IPAC2015 - List of Keywords (injection)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOXGB3	LHC Commissioning at Higher Energy	operation, dipole, hardware, cryogenics	6
	P. Collier, F. Bordry, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The LHC has just come to the end of its first Long Shutdown (LS1) and preparations are underway to prepare for Run 2 data taking at 13 TeV centre of mass energy. After briefly recalling the major work undertaken during the 2-year long LS1, details will be given of the cool-down and hardware commissioning phase where each individual superconducting circuit is individually qualified for operation at nominal current. For the main dipole circuits this phase was completed with a quench training campaign in order to operate reliably at the required field. In parallel to the training campaign a rigorous cold checkout has been used to qualify the machine as an ensemble and to establish the conditions necessary for beam operation. The details of this phase will be given together with associated dry runs and beam injection tests. Finally, the latest news will be presented concerning the beam commissioning of the machine in preparation for first physics operation, which will hopefully begin in June.
	Slides MOXGB3 [8.452 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOXGB3
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MOAB3	Commissioning Results of the New BPM Electronics of the ESRF Booster Synchrotron	booster, electronics, extraction, controls	24
	M. Cargnelutti I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia K.B. Scheidt ESRF, Grenoble, France
	The 75 BPM stations of the Booster Synchrotron of the ESRF have been equiped with new RF electronics from December 2014. This new BPM system is based on the commercial Libera-Spark system and now provides beam position data at various output rates, and with a possible time resolution even below that of the orbit-turn time (1 us). All modules are situated inside the Booster tunnel and powered by an Ethernet cable. This implies that the RF cables from the BPM blocks are less then 3 m and only a single trigger signal in daisy chain is sufficient to keep the 75 stations in turn-by-turn phase over the full energy ramping (200 MeV to 6 GeV) time of typically 50 ms. The high sensitivity of the system yields excellent performance at very low beam currents down to 1 0uA. Full results of the system, including the application as a high quality betatron tune monitor, will be presented.
	Slides MOAB3 [5.781 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOAB3
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MOBB1	Status of the Proton Beam Commissioning at the MedAustron Ion Beam Therapy Centre	proton, acceleration, extraction, synchrotron	28
	A. Garonna, M. Kronberger, T.K.D. Kulenkampff, C. Kurfürst, F. Osmić, L.C. Penescu, M.T.F. Pivi, C. Schmitzer, P. Urschütz, A. Wastl EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
	The MedAustron accelerator, located in Wiener Neustadt (Austria), will deliver clinical beams of protons (60-250 MeV) and carbon ions (120-400 MeV/n) to three ion beam therapy irradiation rooms (IR). Clinical beams and proton beams up to 800 MeV will be provided in a fourth IR, dedicated to non-clinical research. A slow-extracted proton beam of maximum clinical energy has been delivered for the first time in IR3 in October 2014, thus providing the technical proof-of-principle of the accelerator chain. The recent related beam commissioning efforts included setting up of the multi-turn injection into the synchrotron at 7 MeV, the acceleration on first harmonic up to 250 MeV, the slow extraction on the third integer resonance with a betatron core and the matching of the High Energy Beam Transfer line. The accelerator optimization phase leading to IR3 medical commissioning of proton beams is ongoing. The main characteristics of the MedAustron accelerator system will be presented, along with the results obtained during the commissioning process.
	Slides MOBB1 [6.596 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOBB1
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MOPWA002	Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions in Crossed-Field Devices	electron, cathode, space-charge, simulation	74
	S. Marini, R. Pakter, F.B. Rizzato IF-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
	Funding: This work was partially supported by CNPq and FAPERGS, Brazil, and by the US-AFOSR under the grant FA9550-09-1-0283. This work presents a fully kinetic description to model the electron flow in the electronic crossed-field configuration observed in a smooth-bore magnetron. Through this model, it has been observed that, according to the electromagnetic field, the injection temperature and the charge density, the electron flow can be classified in two different stationary modes: magnetic insulation mode where most of the electrons returning to the cathode after a transient time and Child-Langmuir mode where most of the electrons reach the anode after a transient time. Focusing on magnetic insulated mode, it has been found that charge density and injection temperature define whether electrons are accelerated (accelerating regime) or decelerated (space-charge limited regime) on the cathode. Besides, when the injection temperature is relatively low (high), a small charge increase causes (does not cause) an abrupt transition between accelerating and space-charge limited regime. Basing on the results, it was possible to identify a critical temperature that separates abrupt and continuous behavior. The results have been verified by using self-consistent computer simulations. S. Marini, F. B. Rizzato, and R. Pakter, Phys. Plasmas 21, 083111 (2014).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPWA002
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MOPWA026	Demonstration of Flat Ion Beam Creation and Injection into a Synchrotron	emittance, solenoid, synchrotron, ion	153
	L. Groening, S. Appel, L.H.J. Bozyk, Y. El Hayek, M.T. Maier, C. Xiao GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	At GSI an ion beam with different horizontal and vertical emittances has been created from a beam with initially equal emittances. This round-to-flat adoption has been accomplished without any beam loss. In the set-up the beam passes through a stripping foil placed inside a solenoid followed by a skewed quadrupole triplet. The amount of beam flatness has been controlled by setting the solenoid field strength only. Increase of the product of the two transverse emittances is purely due to the stripping process that occurs anyway along an ion linac. Beams with different amounts of flatness were injected into a synchrotron applying horizontal multi-turn injection. The efficiency of injection increased as smaller as the horizontal emittance was set by the round-to-flat adaptor.
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MOPWA036	Status of Injection Studies into the Figure-8 Storage Ring	simulation, experiment, kicker, ion	187
	J.F. Wagner, A. Ates, M. Droba, O. Meusel, H. Niebuhr, D. Noll, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The ongoing investigations on the design of the Figure-8 Storage Ring* at Frankfurt University focus on the beam injection. The research includes simulations as well as a scaled down experiment. The studies for an optimized adiabatic magnetic injection channel, starting from a moderate magnetic field up to a maximum of 6 Tesla, with a realistic field model of toroidal coils due to beam dynamics with space charge will be shown. For the envisaged ExB kicker system the simulations deal with beam potential constraints and a multi-turn injection concept in combination with an adiabatic magnetic compression. To investigate the concept of the beam injection into a toroidal magnetic field, a scaled down room temperature experiment is implemented at the university. It is composed of two 30 degree toroidal segments, two volume ion sources, two solenoids and two different types of beam detectors. The experiment is used to investigate the beam transport and dynamics of the laterally injected and “circulating” beam through the magnetic configuration. To set up the injection experiment, theoretical calculations and beam simulations with bender** are used. * M. Droba et al., Proc. of IPAC'14, Dresden, Germany, TUPRO045 ** D. Noll, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger, K. Schulte, C.Wiesner, Proc. of HB2014, East Lansing, USA, WEO4LR02
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MOPWA053	Emittance Preservation in SuperKEKB Injector	emittance, wakefield, simulation, linac	239
	S. Kazama, Y. Ogawa, M. Satoh, H. Sugimoto, M. Yoshida KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Injector linac at KEK is now under the way to produce high current and low emittance beams for SuperKEKB. The target luminosity for SuperKEKB is 40 times higher than that of KEKB. Short-range transverse wakefield and dispersive effects at the linac cause an emittance growth, and longitudinal wakefield effect enlarges an energy spread of the beams. In this presentation, we will report simulation studies of the emittance preservation issues and how to suppress the increase of the energy spread of the beams.
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MOPWA058	Measurement Results of the Impedance of the RF-cavity at the RCS in J-PARC	impedance, cavity, kicker, proton	255
	Y. Shobuda, H. Harada, H. Hotchi JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	The kicker impedance dominates at the RCS in J-PARC. Recently, we observe beam instabilities, which are not explained by the kicker. As a candidate causing the beam instability, the impedance of the RF-cavity is measured. The longitudinal impedance is measured by stretching a single-wire inside the cavity. On the other hand, the measurement of the transverse impedance is done by horizontally shifting the single-wire, due to the accuracy problem. The measured impedance is too low to explain the beam instability.
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MOPJE009	Lattice Design of the SSRF-U Storage Ring	emittance, storage-ring, lattice, dynamic-aperture	304
	S.Q. Tian, B.C. Jiang, M.Z. Zhang, Q.L. Zhang, Z.T. Zhao SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	Multi-Bend Achromatic (MBA) cell has been well known to significantly reduce the beam emittance of the synchrotron radiation light sources in the past two decades. With the great development of the high gradient magnets, the small-aperture vacuum chamber and the precise alignment, the ultimate-emittance ring based on MBA lattice became practical in recent years. We present a preliminary lattice design for the upgraded SSRF storage ring based on a 7BA lattice in this paper. The circumference and the number of the straight sections are preserved for the existing tunnel. The beam energy is reduced to 3 GeV, and the beam emittance is reduced to about 200 pm.rad. The optimized dynamic aperture is about 10 mm in the horizontal plane, and a sufficient beam injection based on the closed orbit bump can be implemented.
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MOPJE015	Compensations of the DEPU Effects at the SSRF Storage Ring	quadrupole, coupling, dynamic-aperture, sextupole	307
	M.Z. Zhang, B.C. Jiang, J.H. Tan, S.Q. Tian, M. Zhang, Q.L. Zhang SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	A paired APPLE-II type Ellipsoid Polarized Undulator（DEPU）has been installed in the SSRF storage ring which can be mechanically switched between two undulators with difference period length. One of them get notable effects on the optics including CODs, tune, coupling and dynamic aperture. We report in this paper, feed forward tables of correctors, quadrupoles and skew quarupoles are used for the optics correction and sextupole optimization is used for the dynamic aperture recovery.
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MOPJE027	Beam-based Impedance Characterization of the ALBA Pinger Magnet	impedance, simulation, vacuum, synchrotron	334
	U. Iriso, T.F.G. Günzel ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain H. Bartosik, E. Koukovini-Platia, G. Rumolo CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The ALBA pinger magnet consists on two short kickers (for horizontal and vertical planes) installed in a single Titanium coated ceramic vacuum chamber. Single bunch measurements in the vertical plane were performed in the ALBA Synchrotron Light Source before and after the pinger installation, and by comparing the Transverse Mode Coupling Instability (TMCI) thresholds for zero chromaticity, we infer the pinger impedance and compare it with the model predictions. We also perform measurements for negative chromaticities and results are reported in this paper.
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MOPJE038	Impedance Studies of the LHC Injection Kicker Magnets for HL-LHC	impedance, coupling, kicker, simulation	370
	H.A. Day, M.J. Barnes, L.M.C. Feliciano CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The LHC injection kicker magnets (MKIs) experienced strong heating during the first operational run, identified as being caused by power loss due to wakefields induced by stored beam. Studies of the beam coupling impedance of the beam screen, a series of conductors embedded in a ceramic tube placed in the ferrite yoke to screen the ferrite from the beam, resulted in new design offering improved screening: this is predicted to reduce the heating to acceptable levels for operation with 25ns beam during Run 2 of the LHC. However higher beam intensities proposed for HL-LHC operation are predicted to again cause strong heating to occur. Further studies have been carried out to reduce the beam induced power loss by optimising the beam screen design, some key results and findings of which are presented here.
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MOPJE042	Longitudinal Injection Schemes For the CERN PS Booster at 160 MeV Including Space Charge Effects	space-charge, linac, simulation, emittance	378
	V. Forte, E. Benedetto, A.M. Lombardi, D. Quartullo CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In the frame of the LHC Injectors Upgrade project, the CERN PS Booster will be equipped with a H⁻ injection system at 160 MeV to tailor the initial transverse and longitudinal profiles. We are here reviewing the different multi-turn longitudinal injection schemes, from the beam dynamics point of view, taking into account the needs of the large variety of the PSB users, spanning in intensity from 5·10⁹ to about 1.6·10¹³ protons per bunch. The baseline of the longitudinal injection has always been the longitudinal stacking with central energy modulation: this scheme has the advantage of filling uniformly the RF bucket and mitigate transverse space charge, but it requires at least 40 turns of injection. A simpler injection protocol without energy modulation is here analyzed in detail to find the optimum initial conditions in terms of bucket filling and reduction of transverse and longitudinal space charge effects, with the advantage of minimizing the number of turns for the LHC beams. Simulations with space charge of the longitudinal injection process from different Linac4 trains are presented to fix possible longitudinal injection scenarios during the future commissioning and operation with Linac4.
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MOPJE048	Electron-Cloud Studies for Transversely Split Beams	electron, resonance, simulation, extraction	399
	N. Pradhan, S.S. Gilardoni, M. Giovannozzi, G. Iadarola, G. Rumolo CERN, Geneva, Switzerland N. Pradhan UMiss, University, Mississippi, USA
	Recently, resonance crossing has been proposed as a means of manipulating the transverse beam distribution. This technique has application, among other topics, to injection and extraction schemes. Moreover, the transversely split beams might also be used as a mitigation measure of electron-cloud effects. The results of detailed numerical simulations are discussed in this paper, possibly opening new options for scrubbing of beam pipes in circular accelerators.
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MOPJE070	Reduction of Electron Cloud in Particle Accelerator Beampipes Studied by RF Multipacting	electron, vacuum, detector, network	472
	R. Leber, F. Caspers, P. Costa Pinto, M. Taborelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	For a given beam structure, chamber geometry and magnetic field configuration, the electron cloud (EC) intensity depends on the Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) of the beam pipe. The reduction of the EC density as a function of machine operation time (scrubbing) is attributed to the growth of a low SEY carbon film induced by electron bombardment. In this paper, we study the time evolution of the conditioning of stainless steel beam pipes in a laboratory setup. The EC or multipacting is induced by Radio-Frequency (RF) fields in a coaxial resonator under vacuum. Strip detectors are used to monitor the current of the EC. Induced pressure rise is simultaneously detected. The multipacting intensity shows a linear dependence on the positive DC bias voltage up to 1000 V, applied to the central electrode. An accelerated conditioning is observed for the applied bias voltage. The SEY of samples exposed to the EC is measured and the surface composition is monitored by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The measured SEY, surface composition and multipacting behaviour are well correlated. The injection of acetylene and dodecane during multipacting proved to be ineffective in the conditioning.
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MOPJE074	Optimizing SLS-2 Nonlinearities Using a Multi-Objective Genetic Optimizer	sextupole, resonance, optics, octupole	486
	M.P. Ehrlichman, M. Aiba, A. Streun PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	An upgrade to the SLS is currently under development. This upgrade will likely utilize the same hall and same machine circumference, 288 m, of the SLS. Achieving a sufficiently low emittance with such a small circumference requires tight focusing and low dispersion. These conditions make chromaticity correction difficult and minimization of 1st and 2nd order non-linear driving terms does not yield sufficient dynamic aperture and Touschek lifetime. In this proceeding, we discuss the multi-objective genetic optimization method being implemented at SLS to aid the design of a chromaticity correction scheme for SLS2.
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MOPMA002	Optimising the Diamond DDBA Upgrade Lattice for Low Alpha Operation	lattice, optics, storage-ring, dynamic-aperture	525
	I.P.S. Martin, R. Bartolini DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom R. Bartolini JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	The Diamond storage ring will be upgraded during 2016 by replacing one of the existing double bend achromat (DBA) cells with a double-DBA (DDBA) cell. One requirement of the upgrade is that following the installation of the new cell, Diamond should continue to offer dedicated user time in ‘low alpha’ mode. In this paper we describe the particular challenges relating to this task, and present the lattice design and optimisation studies undertaken so far. The paper concludes by discussing preliminary studies of adding a second DDBA cell into the storage ring. R.P. Walker et al., Proc. IPAC 2014, MOPRO103, (2014) ** I.P.S. Martin et al., Proc. IPAC 2013, MOPEA070, (2013)
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MOPMA006	Modeling RF Feedback in Elegant for Bunch-Lengthening Studies for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade	feedback, cavity, storage-ring, impedance	540
	T.G. Berenc, M. Borland ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The proposed Advanced Photon Source (APS) multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice includes a passive bunch-lengthening cavity to alleviate lifetime and emittance concerns. Feedback in the main radio-frequency (rf) system affects the overall impedance presented to the beam in this double rf system. To aid beam stability studies, a realistic model of rf feedback has been developed and implemented in elegant and Pelegant.
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MOPMA026	Proposed Cavity for Reduced Slip-Stacking Loss	cavity, booster, emittance, beam-loading	600
	J.S. Eldred Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA J.S. Eldred, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	This paper employs a novel dynamical mechanism to improve the performance of slip-stacking. Slip-stacking in an accumulation technique used at Fermilab since 2004 which nearly double the proton intensity. During slip-stacking, the Recycler or the Main Injector stores two particles beams that spatially overlap but have different momenta. The two particle beams are longitudinally focused by two 53 MHz 100 kV RF cavities with a small frequency difference between them. We propose an additional 106 MHz 20 kV RF cavity, with a frequency at the double the average of the upper and lower main RF frequencies. In simulation, we find the proposed RF cavity significantly enhances the stable bucket area and reduces slip-stacking losses under reasonable injection scenarios. We quantify and map the stability of the parameter space for any accelerator implementing slip-stacking with the addition of a harmonic RF cavity.
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MOPMA027	Electron Cloud Measurements in Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler	electron, vacuum, proton, operation	604
	J.S. Eldred Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA M. Backfish, J.S. Eldred, C.-Y. Tan, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	This conference paper presents a series of electron cloud measurements in the Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler. A new instability was observed in the Recycler in July 2014 that generates a fast transverse excitation in the first high intensity batch to be injected. Microwave measurements of electron cloud in the Recycler show a corresponding dependence on the batch injection pattern. These electron cloud measurements are compared to those made with a retarding field analyzer (RFA) installed in a field-free region of the Recycler in November. RFAs are also used in the Main Injector to evaluate the performance of beampipe coatings for the mitigation of electron cloud. Contamination from an unexpected vacuum leak revealed a potential vulnerability in the amorphous carbon beampipe coating. The diamond-like carbon coating, in contrast, reduced the electron cloud signal to 1\% of that measured in uncoated stainless steel beampipe.
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MOPMN003	Dynamic Aperture Studies for the LHC High Luminosity Lattice	lattice, luminosity, optics, quadrupole	705
	M. Giovannozzi, R. De Maria, E. McIntosh CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Y. Cai, Y. Nosochkov, M.-H. Wang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the US LHC Accelerator Research Program and the DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. Research supported by FP7 HiLumi LHC, Grant Agreement 284404, http://hilumilhc.web.cern.ch. Since quite some time, dynamic aperture studies have been undertaken with the aim of specifying the required field quality of the new magnets that will be installed in the LHC ring in the framework of the high-luminosity upgrade. In this paper the latest results concerning the specification work will be presented, taking into account both injection and collision energies and the field quality contribution from all the magnets in the newly designed interaction regions.
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MOPHA002	Operational Applications - a Software Framework Used for the Commissioning of the MedAustron Accelerator	framework, software, operation, controls	773
	A. Wastl, M. Hager, M. Regodic EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
	MedAustron is a synchrotron-based cancer therapy and non-clinical research center located in Austria. Its accelerator is currently being commissioned prior to first medical treatment. During the tuning of the machine, many iterations of measurements involving several parameter changes are performed in order to optimize the accelerator’s performance. An operation and measurement software framework called 'Operational Application Framework' (OpApp) has been developed for this purpose. It follows a modular approach and provides basic methods like ‘write to file’ or ‘measure beam position monitor‘. By appropriately combining modules, OpApps performing automatized measurements and complex procedures can be created. A detailed description of the setup as well as examples of use are provided here.
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MOPHA012	A New FPGA Based Timing System at ELSA	timing, FPGA, booster, extraction	802
	D. Proft, W. Hillert ELSA, Bonn, Germany
	At the electron stretcher facility ELSA a beam intensity upgrade from 20 mA to 200 mA is in progress. Investigations showed, that the maximum beam current is currently limited by excitation of beam instabilities. For separated characterization of single bunch instabilities from multi-bunch ones, a high beam current stored in a single revolving bunch is required. These high beam currents can only be achieved by accumulation of many shots from the injector. The existing timing system is not capable of single bunch injection and accumulation in the main stretcher ring. Therefore a new FPGA based timing system, synchronized to the RF system of the accelerator, has been developed which will completely supersede the existing one. Simultaneously the ‘‘slow'' timing system, providing trigger signals for the typically 6 s long accelerator cycle, is also modernized using a similar FPGA based solution to achieve a much better duty cycle during standard operation. In this contribution the FPGA designs laying the focus on the single bunch accumulation will be presented.
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MOPHA019	Implementation of a High Level Phase Controller for the Superconducting Injector of the S-DALINAC	electron, controls, cavity, EPICS	814
	T. Bahlo, C. Burandt, F. Hug, N. Pietralla TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: This work has been supported by the DFG through CRC 634 The Superconducting DArmstadt LINear Accelerator S‑DALINAC is a recirculating electron accelerator with a design energy of 130 MeV. It operates in cw-mode at a radio frequency of 3 GHz and provides either unpolarized or polarized electron beams. Before entering the main accelerator the electron beam passes both, a normal-conducting injector beamline for beam preparation and a superconducting 10 MeV injector beamline for preacceleration. The phase of the beam which is injected into the 40 MeV main accelerator is crucial for the efficiency of the acceleration process and the minimization of the energy spread. Due to thermal drifts of the normal-conducting injector cavities this injection phase varies by about 0.2 degree over a timescale of an hour. In order to compensate these drifts, a high level phase controller has been implemented. It adjusts the phase measured at an rf-monitor at the exit of the superconducting injector by changing the phase of a prebuncher in the normal-conducting injector beamline. We will present the used hardware, the control algorithm as well as measurements showing the phase stabilization achieved by this controller.
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MOPTY003	Measurement of Momentum Spread of the Injection Beam with Longitudinal Tomography Method in the J-PARC RCS	linac, acceleration, operation, synchrotron	944
	M. Yoshimoto, H. Harada, H. Hotchi, M. Kinsho, P.K. Saha, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	In the J-PARC RCS, the beam tuning toward the design output beam power of 1MW were started after the completing of the beam energy and beam current upgrades in the LINAC. One of the important issues to achieve the 1MW beam operation is the optimization of the injection beam from the LINAC. Due to the longitudinal beam tuning in the LINAC, the momentum spread of the injected beam into the RCS was measured with the longitudinal tomography method. Our longitudinal tomography tool had been developed using the simple algorithm with the Convolution Back-Projection (CBP) method for the beam storage mode of the RCS. Accordingly, we improved this tool to expand into the acceleration mode.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPTY003
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MOPTY006	Study on the Injection Beam Commissioning Software for CSNS/RCS	controls, software, interface, linac	950
	M.Y. Huang, L. Huang, W.B. Liu, J. Qiu, S. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Funding Agency: Work supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11205185, 11175020, 11175193 ) The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) accelerator uses H⁻ stripping and phase space painting method of filling large ring acceptance with the linac beam of small emittance. The beam commissioning software system is the key part of CSNS accelerator. The injection beam commissioning software for CSNS contains three parts currently: painting curve control, injection beam control and injection orbit correction. The injection beam control contains two subsections: single bunch beam calculation and LRBT beam control at the foil. The injection orbit correction also contains two subsections: injection orbit correction by the calculation and injection trim power control.
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MOPTY020	An Intelligent Trigger Abnormal Beam Operation Monitoring Processor at the SSRF	monitoring, FPGA, operation, status	978
	L.W. Lai, Z.C. Chen, Y.B. Leng, Y.B. Yan SSRF, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by National Nature Science Fundation of China(11305253)(11375255)(11105211) An intelligent trigger abnormal beam operation monitoring processor has been designed at the SSRF. By applying digital signal processing algorithms in FPGA, the processor keeps monitoring the beam operation status. It will output a trigger signal and store the turn-by-turn beam position data when abnormal events detected. The abnormal events include injection, beam loss, and abnormal disturbance. This ability makes the processor a powerful tool for abnormal operation causes analysing and machine study.
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MOPTY021	Measurement of Clock Jitter in Beam Diagnostic System	simulation, diagnostics, beam-diagnostic, extraction	981
	Y. Yang, Y.B. Leng, Y.B. Yan SSRF, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	Low clock jitter can improve the performance of beam diagnostic system. This paper presents a procedure for the direct measurement of low-level clock jitter. High resolution spectrum analyzer or broadband high sampling rate oscilloscope is not demanded by using this method. Simulation will be introduced.
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MOPTY022	Bunch by Bunch DBPM Processor Development and Preliminary Experiment in SSRF*	hardware, betatron, FPGA, experiment	984
	Y.B. Leng, Z.C. Chen, L.W. Lai, Y.B. Yan, Y. Yang SSRF, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by Chinese NSFC11375255. Digital BPM processor with turn-by-turn capability has been widely used in synchrotron radiation facilities over the world, which is proved to be very useful and powerful for daily operation and linear optics study but not good enough in the case of individual bunch information required. In order to sufficient individual bunch diagnostics requirements a development plan of the next generation DBPM processor with bunch-by-bunch capability has been initiated in SINAP since 2012. The whole development was divided into three steps: a concept processor based on digital oscilloscope IOC, an algorithm prototype processor based on commercial high speed ADC board, and a custom designed dedicated processor. The progress of this work and several preliminary beam experiments will be discussed in this paper.
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MOPTY041	Prototype Results with a Complete Beam Loss Monitor System Optimized for Synchrotron Light Sources	electron, detector, electronics, impedance	1019
	P. Leban I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia K.B. Scheidt ESRF, Grenoble, France
	Beam loss monitors in synchrotron light sources are finding an increasing utility in particular with the trend of numerous light sources pushing to lower emittances and thus higher intra-beam scattering, while operating in top-up injection modes and employing in-vacuum undulators in their rings. The development of an optimized electron BeamLoss Monitor aims at fulfilling, in one single system, all possible functionalities and applications like both the measurement of fast-time-resolved losses at injection and the possibility of ultra-sensitive detection of low & slow electron loss level variations. This optimized beam loss monitor system comprises both the acquisition electronics and up to four sensor head per unit. The sensor heads themselves, that can be configured for different sizes or volumes, are based on the detection of the electromagnetic shower resulting from an electron loss through the use of either Cherenkov radiator or gamma scintillator and a photomultiplier tube, all assembled in a single compact housing ready for installation.
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MOPTY055	Beam Loss Monitoring for Run 2 of the LHC	monitoring, detector, database, beam-losses	1057
	M.K. Kalliokoski, B. Auchmann, B. Dehning, F.S. Domingues Sousa, E. Effinger, J. Emery, V. Grishin, E.B. Holzer, S. Jackson, B. Kolad, E. Nebot Del Busto, O. Picha, C. Roderick, M. Sapinski, M. Sobieszek, C. Zamantzas CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) system of the LHC consists of over 3600 ionization chambers. The main task of the system is to prevent the superconducting magnets from quenching and protect the machine components from damage, as a result of critical beam losses. The BLM system therefore requests a beam abort when the measured dose in the chambers exceeds a threshold value. During Long Shutdown 1 (LS1) a series of modifications were made to the system. Based on the experience from Run 1 and from improved simulation models, all the threshold settings were revised, and modified where required. This was done to improve the machine safety at 7 TeV, and to reduce beam abort requests when neither a magnet quench or damage to machine components is expected. In addition to the updates of the threshold values, about 800 monitors were relocated. This improves the response to unforeseen beam losses in the millisecond time scale due to micron size dust particles present in the vacuum chamber. This contribution will discuss all the changes made to the BLM system, with the reasoning behind them.
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MOPTY065	Beam Stability of the Taiwan Light Source Storage Ring	betatron, storage-ring, electron, network	1091
	H.C. Chen, H.H. Chen, Y.-S. Cheng, S.J. Huang, C.H. Kuo, J.A. Li, Y.K. Lin NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	The Taiwan Light Source Storage Ring (SR) has been in operation since many years ago. Maintaining best stability of the electron beam is becoming the main challenge. This study endeavored to improve the electron beam stability of The Taiwan Light Source Storage Ring (SR). Employing the artificial neural network (ANN)-constructed experiment design to analyze and optimize the storage ring betatron tunes .This report outlines the details of the beam stability process experiment.
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MOPTY072	Beam Loss Study of TLS Using RadFETs	radiation, storage-ring, controls, booster	1103
	C.H. Huang, J. Chen, Y.-S. Cheng, K.T. Hsu, K.H. Hu, D. Lee, C.Y. Wu NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	To realize the beam loss during the operation of Taiwan light source, P-type radiation-sensing field-effect transistors are setup around the storage ring. A sixteen-channel readout box is used to read the threshold voltage of the radiation-sensing field-effect transistors during irradiation. The beam loss distribution and mechanism at the injection period, decay mode and top up injection for routing operation will be studied in this report.
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MOPTY073	Commissioning of BPM System for TPS Booster Synchrotron	booster, electronics, synchrotron, storage-ring	1106
	P.C. Chiu, Y.-S. Cheng, K.T. Hsu, K.H. Hu, C.H. Kuo NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	The TPS is a latest generation of high brightness synchrotron light source and ready for commissioning. It consists of a 150 MeV electron linac, a booster synchrotron, a 3 GeV storage ring, and experimental beam lines. The BPM electronics Libera Brilliance⁺ are adopted for booster and storage ring of Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). The provided BPM data is useful for beam commissioning where it can be used to measure beam position, rough beam intensity along the longitudinal position and also for tune measurement. This report summarizes the efforts on BPM measurement and related diagnostic tools during TPS booster commissioning.
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MOPTY077	Control Interface of Pulse Magnet Power Supply for TPS Project	controls, EPICS, kicker, power-supply	1120
	C.Y. Wu, J. Chen, Y.-S. Cheng, C.-S. Fann, K.T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, K.H. Hu, C.H. Huang, D. Lee, C.Y. Liao, K.-K. Lin NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	The TPS (Taiwan Photon Source) is low emittance 3 GeV synchrotron light source. The design and implementation of a pulse magnet power supply control system for beam injection and extraction were done. The EPICS embedded programmable logic controller (PLC) was applied to control pulse magnet power supply. The system comprises various input/output modules and a CPU module with built-in Ethernet interface. The control information (status of the power supply, ON, OFF, warn up, reset, reading/setting voltage, etc.) can be accessed remotely using EPICS client tools. The TPS timing system provide trigger signals for pulse magnet power supplies. The Ethernet-based oscilloscope is employed to observe current waveform of pulse magnet power supply with EPICS support. This paper describes control interface and operation GUI for the TPS pulse magnet power supply.
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MOPWI002	Bunch Length Measurements using Synchrotron Light Monitor	linac, emittance, synchrotron, dipole	1143
	M.M. Ali, M.G. Tiefenback JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	The bunch length is measured at CEBAF using an invasive technique. The technique depends on applying an energy chirp for the electron bunch and imaging it through a dispersive region. The measurements are taken through Arc1 and Arc2 at CEBAF. The fundamental equations, procedure and the latest results are given.
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TUYC2	Multi-GeV Plasma Acceleration Results at BELLA	laser, plasma, electron, experiment	1319
	A.J. Gonsalves, C. Benedetti, S.S. Bulanov, J. Daniels, E. Esarey, C.G.R. Geddes, H.S. Mao, D.E. Mittelberger, K. Nakamura, C.B. Schroeder, C. Tóth, J. van Tilborg LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA W. Leemans UCB, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 Laser-plasma accelerators (LPAs)* are being investigated as a compact driver for light sources and high-energy linear colliders. Recently 2 GeV beams were generated by focusing ≈ 100 J laser pulses onto a gas target. We report here on the generation of beams with energy up to 4.2 GeV using 16 J of laser pulse energy at the BErkeley Lab Laser Accelerator (BELLA). This was achieved by using laser pulses of high spatial and temporal quality coupled to a pre-formed capillary discharge waveguide of length 9 cm. The waveguide (in conjunction with self-guiding) allowed for mitigation of diffraction. High spatial quality (Strehl ratio at focus 0.8±0.1) was achieved using a deformable mirror placed before the focusing optic. The dominant contribution to the non-Gaussian content of the focal spot was the near-field intensity profile. For maximum efficiency high-power femtosecond systems employ super-Gaussian near-field profiles of the form I(r)∝e^-2(r/w^N), where I is the intensity, r is the radial coordinate, w is the spot size, and N is the order. Compared with Gaussian laser pulses where N=2, pulses from the BELLA laser system had N=10. Simulations showed that an increased contribution of self-guiding was required to effectively confine the laser energy for optimum acceleration and mitigation of damage to the capillary waveguide. Through appropriate choice of plasma density electron beams with energy up to 4.2 GeV were observed. In this regime the electron beam angular fluctuations were > 2 mrad rms, caused in part by errors in waveguide alignment and by laser-induced damage to the capillary that introduces plasma asymmetry. Improved alignment of the waveguide and mitigation of capillary damage allowed for reduction in angular fluctuations to 0.6 mrad rms. The electron beams had energy of 2.7±0.1 GeV, charge of 150 pC, and divergence less than 1 mrad. E. Esarey, et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1229 (2009) X. Wang, et al., Nat. Communications 4, 1988 (2013) * W. P. Leemans, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 245002 (2014)
	Slides TUYC2 [13.023 MB]
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TUAB1	Correction of Nonlinear Coupling Resonances in the SPring-8 Storage Ring	coupling, resonance, octupole, sextupole	1329
	M. Takao, K. Fukami, Y. Shimosaki, K. Soutome JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan
	The correction of the lattice nonlinearity of the storage rings is crucial for the enlargement of the dynamic aperture of the storage rings, which in general leads to the higher injection efficiency and the longer lifetime. At the SPring-8 storage ring, it is realized that the higher order coupling resonances are considerably excited. After the usual correction of the nonlinear dynamics in terms of the normal sextupole magnets, we suppress one of the resonances by using the skew sextupole magnets for the purpose of further improving the dynamic aperture. As a result of the correction by the skew sextupoles, the reckoned improvement of the injection efficiency and the lifetime is achieved. Furthermore, at the SPring-8 storage ring, it is observed that the error magnetic field of a particular insertion device (ID) excites the higher nonlinear coupling resonance of the skew octupoles, which remarkably deteriorates the injection efficiency. In order to correct the coupling resonance, we have installed the octupole magnets at the ID, by which we restore the injection efficiency.
	Slides TUAB1 [3.275 MB]
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TUBB3	Recent Progress of J-PARC RCS Beam Commissioning - Toward Realizing the 1-MW Output Beam Power	scattering, acceleration, operation, quadrupole	1346
	H. Hotchi JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	Via a series of the injector linac upgrades in 2013 and 2014, the J-PARC RCS got all the design parameters. Thus the RCS is now in the final beam commissioning phase aiming for the 1-MW design output beam power. This paper presents the recent progress of the RCS beam commissioning, mainly focusing on our approaches to beam loss issues that appeared on the process of the beam power ramp-up.
	Slides TUBB3 [2.299 MB]
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TUBD1	Optics Measurement and Correction during Acceleration with Beta-squeeze in RHIC	optics, acceleration, quadrupole, emittance	1380
	C. Liu, A. Marusic, M.G. Minty BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. In the past, beam optics correction at RHIC has only taken place at injection and at final energy, with interpolation of corrections partially into the acceleration cycle. Recent measurements of the beam optics during acceleration and squeeze have evidenced significant beta-beats that, if corrected, could minimize undesirable emittance dilutions and maximize the spin polarization of polarized proton beams by avoiding the high-order multipole fields sampled by particles within the bunch. We recently demonstrated successfully beam optics corrections during acceleration at RHIC. We verified conclusively the superior control of the beam realized via these corrections. As a valuable by-product, these corrections have minimized the beta-beat at the profile monitors, so providing more precise measurements of the evolution of the beam emittances during acceleration.
	Slides TUBD1 [1.581 MB]
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TUPWA013	Linear and Nonlinear Optimizations for the ESRF Upgrade Lattice	sextupole, lattice, dynamic-aperture, optics	1422
	N. Carmignani, L. Farvacque, S.M. Liuzzo, B. Nash, T.P. Perron, P. Raimondi, R. Versteegen, S.M. White ESRF, Grenoble, France
	The ESRF storage ring will be replaced in 2020 by a new hybrid multi bend achromat lattice with 134 pmrad equilibrium horizontal emittance. To determine the best working point, large scans of tunes and chromaticities have been performed, computing Touschek lifetime and dynamic aperture. From different working points, the multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-II has been used to optimize the nonlinear magnets values and some linear optics parameters. The analysis have been carried out on lattices with errors and corrections. The optimizations have produced lattices with longer lifetime and larger dynamic aperture for different working points with positive chromaticities.
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TUPJE005	Development of Pulsed Multipole Magnet for Aichi SR Storage Ring	storage-ring, electron, multipole, synchrotron	1616
	K. Ito, M. Hosaka, A. Mano, T. Takano, Y. Takashima Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan K. Hayashi, M. Katoh UVSOR, Okazaki, Japan N. Yamamoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	The Aichi synchrotron radiation (Aichi SR) center is an industrial oriented synchrotron light source facility. The electron energy and circumference of the storage ring are 1.2 GeV and 72 m. The natural emittance is 53 nm-rad. Since the pulsed multipole injection scheme provides great advantages for relatively smaller SR rings, we are developing a pulsed multipole injection system for Aichi SR storage ring. In this system, it is essential to minimize the perturbation to the stored beam. To realize the required performances, we have to minimize the residual field at stored beam position, taken into account the field generated by the copper current lead of the input terminal. In addition, we carried out the analytical calculation to estimate the magnet field due to the current lead and optimized the geometrical structure of them. Construction of the multipole magnet will be completed in March 2015 and the field measurement will be carried out in April. In this presentation, we report the detail of the magnet design and the measurement results of pulsed magnetic field for the manufactured magnet. N. Yamamoto, et. al., NIM A 767, 26-33 (2014)
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TUPJE006	Recent Developments of UVSOR-III	undulator, laser, operation, synchrotron	1619
	M. Katoh, K. Hayashi, J. Yamazaki UVSOR, Okazaki, Japan M. Adachi, T. Konomi, N. Yamamoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan M. Hosaka, Y. Takashima Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
	A 750 MeV low energy synchrotron light source, UVSOR, has been operational since 1983. About ten years after the first major upgrade in 2003, the second major upgrade was carried out in 2012, in which all the bending magnets were replaced with combined function ones and a new in-vacuum undulator was installed in the last straight section reserved for undulators. After this upgrade, the light source, UVSOR-III, has been operational with small emittance of 17 nm-rad, with six undulators, and fully with the top-up injection at 300mA. Adding to the present status of the accelerator, most recent progresses in the pulsed sextupole magnet for the beam injection and in the coherent light source development station will be presented.
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TUPJE018	On-axis Injection Scheme for Ultimate Storage Ring with Double RF Systems	synchrotron, emittance, storage-ring, radiation	1657
	B.C. Jiang, S.Q. Tian, M.Z. Zhang, Q.L. Zhang, Z.T. Zhentang SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	An on-axis injection scheme using double RF systems for an ultimate storage ring which holds very small dynamic aperture is proposed. By altering RF voltages, empty RF buckets can be created which will be used for on-axis injection. After bunches are injected, a reverse voltage altering process is performed and the injected bunches can be longitudinally dumped to the main buckets.
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TUPJE023	Consideration on the Future Major Upgrades of the SSRF Storage Ring	storage-ring, cavity, emittance, optics	1672
	Z.T. Zhao, B.C. Jiang, Y.B. Leng, S.Q. Tian, L. Yin, M.Z. Zhang SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	The SSRF storage ring was in operation from 2008, currently it is operating at the energy of 3.5GeV, the natural emittance of 3.9 nm-rad and the beam current of 240 mA, serving for 13 beamlines with 9 IDs. There will be around 40 operated beamlines around 2020, which need some upgrade of the storage ring existing performance, such as the new lattice with superbends. And looking for the future beyond, the major upgrade towards a diffraction limited storage ring is under consideration. This paper presents the initial investigation and the proposal on the ultimate storage ring upgrade for SSRF.
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TUPJE034	A Preliminary Report from Louisiana State University CAMD Storage Ring Operating with an 11-pole 7.5 T Wiggler	wiggler, operation, storage-ring, electron	1682
	R.S. Amin, P. Jines, D.J. Launey, K.J. Morris, V.P. Suller, Y. Wang LSU/CAMD, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA V.K. Lev, N.A. Mezentsev, V.A. Shkaruba, V.M. Syrovatin, O.A. Tarasenko, V.M. Tsukanov, A.A. Volkov, A.V. Zorin BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: Funded by the National Science Foundation. Louisiana State University installed a 7.5 T superconducting wiggler in May 2013 on the electron storage ring located at the Bennett Johnson, Sr. Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD). The wiggler’s influence on betatron tunes and functions, orbit, lifetime, performance, and other relevant beam parameters are described. We further comment on device operations and modifications to ring operations that were necessary to provide light for both wiggler and dipole stations.
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TUPJE042	Transverse Tunes Determination from Mixed BPM Data	betatron, operation, storage-ring, coupling	1709
	P. Zisopoulos, F. Antoniou, Y. Papaphilippou CERN, Geneva, Switzerland E. Hertle, A.-S. Müller KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
	Decoherence due to non-zero chromaticity and/or amplitude dependent tune-shift, but also damping mechanisms can affect the accurate tune determination by leaving a limited number of turns for frequency analysis of the turn by turn (TbT) position data. In order to by-pass these problems, Fourier analysis of mixed TBT data from all BPMs can be employed. The approach is applied in two different accelerators, a hadron collider as the LHC and a synchrotron light source as the ANKA storage ring. The impact in the accuracy of the method of missing BPM data is also discussed.
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TUPJE045	Round Beam Operation in Electron Storage Rings and generalisation of Mobius accelerator	quadrupole, emittance, insertion, lattice	1716
	M. Aiba, M.P. Ehrlichman, A. Streun PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	A better performing photon beam can be obtained from light sources when the eletron beam is formed into a "round beam" rather than a flat beam. It is realised by equally distributing the natural emittance into the horizontal and vertical planes. There are a few approaches for the emittance distribution, and we explored the so-called Mobius accelerator scheme, where a transverse (horizontal-vertical) emittance exchange results at each turn of beam revolution. The original proposal of Mobius accelerator was based on a set of five succesive skew quadruples, requiring a dedicated long straight section. We generalise the Mobius accelerator section to find more convenient configurations. Applications to a light source storage ring lattice and some tracking results are also presented.
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TUPJE046	Investigation of the Injection Scheme for SLS 2.0	kicker, lattice, multipole, booster	1720
	Á. Saá Hernández, M. Aiba PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	SLS2, an upgrade of the Swiss Light Source (SLS), aiming at a natural horizontal emittance in the range of 100 pm is planned and under study. This will be achieved by replacing the current magnet lattice of the electron storage ring by a new multibend achromat magnet lattice, while reusing the injector chain and most of the existing infrastructures. The new low emittance ring will impose more restrictive constraints on injection due to a smaller machine aperture and a very compact lattice, dominated by non-linearities. We performed a study to find the optimum injection scheme for SLS2 among the conventional and more advanced schemes; namely multipole kicker injection (off-axis and also on-axis matched to the off-momentum closed orbit) and longitudinal injection.
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TUPJE049	TPS Linac Relocation and Beam Test of the LTB Transfer Line	linac, optics, electron, quadrupole	1731
	H.-P. Chang, A.Y. Chen, C.L. Chen, Y.-S. Cheng, C.-S. Fann, K.T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, K.-K. Lin, Y.C. Lin, J. Liu, K.L. Tsai NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	The Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) 150 MeV linac has been relocated from its 2011 test site to the TPS linac tunnel in 2014. After functional test of the linac hardware modules, the beam parameters were carefully examined at a 31-degree bend diagnostic beam line LTD (linac to beam dump) and compared with previous results. Then, the 150 MeV electron beam was delivered to the linac to booster transfer line (LTB) for beam commissioning. The beam optics matching at both the LTB entrance (i.e. linac exit) and the LTB exit (i.e. injection point of booster) was performed for injection optimization purpose. The LTB lattice setting was verified in the beam steering through LTD and LTB with the help of diagnostics tools such as beam profile monitors (SM) and beam position monitors (BPM). The overall performance of the linac and LTB will be described in this report. #peace@nsrrc.org.tw
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TUPJE053	Hardware Improvements and Beam Commissioning of the Booster Ring in Taiwan Photon Source	booster, hardware, synchrotron, linac	1741
	H.-J. Tsai, C.-T. Chen, J.Y. Chen, M.-S. Chiu, P.C. Chiu, P.J. Chou, K.T. Hsu, K.H. Hu, C.-C. Kuo, Y.-C. Liu, G.-H. Luo, F.H. Tseng NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), a low emittance 3-GeV third-generation synchrotron light source, began its hardware integration testing, safety checkout and beam commissioning on August 12, 2014 [1]. The booster ring and the storage ring share the same tunnel in a concentric fashion; the booster ring has circumference 496.8 m, the largest among light source facilities in operation. A combined-function FODO lattice is adopted for the booster ring with natural emittance 10 nm-rad. After hardware improvements were completed, the commissioning of the beam in the booster ring began on December 12 and attained the 3-GeV design energy on December 16.
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TUPJE061	Injection Studies for the Diamond Storage Ring	septum, kicker, storage-ring, lattice	1768
	I.P.S. Martin, M. Apollonio, R. Bartolini DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom R. Bartolini JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	The Diamond storage ring will be upgraded during 2016 by replacing one of the existing double bend achromat (DBA) cells with a double-DBA (DDBA) cell. It is anticipated that both the on and off momentum dynamic aperture will reduce as a result of this change. In order to prepare for this eventuality, injection into the Diamond storage ring has been recently studied in detail. In particular, the oscillation amplitude, angle and energy of the injected beam have been determined, along with the position of the stored beam with respect to the septum plate. Following these studies, the injected beam energy has been matched to the storage ring, and plans have been put in place to move the injection septum 4 mm closer to the stored beam centre line. R.P. Walker et al., “The Double-Double Bend Achromat (DDBA) Lattice Modification for the Diamond Storage Ring”, Proc. IPAC 2014, MOPRO103, (2014)
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TUPJE063	Hybrid Seven-Bend-Achromat Lattice for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade	lattice, emittance, multipole, sextupole	1776
	M. Borland, V. Sajaev, Y. Sun ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. A hybrid seven-bend-achromat lattice has been designed for the APS upgrade. We describe the design goals, constraints, and methodology, including the choice of beam energy. Magnet strength and spacing is compatible with engineering designs for the magnets, diagnostics, and vacuum system. Dynamic acceptance and local momentum acceptance were simulated using realistic errors, then used to assess workable injection methods and predict beam lifetime. Predicted brightness is two to three orders of magnitude higher than the existing APS storage ring. Pointers are provided to other papers in this conference that cover subjects in more detail.
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TUPJE066	Development of an Abort Kicker at APS to Mitigate Beam Loss-induced Quenches of the Superconducting Undulator	kicker, beam-losses, septum, simulation	1787
	K.C. Harkay, J.C. Dooling, Y. Ivanyushenkov, R. Laird, F. Lenkszus, C.C. Putnam, V. Sajaev, J. Wang ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The first superconducting undulator (SCU0) at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) has been delivering 80-100 keV photons for user science since January 2013. SCU0 often quenches during beam dumps triggered by the machine protection system (MPS). SCU0 typically recovers quickly after a quench, but SCU1, a second, longer device to be installed in 2015, may take longer to recover. We tested using injection kickers as an abort system to dump the beam away from SCU0 and the planned location of SCU1. An alternate trigger was tested that fires the kickers with MPS. We demonstrated that controlling the beam dump location with kickers can significantly reduce the beam losses at SCU0, as measured by fiber optic (FO) beam loss monitors (BLMs), and can also prevent a quench. A dedicated abort kicker system has been developed based on elegant simulations. A spare injection kicker was modified to produce the required waveform. Injection kicker tests, simulations, and the abort kicker design are described. Demonstration of this strategy in APS has implications for the APS Upgrade, where more SCUs are planned.
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TUPJE069	Fast Injection System R&D for the APS Upgrade	kicker, high-voltage, impedance, extraction	1797
	F. Lenkszus, J. Carwardine, A.R. Cours, G. Decker, L.H. Morrison, X. Sun, J. Wang, F. Westferro, A. Xiao, C. Yao ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA A. Krasnykh SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Results in this report are derived from work performed at Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The MBA upgrade for the APS will operate with bunch swap out and on axis injection. The planned 324 bunch fill pattern places difficult demands on the injection and extraction kickers. The present concept uses dual stripline kickers driven by high Voltage pulsers. Minimizing perturbation on adjacent bunches requires very fast rise and fall times with relatively narrow ~20 nsec, 15 kV pulses. To achieve these requirements we have initiated a multifaceted R&D program. The R&D includes the HV pulser, stripline kicker and HV feedthrough. We have purchased a commercial dual channel HV pulser and are evaluating its performance and reliability. In addition, we are investigating the feasibility of using nonlinear ferrite loaded coaxial cables (shockwave transmission line) to sharpen the leading and trailing edges of high voltage pulses. We are also developing a prototype kicker and high voltage feedthrough. The requirements for injection and extraction, progress on prototype development and results of our HV pulser investigations will be reported.
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TUPJE071	Alternate Lattice Design for Advanced Photon Source Multi-Bend Achromat Upgrade	lattice, dipole, quadrupole, accumulation	1803
	Y. Sun, M. Borland ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. A 67-pm hybrid-seven-bend achromat (H7BA) lattice is proposed for a future Advanced Photon Source (APS) multi-bend-achromat (MBA) upgrade. This lattice requires use of a swap-out (on-axis) injection scheme. Alternate lattice design work has also been performed to achieve better beam dynamics performance than the nominal APS MBA lattice, in order to allow beam accumulation. One of such alternate H7BA lattice designs, which still targets a very low emittance of 76 pm, is discussed in this paper. With these lattices, existing APS injector complex can be employed without the requirement of a very high charge operation. Studies show that an emittance below 76 pm can be achieved with the employment of reverse bends in an alternate lattice. We discuss the predicted performance and requirements for these lattices and compare them to the nominal lattice.
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TUPJE072	Advanced Photon Source Injection Related Simulation and Measurement	simulation, lattice, operation, septum	1806
	Y. Sun ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Injection efficiency is one of the key factors in ensuring successful operation of storage ring light sources. In this paper, injection simulation and measurement studies at the Advanced Photon Source will be presented. The tracking simulations and measurements are compared in terms of the dynamic aperture and injection efficiency. Injection efficiency is also measured on the betatron tunes space and on different stored beam orbits. yisun@aps.anl.gov
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TUPJE075	Simulation Study of Injection Performance for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade	simulation, emittance, storage-ring, kicker	1816
	A. Xiao, V. Sajaev ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 A vertical on-axis injection scheme has been proposed for the hybrid seven-bend-achromat (H7BA) Advanced Photon Source upgrade (APSU) lattice. In order to evaluate the injection performance, various errors, such as injection beam jitter, optical mismatch and errors, and injection element errors have been investigated and their significance has been discovered. Injection efficiency is then simulated under different error levels. Based on these simulation results, specifications and an error-budget for individual systems have been defined.
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TUPJE077	Instability Thresholds for the Advanced Photon Source Multi- Bend Achromat Upgrade	impedance, simulation, wakefield, collective-effects	1822
	R.R. Lindberg ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA A. Blednykh BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. An important operating mode for the multi-bend achromat (MBA) upgrade at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) calls for 200 mA average current divided evenly over 48 bunches. Ensuring that the desired 4.2 mA single bunch current can be stably stored requires a detailed understanding of the impedance in the MBA ring. We briefly discuss modeling sources of impedance using the electromagnetic codes GdfidL and ECHO, and how we then include both geometric and resistive wall wakefields using the tracking code elegant to predict collective instabilities. We first validate our procedures by comparing APS experimental measurements to tracking predictions using the APS storage ring impedance model. We then discuss the MBA impedance model, for which we find that a chromaticity of 5 units is sufficient to obtain the required 4.2 mA single bunch current. Finally, we mention certain design changes that may reduce the impedance and allow for a reduction in chromaticity.
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TUPJE079	High Charge Development of the APS Injector for an MBA Upgrade	booster, impedance, vacuum, ion	1828
	C. Yao, M. Borland, J.R. Calvey, K.C. Harkay, D. Horan, R.R. Lindberg, N. Sereno, H. Shang, X. Sun, J. Wang ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The APS MBA (multi-bend achromat) upgrade storage ring will employ a “swap out” injection scheme and requires a single-bunch beam with up to 20 nC from the injector. The APS injector, which consists of a 450-MeV linac, a particle accumulator ring (PAR), and a 7-GeV synchrotron (Booster), was originally designed to provide up to 6 nC of beam charge. High charge injector study is part of the APS upgrade R&D that explores the capabilities and limitations of the injector through machine studies and simulations, and identifies necessary upgrades in order to meet the requirements of the MBA upgrade. In the past year we performed PAR and booster high charge studies, implemented new ramp correction of the booster rap supplies, explored non-linear chromatic correction of the booster, etc. This report presents the results and findings.
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TUPJE084	Development of Nonlinear Injection Kicker Magnet for ALS Accelerator	kicker, storage-ring, power-supply, operation	1837
	G.C. Pappas, D.J. Baum, J.-Y. Jung, D. Robin, C. Steier, C. Sun, C.A. Swenson LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The ALS in now engaged in the construction of a new hard x-ray beam line and insertion device for protein crystallography. The scope of work entails the reconfiguration of ALS Sectors 1-3 to make room for the new insertion device. The project will require the melioration of the ALS injection system as well as the development of a longitudinal RF kicker. A key aspect of the injector work is the development and integration of a nonlinear injection kicker (NLK) magnet system to facilitate top off injection without noticeable motion of the beam. The technology will, in principal, ultimately allow the removal of the conventional bump injection magnets presently located in ALS Sector 1. The nonlinear injection concept has been explored at several other light sources . We examine the beam dynamics and magnet design requirements to adapt this technology to the ALS lattice with its 1.9 GeV beam. The work will review the injection beam matching, tracking simulations, the electromagnetic design and tolerance analysis, power supply design. The paper will also review the project plan for the integration of this technology into the ALS. T. Atkinson et al., "Development of a Non-Linear Kicker System to Facilitate a New Scheme for the BESSY-II Storage Ring", Proc. of IPAC 2011, THPH024.
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TUPMA001	Progress of the R&D towards a diffraction limited upgrade of the Advanced Light Source	optics, radiation, photon, lattice	1840
	C. Steier, A. Anders, D. Arbelaez, J.M. Byrd, K. Chow, S. De Santis, R.M. Duarte, J.-Y. Jung, T.H. Luo, A. Madur, H. Nishimura, J.R. Osborn, G.C. Pappas, L.R. Reginato, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, D. Schlueter, C. Sun, C.A. Swenson, W.L. Waldron, E.J. Wallén, W. Wan LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Improvements in brightness and coherent flux of about two orders of magnitude over operational storage ring based light sources are possible using multi bend achromat lattice designs. These improvements can be implemented as upgrades of existing facilities, like the proposed upgrade of the Advanced Light Source, making use of the existing infrastructure, thereby reducing cost and time needed to reach full scientific productivity on a large number of beamlines. An R&D program funded by internal laboratory funds was started at LBNL to further develop the technologies necessary for diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSR). It initially involves five areas, and focuses on the specific needs of soft x-ray facilities: vacuum system/NEG coating of small chambers, injection/pulsed magnets, RF systems/bunch lengthening, magnets/radiation production with advanced radiation devices, and beam physics design optimization. Some hardware prototypes have been built. The work will expand in the future to demonstrate necessary key technologies at the subsystem level or in beam tests and include new areas like photon beamline optics.
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TUPMA037	Commissioning of the 123 MeV Injector for 12 GeV CEBAF	cryomodule, optics, dipole, operation	1920
	Y.W. Wang, A.S. Hofler, R. Kazimi JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	The injector energy needed to be raised from 67.5 MeV to 123 MeV to meet the energy requirement of the CEBAF 12 GeV upgrade. The ratio of the injector energy to the linac energy must remain 0.11284 at all times. Consequently, the injector was partially upgraded. The early injector, transport and acceleration from 130 keV to 6 MeV, is unchanged, but the downstream boost from 6 MeV to the final 123 MeV energy drove several changes. One of the two original CEBAF 25 MeV type cryomodules in the injector was upgraded to a 100 MeV capable one to provide more energy. Some trim magnets at the end of the injector were upgraded to compensate for the higher energy. The chicane region was expanded, and the full energy injector spectrometer was relocated to make room for the newly added Hall D line. Experience from the 6 GeV era indicated that the stray fields from the higher energy beam transport recombiners near the injection chicane adversely affect the injector orbit, so a study to understand and mitigate stray fields from the transport arc box supplies upgraded for 12 GeV led to shielding modifications for the beamline in the chicane region.
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TUPMA050	NSLS-II Injector Commissioning and Initial Operation	booster, storage-ring, linac, operation	1944
	E.B. Blum, B. Bacha, G. Bassi, J. Bengtsson, A. Blednykh, S. Buda, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, J. Cupolo, R. D'Alsace, M.A. Davidsaver, J.H. De Long, L. Doom, D.J. Durfee, R.P. Fliller, M. Fulkerson, G. Ganetis, F. Gao, C. Gardner, W. Guo, R. Heese, Y. Hidaka, Y. Hu, M.P. Johanson, B.N. Kosciuk, S. Kowalski, S.L. Kramer, S. Krinsky, Y. Li, W. Louie, M.A. Maggipinto, P. Marino, J. Mead, J. Oliva, D. Padrazo, K. Pedersen, B. Podobedov, R.S. Rainer, J. Rose, M. Santana, S. Seletskiy, T.V. Shaftan, O. Singh, P. Singh, V.V. Smaluk, R.M. Smith, T. Summers, J. Tagger, Y. Tian, W.H. Wahl, G.M. Wang, G.J. Weiner, F.J. Willeke, L. Yang, X. Yang, E. Zeitler, E. Zitvogel, P. Zuhoski BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA A. Akimov, P.B. Cheblakov, I.N. Churkin, A.A. Derbenev, S.M. Gurov, S.E. Karnaev, V.A. Kiselev, A.A. Korepanov, E.B. Levichev, S.V. Sinyatkin, A.N. Zhuravlev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	The injector for the National Synchrotron Light Source II storage ring consists of a 3 GeV booster synchrotron and a 200 MeV S-band linac. The linac was designed to produce either a single bunch with a charge of 0.5 nC of electrons or a train of bunches up to 300 ns long containing a total charge of 15 nC. The booster was designed to accelerate up to 15 nC each cycle. Linac commissioning was completed in April 2012. Booster commissioning was started in November 2013 and completed in March 2014. All of the significant design goals were satisfied including beam emittance, energy spread, and transport efficiency. While the maximum booster charge accelerated was only 10 nC this has proven to be more than sufficient for storage ring commissioning. The injector has operated reliably during storage ring operation since then. Results will be presented showing measurements of injector operating parameters achieved during commissioning and initial operation. Operating experience and reliability during the first year of NSLS-II operation will be discussed.
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TUPMA053	Experience with First Turns Commissioning in NSLS-II Storage Ring	kicker, storage-ring, betatron, lattice	1950
	S. Seletskiy, G. Bassi, J. Bengtsson, A. Blednykh, E.B. Blum, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, R.P. Fliller, W. Guo, R. Heese, Y. Hidaka, S.L. Kramer, Y. Li, B. Podobedov, T.V. Shaftan, G.M. Wang, F.J. Willeke, L. Yang, X. Yang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	In this paper we describe our experience with commissioning of the first turns in the NSLS-II storage ring. We discuss the problems that we encountered and show how applying a dedicated first turns commissioning software allowed us to diagnose and resolve these problems.
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TUPHA004	NSLS-II Storage Ring Injection Optimization	kicker, betatron, septum, timing	1968
	G.M. Wang, E.B. Blum, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, Y. Li, S. Seletskiy, T.V. Shaftan, Y. Tian, L. Yang, L.-H. Yu BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) is a state of the art 3 GeV third generation light source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The SR is designed to work in top-off injection mode. The injection straight includes a septum and four fast kicker magnets with independent amplitude and timing control. The beam injection is designed as 9.5 mm off-axis in x plane and on-axis injection in y plane. To capture the injected beam within the SR acceptance for high injection efficiency, it requires 6-D phase space match. Besides that, the fast kickers formed local bump is also required to be locally to minimize the injected beam extra betatron oscillation and keep the stored beam disturbance within the specification, 10% beam size to minimize the injection transient. This paper will present the beam results before and after optimization.
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TUPHA005	Tools for NSLS II Commissioning	controls, operation, status, interface	1971
	G.M. Wang, G. Bassi, A. Blednykh, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, L.R. Dalesio, M.A. Davidsaver, J.H. De Long, K. Ha, Y. Hidaka, Y. Hu, Y. Li, D. Padrazo, S. Seletskiy, T.V. Shaftan, G. Shen, K. Shroff, O. Singh, T. Summers, Y. Tian, F.J. Willeke, H. Xu, L. Yang, X. Yang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) is a state of the art 3 GeV third generation light source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. As many facilities worldwide, NSLS II uses the EPICS control system to monitor and control all accelerator hardware. Control system studio (CSS) is used for simple tasks such as monitoring, display, setting of PVs. browsing the historical data, et. al. For more complex accelerator physics applications, a collection of scripts are mainly written in Python and part from Matlab during commissioning. With the close collaboration and fully support from control group, more and more CSS features were developed for operation convenience and several high level applications are interfaced with users in CSS panels for daily use based on softiocs. This paper will present the tools that we have been using for commissioning.
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TUPHA006	NSLS-II Storage Ring Insertion Device and Front-End Commissioning	emittance, storage-ring, insertion, SRF	1974
	G.M. Wang, C. Amundsen, G. Bassi, J. Bengtsson, A. Blednykh, E.B. Blum, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, O.V. Chubar, T.M. Corwin, M.A. Davidsaver, L. Doom, W. Guo, D.A. Harder, P. He, Y. Hidaka, Y. Hu, P. Ilinski, C.A. Kitegi, S.L. Kramer, Y. Li, M. Musardo, D. Padrazo, B. Podobedov, K. Qian, R.S. Rainer, J. Rank, S. Seletskiy, T.V. Shaftan, S.K. Sharma, O. Singh, V. Smalyuk, R.M. Smith, T. Summers, T. Tanabe, F.J. Willeke, L. Yang, X. Yang, L.-H. Yu BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) is a state of the art 3 GeV third generation light source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. In the spring 2014, the storage ring was commissioning up to 50 mA without insertion device. In the fall, the project beamlines, includes seven insertion devices on six ID ports were commissioned within two and a half months. These beamlines consist of IXS, HXN, CSX-1, CSX-2, CHX, SRX, and XPD-1, from the radiation sources elliptically polarizing undulator (EPU), damping wiggler (DW) and in vacuum undulator (IVU) to cover the VUV through the very hard x-ray range. In this paper, a number of commissioning and operation experiences are discussed here, such as injection, lifetime, ID residual field and compensation, source point stability, beam alignment and tools for control, monitor and beam protection.
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TUPHA010	Design of the NSLS-II Top Off Safety System	dipole, storage-ring, interlocks, operation	1986
	R.P. Fliller, L. Doom, G. Ganetis, C. Hetzel, P.K. Job, Y. Li, T.V. Shaftan, S.K. Sharma, O. Singh, G.M. Wang, Z. Xia BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The NSLS-II accelerators finished commissioning in the fall of 2014, with beamline commissioning underway. Part of the design for the NSLS-II is to operate in top off mode. The Top Off Safety System (TOSS) is presently under design. In this report we discuss the Top Off Safety System design and implementation, along with the necessary tracking results and radiological calculations.
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TUPTY015	Study on the transverse painting during the injection process for CSNS/RCS	neutron, proton, linac, target	2025
	M.Y. Huang, L. Huang, N. Huang, J. Qiu, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11205185, 11175020, 11175193 ) For the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), a combination of the H⁻ stripping and phase space painting method is used to accumulate a high intensity beam in the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS). In this paper, firstly, the injection processes with different painting ranges and different painting methods were studied. With the codes ORBIT and MATLAB, the particle distribution and painting image were obtained. Then, the reasonable painting range which is suitable for the aperture size and magnet gap can be selected. Since the real field uniformity of BH3 and BV3 is not completely in conformity with the design requirement, the painting method and painting range also need to be selected to reduce the effects of bad field uniformity.
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TUPTY020	Building a Luminosity Model for the LHC and HL-LHC	emittance, luminosity, brightness, proton	2042
	F. Antoniou, G. Arduini, Y. Papaphilippou, G. Papotti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	One key objective of the High Luminosity LHC Upgrade is to determine a set of beam parameters and the hardware configuration that will enable the LHC to reach a peak luminosity of 5×10³⁴ cm^-2 s^-1 and ultimately 7.5x10³⁴ cm^-2 s^-1 with levelling, allowing an integrated luminosity of 250-300 fb^-1 per year. In order to determine the integrated performance it is important to develop a realistic model of the luminosity evolution during a physics fill. In this paper, the different mechanisms affecting luminosity lifetime in the LHC are discussed and a luminosity model is presented. The model is benchmarked with data from LHC Run I.
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TUPTY036	Crossing Scheme and Orbit Correction in IR1/5 for HL-LHC	optics, alignment, luminosity, quadrupole	2086
	M. Fitterer, R. De Maria, S.D. Fartoukh, M. Giovannozzi CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: The HiLumi LHC Design Study is partly funded by the European Commission within the Framework Programme 7 Capacities Specific Programme, Grant Agreement 284404. In this paper we review the orbit correction strategy and crossing scheme adjustment for the HL-LHC orbit correctors in IR1/5 in view of the new optics and layout version HLLHCV1.1. The main objectives are to optimize the crossing scheme, in particular to reduce the strength of the orbit correctors at D2, and to validate the strength specifications of the several orbit corrector magnets involved, including a budget reserved for the correction of the orbit distortions from various sources.
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TUPTY039	LHC Transfer Lines and Injection Tests for Run 2	extraction, kicker, operation, septum	2098
	C. Bracco, J.L. Abelleira, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.J. Barnes, W. Bartmann, E. Carlier, L.N. Drøsdal, M.A. Fraser, K. Fuchsberger, B. Goddard, J. Jentzsch, V. Kain, N. Magnin, M. Meddahi, J.S. Schmidt, L.S. Stoel, J.A. Uythoven, F.M. Velotti, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The transfer lines for both rings of the LHC were successfully re-commissioned with beam in preparation for the start-up of Run 2. This paper presents an overview of the transfer line and sector tests performed to bring the LHC back into operation after a two-year period of shutdown for consolidation and upgrade. The tests enabled the debugging of critical software and hardware systems and validated changes made to the transfer and injection systems. The beam-based measurements carried out to validate the optics and machine configuration are summarised along with the performance of the hardware systems.
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TUPTY040	Comparison of Beam Sizes at the Collimator Locations from Measured Optics and Beam-based Collimator Alignment at the LHC	alignment, optics, flattop, betatron	2101
	G. Valentino, R. Bruce, A. Langner, S. Redaelli, R. Tomás CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	At the LHC, the collimation hierarchy is defined in units of the betatron beam size using the sizes at each collimator location. The beam size at a given collimator can be inferred from the gap measurement during beam-based alignment campaigns, when the collimator touches a reference beam halo defined with the primary collimators. On the other hand, the beta functions at each collimator are also measured as a part of the standard LHC optics validation. This paper presents a comparison of the beam size measurements at the collimator locations applying these two techniques for different machine configurations. This work aims at determining which is the most reliable method for setting the collimator gaps at the LHC.
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TUPTY043	Analysis of Intensity-dependent Effects on LHC Transverse Tunes at Injection Energy	operation, damping, database, quadrupole	2108
	R. De Maria, M. Giovannozzi, T. Persson, R. Tomás CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Y. Wei IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The LHC Run I has provided a huge amount of data that can be used to deepen the understanding of the beam behaviour. In this paper the focus is on the analysis of transverse tunes at injection energy to detect signs of intensity-dependent effects. BPM data, recording the injection oscillations of the operational beams during the ring-filling phase, have been analysed in detail to enable extracting useful information about the tune shift vs. injected beam intensity. The data processing and the results are discussed in detail, including also possible implications for future operation.
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TUPTY048	Changes to the Transfer Line Collimation System for the High-Luminosity LHC Beams	optics, collimation, luminosity, brightness	2124
	V. Kain, O. Aberle, C. Bracco, M.A. Fraser, F. Galleazzi, A. Kosmicki, F.L. Maciariello, M. Meddahi, F.-X. Nuiry, G.E. Steele, F.M. Velotti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland E. Gianfelice-Wendt Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The current LHC transfer line collimation system will not be able to provide enough protection for the high brightness beams in the high-luminosity LHC era. The new collimation system will have to attenuate more and be more robust than its predecessor. The active jaw length of the new transfer line collimators will therefore be 2.1 m instead of currently 1.2 m. The transfer line optics will have to be adjusted for the new collimator locations and larger beta functions at the collimators for absorber robustness reasons. In this paper the new design of the transfer line collimation system will be presented with its implications on transfer line optics and powering, maintainability, protection of transfer line magnets in case of beam loss on a collimator and protection of the LHC aperture
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TUPTY049	Protection of Superconducting Magnets in Case of Accidental Beam Losses during HL-LHC Injection	vacuum, simulation, kicker, shielding	2128
	A. Lechner, M.J. Barnes, C. Bracco, B. Goddard, F.L. Maciariello, A. Perillo Marcone, N.V. Shetty, G.E. Steele, J.A. Uythoven, F.M. Velotti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland F.M. Velotti EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	Funding: Research supported by the High Luminosity LHC project. The LHC injection regions accommodate a system of beam-intercepting devices which protect superconducting magnets and other accelerator components in case of mis-steered injected beam or accidentally kicked stored beam, e.g. due to injection kicker or timing malfunctions. The brightness and intensity increase required by the High Luminosity (HL) upgrade of the LHC necessitates a redesign of some devices to improve their robustness and to reduce the leakage of secondary particle showers to downstream magnets. In this paper, we review possible failure scenarios and we quantify the energy deposition in superconducting coils by means of FLUKA shower calculations. Conceptual design studies for the new protection system are presented, with the main focus on the primary injection protection absorber (TDI) and the adjacent mask (TCDD).
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TUPTY051	Injection Protection Upgrade for the HL-LHC	impedance, simulation, kicker, proton	2136
	J.A. Uythoven, N. Biancacci, C. Bracco, L. Gentini, B. Goddard, A. Lechner, F.L. Maciariello, A. Perillo Marcone, B. Salvant, N.V. Shetty, G.E. Steele, F.M. Velotti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland O. Frasciello, M. Zobov INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
	The injector complex of the LHC is undergoing important changes in the light of the LIU project to provide brighter beams to the LHC. For this reason and as part of the High Luminosity LHC project the injection protection system of the LHC will be upgraded in the Long Shutdown 2 (2018 - 2019) to be able to protect downstream elements against injection failures with the high brightness, high intensity HL-LHC beams. The upgraded LHC injection protection system will consist of a segmented injection protection absorber TDIS, and auxiliary collimators and masks. The layout modifications are described, and the machine element protection and absorber jaw robustness studies are presented for the new systems.
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TUPTY083	Conceptual MEIC Electron Ring Injection Scheme using CEBAF as a Full Energy Injector	electron, linac, operation, gun	2232
	J. Guo, F. Lin, R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang, S. Wang, Y. Zhang JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 The Medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) proposed by Jefferson Lab is planning to use the newly upgraded 12 GeV CEBAF 1497 MHz SRF CW recirculating linac as a full-energy injector for the electron collider ring. The electron collider ring is proposed to reuse the 476MHz PEP-II RF system to achieve high installed voltage and high beam power. The MEIC electron injection requires 3-10 (or 12) GeV beam in 3-4μs long bunch trains with low duty factor and high peak current, resulting in strong transient beam loading for the CEBAF. In this paper, we propose an injection scheme that can match the two systems’ frequencies with acceptable injection time, and also address the transient beam loading issue in CEBAF. The scheme is compatible with future upgrade to 952.6 MHz SRF system in the electron ring.
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TUPWI021	Progress on a 30 - 350 MeV Normal-Conducting Scaling FFAG for Proton Therapy	proton, lattice, ion, extraction	2285
	J.M. Garland, R.B. Appleby, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by the STFC (UK) under grant no. ST/K002503/1 We present our progress on a new design for a 30 - 350 MeV scaling FFAG for proton therapy and tomography - NORMA (NOrmal-conducting Racetrack Medical Accelerator) which allows the realisation of proton computed tomography (pCT) and utilises normal conducting magnets in both a circular and racetrack configuration which are designed using advanced optimisation algorithms developed in PyZgoubi. The ring and racetrack configurations have average circumferences of around 60 and 70 m respectively, peak magnetic fields of < 1.8 T, average orbit excursions < 50 cm and dynamic aperture calculations of > 50 mm.mrad using a novel technique. The racetrack design has a total magnet-free straight length of 4.9 m at two opposing points, designed to ease injection and extraction systems.
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WEBB2	First Considerations on Beam Optics and Lattice Design for the Future Hadron-Hadron Collider FCC-hh	dipole, quadrupole, optics, collider	2466
	B. Dalena CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France R. Alemany-Fernández, B.J. Holzer, D. Schulte CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Chancé, J. Payet CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	The main emphasis of the Future Circular Collider study is the design of a 100~TeV proton-proton collider in a new tunnel of about 100 km circumference. This paper presents the first optics design of the future hadron collider (FCC-hh). The basic layout follows a quasi-circular geometry ‘‘quasi racetrack'' with 8 arcs and 8 straight sections, four of which designed as interaction points. Assuming 16~T dipole magnets, a first version of the ring geometry and magnet lattice is presented, including the optics of the foreseen high luminosity regions and of the other straight sections dedicated to the installation of injection/extraction lines, beam dump etc., and an arc structure with optimized dipole fill factor to reach the target center-of-mass energy of 100~TeV.
	Slides WEBB2 [4.622 MB]
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WEPWA007	The AWAKE Proton-driven Plasma Wakefield Experiment at CERN	plasma, electron, wakefield, experiment	2502
	P. Muggli MPI-P, München, Germany
	Funding: For the AWAKE collaboration The AWAKE experiment at CERN * aims at studying plasma wakefield generation and acceleration driven by proton bunches. The first experiments will focus on the self-modulation instability of the long (~12cm, rms) proton bunch in the plasma. This instability is used to transform the incoming bunch into a train of short bunches with a period approximately equal to the plasma wavelength, ~1.2mm at a nominal plasma electron density of 7·10¹⁴/cc. These experiments are planned for the end of 2016. Later, low energy (~15MeV) electrons will be externally injected to sample the wakefields and be accelerated beyond 1GeV. The main goals of the experiment will be summarized and the progress with the plasma source, beam diagnostics and injection method will be presented. * AWAKE Collaboration, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 56 084013 (2014)
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOXGB3

LHC Commissioning at Higher Energy

operation, dipole, hardware, cryogenics

6

P. Collier, F. Bordry, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC has just come to the end of its first Long Shutdown (LS1) and preparations are underway to prepare for Run 2 data taking at 13 TeV centre of mass energy. After briefly recalling the major work undertaken during the 2-year long LS1, details will be given of the cool-down and hardware commissioning phase where each individual superconducting circuit is individually qualified for operation at nominal current. For the main dipole circuits this phase was completed with a quench training campaign in order to operate reliably at the required field. In parallel to the training campaign a rigorous cold checkout has been used to qualify the machine as an ensemble and to establish the conditions necessary for beam operation. The details of this phase will be given together with associated dry runs and beam injection tests. Finally, the latest news will be presented concerning the beam commissioning of the machine in preparation for first physics operation, which will hopefully begin in June.

Slides MOXGB3 [8.452 MB]

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MOAB3

Commissioning Results of the New BPM Electronics of the ESRF Booster Synchrotron

booster, electronics, extraction, controls

24

M. Cargnelutti
I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia
K.B. Scheidt
ESRF, Grenoble, France

The 75 BPM stations of the Booster Synchrotron of the ESRF have been equiped with new RF electronics from December 2014. This new BPM system is based on the commercial Libera-Spark system and now provides beam position data at various output rates, and with a possible time resolution even below that of the orbit-turn time (1 us). All modules are situated inside the Booster tunnel and powered by an Ethernet cable. This implies that the RF cables from the BPM blocks are less then 3 m and only a single trigger signal in daisy chain is sufficient to keep the 75 stations in turn-by-turn phase over the full energy ramping (200 MeV to 6 GeV) time of typically 50 ms. The high sensitivity of the system yields excellent performance at very low beam currents down to 1 0uA. Full results of the system, including the application as a high quality betatron tune monitor, will be presented.

Slides MOAB3 [5.781 MB]

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MOBB1

Status of the Proton Beam Commissioning at the MedAustron Ion Beam Therapy Centre

proton, acceleration, extraction, synchrotron

28

A. Garonna, M. Kronberger, T.K.D. Kulenkampff, C. Kurfürst, F. Osmić, L.C. Penescu, M.T.F. Pivi, C. Schmitzer, P. Urschütz, A. Wastl
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria

The MedAustron accelerator, located in Wiener Neustadt (Austria), will deliver clinical beams of protons (60-250 MeV) and carbon ions (120-400 MeV/n) to three ion beam therapy irradiation rooms (IR). Clinical beams and proton beams up to 800 MeV will be provided in a fourth IR, dedicated to non-clinical research. A slow-extracted proton beam of maximum clinical energy has been delivered for the first time in IR3 in October 2014, thus providing the technical proof-of-principle of the accelerator chain. The recent related beam commissioning efforts included setting up of the multi-turn injection into the synchrotron at 7 MeV, the acceleration on first harmonic up to 250 MeV, the slow extraction on the third integer resonance with a betatron core and the matching of the High Energy Beam Transfer line. The accelerator optimization phase leading to IR3 medical commissioning of proton beams is ongoing. The main characteristics of the MedAustron accelerator system will be presented, along with the results obtained during the commissioning process.

Slides MOBB1 [6.596 MB]

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MOPWA002

Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions in Crossed-Field Devices

electron, cathode, space-charge, simulation

74

S. Marini, R. Pakter, F.B. Rizzato
IF-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Funding: This work was partially supported by CNPq and FAPERGS, Brazil, and by the US-AFOSR under the grant FA9550-09-1-0283.
This work presents a fully kinetic description to model the electron flow in the electronic crossed-field configuration observed in a smooth-bore magnetron. Through this model, it has been observed that, according to the electromagnetic field, the injection temperature and the charge density, the electron flow can be classified in two different stationary modes: magnetic insulation mode where most of the electrons returning to the cathode after a transient time and Child-Langmuir mode where most of the electrons reach the anode after a transient time. Focusing on magnetic insulated mode, it has been found that charge density and injection temperature define whether electrons are accelerated (accelerating regime) or decelerated (space-charge limited regime) on the cathode. Besides, when the injection temperature is relatively low (high), a small charge increase causes (does not cause) an abrupt transition between accelerating and space-charge limited regime. Basing on the results, it was possible to identify a critical temperature that separates abrupt and continuous behavior. The results have been verified by using self-consistent computer simulations*.
*S. Marini, F. B. Rizzato, and R. Pakter, Phys. Plasmas 21, 083111 (2014).

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MOPWA026

Demonstration of Flat Ion Beam Creation and Injection into a Synchrotron

emittance, solenoid, synchrotron, ion

153

L. Groening, S. Appel, L.H.J. Bozyk, Y. El Hayek, M.T. Maier, C. Xiao
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

At GSI an ion beam with different horizontal and vertical emittances has been created from a beam with initially equal emittances. This round-to-flat adoption has been accomplished without any beam loss. In the set-up the beam passes through a stripping foil placed inside a solenoid followed by a skewed quadrupole triplet. The amount of beam flatness has been controlled by setting the solenoid field strength only. Increase of the product of the two transverse emittances is purely due to the stripping process that occurs anyway along an ion linac. Beams with different amounts of flatness were injected into a synchrotron applying horizontal multi-turn injection. The efficiency of injection increased as smaller as the horizontal emittance was set by the round-to-flat adaptor.

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MOPWA036

Status of Injection Studies into the Figure-8 Storage Ring

simulation, experiment, kicker, ion

187

J.F. Wagner, A. Ates, M. Droba, O. Meusel, H. Niebuhr, D. Noll, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The ongoing investigations on the design of the Figure-8 Storage Ring* at Frankfurt University focus on the beam injection. The research includes simulations as well as a scaled down experiment. The studies for an optimized adiabatic magnetic injection channel, starting from a moderate magnetic field up to a maximum of 6 Tesla, with a realistic field model of toroidal coils due to beam dynamics with space charge will be shown. For the envisaged ExB kicker system the simulations deal with beam potential constraints and a multi-turn injection concept in combination with an adiabatic magnetic compression. To investigate the concept of the beam injection into a toroidal magnetic field, a scaled down room temperature experiment is implemented at the university. It is composed of two 30 degree toroidal segments, two volume ion sources, two solenoids and two different types of beam detectors. The experiment is used to investigate the beam transport and dynamics of the laterally injected and “circulating” beam through the magnetic configuration. To set up the injection experiment, theoretical calculations and beam simulations with bender** are used.
* M. Droba et al., Proc. of IPAC'14, Dresden, Germany, TUPRO045
** D. Noll, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger, K. Schulte, C.Wiesner, Proc. of HB2014, East Lansing, USA, WEO4LR02

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MOPWA053

Emittance Preservation in SuperKEKB Injector

emittance, wakefield, simulation, linac

239

S. Kazama, Y. Ogawa, M. Satoh, H. Sugimoto, M. Yoshida
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Injector linac at KEK is now under the way to produce high current and low emittance beams for SuperKEKB. The target luminosity for SuperKEKB is 40 times higher than that of KEKB. Short-range transverse wakefield and dispersive effects at the linac cause an emittance growth, and longitudinal wakefield effect enlarges an energy spread of the beams. In this presentation, we will report simulation studies of the emittance preservation issues and how to suppress the increase of the energy spread of the beams.

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MOPWA058

Measurement Results of the Impedance of the RF-cavity at the RCS in J-PARC

impedance, cavity, kicker, proton

255

Y. Shobuda, H. Harada, H. Hotchi
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

The kicker impedance dominates at the RCS in J-PARC. Recently, we observe beam instabilities, which are not explained by the kicker. As a candidate causing the beam instability, the impedance of the RF-cavity is measured. The longitudinal impedance is measured by stretching a single-wire inside the cavity. On the other hand, the measurement of the transverse impedance is done by horizontally shifting the single-wire, due to the accuracy problem. The measured impedance is too low to explain the beam instability.

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MOPJE009

Lattice Design of the SSRF-U Storage Ring

emittance, storage-ring, lattice, dynamic-aperture

304

S.Q. Tian, B.C. Jiang, M.Z. Zhang, Q.L. Zhang, Z.T. Zhao
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Multi-Bend Achromatic (MBA) cell has been well known to significantly reduce the beam emittance of the synchrotron radiation light sources in the past two decades. With the great development of the high gradient magnets, the small-aperture vacuum chamber and the precise alignment, the ultimate-emittance ring based on MBA lattice became practical in recent years. We present a preliminary lattice design for the upgraded SSRF storage ring based on a 7BA lattice in this paper. The circumference and the number of the straight sections are preserved for the existing tunnel. The beam energy is reduced to 3 GeV, and the beam emittance is reduced to about 200 pm.rad. The optimized dynamic aperture is about 10 mm in the horizontal plane, and a sufficient beam injection based on the closed orbit bump can be implemented.

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MOPJE015

Compensations of the DEPU Effects at the SSRF Storage Ring

quadrupole, coupling, dynamic-aperture, sextupole

307

M.Z. Zhang, B.C. Jiang, J.H. Tan, S.Q. Tian, M. Zhang, Q.L. Zhang
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

A paired APPLE-II type Ellipsoid Polarized Undulator（DEPU）has been installed in the SSRF storage ring which can be mechanically switched between two undulators with difference period length. One of them get notable effects on the optics including CODs, tune, coupling and dynamic aperture. We report in this paper, feed forward tables of correctors, quadrupoles and skew quarupoles are used for the optics correction and sextupole optimization is used for the dynamic aperture recovery.

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MOPJE027

Beam-based Impedance Characterization of the ALBA Pinger Magnet

impedance, simulation, vacuum, synchrotron

334

U. Iriso, T.F.G. Günzel
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
H. Bartosik, E. Koukovini-Platia, G. Rumolo
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The ALBA pinger magnet consists on two short kickers (for horizontal and vertical planes) installed in a single Titanium coated ceramic vacuum chamber. Single bunch measurements in the vertical plane were performed in the ALBA Synchrotron Light Source before and after the pinger installation, and by comparing the Transverse Mode Coupling Instability (TMCI) thresholds for zero chromaticity, we infer the pinger impedance and compare it with the model predictions. We also perform measurements for negative chromaticities and results are reported in this paper.

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MOPJE038

Impedance Studies of the LHC Injection Kicker Magnets for HL-LHC

impedance, coupling, kicker, simulation

370

H.A. Day, M.J. Barnes, L.M.C. Feliciano
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC injection kicker magnets (MKIs) experienced strong heating during the first operational run, identified as being caused by power loss due to wakefields induced by stored beam. Studies of the beam coupling impedance of the beam screen, a series of conductors embedded in a ceramic tube placed in the ferrite yoke to screen the ferrite from the beam, resulted in new design offering improved screening: this is predicted to reduce the heating to acceptable levels for operation with 25ns beam during Run 2 of the LHC. However higher beam intensities proposed for HL-LHC operation are predicted to again cause strong heating to occur. Further studies have been carried out to reduce the beam induced power loss by optimising the beam screen design, some key results and findings of which are presented here.

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MOPJE042

Longitudinal Injection Schemes For the CERN PS Booster at 160 MeV Including Space Charge Effects

space-charge, linac, simulation, emittance

378

V. Forte, E. Benedetto, A.M. Lombardi, D. Quartullo
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In the frame of the LHC Injectors Upgrade project, the CERN PS Booster will be equipped with a H⁻ injection system at 160 MeV to tailor the initial transverse and longitudinal profiles. We are here reviewing the different multi-turn longitudinal injection schemes, from the beam dynamics point of view, taking into account the needs of the large variety of the PSB users, spanning in intensity from 5·10⁹ to about 1.6·10¹³ protons per bunch. The baseline of the longitudinal injection has always been the longitudinal stacking with central energy modulation: this scheme has the advantage of filling uniformly the RF bucket and mitigate transverse space charge, but it requires at least 40 turns of injection. A simpler injection protocol without energy modulation is here analyzed in detail to find the optimum initial conditions in terms of bucket filling and reduction of transverse and longitudinal space charge effects, with the advantage of minimizing the number of turns for the LHC beams. Simulations with space charge of the longitudinal injection process from different Linac4 trains are presented to fix possible longitudinal injection scenarios during the future commissioning and operation with Linac4.

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MOPJE048

Electron-Cloud Studies for Transversely Split Beams

electron, resonance, simulation, extraction

399

N. Pradhan, S.S. Gilardoni, M. Giovannozzi, G. Iadarola, G. Rumolo
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
N. Pradhan
UMiss, University, Mississippi, USA

Recently, resonance crossing has been proposed as a means of manipulating the transverse beam distribution. This technique has application, among other topics, to injection and extraction schemes. Moreover, the transversely split beams might also be used as a mitigation measure of electron-cloud effects. The results of detailed numerical simulations are discussed in this paper, possibly opening new options for scrubbing of beam pipes in circular accelerators.

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MOPJE070

Reduction of Electron Cloud in Particle Accelerator Beampipes Studied by RF Multipacting

electron, vacuum, detector, network

472

R. Leber, F. Caspers, P. Costa Pinto, M. Taborelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

For a given beam structure, chamber geometry and magnetic field configuration, the electron cloud (EC) intensity depends on the Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) of the beam pipe. The reduction of the EC density as a function of machine operation time (scrubbing) is attributed to the growth of a low SEY carbon film induced by electron bombardment. In this paper, we study the time evolution of the conditioning of stainless steel beam pipes in a laboratory setup. The EC or multipacting is induced by Radio-Frequency (RF) fields in a coaxial resonator under vacuum. Strip detectors are used to monitor the current of the EC. Induced pressure rise is simultaneously detected. The multipacting intensity shows a linear dependence on the positive DC bias voltage up to 1000 V, applied to the central electrode. An accelerated conditioning is observed for the applied bias voltage. The SEY of samples exposed to the EC is measured and the surface composition is monitored by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The measured SEY, surface composition and multipacting behaviour are well correlated. The injection of acetylene and dodecane during multipacting proved to be ineffective in the conditioning.

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MOPJE074

Optimizing SLS-2 Nonlinearities Using a Multi-Objective Genetic Optimizer

sextupole, resonance, optics, octupole

486

M.P. Ehrlichman, M. Aiba, A. Streun
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

An upgrade to the SLS is currently under development. This upgrade will likely utilize the same hall and same machine circumference, 288 m, of the SLS. Achieving a sufficiently low emittance with such a small circumference requires tight focusing and low dispersion. These conditions make chromaticity correction difficult and minimization of 1st and 2nd order non-linear driving terms does not yield sufficient dynamic aperture and Touschek lifetime. In this proceeding, we discuss the multi-objective genetic optimization method being implemented at SLS to aid the design of a chromaticity correction scheme for SLS2.

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MOPMA002

Optimising the Diamond DDBA Upgrade Lattice for Low Alpha Operation

lattice, optics, storage-ring, dynamic-aperture

525

I.P.S. Martin, R. Bartolini
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
R. Bartolini
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

The Diamond storage ring will be upgraded during 2016 by replacing one of the existing double bend achromat (DBA) cells with a double-DBA (DDBA) cell*. One requirement of the upgrade is that following the installation of the new cell, Diamond should continue to offer dedicated user time in ‘low alpha’ mode**. In this paper we describe the particular challenges relating to this task, and present the lattice design and optimisation studies undertaken so far. The paper concludes by discussing preliminary studies of adding a second DDBA cell into the storage ring.
* R.P. Walker et al., Proc. IPAC 2014, MOPRO103, (2014)
** I.P.S. Martin et al., Proc. IPAC 2013, MOPEA070, (2013)

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MOPMA006

Modeling RF Feedback in Elegant for Bunch-Lengthening Studies for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade

feedback, cavity, storage-ring, impedance

540

T.G. Berenc, M. Borland
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The proposed Advanced Photon Source (APS) multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice includes a passive bunch-lengthening cavity to alleviate lifetime and emittance concerns. Feedback in the main radio-frequency (rf) system affects the overall impedance presented to the beam in this double rf system. To aid beam stability studies, a realistic model of rf feedback has been developed and implemented in elegant and Pelegant.

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MOPMA026

Proposed Cavity for Reduced Slip-Stacking Loss

cavity, booster, emittance, beam-loading

600

J.S. Eldred
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
J.S. Eldred, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

This paper employs a novel dynamical mechanism to improve the performance of slip-stacking. Slip-stacking in an accumulation technique used at Fermilab since 2004 which nearly double the proton intensity. During slip-stacking, the Recycler or the Main Injector stores two particles beams that spatially overlap but have different momenta. The two particle beams are longitudinally focused by two 53 MHz 100 kV RF cavities with a small frequency difference between them. We propose an additional 106 MHz 20 kV RF cavity, with a frequency at the double the average of the upper and lower main RF frequencies. In simulation, we find the proposed RF cavity significantly enhances the stable bucket area and reduces slip-stacking losses under reasonable injection scenarios. We quantify and map the stability of the parameter space for any accelerator implementing slip-stacking with the addition of a harmonic RF cavity.

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MOPMA027

Electron Cloud Measurements in Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler

electron, vacuum, proton, operation

604

J.S. Eldred
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
M. Backfish, J.S. Eldred, C.-Y. Tan, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

This conference paper presents a series of electron cloud measurements in the Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler. A new instability was observed in the Recycler in July 2014 that generates a fast transverse excitation in the first high intensity batch to be injected. Microwave measurements of electron cloud in the Recycler show a corresponding dependence on the batch injection pattern. These electron cloud measurements are compared to those made with a retarding field analyzer (RFA) installed in a field-free region of the Recycler in November. RFAs are also used in the Main Injector to evaluate the performance of beampipe coatings for the mitigation of electron cloud. Contamination from an unexpected vacuum leak revealed a potential vulnerability in the amorphous carbon beampipe coating. The diamond-like carbon coating, in contrast, reduced the electron cloud signal to 1\% of that measured in uncoated stainless steel beampipe.

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MOPMN003

Dynamic Aperture Studies for the LHC High Luminosity Lattice

lattice, luminosity, optics, quadrupole

705

M. Giovannozzi, R. De Maria, E. McIntosh
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Y. Cai, Y. Nosochkov, M.-H. Wang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the US LHC Accelerator Research Program and the DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. Research supported by FP7 HiLumi LHC, Grant Agreement 284404, http://hilumilhc.web.cern.ch.
Since quite some time, dynamic aperture studies have been undertaken with the aim of specifying the required field quality of the new magnets that will be installed in the LHC ring in the framework of the high-luminosity upgrade. In this paper the latest results concerning the specification work will be presented, taking into account both injection and collision energies and the field quality contribution from all the magnets in the newly designed interaction regions.

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MOPHA002

Operational Applications - a Software Framework Used for the Commissioning of the MedAustron Accelerator

framework, software, operation, controls

773

A. Wastl, M. Hager, M. Regodic
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria

MedAustron is a synchrotron-based cancer therapy and non-clinical research center located in Austria. Its accelerator is currently being commissioned prior to first medical treatment. During the tuning of the machine, many iterations of measurements involving several parameter changes are performed in order to optimize the accelerator’s performance. An operation and measurement software framework called 'Operational Application Framework' (OpApp) has been developed for this purpose. It follows a modular approach and provides basic methods like ‘write to file’ or ‘measure beam position monitor‘. By appropriately combining modules, OpApps performing automatized measurements and complex procedures can be created. A detailed description of the setup as well as examples of use are provided here.

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MOPHA012

A New FPGA Based Timing System at ELSA

timing, FPGA, booster, extraction

802

D. Proft, W. Hillert
ELSA, Bonn, Germany

At the electron stretcher facility ELSA a beam intensity upgrade from 20 mA to 200 mA is in progress. Investigations showed, that the maximum beam current is currently limited by excitation of beam instabilities. For separated characterization of single bunch instabilities from multi-bunch ones, a high beam current stored in a single revolving bunch is required. These high beam currents can only be achieved by accumulation of many shots from the injector. The existing timing system is not capable of single bunch injection and accumulation in the main stretcher ring. Therefore a new FPGA based timing system, synchronized to the RF system of the accelerator, has been developed which will completely supersede the existing one. Simultaneously the ‘‘slow'' timing system, providing trigger signals for the typically 6 s long accelerator cycle, is also modernized using a similar FPGA based solution to achieve a much better duty cycle during standard operation. In this contribution the FPGA designs laying the focus on the single bunch accumulation will be presented.

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MOPHA019

Implementation of a High Level Phase Controller for the Superconducting Injector of the S-DALINAC

electron, controls, cavity, EPICS

814

T. Bahlo, C. Burandt, F. Hug, N. Pietralla
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: This work has been supported by the DFG through CRC 634
The Superconducting DArmstadt LINear Accelerator S‑DALINAC is a recirculating electron accelerator with a design energy of 130 MeV. It operates in cw-mode at a radio frequency of 3 GHz and provides either unpolarized or polarized electron beams. Before entering the main accelerator the electron beam passes both, a normal-conducting injector beamline for beam preparation and a superconducting 10 MeV injector beamline for preacceleration. The phase of the beam which is injected into the 40 MeV main accelerator is crucial for the efficiency of the acceleration process and the minimization of the energy spread. Due to thermal drifts of the normal-conducting injector cavities this injection phase varies by about 0.2 degree over a timescale of an hour. In order to compensate these drifts, a high level phase controller has been implemented. It adjusts the phase measured at an rf-monitor at the exit of the superconducting injector by changing the phase of a prebuncher in the normal-conducting injector beamline. We will present the used hardware, the control algorithm as well as measurements showing the phase stabilization achieved by this controller.

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MOPTY003

Measurement of Momentum Spread of the Injection Beam with Longitudinal Tomography Method in the J-PARC RCS

linac, acceleration, operation, synchrotron

944

M. Yoshimoto, H. Harada, H. Hotchi, M. Kinsho, P.K. Saha, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

In the J-PARC RCS, the beam tuning toward the design output beam power of 1MW were started after the completing of the beam energy and beam current upgrades in the LINAC. One of the important issues to achieve the 1MW beam operation is the optimization of the injection beam from the LINAC. Due to the longitudinal beam tuning in the LINAC, the momentum spread of the injected beam into the RCS was measured with the longitudinal tomography method. Our longitudinal tomography tool had been developed using the simple algorithm with the Convolution Back-Projection (CBP) method for the beam storage mode of the RCS. Accordingly, we improved this tool to expand into the acceleration mode.

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MOPTY006

Study on the Injection Beam Commissioning Software for CSNS/RCS

controls, software, interface, linac

950

M.Y. Huang, L. Huang, W.B. Liu, J. Qiu, S. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: Funding Agency: Work supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11205185, 11175020, 11175193 )
The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) accelerator uses H⁻ stripping and phase space painting method of filling large ring acceptance with the linac beam of small emittance. The beam commissioning software system is the key part of CSNS accelerator. The injection beam commissioning software for CSNS contains three parts currently: painting curve control, injection beam control and injection orbit correction. The injection beam control contains two subsections: single bunch beam calculation and LRBT beam control at the foil. The injection orbit correction also contains two subsections: injection orbit correction by the calculation and injection trim power control.

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MOPTY020

An Intelligent Trigger Abnormal Beam Operation Monitoring Processor at the SSRF

monitoring, FPGA, operation, status

978

L.W. Lai, Z.C. Chen, Y.B. Leng, Y.B. Yan
SSRF, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by National Nature Science Fundation of China(11305253)(11375255)(11105211)
An intelligent trigger abnormal beam operation monitoring processor has been designed at the SSRF. By applying digital signal processing algorithms in FPGA, the processor keeps monitoring the beam operation status. It will output a trigger signal and store the turn-by-turn beam position data when abnormal events detected. The abnormal events include injection, beam loss, and abnormal disturbance. This ability makes the processor a powerful tool for abnormal operation causes analysing and machine study.

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MOPTY021

Measurement of Clock Jitter in Beam Diagnostic System

simulation, diagnostics, beam-diagnostic, extraction

981

Y. Yang, Y.B. Leng, Y.B. Yan
SSRF, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Low clock jitter can improve the performance of beam diagnostic system. This paper presents a procedure for the direct measurement of low-level clock jitter. High resolution spectrum analyzer or broadband high sampling rate oscilloscope is not demanded by using this method. Simulation will be introduced.

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MOPTY022

Bunch by Bunch DBPM Processor Development and Preliminary Experiment in SSRF*

hardware, betatron, FPGA, experiment

984

Y.B. Leng, Z.C. Chen, L.W. Lai, Y.B. Yan, Y. Yang
SSRF, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by Chinese NSFC11375255.
Digital BPM processor with turn-by-turn capability has been widely used in synchrotron radiation facilities over the world, which is proved to be very useful and powerful for daily operation and linear optics study but not good enough in the case of individual bunch information required. In order to sufficient individual bunch diagnostics requirements a development plan of the next generation DBPM processor with bunch-by-bunch capability has been initiated in SINAP since 2012. The whole development was divided into three steps: a concept processor based on digital oscilloscope IOC, an algorithm prototype processor based on commercial high speed ADC board, and a custom designed dedicated processor. The progress of this work and several preliminary beam experiments will be discussed in this paper.

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MOPTY041

Prototype Results with a Complete Beam Loss Monitor System Optimized for Synchrotron Light Sources

electron, detector, electronics, impedance

1019

P. Leban
I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia
K.B. Scheidt
ESRF, Grenoble, France

Beam loss monitors in synchrotron light sources are finding an increasing utility in particular with the trend of numerous light sources pushing to lower emittances and thus higher intra-beam scattering, while operating in top-up injection modes and employing in-vacuum undulators in their rings. The development of an optimized electron BeamLoss Monitor aims at fulfilling, in one single system, all possible functionalities and applications like both the measurement of fast-time-resolved losses at injection and the possibility of ultra-sensitive detection of low & slow electron loss level variations. This optimized beam loss monitor system comprises both the acquisition electronics and up to four sensor head per unit. The sensor heads themselves, that can be configured for different sizes or volumes, are based on the detection of the electromagnetic shower resulting from an electron loss through the use of either Cherenkov radiator or gamma scintillator and a photomultiplier tube, all assembled in a single compact housing ready for installation.

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MOPTY055

Beam Loss Monitoring for Run 2 of the LHC

monitoring, detector, database, beam-losses

1057

M.K. Kalliokoski, B. Auchmann, B. Dehning, F.S. Domingues Sousa, E. Effinger, J. Emery, V. Grishin, E.B. Holzer, S. Jackson, B. Kolad, E. Nebot Del Busto, O. Picha, C. Roderick, M. Sapinski, M. Sobieszek, C. Zamantzas
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) system of the LHC consists of over 3600 ionization chambers. The main task of the system is to prevent the superconducting magnets from quenching and protect the machine components from damage, as a result of critical beam losses. The BLM system therefore requests a beam abort when the measured dose in the chambers exceeds a threshold value. During Long Shutdown 1 (LS1) a series of modifications were made to the system. Based on the experience from Run 1 and from improved simulation models, all the threshold settings were revised, and modified where required. This was done to improve the machine safety at 7 TeV, and to reduce beam abort requests when neither a magnet quench or damage to machine components is expected. In addition to the updates of the threshold values, about 800 monitors were relocated. This improves the response to unforeseen beam losses in the millisecond time scale due to micron size dust particles present in the vacuum chamber. This contribution will discuss all the changes made to the BLM system, with the reasoning behind them.

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MOPTY065

Beam Stability of the Taiwan Light Source Storage Ring

betatron, storage-ring, electron, network

1091

H.C. Chen, H.H. Chen, Y.-S. Cheng, S.J. Huang, C.H. Kuo, J.A. Li, Y.K. Lin
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The Taiwan Light Source Storage Ring (SR) has been in operation since many years ago. Maintaining best stability of the electron beam is becoming the main challenge. This study endeavored to improve the electron beam stability of The Taiwan Light Source Storage Ring (SR). Employing the artificial neural network (ANN)-constructed experiment design to analyze and optimize the storage ring betatron tunes .This report outlines the details of the beam stability process experiment.

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MOPTY072

Beam Loss Study of TLS Using RadFETs

radiation, storage-ring, controls, booster

1103

C.H. Huang, J. Chen, Y.-S. Cheng, K.T. Hsu, K.H. Hu, D. Lee, C.Y. Wu
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

To realize the beam loss during the operation of Taiwan light source, P-type radiation-sensing field-effect transistors are setup around the storage ring. A sixteen-channel readout box is used to read the threshold voltage of the radiation-sensing field-effect transistors during irradiation. The beam loss distribution and mechanism at the injection period, decay mode and top up injection for routing operation will be studied in this report.

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MOPTY073

Commissioning of BPM System for TPS Booster Synchrotron

booster, electronics, synchrotron, storage-ring

1106

P.C. Chiu, Y.-S. Cheng, K.T. Hsu, K.H. Hu, C.H. Kuo
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The TPS is a latest generation of high brightness synchrotron light source and ready for commissioning. It consists of a 150 MeV electron linac, a booster synchrotron, a 3 GeV storage ring, and experimental beam lines. The BPM electronics Libera Brilliance⁺ are adopted for booster and storage ring of Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). The provided BPM data is useful for beam commissioning where it can be used to measure beam position, rough beam intensity along the longitudinal position and also for tune measurement. This report summarizes the efforts on BPM measurement and related diagnostic tools during TPS booster commissioning.

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MOPTY077

Control Interface of Pulse Magnet Power Supply for TPS Project

controls, EPICS, kicker, power-supply

1120

C.Y. Wu, J. Chen, Y.-S. Cheng, C.-S. Fann, K.T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, K.H. Hu, C.H. Huang, D. Lee, C.Y. Liao, K.-K. Lin
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The TPS (Taiwan Photon Source) is low emittance 3 GeV synchrotron light source. The design and implementation of a pulse magnet power supply control system for beam injection and extraction were done. The EPICS embedded programmable logic controller (PLC) was applied to control pulse magnet power supply. The system comprises various input/output modules and a CPU module with built-in Ethernet interface. The control information (status of the power supply, ON, OFF, warn up, reset, reading/setting voltage, etc.) can be accessed remotely using EPICS client tools. The TPS timing system provide trigger signals for pulse magnet power supplies. The Ethernet-based oscilloscope is employed to observe current waveform of pulse magnet power supply with EPICS support. This paper describes control interface and operation GUI for the TPS pulse magnet power supply.

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MOPWI002

Bunch Length Measurements using Synchrotron Light Monitor

linac, emittance, synchrotron, dipole

1143

M.M. Ali, M.G. Tiefenback
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

The bunch length is measured at CEBAF using an invasive technique. The technique depends on applying an energy chirp for the electron bunch and imaging it through a dispersive region. The measurements are taken through Arc1 and Arc2 at CEBAF. The fundamental equations, procedure and the latest results are given.

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TUYC2

Multi-GeV Plasma Acceleration Results at BELLA

laser, plasma, electron, experiment

1319

A.J. Gonsalves, C. Benedetti, S.S. Bulanov, J. Daniels, E. Esarey, C.G.R. Geddes, H.S. Mao, D.E. Mittelberger, K. Nakamura, C.B. Schroeder, C. Tóth, J. van Tilborg
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
W. Leemans
UCB, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231
Laser-plasma accelerators (LPAs)* are being investigated as a compact driver for light sources and high-energy linear colliders. Recently 2 GeV beams were generated by focusing ≈ 100 J laser pulses onto a gas target**. We report here on the generation of beams with energy up to 4.2 GeV using 16 J of laser pulse energy at the BErkeley Lab Laser Accelerator (BELLA)***. This was achieved by using laser pulses of high spatial and temporal quality coupled to a pre-formed capillary discharge waveguide of length 9 cm. The waveguide (in conjunction with self-guiding) allowed for mitigation of diffraction. High spatial quality (Strehl ratio at focus 0.8±0.1) was achieved using a deformable mirror placed before the focusing optic. The dominant contribution to the non-Gaussian content of the focal spot was the near-field intensity profile. For maximum efficiency high-power femtosecond systems employ super-Gaussian near-field profiles of the form I(r)∝e^-2(r/w^N), where I is the intensity, r is the radial coordinate, w is the spot size, and N is the order. Compared with Gaussian laser pulses where N=2, pulses from the BELLA laser system had N=10. Simulations showed that an increased contribution of self-guiding was required to effectively confine the laser energy for optimum acceleration and mitigation of damage to the capillary waveguide. Through appropriate choice of plasma density electron beams with energy up to 4.2 GeV were observed. In this regime the electron beam angular fluctuations were > 2 mrad rms, caused in part by errors in waveguide alignment and by laser-induced damage to the capillary that introduces plasma asymmetry. Improved alignment of the waveguide and mitigation of capillary damage allowed for reduction in angular fluctuations to 0.6 mrad rms. The electron beams had energy of 2.7±0.1 GeV, charge of 150 pC, and divergence less than 1 mrad.
* E. Esarey, et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1229 (2009)
** X. Wang, et al., Nat. Communications 4, 1988 (2013)
*** W. P. Leemans, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 245002 (2014)

Slides TUYC2 [13.023 MB]

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TUAB1

Correction of Nonlinear Coupling Resonances in the SPring-8 Storage Ring

coupling, resonance, octupole, sextupole

1329

M. Takao, K. Fukami, Y. Shimosaki, K. Soutome
JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan

The correction of the lattice nonlinearity of the storage rings is crucial for the enlargement of the dynamic aperture of the storage rings, which in general leads to the higher injection efficiency and the longer lifetime. At the SPring-8 storage ring, it is realized that the higher order coupling resonances are considerably excited. After the usual correction of the nonlinear dynamics in terms of the normal sextupole magnets, we suppress one of the resonances by using the skew sextupole magnets for the purpose of further improving the dynamic aperture. As a result of the correction by the skew sextupoles, the reckoned improvement of the injection efficiency and the lifetime is achieved. Furthermore, at the SPring-8 storage ring, it is observed that the error magnetic field of a particular insertion device (ID) excites the higher nonlinear coupling resonance of the skew octupoles, which remarkably deteriorates the injection efficiency. In order to correct the coupling resonance, we have installed the octupole magnets at the ID, by which we restore the injection efficiency.

Slides TUAB1 [3.275 MB]

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TUBB3

Recent Progress of J-PARC RCS Beam Commissioning - Toward Realizing the 1-MW Output Beam Power

scattering, acceleration, operation, quadrupole

1346

H. Hotchi
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

Via a series of the injector linac upgrades in 2013 and 2014, the J-PARC RCS got all the design parameters. Thus the RCS is now in the final beam commissioning phase aiming for the 1-MW design output beam power. This paper presents the recent progress of the RCS beam commissioning, mainly focusing on our approaches to beam loss issues that appeared on the process of the beam power ramp-up.

Slides TUBB3 [2.299 MB]

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TUBD1

Optics Measurement and Correction during Acceleration with Beta-squeeze in RHIC

optics, acceleration, quadrupole, emittance

1380

C. Liu, A. Marusic, M.G. Minty
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
In the past, beam optics correction at RHIC has only taken place at injection and at final energy, with interpolation of corrections partially into the acceleration cycle. Recent measurements of the beam optics during acceleration and squeeze have evidenced significant beta-beats that, if corrected, could minimize undesirable emittance dilutions and maximize the spin polarization of polarized proton beams by avoiding the high-order multipole fields sampled by particles within the bunch. We recently demonstrated successfully beam optics corrections during acceleration at RHIC. We verified conclusively the superior control of the beam realized via these corrections. As a valuable by-product, these corrections have minimized the beta-beat at the profile monitors, so providing more precise measurements of the evolution of the beam emittances during acceleration.

Slides TUBD1 [1.581 MB]

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TUPWA013

Linear and Nonlinear Optimizations for the ESRF Upgrade Lattice

sextupole, lattice, dynamic-aperture, optics

1422

N. Carmignani, L. Farvacque, S.M. Liuzzo, B. Nash, T.P. Perron, P. Raimondi, R. Versteegen, S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France

The ESRF storage ring will be replaced in 2020 by a new hybrid multi bend achromat lattice with 134 pmrad equilibrium horizontal emittance. To determine the best working point, large scans of tunes and chromaticities have been performed, computing Touschek lifetime and dynamic aperture. From different working points, the multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-II has been used to optimize the nonlinear magnets values and some linear optics parameters. The analysis have been carried out on lattices with errors and corrections. The optimizations have produced lattices with longer lifetime and larger dynamic aperture for different working points with positive chromaticities.

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TUPJE005

Development of Pulsed Multipole Magnet for Aichi SR Storage Ring

storage-ring, electron, multipole, synchrotron

1616

K. Ito, M. Hosaka, A. Mano, T. Takano, Y. Takashima
Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
K. Hayashi, M. Katoh
UVSOR, Okazaki, Japan
N. Yamamoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The Aichi synchrotron radiation (Aichi SR) center is an industrial oriented synchrotron light source facility. The electron energy and circumference of the storage ring are 1.2 GeV and 72 m. The natural emittance is 53 nm-rad. Since the pulsed multipole injection scheme provides great advantages for relatively smaller SR rings*, we are developing a pulsed multipole injection system for Aichi SR storage ring. In this system, it is essential to minimize the perturbation to the stored beam. To realize the required performances, we have to minimize the residual field at stored beam position, taken into account the field generated by the copper current lead of the input terminal. In addition, we carried out the analytical calculation to estimate the magnet field due to the current lead and optimized the geometrical structure of them. Construction of the multipole magnet will be completed in March 2015 and the field measurement will be carried out in April. In this presentation, we report the detail of the magnet design and the measurement results of pulsed magnetic field for the manufactured magnet.
* N. Yamamoto, et. al., NIM A 767, 26-33 (2014)

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TUPJE006

Recent Developments of UVSOR-III

undulator, laser, operation, synchrotron

1619

M. Katoh, K. Hayashi, J. Yamazaki
UVSOR, Okazaki, Japan
M. Adachi, T. Konomi, N. Yamamoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Hosaka, Y. Takashima
Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

A 750 MeV low energy synchrotron light source, UVSOR, has been operational since 1983. About ten years after the first major upgrade in 2003, the second major upgrade was carried out in 2012, in which all the bending magnets were replaced with combined function ones and a new in-vacuum undulator was installed in the last straight section reserved for undulators. After this upgrade, the light source, UVSOR-III, has been operational with small emittance of 17 nm-rad, with six undulators, and fully with the top-up injection at 300mA. Adding to the present status of the accelerator, most recent progresses in the pulsed sextupole magnet for the beam injection and in the coherent light source development station will be presented.

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TUPJE018

On-axis Injection Scheme for Ultimate Storage Ring with Double RF Systems

synchrotron, emittance, storage-ring, radiation

1657

B.C. Jiang, S.Q. Tian, M.Z. Zhang, Q.L. Zhang, Z.T. Zhentang
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

An on-axis injection scheme using double RF systems for an ultimate storage ring which holds very small dynamic aperture is proposed. By altering RF voltages, empty RF buckets can be created which will be used for on-axis injection. After bunches are injected, a reverse voltage altering process is performed and the injected bunches can be longitudinally dumped to the main buckets.

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TUPJE023

Consideration on the Future Major Upgrades of the SSRF Storage Ring

storage-ring, cavity, emittance, optics

1672

Z.T. Zhao, B.C. Jiang, Y.B. Leng, S.Q. Tian, L. Yin, M.Z. Zhang
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

The SSRF storage ring was in operation from 2008, currently it is operating at the energy of 3.5GeV, the natural emittance of 3.9 nm-rad and the beam current of 240 mA, serving for 13 beamlines with 9 IDs. There will be around 40 operated beamlines around 2020, which need some upgrade of the storage ring existing performance, such as the new lattice with superbends. And looking for the future beyond, the major upgrade towards a diffraction limited storage ring is under consideration. This paper presents the initial investigation and the proposal on the ultimate storage ring upgrade for SSRF.

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TUPJE034

A Preliminary Report from Louisiana State University CAMD Storage Ring Operating with an 11-pole 7.5 T Wiggler

wiggler, operation, storage-ring, electron

1682

R.S. Amin, P. Jines, D.J. Launey, K.J. Morris, V.P. Suller, Y. Wang
LSU/CAMD, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
V.K. Lev, N.A. Mezentsev, V.A. Shkaruba, V.M. Syrovatin, O.A. Tarasenko, V.M. Tsukanov, A.A. Volkov, A.V. Zorin
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: Funded by the National Science Foundation.
Louisiana State University installed a 7.5 T superconducting wiggler in May 2013 on the electron storage ring located at the Bennett Johnson, Sr. Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD). The wiggler’s influence on betatron tunes and functions, orbit, lifetime, performance, and other relevant beam parameters are described. We further comment on device operations and modifications to ring operations that were necessary to provide light for both wiggler and dipole stations.

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TUPJE042

Transverse Tunes Determination from Mixed BPM Data

betatron, operation, storage-ring, coupling

1709

P. Zisopoulos, F. Antoniou, Y. Papaphilippou
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Hertle, A.-S. Müller
KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

Decoherence due to non-zero chromaticity and/or amplitude dependent tune-shift, but also damping mechanisms can affect the accurate tune determination by leaving a limited number of turns for frequency analysis of the turn by turn (TbT) position data. In order to by-pass these problems, Fourier analysis of mixed TBT data from all BPMs can be employed. The approach is applied in two different accelerators, a hadron collider as the LHC and a synchrotron light source as the ANKA storage ring. The impact in the accuracy of the method of missing BPM data is also discussed.

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TUPJE045

Round Beam Operation in Electron Storage Rings and generalisation of Mobius accelerator

quadrupole, emittance, insertion, lattice

1716

M. Aiba, M.P. Ehrlichman, A. Streun
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

A better performing photon beam can be obtained from light sources when the eletron beam is formed into a "round beam" rather than a flat beam. It is realised by equally distributing the natural emittance into the horizontal and vertical planes. There are a few approaches for the emittance distribution, and we explored the so-called Mobius accelerator scheme, where a transverse (horizontal-vertical) emittance exchange results at each turn of beam revolution. The original proposal of Mobius accelerator was based on a set of five succesive skew quadruples, requiring a dedicated long straight section. We generalise the Mobius accelerator section to find more convenient configurations. Applications to a light source storage ring lattice and some tracking results are also presented.

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TUPJE046

Investigation of the Injection Scheme for SLS 2.0

kicker, lattice, multipole, booster

1720

Á. Saá Hernández, M. Aiba
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

SLS2, an upgrade of the Swiss Light Source (SLS), aiming at a natural horizontal emittance in the range of 100 pm is planned and under study. This will be achieved by replacing the current magnet lattice of the electron storage ring by a new multibend achromat magnet lattice, while reusing the injector chain and most of the existing infrastructures. The new low emittance ring will impose more restrictive constraints on injection due to a smaller machine aperture and a very compact lattice, dominated by non-linearities. We performed a study to find the optimum injection scheme for SLS2 among the conventional and more advanced schemes; namely multipole kicker injection (off-axis and also on-axis matched to the off-momentum closed orbit) and longitudinal injection.

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TUPJE049

TPS Linac Relocation and Beam Test of the LTB Transfer Line

linac, optics, electron, quadrupole

1731

H.-P. Chang, A.Y. Chen, C.L. Chen, Y.-S. Cheng, C.-S. Fann, K.T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, K.-K. Lin, Y.C. Lin, J. Liu, K.L. Tsai
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) 150 MeV linac has been relocated from its 2011 test site to the TPS linac tunnel in 2014. After functional test of the linac hardware modules, the beam parameters were carefully examined at a 31-degree bend diagnostic beam line LTD (linac to beam dump) and compared with previous results. Then, the 150 MeV electron beam was delivered to the linac to booster transfer line (LTB) for beam commissioning. The beam optics matching at both the LTB entrance (i.e. linac exit) and the LTB exit (i.e. injection point of booster) was performed for injection optimization purpose. The LTB lattice setting was verified in the beam steering through LTD and LTB with the help of diagnostics tools such as beam profile monitors (SM) and beam position monitors (BPM). The overall performance of the linac and LTB will be described in this report.
#peace@nsrrc.org.tw

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TUPJE053

Hardware Improvements and Beam Commissioning of the Booster Ring in Taiwan Photon Source

booster, hardware, synchrotron, linac

1741

H.-J. Tsai, C.-T. Chen, J.Y. Chen, M.-S. Chiu, P.C. Chiu, P.J. Chou, K.T. Hsu, K.H. Hu, C.-C. Kuo, Y.-C. Liu, G.-H. Luo, F.H. Tseng
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), a low emittance 3-GeV third-generation synchrotron light source, began its hardware integration testing, safety checkout and beam commissioning on August 12, 2014 [1]. The booster ring and the storage ring share the same tunnel in a concentric fashion; the booster ring has circumference 496.8 m, the largest among light source facilities in operation. A combined-function FODO lattice is adopted for the booster ring with natural emittance 10 nm-rad. After hardware improvements were completed, the commissioning of the beam in the booster ring began on December 12 and attained the 3-GeV design energy on December 16.

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TUPJE061

Injection Studies for the Diamond Storage Ring

septum, kicker, storage-ring, lattice

1768

I.P.S. Martin, M. Apollonio, R. Bartolini
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
R. Bartolini
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

The Diamond storage ring will be upgraded during 2016 by replacing one of the existing double bend achromat (DBA) cells with a double-DBA (DDBA) cell*. It is anticipated that both the on and off momentum dynamic aperture will reduce as a result of this change. In order to prepare for this eventuality, injection into the Diamond storage ring has been recently studied in detail. In particular, the oscillation amplitude, angle and energy of the injected beam have been determined, along with the position of the stored beam with respect to the septum plate. Following these studies, the injected beam energy has been matched to the storage ring, and plans have been put in place to move the injection septum 4 mm closer to the stored beam centre line.
*R.P. Walker et al., “The Double-Double Bend Achromat (DDBA) Lattice Modification for the Diamond Storage Ring”, Proc. IPAC 2014, MOPRO103, (2014)

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TUPJE063

Hybrid Seven-Bend-Achromat Lattice for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade

lattice, emittance, multipole, sextupole

1776

M. Borland, V. Sajaev, Y. Sun
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
A hybrid seven-bend-achromat lattice has been designed for the APS upgrade. We describe the design goals, constraints, and methodology, including the choice of beam energy. Magnet strength and spacing is compatible with engineering designs for the magnets, diagnostics, and vacuum system. Dynamic acceptance and local momentum acceptance were simulated using realistic errors, then used to assess workable injection methods and predict beam lifetime. Predicted brightness is two to three orders of magnitude higher than the existing APS storage ring. Pointers are provided to other papers in this conference that cover subjects in more detail.

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TUPJE066

Development of an Abort Kicker at APS to Mitigate Beam Loss-induced Quenches of the Superconducting Undulator

kicker, beam-losses, septum, simulation

1787

K.C. Harkay, J.C. Dooling, Y. Ivanyushenkov, R. Laird, F. Lenkszus, C.C. Putnam, V. Sajaev, J. Wang
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The first superconducting undulator (SCU0) at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) has been delivering 80-100 keV photons for user science since January 2013. SCU0 often quenches during beam dumps triggered by the machine protection system (MPS). SCU0 typically recovers quickly after a quench, but SCU1, a second, longer device to be installed in 2015, may take longer to recover. We tested using injection kickers as an abort system to dump the beam away from SCU0 and the planned location of SCU1. An alternate trigger was tested that fires the kickers with MPS. We demonstrated that controlling the beam dump location with kickers can significantly reduce the beam losses at SCU0, as measured by fiber optic (FO) beam loss monitors (BLMs), and can also prevent a quench. A dedicated abort kicker system has been developed based on elegant simulations. A spare injection kicker was modified to produce the required waveform. Injection kicker tests, simulations, and the abort kicker design are described. Demonstration of this strategy in APS has implications for the APS Upgrade, where more SCUs are planned.

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TUPJE069

Fast Injection System R&D for the APS Upgrade

kicker, high-voltage, impedance, extraction

1797

F. Lenkszus, J. Carwardine, A.R. Cours, G. Decker, L.H. Morrison, X. Sun, J. Wang, F. Westferro, A. Xiao, C. Yao
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
A. Krasnykh
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Results in this report are derived from work performed at Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The MBA upgrade for the APS will operate with bunch swap out and on axis injection. The planned 324 bunch fill pattern places difficult demands on the injection and extraction kickers. The present concept uses dual stripline kickers driven by high Voltage pulsers. Minimizing perturbation on adjacent bunches requires very fast rise and fall times with relatively narrow ~20 nsec, 15 kV pulses. To achieve these requirements we have initiated a multifaceted R&D program. The R&D includes the HV pulser, stripline kicker and HV feedthrough. We have purchased a commercial dual channel HV pulser and are evaluating its performance and reliability. In addition, we are investigating the feasibility of using nonlinear ferrite loaded coaxial cables (shockwave transmission line) to sharpen the leading and trailing edges of high voltage pulses. We are also developing a prototype kicker and high voltage feedthrough. The requirements for injection and extraction, progress on prototype development and results of our HV pulser investigations will be reported.

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TUPJE071

Alternate Lattice Design for Advanced Photon Source Multi-Bend Achromat Upgrade

lattice, dipole, quadrupole, accumulation

1803

Y. Sun, M. Borland
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
A 67-pm hybrid-seven-bend achromat (H7BA) lattice is proposed for a future Advanced Photon Source (APS) multi-bend-achromat (MBA) upgrade. This lattice requires use of a swap-out (on-axis) injection scheme. Alternate lattice design work has also been performed to achieve better beam dynamics performance than the nominal APS MBA lattice, in order to allow beam accumulation. One of such alternate H7BA lattice designs, which still targets a very low emittance of 76 pm, is discussed in this paper. With these lattices, existing APS injector complex can be employed without the requirement of a very high charge operation. Studies show that an emittance below 76 pm can be achieved with the employment of reverse bends in an alternate lattice. We discuss the predicted performance and requirements for these lattices and compare them to the nominal lattice.

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TUPJE072

Advanced Photon Source Injection Related Simulation and Measurement

simulation, lattice, operation, septum

1806

Y. Sun
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Injection efficiency is one of the key factors in ensuring successful operation of storage ring light sources. In this paper, injection simulation and measurement studies at the Advanced Photon Source will be presented. The tracking simulations and measurements are compared in terms of the dynamic aperture and injection efficiency. Injection efficiency is also measured on the betatron tunes space and on different stored beam orbits.
yisun@aps.anl.gov

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TUPJE075

Simulation Study of Injection Performance for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade

simulation, emittance, storage-ring, kicker

1816

A. Xiao, V. Sajaev
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357
A vertical on-axis injection scheme has been proposed for the hybrid seven-bend-achromat (H7BA) Advanced Photon Source upgrade (APSU) lattice. In order to evaluate the injection performance, various errors, such as injection beam jitter, optical mismatch and errors, and injection element errors have been investigated and their significance has been discovered. Injection efficiency is then simulated under different error levels. Based on these simulation results, specifications and an error-budget for individual systems have been defined.

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TUPJE077

Instability Thresholds for the Advanced Photon Source Multi- Bend Achromat Upgrade

impedance, simulation, wakefield, collective-effects

1822

R.R. Lindberg
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
A. Blednykh
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
An important operating mode for the multi-bend achromat (MBA) upgrade at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) calls for 200 mA average current divided evenly over 48 bunches. Ensuring that the desired 4.2 mA single bunch current can be stably stored requires a detailed understanding of the impedance in the MBA ring. We briefly discuss modeling sources of impedance using the electromagnetic codes GdfidL and ECHO, and how we then include both geometric and resistive wall wakefields using the tracking code elegant to predict collective instabilities. We first validate our procedures by comparing APS experimental measurements to tracking predictions using the APS storage ring impedance model. We then discuss the MBA impedance model, for which we find that a chromaticity of 5 units is sufficient to obtain the required 4.2 mA single bunch current. Finally, we mention certain design changes that may reduce the impedance and allow for a reduction in chromaticity.

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TUPJE079

High Charge Development of the APS Injector for an MBA Upgrade

booster, impedance, vacuum, ion

1828

C. Yao, M. Borland, J.R. Calvey, K.C. Harkay, D. Horan, R.R. Lindberg, N. Sereno, H. Shang, X. Sun, J. Wang
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The APS MBA (multi-bend achromat) upgrade storage ring will employ a “swap out” injection scheme and requires a single-bunch beam with up to 20 nC from the injector. The APS injector, which consists of a 450-MeV linac, a particle accumulator ring (PAR), and a 7-GeV synchrotron (Booster), was originally designed to provide up to 6 nC of beam charge. High charge injector study is part of the APS upgrade R&D that explores the capabilities and limitations of the injector through machine studies and simulations, and identifies necessary upgrades in order to meet the requirements of the MBA upgrade. In the past year we performed PAR and booster high charge studies, implemented new ramp correction of the booster rap supplies, explored non-linear chromatic correction of the booster, etc. This report presents the results and findings.

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TUPJE084

Development of Nonlinear Injection Kicker Magnet for ALS Accelerator

kicker, storage-ring, power-supply, operation

1837

G.C. Pappas, D.J. Baum, J.-Y. Jung, D. Robin, C. Steier, C. Sun, C.A. Swenson
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The ALS in now engaged in the construction of a new hard x-ray beam line and insertion device for protein crystallography. The scope of work entails the reconfiguration of ALS Sectors 1-3 to make room for the new insertion device. The project will require the melioration of the ALS injection system as well as the development of a longitudinal RF kicker. A key aspect of the injector work is the development and integration of a nonlinear injection kicker (NLK) magnet system to facilitate top off injection without noticeable motion of the beam. The technology will, in principal, ultimately allow the removal of the conventional bump injection magnets presently located in ALS Sector 1. The nonlinear injection concept has been explored at several other light sources *. We examine the beam dynamics and magnet design requirements to adapt this technology to the ALS lattice with its 1.9 GeV beam. The work will review the injection beam matching, tracking simulations, the electromagnetic design and tolerance analysis, power supply design. The paper will also review the project plan for the integration of this technology into the ALS.
* T. Atkinson et al., "Development of a Non-Linear Kicker System to Facilitate a New Scheme for the BESSY-II Storage Ring", Proc. of IPAC 2011, THPH024.

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TUPMA001

Progress of the R&D towards a diffraction limited upgrade of the Advanced Light Source

optics, radiation, photon, lattice

1840

C. Steier, A. Anders, D. Arbelaez, J.M. Byrd, K. Chow, S. De Santis, R.M. Duarte, J.-Y. Jung, T.H. Luo, A. Madur, H. Nishimura, J.R. Osborn, G.C. Pappas, L.R. Reginato, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, D. Schlueter, C. Sun, C.A. Swenson, W.L. Waldron, E.J. Wallén, W. Wan
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Improvements in brightness and coherent flux of about two orders of magnitude over operational storage ring based light sources are possible using multi bend achromat lattice designs. These improvements can be implemented as upgrades of existing facilities, like the proposed upgrade of the Advanced Light Source, making use of the existing infrastructure, thereby reducing cost and time needed to reach full scientific productivity on a large number of beamlines. An R&D program funded by internal laboratory funds was started at LBNL to further develop the technologies necessary for diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSR). It initially involves five areas, and focuses on the specific needs of soft x-ray facilities: vacuum system/NEG coating of small chambers, injection/pulsed magnets, RF systems/bunch lengthening, magnets/radiation production with advanced radiation devices, and beam physics design optimization. Some hardware prototypes have been built. The work will expand in the future to demonstrate necessary key technologies at the subsystem level or in beam tests and include new areas like photon beamline optics.

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TUPMA037

Commissioning of the 123 MeV Injector for 12 GeV CEBAF

cryomodule, optics, dipole, operation

1920

Y.W. Wang, A.S. Hofler, R. Kazimi
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

The injector energy needed to be raised from 67.5 MeV to 123 MeV to meet the energy requirement of the CEBAF 12 GeV upgrade. The ratio of the injector energy to the linac energy must remain 0.11284 at all times. Consequently, the injector was partially upgraded. The early injector, transport and acceleration from 130 keV to 6 MeV, is unchanged, but the downstream boost from 6 MeV to the final 123 MeV energy drove several changes. One of the two original CEBAF 25 MeV type cryomodules in the injector was upgraded to a 100 MeV capable one to provide more energy. Some trim magnets at the end of the injector were upgraded to compensate for the higher energy. The chicane region was expanded, and the full energy injector spectrometer was relocated to make room for the newly added Hall D line. Experience from the 6 GeV era indicated that the stray fields from the higher energy beam transport recombiners near the injection chicane adversely affect the injector orbit, so a study to understand and mitigate stray fields from the transport arc box supplies upgraded for 12 GeV led to shielding modifications for the beamline in the chicane region.

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TUPMA050

NSLS-II Injector Commissioning and Initial Operation

booster, storage-ring, linac, operation

1944

E.B. Blum, B. Bacha, G. Bassi, J. Bengtsson, A. Blednykh, S. Buda, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, J. Cupolo, R. D'Alsace, M.A. Davidsaver, J.H. De Long, L. Doom, D.J. Durfee, R.P. Fliller, M. Fulkerson, G. Ganetis, F. Gao, C. Gardner, W. Guo, R. Heese, Y. Hidaka, Y. Hu, M.P. Johanson, B.N. Kosciuk, S. Kowalski, S.L. Kramer, S. Krinsky, Y. Li, W. Louie, M.A. Maggipinto, P. Marino, J. Mead, J. Oliva, D. Padrazo, K. Pedersen, B. Podobedov, R.S. Rainer, J. Rose, M. Santana, S. Seletskiy, T.V. Shaftan, O. Singh, P. Singh, V.V. Smaluk, R.M. Smith, T. Summers, J. Tagger, Y. Tian, W.H. Wahl, G.M. Wang, G.J. Weiner, F.J. Willeke, L. Yang, X. Yang, E. Zeitler, E. Zitvogel, P. Zuhoski
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
A. Akimov, P.B. Cheblakov, I.N. Churkin, A.A. Derbenev, S.M. Gurov, S.E. Karnaev, V.A. Kiselev, A.A. Korepanov, E.B. Levichev, S.V. Sinyatkin, A.N. Zhuravlev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

The injector for the National Synchrotron Light Source II storage ring consists of a 3 GeV booster synchrotron and a 200 MeV S-band linac. The linac was designed to produce either a single bunch with a charge of 0.5 nC of electrons or a train of bunches up to 300 ns long containing a total charge of 15 nC. The booster was designed to accelerate up to 15 nC each cycle. Linac commissioning was completed in April 2012. Booster commissioning was started in November 2013 and completed in March 2014. All of the significant design goals were satisfied including beam emittance, energy spread, and transport efficiency. While the maximum booster charge accelerated was only 10 nC this has proven to be more than sufficient for storage ring commissioning. The injector has operated reliably during storage ring operation since then. Results will be presented showing measurements of injector operating parameters achieved during commissioning and initial operation. Operating experience and reliability during the first year of NSLS-II operation will be discussed.

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TUPMA053

Experience with First Turns Commissioning in NSLS-II Storage Ring

kicker, storage-ring, betatron, lattice

1950

S. Seletskiy, G. Bassi, J. Bengtsson, A. Blednykh, E.B. Blum, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, R.P. Fliller, W. Guo, R. Heese, Y. Hidaka, S.L. Kramer, Y. Li, B. Podobedov, T.V. Shaftan, G.M. Wang, F.J. Willeke, L. Yang, X. Yang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

In this paper we describe our experience with commissioning of the first turns in the NSLS-II storage ring. We discuss the problems that we encountered and show how applying a dedicated first turns commissioning software allowed us to diagnose and resolve these problems.

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TUPHA004

NSLS-II Storage Ring Injection Optimization

kicker, betatron, septum, timing

1968

G.M. Wang, E.B. Blum, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, Y. Li, S. Seletskiy, T.V. Shaftan, Y. Tian, L. Yang, L.-H. Yu
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) is a state of the art 3 GeV third generation light source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The SR is designed to work in top-off injection mode. The injection straight includes a septum and four fast kicker magnets with independent amplitude and timing control. The beam injection is designed as 9.5 mm off-axis in x plane and on-axis injection in y plane. To capture the injected beam within the SR acceptance for high injection efficiency, it requires 6-D phase space match. Besides that, the fast kickers formed local bump is also required to be locally to minimize the injected beam extra betatron oscillation and keep the stored beam disturbance within the specification, 10% beam size to minimize the injection transient. This paper will present the beam results before and after optimization.

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TUPHA005

Tools for NSLS II Commissioning

controls, operation, status, interface

1971

G.M. Wang, G. Bassi, A. Blednykh, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, L.R. Dalesio, M.A. Davidsaver, J.H. De Long, K. Ha, Y. Hidaka, Y. Hu, Y. Li, D. Padrazo, S. Seletskiy, T.V. Shaftan, G. Shen, K. Shroff, O. Singh, T. Summers, Y. Tian, F.J. Willeke, H. Xu, L. Yang, X. Yang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) is a state of the art 3 GeV third generation light source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. As many facilities worldwide, NSLS II uses the EPICS control system to monitor and control all accelerator hardware. Control system studio (CSS) is used for simple tasks such as monitoring, display, setting of PVs. browsing the historical data, et. al. For more complex accelerator physics applications, a collection of scripts are mainly written in Python and part from Matlab during commissioning. With the close collaboration and fully support from control group, more and more CSS features were developed for operation convenience and several high level applications are interfaced with users in CSS panels for daily use based on softiocs. This paper will present the tools that we have been using for commissioning.

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TUPHA006

NSLS-II Storage Ring Insertion Device and Front-End Commissioning

emittance, storage-ring, insertion, SRF

1974

G.M. Wang, C. Amundsen, G. Bassi, J. Bengtsson, A. Blednykh, E.B. Blum, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, O.V. Chubar, T.M. Corwin, M.A. Davidsaver, L. Doom, W. Guo, D.A. Harder, P. He, Y. Hidaka, Y. Hu, P. Ilinski, C.A. Kitegi, S.L. Kramer, Y. Li, M. Musardo, D. Padrazo, B. Podobedov, K. Qian, R.S. Rainer, J. Rank, S. Seletskiy, T.V. Shaftan, S.K. Sharma, O. Singh, V. Smalyuk, R.M. Smith, T. Summers, T. Tanabe, F.J. Willeke, L. Yang, X. Yang, L.-H. Yu
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) is a state of the art 3 GeV third generation light source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. In the spring 2014, the storage ring was commissioning up to 50 mA without insertion device. In the fall, the project beamlines, includes seven insertion devices on six ID ports were commissioned within two and a half months. These beamlines consist of IXS, HXN, CSX-1, CSX-2, CHX, SRX, and XPD-1, from the radiation sources elliptically polarizing undulator (EPU), damping wiggler (DW) and in vacuum undulator (IVU) to cover the VUV through the very hard x-ray range. In this paper, a number of commissioning and operation experiences are discussed here, such as injection, lifetime, ID residual field and compensation, source point stability, beam alignment and tools for control, monitor and beam protection.

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TUPHA010

Design of the NSLS-II Top Off Safety System

dipole, storage-ring, interlocks, operation

1986

R.P. Fliller, L. Doom, G. Ganetis, C. Hetzel, P.K. Job, Y. Li, T.V. Shaftan, S.K. Sharma, O. Singh, G.M. Wang, Z. Xia
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The NSLS-II accelerators finished commissioning in the fall of 2014, with beamline commissioning underway. Part of the design for the NSLS-II is to operate in top off mode. The Top Off Safety System (TOSS) is presently under design. In this report we discuss the Top Off Safety System design and implementation, along with the necessary tracking results and radiological calculations.

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TUPTY015

Study on the transverse painting during the injection process for CSNS/RCS

neutron, proton, linac, target

2025

M.Y. Huang, L. Huang, N. Huang, J. Qiu, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11205185, 11175020, 11175193 )
For the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), a combination of the H⁻ stripping and phase space painting method is used to accumulate a high intensity beam in the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS). In this paper, firstly, the injection processes with different painting ranges and different painting methods were studied. With the codes ORBIT and MATLAB, the particle distribution and painting image were obtained. Then, the reasonable painting range which is suitable for the aperture size and magnet gap can be selected. Since the real field uniformity of BH3 and BV3 is not completely in conformity with the design requirement, the painting method and painting range also need to be selected to reduce the effects of bad field uniformity.

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TUPTY020

Building a Luminosity Model for the LHC and HL-LHC

emittance, luminosity, brightness, proton

2042

F. Antoniou, G. Arduini, Y. Papaphilippou, G. Papotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

One key objective of the High Luminosity LHC Upgrade is to determine a set of beam parameters and the hardware configuration that will enable the LHC to reach a peak luminosity of 5×10³⁴ cm^-2 s^-1 and ultimately 7.5x10³⁴ cm^-2 s^-1 with levelling, allowing an integrated luminosity of 250-300 fb^-1 per year. In order to determine the integrated performance it is important to develop a realistic model of the luminosity evolution during a physics fill. In this paper, the different mechanisms affecting luminosity lifetime in the LHC are discussed and a luminosity model is presented. The model is benchmarked with data from LHC Run I.

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TUPTY036

Crossing Scheme and Orbit Correction in IR1/5 for HL-LHC

optics, alignment, luminosity, quadrupole

2086

M. Fitterer, R. De Maria, S.D. Fartoukh, M. Giovannozzi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: The HiLumi LHC Design Study is partly funded by the European Commission within the Framework Programme 7 Capacities Specific Programme, Grant Agreement 284404.
In this paper we review the orbit correction strategy and crossing scheme adjustment for the HL-LHC orbit correctors in IR1/5 in view of the new optics and layout version HLLHCV1.1. The main objectives are to optimize the crossing scheme, in particular to reduce the strength of the orbit correctors at D2, and to validate the strength specifications of the several orbit corrector magnets involved, including a budget reserved for the correction of the orbit distortions from various sources.

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TUPTY039

LHC Transfer Lines and Injection Tests for Run 2

extraction, kicker, operation, septum

2098

C. Bracco, J.L. Abelleira, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.J. Barnes, W. Bartmann, E. Carlier, L.N. Drøsdal, M.A. Fraser, K. Fuchsberger, B. Goddard, J. Jentzsch, V. Kain, N. Magnin, M. Meddahi, J.S. Schmidt, L.S. Stoel, J.A. Uythoven, F.M. Velotti, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The transfer lines for both rings of the LHC were successfully re-commissioned with beam in preparation for the start-up of Run 2. This paper presents an overview of the transfer line and sector tests performed to bring the LHC back into operation after a two-year period of shutdown for consolidation and upgrade. The tests enabled the debugging of critical software and hardware systems and validated changes made to the transfer and injection systems. The beam-based measurements carried out to validate the optics and machine configuration are summarised along with the performance of the hardware systems.

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TUPTY040

Comparison of Beam Sizes at the Collimator Locations from Measured Optics and Beam-based Collimator Alignment at the LHC

alignment, optics, flattop, betatron

2101

G. Valentino, R. Bruce, A. Langner, S. Redaelli, R. Tomás
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

At the LHC, the collimation hierarchy is defined in units of the betatron beam size using the sizes at each collimator location. The beam size at a given collimator can be inferred from the gap measurement during beam-based alignment campaigns, when the collimator touches a reference beam halo defined with the primary collimators. On the other hand, the beta functions at each collimator are also measured as a part of the standard LHC optics validation. This paper presents a comparison of the beam size measurements at the collimator locations applying these two techniques for different machine configurations. This work aims at determining which is the most reliable method for setting the collimator gaps at the LHC.

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TUPTY043

Analysis of Intensity-dependent Effects on LHC Transverse Tunes at Injection Energy

operation, damping, database, quadrupole

2108

R. De Maria, M. Giovannozzi, T. Persson, R. Tomás
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Y. Wei
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The LHC Run I has provided a huge amount of data that can be used to deepen the understanding of the beam behaviour. In this paper the focus is on the analysis of transverse tunes at injection energy to detect signs of intensity-dependent effects. BPM data, recording the injection oscillations of the operational beams during the ring-filling phase, have been analysed in detail to enable extracting useful information about the tune shift vs. injected beam intensity. The data processing and the results are discussed in detail, including also possible implications for future operation.

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TUPTY048

Changes to the Transfer Line Collimation System for the High-Luminosity LHC Beams

optics, collimation, luminosity, brightness

2124

V. Kain, O. Aberle, C. Bracco, M.A. Fraser, F. Galleazzi, A. Kosmicki, F.L. Maciariello, M. Meddahi, F.-X. Nuiry, G.E. Steele, F.M. Velotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Gianfelice-Wendt
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The current LHC transfer line collimation system will not be able to provide enough protection for the high brightness beams in the high-luminosity LHC era. The new collimation system will have to attenuate more and be more robust than its predecessor. The active jaw length of the new transfer line collimators will therefore be 2.1 m instead of currently 1.2 m. The transfer line optics will have to be adjusted for the new collimator locations and larger beta functions at the collimators for absorber robustness reasons. In this paper the new design of the transfer line collimation system will be presented with its implications on transfer line optics and powering, maintainability, protection of transfer line magnets in case of beam loss on a collimator and protection of the LHC aperture

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TUPTY049

Protection of Superconducting Magnets in Case of Accidental Beam Losses during HL-LHC Injection

vacuum, simulation, kicker, shielding

2128

A. Lechner, M.J. Barnes, C. Bracco, B. Goddard, F.L. Maciariello, A. Perillo Marcone, N.V. Shetty, G.E. Steele, J.A. Uythoven, F.M. Velotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
F.M. Velotti
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Funding: Research supported by the High Luminosity LHC project.
The LHC injection regions accommodate a system of beam-intercepting devices which protect superconducting magnets and other accelerator components in case of mis-steered injected beam or accidentally kicked stored beam, e.g. due to injection kicker or timing malfunctions. The brightness and intensity increase required by the High Luminosity (HL) upgrade of the LHC necessitates a redesign of some devices to improve their robustness and to reduce the leakage of secondary particle showers to downstream magnets. In this paper, we review possible failure scenarios and we quantify the energy deposition in superconducting coils by means of FLUKA shower calculations. Conceptual design studies for the new protection system are presented, with the main focus on the primary injection protection absorber (TDI) and the adjacent mask (TCDD).

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TUPTY051

Injection Protection Upgrade for the HL-LHC

impedance, simulation, kicker, proton

2136

J.A. Uythoven, N. Biancacci, C. Bracco, L. Gentini, B. Goddard, A. Lechner, F.L. Maciariello, A. Perillo Marcone, B. Salvant, N.V. Shetty, G.E. Steele, F.M. Velotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
O. Frasciello, M. Zobov
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy

The injector complex of the LHC is undergoing important changes in the light of the LIU project to provide brighter beams to the LHC. For this reason and as part of the High Luminosity LHC project the injection protection system of the LHC will be upgraded in the Long Shutdown 2 (2018 - 2019) to be able to protect downstream elements against injection failures with the high brightness, high intensity HL-LHC beams. The upgraded LHC injection protection system will consist of a segmented injection protection absorber TDIS, and auxiliary collimators and masks. The layout modifications are described, and the machine element protection and absorber jaw robustness studies are presented for the new systems.

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TUPTY083

Conceptual MEIC Electron Ring Injection Scheme using CEBAF as a Full Energy Injector

electron, linac, operation, gun

2232

J. Guo, F. Lin, R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang, S. Wang, Y. Zhang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177
The Medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) proposed by Jefferson Lab is planning to use the newly upgraded 12 GeV CEBAF 1497 MHz SRF CW recirculating linac as a full-energy injector for the electron collider ring. The electron collider ring is proposed to reuse the 476MHz PEP-II RF system to achieve high installed voltage and high beam power. The MEIC electron injection requires 3-10 (or 12) GeV beam in 3-4μs long bunch trains with low duty factor and high peak current, resulting in strong transient beam loading for the CEBAF. In this paper, we propose an injection scheme that can match the two systems’ frequencies with acceptable injection time, and also address the transient beam loading issue in CEBAF. The scheme is compatible with future upgrade to 952.6 MHz SRF system in the electron ring.

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TUPWI021

Progress on a 30 - 350 MeV Normal-Conducting Scaling FFAG for Proton Therapy

proton, lattice, ion, extraction

2285

J.M. Garland, R.B. Appleby, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by the STFC (UK) under grant no. ST/K002503/1
We present our progress on a new design for a 30 - 350 MeV scaling FFAG for proton therapy and tomography - NORMA (NOrmal-conducting Racetrack Medical Accelerator) which allows the realisation of proton computed tomography (pCT) and utilises normal conducting magnets in both a circular and racetrack configuration which are designed using advanced optimisation algorithms developed in PyZgoubi. The ring and racetrack configurations have average circumferences of around 60 and 70 m respectively, peak magnetic fields of < 1.8 T, average orbit excursions < 50 cm and dynamic aperture calculations of > 50 mm.mrad using a novel technique. The racetrack design has a total magnet-free straight length of 4.9 m at two opposing points, designed to ease injection and extraction systems.

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WEBB2

First Considerations on Beam Optics and Lattice Design for the Future Hadron-Hadron Collider FCC-hh

dipole, quadrupole, optics, collider

2466

B. Dalena
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
R. Alemany-Fernández, B.J. Holzer, D. Schulte
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Chancé, J. Payet
CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

The main emphasis of the Future Circular Collider study is the design of a 100~TeV proton-proton collider in a new tunnel of about 100 km circumference. This paper presents the first optics design of the future hadron collider (FCC-hh). The basic layout follows a quasi-circular geometry ‘‘quasi racetrack'' with 8 arcs and 8 straight sections, four of which designed as interaction points. Assuming 16~T dipole magnets, a first version of the ring geometry and magnet lattice is presented, including the optics of the foreseen high luminosity regions and of the other straight sections dedicated to the installation of injection/extraction lines, beam dump etc., and an arc structure with optimized dipole fill factor to reach the target center-of-mass energy of 100~TeV.

Slides WEBB2 [4.622 MB]

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WEPWA007

The AWAKE Proton-driven Plasma Wakefield Experiment at CERN

plasma, electron, wakefield, experiment

2502

P. Muggli
MPI-P, München, Germany

Funding: For the AWAKE collaboration
The AWAKE experiment at CERN * aims at studying plasma wakefield generation and acceleration driven by proton bunches. The first experiments will focus on the self-modulation instability of the long (~12cm, rms) proton bunch in the plasma. This instability is used to transform the incoming bunch into a train of short bunches with a period approximately equal to the plasma wavelength, ~1.2mm at a nominal plasma electron density of 7·10¹⁴/cc. These experiments are planned for the end of 2016. Later, low energy (~15MeV) electrons will be externally injected to sample the wakefields and be accelerated beyond 1GeV. The main goals of the experiment will be summarized and the progress with the plasma source, beam diagnostics and injection method will be presented.
* AWAKE Collaboration, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 56 084013 (2014)

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WEPWA031

A Compact Multiply Charged Ion Source for Hadrontherapy Facility

ion, plasma, ion-source, solenoid

2563

L. Celona, L. Andò, G. Castro, F. Chines, G. Ciavola, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, D. Mascali, L. Neri, D. Nicolosi, F. Noto, F. Romano, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
G. Ciavola
CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy
G. Torrisi
Universitá Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy

The ion sources, required by medical applications, must provide intense ion beams, with high reproducibility, stability and brightness. AISHa (Advanced Ion Source for Hadrontherapy) is a compact ECRIS whose hybrid magnetic system consists of a permanent Halbach-type hexapole magnet and a set of independently energized superconducting coils. These will be enclosed in a compact cryostat with two cryocoolers to operate without LHe. The microwave injection system has been designed for maximizing the beam quality through a fine frequency tuning within the 17.3-18.4 GHz band which is possible by using an innovative variable frequency klystron. The introduction of an integrated oven will allow the production of metal ions beams with relatively high intensity. “Accel-decel” extraction system will be used. The LEBT line will consist of a solenoid and a 90° dipole for ions selection. Two diagnostic boxes, made of Faraday cups, beam wires and slits, will allow the investigation of the beam composition and its properties. Moreover, a system of scintillating screens and CCD cameras, placed after the solenoid will allow the investigation of the Frequency Tuning Effect on the source performances.

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WEPWA055

Proton Injection into the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA)

rfq, proton, electron, optics

2627

E. Prebys, S. A. Antipov, H. Piekarz
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
S. A. Antipov
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the DOE, under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359.
The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) is an experimental synchrotron being built at Fermilab to test the concept of non-linear "integrable optics". These optics are based on a lattice including non-linear elements that satisfies particular conditions on the Hamiltonian. The resulting particle motion is predicted to be stable but without a unique tune. The system is therefore insensitive to resonant instabilities and can in principle store very intense beams, with space charge tune shifts larger than those which are possible in conventional linear synchrotrons. The ring will initially be tested with pencil electron beams, but this poster describes the ultimate plan to install a 2.5 MeV RFQ to inject protons, which will produce tune shifts on the order of unity. Technical details will be presented, as well as simulations of protons in the ring.

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WEPMA001

Proposed Linac Upgrade with a SLED Cavity at the Australian Synchrotron, SLSA

klystron, cavity, linac, operation

2738

K. Zingre, B. Mountford
ASCo, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
M.P. Atkinson, R.T. Dowd, G. LeBlanc
SLSA, Clayton, Australia
C.G. Hollwich
SPINNER GmbH, Westerham, Germany

The Australian Synchrotron Light Source has been operating successfully since 2007 and in top-up mode since 2012 while gradually being upgraded to reach an excellent beam availability exceeding 99 %. Considering the ageing of the equipment, effort is required in order to maintain the reliability at this level. The proposed upgrade of the linac with a SLED cavity has been chosen to mitigate the risks of single point of failure and lack of spare parts. The linac is normally fed from two independent 35 MW pulsed klystrons to reach 100 MeV beam energy and can be operated in single (SBM) or multi-bunch mode (MBM). The SLED cavity upgrade will allow remote selection of single klystron operation in SMB and possibly limited MBM without degradation of beam energy and reduce down time in case of a klystron failure. The proposal for the SLED cavity upgrade is shown and the linac designs are detailed.

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WEPMA058

New Injection Bump Power Supply of the J-PARC RCS*

power-supply, operation, flattop, timing

2908

T. Takayanagi, N. Hayashi, K. Horino, M. Kinsho, K. Okabe, T. Ueno
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
Y. Irie
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The new horizontal shift bump (SB) power supply for beam injection system of the J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) 3-GeV RCS (Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron) has been developed and manufactured. The injection energy was increased from 181 MeV to 400 MeV, and the power capacity of the new power supply was doubled. The power supply newly adopted a capacitor commutation method to form the trapezoid waveform pattern (bump waveform) by the IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) switch. This paper reports characteristic, the problems and the user operation status about the new shift bump power supply.

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WEPMN028

Preliminary Mechanical Design of Ceramic Pipe Film Coating Equipment at Hefei Light Source II

cathode, vacuum, simulation, experiment

2988

J. Lu
NPU, Xi'an Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
L. Fan, Y.Z. Hong, X.T. Pei, J. Wang, Y. Wang, W. Wei, Y.H. Xu, B. Zhang
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China

Ceramic vacuum chambers are important components of the injection chamber at Hefei Light Source II (HLS II). The length of each Ceramic vacuum chamber is 350 mm and their inner surface is coated with TiN thin film whose properties are low secondary electron yield (SEY), good electrical conductivity, stability of performance, ability to block hydrogen permeation. Considering that the cross section of Ceramic pipe is racetrack structure, Ti plate was chose as the cathode to improve TiN thin film deposition rate. Meanwhile, the authors designed a motor drive magnetron sputtering film coating equipment to obtain uniform TiN film.

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WEPMN039

RF Accelerating Voltage of PLS-II Superconducting RF System for Stable Top-up Operation with Beam Current of 400 mA

vacuum, operation, cavity, LLRF

3015

Y.D. Joo, M.-H. Chun, T. Ha, I. Hwang, B.-J. Lee, I.S. Park, S. Shin, Y.U. Sohn, I.H. Yu
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea

During the beam store test up to 400 mA in the storage ring, it was observed that the vacuum pressure around the RF window of the superconducting cavity rapidly increases over the interlock level limiting the availability of the maximum beam current storing. We investigated the cause of the window vacuum pressure increment by studying the changes in the electric field distribution at the superconducting cavity and waveguide according to the beam current. An equivalent physical modeling was developed using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation and it revealed that the electric field amplitude at the RF window is exponentially increased as the beam current increases, thus this high electric field amplitude causes a RF breakdown at the RF window.

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WEPHA003

Measurement of NEG Coating Performance Variation in the LHC after the First Long Shutdown

vacuum, simulation, collider, hadron

3100

V. Bencini, V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi, P. Chiggiato, R. Kersevan, C. Yin Vallgren
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During the Long Shutdown 1 (LS1) of the Large Hadron Collider, 90% of the Non-Evaporable Getter (NEG) coated beam pipes in the Long Straight Sections (LSS) were vented to undertake the planned upgrade and consolidation programmes. After each intervention, an additional bake-out and NEG activation were performed to reach the vacuum requirements. An analysis of the coating performance variation after the additional activation cycle has been carried out by using ultimate pressure and pressure build-up measurements. In addition, laboratory measurements have been carried out to mimic the LHC coated beam pipe behaviour. The experimental data have been compared with calculation obtained by Molflow+.

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WEPHA016

Experimental Setups to Determine the Damage Limit of Superconducting Magnets for Instantaneous Beam Losses

proton, superconducting-magnet, experiment, simulation

3138

V. Raginel, B. Auchmann, R. Schmidt, D. Schoerling, A.P. Verweij, D. Wollmann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The damage mechanism of superconducting magnets due to the direct impact of high intensity particle beams is not well understood. Obvious candidates for upper bounds on the damage limit are overheating of insulation, and melting of the conductor. Lower bounds are obtained by the limits of elasticity in the conductor, taking into account dynamic effects (elastic stress waves). The plastic regime in between these two bounds will lead to differential thermal stress between the superconductor and stabilizer, which may lead to a permanent degradation of the magnet. An improved understanding of these mechanisms is required especially in view of the planned increase in brightness of the beams injected into the LHC and of the future High Luminosity-LHC [2] and Future Circular Collider (FCC). In this paper the plans for room temperature damage tests on critical parts of superconducting magnets and the strategy to test their damage levels at 4.3 K in the HiRadMat facility at CERN , using a 440 GeV proton beam generated by the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), is presented. Moreover the status of numerical simulations using FLUKA and multi-physics FEM code (ANSYS) to assess the different effect and the irradiation of the proposed experimental setup in preparation of the test is shown.

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WEPHA030

EMI Measurement for TPS Booster Kicker and Septum Systems

septum, kicker, booster, network

3179

Y.-H. Liu, W.S. Chan, C.S. Chen, J.-R. Chen
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the conducted and radiated Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) for subsystems in the TPS booster ring. A LISN (Line Impedance Stabilizing Network) system with a wide frequency range was conducted to measure the EMI spectrum of pulsed magnet system. The radiated EMI was tested by magnetic field probe, which the measurement frequency range is 100 kHz ~ 3 GHz. A stray current was tested by wide frequency current transformer in order to measure the conducted current for kicker and septum systems. According to the experiment results, the stray current could flow through the other subsystems or booster chamber, and it might be affected the stability of booster operation. Therefore reducing and eliminating the interference of EM waves will be a very important issue. The EMI prevention scheme will be continued.

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WEPHA035

Development of an IGBT Pulser for TPS LTB Kicker

kicker, flattop, booster, operation

3191

C.L. Chen, H.-P. Chang, Y.-S. Cheng, C.-S. Fann, K.T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, K.-K. Lin, K.L. Tsai
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The TPS LTB injection kicker was first commissioned using PFN pulser equipped with thyratron switch. Although its bench-testing results fulfilled the specifications but the performance was degraded due to unavoidable integration difficulty. After evaluating a couple of improvement options in hand, a pulser using IGBT switch was chosen for off-the-bench beneficial purpose. The upgraded pulser satisfies the overall specifications with comfortable margins. Some major performance parameters such as flattop and tail ringing are emphasized concerning their influence on beam injection. This report describes the field-testing result of this IGBT pulser.

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WEPHA038

Upgrading the Performance of the Power Supply for the TPS Booster Dipole Magnets

power-supply, booster, dipole, controls

3197

C.Y. Liu, Y.-C. Chien, K.-B. Liu, B.S. Wang, Y.S. Wong
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The performance of the power supply for the dipole magnet is important for the TPS booster ring. The output current of the power supply follows the beam current from 150 MeV ramping to 3 GeV. The frequency of the power supply is 3 Hz. The power supply must thus push enormous energy into the dipole magnets at +1000 V and +1000 A, and can handle this job. Because the TPS booster dipole supply is bipolar and the voltage is large, the lodged capacitors have large effects that produce common-mode high-frequency current noise, which drives the power supply beyond specification. The TPS booster ring hence fails to meet the dc and ramping specification. We designed a common-mode filter to solve the high-frequency current noise by absorbing the current noise from the path of the lodged capacitors to the ground pad. The TPS booster dipole supply thus works within the specification when the power supply is in the dc or ramping mode. The beam current from the 150- MeV dc mode for the injection mode can ramp the beam current to 3 GeV. This paper reports the excellent results.

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WEPTY014

Development of Fast Kickers for the APS MBA Upgrade

kicker, impedance, simulation, high-voltage

3286

C. Yao, J. Carwardine, A.R. Cours, F. Lenkszus, R.R. Lindberg, L.H. Morrison, X. Sun, J. Wang, F. Westferro, A. Xiao
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: *Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The APS multi-bend achromat (MBA) upgrade storage ring will support two bunch fill patterns: a 48-singlets and a 324-singlets. A “swap out” injection scheme is adopted. In order to minimize the beam loss and residual oscillation of injected beam and to minimize the perturbation of stored beam during a swap-on injection, the rise, fall, and flat-top parts of the kicker pulse must be held within a 22.8-ns interval. Traditional ferrite-core-type kickers can’t meet the timing requirements; therefore, we decided to use stripline-type kickers. We have completed a preliminary design of a prototype kicker geometry. Procurement of the pulser supply and other components of an evaluation system is under way. We report the specification and design of the fast kicker and current status.

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WEPTY029

Measurements of Strontium Ferrite Hybrid Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles after Removal for the Fermilab NOvA Upgrade in 2012

permanent-magnet, quadrupole, radiation, dipole

3331

O. Kiemschies
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
During the 2012 NOvA upgrade forty strontium ferrite hybrid permanent magnet quadrupoles from the injection, extraction and electron cooling regions of the Recycler accelerator, which had been measured in 2000 and subsequently installed in the tunnel, were replaced. The basic design of the quadrupoles * and expected decay rate ** are described in design documents. Nine of these magnets, of varying strength were measured in 2014. Measurements were made with a modified rotating coil in a fashion similar to their initial pre-installation measurements in 2000. The 2014 measurements are compared to the 2000 measurements and the expected decay. Many of these quadrupoles, as well as other strontium ferrite hybrid permanent magnets are still in operation in the Recycler and tranfer line, so understanding the rate at which the strength changes is significant to the future operation of the Recycler.
* Hybrid Permanent Quadrupoles for the. 8 GeV Transfer Line at Fermilab. (S.M. Pruss et al.)
** Time Evolution of Fields in Strontium Ferrite Permanent Magnets (J. T. Volk et al.)

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WEPTY048

An RFQ Direct Injection Scheme for the IsoDAR High Intensity H²⁺ Cyclotron

rfq, ion, cyclotron, ion-source

3384

D. Winklehner, J.R. Alonso, J.M. Conrad
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
R.W. Hamm
R&M Technical Enterprises, Pleasanton, California, USA

IsoDAR is a novel experiment designed to measure neutrino oscillations through electron-antineutrino disappearance, thus providing a definitive search for sterile neutrinos. In order to generate the necessary anti-neutrino flux, a high intensity primary proton beam is needed. In IsoDAR, H²⁺ is accelerated, and is stripped into protons just before the target, to overcome space charge issues at injection. As part of the design, we have refined an old proposal to use an RFQ to axially inject bunched H²⁺ ions into the driver cyclotron. This method has several advantages over a classical low energy beam transport (LEBT) design: (1) The bunching efficiency is higher than for the previously considered two-gap buncher and thus the overall injection efficiency is higher. This relaxes the constraints on the H²⁺ current required from the ion source. (2) The overall length of the LEBT can be reduced. (3) The RFQ can also accelerate the ions. This enables the ion source platform high voltage to be reduced from 70 kV to 30 kV, making underground installation easier. We will present preliminary RFQ design parameters and first beam dynamics simulations from the ion source to the spiral inflector.

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WEPWI019

Quench Studies of Six High Temperature Nitrogen Doped 9 Cell Cavities for Use in the LCLS-II Baseline Prototype Cryo-module at Jefferson Laboratory

cavity, SRF, cryomodule, niobium

3528

A.D. Palczewski, G.V. Eremeev, R.L. Geng, C.E. Reece
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
Jefferson Lab (JLab) processed six nine-cell cavities as part of a small-scale production for LCLS-II cavity processing development utilizing the promising nitrogen-doping process. [1] Various nitrogen-doping recipes have been scrutinized to optimize process parameters with the aim to guarantee an unloaded quality factor (Q 0) of 2.7·10¹⁰ at an accelerating field (Eacc) of 16 MV/m at 2.0 K in the cryomodule. During the R&D phase the characteristic Q0 vs. Eacc performance curve of the cavities has been measured in JLab’s vertical test area at 2 K. The findings showed the characteristic rise of the Q0 with Eacc as expected from nitrogen-doping. Initially, five cavities achieved an average Q0 of 3.3·10¹⁰ at the limiting Eacc averaging to 16.8 MV/m, while one cavity experienced an early quench accompanied by an unusual Q 0 vs. Eacc curve. The project accounts for a cavity performance loss from the vertical dewar test (with or without the helium vessel) to the horizontal performance in a cryomodule, such that these results leave no save margin to the cryomodule specification. Consequently, a refinement of the nitrogen-doping has been initiated to guarantee an average quench field above 20 MV/m without impeding the Q 0. This paper covers the refinement work performed for each cavity, which depends on the initial results, as well as a quench analysis carried out before and after the rework during the vertical RF tests as far as applicable.

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WEPWI028

Simulation Study Using an Injection Phase-locked Magnetron as an Alternative Source for SRF Accelerators

controls, klystron, cavity, SRF

3544

H. Wang, T. E. Plawski, R.A. Rimmer
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

As a drop-in replacement for the CEBAF CW klystron system, a 1497 MHz, CW type high efficiency magnetron using injection phase lock and amplitude variation is attractive. Amplitude control using magnetic field trimming and anode voltage modulation has been studied using analytical models and MATLAB/Simulink simulations. Since the 1497 MHz magnetron has not been built yet, previously measured characteristics of a 2.45GHz cooker magnetron are used as reference. The results of linear responses to the amplitude and phase control of a superconducting RF (SRF) cavity, and the expected overall benefit for the current CEBAF and future MEIC RF systems are presented in this paper.

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WEPWI044

High-Power Magnetron Transmitter for the Electron Collider Ring of the MEIC Facility

controls, SRF, cavity, electron

3587

G.M. Kazakevich
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
B.E. Chase, V.P. Yakovlev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
Y.S. Derbenev
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Operation of the 3-12 GeV electron collider 8-shape ring of the MEIC facility causes a Synchrotron Radiation (SR) of electrons in arcs with energy loss of ~20 kW/m at beam current of ~3 A. The total SR loss up to 2 MW per a revolution is presumed to compensate by Superconducting RF (SRF) accelerating cavities. To minimize the beam emittance, each individual SRF cavity is proposed to feed by an individual and independent RF source allowing a wide-band control in phase and power. Most efficient and less expensive in capital and maintenance costs the high-power transmitters based on magnetrons, injection-locked by phase-modulated signals, controlled in wide-band are proposed as the RF sources. The magnetron RF sources utilizing 2-cascade magnetrons allowing a wide-band phase and power control by the injection-locking phase-modulated signals were experimentally modelled by 2.45 GHz, CW, 1 kW magnetrons. Results of the modelling and adequacy of the transmitters for the SRF cavities are discussed in the presented article.

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THPF002

Space Charge Effect Estimation for Synchrotrons with Third-order Resonant Extraction

space-charge, extraction, resonance, proton

3677

M.T.F. Pivi, A. Garonna
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria

In proton and ion storage rings using the third-order resonance extraction mechanism, beam particles are slowly extracted from the ring when reaching the resonance stop-band. Typically at beam injection, the horizontal tune is set to a value close to the resonance value. The tune is then moved towards the resonance value to trigger beam extraction in a controlled way. The tune shift generated by space charge forces needs to be taken into account. For this, the incoherent space-charge tune shift for protons of the MedAustron accelerator main ring has been evaluated. This has been performed by multi-particle tracking using an optics model based on MADX, considering a realistic Gaussian beam distribution and exact non-linear space charge electric field forces. The MedAustron accelerator is in the beam commissioning phase and is planned to start medical commissioning at the end of 2015.

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THPF003

BEST 70P Cyclotron Factory Test

ion, ion-source, cyclotron, emittance

3680

V. Sabaiduc, T. Boiesan, M. Carlson, D. Du, F.S. Grillet, R.R. Johnson, F.S. Labrecque, B.F. Milton, L. AC. Piazza, R. Ruegg, V. Ryjkov, W. Stazyk, K. Suthanthiran, S. Talmor, B.A. Versteeg, J. Zhu
BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
T. Evans, J. Harris, N. Matte, J. Panama, P. Zanetti
Best Theratronics Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Best Cyclotron Systems Inc (BCSI) designed and manufactured a 70MeV compact cyclotron for radioisotope production and research applications. The cyclotron undergone exhaustive factory testing that has been successfully completed at Best Theratronics facility in Ottawa, Canada. The first 70MeV cyclotron has been build for the INFN-LNL laboratory in Legnaro, Italy. The cyclotron has external negative hydrogen ion source, four radial sectors with two dees in opposite valleys, cryogenic vacuum system and simultaneous beam extraction on opposite lines. The beam intensity is 700μA with variable extraction energy between 35 and 70MeV. We are reporting the factory acceptance testing results confirming the individual cyclotron systems performance and beam acceleration to 1MeV probe. Detail measurements of each system stability and performance have been taken as well as full characterisation of beam acceleration through the injection line and on to the 1MeV probe. The BEST70p cyclotron may also be used as injector to a post-accelerator or for the production of the radioactive beams.

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THPF007

Optimization of Multi-turn Injection into a Heavy-Ion Synchrotron using Genetic Algorithms

space-charge, emittance, linac, ion

3689

S. Appel, O. Boine-Frankenheim
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
O. Boine-Frankenheim
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

For heavy-ion synchrotrons an efficient multi-turn injection (MTI) from the injector linac is crucial in order to reach the specified currents using the available machine acceptance. The beam loss during the MTI must not exceed the limits determined by machine protection and vacuum requirements. Especially for low energy and intermediate charge state ions, the beam loss can cause a degradation of the vacuum and a corresponding reduction of the beam lifetime. In order to optimize the MTI a genetic algorithm based optimization is used to simultaneously minimize the loss and maximize the multiplication factor (e.g. stored currents in the synchrotron). The effect of transverse space charge force on the MTI has also been taken into account. The optimization resulted in injection parameters, which promise a significant improvement of the MTI performance for intense beams in the SIS18 synchrotron at GSI.

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THPF015

Status of the FAIR Heavy Ion Synchrotron Project SIS100

quadrupole, dipole, cryogenics, ion

3715

P.J. Spiller, U. Blell, L.H.J. Bozyk, J. Ceballos Velasco, T. Eisel, E.S. Fischer, O.K. Kester, H.G. König, H. Kollmus, V. Kornilov, P. Kowina, J.P. Meier, A. Mierau, C. Mühle, C. Omet, D. Ondreka, N. Pyka, H.R. Ramakers, P. Rottländer, C. Roux, P. Schnizer, St. Wilfert
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The procurements of major technical components for the heavy ion synchrotron SIS100 are progressing. Especially the production of the long lead items, the main superconducting dipole and quadrupole magnets and the main Rf systems could be started. The system layout for the injection system and the specifications for all injection devices has been completed. In parallel, the Digital Mock-Up (DMU) and design for major extraction components has been developed. Certain technical challenges observed during the acceptance tests of First of Series (FOS) components and risks and their mitigation will be presented.

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THPF024

LEBT Dynamics and RFQ Injection

solenoid, rfq, ion, collimation

3739

P.P. Schneider, M. Droba, O. Meusel, H. Niebuhr, D. Noll, O. Payir, H. Podlech, A. Schempp, C. Wiesner
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) section at the accelerator-driven neutron source FRANZ* consists of four solenoids, two of which match the primary proton beam into the chopper. The remaining two solenoids are intended to prepare the beam for injection into the RFQ. In the first commissioning phase, the LEBT successfully transported a 14 keV He beam at low intensities**. In the current commissioning phase, the beam energy is increased to the RFQ injection energy of 120 keV. In the upcoming step, the intensity will be increased from 2 mA to 50 mA. Beam dynamics calculations include effects of different source emittances, position and angle offsets and the effects of space charge compensation levels. In addition, the behavior of the undesired hydrogen fractions, H²⁺ and H³⁺, and their influence on the performance within the RFQ is simulated.
* Meusel, O., et al. "FRANZ–Accelerator Test Bench And Neutron Source", MO3A03, LINAC 2012.
** Wiesner, C., et al. "Chopping High-Intensity Ion Beams at FRANZ", WEIOB01, LINAC 2014.

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THPF034

Injection Kicker for HESR at FAIR using Semi-Conductor Switches

kicker, vacuum, antiproton, impedance

3770

R. Tölle, N. Bongers, F.M. Esser, R. Gebel, S. Hamzic, H. Jagdfeld, F. Klehr, B. Laatsch, L. Reifferscheidt, M. Retzlaff, L. Semke, H. Soltner, H. Stockhorst
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
S. Antoine, W. Beeckman, P. Bocher, O. Cosson, P. Jivkov, D. Ramauge
Sigmaphi, Vannes, France

The High Energy Storage Ring for Antiprotons is going to be built at FAIR in Darmstadt on the extended GSI campus. It will receive the antiprotons via the Collector Ring (CR). Using a barrier bucket, the circulating particles will be compressed into one half of the circumference. New particles have to be injected into the remaining half. Thus rise and fall time must not exceed 220 ns each with a flat top of 500 ns. A kick angle of 6.4 mrad is required at 13 Tm magnetic rigidity. The system must allow pole reversal for injection of positively charged particles. With a voltage lower than 40 kV a semi-conductor based pulser is going to be realized. Boundary conditions and the status of preparatory work are described. Simulation results and available measurements are presented.

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THPF043

Preliminary Studies of Laser-assisted H⁻ Stripping at 400 MeV

laser, proton, operation, experiment

3795

P.K. Saha, H. Harada, M. Kinsho, T. Maruta, K. Okabe, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
T.V. Gorlov
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
Y. Irie
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Conventional H⁻ stripping injection by using solid stripper foils in high intensity accelerators has many limitations concerning foil scattering beam losses, short lifetime of the foil including unexpected and rapid foil failure due to overheating of the foil. It is not only an issue for reliable machine operation but also for facility maintenance. In the 3-GeV RCS of J-PARC, the residual radiation level is extremely high not only near the injection area but also the used foil itself including the foil holder even at the present operation with one third of the designed 1 MW beam power. As an alternate method, later-assisted stripping of 1 GeV H⁻ beam has been intensively studied at SNS in Oak Ridge. The preparation for the next experiment is underway to demonstrate a three orders of magnitude improvement as compared to the earlier experiment. It is important to extend these studies for the lower H⁻ beam energies. In the same framework as in the SNS, laser stripping for the J-PARC H⁻ beam energy of 400 MeV has been studied in the present work. The real challenges and feasibilities at this lower energy are discussed in this paper.

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THPF044

Status of the J-PARC 3 GeV RCS

operation, linac, vacuum, radiation

3798

M. Kinsho
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

Beam injection energy of the RCS in J-PARC was increased from 181 MeV to 400 MeV, and user operation with beam energy of 300 kW for both the MLF and the MR was performed with high availability from February to Jun in 2014. Beam losses during beam injection period was decreased by reduction of space charge effect due to increase of beam injection energy. Since an ion source and an RFQ of the LINAC are replaced to realize 1 MW beam power at the RCS in summer maintenance period, injection beam peak current was increased from 30 mA to 50 mA. User operation was restarted from November with beam power of 300 kW. The beam power for user operation will be gradually increased after getting radiation safety permission from government. High intensity beam study was also performed and it was successfully to accelerate beam of 770 kW equivalent without beam loss except foil scattering loss. In this beam study it was cleared issues to realize 1MW operation in the RCS. Status of user operation and issues to realize high power operation in the RCS are presented.

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THPF046

Operation of the RHIC Injector Chain with Ions from EBIS

ion, booster, emittance, extraction

3804

C.J. Gardner, J.G. Alessi, E.N. Beebe, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, J.J. Butler, C. Carlson, W. Fischer, D.M. Gassner, D. Goldberg, T. Hayes, H. Huang, P.F. Ingrassia, J.P. Jamilkowski, N.A. Kling, J.S. Laster, D. Maffei, M. Mapes, I. Marneris, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, D.R. McCafferty, K. Mernick, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, S. Perez, A.I. Pikin, D. Raparia, T. Roser, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, D. Steski, P. Thieberger, J.E. Tuozzolo, B. Van Kuik, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, W. Zhang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Since 2012 gold and all other ions for the RHIC injector chain have been provided by an Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS). The source is followed by an RFQ, a short Linac, and a 30 m transport line. These components replace the Tandem van de Graaff and associated 840 m transfer line. They provide ions at 2 MeV per nucleon (kinetic energy) for injection into the AGS Booster. The setup and operation of Booster and AGS with various ions from the new source are reviewed.

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THPF082

Considerations on the Fast Pulsed Magnet Systems for the 2 GeV Beam Transfer from the CERN PSB to PS

kicker, operation, extraction, proton

3876

T. Kramer, J.L. Abelleira, W. Bartmann, J. Borburgh, L. Ducimetière, L.M.C. Feliciano, B. Goddard, L. Sermeus
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Within the scope of the LIU project the CERN PS Booster to PS beam transfer will be modified to match the requirements for the future 2 GeV proton beam energy upgrade. The paper describes considerations on the PSB extraction and recombination kickers as well as on the injection kicker(s) into the PS. Different schemes of an injection into the PS have been outlined in the past and are reviewed under the aspect of individual transfer kicker rise and fall time performances. Recent measurements on the recombination kickers are presented and subsequently homogenous rise and fall time requirements in the whole PSB to PS transfer chain are presented. The baseline option for the PS injection kicker(s) is outlined and compared to the previously presented concepts.

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THPF083

Painting Schemes for CERN PS Booster H⁻ Injection

emittance, simulation, linac, booster

3879

J.L. Abelleira, W. Bartmann, E. Benedetto, C. Bracco, G.P. Di Giovanni, V. Forte, M. Kowalska, M. Meddahi, B. Mikulec, G. Rumolo
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
V. Forte
Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
M. Kowalska
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

The present 50-MeV proton injection into the PS Booster will be replaced by a H⁻ charge exchange injection at 160 MeV to be provided by Linac 4. The higher energy will allow producing beams at higher brightness. A set of kicker magnets (KSW) will move the beam across the stripping foil to perform phase space painting in the horizontal plane to reduce space charge effects. The PSB must satisfy the different users with very different beams in terms of emittance and intensity. Therefore, the KSW waveforms must be adapted for each case to meet the beam characteristics while minimizing beam losses. Here we present the results of the simulations performed to optimise the injection system. A detailed analysis of the different painting schemes is discussed, including the effect of the working point on the painted beam, and variations in the offset of the injected beam.

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THPF086

A New Hardware Design for PSB Kicker Magnets (KSW) for the 35 mm Transverse Painting in the Horizontal Plane

kicker, linac, vacuum, emittance

3890

L.M.C. Feliciano, C. Bracco, L. Ducimetière, T. Fowler, G. Gräwer, R. Noulibos, L. Sermeus, W.J.M. Weterings, C. Zannini
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The changeover from Linac2 to Linac4 in CERN’s injector chain will allow increasing the injection energy into the PS Booster from 50 MeV to 160 MeV. Transverse phase space painting will be performed in the horizontal plane, by means of four stacks of four KSW kicker magnets. The KSW magnets are located outside the injection region and will produce a 35 mm closed orbit bump, with falling amplitude during the injection to accomplish transverse phase space painting to the required emittance. New magnets with two different types of coils are being built using the existing design. The magnets are made of two halves, which are assembled together around a vacuum ceramic chamber. In order to reduce the beam impedance, the ceramic chamber is internally coated by a thin titanium layer. A new multiple-linear waveform generator has been developed to provide the high flexibility in the KSW kicker magnets current decay to fulfil the requirements of all the different users (LHC, nTOF, ISOLDE, CNGS, etc.).

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THPF088

CERN PS Booster Upgrade and LHC Beams Emittance

emittance, simulation, space-charge, booster

3897

E. Benedetto, J.L. Abelleira, C. Bracco, V. Forte, B. Mikulec, G. Rumolo
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
V. Forte
Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France

By increasing the CERN PS Booster injection energy from 50 MeV to 160 MeV, the LHC Injector Upgrade Project aims at producing twice as brighter beams for the LHC. Previous measurements showed a linear dependence of the transverse emittance with the beam intensity and space-charge simulations confirmed the linear scaling. This paper is discussing in detail the dependence on the longitudinal emittance and on the choice of the working point, with a special attention to the H⁻ injection process and to the beam dynamics in the first 5 ms, during the fall of the injection chicane bump.

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THPF089

Beam Transfer to the FCC-hh Collider from a 3.3 TeV Booster in the LHC Tunnel

kicker, septum, collider, optics

3901

W. Bartmann, M.J. Barnes, M.A. Fraser, B. Goddard, W. Herr, J. Holma, V. Kain, T. Kramer, M. Meddahi, A. Milanese, R. Ostojić, L.S. Stoel, J.A. Uythoven, F.M. Velotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Transfer of the high brightness 3.3 TeV proton beams from the High Energy Booster (HEB) to the 100 TeV centre-of-mass proton collider in a new tunnel of 80–100 km circumference will be a major challenge. The extremely high stored beam energy means that machine protection considerations will constrain the functional design of the transfer, for instance in the amount of beam transferred, the kicker rise and fall times and hence the collider filling pattern. In addition the transfer lines may need dedicated insertions for passive protection devices. The requirements and constraints are described, and a first concept for the 3.3 TeV beam transfer between the machines is outlined. The resulting implications on the parameters and design of the various kicker systems are explored, in the context of the available technology. The general features of the transfer lines between the machines are described, with the expected constraints on the collider layout and insertion lengths.

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THPF090

Status and Plans for the Upgrade of the CERN PS Booster

proton, booster, cavity, hardware

3905

K. Hanke, D. Aguglia, M.E. Angoletta, W. Bartmann, C. Bedel, E. Benedetto, S. Bertolasi, C. Bertone, J. Betz, T.W. Birtwistle, A. Blas, J. Borburgh, C. Bracco, A.C. Butterworth, E. Carlier, S. Chemli, P. Dahlen, A. Dallocchio, G.P. Di Giovanni, T. Dobers, A. Findlay, R. Froeschl, A. Funken, S. Gabourin, J.L. Grenard, D. Grenier, J. Hansen, D. Hay, J.-M. Lacroix, P. Le Roux, L.A. Lopez Hernandez, C. Martin, A. Masi, B. Mikulec, Y. Muttoni, A. Newborough, D. Nisbet, M.R. Obrecht, M.M. Paoluzzi, S. Pittet, B. Puccio, J. Tan, J. Vollaire, W.J.M. Weterings
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

CERN’s Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) is undergoing a major upgrade program in the frame of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project. During the first long LHC shutdown (LS1) some parts of the upgrade have already been implemented, and the machine has been successfully re-commissioned. More work is planned for the upcoming end-of-year technical stops, notably in 2016/17, while most of the upgrade is planned to take place during the second long LHC shutdown (LS2). We report on the upgrade items already completed and commissioned, the first Run 2 beam performance and give a status of the ongoing design and integration work.

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THPF091

Detailed Studies of Beam Induced Scrubbing in the CERN-SPS

electron, proton, emittance, operation

3908

G. Iadarola, H. Bartosik, T. Bohl, B. Goddard, G. Kotzian, K.S.B. Li, L. Mether, G. Rumolo, M. Schenk, E.N. Shaposhnikova, M. Taborelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) program, it is foreseen to take all the necessary measures to avoid electron cloud effects in the CERN-SPS. This can be achieved by either relying on beam induced scrubbing or by coating the vacuum chambers with intrinsically low Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) material over a large fraction of the ring. To clearly establish the potential of beam induced scrubbing, and to eventually decide between the two above options, an extensive scrubbing campaign is taking place at the SPS. Ten days in 2014 and two full weeks in 2015 are devoted to machine scrubbing and scrubbing qualification studies. This paper summarizes the main findings in terms of scrubbing efficiency and reach so far, addressing also the option of using a special doublet beam and its implication for LHC.

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THPF093

Status of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) Project at CERN

ion, brightness, proton, linac

3915

M. Meddahi, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, A. Funken, S.S. Gilardoni, B. Goddard, K. Hanke, L. Kobzeva, A.M. Lombardi, D. Manglunki, S. Mataguez, B. Mikulec, G. Rumolo, E.N. Shaposhnikova, M. Vretenar
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

CERN is currently carrying out an ambitious improvement programme of the full LHC Injectors chain in order to enable the delivery of beams with the challenging HL-LHC parameters. The LHC Injectors Upgrade project coordinates this massive upgrade program, and covers a new linac (Linac4 project) as well as upgrades to the Proton Synchrotron Booster, the Proton Synchrotron and Super Proton Synchrotron. The heavy ion injector chain is also included, adding the Linac3 and Low Energy Ion Ring to the list of accelerators concerned. The performance objectives and roadmap of the main upgrades will be presented, including the work status and outlook. The machine studies and milestones during LHC Run 2 will be discussed and a preliminary Long Shutdown 2 installation planning given. Finally, for the LHC Run 3, the beam performance across the full injector chain after all the upgrades will be estimated and the required commissioning stages outlined.

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THPF094

Possible Reuse of the LHC as a 3.3 TeV High Energy Booster for Hadron Injection into the FCC-hh Collider

collider, extraction, dipole, insertion

3919

B. Goddard, W. Bartmann, M. Benedikt, W. Herr, M. Lamont, P. Lebrun, M. Meddahi, A. Milanese, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, L.S. Stoel
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

One option for the injector into a 100 TeV centre-of-mass energy frontier proton collider (FCC-hh) in a new tunnel of 80–100 km circumference is to reuse a suitably modified LHC as 3.3 TeV High Energy Booster (HEB). The changes that would be required to the existing LHC insertions are described, including the types and numbers of new magnets and circuits. The limitations on the maximum LHC ramp rate and minimum cycle time discussed. The key question of the minimum FCC filling time achievable with technically possible upgrades is examined, together with the issues of decommissioning for the elements which would need to be removed from the machine. The potential performance reach of the modified LHC as 3.3 TeV HEB is quantified, and implications for FCC-hh discussed.

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THPF098

SPS-to-LHC Transfer Lines Loss Map Generation Using PyCollimate

collimation, scattering, simulation, proton

3934

F.M. Velotti
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, M.A. Fraser, B. Goddard, V. Kain, M. Meddahi, F.M. Velotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Transfer Lines (TL) linking the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are both equipped with a complete collimation system to protect the LHC against mis-steered beams. During the setting up of these collimators, their gaps are positioned to nominal values and the phase-space coverage of the whole system is checked using a manual validation procedure. In order to perform this setting-up more efficiently and more reliably, the simulated loss maps of the TLs will be used to validate the collimator positions and settings. In this paper, the simulation procedure for the generation of TL loss maps is described, and a detailed overview of the new scattering routine (pycollimate) is given. Finally, the results of simulations benchmark with another scattering routine are presented.

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THPF099

Upgrade of the SPS Ion Injection System

ion, emittance, kicker, simulation

3938

J.A. Uythoven, J. Borburgh, E. Bravin, S. Burger, E. Carlier, J.-M. Cravero, L. Ducimetière, S.S. Gilardoni, B. Goddard, J. Hansen, E.B. Holzer, M. Hourican, T. Kramer, F.L. Maciariello, D. Manglunki, F.-X. Nuiry, A. Perillo Marcone, G.E. Steele, F.M. Velotti, H. Vincke
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

As part of the LHC Injectors Upgrade Project (LIU) the injection system into the SPS will be upgraded for the use with ions. The changes will include the addition of a Pulse Forming Line parallel to the existing PFN to power the kicker magnets MKP-S. With the PFL a reduced magnetic field rise time of 100 ns should be reached. The missing deflection strength will be given by two new septum magnets MSI-V, to be installed between the existing septum MSI and the kickers MKP-S. A dedicated ion dump will be installed downstream of the injection elements. The parameter lists of the elements and studies concerning emittance blow-up coming from the injection system are presented. The feasibility of the 100 ns kicker rise time and the small ripple of the septum power converter are presented. Material studies of the ion dump are presented together with the radiation impact.

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THPF100

Status of the ESSnuSB Accumulator

linac, target, lattice, proton

3942

E.H.M. Wildner, B.J. Holzer, M. Martini, Y. Papaphilippou, H.O. Schönauer
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
T.J.C. Ekelöf, M. Olvegård, R.J.M.Y. Ruber
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
M. Eshraqi
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a research center based on the world's most powerful neutron source currently under construction in Lund, Sweden. 2.0 GeV, 2.86 ms long proton pulses at 14 Hz are produced for the spallation facility (5MW on target). The possibility to pulse the linac at higher frequency to deliver, in parallel with the spallation neutron production, a very intense, cost effective, high performance neutrino beam. Short pulses on the target require an accumulator ring. The optimization of the accumulator lattice to store these high intensity beams from the linac (1.1x10¹⁵ protons per pulse) has to take into account the space available on the ESS site, transport of H⁻ beams (charge exchange injection), radiation and shielding needs. Space must be available in the ring for collimation and an RF system for the extraction gap and loss control. We present the status of the accumulator for ESS neutrino facility.

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THPF112

A New Beam Injection Scheme for the Fermilab Booster

booster, simulation, emittance, acceleration

3976

C.M. Bhat
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy
Here we present an improved beam injection scheme for the Fermilab Booster. The beam is injected on the deceleration part of the standard sinusoidal magnetic ramp and beam capture takes place almost immediately after the injection process, before the beam is fully de-bunched. During the entire capture process we impose in a changing field with changing from negative to zero to positive values. Our simulations clearly showed that this method of beam capture is more efficient to preserve longitudinal beam emittance at the early part of the acceleration cycle and helps to keep the required rf voltage to an optimal value of 15% lower than the current operational values. As a result of the reduced emittance growth at the early part of the Booster cycle we observe reduced required rf power on a typical Booster cycle by ~30%, which is quite important from the point of rf power requirements during the Booster operation. Further, we investigate snap bunch rotation at extraction to provide beam with lower to the MI/RR to improve the proton beam slip-stacking efficiency.

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THPF113

Energy Spread of the Proton Beam in the Fermilab Booster at Its Injection Energy

booster, cavity, proton, simulation

3979

C.M. Bhat, B.E. Chase, S. Chaurize, F.G. Garcia, W. Pellico, K. Seiya, T. Sullivan, A.K. Triplett
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy
We have measured the total energy spread (99% energy spread) of the Booster beam at its injection energy of 400 MeV by three different methods - 1) creating a notch of about 40 nsec wide in the beam immediately after multiple turn injection and measuring the slippage time required for high and low momentum particles for a grazing touch in line-charge distribution, 2) injecting partial turn beam and letting it to debunch, and 3) comparing the beam profile monitor data with predictions from MAD simulations for the 400 MeV injection beam line. The measurements are repeated under varieties of conditions of RF systems in the ring and in the beam transfer line.

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THPF116

PIP-II Status and Strategy

linac, proton, booster, operation

3982

S.D. Holmes, P. Derwent, V.A. Lebedev, C.S. Mishra, D.V. Mitchell, V.P. Yakovlev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the Fermi Research Alliance under U.S. Department of Energy contract number DE-AC02-07CH11359
Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) is the centerpiece of Fermilab’s plan for upgrading the accelerator complex to establish the leading facility in the world for particle physics research based on intense proton beams. PIP-II has been developed to provide 1.2 MW of proton beam power at the start of operations of the Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE), while simultaneously providing a platform for eventual extension of LBNE beam power to >2 MW and enabling future initiatives in rare processes research based on high duty factor/higher beam power operations. PIP-II is based on the construction of a new, 800 MeV, superconducting linac, augmented by improvements to the existing Booster, Recycler, and Main Injector complex. PIP-II is currently in the development stage with an R&D program underway targeting the front end and superconducting rf acceleration technologies. This paper will describe the status of the PIP-II conceptual development, the associated technology R&D programs, and the strategy for project implementation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-THPF116

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THPF118

Fermilab Booster Injection Upgrade to 800 MeV for PIP-II

booster, dipole, linac, closed-orbit

3986

D.E. Johnson, V.A. Lebedev, I.L. Rakhno
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Fermilab is proposing to build an 800 MeV superconducting linac which will be used to inject H⁻ ions into the existing Booster synchrotron as part of the proposed PIP-II project. The injection energy of the Booster will be raised from the current 400 MeV to 800 MeV. Transverse phase space painting will be required due to the small linac transverse emittance (emit_ring/emit_linac ~ 10) and low average linac current of 2 mA. The painting is also helpful with reduction of beam distributions resulting in a reduction of space charge effects. The injection will require approximately 300 turns corresponding to a ~ 0.5 ms injection time. A factor of seven increase in injected beam power (relative to present operation) requires an injection waste beam absorber. The paper describes the requirements for the injection insert, itsdesign, and plans for transverse painting.

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THPF119

Transfer Line Design for PIP-II Project

linac, booster, target, quadrupole

3989

A. Vivoli, J. Hunt, D.E. Johnson, V.A. Lebedev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The recent U.S. Particle Physics Community P5 report encouraged the realization of the Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) project to support future neutrino programs in the United States. PIP-II includes the construction of a new 800 MeV H⁻ Superconducting (SC) Linac at Fermilab and an upgrade of its current accelerator complex mostly focused on upgrades of the Booster and Main Injector synchrotrons. The SC Linac will initially operate in pulsed mode at 20 Hz. The design should be compatible with upgrades to CW mode and higher energy. A new transport line will connect the Linac to the Booster. This line has to provide adequate collimation and be instrumented for beam parameter measurements. In addition, to support beam based Linac energy stabilization, the line should provide a mechanism to redirect the beam from the dump to the Booster within one pulse. In this paper we present the design of the transport line developed to meet the above requirements. Tracking simulations results are reported to confirm the validity of the design.

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THPF131

Beam Studies for the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) - Reducing Beam Loss at the Fermilab Booster

booster, proton, simulation, lattice

4027

K. Seiya, C.M. Bhat, D.E. Johnson, V.V. Kapin, W. Pellico, C.-Y. Tan, R. Tesarek
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The Fermilab Booster is being upgraded under the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) to be capable of providing a proton flux of 2.25·10¹⁷ protons per hour. The intensity per cycle will remain at the present operational 4.3·10¹² protons per pulse, however the Booster beam cycle rate is going to be increased from 7.5 Hz to 15 Hz. One of the biggest challenges is to maintain the present beam loss power while the doubling the beam flux. Under PIP, there has been a large effort in beam studies and simulations to better understand the mechanisms of the beam loss. The goal is to reduce it by half by correcting and controlling the beam dynamics and by improving operational systems through hardware upgrades. This paper is going to present the recent beam study results and status of the Booster operations.

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THPF141

Design of a Compact All-Permanent Magnet ECR Ion Source Injector for ReA at MSU NSCL

ion, ECR, ion-source, extraction

4054

A.N. Pham, P. Glennon, A. Lajoie, D. Lawton, D. Leitner, G. Machicoane, J. Ottarson, M. Portillo, J. Wenstrom
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by Michigan State University and the National Science Foundation Grant PHYS-1102511.
The design of a compact all-permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source injector for the ReAccelerator Facility (ReA) at the Michigan State University (MSU) National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) is currently being carried out. The ECR ion source injector will augment the electron beam ion trap (EBIT) charge breeder as an off-line stable ion beam injector for the ReA linac. The objective of the ECR ion source injector will be to provide CW beams of heavy ions from hydrogen to masses up to 136Xe within the ReA charge-to-mass ratio (Q/A) operational range from 0.2 to 0.5. The ECR ion source will be mounted on a high-voltage platform that can be adjusted to provide the required 12 keV/u injection energy into a room temperature radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) for further acceleration. The beam line consists of a 30 kV tetrode extraction system, mass analyzing section, and optical matching section for injection into the existing ReA Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line. The design of the ECR ion source and the associated beam line are discussed.

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