IPAC2015 - List of Keywords (target)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOAB1	High Beam Intensity Harp Studies and Developments at SNS	data-acquisition, electronics, proton, simulation	17
	W. Blokland ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Harp consists of 30 wires for each of the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal planes. The purpose of the harp is to measure the position, profile, and peak density of the high intensity beam coming out of the accumulator ring and going onto the spallation target. The data-acquisition hardware is now over ten years old and many of the electronics parts are obsolete. Occasionally, the electronics must be rebooted to reset the sample-and-hold circuitry. To evaluate options for a new system, the signals from the harp were studied. This paper will describe these studies’ results, the design, and initial results of the new and simpler data-acquisition system..
	Slides MOAB1 [4.335 MB]
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MOPWA017	Design Status of the ESSvSB Switchyard	proton, dipole, quadrupole, emittance	125
	E. Bouquerel IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
	The feasibility of the distribution of 5 MW proton beam power pulsed at 70 Hz onto a 4-target station for the production of neutrino super beams is discussed. To deflect and focus the beam having a magnetic rigidity of 11.0 Tm onto the targets, different configurations of beam switchyard are proposed and compared. The number of dipoles and quadrupoles composing this system is defined for each scenario. The length, the aperture, the magnetic fields and the field gradients of these optical elements are determined. The code TraceWin is used to simulate and optimize the envelopes of the beam along the beam lines. The transverse emittances at the exit of the system are shown.
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MOPWA052	Formation of a Uniform Ion Beam Based on Nonlinear Focusing and its Applications at the JAEA TIARA Cyclotron	ion, cyclotron, scattering, octupole	236
	Y. Yuri, I. Ishibori, T. Ishizaka, S. Okumura, K. Yoshida, T. Yuyama JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan
	A formation/irradiation technique of large-area uniform beams based on nonlinear focusing of multipole magnets has been developed toward advanced research and efficient industrial applications at the TIARA AVF cyclotron of Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The uniform beam is formed as follows: An ion beam extracted from the cyclotron is multiply-scattered with a thin foil so that the transverse beam intensity distribution can be smoothed into a Gaussian-like distribution, critical to the formation of a highly uniform distribution. Then, the tail of the Gaussian-like distribution is folded into the inside by the nonlinear force of octupole magnets and eventually a uniform intensity distribution can be formed on a target. Typically, the area and uniformity of the beam are over 100 cm² and below 10%, respectively. Such large-area uniform beams have already been applied to radiation degradation testing of space-use solar cells and a study on functional materials in TIARA. In the presentation, the latest R&D results and the utilization status of the uniform beam will be shown.
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MOPWA065	Uniformization of the Transverse Beam Profile by a New Type Nonlinear Magnet	octupole, multipole, dipole, simulation	272
	G. Gu, W.B. Liu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The uniform particle beam is desirable in many beam applications. One method to get this type of beam distribution is using octupoles, but loss of particles in the halo will be produced by this method. To reduce the beam loss, a new type of magnet is proposed in this paper. The field in the middle region of the new type magnet is similar to the octupole magnet field, but the rate of rise decline quickly in the edge. So that the particle in the edge experience a lower magnet field, and this would result in less particle loss. We also add a mechanical structure on the new type magnet to make it possible to adjust the size of middle region. So that the magnet can adapt to different transverse dimensions of the beam, and this would further reduce particle loss. Some numerical simulations have been done respectively with octuples and the new type of magnet. The simulation results show that the new type of magnet could get the uniform distribution of particle beam with less particle loss. We are processing a magnet now, and an experiment to test the magnet will be arranged on CPHS.
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MOPJE055	Design of an Intense Muon Source with a Carbon and Mercury Target	proton, factory, collider, solenoid	423
	D. Stratakis, J.S. Berg BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA X.P. Ding UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Authored by employees of Brookhaven Science Associates LLC under Contract DE-SC0012704 and with Fermi Research Alliance LLC under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy In high-intensity sources, muons are produced by firing high energy protons onto a target to produce pions. The pions decay to muons which are captured and accelerated. In the present study, we examine the performance of the channel for two different target scenarios: one based on liquid mercury and another one based on a solid carbon target. We produce distributions with the two different target materials and discuss differences in particle spectrum near the sources. We then propagate the distributions through our capture system and compare the full system performance for the two target types.
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MOPJE058	FLUKA Modeling of the ESS Accelerator	cryomodule, proton, linac, radiation	434
	L. Lari, M. Eshraqi, L.S. Esposito, L. Tchelidze ESS, Lund, Sweden F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito, L. Lari, A. Mereghetti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In order to evaluate the energy deposition and radiation issues concerning the ESS accelerator, a FLUKA model of the machine has been created. The geometry of the superconducting beam line is built according to the machine optics, described in the TraceWin file and the CATIA drawings of the beam elements, using the LineBuilder tool developed at CERN. The objective is to create a flexible FLUKA model that is able to be adapted to the optimization of the optics, design modifications and machine integration constraints. Preliminary results are also presented.
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MOPJE076	Multi-objective Genetic Optimization with the General Particle Tracer (GPT) Code	solenoid, emittance, factory, cavity	492
	S.B. van der Geer, M.J. de Loos Pulsar Physics, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
	In a typical design process there are a large number of variables, external constraints, and multiple conflicting objectives. Examples of the latter are short pulse, high charge, low emittance and low price. The classical solution to handle such problems is to combine all objectives into one merit function. This however implicitly assumes that the tradeoffs between all objectives are a-priori known. Especially in the early design stages this is hardly ever the case. A popular solution to this problem is to switch to multi-objective genetic optimization algorithms. This class of algorithms solves the problem by genetically optimising an entire population of sample solutions. Selection and recombination operators are defined such that the output, the so-called Pareto front, only includes solutions that are fully optimized where no objective can be improved without degrading any other. Here we present numerical studies and practical test runs of the genetic optimizer built into the General Particle Tracer (GPT) code.
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MOPMA019	Simulations of the Fermilab Recycler for Losses and Collimation	simulation, space-charge, collimation, proton	582
	E.G. Stern, R. Ainsworth, J.F. Amundson, B.C. Brown Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Fermilab has recently completed an upgrade to the com- plex with the goal of delivering 700 kW of beam power as 120 GeV protons to the NuMI target. A major part of boost- ing beam power is to shorten the beam cycle by accumulating up to 12 bunches of 0.5 × 10 11 protons in the Recycler ring through slip-stacking during the Main Injector ramp. This introduces much higher intensities into the Recycler than it has had before. Meeting radiation safety requirements with high intensity operations requires understanding the ef- fects of space charge induced tune spreads and resulting halo formation, and aperture restrictions in the real machine to de- velop a collimation strategy. We report on initial simulations of slip-stacking in the Recycler performed with Synergia.
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MOPMA055	MuSim, a Graphical User Interface for Multiple Simulation Programs	simulation, interface, detector, storage-ring	678
	T.J. Roberts Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA P.L. Gueye Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA
	MuSim is a new user-friendly program designed to interface to many different particle simulation codes, regardless of their data formats or geometry descriptions. It presents the user with a compelling graphical user interface that includes a flexible 3-D view of the simulated world plus powerful editing and drag-and-drop capabilities. All aspects of the design can be parametrized so that parameter scans and optimizations are easy. It is simple to create plots and display events in the 3-D viewer (with a slider to vary the transparency of solids), allowing for an effortless comparison of different simulation codes. Simulation codes: G4beamline, MAD-X, and MCNP; more coming. Many accelerator design tools and beam optics codes were written long ago, with primitive user interfaces by today’s standards. MuSim is specifically designed to make it easy to interface to such codes, providing a common user experience for all, and permitting the construction and exploration of models with very little overhead. For today’s technology-driven students, graphical interfaces meet their expectations far better than text-based tools, and education in accelerator physics is one of our primary goals.
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MOPMN001	Linear Optics and Coupling Correction with Turn-by-turn BPM Data	lattice, quadrupole, optics, coupling	698
	X. Huang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA X. Yang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	We propose a method to measure and correct storage ring linear optics and coupling with turn-by-turn BPM data. The independent component analysis (ICA) is used to obtain the amplitudes and phase advances of the betatron normal modes, which are compared to their counterparts derived from the lattice model. By fitting the model to the data with quadrupole and skew quadrupole variables, the linear optics and coupling of the machine can be obtained. Simulation demonstrates that errors in the lattice and BPM parameters can be recovered with this method. Experiments on the NSLS-II storage ring show that it can find the same optics as the linear optics from closed orbit (LOCO) method.
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MOPTY011	Operation Experience of p-Carbon Polarimeter in RHIC	polarization, detector, vacuum, operation	956
	H. Huang, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, A. Bazilevsky, O. Eyser, D. Kalinkin, J. Kewisch, Y. Makdisi, S. Nemesure, A. Poblaguev, W.B. Schmidke, D. Smirnov, D. Steski, K. Yip, A. Zelenski BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA I.G. Alekseev, D. Svirida ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The spin physics program in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) requires fast polarimeter to monitor the polarization evolution on the ramp and during stores. Over past decade, the polarimeter has evolved greatly to improve its performance. These include dual chamber design, monitoring camera, Si detector selection (and orientation), target quality control, and target frame modification. The preamp boards have been modified to deal with the high rate problem, too. The ultra thin carbon target lifetime is a concern. Simulations have been carried out on the target interaction with beam. Modification has also been done on the frame design. Extra caution has been put on RF shielding to deal with the pickup noises from the nearby stochastic cooling kickers. This paper summarizes the recent operation performance of this delicate device.
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MOPTY023	Beam Diagnostic of the LINAC for the Compact High-Performance THz-FEL	linac, gun, FEL, emittance	987
	T. Hu, Q.S. Chen, K.F. Liu, B. Qin, P. Tan, Y.Q. Xiong, J. Yang HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China W. Chen Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China J. Liu, Y.J. Pei, Z.X. Tang USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China Z.M. Wang Chinagray, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
	With the aim to obtain short-pulse bunches with high peak current for a terahertz radiation source, an FEL-based LINAC is employed in HUST THz-FEL, and the LINAC consists of an EC-ITC RF gun, a disk-loaed waveguide structure with a constant gradient and collinear absorbing loads with focusing coils surrounded and so on. To achieve a balance between compactness and high performance, beam diagnostic system should be simple and high-precision. So that a cost-effective measurement scheme for the high-brightness beam extracted by the LINAC is needed. This paper will describe the beam line and beam diagnostic system of the LINAC in the HUST THz-FEL in detail and give corresponding assembly scheme. In addition, online monitor system is introduced.
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MOPTY030	Capacitive Linear-Cut Beam Position Monitor Design for Ion Synchrotron at KHIMA Project	synchrotron, vacuum, operation, proton	998
	J.G. Hwang, C.H. Kim, S.H. Nam, S.Y. Noh KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea G. Hahn, W.T. Hwang, T.K. Yang KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea E.-S. Kim Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
	The KHIMA (Korea Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator) project is launched to construct the carbon and proton beam base ion therapy machine. It, which consists of the injector with RFQ and IH-DTL linacs, medium beam transport line, synchrotron, and high energy beam transport line, will be provided the carbon beam up to 430 MeV/u and proton beam up to 230 MeV for cancer therapy. The high precision beam position monitor is required to match and control the beam trajectory for the beam injection and closed orbit in synchrotron. It was also used for measuring the beta-function, tune, and chromaticity. Since the bunch length at heavy ion synchrotron is relatively long, a few meters, a box-like device with long plates of typically 20 cm is used to enhance the signal strength and to get a precise linear dependence with respect to the beam displacement. In this presentation, we show the electromagnetic design of the electrode and surroundings to satisfy the resolution of 100 um, the criteria for mechanical aspect to satisfy the position accuracy of 200 um, the measurement result of position accuracy by using the wire test-bench, and the beam-test results with long (~ 1.6 us) electron beam in PAL.
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MOPTY045	ESS Availability and Reliability Approach	neutron, experiment, operation, proton	1033
	E. Bargalló, K.H. Andersen, R. Andersson, A. De Isusi, A. Nordt, E.J. Pitcher ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Reliability and availability are key metrics for achieving the scientific vision of the ESS. The approach taken to analyze and to improve these metrics in order to achieve the goals is described in this contribution. The methodology used to obtain the requirements considers not only the availability and reliability figures but also the specific needs extracted from users expectations from the neutron source in order to succeed in their experiments. A top-down requirements allocation is being developed at the same time that bottom-up reliability and availability analyses is being performed. The experiments expected at ESS and their needs in terms of neutron beam performance (reliability, availability and quality) are described as well as the tools used to analyze it. Moreover, the consequences of these analyses in the design phase are discussed.
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MOPTY046	Personnel Safety Systems for the European Spallation Source	radiation, PLC, controls, neutron	1036
	S.L. Birch, A. Nordt, D. Paulic ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Providing and assuring safe conditions for personnel is a key parameter required to operate the European Spallation Source (ESS). The ESS will be responsible for developing all of the facility personnel safety related systems. All of these systems will be developed by the Integrated Control Systems Division (ICS) and all will be designed, manufactured, commissioned and operated in accordance with the IEC61508 standard, with regard to functional safety for Electrical/Electronic and Programmable Electronic (E/E/PE) safety related systems. This paper describes the ESS Personnel safety system’s scope, strategy, initial design requirements, and methodology but also provides an update of the system design progress so far.
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MOPTY048	Machine Protection Strategy for the ESS	operation, neutron, controls, proton	1042
	A. Nordt, T. Friedrich, T. Korhonen ESS, Lund, Sweden C. Hilbes ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland
	The ESS proton beam power of 125MW per pulse (5MW average) will be unprecedented and its uncontrolled release could lead to serious damage of equipment within a few microseconds only. To optimize the operational efficiency of the ESS facility allowing for very high beam availability with high reliability towards the end-users, accidents should be avoided and interruptions of beam operation have to be rare and limited to a short time. Finding the right balance between efficient protection of equipment from damage and high beam availability is the key idea on which the ESS Machine Protection Strategy is being based on. Implementing and realizing the measures needed to provide the correct level of machine protection in case of a complex facility like the ESS, requires a systematic approach, which will be discussed in this paper. A method of how to derive machine protection relevant requirements and how to assure completeness of these will be outlined as well.
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MOPTY052	Experimental and Simulation Studies of Hydrodynamic Tunneling of Ultra-Relativistic Protons	simulation, proton, experiment, cavity	1048
	F. Burkart, R. Schmidt, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A.R. Piriz Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain A. Shutov IPCP, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia N.A. Tahir GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The expected damage due to the release of the full LHC beam energy at a single aperture bottleneck has been studied. These studies have shown that the range of the 7 TeV LHC proton beam is significantly extended compared to that of a single proton due to hydrodynamic tunneling effect. For instance, it was evaluated that the protons and their showers will penetrate up to a length of 25 m in solid carbon compared to a static range of around 3 m. To check the validity of these simulations, beam- target heating experiments using the 440 GeV proton beam generated by the SPS were performed at the HiRadMat test facility at CERN . Solid copper targets were facially irradiated by the beam and measurements confirmed hydrodynamic tunneling of the protons and their showers. Simulations have been done by running the energy deposition code FLUKA and the 2D hydrodynamic code, BIG2, iteratively. Very good agreement has been found between the simulations and the experimental results * providing confidence in the validity of the studies for the LHC. This paper presents the simulation studies, the results of a benchmarking experiment, and the detailed target investigations. * N.A. Tahir et al., Phys. Rev. Special Topics Accel. Beams 15 (2012) 051003. ** R. Schmidt et al., Phys. Plasmas 21 (2014) 080701.
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MOPWI017	Beam Extinction Monitoring in the Mu2e Experiment	proton, detector, experiment, shielding	1185
	E. Prebys, A. Gaponenko, P.H. Kasper Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA L.M. Bartoszek Bartoszek Engineering, Aurora, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the US Department of Energy under contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359. The Mu2e Experiment at Fermilab will search for the conversion of a muon to an electron in the field of an atomic nucleus with unprecedented sensitivity. The experiment requires a beam consisting of proton bunches approximately 200ns FW long, separated by 1.7 microseconds, with no out-of-time protons at the 10^-10 fractional level. The verification of this level of extinction is very challenging. The proposed technique uses a special purpose spectrometer which will observe particles scattered from the production target of the experiment. The acceptance will be limited such that there will be no saturation effects from the in-time beam. The precise level and profile of the out-of-time beam can then be built up statistically, by integrating over many bunches.
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TUXB1	FRANZ and Small-Scale Accelerator-Driven Neutron Sources	neutron, proton, rfq, operation	1276
	C. Wiesner, S.M. Alzubaidi, M. Droba, M. Heilmann, O. Hinrichs, B. Klump, O. Meusel, D. Noll, O. Payir, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp, S. Schmidt, P.P. Schneider, M. Schwarz, W. Schweizer, K. Volk, C. Wagner IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany R. Reifarth IKF, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany
	This paper gives an overview of the opportunities and challenges of high-intensity, low-energy light-ion accelerators for neutron production. Applications of this technology range from the study of stellar nucleosynthesis and astrophysical phenomena to medical applications such as Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The paper includes details of the FRANZ facility, under development at Frankfurt University.
	Slides TUXB1 [3.514 MB]
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TUBB2	The Accelerator Facility of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research	ion, proton, antiproton, heavy-ion	1343
	P.J. Spiller, F. Becker, A. Dolinskyy, L. Groening, O.K. Kester, K. Knie, H. Reich-Sprenger, W. Vinzenz, M. Winkler GSI, Darmstadt, Germany D. Prasuhn FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	The accelerators of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research – FAIR are under construction. The sophisticated system of accelerators is designed to produce stable and secondary beams with a significant variety of intensities and beam energies. FAIR will explore the intensity frontier of heavy ion accelerators and the beams for the experiments will have highest beam quality for cutting edge physics to be conducted. The main driver accelerator of FAIR will be the SIS100 synchrotron. In order to produce the intense rare isotope beams (RIB) at FAIR, a unique superconducting fragment separator is under construction. A system of storage rings will collect and cool secondary particles from the FAIR. Intense work on test infrastructure for the huge number of superconducting magnets of the FAIR machines is ongoing at GSI and several partner labs. In addition, the GSI accelerator facility is being prepared to serve as injector for the FAIR accelerators. As the construction of the FAIR accelerators and the procurement has started, an overview of the designs, procurements plans and infrastructure preparation can be provided.
	Slides TUBB2 [4.653 MB]
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TUAD2	Comparison between Measured and Computed Temperatures of the Internal High Energy Beam Dump in the CERN SPS	simulation, dumping, shielding, kicker	1373
	G.E. Steele, R. Folch, V. Kain, I.V. Leitao, R. Losito, C. Maglioni, F. Pasdeloup, A. Perillo-Marcone, F.M. Velotti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The SPS high energy internal dump (TIDVG) is designed to receive beam dumps from 10².2 to 450 GeV. The absorbing core is composed of 2.5m graphite, followed by 1m of aluminium, then 0.5m of copper and finally 0.3m of tungsten, all of which is surrounded by a water cooled copper jacket. An inspection during Long Shutdown 1 revealed significant beam induced damage to the Al section of the dump block. Temperature sensors were installed to monitor the new dump replacing the damaged one. This paper summarises the correlation between the temperature measured as a function of the energy deposited and the same temperatures computed in a numerical model combining FLUKA and ANSYS simulations. The goal of this study is the assessment of the thermal contact quality between the beam absorbing blocks and the copper jacket, by analysing the cooling times observed from the measurements and from the thermo-mechanical simulations. This paper presents an improved method to estimate the efficiency and long term reliability of the cooling of this type of design, with the view of optimising the performance of future dump versions.
	Slides TUAD2 [5.768 MB]
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TUPWA048	Radiative Cooled Target for the ILC Polarized Positron Source	positron, vacuum, photon, radiation	1526
	A. Ushakov University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany F. Dietrich, S. Riemann, T. Rublack DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany P. Sievers CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Work supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Joint Research Project R&D Accelerator "Spin Optimization", contract number 19XL7IC4 The target for the polarized positron source of the future International Linear Collider (ILC) is designed as wheel of 1 m diameter spinning with 2000 revolutions per minute to distribute the heat load. The target system is placed in vacuum since exit windows would not stand the load. In the current ILC design, the positron target is assumed to be water-cooled. Here, as an alternative, radiative cooling of the target has been studied. The energy deposition in the target is the input for ANSYS simulations. They include the temperature evolution as well as the corresponding thermo-mechanical stress in the target components. A principal design is suggested for further consideration.
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TUPJE001	Design of Wavelength Tunable Coherent X-Ray Source	electron, radiation, optics, emittance	1604
	J. Hyun Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan K. Endo TOYAMA Co., Ltd., Zama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan K. Hayakawa, Y. Hayakawa, T. Sakai, T. Tanaka LEBRA, Funabashi, Japan I. Sato Nihon University, Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities, Funabashi, Japan M. Satoh, M. Yoshida KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	KEK, Nihon University and TOYAMA CO., Ltd. have been developing the compact shieldless coherent X-ray source that can change the X-ray energy (3-25keV). This X-ray is the Parametric X-ray radiation (PXR) generated by relativistic charged particles passed through a single crystal. It has features that are monochromaticity, coherence and diffraction large angle for the incident beam. These indicate to the possibility for the application to the medical treatment and diagnosis. Furthermore, we try to reduce the radiation which is mainly generated when the high energy beam is damped. This system consists of an accelerating, a decelerating structure and four bending magnets (theta: 90 degree). These structures are operated under low temperature to get the high Q-value for long beam pulse. PXR is generated by colliding with a single crystal after electron beam is accelerated up to 75 MeV. The bunch passed through the crystal is transported into a decelerator structure and then is decelerated to 3 MeV there. Q-magnets are arranged that dispersion function is zero except arc sections. We calculated the beam transport, PXR intensity and emittance blow up. We'll report these details.
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TUPMA020	PEPPo: Using a Polarized Electron Beam to Produce Polarized Positrons	positron, electron, polarization, solenoid	1878
	A.H. Adeyemi, P.L. Gueye Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA P.A. Adderley, M.M. Ali, H. Areti, J. F. Benesch, L.S. Cardman, J. Clark, S. Covert, C. Cuevas, A. Freyberger, S. Golge, J.M. Grames, P.L. Gueye, J. Hansknecht, P.L. Harrell, C. Hyde, R. Kazimi, Y. Kim, D. Machie, K.L. Mahoney, R.R. Mammei, J.L. McCarter, M.D. McCaughan, M. Poelker, M.L. Stutzman, R. Suleiman, C.-Y. Tsai, D.L. Turner, Y.W. Wang JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA M.A. Baylac, E. Froidefond, M. Marton, J-F. Muraz, J-S. Real, E. J-M. Voutier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France P. Cole, D. Dale, T.A. Forest ISU, Pocatello, Idaho, USA O. Dadoun, A. Variola LAL, Orsay, France D. Dale, Y. Kim IAC, Pocatello, Idaho, USA EF. Fanchini INFN Genova, Genova, Italy S. Golge NCCU, , North Carolina, USA S. Golge, C. Hyde ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA J.L. McCarter UVa, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA C.-Y. Tsai Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA A. Variola IN2P3-CNRS, Orsay, France
	Polarized positron beams have been identified as either an essential or a significant ingredient for the experimental program of both the present and next generation of lepton accelerators (JLab, Super KEK B, ILC, CLIC). An experiment demonstrating a new method for producing polarized positrons has been performed at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility at Jefferson Lab. The PEPPo (Polarized Electrons for Polarized Positrons) concept relies on the production of polarized e⁻/e⁺ pairs from the bremsstrahlung radiation of a longitudinally polarized electron beam interacting within a high Z conversion target. PEPPo demonstrated the effective transfer of spin-polarization of an 8.2 MeV/c polarized (P~85%) electron beam to positrons produced in varying thickness tungsten production targets, and collected and measured in the range of 3.1 to 6.2 MeV/c. In comparison to other methods this technique reveals a new pathway for producing either high energy or thermal polarized positron beams using a relatively low polarized electron beam energy (~10MeV) .This presentation will describe the PEPPo concept, the motivations of the experiment and high positron polarization achieved.
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TUPMA036	First e-/Photon Commissioning Results for the GlueX Experiment/Hall D at CEBAF	photon, radiation, detector, acceleration	1916
	M.D. McCaughan, J. F. Benesch, Y. Roblin, T. Satogata JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. Experimental Hall D, with flagship experiment GlueX, was constructed as part of the 12 GeV CEBAF upgrade. A new magnetically extracted electron beam line was installed to support this hall. Bremsstrahlung photons from retractable radiators, are delivered to the experiment through a series of collimators following a long drift to allow for beam convergence. Coherent Bremsstrahlung generated by interaction with a diamond radiator will achieve a nominal 40% linear polarization and photon energies between 8.5 and 9 GeV from 12.1 GeV electrons, which are then tagged or diverted to a medium power 60kW electron dump. The expected photon flux is 107-10⁸ Hz. This paper discusses the experimental line design, commissioning experience gained since first beam in spring 2014, and the present results of beam commissioning by the experiment.
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TUPHA003	Sputter Growth of Alkali Antimonide Photocathodes: An in Operando Materials Analysis	cathode, emittance, gun, radiation	1965
	J. Smedley, K. Attenkofer, M. Gaowei, J. Sinsheimer, J. Walsh BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA H. Bhandari Radiation Monitoring Devices, Watertown, USA Z. Ding, E.M. Muller SBU, Stony Brook, New York, USA H.J. Frisch Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA H.A. Padmore, S.G. Schubert, J.J. Wong LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by U.S. DoE, under KC0407-ALSJNT-I0013 and SBIR grant # DE-SC0009540. NSLS was supported by DOE DE-AC02-98CH10886, CHESS is supported by NSF & NIH/NIGMS via NSF DMR-1332208 Alkali antimonide photocathodes are a strong contender for the cathode of choice for next-generation photon sources such as LCLS II or the XFEL. These materials have already found extensive use in photodetectors and image intensifiers. However, only recently have modern synchrotron techniques enabled a systematic study of the formation chemistry of these materials. Such analysis has led to the understanding that these materials are inherently rough when grown through traditional sequential deposition; this roughness has a detrimental impact on the intrinsic emittance of the emitted beam. Sputter deposition may provide a path to achieving a far smoother photocathode, while maintaining adequate quantum efficiency. We report on the creation and vacuum transport of a K2CsSb sputter target, and its use to create an ultra-smooth (sub nm roughness) cathode with a 2% quantum efficiency at 532 nm.
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TUPTY003	Study of the Dynamic Response of CLIC Accelerating Structures	alignment, operation, monitoring, positron	2000
	E. Daskalaki NTUA, Athens, Greece S. Döbert, M. Duquenne, H. Mainaud Durand, A.L. Vamvakas CERN, Geneva, Switzerland V. Rude ESGT-CNAM, Le Mans, France
	CLIC is a linear electron-positron collider, 48 km long, consisting of more than 20000 repetitive modules. The target beam size of 1 nm dictates very tight alignment tolerances for the accelerating structures (AS). In order to assess the effect of short-term RF power interruptions (breakdowns or failure modes) on the alignment, the dynamic behaviour of the AS was investigated on the prototype two-beam module. On a dedicated experimental setup, the thermal and mechanical time constant (TC) was monitored as a function of ambient temperature, water flow and power. The experimental results showed that the thermal TC ranged between 4 and 11 minutes and presented strong correlation with the cooling water flow. These results were in very good agreement with the theoretical expectations. The displacement dynamics were found to be comparable with the thermal ones. The study indicates that temperature measurement, which is a fast and easy process, can be used as an indicator of the AS displacement. Moreover, it is shown than the transient response can be efficiently controlled through appropriate regulation of the cooling water flow.
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TUPTY012	Orbit Correction in CEPC	quadrupole, dipole, closed-orbit, factory	2022
	S. Bai, J. Gao, H. Geng IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	With the discovery of the higgs boson at around 125GeV, a circular higgs factory design with high luminosity (L ~ 10³⁴ cm^-2s^-1) is becoming more popular in the accelerator world. The CEPC project in China is one of them. To reduce the cost, pretzel scheme was considered in CEPC orbit design. The presence of every kind of errors and misalignments will destroy the pretzel orbit. In this paper, we correct the distorted pretzel orbit in the CEPC main ring using the dipole correctors and beam position monitors. The pretzel orbit was recovered and the maximum corrector strengths are got.
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TUPTY015	Study on the transverse painting during the injection process for CSNS/RCS	injection, neutron, proton, linac	2025
	M.Y. Huang, L. Huang, N. Huang, J. Qiu, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11205185, 11175020, 11175193 ) For the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), a combination of the H⁻ stripping and phase space painting method is used to accumulate a high intensity beam in the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS). In this paper, firstly, the injection processes with different painting ranges and different painting methods were studied. With the codes ORBIT and MATLAB, the particle distribution and painting image were obtained. Then, the reasonable painting range which is suitable for the aperture size and magnet gap can be selected. Since the real field uniformity of BH3 and BV3 is not completely in conformity with the design requirement, the painting method and painting range also need to be selected to reduce the effects of bad field uniformity.
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TUPTY053	Roadmap towards High Accelerator Availability for the CERN HL-LHC Era	luminosity, radiation, operation, beam-losses	2143
	A. Apollonio, M. Brugger, L. Rossi, R. Schmidt, B. Todd, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	High Luminosity-LHC is the future upgrade of the LHC that aims at delivering an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb-1 over about 10 years of operation, starting from 2025. Significant modifications [1] will be implemented to accelerator systems, including new superconducting magnets, crab cavities, superconducting links, new collimators and absorbers based on advanced materials and design and additional cryo-plants. Due to the limit imposed by the number of simultaneous events at the experiments (pile-up) on peak luminosity, the latter will be levelled to 5*1034 cm^-2s⁻¹. The target integrated luminosity can only be achieved with a significant increase of the total available time for beam collisions compared to the 2012 LHC run, despite a beam current that is planned to double the nominal 0.58 A. Therefore one of the key figures of merit to take into account for system upgrades and new designs is their impact on the accelerator availability. In this paper the main factors affecting LHC availability will be discussed and predictions on the impact of future system upgrades on integrated luminosity presented. Requirements in terms of the maximum allowed number of dumps for the main contributing systems to LHC unavailability will be derived.
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TUPTY072	A New ILC Positron Source Target System Using Sliding Contact Cooling	vacuum, positron, radiation, undulator	2196
	W. Gai, D.S. Doran, R.A. Erck, G.R. Fenske, V.J. Guarino, W. Liu ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	The R&D of the baseline positron source target for ILC is still ongoing after TDR due to the uncertainty of rotating vacuum seal and water cooling system of the fast spinning target wheel. Different institutes around the globe have proposed different approaches to tackle this issue. A spinning target wheel system with sliding contact cooling has been proposed by ANL. The proposed system eliminated the needs of rotating vacuum seal by using magnet bearings and vacuum compatible motor driven solid spinning wheel target. The energy deposited from positron production process is taken away via sliding cooling pads sliding against the spinning wheel. Details about this new target system are presented in this paper.
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TUPWI001	Turnkey Systems Cost Optimization by Iterative Design of Magnets and Power Supplies	quadrupole, power-supply, magnet-design, optics	2239
	M. Cavellier, W. Beeckman, F. Forest, J.D. Holzmann Sigmaphi, Vannes, France
	For more than 30 years, Sigmaphi has been manufacturing magnets and power supplies. Its teams are now able to supply a complete particle beam line, from beam optics calculation to on-site installation and alignment. These combined skills allow design optimization for turnkey systems in order to reduce their purchasing and running costs. An example of successful iterative design is presented: a 70 meters beam line designed, manufactured and installed by Sigmaphi for JINR in Dubna, Russia. This design optimization allowed reducing total power consumption of the 14 quadrupoles by 7.5%.
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TUPWI009	Development of Un-destructive Inspection System for Large Concrete Infrastructure by using Accelerator Based Compact Neutron Source	neutron, detector, proton, photon	2262
	A. Taketani, H. Baba, T. Hashiguchi, G. Hu, Y. Ikeda, Q. Jia, H. Ota, Y. Otake, Y. Seki, S. Wang, Y. Yamagata, S. Yanagimachi RIKEN, Saitama, Japan K. Hirota Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan K. Kino Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan S. Tanaka KEK, Tsukuba, Japan
	Aged large concrete structure, such as highway, bridges and so on, need to be inspected in order to maintain with less cost by un-destructive method. We have been developing un-destructive inspection system by using fast neutron which can penetrate thick concrete. The system will be consisted of (1) Transportable Accelerator based Neutron Source, (2) Fast neutron imaging detector, and (3) Image processing for getting 3D image. RIKEN Accelerator based compact Neutron Source (RANS), which consists of 7MeV proton LINAC and target station, has been operating since 2013. RANS can generate thermal (~25meV) and fast (~2MeV) neutron. Fast neutron detector are developed with plastic scintillator and semiconductor photon sensors. It can see 10mm thick steel rod with 2mm accuracy through 300mm thick concrete.
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TUPWI014	Design of a Superconducting Gantry for Protons	dipole, quadrupole, proton, lattice	2268
	C. Bonțoiu, I. Martel, J. Sanchez-Segovia University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain R. Berjillos, J.P.B. Perez TTI, Santander, Spain
	The last decade brought much interest in proton therapy within the medical and accelerator communities. Using normal conducting technology, the high-energy beams required can be handled only with large and heavy magnets which causes prohibitive costs. While lattice design work on a superconducting gantry has been carried out for a decade there is yet no practical implementation. The University of Huelva in collaboration with the Andalusian Foundation for Health Research (FABIS) is currently involved in developing and assembling a prototype for a compact superconducting proton gantry. Magnet design and performance is described along with beam dynamics results for the main gantry arcs and for the final spot scanning system using realistic magnetic field maps thoroughly.
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TUPWI019	Neutron Shielding Optimization Studies	neutron, shielding, detector, proton	2282
	A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom J.R. Alonso, L.M. Bartoszek, J.M. Conrad MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA M. Shaevitz Columbia University, New York, USA
	The IsoDAR sterile-neutrino search calls for a high neutron flux from a 60 MeV proton beam striking a beryllium target, that flood a sleeve of highly-enriched ⁷Li, the beta-decay of the resulting ⁸Li giving the desired neutrinos for the very-short-baseline experiment. The target is placed very close to an existing large neutrino detector; all such existing or planned detectors are deep underground, in low-background environments. It is necessary to design a shielding enclosure to prevent neutrons from causing unacceptable activation of the environment. GEANT4 is being used to study neutron attenuation, and optimizing the layers of shielding material to minimize thickness. Materials being studied include iron and two new types of concrete developed by Jefferson Laboratory, one very light with shredded plastic aggregate, the other with high quantities of boron. Initial studies indicate that a total shielding thickness of 1.5 meters produces the required attenuation factor, further studies may allow decrease in thickness. Minimizing it will reduce the amount of cavity excavation needed to house the target system in confined underground spaces.
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TUPWI022	GEM*STAR Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System for Improved Safety, Waste Management, and Plutonium Disposition	neutron, proton, simulation, operation	2289
	R.P. Johnson, R.J. Abrams, M.A.C. Cummings, G. Flanagan, T.J. Roberts Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA C. Bowman ADNA, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA R.B. Vogelaar Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
	Operation of high-power SRF particle accelerators at two US national laboratories allows us to consider a less-expensive nuclear reactor that operates without the need for a critical core, fuel enrichment, or reprocessing. A multipurpose reactor design that takes advantage of this new accelerator capability includes an internal spallation neutron target and high-temperature molten-salt fuel with continuous purging of volatile radioactive fission products. The reactor contains less than a critical mass and almost a million times fewer volatile radioactive fission products than conventional reactors like those at Fukushima. We describe GEMSTAR , a reactor that without redesign will burn spent nuclear fuel, natural uranium, thorium, or surplus weapons material. A first application is to burn 34 tonnes of excess weapons grade plutonium as an important step in nuclear disarmament under the 2000 Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement *. The process heat generated by this W-Pu can be used for the Fischer-Tropsch conversion of natural gas and renewable carbon into 42 billion gallons of low-CO2-footprint, drop-in, synthetic diesel fuel for the DOD. Charles D. Bowman, R. Bruce Vogelaar, et al., Handbook of Nuclear Engineering, Springer Science+Business Media LLC (2010). ** http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2010/04/140097.htm
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TUPWI028	Varying Amplitude Raster Pattern for High Power Isotope Production Targets	isotope-production, flattop, experiment, proton	2298
	J.S. Kolski, J. Audia, H.T. Bach, Y.K. Batygin, J.T. Bradley III, M. Connors, J.W. Engle, E. Espinoza, E. Figueroa, M.J. Hall, M.P. Martinez, F.M. Nortier, D. Reass, W. Roybal, H.A. Watkins LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	The Isotope Production Facility (IPF) at LANSCE produces medical radionuclides strontium-82 and germanium-68 by bombarding rubidium chloride and gallium metal targets respectively with a 100 MeV proton beam, 230 uA average current. Rastering the proton beam is necessary to distribute beam power deposited as heat in the target and allow for higher average beam current for isotope production. We currently use a single circle raster pattern with constant amplitude and frequency. In this paper, we demonstrate two different varying amplitude raster patterns (concentric circle and spiral) to achieve uniform target coverage and expose more target volume to beam heating. In this proof-of-principle experiment, we compare beam spot uniformity measured by irradiating films and foils for both raster patterns.
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TUPWI047	Target and Orbit Feedback Simulations of a muSR Beamline at BNL	solenoid, proton, feedback, kicker	2353
	W. Fischer, M. Blaskiewicz, P.H. Pile BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA W.W. MacKay Weirich Consulting Services, Inc., Huntersville, North Carolina, USA
	Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE under contract No DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Well-polarized positive surface muons are a tool to measure the magnetic properties of materials since the precession rate of the spin can be determined from the observation of the positron directions when the muons decay. The use of the AGS complex at BNL has been explored for a muSR facility previously. Here we report simulations of a beamline with a target inside a solenoid, and of an orbit feedback system with single muon beam positioning monitors based on technology available today.
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WEPWA017	An Optimization of ILC Positron Source for Electron-Driven Scheme	positron, electron, beam-loading, linac	2529
	Y. Seimiya, M. Kuriki, M. Urano HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan S. Kashiwagi Tohoku University, School of Science, Sendai, Japan T. Okugi, T. Omori, M. Satoh, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki, Japan T. Takahashi Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Science, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
	International Linear Collider is a future accelerator to find new physics behind the electroweak symmetry breaking by precise measurements of Higgs sector, Top quark, and so on. ILC has capacities to reveal new phenomena beyond Standard model, such as Supersymmetry particles and dark matters. In current design of positron source, undulator scheme is adapted as a baseline. In the scheme, positrons are generated from gamma rays through pair-creation process in Ti-alloy target. Generations of the gamma rays by the undulator radiation requires more than 130 GeV electrons. Therefore, a system demonstration of the scheme is practically difficult prior to the real construction. Consequently, it is desirable to prepare a technical backup of this undulator scheme. We study an optimization of positron source based on the conventional electron-driven scheme for ILC. In this scheme, positron beam is generated by several GeV electron beam impinging on W-Re target. Although heavy heat load and destruction of the target is a potential problem, it can be relaxed by stretching the effective pulse length to 60 ms instead of 1 ms, by a dedicated electron linac for the positron production. In this report, a start-to-end simulation of the electron-driven ILC positron source is performed. Beam-loading effect caused by multi-bunch acceleration in the standing wave RF cavity is also considered.
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WEPWA019	Development of Accelerator-driven Compact Neutron Sources	neutron, proton, radiation, status	2535
	K. Hirota, G. Ichikawa, M. Kitaguchi, Y. Kiyanagi, H.M. Shimizu, K. Tsuchida, A. Uritani, K. Watanabe Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
	Neutron is a very good probe to investigate the inner structure of materials. The large neutron facilities like J-PARC MLF and SNS were constructed in this decade, and ESS facility are start to construct. These large facilities are very good tools to study in academic field. But the construction cost is increasing and it is hard to construct at many facilities. And also it is hard to get long beam time. One of the solution of these problems are constructing Compact Accelerator-driven Neutron Source (CANS). We will present the current situation of CANS and the status of the facility of Nagoya University.
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WEPWA021	A New DC Muon Beam Line at RCNP, Osaka University	solenoid, proton, quadrupole, positron	2537
	Y. Matsumoto, Y. Kohno, Y. Kuno, Y. Nakazawa, H. Sakamoto, A. Sato Osaka University, Osaka, Japan M. Fukuda, K. Hatanaka, Y. Kawashima, S. Morinobu, K. Takahisa, H. Ueda RCNP, Osaka, Japan M. Ieiri, M. Minakawa KEK, Tsukuba, Japan
	A new DC muon beam line has been constructed at RCNP, Osaka University. The MuSIC, which has the highest muon production efficiency using superconducting solenoidal magnets, has successfully demonstrated to provide a 2x10⁸ [mu+/sec/micro A]. In 2014, the solenoid solenoidal magnets of the MuSIC were extended by a new beam line with normal conducting magnets. The new beamline consists of beam slits, quadrupole magnets, bending magnets and a spin rotator. This new beamline is designed for muon experiments such as μSR experiments and muonic X-ray measurements. In order to study the performance of the beams provided by the beamline , a beam test will be performed in December 2014. In this paper, I will present about a detail design of MuSIC including the new beamline and result of the beam test.
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WEPWA023	Development of Muon LINAC for the Muon g-2/EDM Experiment at J-PARC	acceleration, rfq, cavity, experiment	2541
	M. Otani, Y. Fukao, T. Mibe, N. Saito, M. Yoshida KEK, Tsukuba, Japan Y. Iwashita Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan R. Kitamura University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Y. Kondo JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
	The muon anomalous magnetic moment (g-2) and electric dipole moment (EDM) are one of the effective paths to beyond Standard Model of elementary particle physics. The E34 experiment aims to measure g-2 with a precision of 0.1 ppm and search EDM with a sensitivity to 10-21 e*cm with high intensity proton driver at J-PARC and a newly developed novel technique of the ultra-cold muon beam. The ultra-cold muons, which are generated from surface muons by the thermal muonium production and laser ionization, are accelerated to 300 MeV/c by muon linear accelerator. The muon LINAC consists of RFQ and following three types of the RF cavities. The muon acceleration to this energy will be the first case in the world. This poster reports about status of the initial acceleration test with RFQ and the development of the RF cavities, especially for the middle beta section.
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WEPWA033	Characterization of Laser-plasma Accelerated Electron Beam for a Compact Storage Ring	laser, electron, plasma, storage-ring	2569
	S. H. Park, Y. Cha, Y.U. Jeong, J.S. Jo, H.N. Kim, K.N. Kim, K. Lee, W.J. Ryu, J.S. Shinn, N. Vinokurov KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea N. Vinokurov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	A compact radiation source can be utilized by an electron beam from a Laser-plasma acceleration combined with localized shielding in a small laboratory. The stability of synchrotron radiation in wavelength and power depends on the shot-to-shot jitters of the energy and charge of an electron beam, which is strongly influenced by the plasma density of target and the jitters of a laser beam. With the 30 TW fs laser in KAERI, the optimization for generating the electron beam have done using the different shape of gas nozzle. We also present the pointing stability and the energy spread of the laser-accelerated electron beams.
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WEPWA056	The Sinuous Target	radiation, proton, electron, lattice	2630
	R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	We report on the concept for a target material comprised of a multitude of interlaced wires of small dimension. This target material concept is primarily directed at high-power neutrino targets where the thermal shock is large due to small beam sizes and short durations; it also has applications to other high-power targets, particularly where the energy deposition is great or a high surface area is preferred. This approach ameliorates the problem of thermal shock by engineering a material with high strength on the microscale, but a very low modulus of elasticity on the mesoscale. The low modulus of elasticity is achieved by constructing the material of spring-like wire segments much smaller than the beam dimension. The intrinsic bends of the wires will allow them to absorb the strain of thermal shock with minimal stress. Furthermore, the interlaced nature of the wires provides containment of any segment that might become loose. We will discuss the progress on studies of analogue materials and fabrication techniques for sinuous target materials.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-WEPWA056
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WEPWA057	Design Concepts for Muon-Based Accelerators	collider, factory, simulation, proton	2633
	R.D. Ryne LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA Y.I. Alexahin, A.D. Bross, K. E. Gollwitzer, N.V. Mokhov, D.V. Neuffer, M.A. Palmer, K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA J.S. Berg, H.G. Kirk, R.B. Palmer, D. Stratakis BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA S.A. Bogacz JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA J.-P. Delahaye SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA T.J. Roberts Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA P. Snopok Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	Muon-based accelerators have the potential to enable facilities at both the Intensity and the Energy Frontiers. Muon storage rings can serve as high precision neutrino sources, and a muon collider is an ideal technology for a TeV or multi-TeV collider. Progress in muon accelerator designs has advanced steadily in recent years. In regard to 6D muon cooling, detailed and realistic designs now exist that provide more than 5 order-of-magnitude emittance reduction. Furthermore, detector performance studies indicate that with suitable pixelation and timing resolution, backgrounds in the collider detectors can be significantly reduced thus enabling high quality physics results. Thanks to these and other advances in design & simulation of muon systems, technology development, and systems demonstrations, muon storage-ring-based neutrino sources and a muon collider appear more feasible than ever before. A muon collider is now arguably among the most compelling approaches to a multi-TeV lepton collider. This paper summarizes the current status of design concepts for muon-based accelerators for neutrino factories and a muon collider.
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WEPJE010	Particle Production of a Graphite Target System for the Intensity Frontier	proton, emittance, factory, collider	2692
	X.P. Ding UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA H.G. Kirk BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
	A solid graphite target system is considered for an intense muon and/or neutrino source in support of physics at the intensity frontier. We previously optimized the geometric parameters of the beam and target to maximize particle production at low energies by incoming protons with kinetic energy of 6.75 GeV and an rms geometric emittance of 5 mm-mrad using the MARS15(2014) code. In this study, we ran MARS15 with ROOT-based geometry and also considered a mercury-jet target as an upgrade operation. The optimization was extended to focused proton beams with transverse emittances from 5 to 50 mm-mrad, showing that the particle production decreases slowly with increasing emittance. We also studied the beam dump configuration to suppress the rate of undesirable higher-energy secondary particles in the beam.
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WEPJE016	INTENSE MUON BEAMS FROM THE CSNS SPALLATION TARGET	solenoid, proton, neutron, experiment	2708
	Y. Bao, G.G. Hanson UCR, Riverside, California, USA
	Intense muon beams are useful for a wide range of physics experiments. Currently most of the muon beams are produced by protons hitting thin targets sitting upstream of spallation neutron targets. The intensity of the muons is greatly limited by the small thickness of the muon targets, which are intended to have minimum impact on the proton beams. When the majority of the proton beam hits the spallation target, a large number of pions/muons are produced. After being captured in a solenoidal magnetic field, a high intensity muon beam can be produced. In this paper we take the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) target as an example and investigate the production of high intensity muon beams. Two possibilities are presented in this paper: an upstream collection of surface muons and a downstream collection of pions which is followed by a decay and compress channel to obtain a high intensity muon beam. Simulations show both methods can reach high intensities which could significantly increase the statistics of many experiments.
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WEPJE026	Conceptual Design of a Quadrupole Magnet for eRHIC	quadrupole, permanent-magnet, simulation, electron	2729
	H. Witte, J.S. Berg BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. eRHIC is a proposed upgrade to the existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) hadron facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory, which would allow collisions of up to 21 GeV polarized electrons with a variety of species from the existing RHIC accelerator. eRHIC employs an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) and an FFAG lattice for the arcs. The arcs require open-midplane quadrupole magnets of up to 30 T/m gradient of good field quality. In this paper we explore initial quadrupole magnet design concepts based on permanent magnetic material which allow to modify the gradient during operation.
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WEPMA004	A 250 Hz AC Scan Magnet for High-Power Radioisotope Production and BNCT Applications	damping, power-supply, proton, insertion	2747
	M.P. Dehnel, J. Chu, C. Hollinger, A. Kilbourne-Quirk, D.E. Potkins, T.M. Stewart, S. Tranfo D-Pace, Nelson, British Columbia, Canada C. Philpott BSL, Auckland, New Zealand
	Funding: D-Pace acknowledges Canadian Government funding through SRED-CRA & NSERC-USRA, and through regional funding provided by KAST. This paper describes the proto-type magnet measurement results for a compact (212 mm, effective length) yet large gap (97 mm) ambient air-cooled laminated AC scan magnet. A large aperture is essential for machine safety in radioisotope production, and Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) applications with steady-state beam power up to 50 kW . Rose shim and Purcell filter techniques are examined for improved transverse field flatness. The measured magnetic field and frequency response curves through a range from (250 Gauss, 70 Hertz) to (25 Gauss, 250 Hertz) are given for the case of an air-gap, SS316 beampipe, and SS316 bellows. Measured transverse and longitudinal magnetic field curves are also given. A model of the frequency response of the magnet was created and validated. The model simplifies power supply selection and maps the effects of system natural frequency on the magnetic field. Tests were conducted with and without a capacitor in parallel with the magnet coils. Lastly, algorithms for flat-topped square, and circular scanned beam intensity distributions are given. M.P. Dehnel et al, "A Specialized High-Power (50 kW) Proton Beamline for BNCT", Proc. of NA-PAC13, pp.116-118, Pasadena, CA, USA, Oct 2013.
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WEPMA007	Experimental Study of Multipactor Suppression in Dielectric Materials	multipactoring, electron, vacuum, Windows	2753
	M. El Khaldi, W. Kaabi LAL, Orsay, France
	A novel coaxial resonator to investigate two-surface multipactor discharges on metal and dielectric surfaces in the gap region under vacuum conditions (~10^-8 mbar) has been designed and tested. The resonator is ~ 100 mm in length with an outer diameter of ~ 60 mm (internal dimensions). A pulsed RF source delivers up to 30 W average power over a wide frequency range 650-900 MHz to the RF resonator. The incident and reflected RF signals are monitored by calibrated RF diodes. An electron probe provides temporal measurements of the multipacting electron current with respect to the RF pulses. In this paper we compare and contrast the results from the RF power tests of the alumina (97.6% Al2O3) and quartz samples without a coating, “the non-coated samples” and the Alumina and quartz samples with a thick TiN coating in order to evaluate a home made sputtered titanium nitride (TiN) thin layers as a Multipactor suppressor. The effectiveness of this method is presented and discussed in the paper.
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WEPMA033	Utilizing Gas Filled Cavities for the Generation of an Intense Muon Source	proton, cyclotron, cavity, emittance	2829
	D. Stratakis BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This manuscript has been authored by employees of Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. A key requirement for designing intense muon sources is operating rf cavities in multi-tesla magnetic fields. Recently, a proof-of-principle experiment demonstrated that an rf cavity filed with high pressure hydrogen gas could meet this goal. In this study, rigorous simulation is used to design and evaluate the performance of an intense muon source with gas filled cavities. We present a new lattice design and compare our results with conventional schemes. We detail the influence of gas pressure on the muon production rate.
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WEPMA046	Studies on Innovative Production methods of HOM Coupler for SRF 9-cell Cavity	HOM, cavity, SRF, controls	2869
	K. Nohara, N. Kawabata, K. Miyajima, M. Shinohara SPS, Funabashi-shi, Japan H. Hayano, S. Kato, T. Saeki, A. Yamamoto, M. Yamanaka KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Pure Nb as the material of SRF cavity bears hard workability in general. This is why both the inner and outer conductors of HOM coupler for 9-cell cavity have been conventionally produced by full machining, backward extrusion accompanied with annealing and so on. However, in the mass production of 9-cell cavities in ILC, further cost reduction is required. We produced both the inner and outer conductors of HOM coupler for 9-cell cavity in the advanced press forming methods aiming at cost reduction. Press forming of a pure Nb sheet for the outer conductor of HOM coupler was performed with fewer processes free from intermediate annealing and primary machining. For the inner conductor of HOM coupler, water jet cutting and press cold-forging of a plate was performed. The above advanced press forming methods showed favored results, leading to a possibility of simple mass-production of components and cost reduction. The vertical test on a 9-cell cavity with the press formed HOM couplers achieved 36 MV/m that is beyond ILC qualification. The R＆D works are ongoing for further improvement.
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WEPMA057	Development of HTS magnets	dipole, neutron, cyclotron, ion	2905
	K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, K. Kamakura, T. Saito, H. Ueda, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita RCNP, Osaka, Japan
	We have been developing magnets utilizing high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wires for this decade. We built three model magnets, a mirror coil for an ECR ion source, a set of coils for a scanning magnet and a super-ferric dipole magnet to generate magnetic field of 3 T. They were excited with AC/pulse currents as well as DC currents. Recently we fabricated a cylindrical magnet for a practical use which polarizes ultracold neutrons (UCN). It consists of 10 double pancakes and the field strength at the center is higher than 3.5 T which is required to fully polarize 210 neV neutrons. It was successfully cooled and excited. The magnet was used to polarized UCN generated by the RCNP-KEK superthermal UCN source, One dipole magnet has been manufactured which is used as a switching magnet after the RCNP ring cyclotron and is excited by pulse currents. It becomes possible to deliver beams to two experimental halls by time sharing. Their designs and performances are presented in the talk.
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WEPMN008	Material Test of Proton Beam Window for CSNS	experiment, proton, neutron, operation	2927
	H.J. Wang, L. Kang, H. Qu, L. Wu, D.H. Zhu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The proton beam window (PBW) is one of the key devices of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). Material selection is of particular importance. A5083-O was selected in the previous work, and recently the material tests were done. The tests showed the material has good microstructure, physical and mechanical performance. Creep lifetime was analyzed based on the creep test. All the experiment showed the selected material is qualified.
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WEPMN009	Design and Thermal Analysis of ADS Beam Stop	vacuum, linac, rfq, interface	2931
	M.X. Li, J.L. Wang, L. Wu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	ADS beam stop is an important device which required for the commissioning and accelerator tests of Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System (ADS), it is used to stop the beam which power is about 100kW and consume energy of the beam. This paper will present a triangular prism structure of the ADS beam stop, its mechanical design is described in detail, and there are numerous grooves and ribs in the cooling plates which is the core component of the beam stop. The thermal analysis is performed and its result proves that the triangular prism structure meet the design requirement. Key words：Beam stop, ADS, thermal analysis, triangular prism structure.
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WEPMN022	Optimization Design of Ti Cathode in Ceramic Pipe Film Coating Based on the Simulation Result of CST	electron, vacuum, cathode, simulation	2973
	J. Wang, L. Fan, Y.Z. Hong, X.T. Pei, Y. Wang, W. Wei, Y.H. Xu, B. Zhang USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
	The injection chamber at Hefei Light Source II (HLS II) consists of four ceramic vacuum chambers whose inner surface were coated with TiN thin film. The cross section of ceramic pipes is special racetrack structure. In order to improve the uniformity of the film, the structure of the cathode Ti plate needed to be optimized. In this article, CST PARTICLE STUDIOTM software had been used to simulate the influence of different target structure on discharge electric field distribution and electrons trajectories. Furthermore, the reliability of the simulation were analysed compared with the experimental results. Also, we put forward the optimization design of Ti cathode structure which could satisfy the requirement of uniformity of the thin film.
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WEPMN055	RAMI Optimization-Oriented Design For The LIPAc RF Power System	controls, rf-amplifier, factory, diagnostics	3048
	M. Weber, J.M. Arroyo, A. Ibarra, I. Kirpitchev, J. Mollá, P. Méndez, D. Regidor, C. de la Morena CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
	Funding: This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. The Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) is currently under construction in Rokkasho (Japan). LIPAc will generate a CW 9 MeV deuteron beam at 125 mA. It will serve to validate the final IFMIF accelerator concept and technologies. The RF power system is being integrated by CIEMAT (Spain) in collaboration with its partner companies and European institutes. LIPAc RF Power System design has been performed aiming high reliability, high availability and easy maintainability to address one of the most important requirements for IFMIF. The target of LIPAc tests is to validate the technologies and designs for the final phase of IFMIF. Several improvements in reliability, availability and maintainability have been implemented in the LIPAc RF power System. These improvements are based on both, new technologies and new maintenance philosophy. The results of their first tests are shown in this paper. Additional potential improvements are also analyzed.
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WEPMN072	Status and Planned Experiments of the Hiradmat Pulsed Beam Material Test Facility at CERN SPS	experiment, proton, electronics, operation	3093
	A. Fabich, N. Charitonidis, I. Efthymiopoulos, M. Meddahi CERN, Geneva, Switzerland E. Gianfelice-Wendt Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: EuCARD-2 is co-funded by the partners and the European Commission under Capacities 7th Framework Programme, Grant Agreement 312453. HiRadMat (High Irradiation to Materials) is a facility at CERN designed to provide high-intensity pulsed beams to an irradiation area where material samples as well as accelerator component assemblies (e.g. vacuum windows, shock tests on high power targets, collimators) can be tested. The beam parameters (SPS 440 GeV protons with a pulse energy of up to 3.4 MJ, or alternatively lead/argon ions at the proton equivalent energy) can be tuned to match the needs of each experiment. It is a test area designed to perform single pulse experiments to evaluate the effect of high-intensity pulsed beams on materials in a dedicated environment, excluding long-time irradiation studies. The facility is designed for a maximum number of 10¹⁶ protons per year, in order to limit the activation of the irradiated samples to acceptable levels for human intervention. This paper will demonstrate the possibilities for research using this facility and go through examples of upcoming experiments scheduled in the beam period 2015/2016.
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WEPHA009	Propagation of Radioactive Contaminants Along the Isolde Beamline	vacuum, ion, simulation, proton	3115
	R. Kersevan, M. Ady, A. Dorsival, A. Gottberg, M. Maietta, G. Vandoni CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The vacuum system of RIB facilities is entirely hermetical, with storage of effluents and controlled release to atmosphere after a decay time. In Isolde, distributed primary pumping is sectorized in three parts, but all effluents are conveyed together in a unique tank. Thus, highly contaminated gas from the target and front end may be mixed with less contaminated gas from the beam transfer lines. This study aims at analysing and quantifying the distribution and propagation of neutral rare gas radioactive isotopes along the Isolde beam-line by numerical simulation (steady-state and time resolved Test-Particle Monte-Carlo, Molflow+) and experimental means. The time-resolved Monte-Carlo integrates decay time for the propagating species. To measure the distribution of contaminants, sampling filters are installed at the exhaust of the vacuum turbo-molecular pumps. Comparison between simulation and experiment shows excellent agreement, confirming the pertinence of the Monte-Carlo tool to radioactive species propagation. The filtering effect of magnetic sectors, the RFQ Cooler, and Buncher on the propagating neutral isotopes are quantified.
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WEPHA020	Titanium Coating of Ceramics for Accelerator Applications	vacuum, cathode, Windows, electron	3148
	W. Vollenberg, P. Costa Pinto, B. Holliger, A. Sapountzis, M. Taborelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Titanium thin films can be deposited on ceramics, in particular alumina, without adherence problems. Even after air exposure their secondary electron yield is low compared to alumina and can be further reduced by conditioning or beam scrubbing. In addition, depending on the film thickness, titanium provides different surface resistances that fulfil requirements of ceramics in particle accelerators. Titanium thin films (MOhm square range) are used to suppress electron multipacting and evacuate charges from ceramic surfaces. Thicker films (5-25 Ω square range) are applied to lower the surface resistance so that the beam impedance is reduced. In this contribution, we present the results of a development aimed at coating 2-meter long alumina vacuum chambers with a uniform surface resistivity by a dedicated DC magnetron sputtering configuration.
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WEPHA034	Commissioning of the De-ionized Water System for Taiwan Photon Source	booster, controls, photon, storage-ring	3188
	W.S. Chan, J.-C. Chang, Y.C. Chang, C.S. Chen, Y.-C. Chung, C.W. Hsu, C.Y. Liu, Z.-D. Tsai NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	The de-ionized water (DIW) system plays a critical role in removing waste heat from an accelerator machine. Through years of design and constructs, the DIW system for Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) was complete at the end of 2013, but it is important to confirm that the quantity and quality of DIW comply with the requirements of the accelerator machine. Testing, adjustment and balancing methods have been applied to verify that the DIW system for TPS can provide flow rates greater than 1659, 380, 1284 and 1238 GPM in the individual Cu, Al, RF and booster subsystems. The proposed system can supply DIW of quality such that the resistivity is greater than 10 MΩ-cm at 25±0.1 oC; the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) is less than 10 ppb.
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WEPHA060	5MW Power Upgrade Studies of the ISIS TS1 Target	neutron, proton, scattering, simulation	3253
	C. Bungau, A. Bungau, R. Cywinski, T.R. Edgecock University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom C.N. Booth, L. Zang Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
	The increasing demand for neutron production at the ISIS neutron spallation source has motivated a study of an upgrade of the production target TS1. This study focuses on a 5 MW power upgrade and complete redesign of the ISIS TS1 spallation target, reflector and neutron moderators. The optimisation of the target-moderator arrangement was done in order to obtain the maximum neutron output per unit input power. In addition, at each step of this optimisation study, the heat load and thermal stresses were calculated to ensure the target can sustain the increase in the beam power.
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WEPTY015	Examination of Beryllium under Intense High Energy Proton Beam at CERN's HiRadMat Facility	experiment, proton, Windows, instrumentation	3289
	K. Ammigan, B.D. Hartsell, P. Hurh, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA A.R. Atherton STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom M. Butcher, M. Calviani, M. Guinchard, R. Losito CERN, Geneva, Switzerland O. Caretta, T.R. Davenne, C.J. Densham, M.D. Fitton, P. Loveridge, J. O'Dell STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom V.I. Kuksenko, S.G. Roberts University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Beryllium is extensively used in various accelerator beam lines and target facilities as material for beam windows, and to a lesser extent, as secondary particle production targets. With increasing beam intensities of future accelerator facilities, it is critical to understand the response of beryllium under extreme conditions to avoid compromising particle production efficiency by limiting beam parameters. As a result, the planned experiment at CERN’s HiRadMat facility will take advantage of the test facility’s tunable high intensity proton beam to probe and investigate the damage mechanisms of several grades of beryllium. The test matrix will consist of multiple arrays of thin discs of varying thicknesses as well as cylinders, each exposed to increasing beam intensities. Online instrumentations will acquire real time temperature, strain, and vibration data of the cylinders, while Post-Irradiation-Examination (PIE) of the discs will exploit advanced microstructural characterization and imaging techniques to analyze grain structures, crack morphology and surface evolution. Details on the experimental design, online measurements and planned PIE efforts are described in this paper.
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WEPTY023	LBNF 1.2 MW Target: Conceptual Design & Fabrication	operation, vacuum, alignment, monitoring	3315
	C.F. Crowley, K. Ammigan, K. Anderson, B.D. Hartsell, P. Hurh, J. Hylen, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Fermilab’s Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will utilize a modified design based on the NuMI low energy target that is reconfigured to accommodate beam operation at 1.2 MW. Achieving this power with a graphite target material and ancillary systems originally rated for 400 kW requires several design changes and R&D efforts related to material bonding and electrical isolation. Target cooling, structural design, and fabrication techniques must address higher stresses and heat loads that will be present during 1.2 MW operation, as the assembly will be subject to cyclic loads and thermal expansion. Mitigations must be balanced against compromises in neutrino yield. Beam monitoring and subsystem instrumentation will be updated and added to ensure confidence in target positioning and monitoring. Remote connection to the target hall support structure must provide for the eventual upgrade to a 2.4 MW target design, without producing excessive radioactive waste or unreasonable exposure to technicians during reconfiguration. Current designs and assembly layouts will be presented, in addition to current findings on processes and possibilities for prototype and final assembly fabrication.
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WEPTY025	LBNF Hadron Absorber: Mechanical Design and Analysis for 2.4MW Operation	operation, hadron, shielding, gun	3318
	B.D. Hartsell, K. Anderson, J. Hylen, V.I. Sidorov, S. Tariq Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Fermilab’s Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) requires an absorber, essentially a large beam dump consisting of actively cooled aluminum and steel blocks, at the end of the decay pipe to stop leftover beam particles and provide radiation protection to people and groundwater. At LBNF’s final beam power of 2.4 MW and assuming the worst case condition of a 204 m long helium filled decay pipe, the absorber is required to handle a heat load of about 750 kW. This results in significant thermal management challenges which have been mitigated by the addition of an aluminum ‘spoiler’ and ‘sculpting’ the central portion of the aluminum core blocks. These thermal effects induce structural stresses which can lead to fatigue and creep considerations. Various accident conditions are considered and safety systems are planned to monitor operation and any accident pulses. Results from these thermal and structural analyses will be presented as well as the mechanical design of the absorber. The design allows each of the core blocks to be remotely removed and replaced if necessary. A shielded remote handling structure is incorporated to hold the hadron monitor when it is removed from the beam.
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WEPTY060	Virtual Welding as a Tool for Superconducting Cavity Coarse Tuning	cavity, electron, proton, operation	3412
	A. Facco, C. Compton, J. Popielarski, G.J. Velianoff FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 Reaching the final frequency in the construction of Superconducting Half-Wave Resonators (HWR), either coaxial or spoke, is often a painful and time consuming process which requires several intermediate frequency tests and parts machining between subsequent welding steps. In spite of that, the final frequency error after final welding is often far from the target due to difficult to predict material contraction and cavity deformation induced by electron beam welding (EBW). Final coarse tuning is required by plastic deformation or differential etching. In coaxial HWR, both can decrease the cavity frequency but are not easily suitable to increase it. A novel method developed at MSU is “virtual” welding, i.e. deformation of the cavity shape by applying systematically EBW on the cavity outer surface to induce controlled Nb material contraction in strategic positions. This technique allows to increase the cavity frequency with excellent precision and predictability, thus simplifying and making less expensive and more reliable HWR coarse tuning. Method and experimental results will be described and discussed.
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WEPTY064	Thermal-mechanical Analysis of the FRIB Nuclear Fragment Separator Dipole Magnet	radiation, dipole, quadrupole, cryogenics	3425
	S.A. Kahn, A. Dudas, G. Flanagan Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA R.C. Gupta BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant DE-SC-0006273 Dipole magnets in the fragment separator region of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) are critical elements used to select the desired isotopes. These magnets are subjected to high radiation and heat loads. High temperature superconductors (HTS), which have been shown to be radiation resistant and can operate at 40 K where heat removal is substantially more efficient than 4.5 K where conventional superconductors such as NbTi and Nb3Sn operate, are proposed for the coils. The magnet coils carry large current and will be subjected to large Lorentz forces that must be constrained to avoid distortions of the coils. It is desirable to minimize the use of organic materials in the fabrication of this magnet because of the radiation environment. This paper will describe an approach to support the coils to minimize coil deformation and cryogenic heat loss.
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WEPWI029	Cavity Design, Fabrication and Test Performance of 750 MHz, 4-Rod Separators for CEBAF 4-Hall Beam Delivery System	cavity, simulation, coupling, hardware	3548
	H. Wang, G. Cheng, L. Turlington, M.J. Wissmann JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. A short version of the original CEBAF normal conducting 4-rod separator cavity has been developed into a 750MHz one * since the concept of simultaneous 4-hall operation for CEBAF is introduced *. This work has been advanced further based on the EM design optimization, bench measurement and by conducting RF-thermal coupled simulation using CST and ANSYS to confirm the cavity tuning and thermal performance. The cavity fabrication used matured technology like copper plating and machining. The cavity flanges, couplers, tuners and cooling channels adopted consistent/compatible hardware with the existing 500MHz cavities. The electromagnetic and thermal design simulations have greatly reduced the prototyping and bench tuning time of the first prototype. Four production cavities have reached a typical 1.94MV kick voltage or 3.0kW wall loss on each cavity after a minor multipactoring or no processing, 7.5% overhead power than the design specification. R. Kazimi et al., IPAC2013, Shanghai, China, pp 2896-2898. ** R. Kazimi, IPAC2013, Shanghai, China, pp 3502-3504.
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THPF008	U²⁸⁺ Intensity Record Applying a H2-Gas Stripper Cell	operation, ion, heavy-ion, acceleration	3693
	W.A. Barth, A. Adonin, Ch.E. Düllmann, M. Heilmann, R. Hollinger, E. Jäger, J. Khuyagbaatar, J. Krier, H. Vormann, A. Yakushev GSI, Darmstadt, Germany P. Scharrer HIM, Mainz, Germany
	Meeting the FAIR science requirements higher beam intensity has to be achieved in the present GSI-accelerator complex. An advanced upgrade program for the UNILAC aimed to meet the FAIR requirements. Stripping is a key technology for all heavy ion accelerators. For this an extensive research and development program was carried out to optimize for high brilliance heavy ion operation. After upgrade of the supersonic N2-gas jet, implementation of high current foil stripping and preliminary investigation of H2 gas jet operation, recently a newly developed H2 gas cell uses a pulsed gas regime synchronized with arrival of the beam pulse. An obviously enhanced stripper gas density as well as a simultaneously reduced gas load for the pumping system result in an increased stripping efficiency, while the beam emittance remains the same. A new record intensity (7.8 emA) for U²⁸⁺ beams at 1.4 MeV/u has been achieved applying the pulsed high density H2 stripper target, while the MeVVa ion source with a newly developed extraction system delivered a high intensity U⁴⁺ beam. The experimental results will be presented in detail.
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THPF010	Simulation and Experimental Investigation of Heavy Ion Induced Desorption from Cryogenic Targets	cryogenics, simulation, ion, experiment	3699
	Ch. Maurer, D.H.H. Hoffmann TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany L.H.J. Bozyk, H. Kollmus, Ch. Maurer, P.J. Spiller GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung FKZ 06DA7031 Heavy-ion impact induced gas desorption is the key process that drives beam intensity limiting dynamic vacuum losses. Minimizing this effect, by providing low desorption yield surfaces, is an important issue for maintaining a stable ultra high vacuum during operation with medium charge state heavy ions. For room temperature targets, investigation shows a scaling of the desorption yield with the beam's near-surface electronic energy loss, i.e. a decrease with increasing energy,. An optimized material for a room temperature ion-catcher has been found. But for the planned superconducting heavy-ion synchrotron SIS100 at the FAIR accelerator complex, the ion catcher system has to work in a cryogenic environment. Desorption measurements with the prototype cryocatcher for SIS100 showed an unexpected energy scaling*, which needs to be explained. Understanding this scaling might lead to a better suited choice of material, resulting in a lower desorption yield. Here, new experimental results will be presented along with insights gained from gas dynamics simulations. H. Kollmus et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 773, 207 (2005)) E. Mahner et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14, 050102 (2011) * L.H.J. Bozyk, H. Kollmus, P.J. Spiller, Proc. of IPAC 2012, p. 3239
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THPF018	Simulation Studies of Plasma-based Charge Strippers	plasma, electron, ion, heavy-ion	3721
	O.S. Haas TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	Calculations on the charge state distributions in different charge stripping media are presented. The main focus of this work is the width and peak efficiency of the final charge state distribution. For equal number densities fully-stripped plasma stripping media achieve much higher charge states than gas stripping media of the same nuclear charge. This is due to the reduced electron capture rates of free target electrons compared to bound target electrons. Furthermore, targets with low nuclear charge like hydrogen achieve higher charge states than targets with high nuclear charge like nitrogen in the case of both a plasma and a gas target. Equal final mean charge states can thus be achieved with lower density for plasmas and targets with low nuclear charge. The widths of the charge state distributions are very similar, slightly smaller for plasmas due to the different scaling of the dielectronic recombination rate. In comparison with calculations and measurements published in literature this work underestimates the width of targets with higher nuclear charge like, e.g., nitrogen gas. This is mainly due to the omission of multiple loss processes in the presented calculations. In the future we intend to expand the methods and models used in this work to improve the agreement with different measurements on charge state distributions in plasmas and gases.
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THPF030	Antiproton Acceleration and Deceleration in the HESR	antiproton, lattice, acceleration, dipole	3758
	B. Lorentz, T. Katayama, A. Lehrach, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, R. Stassen, H. Stockhorst, R. Tölle FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	The High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) is a part of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The ring is used for hadron physics experiments with a pellet target and the PANDA detector, and will supply antiprotons of momenta from 1.5 GeV/c to 15 GeV/c. To cover the whole energy range a flexible adjustment of transition energy and the corresponding gamma-t value is foreseen. For Injection and Accumulation of Antiprotons delivered from the CR at a momentum of 3.8 GeV/c (gamma=4.2), the HESR optics will be tuned to gamma-t=6.2. For deceleration down to a momentum of 1.5 GeV/c this optic is suitable as well. Stochastic cooling at an intermediate energy is required to avoid beam losses caused by adiabatic growth of the beam during deceleration. For acceleration to 8 GeV/c (gamma=8.6) the optics will be changed after accumulation of the antiproton beam to gamma-t=14.6. For momenta higher than 8 GeV/c the beam will be debunched at 8 GeV/c, optics will be changed to gamma-t=6.2, and after adiabatic rebunching the beam will be accelerated to 15 GeV/c (gamma=16). Simulations show the feasibility of the described procedures with practically no beam losses.
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THPF038	RIB Transport and Selection for the SPES Project	rfq, emittance, simulation, ion	3782
	M. Comunian, L. Bellan, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy A.D. Russo INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	The SPES project, at Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL) in Italy, is a RIB ISOL facility for the production and acceleration of “neutron-rich” radioactive ion beams. The beam dynamics of the re-accelerator part is presented with the focus on the preselection and transfer to the charge breeder device and from this device to the CW RFQ used as injector to the LNL linac ALPI.
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THPF070	Prototyping Progress of SSR1 Single Spoke Resonator for RAON	cavity, simulation, vacuum, ion	3842
	H.J. Cha, H. Kim, H.J. Kim, W.K. Kim, G.-T. Park IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	The fabrication of prototypes for four different types of superconducting cavities (QWR, HWR, SSR1, and SSR2) for the Korean heavy ion accelerator, “RAON” is in progress. In this presentation, we report the current status of the SSR1 cavity (β=0.3 and f=325 MHz) prototype fabrication based on the technical designs. The simulation results on the target frequency determination for the clamp-up test of the prototype are also given.
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THPF072	Beam Optics of RISP Linac using Dynac Code	linac, simulation, rfq, cavity	3845
	J.-H. Jang, I.S. Hong, H. Jang, D. Jeon, H. Jin, H.J. Kim IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the Rare Isotope Science Project of Institute for Basic Science funded by Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning. The RISP (Rare Isotope Science Project) is developing a superconducting linac which accelerates uranium beams up to 200MeV/u with the beam power of 400kW. The linac consists of an injector which includes an ECR ion source and an RFQ, and superconducting cavities which include QWR (Quarter Wave Resonator), HWR (Half Wave Resonator), and SSR (Single Spoke Resonator). Up to HWR, two charge state beams will be accelerated to achieve the required beam current and then five charge state beams will be used to obtain the higher acceleration efficiency. In this work, we performed the beam optics calculation by using a beam dynamics code DYNAC in order to study a possibility of the code as an online model. We compared the results with the calculation in the baseline design by TRACK code.
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THPF080	Status of the ESS Accelerator Construction Project	klystron, linac, proton, beam-transport	3870
	M. Lindroos, H. Danared, R. Garoby, D.P. McGinnis, E. Tanke ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European spallation source is now under construction just outside in Lund in Sweden. The driver is a 5 MW linac operating at a duty factor of 4% and at 2 GeV. The detailed design of the buildings is just being completed, and the casting of the accelerator tunnel has started. The accelerator design is getting mature with the major parts under prototyping. A challenging aspect of the project is the large percentage of in-kind contributions. For the accelerator this is now reaching 47% percent in pre commitments by institutes and universities in the ESS member states. We will in this paper give an overview of the ESS accelerator design, the status of prototyping and the organization of the in-kind accelerator construction project.
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THPF081	On the Suitability of a Solenoid Horn for the ESS Neutrino Superbeam	solenoid, focusing, linac, detector	3873
	M. Olvegård, T.J.C. Ekelöf, R.J.M.Y. Ruber, V.G. Ziemann Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden J.-P. Koutchouk CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The European Spallation Source (ESS), now under construction in Lund, Sweden, offers unique opportunities for experimental physics, not only in neutron science but potentially in particle physics. The ESS neutrino superbeam project plans to use a 5 MW proton beam from the ESS linac to generate a high intensity neutrino superbeam, with the final goal of detecting leptonic CP-violation in an underground megaton Cherenkov water detector. The neutrino production requires a second target station and a complex focusing system for the pions emerging from the target. The normal-conducting magnetic horns that are normally used for these applications cannot accept the 2.86 ms long proton pulses of the ESS linac, which means that pulse shortening in an accumulator ring would be required. That, in turn, requires H⁻ operation in the linac to accommodate the high intensity. As an attractive alternative, we investigate the possibility of using superconducting solenoids for the pion focusing. This solenoid horn system needs to also separate positive and negative pion charge as completely as possible, in order to generate separately neutrino and anti-neutrino beams. We present here progress in the study of such a solenoid horn.
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THPF092	European Spallation Source Lattice Design Status	linac, lattice, DTL, quadrupole	3911
	Y.I. Levinsen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland H. Danared, R. De Prisco, M. Eshraqi, R. Miyamoto, M. Muñoz, A. Ponton, E. Sargsyan ESS, Lund, Sweden S.P. Møller, H.D. Thomsen ISA, Aarhus, Denmark
	The European Spallation Source will offer an unprecedented beam power for spallation sources of 5 MW. The accelerator will deliver a proton beam of 62.5 mA peak current and 2.0 GeV onto the spallation target. Since the technical design report (TDR) was published in 2013, work has continued to further optimize the accelerator design. We report on the advancements in lattice design optimizations after the TDR to improve performance and flexibility, and reduce cost of the ESS accelerator.
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THPF100	Status of the ESSnuSB Accumulator	linac, injection, lattice, proton	3942
	E.H.M. Wildner, B.J. Holzer, M. Martini, Y. Papaphilippou, H.O. Schönauer CERN, Geneva, Switzerland T.J.C. Ekelöf, M. Olvegård, R.J.M.Y. Ruber Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden M. Eshraqi ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a research center based on the world's most powerful neutron source currently under construction in Lund, Sweden. 2.0 GeV, 2.86 ms long proton pulses at 14 Hz are produced for the spallation facility (5MW on target). The possibility to pulse the linac at higher frequency to deliver, in parallel with the spallation neutron production, a very intense, cost effective, high performance neutrino beam. Short pulses on the target require an accumulator ring. The optimization of the accumulator lattice to store these high intensity beams from the linac (1.1x10¹⁵ protons per pulse) has to take into account the space available on the ESS site, transport of H⁻ beams (charge exchange injection), radiation and shielding needs. Space must be available in the ring for collimation and an RF system for the extraction gap and loss control. We present the status of the accumulator for ESS neutrino facility.
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THPF102	Verification of the Neutron Mirror Capabilities in MCNPX via Gold Foil Measurements at the EIGER Instrument Beamline at the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ)	neutron, simulation, proton, scattering	3949
	R.M. Bergmann, U. Filges, S.H. Forss, E. Rantsiou, D. Reggiani, T. Reiss, U. Stuhr, V. Talanov, M. Wohlmuther PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The EIGER triple-axis thermal neutron spectrometer beamline contains “supermirror” neutron guides, which preferentially reflect low-energy neutrons toward the EIGER spectrometer that come from the ambient temperature, light water neutron source in SINQ. Gold foil measurements have been performed at the EIGER beamline in 2013. This process can be modeled from incident proton to thermal neutron exiting the EIGER beamline by using the neutron mirror capabilities of MCNPX, which should be more accurate than simulations with simplified neutron source distributions and geometry representations. The supermirror reflectivity parameters have been measured previously and are used in MCNPX 2.7.0 to reproduce the activity measured from the gold foil irradiation, verifying the neutron mirror modeling capabilities in MCNPX 2.7.0.
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THPF119	Transfer Line Design for PIP-II Project	linac, booster, injection, quadrupole	3989
	A. Vivoli, J. Hunt, D.E. Johnson, V.A. Lebedev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The recent U.S. Particle Physics Community P5 report encouraged the realization of the Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) project to support future neutrino programs in the United States. PIP-II includes the construction of a new 800 MeV H⁻ Superconducting (SC) Linac at Fermilab and an upgrade of its current accelerator complex mostly focused on upgrades of the Booster and Main Injector synchrotrons. The SC Linac will initially operate in pulsed mode at 20 Hz. The design should be compatible with upgrades to CW mode and higher energy. A new transport line will connect the Linac to the Booster. This line has to provide adequate collimation and be instrumented for beam parameter measurements. In addition, to support beam based Linac energy stabilization, the line should provide a mechanism to redirect the beam from the dump to the Booster within one pulse. In this paper we present the design of the transport line developed to meet the above requirements. Tracking simulations results are reported to confirm the validity of the design.
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THPF120	Design of the LBNF Beamline	proton, shielding, operation, experiment	3992
	V. Papadimitriou, R. Andrews, J. Hylen, T.R. Kobilarcik, G.E. Krafczyk, A. Marchionni, C.D. Moore, P. Schlabach, S. Tariq Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will utilize a beamline located at Fermilab to carry out a compelling research program in neutrino physics. The facility will aim a wide band neutrino beam toward underground detectors placed at the SURF Facility in South Dakota, about 1,300 km away. The main elements of the facility are a primary proton beamline and a neutrino beamline. The primary proton beam (60-120 GeV) will be extracted from the MI-10 section of Fermilab’s Main Injector. Neutrinos are produced after the protons hit a solid target and produce mesons which are subsequently focused by magnetic horns into a 204m long decay pipe where they decay into muons and neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined taking into account the physics goals, spacial and radiological constraints and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The initial proton beam power is expected to be 1.2 MW, however the facility is designed to be upgradeable to 2.4 MW. We discuss here the design status and the associated challenges as well as plans for improvements before baselining the facility.
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THPF123	Modeling Proton- and Light Ion-Induced Reactions at Low Energies in the MARS15 Code	proton, neutron, ion, light-ion	4003
	I.L. Rakhno, N.V. Mokhov Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA K. K. Gudima Institute of Applied Physics, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
	Funding: This work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Correct predictions of secondary particles generated in proton-nucleus interactions below a few tens of MeV is required for radiation studies for front-end of many proton accelerators, energy deposition studies for detectors, radiation damage calculations. Cascade models of various flavors fail to properly describe this energy region. Therefore, we opted to use the existing TENDL library provided in the ENDF/B format in the energy range from 1 to 200 MeV. A much more time-consuming approach utilized in a modified code ALICE was also looked at. For both the options, the energy and angle distributions of all secondary particles are described with the Kalbach-Mann systematics. The following secondaries are taken into account: gammas, nucleons, deuterons, tritons, He-3, He-4 and all generated residual nuclei. Comparisons with experimental data for both the options are presented. The corresponding software is written in C++. Initialization of required evaluated data is performed dynamically whenever the modeling code encounters a nuclide not accounted for yet. It enables us to significantly reduce the amount of requested memory for extended systems with large number of materials.
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Paper

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MOAB1

High Beam Intensity Harp Studies and Developments at SNS

data-acquisition, electronics, proton, simulation

17

W. Blokland
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Harp consists of 30 wires for each of the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal planes. The purpose of the harp is to measure the position, profile, and peak density of the high intensity beam coming out of the accumulator ring and going onto the spallation target. The data-acquisition hardware is now over ten years old and many of the electronics parts are obsolete. Occasionally, the electronics must be rebooted to reset the sample-and-hold circuitry. To evaluate options for a new system, the signals from the harp were studied. This paper will describe these studies’ results, the design, and initial results of the new and simpler data-acquisition system..

Slides MOAB1 [4.335 MB]

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MOPWA017

Design Status of the ESSvSB Switchyard

proton, dipole, quadrupole, emittance

125

E. Bouquerel
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France

The feasibility of the distribution of 5 MW proton beam power pulsed at 70 Hz onto a 4-target station for the production of neutrino super beams is discussed. To deflect and focus the beam having a magnetic rigidity of 11.0 Tm onto the targets, different configurations of beam switchyard are proposed and compared. The number of dipoles and quadrupoles composing this system is defined for each scenario. The length, the aperture, the magnetic fields and the field gradients of these optical elements are determined. The code TraceWin is used to simulate and optimize the envelopes of the beam along the beam lines. The transverse emittances at the exit of the system are shown.

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MOPWA052

Formation of a Uniform Ion Beam Based on Nonlinear Focusing and its Applications at the JAEA TIARA Cyclotron

ion, cyclotron, scattering, octupole

236

Y. Yuri, I. Ishibori, T. Ishizaka, S. Okumura, K. Yoshida, T. Yuyama
JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan

A formation/irradiation technique of large-area uniform beams based on nonlinear focusing of multipole magnets has been developed toward advanced research and efficient industrial applications at the TIARA AVF cyclotron of Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The uniform beam is formed as follows: An ion beam extracted from the cyclotron is multiply-scattered with a thin foil so that the transverse beam intensity distribution can be smoothed into a Gaussian-like distribution, critical to the formation of a highly uniform distribution. Then, the tail of the Gaussian-like distribution is folded into the inside by the nonlinear force of octupole magnets and eventually a uniform intensity distribution can be formed on a target. Typically, the area and uniformity of the beam are over 100 cm² and below 10%, respectively. Such large-area uniform beams have already been applied to radiation degradation testing of space-use solar cells and a study on functional materials in TIARA. In the presentation, the latest R&D results and the utilization status of the uniform beam will be shown.

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MOPWA065

Uniformization of the Transverse Beam Profile by a New Type Nonlinear Magnet

octupole, multipole, dipole, simulation

272

G. Gu, W.B. Liu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The uniform particle beam is desirable in many beam applications. One method to get this type of beam distribution is using octupoles, but loss of particles in the halo will be produced by this method. To reduce the beam loss, a new type of magnet is proposed in this paper. The field in the middle region of the new type magnet is similar to the octupole magnet field, but the rate of rise decline quickly in the edge. So that the particle in the edge experience a lower magnet field, and this would result in less particle loss. We also add a mechanical structure on the new type magnet to make it possible to adjust the size of middle region. So that the magnet can adapt to different transverse dimensions of the beam, and this would further reduce particle loss. Some numerical simulations have been done respectively with octuples and the new type of magnet. The simulation results show that the new type of magnet could get the uniform distribution of particle beam with less particle loss. We are processing a magnet now, and an experiment to test the magnet will be arranged on CPHS.

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MOPJE055

Design of an Intense Muon Source with a Carbon and Mercury Target

proton, factory, collider, solenoid

423

D. Stratakis, J.S. Berg
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Authored by employees of Brookhaven Science Associates LLC under Contract DE-SC0012704 and with Fermi Research Alliance LLC under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy
In high-intensity sources, muons are produced by firing high energy protons onto a target to produce pions. The pions decay to muons which are captured and accelerated. In the present study, we examine the performance of the channel for two different target scenarios: one based on liquid mercury and another one based on a solid carbon target. We produce distributions with the two different target materials and discuss differences in particle spectrum near the sources. We then propagate the distributions through our capture system and compare the full system performance for the two target types.

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MOPJE058

FLUKA Modeling of the ESS Accelerator

cryomodule, proton, linac, radiation

434

L. Lari, M. Eshraqi, L.S. Esposito, L. Tchelidze
ESS, Lund, Sweden
F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito, L. Lari, A. Mereghetti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In order to evaluate the energy deposition and radiation issues concerning the ESS accelerator, a FLUKA model of the machine has been created. The geometry of the superconducting beam line is built according to the machine optics, described in the TraceWin file and the CATIA drawings of the beam elements, using the LineBuilder tool developed at CERN. The objective is to create a flexible FLUKA model that is able to be adapted to the optimization of the optics, design modifications and machine integration constraints. Preliminary results are also presented.

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MOPJE076

Multi-objective Genetic Optimization with the General Particle Tracer (GPT) Code

solenoid, emittance, factory, cavity

492

S.B. van der Geer, M.J. de Loos
Pulsar Physics, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

In a typical design process there are a large number of variables, external constraints, and multiple conflicting objectives. Examples of the latter are short pulse, high charge, low emittance and low price. The classical solution to handle such problems is to combine all objectives into one merit function. This however implicitly assumes that the tradeoffs between all objectives are a-priori known. Especially in the early design stages this is hardly ever the case. A popular solution to this problem is to switch to multi-objective genetic optimization algorithms. This class of algorithms solves the problem by genetically optimising an entire population of sample solutions. Selection and recombination operators are defined such that the output, the so-called Pareto front, only includes solutions that are fully optimized where no objective can be improved without degrading any other. Here we present numerical studies and practical test runs of the genetic optimizer built into the General Particle Tracer (GPT) code.

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MOPMA019

Simulations of the Fermilab Recycler for Losses and Collimation

simulation, space-charge, collimation, proton

582

E.G. Stern, R. Ainsworth, J.F. Amundson, B.C. Brown
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Fermilab has recently completed an upgrade to the com- plex with the goal of delivering 700 kW of beam power as 120 GeV protons to the NuMI target. A major part of boost- ing beam power is to shorten the beam cycle by accumulating up to 12 bunches of 0.5 × 10 11 protons in the Recycler ring through slip-stacking during the Main Injector ramp. This introduces much higher intensities into the Recycler than it has had before. Meeting radiation safety requirements with high intensity operations requires understanding the ef- fects of space charge induced tune spreads and resulting halo formation, and aperture restrictions in the real machine to de- velop a collimation strategy. We report on initial simulations of slip-stacking in the Recycler performed with Synergia.

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MOPMA055

MuSim, a Graphical User Interface for Multiple Simulation Programs

simulation, interface, detector, storage-ring

678

T.J. Roberts
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
P.L. Gueye
Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA

MuSim is a new user-friendly program designed to interface to many different particle simulation codes, regardless of their data formats or geometry descriptions. It presents the user with a compelling graphical user interface that includes a flexible 3-D view of the simulated world plus powerful editing and drag-and-drop capabilities. All aspects of the design can be parametrized so that parameter scans and optimizations are easy. It is simple to create plots and display events in the 3-D viewer (with a slider to vary the transparency of solids), allowing for an effortless comparison of different simulation codes. Simulation codes: G4beamline, MAD-X, and MCNP; more coming. Many accelerator design tools and beam optics codes were written long ago, with primitive user interfaces by today’s standards. MuSim is specifically designed to make it easy to interface to such codes, providing a common user experience for all, and permitting the construction and exploration of models with very little overhead. For today’s technology-driven students, graphical interfaces meet their expectations far better than text-based tools, and education in accelerator physics is one of our primary goals.

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MOPMN001

Linear Optics and Coupling Correction with Turn-by-turn BPM Data

lattice, quadrupole, optics, coupling

698

X. Huang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
X. Yang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

We propose a method to measure and correct storage ring linear optics and coupling with turn-by-turn BPM data. The independent component analysis (ICA) is used to obtain the amplitudes and phase advances of the betatron normal modes, which are compared to their counterparts derived from the lattice model. By fitting the model to the data with quadrupole and skew quadrupole variables, the linear optics and coupling of the machine can be obtained. Simulation demonstrates that errors in the lattice and BPM parameters can be recovered with this method. Experiments on the NSLS-II storage ring show that it can find the same optics as the linear optics from closed orbit (LOCO) method.

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MOPTY011

Operation Experience of p-Carbon Polarimeter in RHIC

polarization, detector, vacuum, operation

956

H. Huang, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, A. Bazilevsky, O. Eyser, D. Kalinkin, J. Kewisch, Y. Makdisi, S. Nemesure, A. Poblaguev, W.B. Schmidke, D. Smirnov, D. Steski, K. Yip, A. Zelenski
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
I.G. Alekseev, D. Svirida
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The spin physics program in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) requires fast polarimeter to monitor the polarization evolution on the ramp and during stores. Over past decade, the polarimeter has evolved greatly to improve its performance. These include dual chamber design, monitoring camera, Si detector selection (and orientation), target quality control, and target frame modification. The preamp boards have been modified to deal with the high rate problem, too. The ultra thin carbon target lifetime is a concern. Simulations have been carried out on the target interaction with beam. Modification has also been done on the frame design. Extra caution has been put on RF shielding to deal with the pickup noises from the nearby stochastic cooling kickers. This paper summarizes the recent operation performance of this delicate device.

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MOPTY023

Beam Diagnostic of the LINAC for the Compact High-Performance THz-FEL

linac, gun, FEL, emittance

987

T. Hu, Q.S. Chen, K.F. Liu, B. Qin, P. Tan, Y.Q. Xiong, J. Yang
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
W. Chen
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China
J. Liu, Y.J. Pei, Z.X. Tang
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
Z.M. Wang
Chinagray, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China

With the aim to obtain short-pulse bunches with high peak current for a terahertz radiation source, an FEL-based LINAC is employed in HUST THz-FEL, and the LINAC consists of an EC-ITC RF gun, a disk-loaed waveguide structure with a constant gradient and collinear absorbing loads with focusing coils surrounded and so on. To achieve a balance between compactness and high performance, beam diagnostic system should be simple and high-precision. So that a cost-effective measurement scheme for the high-brightness beam extracted by the LINAC is needed. This paper will describe the beam line and beam diagnostic system of the LINAC in the HUST THz-FEL in detail and give corresponding assembly scheme. In addition, online monitor system is introduced.

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MOPTY030

Capacitive Linear-Cut Beam Position Monitor Design for Ion Synchrotron at KHIMA Project

synchrotron, vacuum, operation, proton

998

J.G. Hwang, C.H. Kim, S.H. Nam, S.Y. Noh
KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea
G. Hahn, W.T. Hwang, T.K. Yang
KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
E.-S. Kim
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

The KHIMA (Korea Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator) project is launched to construct the carbon and proton beam base ion therapy machine. It, which consists of the injector with RFQ and IH-DTL linacs, medium beam transport line, synchrotron, and high energy beam transport line, will be provided the carbon beam up to 430 MeV/u and proton beam up to 230 MeV for cancer therapy. The high precision beam position monitor is required to match and control the beam trajectory for the beam injection and closed orbit in synchrotron. It was also used for measuring the beta-function, tune, and chromaticity. Since the bunch length at heavy ion synchrotron is relatively long, a few meters, a box-like device with long plates of typically 20 cm is used to enhance the signal strength and to get a precise linear dependence with respect to the beam displacement. In this presentation, we show the electromagnetic design of the electrode and surroundings to satisfy the resolution of 100 um, the criteria for mechanical aspect to satisfy the position accuracy of 200 um, the measurement result of position accuracy by using the wire test-bench, and the beam-test results with long (~ 1.6 us) electron beam in PAL.

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MOPTY045

ESS Availability and Reliability Approach

neutron, experiment, operation, proton

1033

E. Bargalló, K.H. Andersen, R. Andersson, A. De Isusi, A. Nordt, E.J. Pitcher
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Reliability and availability are key metrics for achieving the scientific vision of the ESS. The approach taken to analyze and to improve these metrics in order to achieve the goals is described in this contribution. The methodology used to obtain the requirements considers not only the availability and reliability figures but also the specific needs extracted from users expectations from the neutron source in order to succeed in their experiments. A top-down requirements allocation is being developed at the same time that bottom-up reliability and availability analyses is being performed. The experiments expected at ESS and their needs in terms of neutron beam performance (reliability, availability and quality) are described as well as the tools used to analyze it. Moreover, the consequences of these analyses in the design phase are discussed.

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MOPTY046

Personnel Safety Systems for the European Spallation Source

radiation, PLC, controls, neutron

1036

S.L. Birch, A. Nordt, D. Paulic
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Providing and assuring safe conditions for personnel is a key parameter required to operate the European Spallation Source (ESS). The ESS will be responsible for developing all of the facility personnel safety related systems. All of these systems will be developed by the Integrated Control Systems Division (ICS) and all will be designed, manufactured, commissioned and operated in accordance with the IEC61508 standard, with regard to functional safety for Electrical/Electronic and Programmable Electronic (E/E/PE) safety related systems. This paper describes the ESS Personnel safety system’s scope, strategy, initial design requirements, and methodology but also provides an update of the system design progress so far.

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MOPTY048

Machine Protection Strategy for the ESS

operation, neutron, controls, proton

1042

A. Nordt, T. Friedrich, T. Korhonen
ESS, Lund, Sweden
C. Hilbes
ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland

The ESS proton beam power of 125MW per pulse (5MW average) will be unprecedented and its uncontrolled release could lead to serious damage of equipment within a few microseconds only. To optimize the operational efficiency of the ESS facility allowing for very high beam availability with high reliability towards the end-users, accidents should be avoided and interruptions of beam operation have to be rare and limited to a short time. Finding the right balance between efficient protection of equipment from damage and high beam availability is the key idea on which the ESS Machine Protection Strategy is being based on. Implementing and realizing the measures needed to provide the correct level of machine protection in case of a complex facility like the ESS, requires a systematic approach, which will be discussed in this paper. A method of how to derive machine protection relevant requirements and how to assure completeness of these will be outlined as well.

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MOPTY052

Experimental and Simulation Studies of Hydrodynamic Tunneling of Ultra-Relativistic Protons

simulation, proton, experiment, cavity

1048

F. Burkart, R. Schmidt, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A.R. Piriz
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
A. Shutov
IPCP, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia
N.A. Tahir
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The expected damage due to the release of the full LHC beam energy at a single aperture bottleneck has been studied. These studies have shown that the range of the 7 TeV LHC proton beam is significantly extended compared to that of a single proton due to hydrodynamic tunneling effect. For instance, it was evaluated that the protons and their showers will penetrate up to a length of 25 m in solid carbon compared to a static range of around 3 m. To check the validity of these simulations, beam- target heating experiments using the 440 GeV proton beam generated by the SPS were performed at the HiRadMat test facility at CERN *. Solid copper targets were facially irradiated by the beam and measurements confirmed hydrodynamic tunneling of the protons and their showers. Simulations have been done by running the energy deposition code FLUKA and the 2D hydrodynamic code, BIG2, iteratively. Very good agreement has been found between the simulations and the experimental results ** providing confidence in the validity of the studies for the LHC. This paper presents the simulation studies, the results of a benchmarking experiment, and the detailed target investigations.
* N.A. Tahir et al., Phys. Rev. Special Topics Accel. Beams 15 (2012) 051003.
** R. Schmidt et al., Phys. Plasmas 21 (2014) 080701.

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MOPWI017

Beam Extinction Monitoring in the Mu2e Experiment

proton, detector, experiment, shielding

1185

E. Prebys, A. Gaponenko, P.H. Kasper
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
L.M. Bartoszek
Bartoszek Engineering, Aurora, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the US Department of Energy under contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359.
The Mu2e Experiment at Fermilab will search for the conversion of a muon to an electron in the field of an atomic nucleus with unprecedented sensitivity. The experiment requires a beam consisting of proton bunches approximately 200ns FW long, separated by 1.7 microseconds, with no out-of-time protons at the 10^-10 fractional level. The verification of this level of extinction is very challenging. The proposed technique uses a special purpose spectrometer which will observe particles scattered from the production target of the experiment. The acceptance will be limited such that there will be no saturation effects from the in-time beam. The precise level and profile of the out-of-time beam can then be built up statistically, by integrating over many bunches.

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TUXB1

FRANZ and Small-Scale Accelerator-Driven Neutron Sources

neutron, proton, rfq, operation

1276

C. Wiesner, S.M. Alzubaidi, M. Droba, M. Heilmann, O. Hinrichs, B. Klump, O. Meusel, D. Noll, O. Payir, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp, S. Schmidt, P.P. Schneider, M. Schwarz, W. Schweizer, K. Volk, C. Wagner
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
R. Reifarth
IKF, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany

This paper gives an overview of the opportunities and challenges of high-intensity, low-energy light-ion accelerators for neutron production. Applications of this technology range from the study of stellar nucleosynthesis and astrophysical phenomena to medical applications such as Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The paper includes details of the FRANZ facility, under development at Frankfurt University.

Slides TUXB1 [3.514 MB]

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TUBB2

The Accelerator Facility of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

ion, proton, antiproton, heavy-ion

1343

P.J. Spiller, F. Becker, A. Dolinskyy, L. Groening, O.K. Kester, K. Knie, H. Reich-Sprenger, W. Vinzenz, M. Winkler
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
D. Prasuhn
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

The accelerators of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research – FAIR are under construction. The sophisticated system of accelerators is designed to produce stable and secondary beams with a significant variety of intensities and beam energies. FAIR will explore the intensity frontier of heavy ion accelerators and the beams for the experiments will have highest beam quality for cutting edge physics to be conducted. The main driver accelerator of FAIR will be the SIS100 synchrotron. In order to produce the intense rare isotope beams (RIB) at FAIR, a unique superconducting fragment separator is under construction. A system of storage rings will collect and cool secondary particles from the FAIR. Intense work on test infrastructure for the huge number of superconducting magnets of the FAIR machines is ongoing at GSI and several partner labs. In addition, the GSI accelerator facility is being prepared to serve as injector for the FAIR accelerators. As the construction of the FAIR accelerators and the procurement has started, an overview of the designs, procurements plans and infrastructure preparation can be provided.

Slides TUBB2 [4.653 MB]

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TUAD2

Comparison between Measured and Computed Temperatures of the Internal High Energy Beam Dump in the CERN SPS

simulation, dumping, shielding, kicker

1373

G.E. Steele, R. Folch, V. Kain, I.V. Leitao, R. Losito, C. Maglioni, F. Pasdeloup, A. Perillo-Marcone, F.M. Velotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The SPS high energy internal dump (TIDVG) is designed to receive beam dumps from 10².2 to 450 GeV. The absorbing core is composed of 2.5m graphite, followed by 1m of aluminium, then 0.5m of copper and finally 0.3m of tungsten, all of which is surrounded by a water cooled copper jacket. An inspection during Long Shutdown 1 revealed significant beam induced damage to the Al section of the dump block. Temperature sensors were installed to monitor the new dump replacing the damaged one. This paper summarises the correlation between the temperature measured as a function of the energy deposited and the same temperatures computed in a numerical model combining FLUKA and ANSYS simulations. The goal of this study is the assessment of the thermal contact quality between the beam absorbing blocks and the copper jacket, by analysing the cooling times observed from the measurements and from the thermo-mechanical simulations. This paper presents an improved method to estimate the efficiency and long term reliability of the cooling of this type of design, with the view of optimising the performance of future dump versions.

Slides TUAD2 [5.768 MB]

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TUPWA048

Radiative Cooled Target for the ILC Polarized Positron Source

positron, vacuum, photon, radiation

1526

A. Ushakov
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
F. Dietrich, S. Riemann, T. Rublack
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
P. Sievers
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Work supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Joint Research Project R&D Accelerator "Spin Optimization", contract number 19XL7IC4
The target for the polarized positron source of the future International Linear Collider (ILC) is designed as wheel of 1 m diameter spinning with 2000 revolutions per minute to distribute the heat load. The target system is placed in vacuum since exit windows would not stand the load. In the current ILC design, the positron target is assumed to be water-cooled. Here, as an alternative, radiative cooling of the target has been studied. The energy deposition in the target is the input for ANSYS simulations. They include the temperature evolution as well as the corresponding thermo-mechanical stress in the target components. A principal design is suggested for further consideration.

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TUPJE001

Design of Wavelength Tunable Coherent X-Ray Source

electron, radiation, optics, emittance

1604

J. Hyun
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Endo
TOYAMA Co., Ltd., Zama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
K. Hayakawa, Y. Hayakawa, T. Sakai, T. Tanaka
LEBRA, Funabashi, Japan
I. Sato
Nihon University, Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities, Funabashi, Japan
M. Satoh, M. Yoshida
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

KEK, Nihon University and TOYAMA CO., Ltd. have been developing the compact shieldless coherent X-ray source that can change the X-ray energy (3-25keV). This X-ray is the Parametric X-ray radiation (PXR) generated by relativistic charged particles passed through a single crystal. It has features that are monochromaticity, coherence and diffraction large angle for the incident beam. These indicate to the possibility for the application to the medical treatment and diagnosis. Furthermore, we try to reduce the radiation which is mainly generated when the high energy beam is damped. This system consists of an accelerating, a decelerating structure and four bending magnets (theta: 90 degree). These structures are operated under low temperature to get the high Q-value for long beam pulse. PXR is generated by colliding with a single crystal after electron beam is accelerated up to 75 MeV. The bunch passed through the crystal is transported into a decelerator structure and then is decelerated to 3 MeV there. Q-magnets are arranged that dispersion function is zero except arc sections. We calculated the beam transport, PXR intensity and emittance blow up. We'll report these details.

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TUPMA020

PEPPo: Using a Polarized Electron Beam to Produce Polarized Positrons

positron, electron, polarization, solenoid

1878

A.H. Adeyemi, P.L. Gueye
Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA
P.A. Adderley, M.M. Ali, H. Areti, J. F. Benesch, L.S. Cardman, J. Clark, S. Covert, C. Cuevas, A. Freyberger, S. Golge, J.M. Grames, P.L. Gueye, J. Hansknecht, P.L. Harrell, C. Hyde, R. Kazimi, Y. Kim, D. Machie, K.L. Mahoney, R.R. Mammei, J.L. McCarter, M.D. McCaughan, M. Poelker, M.L. Stutzman, R. Suleiman, C.-Y. Tsai, D.L. Turner, Y.W. Wang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
M.A. Baylac, E. Froidefond, M. Marton, J-F. Muraz, J-S. Real, E. J-M. Voutier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
P. Cole, D. Dale, T.A. Forest
ISU, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
O. Dadoun, A. Variola
LAL, Orsay, France
D. Dale, Y. Kim
IAC, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
EF. Fanchini
INFN Genova, Genova, Italy
S. Golge
NCCU, , North Carolina, USA
S. Golge, C. Hyde
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
J.L. McCarter
UVa, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
C.-Y. Tsai
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
A. Variola
IN2P3-CNRS, Orsay, France

Polarized positron beams have been identified as either an essential or a significant ingredient for the experimental program of both the present and next generation of lepton accelerators (JLab, Super KEK B, ILC, CLIC). An experiment demonstrating a new method for producing polarized positrons has been performed at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility at Jefferson Lab. The PEPPo (Polarized Electrons for Polarized Positrons) concept relies on the production of polarized e⁻/e⁺ pairs from the bremsstrahlung radiation of a longitudinally polarized electron beam interacting within a high Z conversion target. PEPPo demonstrated the effective transfer of spin-polarization of an 8.2 MeV/c polarized (P~85%) electron beam to positrons produced in varying thickness tungsten production targets, and collected and measured in the range of 3.1 to 6.2 MeV/c. In comparison to other methods this technique reveals a new pathway for producing either high energy or thermal polarized positron beams using a relatively low polarized electron beam energy (~10MeV) .This presentation will describe the PEPPo concept, the motivations of the experiment and high positron polarization achieved.

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TUPMA036

First e-/Photon Commissioning Results for the GlueX Experiment/Hall D at CEBAF

photon, radiation, detector, acceleration

1916

M.D. McCaughan, J. F. Benesch, Y. Roblin, T. Satogata
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
Experimental Hall D, with flagship experiment GlueX, was constructed as part of the 12 GeV CEBAF upgrade. A new magnetically extracted electron beam line was installed to support this hall. Bremsstrahlung photons from retractable radiators, are delivered to the experiment through a series of collimators following a long drift to allow for beam convergence. Coherent Bremsstrahlung generated by interaction with a diamond radiator will achieve a nominal 40% linear polarization and photon energies between 8.5 and 9 GeV from 12.1 GeV electrons, which are then tagged or diverted to a medium power 60kW electron dump. The expected photon flux is 107-10⁸ Hz. This paper discusses the experimental line design, commissioning experience gained since first beam in spring 2014, and the present results of beam commissioning by the experiment.

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TUPHA003

Sputter Growth of Alkali Antimonide Photocathodes: An in Operando Materials Analysis

cathode, emittance, gun, radiation

1965

J. Smedley, K. Attenkofer, M. Gaowei, J. Sinsheimer, J. Walsh
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
H. Bhandari
Radiation Monitoring Devices, Watertown, USA
Z. Ding, E.M. Muller
SBU, Stony Brook, New York, USA
H.J. Frisch
Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
H.A. Padmore, S.G. Schubert, J.J. Wong
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by U.S. DoE, under KC0407-ALSJNT-I0013 and SBIR grant # DE-SC0009540. NSLS was supported by DOE DE-AC02-98CH10886, CHESS is supported by NSF & NIH/NIGMS via NSF DMR-1332208
Alkali antimonide photocathodes are a strong contender for the cathode of choice for next-generation photon sources such as LCLS II or the XFEL. These materials have already found extensive use in photodetectors and image intensifiers. However, only recently have modern synchrotron techniques enabled a systematic study of the formation chemistry of these materials. Such analysis has led to the understanding that these materials are inherently rough when grown through traditional sequential deposition; this roughness has a detrimental impact on the intrinsic emittance of the emitted beam. Sputter deposition may provide a path to achieving a far smoother photocathode, while maintaining adequate quantum efficiency. We report on the creation and vacuum transport of a K2CsSb sputter target, and its use to create an ultra-smooth (sub nm roughness) cathode with a 2% quantum efficiency at 532 nm.

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TUPTY003

Study of the Dynamic Response of CLIC Accelerating Structures

alignment, operation, monitoring, positron

2000

E. Daskalaki
NTUA, Athens, Greece
S. Döbert, M. Duquenne, H. Mainaud Durand, A.L. Vamvakas
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
V. Rude
ESGT-CNAM, Le Mans, France

CLIC is a linear electron-positron collider, 48 km long, consisting of more than 20000 repetitive modules. The target beam size of 1 nm dictates very tight alignment tolerances for the accelerating structures (AS). In order to assess the effect of short-term RF power interruptions (breakdowns or failure modes) on the alignment, the dynamic behaviour of the AS was investigated on the prototype two-beam module. On a dedicated experimental setup, the thermal and mechanical time constant (TC) was monitored as a function of ambient temperature, water flow and power. The experimental results showed that the thermal TC ranged between 4 and 11 minutes and presented strong correlation with the cooling water flow. These results were in very good agreement with the theoretical expectations. The displacement dynamics were found to be comparable with the thermal ones. The study indicates that temperature measurement, which is a fast and easy process, can be used as an indicator of the AS displacement. Moreover, it is shown than the transient response can be efficiently controlled through appropriate regulation of the cooling water flow.

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TUPTY012

Orbit Correction in CEPC

quadrupole, dipole, closed-orbit, factory

2022

S. Bai, J. Gao, H. Geng
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

With the discovery of the higgs boson at around 125GeV, a circular higgs factory design with high luminosity (L ~ 10³⁴ cm^-2s^-1) is becoming more popular in the accelerator world. The CEPC project in China is one of them. To reduce the cost, pretzel scheme was considered in CEPC orbit design. The presence of every kind of errors and misalignments will destroy the pretzel orbit. In this paper, we correct the distorted pretzel orbit in the CEPC main ring using the dipole correctors and beam position monitors. The pretzel orbit was recovered and the maximum corrector strengths are got.

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TUPTY015

Study on the transverse painting during the injection process for CSNS/RCS

injection, neutron, proton, linac

2025

M.Y. Huang, L. Huang, N. Huang, J. Qiu, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11205185, 11175020, 11175193 )
For the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), a combination of the H⁻ stripping and phase space painting method is used to accumulate a high intensity beam in the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS). In this paper, firstly, the injection processes with different painting ranges and different painting methods were studied. With the codes ORBIT and MATLAB, the particle distribution and painting image were obtained. Then, the reasonable painting range which is suitable for the aperture size and magnet gap can be selected. Since the real field uniformity of BH3 and BV3 is not completely in conformity with the design requirement, the painting method and painting range also need to be selected to reduce the effects of bad field uniformity.

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TUPTY053

Roadmap towards High Accelerator Availability for the CERN HL-LHC Era

luminosity, radiation, operation, beam-losses

2143

A. Apollonio, M. Brugger, L. Rossi, R. Schmidt, B. Todd, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

High Luminosity-LHC is the future upgrade of the LHC that aims at delivering an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb-1 over about 10 years of operation, starting from 2025. Significant modifications [1] will be implemented to accelerator systems, including new superconducting magnets, crab cavities, superconducting links, new collimators and absorbers based on advanced materials and design and additional cryo-plants. Due to the limit imposed by the number of simultaneous events at the experiments (pile-up) on peak luminosity, the latter will be levelled to 5*1034 cm^-2s⁻¹. The target integrated luminosity can only be achieved with a significant increase of the total available time for beam collisions compared to the 2012 LHC run, despite a beam current that is planned to double the nominal 0.58 A. Therefore one of the key figures of merit to take into account for system upgrades and new designs is their impact on the accelerator availability. In this paper the main factors affecting LHC availability will be discussed and predictions on the impact of future system upgrades on integrated luminosity presented. Requirements in terms of the maximum allowed number of dumps for the main contributing systems to LHC unavailability will be derived.

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TUPTY072

A New ILC Positron Source Target System Using Sliding Contact Cooling

vacuum, positron, radiation, undulator

2196

W. Gai, D.S. Doran, R.A. Erck, G.R. Fenske, V.J. Guarino, W. Liu
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

The R&D of the baseline positron source target for ILC is still ongoing after TDR due to the uncertainty of rotating vacuum seal and water cooling system of the fast spinning target wheel. Different institutes around the globe have proposed different approaches to tackle this issue. A spinning target wheel system with sliding contact cooling has been proposed by ANL. The proposed system eliminated the needs of rotating vacuum seal by using magnet bearings and vacuum compatible motor driven solid spinning wheel target. The energy deposited from positron production process is taken away via sliding cooling pads sliding against the spinning wheel. Details about this new target system are presented in this paper.

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TUPWI001

Turnkey Systems Cost Optimization by Iterative Design of Magnets and Power Supplies

quadrupole, power-supply, magnet-design, optics

2239

M. Cavellier, W. Beeckman, F. Forest, J.D. Holzmann
Sigmaphi, Vannes, France

For more than 30 years, Sigmaphi has been manufacturing magnets and power supplies. Its teams are now able to supply a complete particle beam line, from beam optics calculation to on-site installation and alignment. These combined skills allow design optimization for turnkey systems in order to reduce their purchasing and running costs. An example of successful iterative design is presented: a 70 meters beam line designed, manufactured and installed by Sigmaphi for JINR in Dubna, Russia. This design optimization allowed reducing total power consumption of the 14 quadrupoles by 7.5%.

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TUPWI009

Development of Un-destructive Inspection System for Large Concrete Infrastructure by using Accelerator Based Compact Neutron Source

neutron, detector, proton, photon

2262

A. Taketani, H. Baba, T. Hashiguchi, G. Hu, Y. Ikeda, Q. Jia, H. Ota, Y. Otake, Y. Seki, S. Wang, Y. Yamagata, S. Yanagimachi
RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
K. Hirota
Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
K. Kino
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
S. Tanaka
KEK, Tsukuba, Japan

Aged large concrete structure, such as highway, bridges and so on, need to be inspected in order to maintain with less cost by un-destructive method. We have been developing un-destructive inspection system by using fast neutron which can penetrate thick concrete. The system will be consisted of (1) Transportable Accelerator based Neutron Source, (2) Fast neutron imaging detector, and (3) Image processing for getting 3D image. RIKEN Accelerator based compact Neutron Source (RANS), which consists of 7MeV proton LINAC and target station, has been operating since 2013. RANS can generate thermal (~25meV) and fast (~2MeV) neutron. Fast neutron detector are developed with plastic scintillator and semiconductor photon sensors. It can see 10mm thick steel rod with 2mm accuracy through 300mm thick concrete.

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TUPWI014

Design of a Superconducting Gantry for Protons

dipole, quadrupole, proton, lattice

2268

C. Bonțoiu, I. Martel, J. Sanchez-Segovia
University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
R. Berjillos, J.P.B. Perez
TTI, Santander, Spain

The last decade brought much interest in proton therapy within the medical and accelerator communities. Using normal conducting technology, the high-energy beams required can be handled only with large and heavy magnets which causes prohibitive costs. While lattice design work on a superconducting gantry has been carried out for a decade there is yet no practical implementation. The University of Huelva in collaboration with the Andalusian Foundation for Health Research (FABIS) is currently involved in developing and assembling a prototype for a compact superconducting proton gantry. Magnet design and performance is described along with beam dynamics results for the main gantry arcs and for the final spot scanning system using realistic magnetic field maps thoroughly.

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TUPWI019

Neutron Shielding Optimization Studies

neutron, shielding, detector, proton

2282

A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
J.R. Alonso, L.M. Bartoszek, J.M. Conrad
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
M. Shaevitz
Columbia University, New York, USA

The IsoDAR sterile-neutrino search calls for a high neutron flux from a 60 MeV proton beam striking a beryllium target, that flood a sleeve of highly-enriched ⁷Li, the beta-decay of the resulting ⁸Li giving the desired neutrinos for the very-short-baseline experiment. The target is placed very close to an existing large neutrino detector; all such existing or planned detectors are deep underground, in low-background environments. It is necessary to design a shielding enclosure to prevent neutrons from causing unacceptable activation of the environment. GEANT4 is being used to study neutron attenuation, and optimizing the layers of shielding material to minimize thickness. Materials being studied include iron and two new types of concrete developed by Jefferson Laboratory, one very light with shredded plastic aggregate, the other with high quantities of boron. Initial studies indicate that a total shielding thickness of 1.5 meters produces the required attenuation factor, further studies may allow decrease in thickness. Minimizing it will reduce the amount of cavity excavation needed to house the target system in confined underground spaces.

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TUPWI022

GEM*STAR Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System for Improved Safety, Waste Management, and Plutonium Disposition

neutron, proton, simulation, operation

2289

R.P. Johnson, R.J. Abrams, M.A.C. Cummings, G. Flanagan, T.J. Roberts
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
C. Bowman
ADNA, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
R.B. Vogelaar
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

Operation of high-power SRF particle accelerators at two US national laboratories allows us to consider a less-expensive nuclear reactor that operates without the need for a critical core, fuel enrichment, or reprocessing. A multipurpose reactor design that takes advantage of this new accelerator capability includes an internal spallation neutron target and high-temperature molten-salt fuel with continuous purging of volatile radioactive fission products. The reactor contains less than a critical mass and almost a million times fewer volatile radioactive fission products than conventional reactors like those at Fukushima. We describe GEM*STAR *, a reactor that without redesign will burn spent nuclear fuel, natural uranium, thorium, or surplus weapons material. A first application is to burn 34 tonnes of excess weapons grade plutonium as an important step in nuclear disarmament under the 2000 Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement **. The process heat generated by this W-Pu can be used for the Fischer-Tropsch conversion of natural gas and renewable carbon into 42 billion gallons of low-CO2-footprint, drop-in, synthetic diesel fuel for the DOD.
* Charles D. Bowman, R. Bruce Vogelaar, et al., Handbook of Nuclear Engineering, Springer Science+Business Media LLC (2010).
** http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2010/04/140097.htm

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TUPWI028

Varying Amplitude Raster Pattern for High Power Isotope Production Targets

isotope-production, flattop, experiment, proton

2298

J.S. Kolski, J. Audia, H.T. Bach, Y.K. Batygin, J.T. Bradley III, M. Connors, J.W. Engle, E. Espinoza, E. Figueroa, M.J. Hall, M.P. Martinez, F.M. Nortier, D. Reass, W. Roybal, H.A. Watkins
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

The Isotope Production Facility (IPF) at LANSCE produces medical radionuclides strontium-82 and germanium-68 by bombarding rubidium chloride and gallium metal targets respectively with a 100 MeV proton beam, 230 uA average current. Rastering the proton beam is necessary to distribute beam power deposited as heat in the target and allow for higher average beam current for isotope production. We currently use a single circle raster pattern with constant amplitude and frequency. In this paper, we demonstrate two different varying amplitude raster patterns (concentric circle and spiral) to achieve uniform target coverage and expose more target volume to beam heating. In this proof-of-principle experiment, we compare beam spot uniformity measured by irradiating films and foils for both raster patterns.

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TUPWI047

Target and Orbit Feedback Simulations of a muSR Beamline at BNL

solenoid, proton, feedback, kicker

2353

W. Fischer, M. Blaskiewicz, P.H. Pile
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
W.W. MacKay
Weirich Consulting Services, Inc., Huntersville, North Carolina, USA

Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE under contract No DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Well-polarized positive surface muons are a tool to measure the magnetic properties of materials since the precession rate of the spin can be determined from the observation of the positron directions when the muons decay. The use of the AGS complex at BNL has been explored for a muSR facility previously. Here we report simulations of a beamline with a target inside a solenoid, and of an orbit feedback system with single muon beam positioning monitors based on technology available today.

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WEPWA017

An Optimization of ILC Positron Source for Electron-Driven Scheme

positron, electron, beam-loading, linac

2529

Y. Seimiya, M. Kuriki, M. Urano
HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
S. Kashiwagi
Tohoku University, School of Science, Sendai, Japan
T. Okugi, T. Omori, M. Satoh, J. Urakawa
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Takahashi
Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Science, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan

International Linear Collider is a future accelerator to find new physics behind the electroweak symmetry breaking by precise measurements of Higgs sector, Top quark, and so on. ILC has capacities to reveal new phenomena beyond Standard model, such as Supersymmetry particles and dark matters. In current design of positron source, undulator scheme is adapted as a baseline. In the scheme, positrons are generated from gamma rays through pair-creation process in Ti-alloy target. Generations of the gamma rays by the undulator radiation requires more than 130 GeV electrons. Therefore, a system demonstration of the scheme is practically difficult prior to the real construction. Consequently, it is desirable to prepare a technical backup of this undulator scheme. We study an optimization of positron source based on the conventional electron-driven scheme for ILC. In this scheme, positron beam is generated by several GeV electron beam impinging on W-Re target. Although heavy heat load and destruction of the target is a potential problem, it can be relaxed by stretching the effective pulse length to 60 ms instead of 1 ms, by a dedicated electron linac for the positron production. In this report, a start-to-end simulation of the electron-driven ILC positron source is performed. Beam-loading effect caused by multi-bunch acceleration in the standing wave RF cavity is also considered.

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WEPWA019

Development of Accelerator-driven Compact Neutron Sources

neutron, proton, radiation, status

2535

K. Hirota, G. Ichikawa, M. Kitaguchi, Y. Kiyanagi, H.M. Shimizu, K. Tsuchida, A. Uritani, K. Watanabe
Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

Neutron is a very good probe to investigate the inner structure of materials. The large neutron facilities like J-PARC MLF and SNS were constructed in this decade, and ESS facility are start to construct. These large facilities are very good tools to study in academic field. But the construction cost is increasing and it is hard to construct at many facilities. And also it is hard to get long beam time. One of the solution of these problems are constructing Compact Accelerator-driven Neutron Source (CANS). We will present the current situation of CANS and the status of the facility of Nagoya University.

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WEPWA021

A New DC Muon Beam Line at RCNP, Osaka University

solenoid, proton, quadrupole, positron

2537

Y. Matsumoto, Y. Kohno, Y. Kuno, Y. Nakazawa, H. Sakamoto, A. Sato
Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
M. Fukuda, K. Hatanaka, Y. Kawashima, S. Morinobu, K. Takahisa, H. Ueda
RCNP, Osaka, Japan
M. Ieiri, M. Minakawa
KEK, Tsukuba, Japan

A new DC muon beam line has been constructed at RCNP, Osaka University. The MuSIC, which has the highest muon production efficiency using superconducting solenoidal magnets, has successfully demonstrated to provide a 2x10⁸ [mu+/sec/micro A]. In 2014, the solenoid solenoidal magnets of the MuSIC were extended by a new beam line with normal conducting magnets. The new beamline consists of beam slits, quadrupole magnets, bending magnets and a spin rotator. This new beamline is designed for muon experiments such as μSR experiments and muonic X-ray measurements. In order to study the performance of the beams provided by the beamline , a beam test will be performed in December 2014. In this paper, I will present about a detail design of MuSIC including the new beamline and result of the beam test.

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WEPWA023

Development of Muon LINAC for the Muon g-2/EDM Experiment at J-PARC

acceleration, rfq, cavity, experiment

2541

M. Otani, Y. Fukao, T. Mibe, N. Saito, M. Yoshida
KEK, Tsukuba, Japan
Y. Iwashita
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
R. Kitamura
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Y. Kondo
JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan

The muon anomalous magnetic moment (g-2) and electric dipole moment (EDM) are one of the effective paths to beyond Standard Model of elementary particle physics. The E34 experiment aims to measure g-2 with a precision of 0.1 ppm and search EDM with a sensitivity to 10-21 e*cm with high intensity proton driver at J-PARC and a newly developed novel technique of the ultra-cold muon beam. The ultra-cold muons, which are generated from surface muons by the thermal muonium production and laser ionization, are accelerated to 300 MeV/c by muon linear accelerator. The muon LINAC consists of RFQ and following three types of the RF cavities. The muon acceleration to this energy will be the first case in the world. This poster reports about status of the initial acceleration test with RFQ and the development of the RF cavities, especially for the middle beta section.

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WEPWA033

Characterization of Laser-plasma Accelerated Electron Beam for a Compact Storage Ring

laser, electron, plasma, storage-ring

2569

S. H. Park, Y. Cha, Y.U. Jeong, J.S. Jo, H.N. Kim, K.N. Kim, K. Lee, W.J. Ryu, J.S. Shinn, N. Vinokurov
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
N. Vinokurov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

A compact radiation source can be utilized by an electron beam from a Laser-plasma acceleration combined with localized shielding in a small laboratory. The stability of synchrotron radiation in wavelength and power depends on the shot-to-shot jitters of the energy and charge of an electron beam, which is strongly influenced by the plasma density of target and the jitters of a laser beam. With the 30 TW fs laser in KAERI, the optimization for generating the electron beam have done using the different shape of gas nozzle. We also present the pointing stability and the energy spread of the laser-accelerated electron beams.

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WEPWA056

The Sinuous Target

radiation, proton, electron, lattice

2630

R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

We report on the concept for a target material comprised of a multitude of interlaced wires of small dimension. This target material concept is primarily directed at high-power neutrino targets where the thermal shock is large due to small beam sizes and short durations; it also has applications to other high-power targets, particularly where the energy deposition is great or a high surface area is preferred. This approach ameliorates the problem of thermal shock by engineering a material with high strength on the microscale, but a very low modulus of elasticity on the mesoscale. The low modulus of elasticity is achieved by constructing the material of spring-like wire segments much smaller than the beam dimension. The intrinsic bends of the wires will allow them to absorb the strain of thermal shock with minimal stress. Furthermore, the interlaced nature of the wires provides containment of any segment that might become loose. We will discuss the progress on studies of analogue materials and fabrication techniques for sinuous target materials.

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WEPWA057

Design Concepts for Muon-Based Accelerators

collider, factory, simulation, proton

2633

R.D. Ryne
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
Y.I. Alexahin, A.D. Bross, K. E. Gollwitzer, N.V. Mokhov, D.V. Neuffer, M.A. Palmer, K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
J.S. Berg, H.G. Kirk, R.B. Palmer, D. Stratakis
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
S.A. Bogacz
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
J.-P. Delahaye
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
T.J. Roberts
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
P. Snopok
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Muon-based accelerators have the potential to enable facilities at both the Intensity and the Energy Frontiers. Muon storage rings can serve as high precision neutrino sources, and a muon collider is an ideal technology for a TeV or multi-TeV collider. Progress in muon accelerator designs has advanced steadily in recent years. In regard to 6D muon cooling, detailed and realistic designs now exist that provide more than 5 order-of-magnitude emittance reduction. Furthermore, detector performance studies indicate that with suitable pixelation and timing resolution, backgrounds in the collider detectors can be significantly reduced thus enabling high quality physics results. Thanks to these and other advances in design & simulation of muon systems, technology development, and systems demonstrations, muon storage-ring-based neutrino sources and a muon collider appear more feasible than ever before. A muon collider is now arguably among the most compelling approaches to a multi-TeV lepton collider. This paper summarizes the current status of design concepts for muon-based accelerators for neutrino factories and a muon collider.

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WEPJE010

Particle Production of a Graphite Target System for the Intensity Frontier

proton, emittance, factory, collider

2692

X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
H.G. Kirk
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

A solid graphite target system is considered for an intense muon and/or neutrino source in support of physics at the intensity frontier. We previously optimized the geometric parameters of the beam and target to maximize particle production at low energies by incoming protons with kinetic energy of 6.75 GeV and an rms geometric emittance of 5 mm-mrad using the MARS15(2014) code. In this study, we ran MARS15 with ROOT-based geometry and also considered a mercury-jet target as an upgrade operation. The optimization was extended to focused proton beams with transverse emittances from 5 to 50 mm-mrad, showing that the particle production decreases slowly with increasing emittance. We also studied the beam dump configuration to suppress the rate of undesirable higher-energy secondary particles in the beam.

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WEPJE016

INTENSE MUON BEAMS FROM THE CSNS SPALLATION TARGET

solenoid, proton, neutron, experiment

2708

Y. Bao, G.G. Hanson
UCR, Riverside, California, USA

Intense muon beams are useful for a wide range of physics experiments. Currently most of the muon beams are produced by protons hitting thin targets sitting upstream of spallation neutron targets. The intensity of the muons is greatly limited by the small thickness of the muon targets, which are intended to have minimum impact on the proton beams. When the majority of the proton beam hits the spallation target, a large number of pions/muons are produced. After being captured in a solenoidal magnetic field, a high intensity muon beam can be produced. In this paper we take the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) target as an example and investigate the production of high intensity muon beams. Two possibilities are presented in this paper: an upstream collection of surface muons and a downstream collection of pions which is followed by a decay and compress channel to obtain a high intensity muon beam. Simulations show both methods can reach high intensities which could significantly increase the statistics of many experiments.

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WEPJE026

Conceptual Design of a Quadrupole Magnet for eRHIC

quadrupole, permanent-magnet, simulation, electron

2729

H. Witte, J.S. Berg
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
eRHIC is a proposed upgrade to the existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) hadron facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory, which would allow collisions of up to 21 GeV polarized electrons with a variety of species from the existing RHIC accelerator. eRHIC employs an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) and an FFAG lattice for the arcs. The arcs require open-midplane quadrupole magnets of up to 30 T/m gradient of good field quality. In this paper we explore initial quadrupole magnet design concepts based on permanent magnetic material which allow to modify the gradient during operation.

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WEPMA004

A 250 Hz AC Scan Magnet for High-Power Radioisotope Production and BNCT Applications

damping, power-supply, proton, insertion

2747

M.P. Dehnel, J. Chu, C. Hollinger, A. Kilbourne-Quirk, D.E. Potkins, T.M. Stewart, S. Tranfo
D-Pace, Nelson, British Columbia, Canada
C. Philpott
BSL, Auckland, New Zealand

Funding: D-Pace acknowledges Canadian Government funding through SRED-CRA & NSERC-USRA, and through regional funding provided by KAST.
This paper describes the proto-type magnet measurement results for a compact (212 mm, effective length) yet large gap (97 mm) ambient air-cooled laminated AC scan magnet. A large aperture is essential for machine safety in radioisotope production, and Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) applications with steady-state beam power up to 50 kW *. Rose shim and Purcell filter techniques are examined for improved transverse field flatness. The measured magnetic field and frequency response curves through a range from (250 Gauss, 70 Hertz) to (25 Gauss, 250 Hertz) are given for the case of an air-gap, SS316 beampipe, and SS316 bellows. Measured transverse and longitudinal magnetic field curves are also given. A model of the frequency response of the magnet was created and validated. The model simplifies power supply selection and maps the effects of system natural frequency on the magnetic field. Tests were conducted with and without a capacitor in parallel with the magnet coils. Lastly, algorithms for flat-topped square, and circular scanned beam intensity distributions are given.
* M.P. Dehnel et al, "A Specialized High-Power (50 kW) Proton Beamline for BNCT", Proc. of NA-PAC13, pp.116-118, Pasadena, CA, USA, Oct 2013.

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WEPMA007

Experimental Study of Multipactor Suppression in Dielectric Materials

multipactoring, electron, vacuum, Windows

2753

M. El Khaldi, W. Kaabi
LAL, Orsay, France

A novel coaxial resonator to investigate two-surface multipactor discharges on metal and dielectric surfaces in the gap region under vacuum conditions (~10^-8 mbar) has been designed and tested. The resonator is ~ 100 mm in length with an outer diameter of ~ 60 mm (internal dimensions). A pulsed RF source delivers up to 30 W average power over a wide frequency range 650-900 MHz to the RF resonator. The incident and reflected RF signals are monitored by calibrated RF diodes. An electron probe provides temporal measurements of the multipacting electron current with respect to the RF pulses. In this paper we compare and contrast the results from the RF power tests of the alumina (97.6% Al2O3) and quartz samples without a coating, “the non-coated samples” and the Alumina and quartz samples with a thick TiN coating in order to evaluate a home made sputtered titanium nitride (TiN) thin layers as a Multipactor suppressor. The effectiveness of this method is presented and discussed in the paper.

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WEPMA033

Utilizing Gas Filled Cavities for the Generation of an Intense Muon Source

proton, cyclotron, cavity, emittance

2829

D. Stratakis
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This manuscript has been authored by employees of Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
A key requirement for designing intense muon sources is operating rf cavities in multi-tesla magnetic fields. Recently, a proof-of-principle experiment demonstrated that an rf cavity filed with high pressure hydrogen gas could meet this goal. In this study, rigorous simulation is used to design and evaluate the performance of an intense muon source with gas filled cavities. We present a new lattice design and compare our results with conventional schemes. We detail the influence of gas pressure on the muon production rate.

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WEPMA046

Studies on Innovative Production methods of HOM Coupler for SRF 9-cell Cavity

HOM, cavity, SRF, controls

2869

K. Nohara, N. Kawabata, K. Miyajima, M. Shinohara
SPS, Funabashi-shi, Japan
H. Hayano, S. Kato, T. Saeki, A. Yamamoto, M. Yamanaka
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Pure Nb as the material of SRF cavity bears hard workability in general. This is why both the inner and outer conductors of HOM coupler for 9-cell cavity have been conventionally produced by full machining, backward extrusion accompanied with annealing and so on. However, in the mass production of 9-cell cavities in ILC, further cost reduction is required. We produced both the inner and outer conductors of HOM coupler for 9-cell cavity in the advanced press forming methods aiming at cost reduction. Press forming of a pure Nb sheet for the outer conductor of HOM coupler was performed with fewer processes free from intermediate annealing and primary machining. For the inner conductor of HOM coupler, water jet cutting and press cold-forging of a plate was performed. The above advanced press forming methods showed favored results, leading to a possibility of simple mass-production of components and cost reduction. The vertical test on a 9-cell cavity with the press formed HOM couplers achieved 36 MV/m that is beyond ILC qualification. The R＆D works are ongoing for further improvement.

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WEPMA057

Development of HTS magnets

dipole, neutron, cyclotron, ion

2905

K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, K. Kamakura, T. Saito, H. Ueda, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

We have been developing magnets utilizing high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wires for this decade. We built three model magnets, a mirror coil for an ECR ion source, a set of coils for a scanning magnet and a super-ferric dipole magnet to generate magnetic field of 3 T. They were excited with AC/pulse currents as well as DC currents. Recently we fabricated a cylindrical magnet for a practical use which polarizes ultracold neutrons (UCN). It consists of 10 double pancakes and the field strength at the center is higher than 3.5 T which is required to fully polarize 210 neV neutrons. It was successfully cooled and excited. The magnet was used to polarized UCN generated by the RCNP-KEK superthermal UCN source, One dipole magnet has been manufactured which is used as a switching magnet after the RCNP ring cyclotron and is excited by pulse currents. It becomes possible to deliver beams to two experimental halls by time sharing. Their designs and performances are presented in the talk.

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WEPMN008

Material Test of Proton Beam Window for CSNS

experiment, proton, neutron, operation

2927

H.J. Wang, L. Kang, H. Qu, L. Wu, D.H. Zhu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The proton beam window (PBW) is one of the key devices of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). Material selection is of particular importance. A5083-O was selected in the previous work, and recently the material tests were done. The tests showed the material has good microstructure, physical and mechanical performance. Creep lifetime was analyzed based on the creep test. All the experiment showed the selected material is qualified.

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WEPMN009

Design and Thermal Analysis of ADS Beam Stop

vacuum, linac, rfq, interface

2931

M.X. Li, J.L. Wang, L. Wu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

ADS beam stop is an important device which required for the commissioning and accelerator tests of Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System (ADS), it is used to stop the beam which power is about 100kW and consume energy of the beam. This paper will present a triangular prism structure of the ADS beam stop, its mechanical design is described in detail, and there are numerous grooves and ribs in the cooling plates which is the core component of the beam stop. The thermal analysis is performed and its result proves that the triangular prism structure meet the design requirement. Key words：Beam stop, ADS, thermal analysis, triangular prism structure.

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WEPMN022

Optimization Design of Ti Cathode in Ceramic Pipe Film Coating Based on the Simulation Result of CST

electron, vacuum, cathode, simulation

2973

J. Wang, L. Fan, Y.Z. Hong, X.T. Pei, Y. Wang, W. Wei, Y.H. Xu, B. Zhang
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China

The injection chamber at Hefei Light Source II (HLS II) consists of four ceramic vacuum chambers whose inner surface were coated with TiN thin film. The cross section of ceramic pipes is special racetrack structure. In order to improve the uniformity of the film, the structure of the cathode Ti plate needed to be optimized. In this article, CST PARTICLE STUDIOTM software had been used to simulate the influence of different target structure on discharge electric field distribution and electrons trajectories. Furthermore, the reliability of the simulation were analysed compared with the experimental results. Also, we put forward the optimization design of Ti cathode structure which could satisfy the requirement of uniformity of the thin film.

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WEPMN055

RAMI Optimization-Oriented Design For The LIPAc RF Power System

controls, rf-amplifier, factory, diagnostics

3048

M. Weber, J.M. Arroyo, A. Ibarra, I. Kirpitchev, J. Mollá, P. Méndez, D. Regidor, C. de la Morena
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain

Funding: This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.
The Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) is currently under construction in Rokkasho (Japan). LIPAc will generate a CW 9 MeV deuteron beam at 125 mA. It will serve to validate the final IFMIF accelerator concept and technologies. The RF power system is being integrated by CIEMAT (Spain) in collaboration with its partner companies and European institutes. LIPAc RF Power System design has been performed aiming high reliability, high availability and easy maintainability to address one of the most important requirements for IFMIF. The target of LIPAc tests is to validate the technologies and designs for the final phase of IFMIF. Several improvements in reliability, availability and maintainability have been implemented in the LIPAc RF power System. These improvements are based on both, new technologies and new maintenance philosophy. The results of their first tests are shown in this paper. Additional potential improvements are also analyzed.

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WEPMN072

Status and Planned Experiments of the Hiradmat Pulsed Beam Material Test Facility at CERN SPS

experiment, proton, electronics, operation

3093

A. Fabich, N. Charitonidis, I. Efthymiopoulos, M. Meddahi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Gianfelice-Wendt
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: EuCARD-2 is co-funded by the partners and the European Commission under Capacities 7th Framework Programme, Grant Agreement 312453.
HiRadMat (High Irradiation to Materials) is a facility at CERN designed to provide high-intensity pulsed beams to an irradiation area where material samples as well as accelerator component assemblies (e.g. vacuum windows, shock tests on high power targets, collimators) can be tested. The beam parameters (SPS 440 GeV protons with a pulse energy of up to 3.4 MJ, or alternatively lead/argon ions at the proton equivalent energy) can be tuned to match the needs of each experiment. It is a test area designed to perform single pulse experiments to evaluate the effect of high-intensity pulsed beams on materials in a dedicated environment, excluding long-time irradiation studies. The facility is designed for a maximum number of 10¹⁶ protons per year, in order to limit the activation of the irradiated samples to acceptable levels for human intervention. This paper will demonstrate the possibilities for research using this facility and go through examples of upcoming experiments scheduled in the beam period 2015/2016.

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WEPHA009

Propagation of Radioactive Contaminants Along the Isolde Beamline

vacuum, ion, simulation, proton

3115

R. Kersevan, M. Ady, A. Dorsival, A. Gottberg, M. Maietta, G. Vandoni
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The vacuum system of RIB facilities is entirely hermetical, with storage of effluents and controlled release to atmosphere after a decay time. In Isolde, distributed primary pumping is sectorized in three parts, but all effluents are conveyed together in a unique tank. Thus, highly contaminated gas from the target and front end may be mixed with less contaminated gas from the beam transfer lines. This study aims at analysing and quantifying the distribution and propagation of neutral rare gas radioactive isotopes along the Isolde beam-line by numerical simulation (steady-state and time resolved Test-Particle Monte-Carlo, Molflow+) and experimental means. The time-resolved Monte-Carlo integrates decay time for the propagating species. To measure the distribution of contaminants, sampling filters are installed at the exhaust of the vacuum turbo-molecular pumps. Comparison between simulation and experiment shows excellent agreement, confirming the pertinence of the Monte-Carlo tool to radioactive species propagation. The filtering effect of magnetic sectors, the RFQ Cooler, and Buncher on the propagating neutral isotopes are quantified.

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WEPHA020

Titanium Coating of Ceramics for Accelerator Applications

vacuum, cathode, Windows, electron

3148

W. Vollenberg, P. Costa Pinto, B. Holliger, A. Sapountzis, M. Taborelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Titanium thin films can be deposited on ceramics, in particular alumina, without adherence problems. Even after air exposure their secondary electron yield is low compared to alumina and can be further reduced by conditioning or beam scrubbing. In addition, depending on the film thickness, titanium provides different surface resistances that fulfil requirements of ceramics in particle accelerators. Titanium thin films (MOhm square range) are used to suppress electron multipacting and evacuate charges from ceramic surfaces. Thicker films (5-25 Ω square range) are applied to lower the surface resistance so that the beam impedance is reduced. In this contribution, we present the results of a development aimed at coating 2-meter long alumina vacuum chambers with a uniform surface resistivity by a dedicated DC magnetron sputtering configuration.

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WEPHA034

Commissioning of the De-ionized Water System for Taiwan Photon Source

booster, controls, photon, storage-ring

3188

W.S. Chan, J.-C. Chang, Y.C. Chang, C.S. Chen, Y.-C. Chung, C.W. Hsu, C.Y. Liu, Z.-D. Tsai
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The de-ionized water (DIW) system plays a critical role in removing waste heat from an accelerator machine. Through years of design and constructs, the DIW system for Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) was complete at the end of 2013, but it is important to confirm that the quantity and quality of DIW comply with the requirements of the accelerator machine. Testing, adjustment and balancing methods have been applied to verify that the DIW system for TPS can provide flow rates greater than 1659, 380, 1284 and 1238 GPM in the individual Cu, Al, RF and booster subsystems. The proposed system can supply DIW of quality such that the resistivity is greater than 10 MΩ-cm at 25±0.1 oC; the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) is less than 10 ppb.

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WEPHA060

5MW Power Upgrade Studies of the ISIS TS1 Target

neutron, proton, scattering, simulation

3253

C. Bungau, A. Bungau, R. Cywinski, T.R. Edgecock
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
C.N. Booth, L. Zang
Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom

The increasing demand for neutron production at the ISIS neutron spallation source has motivated a study of an upgrade of the production target TS1. This study focuses on a 5 MW power upgrade and complete redesign of the ISIS TS1 spallation target, reflector and neutron moderators. The optimisation of the target-moderator arrangement was done in order to obtain the maximum neutron output per unit input power. In addition, at each step of this optimisation study, the heat load and thermal stresses were calculated to ensure the target can sustain the increase in the beam power.

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WEPTY015

Examination of Beryllium under Intense High Energy Proton Beam at CERN's HiRadMat Facility

experiment, proton, Windows, instrumentation

3289

K. Ammigan, B.D. Hartsell, P. Hurh, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
A.R. Atherton
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
M. Butcher, M. Calviani, M. Guinchard, R. Losito
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
O. Caretta, T.R. Davenne, C.J. Densham, M.D. Fitton, P. Loveridge, J. O'Dell
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
V.I. Kuksenko, S.G. Roberts
University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Beryllium is extensively used in various accelerator beam lines and target facilities as material for beam windows, and to a lesser extent, as secondary particle production targets. With increasing beam intensities of future accelerator facilities, it is critical to understand the response of beryllium under extreme conditions to avoid compromising particle production efficiency by limiting beam parameters. As a result, the planned experiment at CERN’s HiRadMat facility will take advantage of the test facility’s tunable high intensity proton beam to probe and investigate the damage mechanisms of several grades of beryllium. The test matrix will consist of multiple arrays of thin discs of varying thicknesses as well as cylinders, each exposed to increasing beam intensities. Online instrumentations will acquire real time temperature, strain, and vibration data of the cylinders, while Post-Irradiation-Examination (PIE) of the discs will exploit advanced microstructural characterization and imaging techniques to analyze grain structures, crack morphology and surface evolution. Details on the experimental design, online measurements and planned PIE efforts are described in this paper.

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WEPTY023

LBNF 1.2 MW Target: Conceptual Design & Fabrication

operation, vacuum, alignment, monitoring

3315

C.F. Crowley, K. Ammigan, K. Anderson, B.D. Hartsell, P. Hurh, J. Hylen, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Fermilab’s Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will utilize a modified design based on the NuMI low energy target that is reconfigured to accommodate beam operation at 1.2 MW. Achieving this power with a graphite target material and ancillary systems originally rated for 400 kW requires several design changes and R&D efforts related to material bonding and electrical isolation. Target cooling, structural design, and fabrication techniques must address higher stresses and heat loads that will be present during 1.2 MW operation, as the assembly will be subject to cyclic loads and thermal expansion. Mitigations must be balanced against compromises in neutrino yield. Beam monitoring and subsystem instrumentation will be updated and added to ensure confidence in target positioning and monitoring. Remote connection to the target hall support structure must provide for the eventual upgrade to a 2.4 MW target design, without producing excessive radioactive waste or unreasonable exposure to technicians during reconfiguration. Current designs and assembly layouts will be presented, in addition to current findings on processes and possibilities for prototype and final assembly fabrication.

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WEPTY025

LBNF Hadron Absorber: Mechanical Design and Analysis for 2.4MW Operation

operation, hadron, shielding, gun

3318

B.D. Hartsell, K. Anderson, J. Hylen, V.I. Sidorov, S. Tariq
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Fermilab’s Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) requires an absorber, essentially a large beam dump consisting of actively cooled aluminum and steel blocks, at the end of the decay pipe to stop leftover beam particles and provide radiation protection to people and groundwater. At LBNF’s final beam power of 2.4 MW and assuming the worst case condition of a 204 m long helium filled decay pipe, the absorber is required to handle a heat load of about 750 kW. This results in significant thermal management challenges which have been mitigated by the addition of an aluminum ‘spoiler’ and ‘sculpting’ the central portion of the aluminum core blocks. These thermal effects induce structural stresses which can lead to fatigue and creep considerations. Various accident conditions are considered and safety systems are planned to monitor operation and any accident pulses. Results from these thermal and structural analyses will be presented as well as the mechanical design of the absorber. The design allows each of the core blocks to be remotely removed and replaced if necessary. A shielded remote handling structure is incorporated to hold the hadron monitor when it is removed from the beam.

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WEPTY060

Virtual Welding as a Tool for Superconducting Cavity Coarse Tuning

cavity, electron, proton, operation

3412

A. Facco, C. Compton, J. Popielarski, G.J. Velianoff
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
Reaching the final frequency in the construction of Superconducting Half-Wave Resonators (HWR), either coaxial or spoke, is often a painful and time consuming process which requires several intermediate frequency tests and parts machining between subsequent welding steps. In spite of that, the final frequency error after final welding is often far from the target due to difficult to predict material contraction and cavity deformation induced by electron beam welding (EBW). Final coarse tuning is required by plastic deformation or differential etching. In coaxial HWR, both can decrease the cavity frequency but are not easily suitable to increase it. A novel method developed at MSU is “virtual” welding, i.e. deformation of the cavity shape by applying systematically EBW on the cavity outer surface to induce controlled Nb material contraction in strategic positions. This technique allows to increase the cavity frequency with excellent precision and predictability, thus simplifying and making less expensive and more reliable HWR coarse tuning. Method and experimental results will be described and discussed.

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WEPTY064

Thermal-mechanical Analysis of the FRIB Nuclear Fragment Separator Dipole Magnet

radiation, dipole, quadrupole, cryogenics

3425

S.A. Kahn, A. Dudas, G. Flanagan
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
R.C. Gupta
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant DE-SC-0006273
Dipole magnets in the fragment separator region of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) are critical elements used to select the desired isotopes. These magnets are subjected to high radiation and heat loads. High temperature superconductors (HTS), which have been shown to be radiation resistant and can operate at 40 K where heat removal is substantially more efficient than 4.5 K where conventional superconductors such as NbTi and Nb3Sn operate, are proposed for the coils. The magnet coils carry large current and will be subjected to large Lorentz forces that must be constrained to avoid distortions of the coils. It is desirable to minimize the use of organic materials in the fabrication of this magnet because of the radiation environment. This paper will describe an approach to support the coils to minimize coil deformation and cryogenic heat loss.

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WEPWI029

Cavity Design, Fabrication and Test Performance of 750 MHz, 4-Rod Separators for CEBAF 4-Hall Beam Delivery System

cavity, simulation, coupling, hardware

3548

H. Wang, G. Cheng, L. Turlington, M.J. Wissmann
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
A short version of the original CEBAF normal conducting 4-rod separator cavity has been developed into a 750MHz one * since the concept of simultaneous 4-hall operation for CEBAF is introduced **. This work has been advanced further based on the EM design optimization, bench measurement and by conducting RF-thermal coupled simulation using CST and ANSYS to confirm the cavity tuning and thermal performance. The cavity fabrication used matured technology like copper plating and machining. The cavity flanges, couplers, tuners and cooling channels adopted consistent/compatible hardware with the existing 500MHz cavities. The electromagnetic and thermal design simulations have greatly reduced the prototyping and bench tuning time of the first prototype. Four production cavities have reached a typical 1.94MV kick voltage or 3.0kW wall loss on each cavity after a minor multipactoring or no processing, 7.5% overhead power than the design specification.
* R. Kazimi et al., IPAC2013, Shanghai, China, pp 2896-2898.
** R. Kazimi, IPAC2013, Shanghai, China, pp 3502-3504.

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THPF008

U²⁸⁺ Intensity Record Applying a H2-Gas Stripper Cell

operation, ion, heavy-ion, acceleration

3693

W.A. Barth, A. Adonin, Ch.E. Düllmann, M. Heilmann, R. Hollinger, E. Jäger, J. Khuyagbaatar, J. Krier, H. Vormann, A. Yakushev
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
P. Scharrer
HIM, Mainz, Germany

Meeting the FAIR science requirements higher beam intensity has to be achieved in the present GSI-accelerator complex. An advanced upgrade program for the UNILAC aimed to meet the FAIR requirements. Stripping is a key technology for all heavy ion accelerators. For this an extensive research and development program was carried out to optimize for high brilliance heavy ion operation. After upgrade of the supersonic N2-gas jet, implementation of high current foil stripping and preliminary investigation of H2 gas jet operation, recently a newly developed H2 gas cell uses a pulsed gas regime synchronized with arrival of the beam pulse. An obviously enhanced stripper gas density as well as a simultaneously reduced gas load for the pumping system result in an increased stripping efficiency, while the beam emittance remains the same. A new record intensity (7.8 emA) for U²⁸⁺ beams at 1.4 MeV/u has been achieved applying the pulsed high density H2 stripper target, while the MeVVa ion source with a newly developed extraction system delivered a high intensity U⁴⁺ beam. The experimental results will be presented in detail.

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THPF010

Simulation and Experimental Investigation of Heavy Ion Induced Desorption from Cryogenic Targets

cryogenics, simulation, ion, experiment

3699

Ch. Maurer, D.H.H. Hoffmann
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
L.H.J. Bozyk, H. Kollmus, Ch. Maurer, P.J. Spiller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung FKZ 06DA7031
Heavy-ion impact induced gas desorption is the key process that drives beam intensity limiting dynamic vacuum losses. Minimizing this effect, by providing low desorption yield surfaces, is an important issue for maintaining a stable ultra high vacuum during operation with medium charge state heavy ions. For room temperature targets, investigation shows a scaling of the desorption yield with the beam's near-surface electronic energy loss, i.e. a decrease with increasing energy*,**. An optimized material for a room temperature ion-catcher has been found. But for the planned superconducting heavy-ion synchrotron SIS100 at the FAIR accelerator complex, the ion catcher system has to work in a cryogenic environment. Desorption measurements with the prototype cryocatcher for SIS100 showed an unexpected energy scaling***, which needs to be explained. Understanding this scaling might lead to a better suited choice of material, resulting in a lower desorption yield. Here, new experimental results will be presented along with insights gained from gas dynamics simulations.
* H. Kollmus et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 773, 207 (2005))
** E. Mahner et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14, 050102 (2011)
*** L.H.J. Bozyk, H. Kollmus, P.J. Spiller, Proc. of IPAC 2012, p. 3239

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THPF018

Simulation Studies of Plasma-based Charge Strippers

plasma, electron, ion, heavy-ion

3721

O.S. Haas
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Calculations on the charge state distributions in different charge stripping media are presented. The main focus of this work is the width and peak efficiency of the final charge state distribution. For equal number densities fully-stripped plasma stripping media achieve much higher charge states than gas stripping media of the same nuclear charge. This is due to the reduced electron capture rates of free target electrons compared to bound target electrons. Furthermore, targets with low nuclear charge like hydrogen achieve higher charge states than targets with high nuclear charge like nitrogen in the case of both a plasma and a gas target. Equal final mean charge states can thus be achieved with lower density for plasmas and targets with low nuclear charge. The widths of the charge state distributions are very similar, slightly smaller for plasmas due to the different scaling of the dielectronic recombination rate. In comparison with calculations and measurements published in literature this work underestimates the width of targets with higher nuclear charge like, e.g., nitrogen gas. This is mainly due to the omission of multiple loss processes in the presented calculations. In the future we intend to expand the methods and models used in this work to improve the agreement with different measurements on charge state distributions in plasmas and gases.

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THPF030

Antiproton Acceleration and Deceleration in the HESR

antiproton, lattice, acceleration, dipole

3758

B. Lorentz, T. Katayama, A. Lehrach, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, R. Stassen, H. Stockhorst, R. Tölle
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

The High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) is a part of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The ring is used for hadron physics experiments with a pellet target and the PANDA detector, and will supply antiprotons of momenta from 1.5 GeV/c to 15 GeV/c. To cover the whole energy range a flexible adjustment of transition energy and the corresponding gamma-t value is foreseen. For Injection and Accumulation of Antiprotons delivered from the CR at a momentum of 3.8 GeV/c (gamma=4.2), the HESR optics will be tuned to gamma-t=6.2. For deceleration down to a momentum of 1.5 GeV/c this optic is suitable as well. Stochastic cooling at an intermediate energy is required to avoid beam losses caused by adiabatic growth of the beam during deceleration. For acceleration to 8 GeV/c (gamma=8.6) the optics will be changed after accumulation of the antiproton beam to gamma-t=14.6. For momenta higher than 8 GeV/c the beam will be debunched at 8 GeV/c, optics will be changed to gamma-t=6.2, and after adiabatic rebunching the beam will be accelerated to 15 GeV/c (gamma=16). Simulations show the feasibility of the described procedures with practically no beam losses.

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THPF038

RIB Transport and Selection for the SPES Project

rfq, emittance, simulation, ion

3782

M. Comunian, L. Bellan, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
A.D. Russo
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

The SPES project, at Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL) in Italy, is a RIB ISOL facility for the production and acceleration of “neutron-rich” radioactive ion beams. The beam dynamics of the re-accelerator part is presented with the focus on the preselection and transfer to the charge breeder device and from this device to the CW RFQ used as injector to the LNL linac ALPI.

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THPF070

Prototyping Progress of SSR1 Single Spoke Resonator for RAON

cavity, simulation, vacuum, ion

3842

H.J. Cha, H. Kim, H.J. Kim, W.K. Kim, G.-T. Park
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

The fabrication of prototypes for four different types of superconducting cavities (QWR, HWR, SSR1, and SSR2) for the Korean heavy ion accelerator, “RAON” is in progress. In this presentation, we report the current status of the SSR1 cavity (β=0.3 and f=325 MHz) prototype fabrication based on the technical designs. The simulation results on the target frequency determination for the clamp-up test of the prototype are also given.

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THPF072

Beam Optics of RISP Linac using Dynac Code

linac, simulation, rfq, cavity

3845

J.-H. Jang, I.S. Hong, H. Jang, D. Jeon, H. Jin, H.J. Kim
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the Rare Isotope Science Project of Institute for Basic Science funded by Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning.
The RISP (Rare Isotope Science Project) is developing a superconducting linac which accelerates uranium beams up to 200MeV/u with the beam power of 400kW. The linac consists of an injector which includes an ECR ion source and an RFQ, and superconducting cavities which include QWR (Quarter Wave Resonator), HWR (Half Wave Resonator), and SSR (Single Spoke Resonator). Up to HWR, two charge state beams will be accelerated to achieve the required beam current and then five charge state beams will be used to obtain the higher acceleration efficiency. In this work, we performed the beam optics calculation by using a beam dynamics code DYNAC in order to study a possibility of the code as an online model. We compared the results with the calculation in the baseline design by TRACK code.

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THPF080

Status of the ESS Accelerator Construction Project

klystron, linac, proton, beam-transport

3870

M. Lindroos, H. Danared, R. Garoby, D.P. McGinnis, E. Tanke
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European spallation source is now under construction just outside in Lund in Sweden. The driver is a 5 MW linac operating at a duty factor of 4% and at 2 GeV. The detailed design of the buildings is just being completed, and the casting of the accelerator tunnel has started. The accelerator design is getting mature with the major parts under prototyping. A challenging aspect of the project is the large percentage of in-kind contributions. For the accelerator this is now reaching 47% percent in pre commitments by institutes and universities in the ESS member states. We will in this paper give an overview of the ESS accelerator design, the status of prototyping and the organization of the in-kind accelerator construction project.

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THPF081

On the Suitability of a Solenoid Horn for the ESS Neutrino Superbeam

solenoid, focusing, linac, detector

3873

M. Olvegård, T.J.C. Ekelöf, R.J.M.Y. Ruber, V.G. Ziemann
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
J.-P. Koutchouk
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The European Spallation Source (ESS), now under construction in Lund, Sweden, offers unique opportunities for experimental physics, not only in neutron science but potentially in particle physics. The ESS neutrino superbeam project plans to use a 5 MW proton beam from the ESS linac to generate a high intensity neutrino superbeam, with the final goal of detecting leptonic CP-violation in an underground megaton Cherenkov water detector. The neutrino production requires a second target station and a complex focusing system for the pions emerging from the target. The normal-conducting magnetic horns that are normally used for these applications cannot accept the 2.86 ms long proton pulses of the ESS linac, which means that pulse shortening in an accumulator ring would be required. That, in turn, requires H⁻ operation in the linac to accommodate the high intensity. As an attractive alternative, we investigate the possibility of using superconducting solenoids for the pion focusing. This solenoid horn system needs to also separate positive and negative pion charge as completely as possible, in order to generate separately neutrino and anti-neutrino beams. We present here progress in the study of such a solenoid horn.

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THPF092

European Spallation Source Lattice Design Status

linac, lattice, DTL, quadrupole

3911

Y.I. Levinsen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
H. Danared, R. De Prisco, M. Eshraqi, R. Miyamoto, M. Muñoz, A. Ponton, E. Sargsyan
ESS, Lund, Sweden
S.P. Møller, H.D. Thomsen
ISA, Aarhus, Denmark

The European Spallation Source will offer an unprecedented beam power for spallation sources of 5 MW. The accelerator will deliver a proton beam of 62.5 mA peak current and 2.0 GeV onto the spallation target. Since the technical design report (TDR) was published in 2013, work has continued to further optimize the accelerator design. We report on the advancements in lattice design optimizations after the TDR to improve performance and flexibility, and reduce cost of the ESS accelerator.

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THPF100

Status of the ESSnuSB Accumulator

linac, injection, lattice, proton

3942

E.H.M. Wildner, B.J. Holzer, M. Martini, Y. Papaphilippou, H.O. Schönauer
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
T.J.C. Ekelöf, M. Olvegård, R.J.M.Y. Ruber
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
M. Eshraqi
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a research center based on the world's most powerful neutron source currently under construction in Lund, Sweden. 2.0 GeV, 2.86 ms long proton pulses at 14 Hz are produced for the spallation facility (5MW on target). The possibility to pulse the linac at higher frequency to deliver, in parallel with the spallation neutron production, a very intense, cost effective, high performance neutrino beam. Short pulses on the target require an accumulator ring. The optimization of the accumulator lattice to store these high intensity beams from the linac (1.1x10¹⁵ protons per pulse) has to take into account the space available on the ESS site, transport of H⁻ beams (charge exchange injection), radiation and shielding needs. Space must be available in the ring for collimation and an RF system for the extraction gap and loss control. We present the status of the accumulator for ESS neutrino facility.

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THPF102

Verification of the Neutron Mirror Capabilities in MCNPX via Gold Foil Measurements at the EIGER Instrument Beamline at the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ)

neutron, simulation, proton, scattering

3949

R.M. Bergmann, U. Filges, S.H. Forss, E. Rantsiou, D. Reggiani, T. Reiss, U. Stuhr, V. Talanov, M. Wohlmuther
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The EIGER triple-axis thermal neutron spectrometer beamline contains “supermirror” neutron guides, which preferentially reflect low-energy neutrons toward the EIGER spectrometer that come from the ambient temperature, light water neutron source in SINQ. Gold foil measurements have been performed at the EIGER beamline in 2013. This process can be modeled from incident proton to thermal neutron exiting the EIGER beamline by using the neutron mirror capabilities of MCNPX, which should be more accurate than simulations with simplified neutron source distributions and geometry representations. The supermirror reflectivity parameters have been measured previously and are used in MCNPX 2.7.0 to reproduce the activity measured from the gold foil irradiation, verifying the neutron mirror modeling capabilities in MCNPX 2.7.0.

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THPF119

Transfer Line Design for PIP-II Project

linac, booster, injection, quadrupole

3989

A. Vivoli, J. Hunt, D.E. Johnson, V.A. Lebedev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The recent U.S. Particle Physics Community P5 report encouraged the realization of the Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) project to support future neutrino programs in the United States. PIP-II includes the construction of a new 800 MeV H⁻ Superconducting (SC) Linac at Fermilab and an upgrade of its current accelerator complex mostly focused on upgrades of the Booster and Main Injector synchrotrons. The SC Linac will initially operate in pulsed mode at 20 Hz. The design should be compatible with upgrades to CW mode and higher energy. A new transport line will connect the Linac to the Booster. This line has to provide adequate collimation and be instrumented for beam parameter measurements. In addition, to support beam based Linac energy stabilization, the line should provide a mechanism to redirect the beam from the dump to the Booster within one pulse. In this paper we present the design of the transport line developed to meet the above requirements. Tracking simulations results are reported to confirm the validity of the design.

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THPF120

Design of the LBNF Beamline

proton, shielding, operation, experiment

3992

V. Papadimitriou, R. Andrews, J. Hylen, T.R. Kobilarcik, G.E. Krafczyk, A. Marchionni, C.D. Moore, P. Schlabach, S. Tariq
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will utilize a beamline located at Fermilab to carry out a compelling research program in neutrino physics. The facility will aim a wide band neutrino beam toward underground detectors placed at the SURF Facility in South Dakota, about 1,300 km away. The main elements of the facility are a primary proton beamline and a neutrino beamline. The primary proton beam (60-120 GeV) will be extracted from the MI-10 section of Fermilab’s Main Injector. Neutrinos are produced after the protons hit a solid target and produce mesons which are subsequently focused by magnetic horns into a 204m long decay pipe where they decay into muons and neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined taking into account the physics goals, spacial and radiological constraints and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The initial proton beam power is expected to be 1.2 MW, however the facility is designed to be upgradeable to 2.4 MW. We discuss here the design status and the associated challenges as well as plans for improvements before baselining the facility.

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THPF123

Modeling Proton- and Light Ion-Induced Reactions at Low Energies in the MARS15 Code

proton, neutron, ion, light-ion

4003

I.L. Rakhno, N.V. Mokhov
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
K. K. Gudima
Institute of Applied Physics, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

Funding: This work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Correct predictions of secondary particles generated in proton-nucleus interactions below a few tens of MeV is required for radiation studies for front-end of many proton accelerators, energy deposition studies for detectors, radiation damage calculations. Cascade models of various flavors fail to properly describe this energy region. Therefore, we opted to use the existing TENDL library provided in the ENDF/B format in the energy range from 1 to 200 MeV. A much more time-consuming approach utilized in a modified code ALICE was also looked at. For both the options, the energy and angle distributions of all secondary particles are described with the Kalbach-Mann systematics. The following secondaries are taken into account: gammas, nucleons, deuterons, tritons, He-3, He-4 and all generated residual nuclei. Comparisons with experimental data for both the options are presented. The corresponding software is written in C++. Initialization of required evaluated data is performed dynamically whenever the modeling code encounters a nuclide not accounted for yet. It enables us to significantly reduce the amount of requested memory for extended systems with large number of materials.

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THPF124

Energy Deposition and Radiological Studies for the LBNF Hadron Absorber

hadron, operation, radiation, shielding

4007

I.L. Rakhno, N.V. Mokhov, I.S. Tropin
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
Y.I. Eidelman
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA

Funding: This work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Results of optimization energy deposition and radiological studies performed for the LBNF hadron absorber system are presented. The model of the LBNF complex starting from the beam extraction from the Main Injector and primary beam line through the pion-production target, focusing horns, target chase, decay channel, hadron absorber system with its beam instrumentation and civil infrastructure – all with corresponding radiation shielding – was developed using the ROOT-based geometry option in the MARS15 code. Both normal operation and accidental conditions were studied for the 120-GeV proton beam at 2.4 MW. Various design options were considered, in particular: (i) the absorber mask material and shape; (ii) the beam spoiler material and size; (iii) sculpted core aluminum blocks; (iv) various configurations of the core and its shielding and (v) numerous modifications of the overall system configurations. These helped find the optimal design solution for the absorber lifetime and radiation levels in the service building and environment to be within the design goals with an adequate safety margin.

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THPF128

Accelerator Physics and Technology Research Toward Future Multi-MW Proton Accelerators

proton, electron, SRF, experiment

4019

V.D. Shiltsev, P. Hurh, A. Romanenko, A. Valishev, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Fermi Research Alliance, LLC operates Fermilab under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy
Recent P5 report indicated the accelerator-based neutrino and rare decay physics research as a centrepiece of the US domestic HEP program. Operation, upgrade and development of the accelerators for the near-term and longer-term particle physics program at the Intensity Frontier face formidable challenges. Here we discuss accelerator physics and technology research toward future multi-MW proton accelerators.

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THPF142

High Intensity Source of He Negative Ions

ion, ion-source, polarization, electron

4057

V.G. Dudnikov
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
A.V. Dudnikov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
V.S. Morozov
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

He- ion can be formed by an attachment of additional electron to the excited metastable 23S1 He atom. Electron affinity in this metastable He- ion is A=0.08 eV with excitation energy 19.8 eV. Production of He- ions is difficult because the formation probability is very small but destruction probability is very high. Efficiency of He- ions generation was improved by using of an alkali vapor targets for charge exchange He- sources. Low current He- beams were used in tandem accelerators for research and technological diagnostics (Rutherford scattering). The development of high-intensity high-brightness arc-discharge ion sources at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) has opened up an opportunity for efficient production of more intense and more brighter He- beam which can be used for alpha particles diagnostics in a fusion plasma and for realization of a new type of a polarized 3He− ion source. This report discusses the high intense He- beams production and a polarized 3He− ion source based on the large difference of extra-electron auto-detachment lifetimes of the different 3He− ion hyperfine states.

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FRYGB1

High Power Proton Beam Facilities: Operational Experience, Challenges, and the Future

proton, hardware, rfq, operation

4102

S.M. Cousineau
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

High power proton accelerators are increasingly popular as drivers for secondary beams with a large variety of applications, such as neutron sources for materials science and neutrino factories for high energy physics. In the last few decades, average beam powers have increased substantially, giving rise to an array of challenges centered on providing high beam power and availability while maintaining low activation levels. This talk summarizes the current status of high power proton accelerators. It discusses recent operational experiences and lessons learned, and identifies the primary hardware and beam dynamics limitations. A brief review of planned next generation facilities and driving technologies is also presented.

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