IPAC2015 - List of Keywords (neutron)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPWA066	Simulation on Buildup of Electron Cloud in Rapid Cycling Synchrotron of China Spallation Neutron Source	electron, proton, simulation, vacuum	275
	K.W. Li, L. Huang, Y.D. Liu, S. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11275221) Electron cloud interaction with high energy positive beam are believed responsible for various undesirable effects such as vacuum degradation, collective beam instability and even beam loss in high power proton circular accelerator. An important uncertainty in predicting electron cloud instability lies in the detail processes on the generation and accumulation of the electron cloud. The simulation on the build-up of electron cloud is necessary to further studies on beam instability caused by electron cloud. China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is the largest scientific project in building, whose accelerator complex includes two main parts: an H⁻ linac and a rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS). The RCS accumulates the 80 MeV proton beam and accelerates it to 1.6 GeV with a repetition rate 25 Hz. During the beam injection with lower energy, the emerging electron cloud may cause a serious instability and beam loss on the vacuum pipe. A simulation code has been developed to simulate the build-up, distribution and density of electron cloud in CSNS/RCS.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPWA066
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MOPHA025	Control System for FRANZ Facility	controls, ion, ion-source, proton	830
	S.M. Alzubaidi, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger, C. Wagner IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The Frankfurt Neutron Source at the Stern- Gerlach Zentrum (FRANZ) will use the reaction of 7Li(p, n)7Be to produce an intense neutron beam. The neutron energy will be between 10 and 500 keV depending on the primary proton beam, which is variable between 1.8 and 2.2 MeV. A volume type ion source will be used to deliver a 120 keV proton beam with currents up to 200 mA. Like any other facility, FRANZ will need a powerful and reliable control system that also allows monitoring the whole accelerator target areas and experiments. Also interlock and safety systems have to be included to protect personnel from radiation hazards associated with accelerator operations and accompanying experiments. The FRANZ control system is still under development. The ion source will be the first element to be controlled, and to gain experience. A test ion source will be used for testing and examining the performance of this control system. In this paper, the plasma properties, filament ageing and an internal control loop for stable beam production with respect to controlling issues will be discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPHA025
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MOPHA041	Laser Wire Based Transverse Emittance Measurement of H⁻ Beam at Spallation Neutron Source	emittance, laser, electron, dipole	879
	Y. Liu, A.V. Aleksandrov, C.D. Long, A.A. Menshov, A.P. Zhukov ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. A laser wire based transverse emittance measurement system has been developed at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). The system enables a nonintrusive measurement of the transverse emittance in both directions on a 925 MeV/1 MW hydrogen ion (H⁻) beam at the high energy beam transport (HEBT) beam line.
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MOPHA052	Optimization of ILC Cryomodule Design Using Explosion Welding Technology	cryomodule, niobium, cryogenics, cavity	913
	A. Basti University of Pisa and INFN, Pisa, Italy F. Bedeschi INFN-Pisa, Pisa, Italy Ju. Boudagov, B.M. Sabirov, G. Shirkov, Yu.V. Taran JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia A. Bryzgalin, L. Dobrushin, S. Illarionov, E. Pekar PWI, Kiev, Ukraine P. Fabbricatore INFN Genova, Genova, Italy
	Optimization of ILC cryomodule design using explosion welding technology. B.Sabirov, J.Budagov, G.Shirkov - JINR, Dubna, Russia A.Basti, F.Bedeschi, P.Fabbricatore - INFN, Pisa/Genova, Italy A.Bryzgalin, L.Dobrushin, S.Illarionov, E.Pekar - EWI, Kiev, Ukraine JINR activity in the ILC Project is the development, in association with INFN, of techniques to simplify and make cheaper the construction of the ILC cryomodules. In the current ILC TDR design both the helium vessel shell and the connected pipes are made of expensive titanium, one of the few metals that can be welded to niobium by the electron beam technique. We describe the construction and performance of transition elements, obtained by explosion welding, that can couple the niobium cavity with a stainless steel helium vessel. Several designs for these transitions have been produced and studied showing varying levels of reliability. Based on this experience a new design, including a minimal titanium intermediate layer, has been built. Preliminary tests yield impressive results, indicating a very strong resistance of the bon
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MOPTY045	ESS Availability and Reliability Approach	experiment, operation, proton, target	1033
	E. Bargalló, K.H. Andersen, R. Andersson, A. De Isusi, A. Nordt, E.J. Pitcher ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Reliability and availability are key metrics for achieving the scientific vision of the ESS. The approach taken to analyze and to improve these metrics in order to achieve the goals is described in this contribution. The methodology used to obtain the requirements considers not only the availability and reliability figures but also the specific needs extracted from users expectations from the neutron source in order to succeed in their experiments. A top-down requirements allocation is being developed at the same time that bottom-up reliability and availability analyses is being performed. The experiments expected at ESS and their needs in terms of neutron beam performance (reliability, availability and quality) are described as well as the tools used to analyze it. Moreover, the consequences of these analyses in the design phase are discussed.
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MOPTY046	Personnel Safety Systems for the European Spallation Source	radiation, PLC, target, controls	1036
	S.L. Birch, A. Nordt, D. Paulic ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Providing and assuring safe conditions for personnel is a key parameter required to operate the European Spallation Source (ESS). The ESS will be responsible for developing all of the facility personnel safety related systems. All of these systems will be developed by the Integrated Control Systems Division (ICS) and all will be designed, manufactured, commissioned and operated in accordance with the IEC61508 standard, with regard to functional safety for Electrical/Electronic and Programmable Electronic (E/E/PE) safety related systems. This paper describes the ESS Personnel safety system’s scope, strategy, initial design requirements, and methodology but also provides an update of the system design progress so far.
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MOPTY048	Machine Protection Strategy for the ESS	operation, controls, proton, target	1042
	A. Nordt, T. Friedrich, T. Korhonen ESS, Lund, Sweden C. Hilbes ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland
	The ESS proton beam power of 125MW per pulse (5MW average) will be unprecedented and its uncontrolled release could lead to serious damage of equipment within a few microseconds only. To optimize the operational efficiency of the ESS facility allowing for very high beam availability with high reliability towards the end-users, accidents should be avoided and interruptions of beam operation have to be rare and limited to a short time. Finding the right balance between efficient protection of equipment from damage and high beam availability is the key idea on which the ESS Machine Protection Strategy is being based on. Implementing and realizing the measures needed to provide the correct level of machine protection in case of a complex facility like the ESS, requires a systematic approach, which will be discussed in this paper. A method of how to derive machine protection relevant requirements and how to assure completeness of these will be outlined as well.
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TUXB1	FRANZ and Small-Scale Accelerator-Driven Neutron Sources	proton, target, rfq, operation	1276
	C. Wiesner, S.M. Alzubaidi, M. Droba, M. Heilmann, O. Hinrichs, B. Klump, O. Meusel, D. Noll, O. Payir, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp, S. Schmidt, P.P. Schneider, M. Schwarz, W. Schweizer, K. Volk, C. Wagner IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany R. Reifarth IKF, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany
	This paper gives an overview of the opportunities and challenges of high-intensity, low-energy light-ion accelerators for neutron production. Applications of this technology range from the study of stellar nucleosynthesis and astrophysical phenomena to medical applications such as Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The paper includes details of the FRANZ facility, under development at Frankfurt University.
	Slides TUXB1 [3.514 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-TUXB1
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TUPTY015	Study on the transverse painting during the injection process for CSNS/RCS	injection, proton, linac, target	2025
	M.Y. Huang, L. Huang, N. Huang, J. Qiu, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11205185, 11175020, 11175193 ) For the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), a combination of the H⁻ stripping and phase space painting method is used to accumulate a high intensity beam in the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS). In this paper, firstly, the injection processes with different painting ranges and different painting methods were studied. With the codes ORBIT and MATLAB, the particle distribution and painting image were obtained. Then, the reasonable painting range which is suitable for the aperture size and magnet gap can be selected. Since the real field uniformity of BH3 and BV3 is not completely in conformity with the design requirement, the painting method and painting range also need to be selected to reduce the effects of bad field uniformity.
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TUPWI009	Development of Un-destructive Inspection System for Large Concrete Infrastructure by using Accelerator Based Compact Neutron Source	detector, target, proton, photon	2262
	A. Taketani, H. Baba, T. Hashiguchi, G. Hu, Y. Ikeda, Q. Jia, H. Ota, Y. Otake, Y. Seki, S. Wang, Y. Yamagata, S. Yanagimachi RIKEN, Saitama, Japan K. Hirota Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan K. Kino Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan S. Tanaka KEK, Tsukuba, Japan
	Aged large concrete structure, such as highway, bridges and so on, need to be inspected in order to maintain with less cost by un-destructive method. We have been developing un-destructive inspection system by using fast neutron which can penetrate thick concrete. The system will be consisted of (1) Transportable Accelerator based Neutron Source, (2) Fast neutron imaging detector, and (3) Image processing for getting 3D image. RIKEN Accelerator based compact Neutron Source (RANS), which consists of 7MeV proton LINAC and target station, has been operating since 2013. RANS can generate thermal (~25meV) and fast (~2MeV) neutron. Fast neutron detector are developed with plastic scintillator and semiconductor photon sensors. It can see 10mm thick steel rod with 2mm accuracy through 300mm thick concrete.
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TUPWI019	Neutron Shielding Optimization Studies	shielding, target, detector, proton	2282
	A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom J.R. Alonso, L.M. Bartoszek, J.M. Conrad MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA M. Shaevitz Columbia University, New York, USA
	The IsoDAR sterile-neutrino search calls for a high neutron flux from a 60 MeV proton beam striking a beryllium target, that flood a sleeve of highly-enriched ⁷Li, the beta-decay of the resulting ⁸Li giving the desired neutrinos for the very-short-baseline experiment. The target is placed very close to an existing large neutrino detector; all such existing or planned detectors are deep underground, in low-background environments. It is necessary to design a shielding enclosure to prevent neutrons from causing unacceptable activation of the environment. GEANT4 is being used to study neutron attenuation, and optimizing the layers of shielding material to minimize thickness. Materials being studied include iron and two new types of concrete developed by Jefferson Laboratory, one very light with shredded plastic aggregate, the other with high quantities of boron. Initial studies indicate that a total shielding thickness of 1.5 meters produces the required attenuation factor, further studies may allow decrease in thickness. Minimizing it will reduce the amount of cavity excavation needed to house the target system in confined underground spaces.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-TUPWI019
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TUPWI022	GEM*STAR Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System for Improved Safety, Waste Management, and Plutonium Disposition	target, proton, simulation, operation	2289
	R.P. Johnson, R.J. Abrams, M.A.C. Cummings, G. Flanagan, T.J. Roberts Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA C. Bowman ADNA, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA R.B. Vogelaar Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
	Operation of high-power SRF particle accelerators at two US national laboratories allows us to consider a less-expensive nuclear reactor that operates without the need for a critical core, fuel enrichment, or reprocessing. A multipurpose reactor design that takes advantage of this new accelerator capability includes an internal spallation neutron target and high-temperature molten-salt fuel with continuous purging of volatile radioactive fission products. The reactor contains less than a critical mass and almost a million times fewer volatile radioactive fission products than conventional reactors like those at Fukushima. We describe GEMSTAR , a reactor that without redesign will burn spent nuclear fuel, natural uranium, thorium, or surplus weapons material. A first application is to burn 34 tonnes of excess weapons grade plutonium as an important step in nuclear disarmament under the 2000 Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement *. The process heat generated by this W-Pu can be used for the Fischer-Tropsch conversion of natural gas and renewable carbon into 42 billion gallons of low-CO2-footprint, drop-in, synthetic diesel fuel for the DOD. Charles D. Bowman, R. Bruce Vogelaar, et al., Handbook of Nuclear Engineering, Springer Science+Business Media LLC (2010). ** http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2010/04/140097.htm
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TUPWI026	A Monochromatic Gamma Source without Neutrons	photon, proton, rfq, DTL	2292
	R.W. Garnett, S.S. Kurennoy, L. Rybarcyk, T.N. Taddeucci LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. High-energy gamma rays can be efficiently produced using the direct excitation of the 15.1-MeV level in 12C via the (p, p’) reaction. This reaction has the threshold energy of 16.38 MeV. The threshold for neutron production via 12C (p, n) is 19.66 MeV, so there is an energy window of 3.28 MeV where the 15.1-MeV photons can be produced without any direct neutrons. Thick-target yield estimates indicate that just below the neutron production threshold, the photon output is about twice that of the more well-known 11B (d, n) reaction requiring 4-MeV deuterons, with the expected 15.1-MeV photon flux to be approximately 10¹¹ s^-1 sr^-1 per 1 mA of 19.6-MeV proton current on a carbon target. A compact pulsed proton accelerator capable of 10-mA or greater peak currents to drive such a gamma source will be presented. The accelerator concept is based on a 4-rod RFQ followed by compact H-mode structures with PMQ focusing.
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WEXC3	Improving the Energy Efficiency of Accelerator Facilities	klystron, radiation, operation, synchrotron	2428
	M. Seidel PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland R. Gehring KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany E. Jensen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland T.I. Parker ESS, Lund, Sweden P.J. Spiller, J. Stadlmann GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	New particle accelerator based research facilities tend to be much more productive, but often in coincidence with much higher energy consumption. The total energy consumption of mankind is steeply rising, while some European countries decided to terminate nuclear power generation and to switch to renewable energy production. Also the CO2 problem gives rise to new approaches for energy production and in all strategies the efficiency of utilization of electrical energy plays an important role. For the public acceptance of particle accelerator projects it is thus very important to optimize them for best utilization of electrical energy and to show these efforts to funding bodies and to the public. Within the European accelerator development program Eucard-2 we organise a network EnEfficient that aims at improving the energy efficiency of accelerators. In this paper we give some background information on the political situation, we describe the power flow in accelerator facilities and we give examples for developments of efficient accelerator systems, such as magnets, RF generation and beam acceleration, heat recovery and energy management.
	Slides WEXC3 [2.611 MB]
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WEPWA019	Development of Accelerator-driven Compact Neutron Sources	target, proton, radiation, status	2535
	K. Hirota, G. Ichikawa, M. Kitaguchi, Y. Kiyanagi, H.M. Shimizu, K. Tsuchida, A. Uritani, K. Watanabe Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
	Neutron is a very good probe to investigate the inner structure of materials. The large neutron facilities like J-PARC MLF and SNS were constructed in this decade, and ESS facility are start to construct. These large facilities are very good tools to study in academic field. But the construction cost is increasing and it is hard to construct at many facilities. And also it is hard to get long beam time. One of the solution of these problems are constructing Compact Accelerator-driven Neutron Source (CANS). We will present the current situation of CANS and the status of the facility of Nagoya University.
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WEPJE016	INTENSE MUON BEAMS FROM THE CSNS SPALLATION TARGET	target, solenoid, proton, experiment	2708
	Y. Bao, G.G. Hanson UCR, Riverside, California, USA
	Intense muon beams are useful for a wide range of physics experiments. Currently most of the muon beams are produced by protons hitting thin targets sitting upstream of spallation neutron targets. The intensity of the muons is greatly limited by the small thickness of the muon targets, which are intended to have minimum impact on the proton beams. When the majority of the proton beam hits the spallation target, a large number of pions/muons are produced. After being captured in a solenoidal magnetic field, a high intensity muon beam can be produced. In this paper we take the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) target as an example and investigate the production of high intensity muon beams. Two possibilities are presented in this paper: an upstream collection of surface muons and a downstream collection of pions which is followed by a decay and compress channel to obtain a high intensity muon beam. Simulations show both methods can reach high intensities which could significantly increase the statistics of many experiments.
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WEPMA045	Energy Deposition and DPA in the Superconducting Links for the HiLumi LHC project at the LHC Interaction Points	photon, luminosity, simulation, radiation	2865
	F. Broggi, A. Bignami, C. Santini INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy A. Ballarino, F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: The work is part of HiLumi LHC Design Study, partly funded by the European Commission, GA 284404, and included in the High Luminosity LHC project. In the framework of the upgrade of the LHC machine, the powering of the LHC magnets foresees the removal of the power converters and distribution feedboxes from the tunnel and its location at the surface[1]. The Magnesium Diboride (MgB2) connecting lines in the tunnel will be exposed to the debris from 7+7 TeV p-p interaction. The Superconducting (SC) Links will arrive from the surface to the tunnel near the separation dipole, at about 80 m from the Interaction Point at IP1 and IP5. The Connection Box (where the cables of the SC Links are connected to the NbTi bus bar) will be close to the beam pipe. The debris and its effect on the MgB2 SC links in the connection box (energy deposition and displacement per atom) are presented. The effect of thermal neutrons on the Boron consumption and the contribution of the lithium nucleus and the alpha particle on the DPA are evaluated. The results are normalized to an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb-1, value that represents the LHC High Luminosity lifetime. The dose delivered to the SC Links is found to be below the damage limit. Further studies are necessary to correlate the induced displacement per atom to the superconducting properties.
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WEPMA057	Development of HTS magnets	dipole, cyclotron, target, ion	2905
	K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, K. Kamakura, T. Saito, H. Ueda, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita RCNP, Osaka, Japan
	We have been developing magnets utilizing high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wires for this decade. We built three model magnets, a mirror coil for an ECR ion source, a set of coils for a scanning magnet and a super-ferric dipole magnet to generate magnetic field of 3 T. They were excited with AC/pulse currents as well as DC currents. Recently we fabricated a cylindrical magnet for a practical use which polarizes ultracold neutrons (UCN). It consists of 10 double pancakes and the field strength at the center is higher than 3.5 T which is required to fully polarize 210 neV neutrons. It was successfully cooled and excited. The magnet was used to polarized UCN generated by the RCNP-KEK superthermal UCN source, One dipole magnet has been manufactured which is used as a switching magnet after the RCNP ring cyclotron and is excited by pulse currents. It becomes possible to deliver beams to two experimental halls by time sharing. Their designs and performances are presented in the talk.
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WEPMN008	Material Test of Proton Beam Window for CSNS	experiment, proton, target, operation	2927
	H.J. Wang, L. Kang, H. Qu, L. Wu, D.H. Zhu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The proton beam window (PBW) is one of the key devices of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). Material selection is of particular importance. A5083-O was selected in the previous work, and recently the material tests were done. The tests showed the material has good microstructure, physical and mechanical performance. Creep lifetime was analyzed based on the creep test. All the experiment showed the selected material is qualified.
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WEPHA060	5MW Power Upgrade Studies of the ISIS TS1 Target	target, proton, scattering, simulation	3253
	C. Bungau, A. Bungau, R. Cywinski, T.R. Edgecock University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom C.N. Booth, L. Zang Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
	The increasing demand for neutron production at the ISIS neutron spallation source has motivated a study of an upgrade of the production target TS1. This study focuses on a 5 MW power upgrade and complete redesign of the ISIS TS1 spallation target, reflector and neutron moderators. The optimisation of the target-moderator arrangement was done in order to obtain the maximum neutron output per unit input power. In addition, at each step of this optimisation study, the heat load and thermal stresses were calculated to ensure the target can sustain the increase in the beam power.
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WEPTY042	Pulsed Power Systems for ESS Klystrons	klystron, high-voltage, operation, electronics	3368
	M.P.J. Gaudreau, M.K. Kempkes, I. Roth Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA P.A. Dupire Sigma Phi Electronics, Wissembourg, France J.D. Holzmann Sigmaphi, Vannes, France
	Funding: DE-SC0004254 Under an SBIR from DOE, Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) has designed and built an advanced, high-voltage solid-state modulator for long pulse klystrons for ESS. In 2014, DTI, in partnership with SigmaPhi Electronics, received two contracts for production and installation of this design for ESS-class modulators, which will be used for the testing and conditioning of ESS klystron tubes and testing of RF components. This modulator design uses a hybrid configuration (solid state switch and pulse transformer) with an advanced switching regulator to maintain a very flat voltage into the klystron over multi-millisecond pulses. This paper will describe the design and testing of these modulators, and the status of their installation. The major development introduced in this design is that the millisecond-long pulses produce a droop voltage of about 10% with a reasonably-sized capacitor bank–much larger than the 1% droop required. To eliminate the droop without a large and expensive capacitor bank, the modulator uses a non-dissipative regulator.
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WEPTY084	Cooling Systems for the New 201.25 MHz Final Power Amplifiers at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE)	DTL, hardware, cavity, controls	3479
	W.C. Barkley, C.E. Buechler, J.T.M. Lyles, A.C. Naranjo LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA D. Baca, R.E. Bratton Compa Industries, Inc., Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Funding: Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36. Two new 201.25 MHz RF Final Power Amplifiers (FPAs) have been designed, fabricated, assembled, installed and successfully tested at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), in Module 2 of the Drift Tube Linac. These production units were fabricated at Continental Electronics Corporation. In this paper, we summarize the FPAs air and water cooling requirements and cooling systems.
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THXC2	Ion Beam Therapy with Ions Heavier than Protons: Performance and Prospects	ion, proton, radiation, shielding	3654
	U. Linz FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	Starting from a short discussion on the pros and cons of heavier ions for therapy, the presentation will concentrate on two aspects of the therapy with ions heavier than protons: technical equipment and choice of ion. As major components of an IBT facility, accelerator and gantry issues will dominate the part on equipment. Biophysical, medical, and economical considerations will be discussed in the part featuring the choice of the proper ion.
	Slides THXC2 [10.744 MB]
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THPF075	Proton Beam of 2 MeV 1.6 mA on a Tandem Accelerator with Vacuum Insulation	vacuum, proton, ion, high-voltage	3854
	S.Yu. Taskaev, D.A. Kasatov, A.S. Kuznetsov, A.N. Makarov, I.M. Shchudlo, I.N. Sorokin BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The research is conducted with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (a unique identifier for applied scientific research – RFMEFI60414X0066). New type of charged particles accelerator, tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation, was proposed in BINP. The accelerator is characterized by fast acceleration of charged particles, long distance between ion beam and insulator (on which electrodes are mounted), big stored energy in the accelerating gaps and strong input electrostatic lens. High-voltage strength of vacuum gaps, dark currents, ion beam focusing, accelerating and stripping were investigated. Stationary proton beam with 2 MeV energy, 1.6 mA current has just been obtained. The beam is characterized by high energy monochromaticity – 0.1%, and high current stability – 0.5%. Here we report the results of these investigations and discuss the proposal for obtaining 2.5 MeV 3 mA proton beam. The accelerator is considered to be a part of epithermal neutron source for boron neutron capture therapy and monoenergetic neutron source for calibration of dark matter detector.
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THPF079	A Planning and Scheduling System for the ESS Accelerator Project	controls, linac, project-management, cryomodule	3867
	L. Lari, M.J. Conlon, H. Danared, L. Gunnarsson, G. Jacobsson, M. Jakobsson, M. Lindroos, E. Tanke, J.G. Weisend ESS, Lund, Sweden P. Bonnal, L. Lari CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Constructing a large, international research infrastructure is a complex task, especially when a large fraction of the equipment is delivered as in-kind contributions. A mature project management approach is essential to lead the planning and construction to deliver scientifically and technically. The purpose of this paper is to present how the ESS accelerator project is managed in terms of planning and scheduling from the design phase until commissioning, keeping time, budgets and resources constraints, as well as creating and maintaining a strong and trust-based partnership with the external contributors.
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THPF102	Verification of the Neutron Mirror Capabilities in MCNPX via Gold Foil Measurements at the EIGER Instrument Beamline at the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ)	target, simulation, proton, scattering	3949
	R.M. Bergmann, U. Filges, S.H. Forss, E. Rantsiou, D. Reggiani, T. Reiss, U. Stuhr, V. Talanov, M. Wohlmuther PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The EIGER triple-axis thermal neutron spectrometer beamline contains “supermirror” neutron guides, which preferentially reflect low-energy neutrons toward the EIGER spectrometer that come from the ambient temperature, light water neutron source in SINQ. Gold foil measurements have been performed at the EIGER beamline in 2013. This process can be modeled from incident proton to thermal neutron exiting the EIGER beamline by using the neutron mirror capabilities of MCNPX, which should be more accurate than simulations with simplified neutron source distributions and geometry representations. The supermirror reflectivity parameters have been measured previously and are used in MCNPX 2.7.0 to reproduce the activity measured from the gold foil irradiation, verifying the neutron mirror modeling capabilities in MCNPX 2.7.0.
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THPF106	Review of Linac Upgrade Options for the ISIS Spallation Neutron Source	linac, DTL, proton, cavity	3962
	D.C. Plostinar, C.R. Prior, G.H. Rees STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The ISIS Spallation Neutron Source at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory has recently celebrated 30 years of neutron production. However, with increasing demand for improved reliability and higher beam power it has become clear that a machine upgrade is necessary in the medium to long term. One of the upgrade options is to replace the existing 70 MeV H⁻ injector. In this paper we review the ongoing upgrade programme and highlight three linac upgrade scenarios now under study. The first option is to keep the existing infrastructure and replace the current linac with a higher frequency, more efficient machine. This would allow energies in excess of 100 MeV to be achieved in the same tunnel length. A second option is to replace the current linac with a new 180 MeV linac, requiring a new tunnel. A third option is part of a larger upgrade scenario and involves the construction of an 800 MeV superconducting linac.
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THPF123	Modeling Proton- and Light Ion-Induced Reactions at Low Energies in the MARS15 Code	proton, target, ion, light-ion	4003
	I.L. Rakhno, N.V. Mokhov Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA K. K. Gudima Institute of Applied Physics, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
	Funding: This work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Correct predictions of secondary particles generated in proton-nucleus interactions below a few tens of MeV is required for radiation studies for front-end of many proton accelerators, energy deposition studies for detectors, radiation damage calculations. Cascade models of various flavors fail to properly describe this energy region. Therefore, we opted to use the existing TENDL library provided in the ENDF/B format in the energy range from 1 to 200 MeV. A much more time-consuming approach utilized in a modified code ALICE was also looked at. For both the options, the energy and angle distributions of all secondary particles are described with the Kalbach-Mann systematics. The following secondaries are taken into account: gammas, nucleons, deuterons, tritons, He-3, He-4 and all generated residual nuclei. Comparisons with experimental data for both the options are presented. The corresponding software is written in C++. Initialization of required evaluated data is performed dynamically whenever the modeling code encounters a nuclide not accounted for yet. It enables us to significantly reduce the amount of requested memory for extended systems with large number of materials.
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPWA066

Simulation on Buildup of Electron Cloud in Rapid Cycling Synchrotron of China Spallation Neutron Source

electron, proton, simulation, vacuum

275

K.W. Li, L. Huang, Y.D. Liu, S. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11275221)
Electron cloud interaction with high energy positive beam are believed responsible for various undesirable effects such as vacuum degradation, collective beam instability and even beam loss in high power proton circular accelerator. An important uncertainty in predicting electron cloud instability lies in the detail processes on the generation and accumulation of the electron cloud. The simulation on the build-up of electron cloud is necessary to further studies on beam instability caused by electron cloud. China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is the largest scientific project in building, whose accelerator complex includes two main parts: an H⁻ linac and a rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS). The RCS accumulates the 80 MeV proton beam and accelerates it to 1.6 GeV with a repetition rate 25 Hz. During the beam injection with lower energy, the emerging electron cloud may cause a serious instability and beam loss on the vacuum pipe. A simulation code has been developed to simulate the build-up, distribution and density of electron cloud in CSNS/RCS.

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MOPHA025

Control System for FRANZ Facility

controls, ion, ion-source, proton

830

S.M. Alzubaidi, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger, C. Wagner
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The Frankfurt Neutron Source at the Stern- Gerlach Zentrum (FRANZ) will use the reaction of 7Li(p, n)7Be to produce an intense neutron beam. The neutron energy will be between 10 and 500 keV depending on the primary proton beam, which is variable between 1.8 and 2.2 MeV. A volume type ion source will be used to deliver a 120 keV proton beam with currents up to 200 mA. Like any other facility, FRANZ will need a powerful and reliable control system that also allows monitoring the whole accelerator target areas and experiments. Also interlock and safety systems have to be included to protect personnel from radiation hazards associated with accelerator operations and accompanying experiments. The FRANZ control system is still under development. The ion source will be the first element to be controlled, and to gain experience. A test ion source will be used for testing and examining the performance of this control system. In this paper, the plasma properties, filament ageing and an internal control loop for stable beam production with respect to controlling issues will be discussed.

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MOPHA041

Laser Wire Based Transverse Emittance Measurement of H⁻ Beam at Spallation Neutron Source

emittance, laser, electron, dipole

879

Y. Liu, A.V. Aleksandrov, C.D. Long, A.A. Menshov, A.P. Zhukov
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
A laser wire based transverse emittance measurement system has been developed at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). The system enables a nonintrusive measurement of the transverse emittance in both directions on a 925 MeV/1 MW hydrogen ion (H⁻) beam at the high energy beam transport (HEBT) beam line.

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MOPHA052

Optimization of ILC Cryomodule Design Using Explosion Welding Technology

cryomodule, niobium, cryogenics, cavity

913

A. Basti
University of Pisa and INFN, Pisa, Italy
F. Bedeschi
INFN-Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Ju. Boudagov, B.M. Sabirov, G. Shirkov, Yu.V. Taran
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
A. Bryzgalin, L. Dobrushin, S. Illarionov, E. Pekar
PWI, Kiev, Ukraine
P. Fabbricatore
INFN Genova, Genova, Italy

Optimization of ILC cryomodule design using explosion welding technology. B.Sabirov, J.Budagov, G.Shirkov - JINR, Dubna, Russia A.Basti, F.Bedeschi, P.Fabbricatore - INFN, Pisa/Genova, Italy A.Bryzgalin, L.Dobrushin, S.Illarionov, E.Pekar - EWI, Kiev, Ukraine JINR activity in the ILC Project is the development, in association with INFN, of techniques to simplify and make cheaper the construction of the ILC cryomodules. In the current ILC TDR design both the helium vessel shell and the connected pipes are made of expensive titanium, one of the few metals that can be welded to niobium by the electron beam technique. We describe the construction and performance of transition elements, obtained by explosion welding, that can couple the niobium cavity with a stainless steel helium vessel. Several designs for these transitions have been produced and studied showing varying levels of reliability. Based on this experience a new design, including a minimal titanium intermediate layer, has been built. Preliminary tests yield impressive results, indicating a very strong resistance of the bon

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MOPTY045

ESS Availability and Reliability Approach

experiment, operation, proton, target

1033

E. Bargalló, K.H. Andersen, R. Andersson, A. De Isusi, A. Nordt, E.J. Pitcher
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Reliability and availability are key metrics for achieving the scientific vision of the ESS. The approach taken to analyze and to improve these metrics in order to achieve the goals is described in this contribution. The methodology used to obtain the requirements considers not only the availability and reliability figures but also the specific needs extracted from users expectations from the neutron source in order to succeed in their experiments. A top-down requirements allocation is being developed at the same time that bottom-up reliability and availability analyses is being performed. The experiments expected at ESS and their needs in terms of neutron beam performance (reliability, availability and quality) are described as well as the tools used to analyze it. Moreover, the consequences of these analyses in the design phase are discussed.

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MOPTY046

Personnel Safety Systems for the European Spallation Source

radiation, PLC, target, controls

1036

S.L. Birch, A. Nordt, D. Paulic
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Providing and assuring safe conditions for personnel is a key parameter required to operate the European Spallation Source (ESS). The ESS will be responsible for developing all of the facility personnel safety related systems. All of these systems will be developed by the Integrated Control Systems Division (ICS) and all will be designed, manufactured, commissioned and operated in accordance with the IEC61508 standard, with regard to functional safety for Electrical/Electronic and Programmable Electronic (E/E/PE) safety related systems. This paper describes the ESS Personnel safety system’s scope, strategy, initial design requirements, and methodology but also provides an update of the system design progress so far.

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MOPTY048

Machine Protection Strategy for the ESS

operation, controls, proton, target

1042

A. Nordt, T. Friedrich, T. Korhonen
ESS, Lund, Sweden
C. Hilbes
ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland

The ESS proton beam power of 125MW per pulse (5MW average) will be unprecedented and its uncontrolled release could lead to serious damage of equipment within a few microseconds only. To optimize the operational efficiency of the ESS facility allowing for very high beam availability with high reliability towards the end-users, accidents should be avoided and interruptions of beam operation have to be rare and limited to a short time. Finding the right balance between efficient protection of equipment from damage and high beam availability is the key idea on which the ESS Machine Protection Strategy is being based on. Implementing and realizing the measures needed to provide the correct level of machine protection in case of a complex facility like the ESS, requires a systematic approach, which will be discussed in this paper. A method of how to derive machine protection relevant requirements and how to assure completeness of these will be outlined as well.

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TUXB1

FRANZ and Small-Scale Accelerator-Driven Neutron Sources

proton, target, rfq, operation

1276

C. Wiesner, S.M. Alzubaidi, M. Droba, M. Heilmann, O. Hinrichs, B. Klump, O. Meusel, D. Noll, O. Payir, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp, S. Schmidt, P.P. Schneider, M. Schwarz, W. Schweizer, K. Volk, C. Wagner
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
R. Reifarth
IKF, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany

This paper gives an overview of the opportunities and challenges of high-intensity, low-energy light-ion accelerators for neutron production. Applications of this technology range from the study of stellar nucleosynthesis and astrophysical phenomena to medical applications such as Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The paper includes details of the FRANZ facility, under development at Frankfurt University.

Slides TUXB1 [3.514 MB]

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TUPTY015

Study on the transverse painting during the injection process for CSNS/RCS

injection, proton, linac, target

2025

M.Y. Huang, L. Huang, N. Huang, J. Qiu, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11205185, 11175020, 11175193 )
For the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), a combination of the H⁻ stripping and phase space painting method is used to accumulate a high intensity beam in the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS). In this paper, firstly, the injection processes with different painting ranges and different painting methods were studied. With the codes ORBIT and MATLAB, the particle distribution and painting image were obtained. Then, the reasonable painting range which is suitable for the aperture size and magnet gap can be selected. Since the real field uniformity of BH3 and BV3 is not completely in conformity with the design requirement, the painting method and painting range also need to be selected to reduce the effects of bad field uniformity.

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TUPWI009

Development of Un-destructive Inspection System for Large Concrete Infrastructure by using Accelerator Based Compact Neutron Source

detector, target, proton, photon

2262

A. Taketani, H. Baba, T. Hashiguchi, G. Hu, Y. Ikeda, Q. Jia, H. Ota, Y. Otake, Y. Seki, S. Wang, Y. Yamagata, S. Yanagimachi
RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
K. Hirota
Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
K. Kino
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
S. Tanaka
KEK, Tsukuba, Japan

Aged large concrete structure, such as highway, bridges and so on, need to be inspected in order to maintain with less cost by un-destructive method. We have been developing un-destructive inspection system by using fast neutron which can penetrate thick concrete. The system will be consisted of (1) Transportable Accelerator based Neutron Source, (2) Fast neutron imaging detector, and (3) Image processing for getting 3D image. RIKEN Accelerator based compact Neutron Source (RANS), which consists of 7MeV proton LINAC and target station, has been operating since 2013. RANS can generate thermal (~25meV) and fast (~2MeV) neutron. Fast neutron detector are developed with plastic scintillator and semiconductor photon sensors. It can see 10mm thick steel rod with 2mm accuracy through 300mm thick concrete.

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TUPWI019

Neutron Shielding Optimization Studies

shielding, target, detector, proton

2282

A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
J.R. Alonso, L.M. Bartoszek, J.M. Conrad
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
M. Shaevitz
Columbia University, New York, USA

The IsoDAR sterile-neutrino search calls for a high neutron flux from a 60 MeV proton beam striking a beryllium target, that flood a sleeve of highly-enriched ⁷Li, the beta-decay of the resulting ⁸Li giving the desired neutrinos for the very-short-baseline experiment. The target is placed very close to an existing large neutrino detector; all such existing or planned detectors are deep underground, in low-background environments. It is necessary to design a shielding enclosure to prevent neutrons from causing unacceptable activation of the environment. GEANT4 is being used to study neutron attenuation, and optimizing the layers of shielding material to minimize thickness. Materials being studied include iron and two new types of concrete developed by Jefferson Laboratory, one very light with shredded plastic aggregate, the other with high quantities of boron. Initial studies indicate that a total shielding thickness of 1.5 meters produces the required attenuation factor, further studies may allow decrease in thickness. Minimizing it will reduce the amount of cavity excavation needed to house the target system in confined underground spaces.

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TUPWI022

GEM*STAR Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System for Improved Safety, Waste Management, and Plutonium Disposition

target, proton, simulation, operation

2289

R.P. Johnson, R.J. Abrams, M.A.C. Cummings, G. Flanagan, T.J. Roberts
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
C. Bowman
ADNA, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
R.B. Vogelaar
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

Operation of high-power SRF particle accelerators at two US national laboratories allows us to consider a less-expensive nuclear reactor that operates without the need for a critical core, fuel enrichment, or reprocessing. A multipurpose reactor design that takes advantage of this new accelerator capability includes an internal spallation neutron target and high-temperature molten-salt fuel with continuous purging of volatile radioactive fission products. The reactor contains less than a critical mass and almost a million times fewer volatile radioactive fission products than conventional reactors like those at Fukushima. We describe GEM*STAR *, a reactor that without redesign will burn spent nuclear fuel, natural uranium, thorium, or surplus weapons material. A first application is to burn 34 tonnes of excess weapons grade plutonium as an important step in nuclear disarmament under the 2000 Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement **. The process heat generated by this W-Pu can be used for the Fischer-Tropsch conversion of natural gas and renewable carbon into 42 billion gallons of low-CO2-footprint, drop-in, synthetic diesel fuel for the DOD.
* Charles D. Bowman, R. Bruce Vogelaar, et al., Handbook of Nuclear Engineering, Springer Science+Business Media LLC (2010).
** http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2010/04/140097.htm

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TUPWI026

A Monochromatic Gamma Source without Neutrons

photon, proton, rfq, DTL

2292

R.W. Garnett, S.S. Kurennoy, L. Rybarcyk, T.N. Taddeucci
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.
High-energy gamma rays can be efficiently produced using the direct excitation of the 15.1-MeV level in 12C via the (p, p’) reaction. This reaction has the threshold energy of 16.38 MeV. The threshold for neutron production via 12C (p, n) is 19.66 MeV, so there is an energy window of 3.28 MeV where the 15.1-MeV photons can be produced without any direct neutrons. Thick-target yield estimates indicate that just below the neutron production threshold, the photon output is about twice that of the more well-known 11B (d, n) reaction requiring 4-MeV deuterons, with the expected 15.1-MeV photon flux to be approximately 10¹¹ s^-1 sr^-1 per 1 mA of 19.6-MeV proton current on a carbon target. A compact pulsed proton accelerator capable of 10-mA or greater peak currents to drive such a gamma source will be presented. The accelerator concept is based on a 4-rod RFQ followed by compact H-mode structures with PMQ focusing.

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WEXC3

Improving the Energy Efficiency of Accelerator Facilities

klystron, radiation, operation, synchrotron

2428

M. Seidel
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
R. Gehring
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
E. Jensen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
T.I. Parker
ESS, Lund, Sweden
P.J. Spiller, J. Stadlmann
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

New particle accelerator based research facilities tend to be much more productive, but often in coincidence with much higher energy consumption. The total energy consumption of mankind is steeply rising, while some European countries decided to terminate nuclear power generation and to switch to renewable energy production. Also the CO2 problem gives rise to new approaches for energy production and in all strategies the efficiency of utilization of electrical energy plays an important role. For the public acceptance of particle accelerator projects it is thus very important to optimize them for best utilization of electrical energy and to show these efforts to funding bodies and to the public. Within the European accelerator development program Eucard-2 we organise a network EnEfficient that aims at improving the energy efficiency of accelerators. In this paper we give some background information on the political situation, we describe the power flow in accelerator facilities and we give examples for developments of efficient accelerator systems, such as magnets, RF generation and beam acceleration, heat recovery and energy management.

Slides WEXC3 [2.611 MB]

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WEPWA019

Development of Accelerator-driven Compact Neutron Sources

target, proton, radiation, status

2535

K. Hirota, G. Ichikawa, M. Kitaguchi, Y. Kiyanagi, H.M. Shimizu, K. Tsuchida, A. Uritani, K. Watanabe
Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

Neutron is a very good probe to investigate the inner structure of materials. The large neutron facilities like J-PARC MLF and SNS were constructed in this decade, and ESS facility are start to construct. These large facilities are very good tools to study in academic field. But the construction cost is increasing and it is hard to construct at many facilities. And also it is hard to get long beam time. One of the solution of these problems are constructing Compact Accelerator-driven Neutron Source (CANS). We will present the current situation of CANS and the status of the facility of Nagoya University.

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WEPJE016

INTENSE MUON BEAMS FROM THE CSNS SPALLATION TARGET

target, solenoid, proton, experiment

2708

Y. Bao, G.G. Hanson
UCR, Riverside, California, USA

Intense muon beams are useful for a wide range of physics experiments. Currently most of the muon beams are produced by protons hitting thin targets sitting upstream of spallation neutron targets. The intensity of the muons is greatly limited by the small thickness of the muon targets, which are intended to have minimum impact on the proton beams. When the majority of the proton beam hits the spallation target, a large number of pions/muons are produced. After being captured in a solenoidal magnetic field, a high intensity muon beam can be produced. In this paper we take the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) target as an example and investigate the production of high intensity muon beams. Two possibilities are presented in this paper: an upstream collection of surface muons and a downstream collection of pions which is followed by a decay and compress channel to obtain a high intensity muon beam. Simulations show both methods can reach high intensities which could significantly increase the statistics of many experiments.

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WEPMA045

Energy Deposition and DPA in the Superconducting Links for the HiLumi LHC project at the LHC Interaction Points

photon, luminosity, simulation, radiation

2865

F. Broggi, A. Bignami, C. Santini
INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
A. Ballarino, F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: The work is part of HiLumi LHC Design Study, partly funded by the European Commission, GA 284404, and included in the High Luminosity LHC project.
In the framework of the upgrade of the LHC machine, the powering of the LHC magnets foresees the removal of the power converters and distribution feedboxes from the tunnel and its location at the surface[1]. The Magnesium Diboride (MgB2) connecting lines in the tunnel will be exposed to the debris from 7+7 TeV p-p interaction. The Superconducting (SC) Links will arrive from the surface to the tunnel near the separation dipole, at about 80 m from the Interaction Point at IP1 and IP5. The Connection Box (where the cables of the SC Links are connected to the NbTi bus bar) will be close to the beam pipe. The debris and its effect on the MgB2 SC links in the connection box (energy deposition and displacement per atom) are presented. The effect of thermal neutrons on the Boron consumption and the contribution of the lithium nucleus and the alpha particle on the DPA are evaluated. The results are normalized to an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb-1, value that represents the LHC High Luminosity lifetime. The dose delivered to the SC Links is found to be below the damage limit. Further studies are necessary to correlate the induced displacement per atom to the superconducting properties.

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WEPMA057

Development of HTS magnets

dipole, cyclotron, target, ion

2905

K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, K. Kamakura, T. Saito, H. Ueda, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

We have been developing magnets utilizing high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wires for this decade. We built three model magnets, a mirror coil for an ECR ion source, a set of coils for a scanning magnet and a super-ferric dipole magnet to generate magnetic field of 3 T. They were excited with AC/pulse currents as well as DC currents. Recently we fabricated a cylindrical magnet for a practical use which polarizes ultracold neutrons (UCN). It consists of 10 double pancakes and the field strength at the center is higher than 3.5 T which is required to fully polarize 210 neV neutrons. It was successfully cooled and excited. The magnet was used to polarized UCN generated by the RCNP-KEK superthermal UCN source, One dipole magnet has been manufactured which is used as a switching magnet after the RCNP ring cyclotron and is excited by pulse currents. It becomes possible to deliver beams to two experimental halls by time sharing. Their designs and performances are presented in the talk.

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WEPMN008

Material Test of Proton Beam Window for CSNS

experiment, proton, target, operation

2927

H.J. Wang, L. Kang, H. Qu, L. Wu, D.H. Zhu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The proton beam window (PBW) is one of the key devices of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). Material selection is of particular importance. A5083-O was selected in the previous work, and recently the material tests were done. The tests showed the material has good microstructure, physical and mechanical performance. Creep lifetime was analyzed based on the creep test. All the experiment showed the selected material is qualified.

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WEPHA060

5MW Power Upgrade Studies of the ISIS TS1 Target

target, proton, scattering, simulation

3253

C. Bungau, A. Bungau, R. Cywinski, T.R. Edgecock
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
C.N. Booth, L. Zang
Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom

The increasing demand for neutron production at the ISIS neutron spallation source has motivated a study of an upgrade of the production target TS1. This study focuses on a 5 MW power upgrade and complete redesign of the ISIS TS1 spallation target, reflector and neutron moderators. The optimisation of the target-moderator arrangement was done in order to obtain the maximum neutron output per unit input power. In addition, at each step of this optimisation study, the heat load and thermal stresses were calculated to ensure the target can sustain the increase in the beam power.

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WEPTY042

Pulsed Power Systems for ESS Klystrons

klystron, high-voltage, operation, electronics

3368

M.P.J. Gaudreau, M.K. Kempkes, I. Roth
Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
P.A. Dupire
Sigma Phi Electronics, Wissembourg, France
J.D. Holzmann
Sigmaphi, Vannes, France

Funding: DE-SC0004254
Under an SBIR from DOE, Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) has designed and built an advanced, high-voltage solid-state modulator for long pulse klystrons for ESS. In 2014, DTI, in partnership with SigmaPhi Electronics, received two contracts for production and installation of this design for ESS-class modulators, which will be used for the testing and conditioning of ESS klystron tubes and testing of RF components. This modulator design uses a hybrid configuration (solid state switch and pulse transformer) with an advanced switching regulator to maintain a very flat voltage into the klystron over multi-millisecond pulses. This paper will describe the design and testing of these modulators, and the status of their installation. The major development introduced in this design is that the millisecond-long pulses produce a droop voltage of about 10% with a reasonably-sized capacitor bank–much larger than the 1% droop required. To eliminate the droop without a large and expensive capacitor bank, the modulator uses a non-dissipative regulator.

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WEPTY084

Cooling Systems for the New 201.25 MHz Final Power Amplifiers at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE)

DTL, hardware, cavity, controls

3479

W.C. Barkley, C.E. Buechler, J.T.M. Lyles, A.C. Naranjo
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
D. Baca, R.E. Bratton
Compa Industries, Inc., Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Funding: Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36.
Two new 201.25 MHz RF Final Power Amplifiers (FPAs) have been designed, fabricated, assembled, installed and successfully tested at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), in Module 2 of the Drift Tube Linac. These production units were fabricated at Continental Electronics Corporation. In this paper, we summarize the FPAs air and water cooling requirements and cooling systems.

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THXC2

Ion Beam Therapy with Ions Heavier than Protons: Performance and Prospects

ion, proton, radiation, shielding

3654

U. Linz
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

Starting from a short discussion on the pros and cons of heavier ions for therapy, the presentation will concentrate on two aspects of the therapy with ions heavier than protons: technical equipment and choice of ion. As major components of an IBT facility, accelerator and gantry issues will dominate the part on equipment. Biophysical, medical, and economical considerations will be discussed in the part featuring the choice of the proper ion.

Slides THXC2 [10.744 MB]

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THPF075

Proton Beam of 2 MeV 1.6 mA on a Tandem Accelerator with Vacuum Insulation

vacuum, proton, ion, high-voltage

3854

S.Yu. Taskaev, D.A. Kasatov, A.S. Kuznetsov, A.N. Makarov, I.M. Shchudlo, I.N. Sorokin
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The research is conducted with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (a unique identifier for applied scientific research – RFMEFI60414X0066).
New type of charged particles accelerator, tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation, was proposed in BINP. The accelerator is characterized by fast acceleration of charged particles, long distance between ion beam and insulator (on which electrodes are mounted), big stored energy in the accelerating gaps and strong input electrostatic lens. High-voltage strength of vacuum gaps, dark currents, ion beam focusing, accelerating and stripping were investigated. Stationary proton beam with 2 MeV energy, 1.6 mA current has just been obtained. The beam is characterized by high energy monochromaticity – 0.1%, and high current stability – 0.5%. Here we report the results of these investigations and discuss the proposal for obtaining 2.5 MeV 3 mA proton beam. The accelerator is considered to be a part of epithermal neutron source for boron neutron capture therapy and monoenergetic neutron source for calibration of dark matter detector.

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THPF079

A Planning and Scheduling System for the ESS Accelerator Project

controls, linac, project-management, cryomodule

3867

L. Lari, M.J. Conlon, H. Danared, L. Gunnarsson, G. Jacobsson, M. Jakobsson, M. Lindroos, E. Tanke, J.G. Weisend
ESS, Lund, Sweden
P. Bonnal, L. Lari
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Constructing a large, international research infrastructure is a complex task, especially when a large fraction of the equipment is delivered as in-kind contributions. A mature project management approach is essential to lead the planning and construction to deliver scientifically and technically. The purpose of this paper is to present how the ESS accelerator project is managed in terms of planning and scheduling from the design phase until commissioning, keeping time, budgets and resources constraints, as well as creating and maintaining a strong and trust-based partnership with the external contributors.

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THPF102

Verification of the Neutron Mirror Capabilities in MCNPX via Gold Foil Measurements at the EIGER Instrument Beamline at the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ)

target, simulation, proton, scattering

3949

R.M. Bergmann, U. Filges, S.H. Forss, E. Rantsiou, D. Reggiani, T. Reiss, U. Stuhr, V. Talanov, M. Wohlmuther
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The EIGER triple-axis thermal neutron spectrometer beamline contains “supermirror” neutron guides, which preferentially reflect low-energy neutrons toward the EIGER spectrometer that come from the ambient temperature, light water neutron source in SINQ. Gold foil measurements have been performed at the EIGER beamline in 2013. This process can be modeled from incident proton to thermal neutron exiting the EIGER beamline by using the neutron mirror capabilities of MCNPX, which should be more accurate than simulations with simplified neutron source distributions and geometry representations. The supermirror reflectivity parameters have been measured previously and are used in MCNPX 2.7.0 to reproduce the activity measured from the gold foil irradiation, verifying the neutron mirror modeling capabilities in MCNPX 2.7.0.

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THPF106

Review of Linac Upgrade Options for the ISIS Spallation Neutron Source

linac, DTL, proton, cavity

3962

D.C. Plostinar, C.R. Prior, G.H. Rees
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The ISIS Spallation Neutron Source at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory has recently celebrated 30 years of neutron production. However, with increasing demand for improved reliability and higher beam power it has become clear that a machine upgrade is necessary in the medium to long term. One of the upgrade options is to replace the existing 70 MeV H⁻ injector. In this paper we review the ongoing upgrade programme and highlight three linac upgrade scenarios now under study. The first option is to keep the existing infrastructure and replace the current linac with a higher frequency, more efficient machine. This would allow energies in excess of 100 MeV to be achieved in the same tunnel length. A second option is to replace the current linac with a new 180 MeV linac, requiring a new tunnel. A third option is part of a larger upgrade scenario and involves the construction of an 800 MeV superconducting linac.

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THPF123

Modeling Proton- and Light Ion-Induced Reactions at Low Energies in the MARS15 Code

proton, target, ion, light-ion

4003

I.L. Rakhno, N.V. Mokhov
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
K. K. Gudima
Institute of Applied Physics, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

Funding: This work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Correct predictions of secondary particles generated in proton-nucleus interactions below a few tens of MeV is required for radiation studies for front-end of many proton accelerators, energy deposition studies for detectors, radiation damage calculations. Cascade models of various flavors fail to properly describe this energy region. Therefore, we opted to use the existing TENDL library provided in the ENDF/B format in the energy range from 1 to 200 MeV. A much more time-consuming approach utilized in a modified code ALICE was also looked at. For both the options, the energy and angle distributions of all secondary particles are described with the Kalbach-Mann systematics. The following secondaries are taken into account: gammas, nucleons, deuterons, tritons, He-3, He-4 and all generated residual nuclei. Comparisons with experimental data for both the options are presented. The corresponding software is written in C++. Initialization of required evaluated data is performed dynamically whenever the modeling code encounters a nuclide not accounted for yet. It enables us to significantly reduce the amount of requested memory for extended systems with large number of materials.

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