports on studies extended along the same strategy: In particular, the feasibility and the attainable ex are pursued with a combination of 7- and 6BA, by employing dipoles with transverse gradient and LGBs. In addition, the effectiveness of a few known nonlinear optimization methods, such as the resonance driving term cancellation, interleaved sextupoles with proper phases, and genetic algorithm-based numerical searches shall be explored.
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MOPWA014	New Functionality for Beam Dynamics in Accelerator Toolbox (AT)	radiation, dipole, simulation, emittance	113
	B. Nash, N. Carmignani, L. Farvacque, S.M. Liuzzo, T.P. Perron, P. Raimondi, R. Versteegen, S.M. White ESRF, Grenoble, France
	Accelerator Toolbox is a widely used code for beam dynamic simulations based on Matlab. To continue the development of the code in a collaborative manner, a SourceForge project and SVN repository called atcollab has been established. Here we describe the contributions to atcollab from the ESRF beam dynamics group. Additional modules have been developed: general matching (atmatch), improved plotting (atplot), Touschek lifetime computation via the Piwinski formula, nonlinear dynamics computations such as resonance driving terms, improved reporting of lost particles and improvements and additions to the integration routines. One example of the latter includes diffusion due to quantum fluctuations. Modeling of collective effects may now be performed using pass methods representing a variety of impedance models. Finally, routines to replace the full ring with a compact representation have been developed, facilitating studies in which many turns and many particles are required.
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MOPWA015	Lattice Correction using LOCO for the ThomX Storage Ring	quadrupole, optics, storage-ring, coupling	117
	I. Chaikovska, C. Bruni, S. Chancé, A. Variola, J.F. Zhang LAL, Orsay, France A. Loulergue SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	Funding: Work is supported by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche as part of the program EQUIPEX under reference ANR-10-EQPX-51, the Ile de France region, CNRS-IN2P3 and Université Paris Sud XI ThomX is a compact Compton based X-ray source under construction at LAL in Orsay (France). The ThomX accelerator facility is composed by a 50-70 MeV linac driven by 3 GHz RF gun, a transfer line and a 18 meters long Storage Ring (SR). The Compton backscattering at each revolution between the 1 nC electron bunch and the 25 mJ laser pulses stacked in the Fabry-Perot cavity results in the production of ~10¹³ photons per second with energies in the X-ray regime. This high flux of the X-rays strongly depends on the quality (beam sizes) of the electron beam at the interaction point. To guarantee this, a good knowledge and quality of the linear lattice of the ThomX SR are required. Nowadays, LOCO (Linear Optics from Closed Orbits) is a well-known and widely used algorithm to measure and restore the linear optics of the SRs and ensure the designed performances. Comparing the measured and model orbit response matrices, the linear lattice can be restored by retuning the quadrupole gradients. In this paper, we report on the LOCO analysis of the ThomX SR taking into account simulated misalignment, calibration and field errors.
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MOPWA035	Two General Orbit Theorems for Efficient Measurements of Beam Optics	closed-orbit, storage-ring, optics, dipole	183
	B. Riemann, A. Ferrarotto, P. Hartmann, B.D. Isbarn, S. Koetter, M. Sommer, P. Towalski, T. Weis DELTA, Dortmund, Germany
	Closed-orbit perturbations and oscillating beam solutions in storage rings are closely related. While techniques exist to fit accelerator models to closed-orbit perturbations or to oscillation data, the exploitation of their relation has been limited. In this work, two orbit theorems that allow an efficient computation of optical parameters in storage rings with older hardware are derived for coupled linear beam motion. The monitor theorem is based on an uncoupled case study described by the author in an earlier work and has been generalized as well as simplified in mathematical abstraction to provide a reliable and computationally stable framework for beam optics measurements. It is based on a closed-orbit measurement utilizing 4 dipole correctors (2 for each plane). The corrector theorem allows to obtain parameters of these dipole correctors using two turn-by-turn monitors at almost arbitrary positions in the ring (which do not need to be located in a drift space), so that it is possible to uniquely resolve closed orbits into optical parameters without sophisticated lattice models.
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MOPWA039	Emittance Reduction Possibilities in the PETRA III Magnet Lattice	optics, emittance, sextupole, synchrotron	197
	N. Golubeva, V. Balandin, W. Decking, R. Wanzenberg DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	PETRA III is a third generation light source that has been operated as a user facility since 2010 at DESY. An upgrade for additional beam lines has been carried out, and the recommissioning of the new beam lines is starting in spring 2015. In order to fully exploit the potential of the existing magnet lattice of the PETRA III ring, we present a study of beam optics modifications enabling the reduction of the horizontal emittance without changes of the lattice.
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MOPWA044	Quasi-frozen Spin Method for EDM Deuteron Search	dipole, storage-ring, proton, simulation	213
	Y. Senichev, A. Lehrach, B. Lorentz, R. Maier FZJ, Jülich, Germany S.N. Andrianov, A.N. Ivanov St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia M. Berz, E. Valetov MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA S. Chekmenev RWTH, Aachen, Germany
	To search for EDM using proton storage ring with purely electrostatic elements the concept of frozen spin method has been proposed by BNL. This method is based on two facts: in the equation of the spin precession the magnetic field dependence is entirely eliminated and at “magic” energy the spin precession frequency coincides with the precession frequency of the momentum. In case of deuteron the anomalous magnetic moment is negative (G=-0.142), therefore we have to use the electrical and magnetic field simultaneously keeping the frozen spin direction along the momentum as in the pure electrostatic ring. In this article we suggest the concept of the quasi-frozen spin when the spin oscillates around the momentum direction within the half value of the advanced spin phase each time returning back by special optics. Due to the low value of the anomalous magnetic moment of deuteron an effective contribution to the expected EDM effect is reduced only by a few percent.
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MOPWA046	Lattice and Beam Dynamics of the Energy Recovery Mode of the Mainz Energy-recovering Superconducting Accelerator MESA	linac, cryomodule, experiment, simulation	220
	D. Simon, K. Aulenbacher, R.G. Heine, F. Schlander IKP, Mainz, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and German Research Foundation (DFG) under the Cluster of Excellence PRISMA. The mainz energy recovering superconducting accelerator (MESA) is a proposed multi-turn energy recovery linac for particle physics experiments. It will be built at the institute for nuclear physics (KPH) at Mainz University. Because of the multi-turn energy recovery mode there are particular demands at the beam dynamics. We present the current status of the lattice development.
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MOPWA055	Study of Emittance Growth Caused by Space Charge and Lattice Induced Resonances	resonance, space-charge, emittance, synchrotron	245
	K. Ohmi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Resonance strength and resonance width induced by space charge and lattice nonlinearity is discussed with integrals along a ring like the radiation integrals. Emittance growth is evaluated by model with the resonance width to understand the mechanism. The results are compared with fully PIC simulations.
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MOPWA059	Dynamic Aperture Studies for the FCC-ee	sextupole, collider, synchrotron, radiation	258
	L.E. Medina Medrano DCI-UG, León, Mexico R. Martin, R. Tomás, F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland R. Martin Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by the Beam Project (CONACYT, Mexico). Dynamic aperture (DA) studies have been conducted on the latest Future Circular Collider - ee (FCC-ee) lattices as a function of momentum deviation. Two different schemes for the interaction region are used, which are connected to the main arcs: the crab waist approach, developed by BINP, and an update to the CERN design where the use of crab cavities is envisioned. The results presented show an improvement in the performance of both designs.
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MOPWA067	Theory of Transverse Ionization Cooling in a Linear Channel	emittance, quadrupole, scattering, collider	279
	M. Xiao, J. Gao, Y. Yue IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Ionization cooling is the most hopeful method to reduce the emittance of muon beams, which plays an important role in neutrino factory and muon collider. Within the moment-equation approach, I present a way to derive the formulae of emittance in transverse under linear channel. All heating and coupling terms are reserved in the deriving process. From my formulae, it is a way to achieve a small emittance by designing the cooling channel compact to make the beta function changing sharply.
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MOPJE003	Measuring Duke Storage Ring Lattice Using Tune Based Technique	storage-ring, quadrupole, electron, wiggler	293
	W. Li, J.Y. Li USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China H. Hao, W. Li, S.F. Mikhailov, V. Popov, Y.K. Wu FEL/Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
	Funding: This work is supported in part by the US DOE grant no. DE-FG02-97ER41033. The Duke electron storage ring is a dedicated driver for oscillator Free-Electron Lasers (FELs). A 34 m long straight section of the storage ring is used to host up to four FEL wigglers in several different configurations. A total of six wigglers, two planar OK-4 wigglers and four helical OK-5 wigglers, are available for FEL research. The storage ring magnetic lattice has to be designed with great flexibility to enable the storage ring operation with different FEL wigglers, at various wiggler settings, and for different electron beam energies. Since 2012, the storage ring has demonstrated all designed characteristics in terms of lattice flexibility and tuning. This work is aimed at gaining better understanding of the real storage ring lattice by performing a series of measurements of the beta-functions along the storage ring. Unlike the LOCO technique, the beta-functions in the quadrupoles are directly measured with good accuracy using a tune meassurement system. We will describe our experimental design and techniques, and measurement procedures. We will also report our preliminary results for the lattice characterization.
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MOPJE009	Lattice Design of the SSRF-U Storage Ring	emittance, storage-ring, dynamic-aperture, injection	304
	S.Q. Tian, B.C. Jiang, M.Z. Zhang, Q.L. Zhang, Z.T. Zhao SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	Multi-Bend Achromatic (MBA) cell has been well known to significantly reduce the beam emittance of the synchrotron radiation light sources in the past two decades. With the great development of the high gradient magnets, the small-aperture vacuum chamber and the precise alignment, the ultimate-emittance ring based on MBA lattice became practical in recent years. We present a preliminary lattice design for the upgraded SSRF storage ring based on a 7BA lattice in this paper. The circumference and the number of the straight sections are preserved for the existing tunnel. The beam energy is reduced to 3 GeV, and the beam emittance is reduced to about 200 pm.rad. The optimized dynamic aperture is about 10 mm in the horizontal plane, and a sufficient beam injection based on the closed orbit bump can be implemented.
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MOPJE016	Start-to-End Simulation for RAON Superconducting Linac	linac, ion, cryomodule, emittance	311
	H. Jang, J.-H. Jang, H. Jin IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	An ion accelerator, RAON is going to be built in Daejeon, Korea by Rare Isotope Science Project(RISP) team in Institute of Basic Science(IBS). The linac part of RAON consists of two low energy linacs, one high energy linac and two bending section for transporting accelerated low energy ions to high energy linac. It is planned to accelerate many diverse ions like proton, carbon, calcium, uranium, etc. which have different A/q values. Consequently the lattice design for each ion and to investigate beam dynamics issues for each case are one of the important topics for this project. For enhancement of beam acceleration a study to suppress emittance growth and to maximize the longitudinal acceptance is conducted while designing the RAON lattice. In this presentation the designed linac lattices for various ions and start-to-end simulation results will be described.
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MOPJE029	A Linear Accelerator Simulation Framework	simulation, framework, ground-motion, collider	341
	J. Snuverink JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom N. Fuster-Martínez IFIC, Valencia, Spain J. Pfingstner CERN, Geneva, Switzerland J. Pfingstner University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
	Many good tracking tools are available for simulations for linear accelerators. However, several simple tasks need to be performed repeatedly, like lattice definitions, beam setup, output storage, etc. In addition, complex simulations can become unmanageable quite easily. A high level layer would therefore be beneficial. We propose LinSim, a linear accelerator framework with the codes PLACET and Guinea-Pig. It provides a documented well-debugged high level layer of functionality. Users only need to provide the input settings and essential code and/or use some of the many implemented imperfections and algorithms. It can be especially useful for first-time users. Currently the following accelerators are implemented: ATF2, ILC, CLIC and FACET. This paper discusses the framework design and shows its strength in some condensed examples.
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MOPJE032	A Steering Study for the ESS Normal Conducting Linac	DTL, linac, quadrupole, beam-losses	351
	R. Miyamoto ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Construction of the European Spallation Source is rapidly progressing in Lund, Sweden, and preparations for commissioning of its proton linac has been underway for some time now. Accurate adjustment of accelerator components to achieve ideal beam parameters is the key to maximizing performance and safe operation for any machine. This paper presents a study of beam steering for the normal conducting part of the proton linac of ESS.
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MOPJE034	Low Emittance Tuning for the CLIC Damping Rings	emittance, quadrupole, sextupole, coupling	356
	J. Alabau-Gonzalvo, F. Antoniou, Y. Papaphilippou CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	A study on the sensitivity of the CLIC Damping Ring lattice to different sources of misalignment is presented. Dipole and quadrupole rolls, quadrupole and sextupole vertical offsets are considered, as well as the impact of a finite BPM resolution. The result of this study defines a low emittance tuning procedure and establishes alignment tolerances to preserve the vertical emittance below the design value (1 pm·rad). Non-linear dynamics studies including dynamic aperture and frequency maps are shown and synchrotron radiation effects are discussed.
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MOPJE039	Generalised Truncated Power Series Algebra for Fast Particle Accelerator Transport Maps	operation, optics, simulation	374
	L. Deniau, C.I. Tomoiagă CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	New Generalised Truncated Power Series Algebra (TPSA) has been developed for extending, simplifying and optimising the transport maps used by particle accelerator simulation codes. TPSA are intensively used in optics code to describe transport maps of the elements constituting the particle accelerator to any order. Generalised TPSA extend the degrees to inhomogeneous ones, where separate degrees can be specified for each variables and constrained by two total orders, one for canonical variables and one for ordinary variables. This allows to track inhomogeneous planes of the 6D phase space with many extra variables. A complete set of new formulas and data structures have been derived to address the problem of memory consumption required for efficient computation of high order TPSA, including generalised indexing, multiplication and composition of inhomogeneous multivariate polynomials. The implementation has been benchmarked against well established libraries for the common subset with TPSA, and outperforms all of them for supported differential algebra operators on low and high orders, and high number of variables.
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MOPJE053	NSLS-II Beam Lifetime Measurements and Modeling	scattering, cavity, emittance, coupling	416
	B. Podobedov, W.X. Cheng, Y. Hidaka, H.-C. Hseuh, G.M. Wang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	NSLS-II is a recently constructed 3 GeV synchrotron light source with design horizontal emittance values in sub-nm range. Achieving good beam lifetime is critically important for NSLS-II as it is closely tied in to such important operational aspects as top-off injection frequency, injector components wear, radiation protection and control, and others. In this paper we present lifetime-related commissioning results, describe our present understanding of beam lifetime at NSLS-II and extrapolate our models to the fully built-up machine operating at 500 mA design beam current.
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MOPJE066	Single and Multi-bunch End-to-end Tracking in the LHeC	linac, synchrotron, radiation, synchrotron-radiation	459
	D. Pellegrini, A. Latina, D. Schulte CERN, Geneva, Switzerland S.A. Bogacz JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	The LHeC study aims at delivering an electron beam for collision with the LHC proton beam. The current baseline design consists of a multi-pass superconductive energy-recovery linac operating in a continuous wave mode. The high current beam (~100 mA) in the linacs excites long-range wake-fields between bunches of different turns, which induce instabilities and might cause beam losses. PLACET2, a novel version of the tracking code PLACET, capable to handle recirculation and time dependencies, has been employed to perform the first LHeC end-to-end tracking. The impact of long-range wake-fields, synchrotron radiation, and beam-beam effects has been assessed. The simulation results and recent improvements in the lattice design are presented and discussed in this paper.
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MOPJE068	PLACET2: A Novel Code for Beam Dynamics in Recirculating Machines	linac, dipole, simulation, operation	465
	D. Pellegrini, A. Latina, D. Schulte CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Efforts have been taken to enable the simulation of recirculating machines in PLACET. The new version, PLACET2, allows handling multiple interconnected beamlines in order to obtain a realistic model of a machine. Two new elements, injectors and dumps, have been introduced and are active components of any working machine. Trains of bunches are routed through beamlines and tracked simultaneously in a parallel manner. Tracking through time-dependent elements is possible, and care is made to preserve the correct time-structure of the beam in case of beam recombination. This allows straightforward computations of multi-bunch effects arising with high-charge and shortly spaced bunch trains, even with variable train structure. The main features of the code are presented together with its working principles and its key ideas. Two case studies are introduced: LHeC and the CTF3 combiner ring.
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MOPJE079	Tracking Studies in the LHeC Lattice	resonance, proton, dynamic-aperture, electron	502
	E. Cruz Alaniz, D. Newton The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom E. Cruz Alaniz, D. Newton Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom R. Tomás CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 289485 The Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) is a proposed upgrade of the LHC to provide electron-proton collisions and explore a new regime of energy and luminosity for nucleon-lepton scattering. A nominal design has previously been presented, featuring a lattice and optical configuration to focus one of the proton beams of the LHC (reaching a value of β^=10 cm) and to collide it head-on with an electron beam to produce collisions with the desired luminosity of L=10³³ cm^-2 s^-1. The proton beam optics is achieved with the aid of a new inner triplet of quadrupoles at L=10 m from the interaction point and the extension of the Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) Scheme used for the High Luminosity-LHC project. The flexibility of this design has been studied in terms of minimising β^* and increasing L*. In this work, particle tracking is performed in a thin lens approximation of the LHeC proton lattice to compute the dynamic aperture and perform frequency map analysis for different types of chromatic correction schemes, in order to find the one who will provide the most beam stability and to study the effects of non linearities.
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MOPMA002	Optimising the Diamond DDBA Upgrade Lattice for Low Alpha Operation	optics, storage-ring, injection, dynamic-aperture	525
	I.P.S. Martin, R. Bartolini DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom R. Bartolini JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	The Diamond storage ring will be upgraded during 2016 by replacing one of the existing double bend achromat (DBA) cells with a double-DBA (DDBA) cell. One requirement of the upgrade is that following the installation of the new cell, Diamond should continue to offer dedicated user time in ‘low alpha’ mode. In this paper we describe the particular challenges relating to this task, and present the lattice design and optimisation studies undertaken so far. The paper concludes by discussing preliminary studies of adding a second DDBA cell into the storage ring. R.P. Walker et al., Proc. IPAC 2014, MOPRO103, (2014) ** I.P.S. Martin et al., Proc. IPAC 2013, MOPEA070, (2013)
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MOPMA004	Numerical Optimization of Accelerators within oPAC	network, simulation, controls, quadrupole	533
	C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 289485. Powerful simulation tools are required for every accelerator and light source to study the motion of charged particles through electromagnetic fields during the accelerator design process, to optimize the performance of machine diagnostics and to assess beam stability and non-linear effects. The Optimization of Particle Accelerators (oPAC) Project is funded by the EU within the 7th Framework Programme and currently supports 23 Fellows that are based at institutions across Europe. This large network carries out R&D that closely links beam physics studies with the development of diagnostics and beyond state-of-the-art simulation tools. This contribution presents selected research outcomes from oPAC, including the numerical optimization of beam loss monitor locations along the European Spallation Source’s 5 MW proton linac, results from tracking studies for the LHeC lattice that allow beam stability to be assessed, and multi-objective optimization of the linear and non-linear beam dynamics of the synchrotron SOLEIL. In addition, an overview of recent and future oPAC events is also given.
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MOPMA009	Improvements in Modeling of Collective Effects in ELEGANT	simulation, cavity, collective-effects, impedance	549
	M. Borland, R.R. Lindberg, A. Xiao ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. ELEGANT has long had the ability to model collective effects in various ways, including beam-driven cavity modes, short-range wakes, and coherent synchrotron radiation. Recently, we made improvements specifically targeting simulations that require multiple bunches in storage rings. The ability to simulate long-range, non-resonant wakes was added, which can be used for example to study the effect of the resistive wall wake and multibunch instabilities. We also improved the implementation of short-range and resonant wakes to make them more efficient for multibunch simulations. Finally, improvements in the parallel efficiency were made that allow taking advantage of larger parallel resources.
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MOPMA010	Commissioning Simulations for the APS Upgrade Lattice	simulation, coupling, quadrupole, closed-orbit	553
	V. Sajaev, M. Borland ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. A hybrid seven-bend-achromat lattice has been proposed for the APS upgrade that will feature very strong focusing elements and relatively small vacuum chamber. Achieving design lattice parameters during commissioning will need to be accomplished in a short period of time to minimize dark time for APS users. We describe here start-to-end simulation of the machine commissioning beginning from first-turn trajectory correction, performing orbit and lattice correction, and finally evaluating nonlinear performance of the corrected lattice in terms of dynamic aperture and lifetime.
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MOPMA012	Intra-Beam and Touschek Scattering Computations for Beam with Non-Gaussian Longitudinal Distributions	scattering, emittance, distributed, simulation	559
	A. Xiao, M. Borland ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 Both intra-beam scattering (IBS) and the Touschek effect become prominent for multi-bend-achromat- (MBA-) based ultra-low-emittance storage rings. To mitigate the transverse emittance degradation and obtain a reasonably long beam lifetime, a higher harmonic rf cavity (HHC) is often proposed to lengthen the bunch. The use of such a cavity results in a non-gaussian longitudinal distribution. However, common methods for computing IBS and Touschek scattering assume Gaussian distributions. Modifications have been made to several simulation codes that are part of the {\tt elegant} toolkit to allow these computations for arbitrary longitudinal distributions. After describing these modifications, we review the results of detailed simulations for the proposed hybrid seven-bend-achromat (H7BA) upgrade lattice for the Advanced Photon Source.
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MOPMA015	Applications of an MPI Enhanced Simulated Annealing Algorithm on nuSTORM and 6D Muon Cooling	sextupole, storage-ring, simulation, emittance	568
	A. Liu Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The nuSTORM decay ring is a compact racetrack storage ring with a circumference ∼ 480 m using large aperture (∅=60 cm) magnets. The design goal of the ring is to achieve a momentum acceptance of 3.8±10\% GeV/c and a phase space acceptance of 2000 μm·rad. The design has many challenges because the acceptance will be affected by many nonlinearity terms with large particle emittance and/or large momentum offset. In this paper, we present the application of a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm to the sextupole correction in the ring. The algorithm is capable of finding a balanced compromise among corrections of the nonlinearity terms, and finding the largest acceptance. This technique can be applied to the design of similar storage rings that store beams with wide transverse phase space and momentum spectra. We also present the recent study on the application of this algorithm to a part of the 6D muon cooling channel. The technique and the cooling concept will be applied to design a cooling channel for the extracted muon beam at nuSTORM in the future study.
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MOPMA017	Numerical simulations of transverse modes in Gaussian bunches with space charge	space-charge, damping, simulation, synchrotron	575
	A. Macridin, J.F. Amundson, E.G. Stern Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The transverse modes and the intrinsic Landau damping in Gaussian bunched beams with space charge are numerically investigated. The evolution of the phase space density is calculated with the Synergia accelerator modeling package and analyzed with Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) method. DMD is a relatively new technique used to calculate mode dynamics in both linear and nonlinear systems. The properties of the first three space charge modes, including their shape, damping rates and tune shifts are calculated over the entire range of the space charge interaction.
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MOPMA020	Measurement and Correction of the Fermilab Booster Optics with LOCO	booster, optics, quadrupole, dipole	586
	C.-Y. Tan, V.A. Lebedev, A.K. Triplett Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA M. McAteer CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. The optics of the original Booster lacked the ability for full optics correction and it was not until 2009 when new optics corrector packages were installed between gradient magnets that this ability became available. The optics correction method that is chosen is called LOCO (Linear Optics from Closed Orbits) that measures the orbit response from every beam position monitor (BPM) in the ring from every kick of every dipole corrector. The large data set collected allows LOCO to not only calculate the quadrupole and skew quadrupole currents that both reduces beta beatings and corrects coupling, it also finds the dipole kicker strengths, BPM calibrations and their tilts by minimizing the difference between the measured and ideal orbit response of the beam. The corrected optics have been loaded into Booster and it is currently being tested to be eventually used in normal operations.
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MOPMA025	CSR Induced Microbunching Gain Estimation including Transient Effects in Transport and Recirculation Arcs	impedance, dipole, simulation, damping	596
	C.-Y. Tsai Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA D. Douglas, R. Li, C. Tennant JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) of a high brightness electron beam traversing a series of dipoles, such as transport or recirculation arcs, may result in the microbunching instability (μBI). To accurately quantify the direct consequence of this effect, we further extend our previously developed semi-analytical simulation [C. -Y. Tsai et al., FEL Conference 2014 (THP022)] to include more relevant coherent radiation models than the steady-state free-space CSR impedance, such as the entrance and exit transient effects, which derive from upstream beam entering to and exiting from individual dipoles and propagating across the elements to downstream straight sections. Then we semi-analytically solve the linearized Vlasov equation for the amplification factor. The resultant gain functions and spectra for our example lattices are presented and compared with particle tracking simulation. Some underlying physics with inclusion of these effects are also discussed.
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MOPMA028	Chromaticity and Dispersion in Nonlinear Integrable Optics	optics, dynamic-aperture, focusing, octupole	608
	S.D. Webb, D.L. Bruhwiler RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA V.V. Danilov ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA S. Nagaitsev, A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work sup- ported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Sci- ence, Office of High Energy Physics under Award Num- ber DE-SC0011340. Proton accumulator rings and other circular hadron accelerators are susceptible to intensity- driven parametric instabilities because the zero-current charged particle dynamics are characterized by a single tune. Landau damping can suppress these instabilities, which requires energy spread in the beam or introducing nonlinear magnets such as octupoles. However, this approach reduces dynamic aperture. Nonlinear integrable optics can suppress parametric instabilities independent of energy spread in the distribution, while preserving the dynamic aperture. This novel approach promises to reduce particle losses and enable order-of-magnitude increases in beam intensity. In this paper we present results, obtained using the Lie operator formalism, on how chromaticity and dispersion affect particle orbits in integrable optics. We conclude that chromaticity in general breaks the integrability, unless the vertical and horizontal chromaticities are equal. Because of this, the chromaticity correcting magnets can be weaker and fewer correcting magnet families are required, thus minimizing the impact on dynamic aperture.
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MOPMA029	Experiences Simulating Nonlinear Integrable Optics	simulation, optics, diagnostics, emittance	611
	S.D. Webb, D.L. Bruhwiler RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA V.V. Danilov ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA R.A. Kishek UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA S. Nagaitsev, A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Award Number DE-SC0011340. With increasing interest in the nonlinear integrable optics, it is important that early experiences with simulating the lattices be shared to save time and point out potential difficulties in the simulations. We present here some details of simulating the nonlinear integrable lattices. We discuss correctly implementing and testing the elliptic element kicks, and the limits of the thin lens approximation. We also discuss generating a properly matched bunch in the transverse phase space, and how to analyze the resulting computational data from simulations.
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MOPMA035	Current Status of the GPU-accelerated ELEGANT	GPU, simulation, acceleration, collective-effects	623
	I.V. Pogorelov, J.R. King Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA K.M. Amyx Sierra Nevada Corporation, Centennial, USA M. Borland, R. Soliday ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the DOE Office of Science, Office of BES grant No. DE-SC0004585, and by Tech-X Corporation. This research used resources of the OLCF, supported under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Efficient implementation of general-purpose particle tracking on GPUs can bring significant performance benefits to large-scale tracking simulations and direct (tracking-based) accelerator optimization techniques. This presentation is an update on the current status of our work on accelerating Argonne National Lab’s particle accelerator simulation code ELEGANT [] using CUDA-enabled GPU. We summarize the performance of beamline elements ported to GPU, and discuss optimization techniques for some important collective effects kernels. We also outline briefly our testing and code validation infrastructure within ELEGANT and present the latest results of scaling studies with realistic lattices of the GPU-accelerated version of the code. M. Borland, ‘‘elegant: A Flexible SDDS-compliant Code for Accelerator Simulation", APS LS-287, September 2000
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MOPMA046	Simulations and experiments in Support of Octupole Lattice Studies at the University of Maryland Electron Ring	octupole, space-charge, electron, quadrupole	653
	K.J. Ruisard, B. Beaudoin, I. Haber, T.W. Koeth UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
	Funding: This material is based on work supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and the NSF Accelerator Science Program We present plans for a nonlinear lattice at the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER). Theory predicts that a strong nonlinear lattice can limit resonant behavior without reducing dynamic aperture if the nonlinear fields preserve integrability or quasi-integrability. We discuss plans for a quasi-integrable octupole lattice, based on the work of Danilov and Nagaitsev.* We use Elegant and the WARP PIC code to estimate the octupole-induced tune spread. We discuss improvements to the ring in support of octupole lattice experiments, including generation and detection of emittance-dominated, negligible space charge beams. * V. Danilov, S. Nagaitsev, Phys. Rev. STAB 13, 084002 (2010).
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MOPMA053	Characterizing Betatron Tune Knobs on Duke Storage Ring	wiggler, storage-ring, operation, betatron	672
	H. Hao, S.F. Mikhailov, V. Popov, Y.K. Wu FEL/Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA J.Y. Li USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
	Funding: This work is supported in part by the US DOE grant no. DE-FG02-97ER41033. The Duke electron storage ring is a dedicated driver for oscillator Free-Electron Lasers (FELs). A 34-m long straight section of the storage ring can host up to four FEL wigglers in several different configurations. The storage ring magnetic lattice has designed with great flexibility to enable the operation with different wiggler configurations and at different electron beam energies. To realize smooth storage ring operation with various electron beam and wiggler parameters, a sophisticated lattice feedforward compensation scheme and a set of betatron tune knobs have been designed, developed and implemented in the controls system. The built-in compensation and tune knobs have demonstrated to be highly useful to allow transparent operation of the storage ring. To fully understand the effectiveness of the lattice tuning scheme, experiments have been carried to characterize the betatron tune knobs. In this paper, we will outline the measurement techniques and procedures, report experimental results, and make important observations on the usefulness of developing an advanced light source storage ring using accurate knowledge of individual magnets with high-quality measured fields.
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MOPMA060	Impedance Measurement for the SPEAR3 Storage Ring	impedance, storage-ring, vacuum, damping	694
	X. Huang, J.J. Sebek SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	We studied the transverse impedance of the SPEAR3 storage ring with tune shift vs. beam intensity, head-tail instability and transverse mode coupling instability measurements. By taking measurements under different machine conditions, we probed the frequency dependence of the impedance, from which an impedance model was built. This model is consistent with instability measurements and previous bunch lengthening results.
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MOPMN001	Linear Optics and Coupling Correction with Turn-by-turn BPM Data	quadrupole, optics, target, coupling	698
	X. Huang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA X. Yang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	We propose a method to measure and correct storage ring linear optics and coupling with turn-by-turn BPM data. The independent component analysis (ICA) is used to obtain the amplitudes and phase advances of the betatron normal modes, which are compared to their counterparts derived from the lattice model. By fitting the model to the data with quadrupole and skew quadrupole variables, the linear optics and coupling of the machine can be obtained. Simulation demonstrates that errors in the lattice and BPM parameters can be recovered with this method. Experiments on the NSLS-II storage ring show that it can find the same optics as the linear optics from closed orbit (LOCO) method.
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MOPMN003	Dynamic Aperture Studies for the LHC High Luminosity Lattice	injection, luminosity, optics, quadrupole	705
	M. Giovannozzi, R. De Maria, E. McIntosh CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Y. Cai, Y. Nosochkov, M.-H. Wang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the US LHC Accelerator Research Program and the DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. Research supported by FP7 HiLumi LHC, Grant Agreement 284404, http://hilumilhc.web.cern.ch. Since quite some time, dynamic aperture studies have been undertaken with the aim of specifying the required field quality of the new magnets that will be installed in the LHC ring in the framework of the high-luminosity upgrade. In this paper the latest results concerning the specification work will be presented, taking into account both injection and collision energies and the field quality contribution from all the magnets in the newly designed interaction regions.
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MOPMN016	Decoherence due to Second Order Chromaticity in the NSLS-II Storage Ring	betatron, synchrotron, storage-ring, damping	737
	G. Bassi, A. Blednykh, J. Choi, V.V. Smaluk BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	We study decoherence effects due to second order chromaticity for small amplitude kicks, in order to estimate the energy spread from TbT data of the NSLS-II storage ring. The bare lattice case (no Damping Wigglers and Insertion devices) has been considered, due to the long transverse radiation damping time. To minimize the chromatic damping/antidamping from the slow-head tail effect, we used a short train of bunches distributed over consecutive rf-buckets with a high enough average current to obtain a good BPM signal. The vertical and horizontal betatron motion have been excited independently with pinger magnets. In this contribution we limit the discussion to the horizontal case.
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MOPMN018	A Generic Formulation for Emittance and Lattice Function Evolution for Non-Hamiltonian Systems with Stochastic Effects	emittance, radiation, synchrotron, scattering	740
	J.S. Berg BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. I describe a generic formulation for the evolution of emittances and lattice functions under arbitrary, possibly non-Hamiltonian, linear equations of motion. The average effect of stochastic processes, which would include ionization interactions and synchrotron radiation, is also included. I first compute the evolution of the covariance matrix, then the evolution of emittances and lattice functions from that. I examine the particular case of a cylindrically symmetric system, which is of particular interest for ionization cooling.
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MOPMN024	Study of NSLS-II Dynamic Aperture Tolerances with Respect to Field and Orbit Errors	dynamic-aperture, sextupole, quadrupole, alignment	751
	J. Choi, T.V. Shaftan, G.M. Wang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: DOE contract No: DE-AC02- 98CH10886 As the emittance of synchrotron light sources moves towards diffraction limit, magnet tolerances for reaching dynamic aperture for high injection efficiency and long lifetime become more stringent. Once nonlinear families are designed and the machine is built a machine operator may ask to which accuracy the linear optics and orbit should be corrected so to achieve reasonable dynamic aperture. We also studied the relations of the non-linear elements and beta-beat to the dynamic apertures by simulating NSLS-II storage ring lattice and the paper shows the results.
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MOPMN027	Optimization of Dynamic Aperture for Hadron Lattices in eRHIC	sextupole, hadron, storage-ring, collider	757
	Y.C. Jing, V. Litvinenko, D. Trbojevic BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The potential upgrade of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to an electron ion collider (eRHIC) involves numerous extensive changes to the existing collider complex. The expected very high luminosity is planned to be achieved at eRHIC with the help of squeezing the beta function of the hadron ring at the IP to a few cm, causing a large rise of the natural chromaticities and thus bringing with it challenges for the beam long term stability (Dynamic aperture). We present our effort to expand the DA by carefully tuning the nonlinear magnets thus controlling the size of the footprints in tune space and all lower order resonance driving terms. We show a reasonably large DA through particle tracking over millions of turns of beam revolution.
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MOPMN029	Spin Resonance Strength Calculation Through Single Particle Tracking for Rhic	resonance, betatron, proton, emittance	763
	Y. Luo, Y. Dutheil, H. Huang, F. Méot, V.H. Ranjbar BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The strengths of spin resonances for the polarized-proton operation in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider are currently calculated with code DEPOL, which numerically integrate through the whole ring based on analytical approximate formula. In this article, we calculate the spin resonance strength by performing Fourier transformation to the actual transverse magnetic field seen by a single particle travelling through the ring. Comparison is made between the results from this method and DEPOL and other approaches.
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MOPHA014	Magnetic Field Parametrization for Efficient Spin Tracking with POLE	resonance, closed-orbit, quadrupole, simulation	808
	J.F. Schmidt, W. Hillert ELSA, Bonn, Germany
	Funding: BMBF The new spin dynamics simulation suite pole is designed to perform systematic studies of beam depolarization in circular accelerators with short storage times or fast energy ramps. It is based on spin tracking using a Runge-Kutta algorithm with adaptive step width. pole can approximate the magnetic fields of the accelerator with a Fourier series to reduce computing time. Therefore, the magnetic field distribution is simplified with frequency filters by a C++ library before the spin tracking. The versatile library deals with import and export of lattices and particle trajectories from MAD-X and Elegant. The derived magnetic field distributions can be interpolated, Fourier transformed and accessed easily by applications. This contribution discusses advantages and disadvantages of the frquency filtering concept.
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MOPWI020	Development of Simple Tracking Libraries for ALS-U	Windows, simulation, framework, dynamic-aperture	1192
	H. Nishimura, D. Robin, K. Song, C. Steier, C. Sun, W. Wan LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 The conceptual lattice design study of a new diffraction-limited light source has become much more computer intensive than that for the 3rd-generation rings. We are in a process of upgrading our existing accelerator modeling and simulation libraries, Goemon* in C++ and a new version Tracy#, to fulfil such new demand. The C++ version has been actively used on the ALS HPC cluster for multi-objective optimization (MOGA) to optimize the ALS lattice, and recently for ALS-U*. This time, based on the current version in C#, we extracted its subset and ported it to C and C++. The routines are made thread-safe to enable OpenMP locally, and CPU-time profiling was extensively used to remove redundancies. The new refitting method of quad settings brought smooth switching from 5-dim to 6-dim. The data structure itself is simplified for the use on GPU that is based on our previous effort of tracking particles in GPU**. Tracy# itself is also upgraded to cooperate with these C/C++ versions. Their use from Python will be also mentioned. H. Nishimura, PAC01, 3066-3068. H. Nishimura, ICAP09. * C. Sun, et. al.,PAC11, 793-795. ** H. Tarawneh, et. al.,J.Phys.493 012020, 2014. *** H. Nishimura, et. al.,PAC11, 1764-1766.
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MOPWI024	Accelerator Online Simulation Platform	database, simulation, software, space-charge	1204
	C.P. Chu, Y. Zhang FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University. A platform for accelerator online beam simulation has been established for Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). This modeling platform supports multiple simulation codes for different sections of the complex machine which cannot be properly modeled with a single online simulation tool. Model data for the platform is stored in a relational database which is designed to accommodate most simulation data. The stored data is accessible with physics intuitive data API (Application Programming Interface). Presently, the platform is supporting Open XAL, MAD-X and IMPACT simulation codes. In addition to the model data storage and access, tools such as data comparison and simple graphing capability are also included in the platform.
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MOPWI026	Transverse Matching of Horizontal-Vertical Coupled Beams for the FRIB Linac	linac, quadrupole, simulation, solenoid	1211
	Y. Zhang, P. Chu, Z.Q. He, S.M. Lund, D.G. Maxwell FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 FRIB driver linac will deliver all heavy ion beams up to uranium with energy above 200 MeV/u, and maximum beam power on target 400 kW for nuclear physics research. Strong horizontal-vertical beam coupling exists in the FRIB linac since superconducting solenoids are applied to focus multi charge state beams. Further, the FRIB low beta SRF cavities have raised quadrupole field components. The combined effects make beam transverse matching challenging. In this paper, we study transverse matching of horizontal-vertical coupled beams based on beam profile measurements with multiple wire scanners. There are multiple solutions for the initial linac beams with coupling, and errors of the beam diagnostics and magnet power supplies introduce further complication. Nonetheless, simulation studies show that satisfactory transverse matching can be achieved with proper linac beam tuning.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPWI026
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MOPWI029	Electron Bombardment of ZnTe EO Bunch Charge Detector for Signal Lifetime Studies in Radiation Environment	electron, detector, laser, radiation	1220
	J.E. Williams, S. Biedron, S.V. Milton CSU, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA S.V. Benson, S. Zhang JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Electro-optic detection of bunch charge distribution utilizing the nonlinear Pockel's and Kerr effect of materials has been implemented at various facilities as a method of passive detection for beam preservation throughout characterization. Most commonly, the inorganic II-VI material ZnTe is employed due to it's strong Pockel's EO effect and relatively high temporal resolution (~90 fs). Despite early exploration of radiation damage on ZnTe in exploration of semi-conductor materials in the 1970's, full characterization of EO response over radiation lifetime has yet to be performed. The following poster presents a method for ZnTe crystal characterization studies throughout radiation exposure at various energies and dosages by analyzing the changes in index of refraction including bulk uniformity, and THz signal response changes.
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MOPWI030	Low Emittance Tuning With a Witness Bunch	betatron, emittance, storage-ring, coupling	1223
	D. L. Rubin, R.E. Meller, J.P. Shanks Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by NSF PHY-1416318, PHY-0734867 and PHY-1002467, and DOE DE-FC02-08ER- 41538 and DE-SC0006505 Electron positron damping rings and colliders will require frequent tuning to maintain ultra-low vertical emittance. Emittance tuning begins with precision beam based measurement of lattice errors (orbit, transverse coupling, and dispersion) followed by compensation with corrector magnets. Traditional techniques for measuring lattice errors are incompatible with simultaneous operation of the storage ring as light source or damping ring. Dedicated machine time is required. The gated tune tracker (the device that drives the beam at the normal mode frequencies) and the bunch-by-bunch, turn-by-turn beam position monitor system developed at CESR are integrated to allow synchronous detection of phase. The system is capable of measuring lattice errors during routine operation. A single bunch at the end of a train of arbitrary length, is designated as the witness. The witness bunch alone is resonantly excited, and the phase and amplitude of the witness is mea- sured at each of the 100 beam position monitors. Lattice errors are extracted from the measurements. Corrections are then applied. The emittance of all of the bunches in the train is measured and the effectiveness of the correction procedure demonstrated.
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TUAB2	First Collective Effects Measurements in NSLS-II with ID's	impedance, vacuum, quadrupole, storage-ring	1332
	A. Blednykh, B. Bacha, G. Bassi, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, Y. Hidaka, Y. Li, B. Podobedov, T.V. Shaftan, V. Smalyuk, T. Tanabe, G.M. Wang, F.J. Willeke, L.-H. Yu BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by DOE contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. As another important milestone towards the final goal to store an average current of 500mA, the average current of 200mA, distributed within ~1000 bunches, was recently achieved in the NSLS-II storage ring after the installation of three Damping Wigglers and four In-Vacuum Undulators. First measurements of the collective effects and instability thresholds, both in single- and multi-bunch mode, are discussed.
	Slides TUAB2 [2.691 MB]
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TUAC3	Optimization of Beam Loss Monitor Network for Fault Modes	cavity, detector, network, simulation	1356
	Z. Liu, Z.Q. He, S.M. Lidia, D. Liu, Q. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) System is an essential part to protect accelerator from machine faults. Compared with the empirical or uniform BLM arrangement in most accelerators, our new optimization approach proposes a “minimum spatial distribution” for BLM network. In this distribution, BLMs shall be placed at a small set of “critical positions” that can detect all failure / FPS trigger-able events of each fault mode. In additional, to implement a more advanced function of fault diagnosis, BLM should also be placed at “discrimination points” for fault-induced loss pattern recognition. With examples of FRIB failure event simulations, the author demonstrates the proof of concept to locate these “critical positions” and “discrimination points” for the minimum spatial distribution of BLMs.
	Slides TUAC3 [2.341 MB]
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TUPWA001	Measurement of the Incoherent Depth of Field Effect on Horizontal Beam Size Using a Synchrotron Light Interferometer	electron, photon, synchrotron, storage-ring	1391
	M.J. Boland SLSA, Clayton, Australia W.J. Corbett SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA T.M. Mitsuhashi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	The electron beam size as measured using synchrotron light in a circular accelerator is influenced by the incoherent depth of field effect. This effect comes about due to the instantaneous opening angle of the emitted synchrotron radiation (SR) and the acceptance angle of the SR light monitor beamline. Measurements were made using a visible light interferometer at the visible light beamlines in three circular accelerators at ATF, SPEAR3 and AS. The first order spatial coherence of the beam was measured and from that the horizontal beam size was calculated. The data is compared with a theory of synchrotron radiation with and without the horizontal incoherent field depth effect.
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TUPWA002	Layout Options for the AXXS Injector and XFEL	linac, storage-ring, FEL, dipole	1394
	M.J. Boland, Y.E. Tan, D. Zhu SLSA, Clayton, Australia
	A new injector is being planned for the Australian Synchrotron that is designed to feed both an upgraded storage ring and an XFEL. The desire to fit the AXXS project on the same site as the existing light source presents several layout difficulties. Several options are studied and simulations are performed to check the impact each choice has on the beam performance.
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TUPWA013	Linear and Nonlinear Optimizations for the ESRF Upgrade Lattice	sextupole, injection, dynamic-aperture, optics	1422
	N. Carmignani, L. Farvacque, S.M. Liuzzo, B. Nash, T.P. Perron, P. Raimondi, R. Versteegen, S.M. White ESRF, Grenoble, France
	The ESRF storage ring will be replaced in 2020 by a new hybrid multi bend achromat lattice with 134 pmrad equilibrium horizontal emittance. To determine the best working point, large scans of tunes and chromaticities have been performed, computing Touschek lifetime and dynamic aperture. From different working points, the multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-II has been used to optimize the nonlinear magnets values and some linear optics parameters. The analysis have been carried out on lattices with errors and corrections. The optimizations have produced lattices with longer lifetime and larger dynamic aperture for different working points with positive chromaticities.
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TUPWA014	Influence of errors on the ESRF Upgrade Lattice	survey, multipole, dynamic-aperture, alignment	1426
	S.M. Liuzzo, J.C. Biasci, N. Carmignani, L. Farvacque, G. Gatta, G. Le Bec, D. Martin, B. Nash, T.P. Perron, P. Raimondi, R. Versteegen, S.M. White ESRF, Grenoble, France
	To determine the tolerable alignment and magnetic errors for the ESRF upgrade, we study their influence on Touschek lifetime and dynamic aperture. The correction of each set of errors studied is performed with a commissioning-like procedure, from the search for a closed orbit to the correction of resonance driving terms. Each kind of error is studied independently for each relevant family of magnets. The tolerable values deduced from the analysis are within the practical limits. The impact of the measured and simulated survey errors is also considered, defining the position of the currently installed lattice as the one of least impact for the realignment of X-ray beamlines.
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TUPWA017	Collimation scheme for the ESRF Upgrade	radiation, collimation, shielding, beam-losses	1434
	R. Versteegen, P. Berkvens, N. Carmignani, L. Farvacque, S.M. Liuzzo, B. Nash, T.P. Perron, P. Raimondi, S.M. White ESRF, Grenoble, France
	The ultra low emittance foreseen for the ESRF Upgrade will translate into a limited Touschek lifetime, increasing substantially the loss rate around the ring compared to the present machine. Consequently it becomes crucial to know the distribution of electron beam losses to optimize the radiation shielding and to protect the insertion devices from radiation damage. Such loss maps of the storage ring can be produced thanks to the simulation of the Touschek scattering process along the lattice. It is shown that about 80 % of the beam losses can be collimated in a few chosen locations only, keeping the resulting lifetime reduction smaller than 10 %.
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TUPWA034	Status of the Recommissioning of the Synchrotron Light Source PETRA III	emittance, synchrotron, operation, optics	1485
	R. Wanzenberg, M. Bieler, M. Ebert, L. Fröhlich, J. Keil, J. Klute, G. Kube, G.K. Sahoo DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	At DESY the Synchrotron Light Source PETRA III has been extended in the North and East section of the storage ring to accommodate ten additional beam lines. The PETRA ring was converted into a dedicated synchrotron light source from 2007 to 2009. Regular user operation started in summer 2010 with a very low emittance of 1 nm at a beam energy of 6 GeV and a total beam current of 100 mA. All photon beamlines were installed in one octant of the storage ring. Nine straight sections facilitated the installation of insertion devices for 14 beam lines. Due to the high demand for additional beamlines the lattice of the ring was redesigned to accommodate 10 additional beamlines in the future. In a one year long shut-down two new experimental halls were built. The recommissioning of PETRA III started in February 2015. We are reporting the current status of synchrotron light source including the performance of the subsystems.
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TUPWA052	Elettra 2.0 - The Next Machine	dipole, quadrupole, emittance, dynamic-aperture	1532
	E. Karantzoulis Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
	A next generation light source (ULS) to replace Elettra, the third generation Italian light source, is presented and discussed
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TUPWA060	Design of Diffraction Limited Light Source Ring with Multi-bend Lattice on a Torus-knot	emittance, quadrupole, dynamic-aperture, alignment	1560
	A. Miyamoto, S. Sasaki HSRC, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
	We proposed a torus knot type synchrotron radiation ring in that the beam orbit does not close in one turn but closes after multiple turns around the ring. Currently, we are designing a new ring based on the shape of a (11, 3) torus knot for our future plan ‘HiSOR-II.’ This ring is mid-low energy light source ring with beam energy of 700 MeV. Recently some light source rings are achieving very low emittance that reaches a diffraction limited light by adopting a multi-bend scheme to the arc section of the ring. It is not difficult for low-mid energy VUV-SX light source ring because the electron beam less than 10 nmrad can provide the diffraction limited light in the energy less than 10eV. On the other hand, the multi-bend lattice demands many families of the magnets and spaces to place them, therefore it is difficult to achieve diffraction limited emittance for compact SR ring. However, for the torus-knot type accumulation ring, it is not difficult to realize such a low emittance. We present the details of the designing procedure and the specifications of the ultra-low emittance light source ring having innovatively odd shape.
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TUPJE013	Lattice Design of Low Beta Function at Interaction Point for TTX-II	electron, quadrupole, dynamic-aperture, scattering	1641
	T. Rui, W.-H. Huang TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	TTX-II is a storage ring being designed at Accelerator Laboratory in Tsinghua University as the second phase of Tsinghua Thomson scattering x-ray source (TTX), to increase the average photon flux generated. To achieve a small beta function at the interaction point, four pairs of quadrupole magnets, whose focusing strengths are optimized, are added to the baseline. The lattice design is presented in this work.
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TUPJE035	Optimization of Turn-by-Turn Measurements at Soleil and Alba Light Sources	quadrupole, betatron, synchrotron, storage-ring	1686
	M. Carlà, G. Benedetti, Z. Martí ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain L.S. Nadolski SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	Turn-by-turn measurements paves the way for fast storage ring diagnostics. On the other hand turn-by-turn technique is by its very nature delicate, requiring an extensive system tuning and understanding. During last year several attempts to recover linear model informations from turn-by-turn measurements has been carried out in cooperation between the synchrotrons of SOLEIL and ALBA. A routine to extract phase advance and betatron amplitude from turn-by-turn measurements in presence of damping has been developed. Moreover a procedure to retrieve quadrupole errors from such observables has been developed tested and verified against the traditional diagnostics tools based on closed orbit measurements. A comparison between the different methods and the performance of the two different experimental setups are reported.
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TUPJE038	Impact of Insertion Devices on the MAX IV Storage Rings	storage-ring, optics, quadrupole, octupole	1696
	S.C. Leemann, H. Tarawneh MAX-lab, Lund, Sweden
	There will be multiple compensations employed for insertion devices in the MAX IV storage rings. Apart from well-known dipole corrections and previously detailed local and global linear optics matching, certain insertion devices in the MAX IV storage rings will also require nonlinear optics adjustments and/or skew quadrupole corrections. The goal of such corrections is ensuring sufficient dynamic aperture as well as low residual emittance coupling. This paper will present a few studies that rely on tracking through kick maps in order to quantify detrimental effects of insertion devices on dynamic aperture and vertical emittance, develop suitable countermeasures, and finally, verify restored storage ring performance.
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TUPJE045	Round Beam Operation in Electron Storage Rings and generalisation of Mobius accelerator	quadrupole, emittance, insertion, injection	1716
	M. Aiba, M.P. Ehrlichman, A. Streun PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	A better performing photon beam can be obtained from light sources when the eletron beam is formed into a "round beam" rather than a flat beam. It is realised by equally distributing the natural emittance into the horizontal and vertical planes. There are a few approaches for the emittance distribution, and we explored the so-called Mobius accelerator scheme, where a transverse (horizontal-vertical) emittance exchange results at each turn of beam revolution. The original proposal of Mobius accelerator was based on a set of five succesive skew quadruples, requiring a dedicated long straight section. We generalise the Mobius accelerator section to find more convenient configurations. Applications to a light source storage ring lattice and some tracking results are also presented.
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TUPJE046	Investigation of the Injection Scheme for SLS 2.0	injection, kicker, multipole, booster	1720
	Á. Saá Hernández, M. Aiba PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	SLS2, an upgrade of the Swiss Light Source (SLS), aiming at a natural horizontal emittance in the range of 100 pm is planned and under study. This will be achieved by replacing the current magnet lattice of the electron storage ring by a new multibend achromat magnet lattice, while reusing the injector chain and most of the existing infrastructures. The new low emittance ring will impose more restrictive constraints on injection due to a smaller machine aperture and a very compact lattice, dominated by non-linearities. We performed a study to find the optimum injection scheme for SLS2 among the conventional and more advanced schemes; namely multipole kicker injection (off-axis and also on-axis matched to the off-momentum closed orbit) and longitudinal injection.
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TUPJE047	Design Studies for an Upgrade of the SLS Storage Ring	emittance, storage-ring, radiation, operation	1724
	A. Streun, M. Aiba, M. Böge, M.P. Ehrlichman, A. Saá Hernández PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	An upgrade of the Swiss Light Source (SLS) would replace the existing storage ring by a low aperture multibend achromat lattice providing an emittance of about 100–200 pm at 2.4 GeV, while maintaining the hall, the beam lines and the injector. Since emittance scales inversely cubically with the number of lattice cells, an SLS upgrade is challenged by the comparatively small ring circumference of only 288 m. A new concept for a compact low emittance lattice is based on longitudinal gradient bending magnets for emittance minimization and on anti-bends (i.e bends of opposite field polarity) to disentangle dispersion and horizontal beta function in order to provide the optimum matching to the longitudinal gradient bends while minimizing the contribution to chromaticity.
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TUPJE061	Injection Studies for the Diamond Storage Ring	septum, injection, kicker, storage-ring	1768
	I.P.S. Martin, M. Apollonio, R. Bartolini DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom R. Bartolini JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	The Diamond storage ring will be upgraded during 2016 by replacing one of the existing double bend achromat (DBA) cells with a double-DBA (DDBA) cell. It is anticipated that both the on and off momentum dynamic aperture will reduce as a result of this change. In order to prepare for this eventuality, injection into the Diamond storage ring has been recently studied in detail. In particular, the oscillation amplitude, angle and energy of the injected beam have been determined, along with the position of the stored beam with respect to the septum plate. Following these studies, the injected beam energy has been matched to the storage ring, and plans have been put in place to move the injection septum 4 mm closer to the stored beam centre line. R.P. Walker et al., “The Double-Double Bend Achromat (DDBA) Lattice Modification for the Diamond Storage Ring”, Proc. IPAC 2014, MOPRO103, (2014)
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TUPJE063	Hybrid Seven-Bend-Achromat Lattice for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade	emittance, multipole, injection, sextupole	1776
	M. Borland, V. Sajaev, Y. Sun ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. A hybrid seven-bend-achromat lattice has been designed for the APS upgrade. We describe the design goals, constraints, and methodology, including the choice of beam energy. Magnet strength and spacing is compatible with engineering designs for the magnets, diagnostics, and vacuum system. Dynamic acceptance and local momentum acceptance were simulated using realistic errors, then used to assess workable injection methods and predict beam lifetime. Predicted brightness is two to three orders of magnitude higher than the existing APS storage ring. Pointers are provided to other papers in this conference that cover subjects in more detail.
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TUPJE067	Status of the APS Upgrade Project	brightness, photon, emittance, dipole	1791
	S. Henderson ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 A concept for an upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source based on a multi-bend achromat lattice is being developed at Argonne National Laboratory. An MBA upgrade to the APS will reduce the horizontal emittance by a factor of ~50. Coupled with superconducting undulators, the APS-U brightness will be two to three orders of magnitude beyond that which is available today at the APS.
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TUPJE070	Preliminary Experimental Investigation of Quasi Achromat Scheme at Advanced Photon Source	resonance, emittance, operation, optics	1800
	Y. Sun, H. Shang ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Next generation storage rings require weaker dipole magnets and stronger quadrupole focusing to achieve very low emittance. To suppress the geometric and chromatic optics aberrations introduced by the strong sextupoles, achromat and quasi achromat schemes are applied in the lattice design to improve the beam dynamics performance. In this paper, some preliminary experimental investigation of the quasi achromat scheme at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) are presented. Three different operation lattices are compared on their beam dynamics performance. Although none of these operation lattices achieve ideal quasi achromat condition, they have certain relevant features. It is observed that fewer resonances are present in the nominal operation lattice which is most close to quasi achromat required conditions.
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TUPJE071	Alternate Lattice Design for Advanced Photon Source Multi-Bend Achromat Upgrade	dipole, injection, quadrupole, accumulation	1803
	Y. Sun, M. Borland ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. A 67-pm hybrid-seven-bend achromat (H7BA) lattice is proposed for a future Advanced Photon Source (APS) multi-bend-achromat (MBA) upgrade. This lattice requires use of a swap-out (on-axis) injection scheme. Alternate lattice design work has also been performed to achieve better beam dynamics performance than the nominal APS MBA lattice, in order to allow beam accumulation. One of such alternate H7BA lattice designs, which still targets a very low emittance of 76 pm, is discussed in this paper. With these lattices, existing APS injector complex can be employed without the requirement of a very high charge operation. Studies show that an emittance below 76 pm can be achieved with the employment of reverse bends in an alternate lattice. We discuss the predicted performance and requirements for these lattices and compare them to the nominal lattice.
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TUPJE072	Advanced Photon Source Injection Related Simulation and Measurement	injection, simulation, operation, septum	1806
	Y. Sun ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Injection efficiency is one of the key factors in ensuring successful operation of storage ring light sources. In this paper, injection simulation and measurement studies at the Advanced Photon Source will be presented. The tracking simulations and measurements are compared in terms of the dynamic aperture and injection efficiency. Injection efficiency is also measured on the betatron tunes space and on different stored beam orbits. yisun@aps.anl.gov
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TUPMA001	Progress of the R&D towards a diffraction limited upgrade of the Advanced Light Source	optics, injection, radiation, photon	1840
	C. Steier, A. Anders, D. Arbelaez, J.M. Byrd, K. Chow, S. De Santis, R.M. Duarte, J.-Y. Jung, T.H. Luo, A. Madur, H. Nishimura, J.R. Osborn, G.C. Pappas, L.R. Reginato, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, D. Schlueter, C. Sun, C.A. Swenson, W.L. Waldron, E.J. Wallén, W. Wan LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Improvements in brightness and coherent flux of about two orders of magnitude over operational storage ring based light sources are possible using multi bend achromat lattice designs. These improvements can be implemented as upgrades of existing facilities, like the proposed upgrade of the Advanced Light Source, making use of the existing infrastructure, thereby reducing cost and time needed to reach full scientific productivity on a large number of beamlines. An R&D program funded by internal laboratory funds was started at LBNL to further develop the technologies necessary for diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSR). It initially involves five areas, and focuses on the specific needs of soft x-ray facilities: vacuum system/NEG coating of small chambers, injection/pulsed magnets, RF systems/bunch lengthening, magnets/radiation production with advanced radiation devices, and beam physics design optimization. Some hardware prototypes have been built. The work will expand in the future to demonstrate necessary key technologies at the subsystem level or in beam tests and include new areas like photon beamline optics.
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TUPMA021	Optimization of an Improved SASE (iSASE) FEL	FEL, radiation, undulator, simulation	1881
	L. Gupta Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA K. Fang, J. Wu SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Supported by US DOE FWP-2013-SLAC-100164 and DOE SULI. In order to improve free electron laser technology for the future LCLSII at SLAC, a new strategy for creating radiation with increased temporal coherence is under development. The improved Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (iSASE) FEL utilizes phase shifters which allow for the spontaneously emitted radiation to interact with and stimulate more electrons to radiate coherently. Five phase shifters were simulated, with 34 normal-conducting undulators and focusing-defocusing quadrupoles as an LCLSII FEL lattice using the FEL software Genesis 1.3. Two general schemes, one providing a total phase shift of arbitrary distribution, the other providing a sequential or distributed phase shift, were simulated and optimized using a simulated annealing algorithm. The results suggest that the phase shifters must provide a total shift comparable to the bunch length, and the shifts must be distributed with one large shift, followed by smaller shifts. * J. Wu, A. Marinelli, C. Pellegrini, Proc. FEL2012, pp. 237, Japan (2012). ** J. Wu, et al., Proc. IPAC2013, pp. 2068, China (2013).
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TUPMA022	CESR Upgrade as a High-Energy, High-Brightness X-Ray Light Source	emittance, positron, electron, storage-ring	1884
	J.P. Shanks, D. L. Rubin Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: Research supported by NSF grant DMR-1332208. The Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) operates most of the year as the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS). CESR was originally designed and operated as an electron/positron collider, circulating high-emittance beams in order to maximize luminosity. Beam lines were developed to extract x-rays from both electron and positron beams. The two beams share a common vacuum chamber, and are electrostatically separated to avoid collisions. The requirement to store counter-rotating beams significantly constrains the storage ring optics, limiting emittance and, beam current, and bunch distributions. The proposed upgrade eliminates two-beam operation in favor of a single optimized on-axis beam. Several new undulator-based beam lines are planned. The horizontal emittance is reduced in steps, first from 90nm to 20nm at 5.3 GeV, and then in a ring-wide upgrade to as low as 300 pm-rad at 6GeV. The low-emittance optics are based on multi-bend achromats with combined function bends. The details of the optics, apertures, and magnet parameters are presented.
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TUPMA023	Two-Dimensional Calculation of Channeling Radiation Spectrum for High-Brightness Hard X-Ray Production	electron, radiation, ion, brightness	1888
	W.D. Rush, J. Shi KU, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
	The channeling radiation spectrum is calculated without using the one-dimensional approximation in the planar channeling radiation model or the single-string approximation in the axial channeling radiation model. The obtained spectrum of the two-dimensional channeling radiaiton is significantly different from those previously calculated with the approximations. The calculation presented here is of the channeling radiation experiments conducted at Fermilab Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA) photoinjector with electron beam energies of 20-50 MeV and a diamond target. The computational method developed in this work can be applied to general cases of different crystals and beams with different energy and emittances.
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TUPMA034	Control of Synchrotron Radiation Effects During Recirculation with Bunch Compression	emittance, controls, recirculation, simulation	1910
	D. Douglas, S.V. Benson, R. Li, C. Tennant JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA G.A. Krafft, B. Terzić ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA C.-Y. Tsai Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177. Studies of beam quality preservation during recirculation * have been extended to generate a design of a compact arc providing bunch compression with positive momentum compaction and control of both incoherent and coherent synchrotron radiation (ISR and CSR) effects using the optics balance methods of diMitri et al.. In addition, the arc/compressor generates very little micro-bunching gain. We detail the beam dynamical basis for the design, discuss the design process, give an example solution, and provide simulations of ISR and CSR effects. Reference will be made to a complete analysis of micro-bunching effects **. D. Douglas et al., these proceedings S. Benson et al., these proceedings * S. diMitri et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 014801, 2 January 2013 **** C.Y. Tsai et al., these proceedings
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TUPMA035	Control of Synchrotron Radiation Effects during Recirculation	emittance, controls, recirculation, synchrotron	1913
	D. Douglas, S.V. Benson, A.S. Hofler, R. Kazimi, R. Li, Y. Roblin, C. Tennant JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA G.A. Krafft, B. Terzić ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA C.-Y. Tsai Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177. Numerous proposals invoke recirculation and/or energy recovery for cost-performance optimization. These often encounter challenges with the beam-quality-degrading effects of incoherent and coherent synchrotron radiation (ISR and CSR). We describe a means of controlling of this degradation. The approach utilizes results by diMitri et al. , and invokes behavior observed during simulations of the recirculation process. The method is based on the use of periodically isochronous 2nd-order achromats; this not only insures that the conditions for the suppression of CSR-driven emittance growth are met, it also suppresses micro-bunching gain over a broad range of parameter space . Details of specific designs will be presented, and a reference to an analysis of micro-bunching effects provided. A planned test of the CSR suppression mechanism in CEBAF will be described. S. diMitri et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 014801, 2 January 2013. *C.Y. Tsai et al., these proceedings.
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TUPMA053	Experience with First Turns Commissioning in NSLS-II Storage Ring	injection, kicker, storage-ring, betatron	1950
	S. Seletskiy, G. Bassi, J. Bengtsson, A. Blednykh, E.B. Blum, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, R.P. Fliller, W. Guo, R. Heese, Y. Hidaka, S.L. Kramer, Y. Li, B. Podobedov, T.V. Shaftan, G.M. Wang, F.J. Willeke, L. Yang, X. Yang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	In this paper we describe our experience with commissioning of the first turns in the NSLS-II storage ring. We discuss the problems that we encountered and show how applying a dedicated first turns commissioning software allowed us to diagnose and resolve these problems.
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TUPMA054	High Level Application for First Turns Commissioning in NSLS-II Storage Ring	software, storage-ring, GUI, controls	1953
	S. Seletskiy, A. Blednykh, J. Choi, Y. Hidaka, B. Podobedov, G. Shen, L. Yang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The typical problems occurring during commissioning of the first turns in the storage rings include shorted coils or reversed polarity of the magnets, cross-cabling of magnets power supplies and reversed polarity of BPMs. In this paper we describe a dedicated high level control application, which was created and utilized for commissioning of the first turns in NSLS-II storage ring.
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TUPHA012	LOCO Application to NSLS2 SR Dispersion and Beta Beating Correction	quadrupole, optics, storage-ring, ion	1989
	X. Yang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA X. Huang, J.A. Safranek SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	During the short run in early July, 2014, we made changes to the Matlab LOCO setup for NSLS-II and applied LOCO successfully to the machine. The MML setup was verified with I/O tests for all quadrupole families. The LOCO setup was further tested with an intentional quadrupole error. After the successful LOCO correction, the rms beta beat was reduced from the initial values of 5.5% x and 5.6% y, to 1.9% x and 1.0% y, respectively. The rms horizontal dispersion error was reduced from 21 mm to 6 mm. It is critical to keep the same closed orbit for LOCO correction to take effect. Because presently some correctors are nearly saturated, closed orbit cannot be controlled for additional iterations. We expect LOCO to achieve better optics correction after the orbit control is improved.
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOYGB3

Commissioning of NSLS-II

insertion, insertion-device, emittance, damping

11

F.J. Willeke
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

NSLS-II, the new 3rd generation light source at BNL was designed for a brightness of 10²² photons s^-1 mm^-2 mrad^-2 (0.1%BW)^-1. It was constructed between 2009 and 2014. The storage ring was commissioned in April 2014 which was followed by insertion device and beamline commissioning in the fall of 2014. All ambitious design parameters of the facility have already been achieved except for commissioning the full beam intensity of 500 mA which requires more RF installation. This paper reports on the results of commissioning.

Slides MOYGB3 [3.884 MB]

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MOBC3

Electron Lenses for Experiments on Nonlinear Dynamics with Wide Stable Tune Spreads in the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator

electron, solenoid, optics, operation

46

G. Stancari, K. Carlson, M.W. McGee, L.E. Nobrega, A.L. Romanov, J. Ruan, A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
D. Noll
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Funding: Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy.
Recent developments in the study of integrable Hamiltonian systems have led to nonlinear accelerator lattice designs with two transverse invariants. These lattices may drastically improve the performance of high-power machines, providing wide tune spreads and Landau damping to protect the beam from instabilities, while preserving dynamic aperture. To test the feasibility of these concepts, the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) is being designed and built at Fermilab. One way to obtain a nonlinear integrable lattice is by using the fields generated by a magnetically confined electron beam (electron lens) overlapping with the circulating beam. The parameters of the required device are similar to the ones of existing electron lenses. We present theory, numerical simulations, and first design studies of electron lenses for nonlinear integrable optics.

Slides MOBC3 [11.870 MB]

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MOPWA004

Reformulation of the Action and Phase Jump Method to Obtain Magnetic Errors in the LHC IRs

quadrupole, simulation, interaction-region, framework

80

A.C. García-Bonilla, J.F. Cardona
UNAL, Bogota D.C, Colombia

Funding: Fundación Para la Promoción de la Investigación y la Tecnología del Banco de la República and Division de Investigación Bogotá (DIB).
One of the major problems when doing the commissioning of an accelerator is to identify and correct the linear components of magnetic errors. The Action and Phase Jump Technique is one of the available methods to perform this task. For this method to work, it is necessary to have one BPM measurement at the IR, the region where the magnetic error is evaluated. In some cases, this BPM measurement become the biggest source of uncertainty when the action and phase jump technique is used. In this paper, a new formulation based on this method is presented. This new formulation doesn't make any use of BPM measurements at the IR, thereby allowing more robust error estimations. Quadrupole errors in the LHC lattice are estimated with this new formulation, using both, simulated data and LHC experimental data. A comparison with the previous formulation is included. The results on simulated data show that the reformulation leads to a reduction in the uncertainty, while for the experimental case, the reduction is not so clear. Explanations for this behavior and possible remedies will also be discussed.

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MOPWA012

Study of Optimal MBA Lattice Structures for the SOLEIL Upgrade

emittance, dipole, optics, quadrupole

106

R. Nagaoka, P. Brunelle, F.J. Cullinan, X.N. Gavaldà, A. Loulergue, A. Nadji, L.S. Nadolski, M.-A. Tordeux
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Within the context of a future upgrade of the SOLEIL ring, a series of lattice studies has been made with the aim of reducing the current 4 nm-rad horizontal emittance ex by more than an order of magnitude, with a dynamic aperture allowing off-axis injection. As in most upgrades, the important constraint imposed is to keep all the existing straight sections and photon source points. A particularity of SOLEIL are the short straight sections in half of the 16 double-bend cells, created in between the dipoles, which limits the number of dipoles in a MBA cell. In the previous studies, a combination of 5- and 4BA was followed, where with the use of longitudinal gradient bends (LGBs), ex ~440 pm-rad was obtained. The present paper reports on studies extended along the same strategy: In particular, the feasibility and the attainable ex are pursued with a combination of 7- and 6BA, by employing dipoles with transverse gradient and LGBs. In addition, the effectiveness of a few known nonlinear optimization methods, such as the resonance driving term cancellation, interleaved sextupoles with proper phases, and genetic algorithm-based numerical searches shall be explored.

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MOPWA014

New Functionality for Beam Dynamics in Accelerator Toolbox (AT)

radiation, dipole, simulation, emittance

113

B. Nash, N. Carmignani, L. Farvacque, S.M. Liuzzo, T.P. Perron, P. Raimondi, R. Versteegen, S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France

Accelerator Toolbox is a widely used code for beam dynamic simulations based on Matlab. To continue the development of the code in a collaborative manner, a SourceForge project and SVN repository called atcollab has been established. Here we describe the contributions to atcollab from the ESRF beam dynamics group. Additional modules have been developed: general matching (atmatch), improved plotting (atplot), Touschek lifetime computation via the Piwinski formula, nonlinear dynamics computations such as resonance driving terms, improved reporting of lost particles and improvements and additions to the integration routines. One example of the latter includes diffusion due to quantum fluctuations. Modeling of collective effects may now be performed using pass methods representing a variety of impedance models. Finally, routines to replace the full ring with a compact representation have been developed, facilitating studies in which many turns and many particles are required.

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MOPWA015

Lattice Correction using LOCO for the ThomX Storage Ring

quadrupole, optics, storage-ring, coupling

117

I. Chaikovska, C. Bruni, S. Chancé, A. Variola, J.F. Zhang
LAL, Orsay, France
A. Loulergue
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Funding: Work is supported by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche as part of the program EQUIPEX under reference ANR-10-EQPX-51, the Ile de France region, CNRS-IN2P3 and Université Paris Sud XI
ThomX is a compact Compton based X-ray source under construction at LAL in Orsay (France). The ThomX accelerator facility is composed by a 50-70 MeV linac driven by 3 GHz RF gun, a transfer line and a 18 meters long Storage Ring (SR). The Compton backscattering at each revolution between the 1 nC electron bunch and the 25 mJ laser pulses stacked in the Fabry-Perot cavity results in the production of ~10¹³ photons per second with energies in the X-ray regime. This high flux of the X-rays strongly depends on the quality (beam sizes) of the electron beam at the interaction point. To guarantee this, a good knowledge and quality of the linear lattice of the ThomX SR are required. Nowadays, LOCO (Linear Optics from Closed Orbits) is a well-known and widely used algorithm to measure and restore the linear optics of the SRs and ensure the designed performances. Comparing the measured and model orbit response matrices, the linear lattice can be restored by retuning the quadrupole gradients. In this paper, we report on the LOCO analysis of the ThomX SR taking into account simulated misalignment, calibration and field errors.

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MOPWA035

Two General Orbit Theorems for Efficient Measurements of Beam Optics

closed-orbit, storage-ring, optics, dipole

183

B. Riemann, A. Ferrarotto, P. Hartmann, B.D. Isbarn, S. Koetter, M. Sommer, P. Towalski, T. Weis
DELTA, Dortmund, Germany

Closed-orbit perturbations and oscillating beam solutions in storage rings are closely related. While techniques exist to fit accelerator models to closed-orbit perturbations or to oscillation data, the exploitation of their relation has been limited. In this work, two orbit theorems that allow an efficient computation of optical parameters in storage rings with older hardware are derived for coupled linear beam motion. The monitor theorem is based on an uncoupled case study described by the author in an earlier work and has been generalized as well as simplified in mathematical abstraction to provide a reliable and computationally stable framework for beam optics measurements. It is based on a closed-orbit measurement utilizing 4 dipole correctors (2 for each plane). The corrector theorem allows to obtain parameters of these dipole correctors using two turn-by-turn monitors at almost arbitrary positions in the ring (which do not need to be located in a drift space), so that it is possible to uniquely resolve closed orbits into optical parameters without sophisticated lattice models.

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MOPWA039

Emittance Reduction Possibilities in the PETRA III Magnet Lattice

optics, emittance, sextupole, synchrotron

197

N. Golubeva, V. Balandin, W. Decking, R. Wanzenberg
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

PETRA III is a third generation light source that has been operated as a user facility since 2010 at DESY. An upgrade for additional beam lines has been carried out, and the recommissioning of the new beam lines is starting in spring 2015. In order to fully exploit the potential of the existing magnet lattice of the PETRA III ring, we present a study of beam optics modifications enabling the reduction of the horizontal emittance without changes of the lattice.

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MOPWA044

Quasi-frozen Spin Method for EDM Deuteron Search

dipole, storage-ring, proton, simulation

213

Y. Senichev, A. Lehrach, B. Lorentz, R. Maier
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
S.N. Andrianov, A.N. Ivanov
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
M. Berz, E. Valetov
MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
S. Chekmenev
RWTH, Aachen, Germany

To search for EDM using proton storage ring with purely electrostatic elements the concept of frozen spin method has been proposed by BNL. This method is based on two facts: in the equation of the spin precession the magnetic field dependence is entirely eliminated and at “magic” energy the spin precession frequency coincides with the precession frequency of the momentum. In case of deuteron the anomalous magnetic moment is negative (G=-0.142), therefore we have to use the electrical and magnetic field simultaneously keeping the frozen spin direction along the momentum as in the pure electrostatic ring. In this article we suggest the concept of the quasi-frozen spin when the spin oscillates around the momentum direction within the half value of the advanced spin phase each time returning back by special optics. Due to the low value of the anomalous magnetic moment of deuteron an effective contribution to the expected EDM effect is reduced only by a few percent.

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MOPWA046

Lattice and Beam Dynamics of the Energy Recovery Mode of the Mainz Energy-recovering Superconducting Accelerator MESA

linac, cryomodule, experiment, simulation

220

D. Simon, K. Aulenbacher, R.G. Heine, F. Schlander
IKP, Mainz, Germany

Funding: Work supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and German Research Foundation (DFG) under the Cluster of Excellence PRISMA.
The mainz energy recovering superconducting accelerator (MESA) is a proposed multi-turn energy recovery linac for particle physics experiments. It will be built at the institute for nuclear physics (KPH) at Mainz University. Because of the multi-turn energy recovery mode there are particular demands at the beam dynamics. We present the current status of the lattice development.

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MOPWA055

Study of Emittance Growth Caused by Space Charge and Lattice Induced Resonances

resonance, space-charge, emittance, synchrotron

245

K. Ohmi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Resonance strength and resonance width induced by space charge and lattice nonlinearity is discussed with integrals along a ring like the radiation integrals. Emittance growth is evaluated by model with the resonance width to understand the mechanism. The results are compared with fully PIC simulations.

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MOPWA059

Dynamic Aperture Studies for the FCC-ee

sextupole, collider, synchrotron, radiation

258

L.E. Medina Medrano
DCI-UG, León, Mexico
R. Martin, R. Tomás, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R. Martin
Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Funding: Work supported by the Beam Project (CONACYT, Mexico).
Dynamic aperture (DA) studies have been conducted on the latest Future Circular Collider - ee (FCC-ee) lattices as a function of momentum deviation. Two different schemes for the interaction region are used, which are connected to the main arcs: the crab waist approach, developed by BINP, and an update to the CERN design where the use of crab cavities is envisioned. The results presented show an improvement in the performance of both designs.

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MOPWA067

Theory of Transverse Ionization Cooling in a Linear Channel

emittance, quadrupole, scattering, collider

279

M. Xiao, J. Gao, Y. Yue
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Ionization cooling is the most hopeful method to reduce the emittance of muon beams, which plays an important role in neutrino factory and muon collider. Within the moment-equation approach, I present a way to derive the formulae of emittance in transverse under linear channel. All heating and coupling terms are reserved in the deriving process. From my formulae, it is a way to achieve a small emittance by designing the cooling channel compact to make the beta function changing sharply.

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MOPJE003

Measuring Duke Storage Ring Lattice Using Tune Based Technique

storage-ring, quadrupole, electron, wiggler

293

W. Li, J.Y. Li
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
H. Hao, W. Li, S.F. Mikhailov, V. Popov, Y.K. Wu
FEL/Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA

Funding: This work is supported in part by the US DOE grant no. DE-FG02-97ER41033.
The Duke electron storage ring is a dedicated driver for oscillator Free-Electron Lasers (FELs). A 34 m long straight section of the storage ring is used to host up to four FEL wigglers in several different configurations. A total of six wigglers, two planar OK-4 wigglers and four helical OK-5 wigglers, are available for FEL research. The storage ring magnetic lattice has to be designed with great flexibility to enable the storage ring operation with different FEL wigglers, at various wiggler settings, and for different electron beam energies. Since 2012, the storage ring has demonstrated all designed characteristics in terms of lattice flexibility and tuning. This work is aimed at gaining better understanding of the real storage ring lattice by performing a series of measurements of the beta-functions along the storage ring. Unlike the LOCO technique, the beta-functions in the quadrupoles are directly measured with good accuracy using a tune meassurement system. We will describe our experimental design and techniques, and measurement procedures. We will also report our preliminary results for the lattice characterization.

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MOPJE009

Lattice Design of the SSRF-U Storage Ring

emittance, storage-ring, dynamic-aperture, injection

304

S.Q. Tian, B.C. Jiang, M.Z. Zhang, Q.L. Zhang, Z.T. Zhao
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Multi-Bend Achromatic (MBA) cell has been well known to significantly reduce the beam emittance of the synchrotron radiation light sources in the past two decades. With the great development of the high gradient magnets, the small-aperture vacuum chamber and the precise alignment, the ultimate-emittance ring based on MBA lattice became practical in recent years. We present a preliminary lattice design for the upgraded SSRF storage ring based on a 7BA lattice in this paper. The circumference and the number of the straight sections are preserved for the existing tunnel. The beam energy is reduced to 3 GeV, and the beam emittance is reduced to about 200 pm.rad. The optimized dynamic aperture is about 10 mm in the horizontal plane, and a sufficient beam injection based on the closed orbit bump can be implemented.

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MOPJE016

Start-to-End Simulation for RAON Superconducting Linac

linac, ion, cryomodule, emittance

311

H. Jang, J.-H. Jang, H. Jin
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

An ion accelerator, RAON is going to be built in Daejeon, Korea by Rare Isotope Science Project(RISP) team in Institute of Basic Science(IBS). The linac part of RAON consists of two low energy linacs, one high energy linac and two bending section for transporting accelerated low energy ions to high energy linac. It is planned to accelerate many diverse ions like proton, carbon, calcium, uranium, etc. which have different A/q values. Consequently the lattice design for each ion and to investigate beam dynamics issues for each case are one of the important topics for this project. For enhancement of beam acceleration a study to suppress emittance growth and to maximize the longitudinal acceptance is conducted while designing the RAON lattice. In this presentation the designed linac lattices for various ions and start-to-end simulation results will be described.

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MOPJE029

A Linear Accelerator Simulation Framework

simulation, framework, ground-motion, collider

341

J. Snuverink
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
N. Fuster-Martínez
IFIC, Valencia, Spain
J. Pfingstner
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
J. Pfingstner
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Many good tracking tools are available for simulations for linear accelerators. However, several simple tasks need to be performed repeatedly, like lattice definitions, beam setup, output storage, etc. In addition, complex simulations can become unmanageable quite easily. A high level layer would therefore be beneficial. We propose LinSim, a linear accelerator framework with the codes PLACET and Guinea-Pig. It provides a documented well-debugged high level layer of functionality. Users only need to provide the input settings and essential code and/or use some of the many implemented imperfections and algorithms. It can be especially useful for first-time users. Currently the following accelerators are implemented: ATF2, ILC, CLIC and FACET. This paper discusses the framework design and shows its strength in some condensed examples.

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MOPJE032

A Steering Study for the ESS Normal Conducting Linac

DTL, linac, quadrupole, beam-losses

351

R. Miyamoto
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Construction of the European Spallation Source is rapidly progressing in Lund, Sweden, and preparations for commissioning of its proton linac has been underway for some time now. Accurate adjustment of accelerator components to achieve ideal beam parameters is the key to maximizing performance and safe operation for any machine. This paper presents a study of beam steering for the normal conducting part of the proton linac of ESS.

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MOPJE034

Low Emittance Tuning for the CLIC Damping Rings

emittance, quadrupole, sextupole, coupling

356

J. Alabau-Gonzalvo, F. Antoniou, Y. Papaphilippou
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A study on the sensitivity of the CLIC Damping Ring lattice to different sources of misalignment is presented. Dipole and quadrupole rolls, quadrupole and sextupole vertical offsets are considered, as well as the impact of a finite BPM resolution. The result of this study defines a low emittance tuning procedure and establishes alignment tolerances to preserve the vertical emittance below the design value (1 pm·rad). Non-linear dynamics studies including dynamic aperture and frequency maps are shown and synchrotron radiation effects are discussed.

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MOPJE039

Generalised Truncated Power Series Algebra for Fast Particle Accelerator Transport Maps

operation, optics, simulation

374

L. Deniau, C.I. Tomoiagă
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

New Generalised Truncated Power Series Algebra (TPSA) has been developed for extending, simplifying and optimising the transport maps used by particle accelerator simulation codes. TPSA are intensively used in optics code to describe transport maps of the elements constituting the particle accelerator to any order. Generalised TPSA extend the degrees to inhomogeneous ones, where separate degrees can be specified for each variables and constrained by two total orders, one for canonical variables and one for ordinary variables. This allows to track inhomogeneous planes of the 6D phase space with many extra variables. A complete set of new formulas and data structures have been derived to address the problem of memory consumption required for efficient computation of high order TPSA, including generalised indexing, multiplication and composition of inhomogeneous multivariate polynomials. The implementation has been benchmarked against well established libraries for the common subset with TPSA, and outperforms all of them for supported differential algebra operators on low and high orders, and high number of variables.

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MOPJE053

NSLS-II Beam Lifetime Measurements and Modeling

scattering, cavity, emittance, coupling

416

B. Podobedov, W.X. Cheng, Y. Hidaka, H.-C. Hseuh, G.M. Wang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

NSLS-II is a recently constructed 3 GeV synchrotron light source with design horizontal emittance values in sub-nm range. Achieving good beam lifetime is critically important for NSLS-II as it is closely tied in to such important operational aspects as top-off injection frequency, injector components wear, radiation protection and control, and others. In this paper we present lifetime-related commissioning results, describe our present understanding of beam lifetime at NSLS-II and extrapolate our models to the fully built-up machine operating at 500 mA design beam current.

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MOPJE066

Single and Multi-bunch End-to-end Tracking in the LHeC

linac, synchrotron, radiation, synchrotron-radiation

459

D. Pellegrini, A. Latina, D. Schulte
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
S.A. Bogacz
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

The LHeC study aims at delivering an electron beam for collision with the LHC proton beam. The current baseline design consists of a multi-pass superconductive energy-recovery linac operating in a continuous wave mode. The high current beam (~100 mA) in the linacs excites long-range wake-fields between bunches of different turns, which induce instabilities and might cause beam losses. PLACET2, a novel version of the tracking code PLACET, capable to handle recirculation and time dependencies, has been employed to perform the first LHeC end-to-end tracking. The impact of long-range wake-fields, synchrotron radiation, and beam-beam effects has been assessed. The simulation results and recent improvements in the lattice design are presented and discussed in this paper.

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MOPJE068

PLACET2: A Novel Code for Beam Dynamics in Recirculating Machines

linac, dipole, simulation, operation

465

D. Pellegrini, A. Latina, D. Schulte
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Efforts have been taken to enable the simulation of recirculating machines in PLACET. The new version, PLACET2, allows handling multiple interconnected beamlines in order to obtain a realistic model of a machine. Two new elements, injectors and dumps, have been introduced and are active components of any working machine. Trains of bunches are routed through beamlines and tracked simultaneously in a parallel manner. Tracking through time-dependent elements is possible, and care is made to preserve the correct time-structure of the beam in case of beam recombination. This allows straightforward computations of multi-bunch effects arising with high-charge and shortly spaced bunch trains, even with variable train structure. The main features of the code are presented together with its working principles and its key ideas. Two case studies are introduced: LHeC and the CTF3 combiner ring.

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MOPJE079

Tracking Studies in the LHeC Lattice

resonance, proton, dynamic-aperture, electron

502

E. Cruz Alaniz, D. Newton
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
E. Cruz Alaniz, D. Newton
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
R. Tomás
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 289485
The Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) is a proposed upgrade of the LHC to provide electron-proton collisions and explore a new regime of energy and luminosity for nucleon-lepton scattering. A nominal design has previously been presented, featuring a lattice and optical configuration to focus one of the proton beams of the LHC (reaching a value of β^*=10 cm) and to collide it head-on with an electron beam to produce collisions with the desired luminosity of L=10³³ cm^-2 s^-1. The proton beam optics is achieved with the aid of a new inner triplet of quadrupoles at L*=10 m from the interaction point and the extension of the Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) Scheme used for the High Luminosity-LHC project. The flexibility of this design has been studied in terms of minimising β^* and increasing L*. In this work, particle tracking is performed in a thin lens approximation of the LHeC proton lattice to compute the dynamic aperture and perform frequency map analysis for different types of chromatic correction schemes, in order to find the one who will provide the most beam stability and to study the effects of non linearities.

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MOPMA002

Optimising the Diamond DDBA Upgrade Lattice for Low Alpha Operation

optics, storage-ring, injection, dynamic-aperture

525

I.P.S. Martin, R. Bartolini
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
R. Bartolini
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

The Diamond storage ring will be upgraded during 2016 by replacing one of the existing double bend achromat (DBA) cells with a double-DBA (DDBA) cell*. One requirement of the upgrade is that following the installation of the new cell, Diamond should continue to offer dedicated user time in ‘low alpha’ mode**. In this paper we describe the particular challenges relating to this task, and present the lattice design and optimisation studies undertaken so far. The paper concludes by discussing preliminary studies of adding a second DDBA cell into the storage ring.
* R.P. Walker et al., Proc. IPAC 2014, MOPRO103, (2014)
** I.P.S. Martin et al., Proc. IPAC 2013, MOPEA070, (2013)

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MOPMA004

Numerical Optimization of Accelerators within oPAC

network, simulation, controls, quadrupole

533

C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 289485.
Powerful simulation tools are required for every accelerator and light source to study the motion of charged particles through electromagnetic fields during the accelerator design process, to optimize the performance of machine diagnostics and to assess beam stability and non-linear effects. The Optimization of Particle Accelerators (oPAC) Project is funded by the EU within the 7th Framework Programme and currently supports 23 Fellows that are based at institutions across Europe. This large network carries out R&D that closely links beam physics studies with the development of diagnostics and beyond state-of-the-art simulation tools. This contribution presents selected research outcomes from oPAC, including the numerical optimization of beam loss monitor locations along the European Spallation Source’s 5 MW proton linac, results from tracking studies for the LHeC lattice that allow beam stability to be assessed, and multi-objective optimization of the linear and non-linear beam dynamics of the synchrotron SOLEIL. In addition, an overview of recent and future oPAC events is also given.

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MOPMA009

Improvements in Modeling of Collective Effects in ELEGANT

simulation, cavity, collective-effects, impedance

549

M. Borland, R.R. Lindberg, A. Xiao
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
ELEGANT has long had the ability to model collective effects in various ways, including beam-driven cavity modes, short-range wakes, and coherent synchrotron radiation. Recently, we made improvements specifically targeting simulations that require multiple bunches in storage rings. The ability to simulate long-range, non-resonant wakes was added, which can be used for example to study the effect of the resistive wall wake and multibunch instabilities. We also improved the implementation of short-range and resonant wakes to make them more efficient for multibunch simulations. Finally, improvements in the parallel efficiency were made that allow taking advantage of larger parallel resources.

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MOPMA010

Commissioning Simulations for the APS Upgrade Lattice

simulation, coupling, quadrupole, closed-orbit

553

V. Sajaev, M. Borland
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
A hybrid seven-bend-achromat lattice has been proposed for the APS upgrade that will feature very strong focusing elements and relatively small vacuum chamber. Achieving design lattice parameters during commissioning will need to be accomplished in a short period of time to minimize dark time for APS users. We describe here start-to-end simulation of the machine commissioning beginning from first-turn trajectory correction, performing orbit and lattice correction, and finally evaluating nonlinear performance of the corrected lattice in terms of dynamic aperture and lifetime.

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MOPMA012

Intra-Beam and Touschek Scattering Computations for Beam with Non-Gaussian Longitudinal Distributions

scattering, emittance, distributed, simulation

559

A. Xiao, M. Borland
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357
Both intra-beam scattering (IBS) and the Touschek effect become prominent for multi-bend-achromat- (MBA-) based ultra-low-emittance storage rings. To mitigate the transverse emittance degradation and obtain a reasonably long beam lifetime, a higher harmonic rf cavity (HHC) is often proposed to lengthen the bunch. The use of such a cavity results in a non-gaussian longitudinal distribution. However, common methods for computing IBS and Touschek scattering assume Gaussian distributions. Modifications have been made to several simulation codes that are part of the {\tt elegant} toolkit to allow these computations for arbitrary longitudinal distributions. After describing these modifications, we review the results of detailed simulations for the proposed hybrid seven-bend-achromat (H7BA) upgrade lattice for the Advanced Photon Source.

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MOPMA015

Applications of an MPI Enhanced Simulated Annealing Algorithm on nuSTORM and 6D Muon Cooling

sextupole, storage-ring, simulation, emittance

568

A. Liu
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The nuSTORM decay ring is a compact racetrack storage ring with a circumference ∼ 480 m using large aperture (∅=60 cm) magnets. The design goal of the ring is to achieve a momentum acceptance of 3.8±10\% GeV/c and a phase space acceptance of 2000 μm·rad. The design has many challenges because the acceptance will be affected by many nonlinearity terms with large particle emittance and/or large momentum offset. In this paper, we present the application of a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm to the sextupole correction in the ring. The algorithm is capable of finding a balanced compromise among corrections of the nonlinearity terms, and finding the largest acceptance. This technique can be applied to the design of similar storage rings that store beams with wide transverse phase space and momentum spectra. We also present the recent study on the application of this algorithm to a part of the 6D muon cooling channel. The technique and the cooling concept will be applied to design a cooling channel for the extracted muon beam at nuSTORM in the future study.

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MOPMA017

Numerical simulations of transverse modes in Gaussian bunches with space charge

space-charge, damping, simulation, synchrotron

575

A. Macridin, J.F. Amundson, E.G. Stern
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The transverse modes and the intrinsic Landau damping in Gaussian bunched beams with space charge are numerically investigated. The evolution of the phase space density is calculated with the Synergia accelerator modeling package and analyzed with Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) method. DMD is a relatively new technique used to calculate mode dynamics in both linear and nonlinear systems. The properties of the first three space charge modes, including their shape, damping rates and tune shifts are calculated over the entire range of the space charge interaction.

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MOPMA020

Measurement and Correction of the Fermilab Booster Optics with LOCO

booster, optics, quadrupole, dipole

586

C.-Y. Tan, V.A. Lebedev, A.K. Triplett
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M. McAteer
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The optics of the original Booster lacked the ability for full optics correction and it was not until 2009 when new optics corrector packages were installed between gradient magnets that this ability became available. The optics correction method that is chosen is called LOCO (Linear Optics from Closed Orbits) that measures the orbit response from every beam position monitor (BPM) in the ring from every kick of every dipole corrector. The large data set collected allows LOCO to not only calculate the quadrupole and skew quadrupole currents that both reduces beta beatings and corrects coupling, it also finds the dipole kicker strengths, BPM calibrations and their tilts by minimizing the difference between the measured and ideal orbit response of the beam. The corrected optics have been loaded into Booster and it is currently being tested to be eventually used in normal operations.

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MOPMA025

CSR Induced Microbunching Gain Estimation including Transient Effects in Transport and Recirculation Arcs

impedance, dipole, simulation, damping

596

C.-Y. Tsai
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
D. Douglas, R. Li, C. Tennant
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
The coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) of a high brightness electron beam traversing a series of dipoles, such as transport or recirculation arcs, may result in the microbunching instability (μBI). To accurately quantify the direct consequence of this effect, we further extend our previously developed semi-analytical simulation [C. -Y. Tsai et al., FEL Conference 2014 (THP022)] to include more relevant coherent radiation models than the steady-state free-space CSR impedance, such as the entrance and exit transient effects, which derive from upstream beam entering to and exiting from individual dipoles and propagating across the elements to downstream straight sections. Then we semi-analytically solve the linearized Vlasov equation for the amplification factor. The resultant gain functions and spectra for our example lattices are presented and compared with particle tracking simulation. Some underlying physics with inclusion of these effects are also discussed.

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MOPMA028

Chromaticity and Dispersion in Nonlinear Integrable Optics

optics, dynamic-aperture, focusing, octupole

608

S.D. Webb, D.L. Bruhwiler
RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
V.V. Danilov
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
S. Nagaitsev, A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work sup- ported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Sci- ence, Office of High Energy Physics under Award Num- ber DE-SC0011340.
Proton accumulator rings and other circular hadron accelerators are susceptible to intensity- driven parametric instabilities because the zero-current charged particle dynamics are characterized by a single tune. Landau damping can suppress these instabilities, which requires energy spread in the beam or introducing nonlinear magnets such as octupoles. However, this approach reduces dynamic aperture. Nonlinear integrable optics can suppress parametric instabilities independent of energy spread in the distribution, while preserving the dynamic aperture. This novel approach promises to reduce particle losses and enable order-of-magnitude increases in beam intensity. In this paper we present results, obtained using the Lie operator formalism, on how chromaticity and dispersion affect particle orbits in integrable optics. We conclude that chromaticity in general breaks the integrability, unless the vertical and horizontal chromaticities are equal. Because of this, the chromaticity correcting magnets can be weaker and fewer correcting magnet families are required, thus minimizing the impact on dynamic aperture.

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MOPMA029

Experiences Simulating Nonlinear Integrable Optics

simulation, optics, diagnostics, emittance

611

S.D. Webb, D.L. Bruhwiler
RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
V.V. Danilov
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
R.A. Kishek
UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
S. Nagaitsev, A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Award Number DE-SC0011340.
With increasing interest in the nonlinear integrable optics, it is important that early experiences with simulating the lattices be shared to save time and point out potential difficulties in the simulations. We present here some details of simulating the nonlinear integrable lattices. We discuss correctly implementing and testing the elliptic element kicks, and the limits of the thin lens approximation. We also discuss generating a properly matched bunch in the transverse phase space, and how to analyze the resulting computational data from simulations.

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MOPMA035

Current Status of the GPU-accelerated ELEGANT

GPU, simulation, acceleration, collective-effects

623

I.V. Pogorelov, J.R. King
Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
K.M. Amyx
Sierra Nevada Corporation, Centennial, USA
M. Borland, R. Soliday
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the DOE Office of Science, Office of BES grant No. DE-SC0004585, and by Tech-X Corporation. This research used resources of the OLCF, supported under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
Efficient implementation of general-purpose particle tracking on GPUs can bring significant performance benefits to large-scale tracking simulations and direct (tracking-based) accelerator optimization techniques. This presentation is an update on the current status of our work on accelerating Argonne National Lab’s particle accelerator simulation code ELEGANT [*] using CUDA-enabled GPU. We summarize the performance of beamline elements ported to GPU, and discuss optimization techniques for some important collective effects kernels. We also outline briefly our testing and code validation infrastructure within ELEGANT and present the latest results of scaling studies with realistic lattices of the GPU-accelerated version of the code.
* M. Borland, ‘‘elegant: A Flexible SDDS-compliant Code for Accelerator Simulation", APS LS-287, September 2000

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MOPMA046

Simulations and experiments in Support of Octupole Lattice Studies at the University of Maryland Electron Ring

octupole, space-charge, electron, quadrupole

653

K.J. Ruisard, B. Beaudoin, I. Haber, T.W. Koeth
UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA

Funding: This material is based on work supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and the NSF Accelerator Science Program
We present plans for a nonlinear lattice at the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER). Theory predicts that a strong nonlinear lattice can limit resonant behavior without reducing dynamic aperture if the nonlinear fields preserve integrability or quasi-integrability. We discuss plans for a quasi-integrable octupole lattice, based on the work of Danilov and Nagaitsev.* We use Elegant and the WARP PIC code to estimate the octupole-induced tune spread. We discuss improvements to the ring in support of octupole lattice experiments, including generation and detection of emittance-dominated, negligible space charge beams.
* V. Danilov, S. Nagaitsev, Phys. Rev. STAB 13, 084002 (2010).

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MOPMA053

Characterizing Betatron Tune Knobs on Duke Storage Ring

wiggler, storage-ring, operation, betatron

672

H. Hao, S.F. Mikhailov, V. Popov, Y.K. Wu
FEL/Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
J.Y. Li
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China

Funding: This work is supported in part by the US DOE grant no. DE-FG02-97ER41033.
The Duke electron storage ring is a dedicated driver for oscillator Free-Electron Lasers (FELs). A 34-m long straight section of the storage ring can host up to four FEL wigglers in several different configurations. The storage ring magnetic lattice has designed with great flexibility to enable the operation with different wiggler configurations and at different electron beam energies. To realize smooth storage ring operation with various electron beam and wiggler parameters, a sophisticated lattice feedforward compensation scheme and a set of betatron tune knobs have been designed, developed and implemented in the controls system. The built-in compensation and tune knobs have demonstrated to be highly useful to allow transparent operation of the storage ring. To fully understand the effectiveness of the lattice tuning scheme, experiments have been carried to characterize the betatron tune knobs. In this paper, we will outline the measurement techniques and procedures, report experimental results, and make important observations on the usefulness of developing an advanced light source storage ring using accurate knowledge of individual magnets with high-quality measured fields.

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MOPMA060

Impedance Measurement for the SPEAR3 Storage Ring

impedance, storage-ring, vacuum, damping

694

X. Huang, J.J. Sebek
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

We studied the transverse impedance of the SPEAR3 storage ring with tune shift vs. beam intensity, head-tail instability and transverse mode coupling instability measurements. By taking measurements under different machine conditions, we probed the frequency dependence of the impedance, from which an impedance model was built. This model is consistent with instability measurements and previous bunch lengthening results.

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MOPMN001

Linear Optics and Coupling Correction with Turn-by-turn BPM Data

quadrupole, optics, target, coupling

698

X. Huang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
X. Yang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

We propose a method to measure and correct storage ring linear optics and coupling with turn-by-turn BPM data. The independent component analysis (ICA) is used to obtain the amplitudes and phase advances of the betatron normal modes, which are compared to their counterparts derived from the lattice model. By fitting the model to the data with quadrupole and skew quadrupole variables, the linear optics and coupling of the machine can be obtained. Simulation demonstrates that errors in the lattice and BPM parameters can be recovered with this method. Experiments on the NSLS-II storage ring show that it can find the same optics as the linear optics from closed orbit (LOCO) method.

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MOPMN003

Dynamic Aperture Studies for the LHC High Luminosity Lattice

injection, luminosity, optics, quadrupole

705

M. Giovannozzi, R. De Maria, E. McIntosh
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Y. Cai, Y. Nosochkov, M.-H. Wang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the US LHC Accelerator Research Program and the DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. Research supported by FP7 HiLumi LHC, Grant Agreement 284404, http://hilumilhc.web.cern.ch.
Since quite some time, dynamic aperture studies have been undertaken with the aim of specifying the required field quality of the new magnets that will be installed in the LHC ring in the framework of the high-luminosity upgrade. In this paper the latest results concerning the specification work will be presented, taking into account both injection and collision energies and the field quality contribution from all the magnets in the newly designed interaction regions.

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MOPMN016

Decoherence due to Second Order Chromaticity in the NSLS-II Storage Ring

betatron, synchrotron, storage-ring, damping

737

G. Bassi, A. Blednykh, J. Choi, V.V. Smaluk
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

We study decoherence effects due to second order chromaticity for small amplitude kicks, in order to estimate the energy spread from TbT data of the NSLS-II storage ring. The bare lattice case (no Damping Wigglers and Insertion devices) has been considered, due to the long transverse radiation damping time. To minimize the chromatic damping/antidamping from the slow-head tail effect, we used a short train of bunches distributed over consecutive rf-buckets with a high enough average current to obtain a good BPM signal. The vertical and horizontal betatron motion have been excited independently with pinger magnets. In this contribution we limit the discussion to the horizontal case.

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MOPMN018

A Generic Formulation for Emittance and Lattice Function Evolution for Non-Hamiltonian Systems with Stochastic Effects

emittance, radiation, synchrotron, scattering

740

J.S. Berg
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
I describe a generic formulation for the evolution of emittances and lattice functions under arbitrary, possibly non-Hamiltonian, linear equations of motion. The average effect of stochastic processes, which would include ionization interactions and synchrotron radiation, is also included. I first compute the evolution of the covariance matrix, then the evolution of emittances and lattice functions from that. I examine the particular case of a cylindrically symmetric system, which is of particular interest for ionization cooling.

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MOPMN024

Study of NSLS-II Dynamic Aperture Tolerances with Respect to Field and Orbit Errors

dynamic-aperture, sextupole, quadrupole, alignment

751

J. Choi, T.V. Shaftan, G.M. Wang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: DOE contract No: DE-AC02- 98CH10886
As the emittance of synchrotron light sources moves towards diffraction limit, magnet tolerances for reaching dynamic aperture for high injection efficiency and long lifetime become more stringent. Once nonlinear families are designed and the machine is built a machine operator may ask to which accuracy the linear optics and orbit should be corrected so to achieve reasonable dynamic aperture. We also studied the relations of the non-linear elements and beta-beat to the dynamic apertures by simulating NSLS-II storage ring lattice and the paper shows the results.

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MOPMN027

Optimization of Dynamic Aperture for Hadron Lattices in eRHIC

sextupole, hadron, storage-ring, collider

757

Y.C. Jing, V. Litvinenko, D. Trbojevic
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The potential upgrade of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to an electron ion collider (eRHIC) involves numerous extensive changes to the existing collider complex. The expected very high luminosity is planned to be achieved at eRHIC with the help of squeezing the beta function of the hadron ring at the IP to a few cm, causing a large rise of the natural chromaticities and thus bringing with it challenges for the beam long term stability (Dynamic aperture). We present our effort to expand the DA by carefully tuning the nonlinear magnets thus controlling the size of the footprints in tune space and all lower order resonance driving terms. We show a reasonably large DA through particle tracking over millions of turns of beam revolution.

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MOPMN029

Spin Resonance Strength Calculation Through Single Particle Tracking for Rhic

resonance, betatron, proton, emittance

763

Y. Luo, Y. Dutheil, H. Huang, F. Méot, V.H. Ranjbar
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The strengths of spin resonances for the polarized-proton operation in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider are currently calculated with code DEPOL, which numerically integrate through the whole ring based on analytical approximate formula. In this article, we calculate the spin resonance strength by performing Fourier transformation to the actual transverse magnetic field seen by a single particle travelling through the ring. Comparison is made between the results from this method and DEPOL and other approaches.

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MOPHA014

Magnetic Field Parametrization for Efficient Spin Tracking with POLE

resonance, closed-orbit, quadrupole, simulation

808

J.F. Schmidt, W. Hillert
ELSA, Bonn, Germany

Funding: BMBF
The new spin dynamics simulation suite pole is designed to perform systematic studies of beam depolarization in circular accelerators with short storage times or fast energy ramps. It is based on spin tracking using a Runge-Kutta algorithm with adaptive step width. pole can approximate the magnetic fields of the accelerator with a Fourier series to reduce computing time. Therefore, the magnetic field distribution is simplified with frequency filters by a C++ library before the spin tracking. The versatile library deals with import and export of lattices and particle trajectories from MAD-X and Elegant. The derived magnetic field distributions can be interpolated, Fourier transformed and accessed easily by applications. This contribution discusses advantages and disadvantages of the frquency filtering concept.

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MOPWI020

Development of Simple Tracking Libraries for ALS-U

Windows, simulation, framework, dynamic-aperture

1192

H. Nishimura, D. Robin, K. Song, C. Steier, C. Sun, W. Wan
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231
The conceptual lattice design study of a new diffraction-limited light source has become much more computer intensive than that for the 3rd-generation rings. We are in a process of upgrading our existing accelerator modeling and simulation libraries, Goemon* in C++ and a new version Tracy#**, to fulfil such new demand. The C++ version has been actively used on the ALS HPC cluster for multi-objective optimization (MOGA) to optimize the ALS lattice***, and recently for ALS-U****. This time, based on the current version in C#, we extracted its subset and ported it to C and C++. The routines are made thread-safe to enable OpenMP locally, and CPU-time profiling was extensively used to remove redundancies. The new refitting method of quad settings brought smooth switching from 5-dim to 6-dim. The data structure itself is simplified for the use on GPU that is based on our previous effort of tracking particles in GPU*****. Tracy# itself is also upgraded to cooperate with these C/C++ versions. Their use from Python will be also mentioned.
* H. Nishimura, PAC01, 3066-3068.
** H. Nishimura, ICAP09.
*** C. Sun, et. al.,PAC11, 793-795.
**** H. Tarawneh, et. al.,J.Phys.493 012020, 2014.
***** H. Nishimura, et. al.,PAC11, 1764-1766.

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MOPWI024

Accelerator Online Simulation Platform

database, simulation, software, space-charge

1204

C.P. Chu, Y. Zhang
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University.
A platform for accelerator online beam simulation has been established for Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). This modeling platform supports multiple simulation codes for different sections of the complex machine which cannot be properly modeled with a single online simulation tool. Model data for the platform is stored in a relational database which is designed to accommodate most simulation data. The stored data is accessible with physics intuitive data API (Application Programming Interface). Presently, the platform is supporting Open XAL, MAD-X and IMPACT simulation codes. In addition to the model data storage and access, tools such as data comparison and simple graphing capability are also included in the platform.

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MOPWI026

Transverse Matching of Horizontal-Vertical Coupled Beams for the FRIB Linac

linac, quadrupole, simulation, solenoid

1211

Y. Zhang, P. Chu, Z.Q. He, S.M. Lund, D.G. Maxwell
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
FRIB driver linac will deliver all heavy ion beams up to uranium with energy above 200 MeV/u, and maximum beam power on target 400 kW for nuclear physics research. Strong horizontal-vertical beam coupling exists in the FRIB linac since superconducting solenoids are applied to focus multi charge state beams. Further, the FRIB low beta SRF cavities have raised quadrupole field components. The combined effects make beam transverse matching challenging. In this paper, we study transverse matching of horizontal-vertical coupled beams based on beam profile measurements with multiple wire scanners. There are multiple solutions for the initial linac beams with coupling, and errors of the beam diagnostics and magnet power supplies introduce further complication. Nonetheless, simulation studies show that satisfactory transverse matching can be achieved with proper linac beam tuning.

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MOPWI029

Electron Bombardment of ZnTe EO Bunch Charge Detector for Signal Lifetime Studies in Radiation Environment

electron, detector, laser, radiation

1220

J.E. Williams, S. Biedron, S.V. Milton
CSU, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
S.V. Benson, S. Zhang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Electro-optic detection of bunch charge distribution utilizing the nonlinear Pockel's and Kerr effect of materials has been implemented at various facilities as a method of passive detection for beam preservation throughout characterization. Most commonly, the inorganic II-VI material ZnTe is employed due to it's strong Pockel's EO effect and relatively high temporal resolution (~90 fs). Despite early exploration of radiation damage on ZnTe in exploration of semi-conductor materials in the 1970's, full characterization of EO response over radiation lifetime has yet to be performed. The following poster presents a method for ZnTe crystal characterization studies throughout radiation exposure at various energies and dosages by analyzing the changes in index of refraction including bulk uniformity, and THz signal response changes.

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MOPWI030

Low Emittance Tuning With a Witness Bunch

betatron, emittance, storage-ring, coupling

1223

D. L. Rubin, R.E. Meller, J.P. Shanks
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by NSF PHY-1416318, PHY-0734867 and PHY-1002467, and DOE DE-FC02-08ER- 41538 and DE-SC0006505
Electron positron damping rings and colliders will require frequent tuning to maintain ultra-low vertical emittance. Emittance tuning begins with precision beam based measurement of lattice errors (orbit, transverse coupling, and dispersion) followed by compensation with corrector magnets. Traditional techniques for measuring lattice errors are incompatible with simultaneous operation of the storage ring as light source or damping ring. Dedicated machine time is required. The gated tune tracker (the device that drives the beam at the normal mode frequencies) and the bunch-by-bunch, turn-by-turn beam position monitor system developed at CESR are integrated to allow synchronous detection of phase. The system is capable of measuring lattice errors during routine operation. A single bunch at the end of a train of arbitrary length, is designated as the witness. The witness bunch alone is resonantly excited, and the phase and amplitude of the witness is mea- sured at each of the 100 beam position monitors. Lattice errors are extracted from the measurements. Corrections are then applied. The emittance of all of the bunches in the train is measured and the effectiveness of the correction procedure demonstrated.

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TUAB2

First Collective Effects Measurements in NSLS-II with ID's

impedance, vacuum, quadrupole, storage-ring

1332

A. Blednykh, B. Bacha, G. Bassi, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, Y. Hidaka, Y. Li, B. Podobedov, T.V. Shaftan, V. Smalyuk, T. Tanabe, G.M. Wang, F.J. Willeke, L.-H. Yu
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by DOE contract DE-AC02-98CH10886.
As another important milestone towards the final goal to store an average current of 500mA, the average current of 200mA, distributed within ~1000 bunches, was recently achieved in the NSLS-II storage ring after the installation of three Damping Wigglers and four In-Vacuum Undulators. First measurements of the collective effects and instability thresholds, both in single- and multi-bunch mode, are discussed.

Slides TUAB2 [2.691 MB]

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TUAC3

Optimization of Beam Loss Monitor Network for Fault Modes

cavity, detector, network, simulation

1356

Z. Liu, Z.Q. He, S.M. Lidia, D. Liu, Q. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) System is an essential part to protect accelerator from machine faults. Compared with the empirical or uniform BLM arrangement in most accelerators, our new optimization approach proposes a “minimum spatial distribution” for BLM network. In this distribution, BLMs shall be placed at a small set of “critical positions” that can detect all failure / FPS trigger-able events of each fault mode. In additional, to implement a more advanced function of fault diagnosis, BLM should also be placed at “discrimination points” for fault-induced loss pattern recognition. With examples of FRIB failure event simulations, the author demonstrates the proof of concept to locate these “critical positions” and “discrimination points” for the minimum spatial distribution of BLMs.

Slides TUAC3 [2.341 MB]

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TUPWA001

Measurement of the Incoherent Depth of Field Effect on Horizontal Beam Size Using a Synchrotron Light Interferometer

electron, photon, synchrotron, storage-ring

1391

M.J. Boland
SLSA, Clayton, Australia
W.J. Corbett
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
T.M. Mitsuhashi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The electron beam size as measured using synchrotron light in a circular accelerator is influenced by the incoherent depth of field effect. This effect comes about due to the instantaneous opening angle of the emitted synchrotron radiation (SR) and the acceptance angle of the SR light monitor beamline. Measurements were made using a visible light interferometer at the visible light beamlines in three circular accelerators at ATF, SPEAR3 and AS. The first order spatial coherence of the beam was measured and from that the horizontal beam size was calculated. The data is compared with a theory of synchrotron radiation with and without the horizontal incoherent field depth effect.

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TUPWA002

Layout Options for the AXXS Injector and XFEL

linac, storage-ring, FEL, dipole

1394

M.J. Boland, Y.E. Tan, D. Zhu
SLSA, Clayton, Australia

A new injector is being planned for the Australian Synchrotron that is designed to feed both an upgraded storage ring and an XFEL. The desire to fit the AXXS project on the same site as the existing light source presents several layout difficulties. Several options are studied and simulations are performed to check the impact each choice has on the beam performance.

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TUPWA013

Linear and Nonlinear Optimizations for the ESRF Upgrade Lattice

sextupole, injection, dynamic-aperture, optics

1422

N. Carmignani, L. Farvacque, S.M. Liuzzo, B. Nash, T.P. Perron, P. Raimondi, R. Versteegen, S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France

The ESRF storage ring will be replaced in 2020 by a new hybrid multi bend achromat lattice with 134 pmrad equilibrium horizontal emittance. To determine the best working point, large scans of tunes and chromaticities have been performed, computing Touschek lifetime and dynamic aperture. From different working points, the multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-II has been used to optimize the nonlinear magnets values and some linear optics parameters. The analysis have been carried out on lattices with errors and corrections. The optimizations have produced lattices with longer lifetime and larger dynamic aperture for different working points with positive chromaticities.

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TUPWA014

Influence of errors on the ESRF Upgrade Lattice

survey, multipole, dynamic-aperture, alignment

1426

S.M. Liuzzo, J.C. Biasci, N. Carmignani, L. Farvacque, G. Gatta, G. Le Bec, D. Martin, B. Nash, T.P. Perron, P. Raimondi, R. Versteegen, S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France

To determine the tolerable alignment and magnetic errors for the ESRF upgrade, we study their influence on Touschek lifetime and dynamic aperture. The correction of each set of errors studied is performed with a commissioning-like procedure, from the search for a closed orbit to the correction of resonance driving terms. Each kind of error is studied independently for each relevant family of magnets. The tolerable values deduced from the analysis are within the practical limits. The impact of the measured and simulated survey errors is also considered, defining the position of the currently installed lattice as the one of least impact for the realignment of X-ray beamlines.

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TUPWA017

Collimation scheme for the ESRF Upgrade

radiation, collimation, shielding, beam-losses

1434

R. Versteegen, P. Berkvens, N. Carmignani, L. Farvacque, S.M. Liuzzo, B. Nash, T.P. Perron, P. Raimondi, S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France

The ultra low emittance foreseen for the ESRF Upgrade will translate into a limited Touschek lifetime, increasing substantially the loss rate around the ring compared to the present machine. Consequently it becomes crucial to know the distribution of electron beam losses to optimize the radiation shielding and to protect the insertion devices from radiation damage. Such loss maps of the storage ring can be produced thanks to the simulation of the Touschek scattering process along the lattice. It is shown that about 80 % of the beam losses can be collimated in a few chosen locations only, keeping the resulting lifetime reduction smaller than 10 %.

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TUPWA034

Status of the Recommissioning of the Synchrotron Light Source PETRA III

emittance, synchrotron, operation, optics

1485

R. Wanzenberg, M. Bieler, M. Ebert, L. Fröhlich, J. Keil, J. Klute, G. Kube, G.K. Sahoo
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

At DESY the Synchrotron Light Source PETRA III has been extended in the North and East section of the storage ring to accommodate ten additional beam lines. The PETRA ring was converted into a dedicated synchrotron light source from 2007 to 2009. Regular user operation started in summer 2010 with a very low emittance of 1 nm at a beam energy of 6 GeV and a total beam current of 100 mA. All photon beamlines were installed in one octant of the storage ring. Nine straight sections facilitated the installation of insertion devices for 14 beam lines. Due to the high demand for additional beamlines the lattice of the ring was redesigned to accommodate 10 additional beamlines in the future. In a one year long shut-down two new experimental halls were built. The recommissioning of PETRA III started in February 2015. We are reporting the current status of synchrotron light source including the performance of the subsystems.

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TUPWA052

Elettra 2.0 - The Next Machine

dipole, quadrupole, emittance, dynamic-aperture

1532

E. Karantzoulis
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy

A next generation light source (ULS) to replace Elettra, the third generation Italian light source, is presented and discussed

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TUPWA060

Design of Diffraction Limited Light Source Ring with Multi-bend Lattice on a Torus-knot

emittance, quadrupole, dynamic-aperture, alignment

1560

A. Miyamoto, S. Sasaki
HSRC, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan

We proposed a torus knot type synchrotron radiation ring in that the beam orbit does not close in one turn but closes after multiple turns around the ring. Currently, we are designing a new ring based on the shape of a (11, 3) torus knot for our future plan ‘HiSOR-II.’ This ring is mid-low energy light source ring with beam energy of 700 MeV. Recently some light source rings are achieving very low emittance that reaches a diffraction limited light by adopting a multi-bend scheme to the arc section of the ring. It is not difficult for low-mid energy VUV-SX light source ring because the electron beam less than 10 nmrad can provide the diffraction limited light in the energy less than 10eV. On the other hand, the multi-bend lattice demands many families of the magnets and spaces to place them, therefore it is difficult to achieve diffraction limited emittance for compact SR ring. However, for the torus-knot type accumulation ring, it is not difficult to realize such a low emittance. We present the details of the designing procedure and the specifications of the ultra-low emittance light source ring having innovatively odd shape.

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TUPJE013

Lattice Design of Low Beta Function at Interaction Point for TTX-II

electron, quadrupole, dynamic-aperture, scattering

1641

T. Rui, W.-H. Huang
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China

TTX-II is a storage ring being designed at Accelerator Laboratory in Tsinghua University as the second phase of Tsinghua Thomson scattering x-ray source (TTX), to increase the average photon flux generated. To achieve a small beta function at the interaction point, four pairs of quadrupole magnets, whose focusing strengths are optimized, are added to the baseline. The lattice design is presented in this work.

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TUPJE035

Optimization of Turn-by-Turn Measurements at Soleil and Alba Light Sources

quadrupole, betatron, synchrotron, storage-ring

1686

M. Carlà, G. Benedetti, Z. Martí
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
L.S. Nadolski
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Turn-by-turn measurements paves the way for fast storage ring diagnostics. On the other hand turn-by-turn technique is by its very nature delicate, requiring an extensive system tuning and understanding. During last year several attempts to recover linear model informations from turn-by-turn measurements has been carried out in cooperation between the synchrotrons of SOLEIL and ALBA. A routine to extract phase advance and betatron amplitude from turn-by-turn measurements in presence of damping has been developed. Moreover a procedure to retrieve quadrupole errors from such observables has been developed tested and verified against the traditional diagnostics tools based on closed orbit measurements. A comparison between the different methods and the performance of the two different experimental setups are reported.

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TUPJE038

Impact of Insertion Devices on the MAX IV Storage Rings

storage-ring, optics, quadrupole, octupole

1696

S.C. Leemann, H. Tarawneh
MAX-lab, Lund, Sweden

There will be multiple compensations employed for insertion devices in the MAX IV storage rings. Apart from well-known dipole corrections and previously detailed local and global linear optics matching, certain insertion devices in the MAX IV storage rings will also require nonlinear optics adjustments and/or skew quadrupole corrections. The goal of such corrections is ensuring sufficient dynamic aperture as well as low residual emittance coupling. This paper will present a few studies that rely on tracking through kick maps in order to quantify detrimental effects of insertion devices on dynamic aperture and vertical emittance, develop suitable countermeasures, and finally, verify restored storage ring performance.

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TUPJE045

Round Beam Operation in Electron Storage Rings and generalisation of Mobius accelerator

quadrupole, emittance, insertion, injection

1716

M. Aiba, M.P. Ehrlichman, A. Streun
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

A better performing photon beam can be obtained from light sources when the eletron beam is formed into a "round beam" rather than a flat beam. It is realised by equally distributing the natural emittance into the horizontal and vertical planes. There are a few approaches for the emittance distribution, and we explored the so-called Mobius accelerator scheme, where a transverse (horizontal-vertical) emittance exchange results at each turn of beam revolution. The original proposal of Mobius accelerator was based on a set of five succesive skew quadruples, requiring a dedicated long straight section. We generalise the Mobius accelerator section to find more convenient configurations. Applications to a light source storage ring lattice and some tracking results are also presented.

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TUPJE046

Investigation of the Injection Scheme for SLS 2.0

injection, kicker, multipole, booster

1720

Á. Saá Hernández, M. Aiba
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

SLS2, an upgrade of the Swiss Light Source (SLS), aiming at a natural horizontal emittance in the range of 100 pm is planned and under study. This will be achieved by replacing the current magnet lattice of the electron storage ring by a new multibend achromat magnet lattice, while reusing the injector chain and most of the existing infrastructures. The new low emittance ring will impose more restrictive constraints on injection due to a smaller machine aperture and a very compact lattice, dominated by non-linearities. We performed a study to find the optimum injection scheme for SLS2 among the conventional and more advanced schemes; namely multipole kicker injection (off-axis and also on-axis matched to the off-momentum closed orbit) and longitudinal injection.

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TUPJE047

Design Studies for an Upgrade of the SLS Storage Ring

emittance, storage-ring, radiation, operation

1724

A. Streun, M. Aiba, M. Böge, M.P. Ehrlichman, A. Saá Hernández
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

An upgrade of the Swiss Light Source (SLS) would replace the existing storage ring by a low aperture multibend achromat lattice providing an emittance of about 100–200 pm at 2.4 GeV, while maintaining the hall, the beam lines and the injector. Since emittance scales inversely cubically with the number of lattice cells, an SLS upgrade is challenged by the comparatively small ring circumference of only 288 m. A new concept for a compact low emittance lattice is based on longitudinal gradient bending magnets for emittance minimization and on anti-bends (i.e bends of opposite field polarity) to disentangle dispersion and horizontal beta function in order to provide the optimum matching to the longitudinal gradient bends while minimizing the contribution to chromaticity.

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TUPJE061

Injection Studies for the Diamond Storage Ring

septum, injection, kicker, storage-ring

1768

I.P.S. Martin, M. Apollonio, R. Bartolini
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
R. Bartolini
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

The Diamond storage ring will be upgraded during 2016 by replacing one of the existing double bend achromat (DBA) cells with a double-DBA (DDBA) cell*. It is anticipated that both the on and off momentum dynamic aperture will reduce as a result of this change. In order to prepare for this eventuality, injection into the Diamond storage ring has been recently studied in detail. In particular, the oscillation amplitude, angle and energy of the injected beam have been determined, along with the position of the stored beam with respect to the septum plate. Following these studies, the injected beam energy has been matched to the storage ring, and plans have been put in place to move the injection septum 4 mm closer to the stored beam centre line.
*R.P. Walker et al., “The Double-Double Bend Achromat (DDBA) Lattice Modification for the Diamond Storage Ring”, Proc. IPAC 2014, MOPRO103, (2014)

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TUPJE063

Hybrid Seven-Bend-Achromat Lattice for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade

emittance, multipole, injection, sextupole

1776

M. Borland, V. Sajaev, Y. Sun
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
A hybrid seven-bend-achromat lattice has been designed for the APS upgrade. We describe the design goals, constraints, and methodology, including the choice of beam energy. Magnet strength and spacing is compatible with engineering designs for the magnets, diagnostics, and vacuum system. Dynamic acceptance and local momentum acceptance were simulated using realistic errors, then used to assess workable injection methods and predict beam lifetime. Predicted brightness is two to three orders of magnitude higher than the existing APS storage ring. Pointers are provided to other papers in this conference that cover subjects in more detail.

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TUPJE067

Status of the APS Upgrade Project

brightness, photon, emittance, dipole

1791

S. Henderson
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357
A concept for an upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source based on a multi-bend achromat lattice is being developed at Argonne National Laboratory. An MBA upgrade to the APS will reduce the horizontal emittance by a factor of ~50. Coupled with superconducting undulators, the APS-U brightness will be two to three orders of magnitude beyond that which is available today at the APS.

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TUPJE070

Preliminary Experimental Investigation of Quasi Achromat Scheme at Advanced Photon Source

resonance, emittance, operation, optics

1800

Y. Sun, H. Shang
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Next generation storage rings require weaker dipole magnets and stronger quadrupole focusing to achieve very low emittance. To suppress the geometric and chromatic optics aberrations introduced by the strong sextupoles, achromat and quasi achromat schemes are applied in the lattice design to improve the beam dynamics performance. In this paper, some preliminary experimental investigation of the quasi achromat scheme at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) are presented. Three different operation lattices are compared on their beam dynamics performance. Although none of these operation lattices achieve ideal quasi achromat condition, they have certain relevant features. It is observed that fewer resonances are present in the nominal operation lattice which is most close to quasi achromat required conditions.

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TUPJE071

Alternate Lattice Design for Advanced Photon Source Multi-Bend Achromat Upgrade

dipole, injection, quadrupole, accumulation

1803

Y. Sun, M. Borland
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
A 67-pm hybrid-seven-bend achromat (H7BA) lattice is proposed for a future Advanced Photon Source (APS) multi-bend-achromat (MBA) upgrade. This lattice requires use of a swap-out (on-axis) injection scheme. Alternate lattice design work has also been performed to achieve better beam dynamics performance than the nominal APS MBA lattice, in order to allow beam accumulation. One of such alternate H7BA lattice designs, which still targets a very low emittance of 76 pm, is discussed in this paper. With these lattices, existing APS injector complex can be employed without the requirement of a very high charge operation. Studies show that an emittance below 76 pm can be achieved with the employment of reverse bends in an alternate lattice. We discuss the predicted performance and requirements for these lattices and compare them to the nominal lattice.

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TUPJE072

Advanced Photon Source Injection Related Simulation and Measurement

injection, simulation, operation, septum

1806

Y. Sun
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Injection efficiency is one of the key factors in ensuring successful operation of storage ring light sources. In this paper, injection simulation and measurement studies at the Advanced Photon Source will be presented. The tracking simulations and measurements are compared in terms of the dynamic aperture and injection efficiency. Injection efficiency is also measured on the betatron tunes space and on different stored beam orbits.
yisun@aps.anl.gov

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TUPMA001

Progress of the R&D towards a diffraction limited upgrade of the Advanced Light Source

optics, injection, radiation, photon

1840

C. Steier, A. Anders, D. Arbelaez, J.M. Byrd, K. Chow, S. De Santis, R.M. Duarte, J.-Y. Jung, T.H. Luo, A. Madur, H. Nishimura, J.R. Osborn, G.C. Pappas, L.R. Reginato, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, D. Schlueter, C. Sun, C.A. Swenson, W.L. Waldron, E.J. Wallén, W. Wan
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Improvements in brightness and coherent flux of about two orders of magnitude over operational storage ring based light sources are possible using multi bend achromat lattice designs. These improvements can be implemented as upgrades of existing facilities, like the proposed upgrade of the Advanced Light Source, making use of the existing infrastructure, thereby reducing cost and time needed to reach full scientific productivity on a large number of beamlines. An R&D program funded by internal laboratory funds was started at LBNL to further develop the technologies necessary for diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSR). It initially involves five areas, and focuses on the specific needs of soft x-ray facilities: vacuum system/NEG coating of small chambers, injection/pulsed magnets, RF systems/bunch lengthening, magnets/radiation production with advanced radiation devices, and beam physics design optimization. Some hardware prototypes have been built. The work will expand in the future to demonstrate necessary key technologies at the subsystem level or in beam tests and include new areas like photon beamline optics.

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TUPMA021

Optimization of an Improved SASE (iSASE) FEL

FEL, radiation, undulator, simulation

1881

L. Gupta
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
K. Fang, J. Wu
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Supported by US DOE FWP-2013-SLAC-100164 and DOE SULI.
In order to improve free electron laser technology for the future LCLSII at SLAC, a new strategy for creating radiation with increased temporal coherence is under development. The improved Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (iSASE) FEL utilizes phase shifters which allow for the spontaneously emitted radiation to interact with and stimulate more electrons to radiate coherently. Five phase shifters were simulated, with 34 normal-conducting undulators and focusing-defocusing quadrupoles as an LCLSII FEL lattice using the FEL software Genesis 1.3. Two general schemes, one providing a total phase shift of arbitrary distribution, the other providing a sequential or distributed phase shift, were simulated and optimized using a simulated annealing algorithm. The results suggest that the phase shifters must provide a total shift comparable to the bunch length, and the shifts must be distributed with one large shift, followed by smaller shifts.
* J. Wu, A. Marinelli, C. Pellegrini, Proc. FEL2012, pp. 237, Japan (2012).
** J. Wu, et al., Proc. IPAC2013, pp. 2068, China (2013).

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TUPMA022

CESR Upgrade as a High-Energy, High-Brightness X-Ray Light Source

emittance, positron, electron, storage-ring

1884

J.P. Shanks, D. L. Rubin
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: Research supported by NSF grant DMR-1332208.
The Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) operates most of the year as the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS). CESR was originally designed and operated as an electron/positron collider, circulating high-emittance beams in order to maximize luminosity. Beam lines were developed to extract x-rays from both electron and positron beams. The two beams share a common vacuum chamber, and are electrostatically separated to avoid collisions. The requirement to store counter-rotating beams significantly constrains the storage ring optics, limiting emittance and, beam current, and bunch distributions. The proposed upgrade eliminates two-beam operation in favor of a single optimized on-axis beam. Several new undulator-based beam lines are planned. The horizontal emittance is reduced in steps, first from 90nm to 20nm at 5.3 GeV, and then in a ring-wide upgrade to as low as 300 pm-rad at 6GeV. The low-emittance optics are based on multi-bend achromats with combined function bends. The details of the optics, apertures, and magnet parameters are presented.

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TUPMA023

Two-Dimensional Calculation of Channeling Radiation Spectrum for High-Brightness Hard X-Ray Production

electron, radiation, ion, brightness

1888

W.D. Rush, J. Shi
KU, Lawrence, Kansas, USA

The channeling radiation spectrum is calculated without using the one-dimensional approximation in the planar channeling radiation model or the single-string approximation in the axial channeling radiation model. The obtained spectrum of the two-dimensional channeling radiaiton is significantly different from those previously calculated with the approximations. The calculation presented here is of the channeling radiation experiments conducted at Fermilab Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA) photoinjector with electron beam energies of 20-50 MeV and a diamond target. The computational method developed in this work can be applied to general cases of different crystals and beams with different energy and emittances.

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TUPMA034

Control of Synchrotron Radiation Effects During Recirculation with Bunch Compression

emittance, controls, recirculation, simulation

1910

D. Douglas, S.V. Benson, R. Li, C. Tennant
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
G.A. Krafft, B. Terzić
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
C.-Y. Tsai
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177.
Studies of beam quality preservation during recirculation * have been extended to generate a design of a compact arc providing bunch compression with positive momentum compaction ** and control of both incoherent and coherent synchrotron radiation (ISR and CSR) effects using the optics balance methods of diMitri et al.***. In addition, the arc/compressor generates very little micro-bunching gain. We detail the beam dynamical basis for the design, discuss the design process, give an example solution, and provide simulations of ISR and CSR effects. Reference will be made to a complete analysis of micro-bunching effects ****.
* D. Douglas et al., these proceedings
** S. Benson et al., these proceedings
*** S. diMitri et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 014801, 2 January 2013
**** C.Y. Tsai et al., these proceedings

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TUPMA035

Control of Synchrotron Radiation Effects during Recirculation

emittance, controls, recirculation, synchrotron

1913

D. Douglas, S.V. Benson, A.S. Hofler, R. Kazimi, R. Li, Y. Roblin, C. Tennant
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
G.A. Krafft, B. Terzić
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
C.-Y. Tsai
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177.
Numerous proposals invoke recirculation and/or energy recovery for cost-performance optimization. These often encounter challenges with the beam-quality-degrading effects of incoherent and coherent synchrotron radiation (ISR and CSR). We describe a means of controlling of this degradation. The approach utilizes results by diMitri et al. *, and invokes behavior observed during simulations of the recirculation process. The method is based on the use of periodically isochronous 2nd-order achromats; this not only insures that the conditions for the suppression of CSR-driven emittance growth are met*, it also suppresses micro-bunching gain over a broad range of parameter space **. Details of specific designs will be presented, and a reference to an analysis of micro-bunching effects ** provided. A planned test of the CSR suppression mechanism in CEBAF will be described.
*S. diMitri et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 014801, 2 January 2013.
**C.Y. Tsai et al., these proceedings.

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TUPMA053

Experience with First Turns Commissioning in NSLS-II Storage Ring

injection, kicker, storage-ring, betatron

1950

S. Seletskiy, G. Bassi, J. Bengtsson, A. Blednykh, E.B. Blum, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, R.P. Fliller, W. Guo, R. Heese, Y. Hidaka, S.L. Kramer, Y. Li, B. Podobedov, T.V. Shaftan, G.M. Wang, F.J. Willeke, L. Yang, X. Yang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

In this paper we describe our experience with commissioning of the first turns in the NSLS-II storage ring. We discuss the problems that we encountered and show how applying a dedicated first turns commissioning software allowed us to diagnose and resolve these problems.

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TUPMA054

High Level Application for First Turns Commissioning in NSLS-II Storage Ring

software, storage-ring, GUI, controls

1953

S. Seletskiy, A. Blednykh, J. Choi, Y. Hidaka, B. Podobedov, G. Shen, L. Yang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The typical problems occurring during commissioning of the first turns in the storage rings include shorted coils or reversed polarity of the magnets, cross-cabling of magnets power supplies and reversed polarity of BPMs. In this paper we describe a dedicated high level control application, which was created and utilized for commissioning of the first turns in NSLS-II storage ring.

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TUPHA012

LOCO Application to NSLS2 SR Dispersion and Beta Beating Correction

quadrupole, optics, storage-ring, ion

1989

X. Yang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
X. Huang, J.A. Safranek
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

During the short run in early July, 2014, we made changes to the Matlab LOCO setup for NSLS-II and applied LOCO successfully to the machine. The MML setup was verified with I/O tests for all quadrupole families. The LOCO setup was further tested with an intentional quadrupole error. After the successful LOCO correction, the rms beta beat was reduced from the initial values of 5.5% x and 5.6% y, to 1.9% x and 1.0% y, respectively. The rms horizontal dispersion error was reduced from 21 mm to 6 mm. It is critical to keep the same closed orbit for LOCO correction to take effect. Because presently some correctors are nearly saturated, closed orbit cannot be controlled for additional iterations. We expect LOCO to achieve better optics correction after the orbit control is improved.

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TUPTY004

Tracking Simulation for Beam Loss Studies with Application to FCC

simulation, scattering, collider, detector

2004

M. Boscolo
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
H. Burkhardt
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

We present an implementation of a tracking simulation tool used to evaluate the main particle loss effects for Flavor Factories with the aim of applying these studies also to FCC. We describe the interface of the Monte Carlo tracking code with MAD-X, showing first simulations of the Touschek effect for the FCC-ee at the Z. We plan to use this approach also for multi-turn simulations of particles scattered by radiative Bhabha, beam-gas and eventually Beamstrahlung effects.

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TUPTY018

Interaction region for crab waist scheme of the Future Electron-Positron Collider (CERN)

sextupole, quadrupole, luminosity, collider

2034

A.V. Bogomyagkov, E.B. Levichev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: Work is supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Design study of the accelerator that would fit 80-100~km tunnel called Future Circular Colliders (FCC) includes high-luminosity e⁺e^- collider (FCC-ee) with center-of-mass energy from 90 to 350~GeV to study Higgs boson properties and perform precise measurements at the electroweak scale. Crab waist interaction region provides collisions with luminosity higher than 2×10³⁶~cm^-2sec^-1 at beam energy of 45~GeV. The small values of the beta functions at the interaction point and distant final focus lenses are the reasons for high nonlinear chromaticity limiting energy acceptance of the whole ring. The paper describes interaction region for crab waist collision scheme in the FCC-ee, principles of tuning the chromaticity correction section in order to provide large energy acceptance.

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TUPTY059

First Considerations on Beam Optics and Lattice Design for the Future Electron-Positron Collider FCC-ee

emittance, optics, collider, operation

2162

B. Härer, B.J. Holzer, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A.V. Bogomyagkov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

The Future Circular Collider (FCC) study includes the design of a 100-km electron positron collider (FCC-ee) with collision energies between 90 GeV and 350 GeV. This paper describes first aspects of the design and the optics of the FCC-ee collider, optimised for four different beam energies. Special emphasis is put on the need for a highly flexible magnet lattice in order to achieve the required beam emittances in each case and on the layout of the interaction region that will have to combine an advanced mini-beta concept, an effective beam separation scheme and a local chromaticity control to optimise the momentum acceptance and dynamic aperture of the ring.

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TUPWI014

Design of a Superconducting Gantry for Protons

dipole, quadrupole, proton, target

2268

C. Bonțoiu, I. Martel, J. Sanchez-Segovia
University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
R. Berjillos, J.P.B. Perez
TTI, Santander, Spain

The last decade brought much interest in proton therapy within the medical and accelerator communities. Using normal conducting technology, the high-energy beams required can be handled only with large and heavy magnets which causes prohibitive costs. While lattice design work on a superconducting gantry has been carried out for a decade there is yet no practical implementation. The University of Huelva in collaboration with the Andalusian Foundation for Health Research (FABIS) is currently involved in developing and assembling a prototype for a compact superconducting proton gantry. Magnet design and performance is described along with beam dynamics results for the main gantry arcs and for the final spot scanning system using realistic magnetic field maps thoroughly.

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TUPWI021

Progress on a 30 - 350 MeV Normal-Conducting Scaling FFAG for Proton Therapy

proton, ion, injection, extraction

2285

J.M. Garland, R.B. Appleby, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by the STFC (UK) under grant no. ST/K002503/1
We present our progress on a new design for a 30 - 350 MeV scaling FFAG for proton therapy and tomography - NORMA (NOrmal-conducting Racetrack Medical Accelerator) which allows the realisation of proton computed tomography (pCT) and utilises normal conducting magnets in both a circular and racetrack configuration which are designed using advanced optimisation algorithms developed in PyZgoubi. The ring and racetrack configurations have average circumferences of around 60 and 70 m respectively, peak magnetic fields of < 1.8 T, average orbit excursions < 50 cm and dynamic aperture calculations of > 50 mm.mrad using a novel technique. The racetrack design has a total magnet-free straight length of 4.9 m at two opposing points, designed to ease injection and extraction systems.

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TUPWI043

Chromatic Effects in Long Periodic Transport Channels

emittance, collider, linac, linear-collider

2342

V. Litvinenko
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
Y. Hao, Y.C. Jing
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Long periodic transport channels are frequently used in accelerator complexes and suggested for using in high-energy ERLs for electron-hadron colliders. Without proper chromaticity compensation, such transport channels exhibit high sensitivity to the random orbit errors causing significant emittance growth. Such emittance growth can come from both the correlated and the uncorrelated energy spread. In this paper we present results of our theoretical and numerical studies of such effects and develop a criteria for acceptable chromaticity in such channels

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TUPWI050

Optics Correction for the Multi-pass FFAG ERL Machine eRHIC

simulation, quadrupole, optics, electron

2363

C. Liu, S.J. Brooks, V. Litvinenko, M.G. Minty, V. Ptitsyn, D. Trbojevic
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Gradient errors in the multi-pass Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) machine, eRHIC, distort the beam orbit and therefore cause emittance increase. The localization and correction of gradient errors are essential for an effective orbit correction and emittance preservation. In this report, the methodology and simulation of optics correction for the multi-pass FFAG ERL machine eRHIC will be presented.
The work was performed under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886
with the U.S. Department of Energy.

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TUPWI051

Study of Orbit Correction for eRHIC FFAG Design

simulation, electron, alignment, ion

2366

C. Liu, Y. Hao, V. Litvinenko, F. Méot, M.G. Minty, V. Ptitsyn, D. Trbojevic
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The chromaticities in the eRHIC linear non-scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) lattice are very large. Therefore, particles will decohere in phase space given the presence of lattice errors. The decoherence causes a deviation of the orbit response which is the basis for orbit corrections. In this report we will present a study of the linearity of the orbit response in a lattice with large chromaticity, a comparison of the results of orbit corrections for several cases together with a conclusion that correcting the average orbit with a measured orbit response works as good as an orbit correction for on-momentum particles.
The work was performed under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886
with the U.S. Department of Energy.

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TUPWI053

Polarization Simulations in the RHIC Run 15 Lattice

resonance, optics, polarization, simulation

2372

F. Méot, H. Huang, Y. Luo, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
RHIC polarized proton Run 15 uses a new acceleration ramp optics, compared to RHIC Run~14 and earlier runs, in relation with electron-lens beam-beam compensation developments. The new optics induces different strengths in the depolarizing snake resonance sequence, from injection to top energy. As a consequence, polarization transport along the new ramp has been investigated, based on spin tracking simulations. Sample results are reported and discussed.

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TUPWI054

9-D Polarized Proton Transport in the MEIC "Figure-8" Collider Ring - First Steps

dipole, polarization, quadrupole, collider

2375

F. Méot
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
V.S. Morozov
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Spin tracking studies in the MEIC figure-8 collider ion ring are presented, based on a preliminary design of the lattice. They provide numerical illustrations of some of the aspects of the figure-8 concept, including spin-rotator based spin control, and lay out the path towards complete spin tracking simulations.

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TUPWI055

Chromatic Effects and Orbit Correction in eRHIC Arcs

emittance, linac, quadrupole, simulation

2378

F. Méot, C. Liu
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
In the FFAG version of the electron energy recovery recirculator of the eRHIC electron-ion collider project, natural chromaticity is important and not corrected. Tracking simulations illustrate various aspects of its effects on 6-D bunch dynamics over the 16 turn recirculation from 1.3 to 21.2GeV collision energy, and back down to injection energy. These effects can be mitigated via orbit control, the methodology for that is described and its effectiveness illustrated via a series of ad hoc numerical simulations. Because polarization is paramount in the eRHIC NP program, its careful monitoring is part of the simulations.

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WEYB1

Benchmarking and Application of Space Charge Codes for Rings

space-charge, simulation, resonance, experiment

2402

S. Machida
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

This presentation should present an overview of efforts for benchmarking and application of space charge codes for rings. After briefly recalling the historical background of the simulation efforts of space charge effects in rings, we will overview the present benchmarking efforts against experimental results.

Slides WEYB1 [6.541 MB]

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WEYB3

Interplay of Beam-Beam, Lattice Nonlinearity, and Space Charge Effects in the SuperKEKB Collider

luminosity, space-charge, quadrupole, resonance

2413

D. Zhou, H. Koiso, A. Morita, K. Ohmi, Y. Ohnishi, K. Oide, H. Sugimoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
Y. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The SuperKEKB B-factory adopts nanobeam scheme for the collision, which consists of large crossing angle and very small vertical beta function at the interaction point. Simulations have revealed that the luminosity of SuperKEKB will be very sensitive to perturbations from various sources. This paper discusses various beam dynamics issues involved in the SuperKEKB collider, including beam-beam, lattice nonlinearity, and space charge effects, as well as their interplay and planned mitigations.

Slides WEYB3 [11.722 MB]

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WEBB3

Lattice and its Related Beam Dynamics Issues in the CEPC Storage Ring

quadrupole, electron, positron, factory

2469

H. Geng, S. Bai, Z. Duan, Y.M. Peng, Q. Qin, D. Wang, Y. Wang, G. Xu, Y. Yue, Y. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
W. Chou
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The institute of High Energy Physics has proposed an electron positron collider ring with a circumference of 50-100km to study the Higgs boson. Since the proposal was made, the lattice design for CEPC has been carried out and a preliminary conceptual design report has been written at the end of 2014. In this paper, we will describe the philosophy and results of our lattice design. The procedure of dynamic aperture optimization will be shown. A specific issue for CEPC, the pretzel orbit, which has been found distorting the linear lattice for a considerable amount, will be examined. The ways that we are trying to correct the pretzel orbit effect and the result will be shown. We will also discuss the saw tooth effect on the linear lattice and dynamic aperture of the ring.

Slides WEBB3 [2.599 MB]

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WEBD2

Survey of Commissioning of Recent Storage Ring Light Sources

survey, factory, synchrotron, vacuum

2482

M. Borland
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
R. Bartolini, I.P.S. Martin
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
L.O. Dallin
CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
P. Kuske, R. Müller
HZB, Berlin, Germany
L.S. Nadolski
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
F. Pérez
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
J.A. Safranek
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
S. Shin
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
Z.T. Zhentang
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The Advanced Photon Source and other existing storage ring light sources are contemplating replacing an existing, operating storage ring with a multi-bend achromat lattice. One issue is that existing light sources have large user communities who are greatly inconvenienced by extended shutdowns. Hence, there will be a premium placed on rapid commissioning of the new lattice. To better understand the possibilities, we undertook a survey of recent commissioning experience at third-generation light sources. We present a summary of that survey here.

Slides WEBD2 [0.173 MB]

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WEPWA043

Progress on the Design of the Racetrack FFAG Decay Ring for nuSTORM

factory, detector, closed-orbit, resonance

2594

J.-B. Lagrange, J. Pasternak
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
R.B. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
R.B. Appleby
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
Y. Mori
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan

The neutrino beam produced from muons decaying in a storage ring would be an ideal tool for precise neutrino cross section measurements and search for sterile neutrinos due to its precisely known flavour content and spectrum. In the proposed nuSTORM facility pions would be directly injected into a storage ring, where circulating muon beam would be captured. The racetrack FFAG (Fixed Field Alternating Gradient) option for nuSTORM decay ring offers a very good performance due to a large dynamic and momentum acceptance. Machine parameters, linear optics design, beam dynamics and injection system for nuSTORM FFAG ring are discussed in this paper.

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WEPWA056

The Sinuous Target

target, radiation, proton, electron

2630

R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

We report on the concept for a target material comprised of a multitude of interlaced wires of small dimension. This target material concept is primarily directed at high-power neutrino targets where the thermal shock is large due to small beam sizes and short durations; it also has applications to other high-power targets, particularly where the energy deposition is great or a high surface area is preferred. This approach ameliorates the problem of thermal shock by engineering a material with high strength on the microscale, but a very low modulus of elasticity on the mesoscale. The low modulus of elasticity is achieved by constructing the material of spring-like wire segments much smaller than the beam dimension. The intrinsic bends of the wires will allow them to absorb the strain of thermal shock with minimal stress. Furthermore, the interlaced nature of the wires provides containment of any segment that might become loose. We will discuss the progress on studies of analogue materials and fabrication techniques for sinuous target materials.

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WEPWA062

Design and High-Power Testing of a Hybrid Photonic Band-Gap (PBG) Accelerator Structure at 17 GHz

cavity, simulation, coupling, flattop

2646

J.X. Zhang, A.M. Cook, B.J. Munroe, M.A. Shapiro, R.J. Temkin, H. Xu
MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics under Award Number DE-SC0010075.
An overmoded hybrid Photonic Band Gap (HPBG) structure used as an accelerator cavity has been theoretically designed and high power tested at 17.1 GHz. The HPBG structure consists of a triangular lattice of dielectric (sapphire) and metallic (copper) rods. Due to the frequency selectivity, the hybrid PBG cavity can be operated in a TM02 mode. The maximum surface fields are on the triple point of the innermost row of the sapphire rods. The relatively high value of the surface fields resulted in a high breakdown rate (BDR) at a low gradient in the HPBG structure. Breakdown damage on the triple point edge and the metallization of copper onto the sapphire surface have been observed in the post-testing images. An improved HPBG design, that reduces the peak fields, has been developed. It will be built and tested in an effort to improve the HPBG performance.

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WEPJE007

Simulation Studies of BBU Suppression Methods and Acceptable Tolerances in Dielectric Wakefield Accelerators

wakefield, quadrupole, simulation, dipole

2685

D.Y. Shchegolkov, E.I. Simakov
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
A. Zholents
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
The advantage of dielectric wakefield accelerators (DWAs) is the ability to achieve accelerating gradients well above the limits of conventional accelerators. However DWAs will also produce high transverse wakefields if the beam propagates off-center, which grow even faster than the accelerating gradient when the width of the beam channel is decreased.* It is highly important to suppress single beam breakup (BBU) instability in order for the beam to propagate long enough so that a reasonable amount of energy (e.g., 80%) from the drive bunch is extracted. In addition bending of the dielectric channel has a similar effect to off-center steering of the beam with the required tolerances on the channel straightness typically in a few micron range. For both rectangular and circular dielectric lined waveguides we use a FODO lattice with a tapered strength for suppression of BBU. We impose initial energy chirp on the drive beam to make use of the BNS damping. We change rectangular waveguide orientation by 90 degrees with a small step to make use of the quadrupole wakefield focusing. These and other techniques and tolerance requirements are discussed and simulation results are presented in this presentation.
* C. Li, W. Gai, C. Jing, J.G. Power, C.X. Tang, and A. Zholents, High gradient limits due to single bunch beam breakup in a collinear dielectric wakefield accelerator, PRSTAB 17, 091302 (2014).

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WEPMA041

1.3 GHz SRF Cryomodules for the Mainz Energy-recovering Superconducting Accelerator MESA

cryomodule, SRF, linac, controls

2853

F. Schlander, K. Aulenbacher, R.G. Heine, D. Simon, T. Stengler
IKP, Mainz, Germany

Funding: Work supported by the German Federal Ministery of Education and Research (BMBF) and German Research Foundation (DFG) under the Cluster of Excellence "PRISMA"
The Mainz Energy-recovering Superconducting Accelerator MESA requires superconducting RF systems that provide sufficient energy of 50 MeV per turn to an electron beam. The ordering process of two Rossendorf-type cryomodules, containing two 9-cell 1.3 GHz XFEL-like cavities each, is in progress. Besides an overview of the adaptations required for the multipass and high current beam operation of the cryomodules, details about challenges regarding the installation of the cryomodules on the premises of the Institut für Kernphysik at Universität Mainz are given.

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WEPHA040

Status of AC Power Supplies for TPS Booster Ring

booster, dipole, power-supply, controls

3203

Y.-C. Chien, P.C. Chiu, K.T. Hsu, C.Y. Liu, K.-B. Liu, B.S. Wang, Y.S. Wong, C.Y. Wu
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

TPS is a third generation 3 GeV synchrotron light source under commission in Taiwan. The TPS Booster ring is concentric ring design sharing the same tunnel with storage ring. The booster ring power supplies are responsible of accelerating the 150 MeV Linac output energy to 3 GeV before the beam is preserved in the storage ring. The booster ring power supplies are required to operate at 3Hz sinusoidal waveform with 1000 A peak current for the dipole magnet. All power supplies' specifications and output performance are demonstrated here in this paper.

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WEPTY003

Magnet Designs for the Multi-bend Achromat Lattice at the Advanced Photon Source

dipole, quadrupole, sextupole, magnet-design

3260

M.S. Jaski, J. Liu
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
D.J. Harding, V.S. Kashikhin, M.L. Lopes
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
A.K. Jain, C.J. Spataro
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is currently investigating replacing the existing two-bend 7 GeV lattice with a 6 GeV seven-bend achromat magnet lattice in order to achieve a low electron beam emittance. This new lattice requires 1320 magnets, of which there are nine types. These include high strength quadrupoles (gradient up to ~97 T/m), sextupoles with second derivative of field up to ~7000 T/m2, longitudinal gradient dipoles with field ratio of up to 5, and transverse gradient dipoles with gradients of ~50 T/m and central field of ~0.6 T. These field requirements and the limited space available pose several design challenges. This paper presents a summary of magnet designs for the various magnet types developed through a collaboration of APS with FNAL and BNL.

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WEPTY058

Diagnostics for High Power CW Accelerators

diagnostics, operation, controls, software

3405

S. Assadi
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

Funding: Work is partially supported by grants from the State of Texas (ASE) & the Michelle foundation
High power, continuous wave (cw) accelerators are proposed for applications such as Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) for subcritical reactor strategies and heavy ion accelerators for the production of rare isotopes. Because of the high beam powers and high energy loss with beam interception of material, the beam diagnostic designs are necessarily shifting to non-intercepting, real-time feedback devices that can be fully integrated with the accelerator machine protection system (MPS) and operation control system including online models. Appropriate for these applications, three types of beam diagnostics (lanthanum bromide scintillation coincidence detectors, GaN neutron and gamma detectors, and beam position monitors) are presented.

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THPF030

Antiproton Acceleration and Deceleration in the HESR

antiproton, target, acceleration, dipole

3758

B. Lorentz, T. Katayama, A. Lehrach, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, R. Stassen, H. Stockhorst, R. Tölle
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

The High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) is a part of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The ring is used for hadron physics experiments with a pellet target and the PANDA detector, and will supply antiprotons of momenta from 1.5 GeV/c to 15 GeV/c. To cover the whole energy range a flexible adjustment of transition energy and the corresponding gamma-t value is foreseen. For Injection and Accumulation of Antiprotons delivered from the CR at a momentum of 3.8 GeV/c (gamma=4.2), the HESR optics will be tuned to gamma-t=6.2. For deceleration down to a momentum of 1.5 GeV/c this optic is suitable as well. Stochastic cooling at an intermediate energy is required to avoid beam losses caused by adiabatic growth of the beam during deceleration. For acceleration to 8 GeV/c (gamma=8.6) the optics will be changed after accumulation of the antiproton beam to gamma-t=14.6. For momenta higher than 8 GeV/c the beam will be debunched at 8 GeV/c, optics will be changed to gamma-t=6.2, and after adiabatic rebunching the beam will be accelerated to 15 GeV/c (gamma=16). Simulations show the feasibility of the described procedures with practically no beam losses.

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THPF039

Stability Studies for J-PARC Linac Upgrade to 50 mA/400 MeV

linac, emittance, simulation, operation

3785

Y. Liu, T. Maruta
KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
K. Futatsukawa, T. Miyao
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Ikegami
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
A. Miura
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

J-PARC linac applies the Equi-partitioning (EP) setting as the base-line design. And it is the first machine to adopt this approach at the design stage. EP condition is a natural solution for avoiding emittance exchange between transverse and longitudinal planes. At J-PARC linac it is also possible to explore off-EP settings. One of the motivations could be a lattice with relaxed envelope for mitigating the intra-beam stripping (IBSt) effects in high current H⁻ beam. During and after the energy upgrade in Jan., 2014 and beam current upgrade in Oct., 2014, experiments were carried out to study the stability and emittance evolution for the EP and off-EP settings with high current H⁻ beam at J-PARC linac for better choices of lattice and better understanding.

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THPF042

Rectlinear Cooling Scheme for Bright Muon Sources

emittance, simulation, space-charge, cavity

3792

D. Stratakis
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Contract No, DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy.
A fast cooling technique is described that simultaneously reduces all six phase-space dimensions of a charged particle beam. In this process, cooling is accomplished by reducing the beam momentum through ionization energy loss in absorbers and replenishing the momentum loss only in the longitudinal direction rf cavities. In this work we describe its main features and describe the main results.

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THPF092

European Spallation Source Lattice Design Status

linac, target, DTL, quadrupole

3911

Y.I. Levinsen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
H. Danared, R. De Prisco, M. Eshraqi, R. Miyamoto, M. Muñoz, A. Ponton, E. Sargsyan
ESS, Lund, Sweden
S.P. Møller, H.D. Thomsen
ISA, Aarhus, Denmark

The European Spallation Source will offer an unprecedented beam power for spallation sources of 5 MW. The accelerator will deliver a proton beam of 62.5 mA peak current and 2.0 GeV onto the spallation target. Since the technical design report (TDR) was published in 2013, work has continued to further optimize the accelerator design. We report on the advancements in lattice design optimizations after the TDR to improve performance and flexibility, and reduce cost of the ESS accelerator.

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THPF100

Status of the ESSnuSB Accumulator

linac, target, injection, proton

3942

E.H.M. Wildner, B.J. Holzer, M. Martini, Y. Papaphilippou, H.O. Schönauer
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
T.J.C. Ekelöf, M. Olvegård, R.J.M.Y. Ruber
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
M. Eshraqi
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a research center based on the world's most powerful neutron source currently under construction in Lund, Sweden. 2.0 GeV, 2.86 ms long proton pulses at 14 Hz are produced for the spallation facility (5MW on target). The possibility to pulse the linac at higher frequency to deliver, in parallel with the spallation neutron production, a very intense, cost effective, high performance neutrino beam. Short pulses on the target require an accumulator ring. The optimization of the accumulator lattice to store these high intensity beams from the linac (1.1x10¹⁵ protons per pulse) has to take into account the space available on the ESS site, transport of H⁻ beams (charge exchange injection), radiation and shielding needs. Space must be available in the ring for collimation and an RF system for the extraction gap and loss control. We present the status of the accumulator for ESS neutrino facility.

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THPF101

Design of a Proton Travelling Wave Linac with a Novel Tracking Code

linac, proton, quadrupole, simulation

3945

S. Benedetti
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
U. Amaldi
TERA, Novara, Italy
A. Grudiev, A. Latina
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A non-relativistic proton linac based on high gradient backward travelling wave accelerating structures was designed using a novel dedicated 3D particle tracking code. Together with the specific RF design approach adopted, the choice of a 2.9985 GHz backward travelling wave (BTW) structure with 150° RF phase advance per cell was driven by the goal of reaching an accelerating gradient of 50 MV/m, which is more than twice that achieved so far. This choice dictated the need to develop a new code for tracking charged particles through travelling wave structures which were never used before in proton linacs. Nevertheless, the new code has the capability of tracking particles through any kind of accelerating structure, given its real and imaginary electromagnetic field map. This project opens a completely new field in the design of compact linacs for proton therapy, possibly leading to cost-effective and widespread single room facilities for cancer treatment.

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THPF107

Quality and Stability Studies of the Beams in the ELENA Ring Transfer Lines

quadrupole, antiproton, simulation, experiment

3966

J.R. Hunt, O. Karamyshev, J. Resta-López, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
J.R. Hunt, O. Karamyshev, J. Resta-López, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by the EU under Grant Agreement 624854 and the STFC Cockcroft Institute core Grant No. ST/G008248/1.
The Extra Low ENergy Antiproton (ELENA) ring will provide seven different experiments at CERN with cooled beams of low energy (~100 keV) antiprotons. As a result, a system of transfer lines is being designed to ensure that each experiment receives a beam with its required properties. In this contribution, particle tracking simulations using MADX are performed to explore the effects on the beam quality and orbit stability of different lattice imperfections, such as element misalignment, electric field and matching errors. The tolerances on the actual values of these quantities are obtained as a guide for the construction of the transfer lines.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-THPF107

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THPF129

The MICE Demonstration of Lonization Cooling

emittance, acceleration, radiation, cavity

4023

J. Pasternak, C. Hunt, J.-B. Lagrange, K.R. Long
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
V. Blackmore
Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, United Kingdom
N.A. Collomb
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
V.C. Palladino
INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy
R. Preece, J.S. Tarrant
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
C.T. Rogers
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
P. Snopok
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: SFTC, DOE, NSF, INFN, CHIPP and more
Muon beams of low emittance provide the basis for the intense, well-characterised neutrino beams necessary to elucidate the physics of flavour at the Neutrino Factory and to provide lepton-antilepton collisions at energies of up to several TeV at the Muon Collider. The International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will demonstrate ionization cooling, the technique by which it is proposed to reduce the phase-space volume occupied by the muon beam at such facilities. In an ionization-cooling channel, the muon beam passes through a material (the absorber) in which it loses energy. The energy lost is then replaced using RF cavities. The combined effect of energy loss and re-acceleration is to reduce the transverse emittance of the beam (transverse cooling). A major revision of the scope of the project was carried out over the summer of 2014. The revised project plan, which has received the formal endorsement of the international MICE Project Board and the international MICE Funding Agency Committee, will deliver a demonstration of ionization cooling by September 2017. In the revised configuration a central lithium-hydride absorber provides the cooling effect. The magnetic lattice is provided by the two superconducting focus coils and acceleration is provided by two 201 MHz single-cavity modules. The phase space of the muons entering and leaving the cooling cell will be measured by two solenoidal spectrometers. All the superconducting magnets for the ionization cooling demonstration are available at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and the first single-cavity prototype is under test in the MuCool Test Area at Fermilab. The design of the cooling demonstration experiment will be described together with a summary of the performance of each of its components. The cooling performance of the revised configuration will also be presented.

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THPF131

Beam Studies for the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) - Reducing Beam Loss at the Fermilab Booster

booster, injection, proton, simulation

4027

K. Seiya, C.M. Bhat, D.E. Johnson, V.V. Kapin, W. Pellico, C.-Y. Tan, R. Tesarek
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The Fermilab Booster is being upgraded under the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) to be capable of providing a proton flux of 2.25·10¹⁷ protons per hour. The intensity per cycle will remain at the present operational 4.3·10¹² protons per pulse, however the Booster beam cycle rate is going to be increased from 7.5 Hz to 15 Hz. One of the biggest challenges is to maintain the present beam loss power while the doubling the beam flux. Under PIP, there has been a large effort in beam studies and simulations to better understand the mechanisms of the beam loss. The goal is to reduce it by half by correcting and controlling the beam dynamics and by improving operational systems through hardware upgrades. This paper is going to present the recent beam study results and status of the Booster operations.

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THPF136

Beam Dynamics Optimization of FRIB Folding Segment 1 with Single-type Re-buncher Cryomodule

cavity, cryomodule, emittance, quadrupole

4042

Z.Q. He, M. Ikegami, F. Marti, T. Xu, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: The work is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-11-02511, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661.
FRIB is using a charge stripper in folding segment 1 to increase the number of charge states of particles to enhance the acceleration efficiency. To control possible emittance growth after the charge stripper, the 3-dimensional on-stripper beam size should be as small as possible. The original 2-cavity-HWR (HWR stands for half wave resonator) rebuncher cryomodule is responsible for the longitudinal focusing before stripper. In order to accept and transport the beam downstream to linac segment 2, another kind of 3-cavity-QWR (QWR stands for quarter wave resonator) rebuncher cryomodule is baselined after the stripper. However, two kinds of cryomodules would increase the cost in design, therefore would be quite inefficient. In this paper, the FRIB lattice with only single-type 4-cavity-QWR rebuncher cryomodule in folding segment 1 is discussed. Positions of lattice elements are adjusted to accommodate the new type of cryomodule. Beam dynamics is optimized to meet the on-stripper beam requirement. The lattice is then adjusted and rematches.

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THPF137

Beam Dynamics Effects of High Order Multipoles in Non-Axisymmetric Superconducting RF Cavities

multipole, sextupole, linac, octupole

4045

Z.Q. He, J. Wei, Y. Zhang
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: The work is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-11-02511, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661.
Non-axisymmetric superconducting RF cavities have been widely used in accelerator facilities. Because of the geometry, electric and magnetic multipole components, including steering terms, quadrupole terms, and higher order terms, would arise and have potential effects on beam dynamics. In this paper, we start with a simple linac periodic structure to study the effects of higher order terms. The action is defined as a figure of merit to quantify the effects. After that, we move to a more realistic situation of FRIB linac segment 1 (LS1). Multipole terms of quarter wave resonators (QWRs) are firstly calculated using multipole expansion scheme. Then, the scheme is tested using the FRIB linac lattice with QWRs, and the effects of higher order terms on FRIB LS1 are estimated.

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THPF139

Nonlinear Optics of Solenoid Magnets

solenoid, focusing, optics, factory

4048

S.M. Lund
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1102511.
Solenoid magnets are often employed for focusing in low energy beam transport lattices in the front-end of a machine. We derive a relatively simple analytic formula for the nonlinear angular focusing kick imparted to particles traversing the solenoid. Few approximations are made. The formula suggests that for beam transport, little can be done to reduce nonlinearities in solenoid-type magnets other than take a simple design without abrupt changes as a function of axial coordinate and appropriately choose the aspect ratio (characteristic bore radius over axial length) of the magnet system and the beam filling factor within the aperture to limit nonlinear effects. Illustrative applications of the formula characterize nonlinear focusing effects in iron-free and iron type solenoid magnets.

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FRXC1

The Luminosity Upgrade at RHIC

luminosity, ion, heavy-ion, operation

4091

G. Robert-Demolaize
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Starting with the high energy heavy ion run for Fiscal Year 07 (Run7), the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) underwent a series of upgrades in all three tiers of its activities: machine hardware, lattice design and operational efficiency. The following presents a review of these upgrades and how their combined contributions to heavy ion operations lead to average store luminosities that exceed the initial RHIC design by a factor of 25.

Slides FRXC1 [4.570 MB]

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