A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   K   L   M   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W    

vacuum

            
Paper Title Other Keywords Page
MOXBCH01 Industrial Technology for Unprecendented Energy and Luminosity: the Large Hadron Collider hadron, collider, cryogenics 6
 
  • P. Lebrun
    CERN, Geneva
  With over 2.7 billion Swiss francs procurement contracts under execution in industry and the installation of major technical systems proceeding in its first 3.3 km sector, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) construction is now in full swing at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research. The LHC is not only the most challenging particle accelerator under construction, it is also the largest global project ever for a scientific instrument based on advanced technology. Starting from accelerator performance requirements, we recall how these can be met by an appropriate combination of technologies, such as high-field superconducting magnets, superfluid helium cryogenics, beam and insulation vacuum or power electronics, with particular emphasis on the developments required to meet demanding specifications, and the industrialization issues which had to be solved for achieving series production of precision components under tight quality assurance and within limited resources. This provides the opportunity for reviewing the production status of the different systems and the progress of the project.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
MOYCH01 The TESLA XFEL Project linac, hadron, collider, cryogenics 11
 
  • H. Weise
    DESY, Hamburg
  The overall layout of the X-Ray FEL to be built in international collaboration at DESY will be described. This includes the envisaged operation parameters for the linear accelerator which will use TESLA technology. Main emphasis is put on the specification of the superconducting accelerator modules. Other linac components will be described as well. Work packages needed to finalize the linac design will be presented. A summary of the status of the preparation work will be given.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
MOYCH02 Physics Challenges for ERL Light Sources hadron, collider, extraction, cryogenics 16
 
  • L. Merminga
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  We present an overview of the physics challenges encountered in the design and operation of Energy Recovering Linac (ERL) based light sources. These challenges include the generation and preservation of low emittance, high-average current beams, manipulating and preserving the transverse and longitudinal phase space, control of the multipass beam breakup instability, efficient extraction of higher order mode power and RF control and stability of the superconducting cavities. These key R&D issues drive the design and technology choices for proposed ERL light sources. Simulations and calculations of these processes will be presented and compared with experimental data obtained at the Jefferson Lab FEL Upgrade, a 10 mA ERL light source presently in commissioning, and during a 1 GeV demonstration of energy recovery at CEBAF.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
MOPKF031 SOLEIL Insertion Devices: The Progress Report wiggler, insertion, radiation, damping 369
 
  • O.V. Chubar, C. Benabderrahmane, A. Dael, M.-P. Level, O. Marcouillé, M. Massal
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
  The French national synchrotron radiation source SOLEIL is planned to start operation in 2006 with several different insertion devices installed in the storage ring either from "day one" or within the first year. The list of high-priority insertion devices includes: 3 planar hybrid in-vacuum undulators with the period of 20 mm; 3 Apple-II type PPM undulators with the period of 80 mm; 3 electromagnet elliptical undulators with the period of 256 mm, and a 640 mm period elliptical electromagnet undulator offering advanced possibilities for fine-tuning of polarization states of the emitted radiation. The emission of all these undulators is covering wide spectral range extending from hard X-rays to UV. Pre-design of the IDs was done by SOLEIL. The construction will be done by industrial companies and institutions with production capabilities. Magnetic assembly of the Apple-II and in-vacuum undulators is planned to be done in collaboration with ELETTRA and ESRF. The final magnetic measurements of all the IDs will be made in the SOLEIL magnetic measurements laboratory. The paper will present peculiarities of the magnetic design, calculated maximum-flux spectra and associated heat load in various modes of operation.  
 
MOPKF036 Wideband Infrared FEL injection, undulator, booster, wiggler 384
 
  • J.-M. Ortega, F. Glotin, R. Prazeres
    LURE, Orsay
  The infrared free-electron laser offers the advantage of a potential large tunability since the FEL gain itself remains subtantially high throughout the infrared spectral range, provided that the electron beam quality remains sufficient at low energy. Moreover, the reflectivity of metal mirrors used in the optical cavity remains close to unity from the near infrared up to the microwave range. The main limitation comes from the diffraction of the optical beam due to the finite size of the vacuum chamber of the undulator and other optical cavity elements. The undulator magnetic gap, and thus magnetic chamber inner heigth, cannot be made arbitrarily large since one needs a K parameter sufficiently large to produce a large wavength tunability (typically K > 2). The diffraction losses can however be further reduced by using an elliptical vacuum chamber inside the undulator and elliptical, instead of spherical, mirrors. Then the optical beam is partially guided inside the chamber. Working in this regime at CLIO, we have obtained an FEL tunable from 3 to 120 μm by operating the accelerator between 50 and 14 MeV. This is the largest spectral range ever obtained with a single optical cavity. We plan to use larger mirrors to further reduce the diffraction produced at the edges of the undulator chambers in order to increase the maximum wavelength to approximately 200 μm  
 
MOPKF037 FERMI@ELETTRA: 100 nm - 10 nm Single Pass FEL User Facility injection, booster, wiggler, linac 387
 
  • R.J. Bakker, C. Bocchetta, P. Craievich, G. D'Auria, M. Danailov, G. De Ninno, S. Di Mitri, B. Diviacco, G. Pangon, L. Rumiz, L. Tosi, V. Verzilov, D. Zangrando
    ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
  The FERMI@ELETTRA project is an initiative from ELETTRA, INFM and other Italian institutes, to construct a single-pass FEL user-facility for the wavelength range from 100 nm (12 eV) to 10 nm (124 eV), to be located next to the third-generation synchrotron radiation facility ELETTRA in Trieste, Italy. The project is concentrated around the existing 1.2-GeV S-band linac, i.e., the injector for the storage ring. Presently the linac is only operational for approximately 2 hours per day. The remaining time is available for the construction and operation of an FEL but modifications and operation must be planned such that operation of the storage ring can be guaranteed until the completion of a new full-energy injector (spring 2006). At this moment the FEL project evolves from a conceptional design stage towards a technical design and the actual implementation. Key issues are: incorporation of the free-electron laser in the infrastructure of the Sincrotrone Trieste, adjustments of the linac to facilitate FEL operation, required additional civil engineering, undulator design, FEL seeding options, and beamline design. This paper serves as an overview of the project in combination with a discussion of the critical issues involved.  
 
MOPKF039 The ELETTRA Superconducting Wiggler injection, booster, linac, damping 390
 
  • L. Tosi, C. Knapic, D. Zangrando
    ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
  A 3.5 Tesla 64 mm period superconducting wiggler has been installed in the ELETTRA storage ring as a photon source for a future X-ray diffraction beamline. After several technological upgrades, a series of measurements were carried out to characterize the device and its effects on the electron beam, such as optics distortion and dynamic aperture. A description of the upgrades and measurements are presented.  
 
MOPKF042 Status of the SPARC Project injection, electron, booster, linac 399
 
  • M. Ferrario, D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, S. Bertolucci, M.E. Biagini, R. Boni, M. Boscolo, M. Castellano, A. Clozza, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, A. Esposito, D. Filippetto, V. Fusco, A. Gallo, A. Ghigo, S. Guiducci, M. Incurvati, C. Ligi, F. Marcellini, L. Pellegrino, M.A. Preger, R. Ricci, C. Sanelli, M. Serio, F. Sgamma, B. Spataro, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, F. Tazzioli, C. Vaccarezza, M. Vescovi, C. Vicario
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • F. Alessandria, A. Bacci, M. Mauri
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  • I. Boscolo, F. Brogli, S. Cialdi, C. De Martinis, D. Giove, C. Maroli, V. Petrillo, M. Romé, L. Serafini
    INFN-Milano, Milano
  • L. Catani, E.C. Chiadroni, A. Cianchi, S. Tazzari
    Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma
  • F. Ciocci, G. Dattoli, A. Doria, F. Flora, G.P. Gallerano, L. Giannessi, E. Giovenale, G. Messina, L. Mezi, P.L. Ottaviani, L. Picardi, M. Quattromini, A. Renieri, C. Ronsivalle
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
  • D. Dowell, P. Emma, C. Limborg-Deprey, D. Palmer
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • D. Levi, M. Mattioli, G. Medici
    Università di Roma I La Sapienza, Roma
  • M.  Migliorati, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo
    Rome University La Sapienza, Roma
  • P. Musumeci, J. Rosenzweig
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California
  • M. Nisoli, S. Stagira, S. de Silvestri
    Politecnico/Milano, Milano
  The aim of the SPARC project is to promote an R&D activity oriented to the development of a high brightness photoinjector to drive SASE-FEL experiments at 500 nm and higher harmonics generation. It has been proposed by a collaboration among ENEA-INFN-CNR-Universita‘ di Roma Tor Vergata-INFM-ST and funded by the Italian Government with a 3 year time schedule. The machine will be installed at LNF, inside an existing underground bunker. It is comprised of an rf gun driven by a Ti:Sa laser to produce 10-ps flat top pulses on the photocathode, injecting into three SLAC accelerating sections. We foresee conducting investigations on the emittance correction and on the rf compression techniques up to kA level. The SPARC photoinjector can be used also to investigate beam physics issues like surface-roughness-induced wake fields, bunch-length measurements in the sub-ps range, emittance degradation in magnetic compressors due to CSR. We present in this paper the status of the design activities of the injector and of the undulator. The first test on diagnostic prototypes and the first experimental achievements of the flat top laser pulse production are also discussed.  
 
MOPKF043 An Ultra-high Brightness, High Duty Factor, Superconducting RF Photoinjector injection, booster, damping, alignment 402
 
  • M. Ferrario
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • J. Rosenzweig
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California
  • J. Sekutowicz
    DESY, Hamburg
  Recent advances in superconducting rf technology, and an improved understanding of rf photoinjector design optimization make if possible to propose a specific design for a superconducting rf gun which can simultaneously produce both ultra-high peak brightness, and high average current. Such a device may prove to be a critical component of next generation x-ray sources such as self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron lasers (SASE FEL) and energy recovery linac (ERL) based systems. The design presented is scaled from the present state-of-the-art normal conducting rf photoinjector that has been studied in the context of the LCLS SASE FEL. Issues specific to the superconducing rf photoinjector, such as accelerating gradient limit, rf cavity design, and compatibility with magnetic focusing and laser excitation of a photocathode, are discussed.  
 
MOPKF044 Wake Fields Effects in the Photoinjector of the SPARC Project injection, booster, damping, alignment 405
 
  • V. Fusco, M. Ferrario, B. Spataro
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • M.  Migliorati, L. Palumbo
    Rome University La Sapienza, Roma
  When a bunch travels off axis across structures whose shape is not uniform, such as RF cavity or bellows, generates longitudinal and transverse wake fields. In addition transverse time dependent fields (like transverse RF components and wake fields ) may induce correlated slice centroids displacement, so that each slice centroid motion become affected also by space charge forces generated by the next slices. An evaluation of the emittance degradation and induced energy spread in the SPARC injector is performed with an improved version of the code Homdyn and the results are discussed. A comparison with other codes (ABCI, PARMELA 3D) to validate our model is also presented.  
 
MOPKF045 Cesium Telluride and Metals Photoelectron Thermal Emittance Measurements Using a Time-of-flight Spectrometer injection, booster, emittance, damping 408
 
  • D. Sertore, D. Favia, P. Michelato, L. Monaco, P. Pierini
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  The thermal emittance of photoemitted electrons in an RF gun is a crucial parameter for short wavelength FELs and future high luminosity electron colliders. An estimate of the thermal emittance of semiconductor and metal samples, commonly used as photocathodes, has been assessed using a Time-Of-Flight spectrometer. In this paper we present the analysis, based on angle resolved photoemission measurements, of both the cesium telluride (Cs2Te) photocathode films as used at the TESLA Test Facility, and polycrystalline metals. These latter measurements, at different laser wavelengths, are used to validate both our experimental apparatus and the thermal emittance reconstruction technique developed.  
 
MOPKF047 Suppression of Stored Beam Oscillation Excited by Beam Injection gun, emittance, booster, cathode 414
 
  • T. Ohshima, N. Kumagai, M. Masaki, S. Matsui, H. Ohkuma, K. Soutome, M. Takao, H. Tanaka
    JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo
  Top-up operation is scheduled from May 2004 at SPring-8. For this operation it is important that frequent beam injections should not excite the oscillation of stored beams. However, injection bump orbit was not closed perfectly and residual beam oscillations lead to increase of effective beam sizes by twice and three times in the horizontal and vertical direction respectively. We are trying to reduce these excited oscillations to less than one third of the usual beam sizes. For the suppression of horizontal one, we applied a novel scheme to reduce the effect due to the nonlinearity of sextupole magnets by adjusting the strength ratio of the sextupoles. The field similarity of bump magnets was also improved by replacing them with newly designed ones, where the effect of eddy current at the end plates was reduced. These countermeasures suppressed the horizontal oscillation by about one order. For the suppression of vertical one, the excitation mechanism has being investigated in detail. Presently the tilt angle adjustment of bump magnets reduced the vertical oscillation by one third. For further reduction of these oscillations, corrections with pulse-magnets is under investigation.  
 
MOPLT058 Status of CTF3 Stretcher-compressor and Transfer Line background, wiggler, extraction, undulator 686
 
  • A. Ghigo, D. Alesini, C. Biscari, A. Clozza, A. Drago, A. Gallo, F. Marcellini, C. Milardi, B. Preger, M.A. Preger, C. Sanelli, M. Serio, F. Sgamma, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, M. Zobov
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • R. Corsini, G. Geschonke
    CERN, Geneva
  The first part of the CTF3 transfer line is under installation. It includes a chicane which, because of its very flexible lattice and large aperture vacuum chamber, can change the bunch length in a wide range. The chicane can be used as a stretcher to lengthen the pulses coming from the linac in order to reduce the coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the recombination rings. A possible use as a bunch compressor is also foreseen in order to make CSR experiments and to characterize beam instrumentation. This paper describes the final design of the vacuum chambers, including beam diagnostics components, and their laboratory tests. The installation status of the magnetic and vacuum chamber components together with the ancillary systems is reported.  
 
MOPLT059 Design Options for the RF Deflector of the CTF3 Delay Loop background, wiggler, undulator, resonance 689
 
  • F. Marcellini, D. Alesini
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  Injection and extraction of bunch trains in the CTF3 Delay Loop for the recombination between adjacent bunch trains is performed by a specially designed RF deflector. A standing wave structure has been chosen. Three possible solutions have been studied and designed, and a comparative analysis is presented. All of them satisfy the essential requirements of the system up to the maximum foreseen energy with the existing klystron.  
 
MOPLT060 New RF Measuring System for Cavity Characterization background, wiggler, undulator, resonance 692
 
  • S. Stark, G. Bisoffi, l. Boscagli, V. Palmieri, A.M. Porcellato
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  New computer based mobile measuring system for laboratory and online characterization of superconducting cavities has been put into operation at LNL. The system covers the frequency range from 80 to 350 MHz and represents a reliable, fast and precise instrument for cavity testing. The list of automatic and semiautomatic procedures includes line calibrations, frequency sweep, decay time measurement, Q(Eacc) curve acquisition and pulse conditioning.  
 
MOPLT061 Design Study for Advanced Acceleration Experiments and Monochromatic X-ray Production @ SPARC background, wiggler, undulator, resonance 695
 
  • L. Serafini, S. Cialdi, R. Pozzoli, M. Romé
    INFN-Milano, Milano
  • D. Alesini, S. Bertolucci, M.E. Biagini, C. Biscari, R. Boni, M. Boscolo, M. Castellano, A. Clozza, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, A. Esposito, M. Ferrario, V. Fusco, A. Gallo, A. Ghigo, S. Guiducci, M. Incurvati, C. Ligi, F. Marcellini, M.  Migliorati, C. Milardi, L. Palumbo, L. Pellegrino, M.A. Preger, P. Raimondi, R. Ricci, C. Sanelli, M. Serio, F. Sgamma, B. Spataro, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, F. Tazzioli, C. Vaccarezza, M. Vescovi, C. Vicario, M. Zobov
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • F. Alessandria, A. Bacci, F. Broggi, C. De Martinis, D. Giove, M. Mauri
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  • R. Bonifacio, I. Boscolo, C. Maroli, V. Petrillo, N. Piovella
    Universita' degli Studi di Milano, MILANO
  • A. Mostacci
    Rome University La Sapienza, Roma
  We present a design study for an upgrade of the SPARC photo-injector system, whose main aim is the construction of an advanced beam test facility for conducting experiments on high gradient plasma acceleration and for the generation of monochromatic X-ray beams to be used in advanced medical applications and condensed matter physics studies. Main components of the proposed plan of upgrade are: two additional beam lines with interaction regions for synchronized high brightness electron and high intensity photon beams and the upgrade of the SPARC Ti:Sa laser system to reach a multi-TW power level (in excess of 1 J in pulse energy). Results of numerical simulations modeling the interaction of the SPARC electron beam and the counter-propagating laser beam are presented with detailed discussion of the monochromatic X-ray beam spectra generated by Compton backscattering: X-ray energies are tunable in the range 20 to 500 keV, with pulse duration from sub-ps to 30 ps. Preliminary simulations of plasma acceleration of the SPARC electron beam, generated in ultra-short bunches, via the LWF mechanism and with external injection are also shown: experiments of self-injection are also foreseen and illustrated.  
 
MOPLT062 The Design of a Prototype RF Compressor for High Brightness Electron Beams background, wiggler, undulator, resonance 698
 
  • D. Giove, F. Alessandria, A. Bacci, C. De Martinis, M. Mauri
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  • D. Alesini, M. Ferrario, A. Gallo, F. Marcellini
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • L. Serafini
    INFN-Milano, Milano
  The generation of sub-ps electron bunches with low transverse emittance at nC charge level is a crucial requirement in the design of injectors for short wavelength FEL's. The technique of velocity bunching has been by now experimentally proven in various laboratories, where bunches below the ps bunch length were obtained: however, preservation of a low transverse emittance after the bunch compression is still to be demonstrated. To this aim, the use a slow wave RF structure as a rectilinear compressor has been proposed in the past to overcome the inherent difficulties of magnetic compressors. In this paper we will review the work carried out in the last 2 years and focused on the design a RF compressor based on a 3 GHz slow-wave copper structure. The rationale of the conceptual design along with a description of the main experimental activities will be presented and the future application of such a scheme to the SPARC project will be discussed.  
 
MOPLT063 Reconfigurable Hardware Resources in Accelerator Control Systems background, wiggler, undulator, resonance 701
 
  • D. Giove, C. De Martinis, M. Mauri
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  The development of modern accelerator control systems has taken advantage of the possibility to use standard architecture designs based on the experience gained in industrial applications. Communication buses, board formats, operating systems, network protocols and operator interface software are the main elements of this new approach. In this paper we will discuss the way to apply this method also to the design of electronic boards which call for custom design of particular circuits and capabilities. The use of FPGA based standard modules along with the possibility to customize them using a standard LabVIEW environment to obtain reconfigurable hardware resources will be presented.  
 
MOPLT066 Induction Accelerating Cavity for a Circular Ring Accelerator background, wiggler, undulator, resonance 704
 
  • K. Torikai, Y.A. Arakida, T. Kono, K. Koseki, E. Nakamura, Y. Shimosaki, K. Takayama, T. Toyama, M. Wake
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • J. Kishiro
    JAERI/LINAC, Ibaraki-ken
  This paper reports details of an induction accelerating cavity employed for induction synchrotron POP experiments [*] using the KEK 12GeV PS. This cavity is the first induction cavity in the history of accelerator that is used in a circular ring. We focus our attention on crucial aspects distinguished from well-know properties of RF cavity. The single cavity is capable of generating an acceleration voltage of 2.5kV with a pulse width of 250ns, which is operated at a repetition　rate in the range of 667kHz - 882kHz. The cavity is driven by its own pulse modulator through a 25m long transmission cable of 125W, the end of which is connected with a matching resistance so as to minimize reflection in a wide range of frequency. Accelerating field characteristics are discussed and matching features of the cavity as a one-to-one transformer are presented. A longitudinal and transverse coupling impedance have been measured using a net-work analyzer.

* K.Takayama et al., 'POP Experiments of the Induction Synchrotron' in this conference

 
 
MOPLT067 KEKB Performance background, wiggler, undulator, resonance 707
 
  • Y. Funakoshi, K. Akai, K. Ebihara, K. Egawa, A. Enomoto, J. Flanagan, H. Fukuma, K.  Furukawa, T. Furuya, J. Haba, S. Hiramatsu, T. Ieiri, N. Iida, H. Ikeda, T. Kageyama, S. Kamada, T. Kamitani, S. Kato, M. Kikuchi, E. Kikutani, H. Koiso, M. Masuzawa, T. Mimashi, A. Morita, T. Nakamura, H. Nakayama, Y. Ogawa, K. Ohmi, Y. Ohnishi, N. Ohuchi, K. Oide, M. Shimada, S. Stanic, M. Suetake, Y. Suetsugu, T. Sugimura, T. Suwada, M. Tawada, M. Tejima, M. Tobiyama, S. Uehara, S. Uno, S.S. Win, N. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, Y. Yano, K. Yokoyama, M. Yoshida, M. Yoshida, S.I. Yoshimoto
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • F. Zimmermann
    CERN, Geneva
  The KEKB B-Factory is an electron-positron double ring collider working at KEK. Its peak luminosity surpassed 1034 /cm2/sec in May 2003 for the first time in the history of colliders. In this report, we summarize the history of KEKB with an emphasis of recent progress.  
 
MOPLT069 Investigation of Injection for the Low-emittance Lattice with New-6.25 ohm Kicker Magnet System at the Photon Factory injection, background, wiggler, undulator 710
 
  • A. Ueda, K. Harada, Y. Kobayashi, T. Mitsuhashi
    KEK, Ibaraki
  We installed 6.25ohm traveling-wave kicker magnet in the Photon Factory to obtain a wide acceptance for the injected beam into the low-emittance lattice of the Photon Factory. We investigate the injection for the low-emittance lattice with this 6.25ohm kicker magnet system. Hence we have optical beam diagnostic systems which source point is inside of injection bump, we use this system for the investigation of injection. The pulse shape of the injection bump was measured by the optical beam profile monitor with high-speed gated camera by using a stored beam. The result of pulse shape of injection bump was agreed with the predicted one by using result of magnetic field measurement, and pulse duration was shorter than twice of revolution time. The instantaneous beam profile of injected beam was observed in turn by turn by using the same beam profile monitor system. We measure the turn by turn position of the injected beam from this observation and compare with a simulation. We also observe a smear out of beam oscillation by nonlinear effect from this instantaneous beam profile measurement.  
 
MOPLT070 FFAG as Phase Rotator for the PRISM Project injection, background, wiggler, undulator 713
 
  • A. Sato, M. Aoki, Y. Arimoto, Y. Kuno, M. Yoshida
    Osaka University, Osaka
  • Y. Iwashita
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • S. Machida, Y. Mori, C. Ohmori, T. Yokoi, K. Yoshimura
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • S. Ninomiya
    RCNP, Osaka
  A Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) ring will be used as a phase rotator in the PRISM project. We report a design of the PRISM-FFAG in this paper. PRISM stands for "Phase Rotated Intense Slow Muon beam". It is a project to realize a super muon beam, which combines high-intensity, low-energy, narrow energy-spread and high purity. Its aimed intensity is about 1011-1012 muons per sec. The muon beam will be provided with a low kinetic energy of 20MeV to optimize for the stopped muon experiments. FFAG has some advantageous characteristics to achieve such superb beam. These are a large momentum (longitudinal) acceptance, a wide transverse acceptance with strong focusing, and synchrotron oscillation, which is needed to perform phase rotation. According to simulations, initial energy spread of 20MeV±40% is reduced down to ±6% after 5 turns of muons in the FFAG ring. In the FFAG ring almost all pions decay into muon, hence extracted beam has extremely low pion contamination. A program to construct the PRISM-FFAG ring has been started. It would be completed by the end of JFY 2005.  
 
MOPLT071 EPICS Based Control System for the KOMAC RF System injection, background, wiggler, undulator 716
 
  • J.C. Yoon, J. Choi, K.M. Ha, J.H. Kim, J.M. Kim, J.-W. Lee
    PAL, Pohang
  This paper presents the RF control system for Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC). KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) has been performing the project named KOMAC. As the 3nd phase of the project, 20MeV proton accelerating structure is under development. The new design is based on the use of VME based Multi-function modules connected to the specific low level RF Controllers(LLRF) via distributed I/O modules and Serial communication modules. The control system was based on EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) from the end of 2003. Installation and commissioning of the RF module is scheduled on 2004. Control system to integrated the RF System to the KOMAC control system is implemented. Hardware, software and various applications are developed to support the operation of RF Control system. This paper EPICS based control system for KOMAC RF  
 
MOPLT072 Effects of Positrons on Relativistic Solitons in Laser-Plasma Interactions injection, background, wiggler, undulator 719
 
  • J.B.  Kim, I.S. Ko
    POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk
  • H. Suk
    KERI, Changwon
  An extended 1D kinetic model of relativistic solitons by high power lasers in three species plasmas is suggested and it is applied to analysis on the effects of electron-positron pairs on the solitons. Stability condition of the solitons is derived. The range of parameters for the stable solitons are specified in the frequency-temperature plane. With the creation of electron-positron pairs, relativistic solitons appear stable in wider range of frequencies and temperatures. The regions are expanded toward higher values in overall ranges in the frequency-temperature plane. The stability conditions are affected by the density of positrons. The variation of shapes, peak E-field, and width of the solitons by varying the positron density are analyzed. We discuss the implications of the variation in the soliton on the ion accelerations by it.  
 
MOPLT073 Picosecond High Voltage Switching for Pulsed DC Acceleration acceleration, background, laser, wiggler 722
 
  • J. Hendriks, G.J.H. Brussaard
    TUE, Eindhoven
  Laser wakefield acceleration promises the production of high energy electrons from table-top accelerators. External injection of a (low energy) electron bunch into a laser wakefield requires acceleration gradients of the order GV/m. In principle DC acceleration can achieve GV/m acceleration gradients. If high voltage pulses of the order MV can be switched with picosecond precision, the performance of such an accelerator would be greatly enhanced and even multistage DC acceleration would become feasible. Presently risetime and jitter of high voltage pulses in high voltage laser triggered spark gaps are limited to the nanosecond regime by the initial stochastic breakdown process in the gap. A way to overcome this limitation is to create a line focus between the electrodes with an intensity above 1018 W/m2 using a high power femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser. Because of the instantaneous ionization and high degree of ionization in the plasma channel, picosecond switching precision can be achieved and jitter is reduced significantly. A spark gap test setup with 3 mm interelectrode distance has been build and the first measurements have been done. Femtosecond diagnostics for characterization of the laser induced plasma and electro-optic diagnostics for the high voltage pulse have been developed.  
 
MOPLT075 Ideal Waterbag Electron Bunches from an RF Photogun background, laser, wiggler, acceleration 725
 
  • O.J. Luiten, M.J. Van der Wiel, S.B. van der Geer
    TUE, Eindhoven
  • F. Kiewiet
    FOM Rijnhuizen, Nieuwegein
  • M.J. de Loos
    PP, Soest
  With the implementation of fs mode-locked Ti:Sapphire lasers in high-gradient RF photoguns, a new charged particle acceleration regime has emerged, the so-called pancake regime. Pancake bunches have by definition a restframe length which is much smaller than the bunch radius. This geometry allows a relatively simple, but effective analytical description of the space-charge dominated, critical initial part of the acceleration trajectory. In high-gradient RF photoguns the pancake regime can be relevant up to several MeV. The general opinion is that extremely short bunches should be avoided during the initial stages of the acceleration process, because high space charge densities are always detrimental to the final beam quality. We show that this is not necessarily true: shorter bunches may even lead to better beams.  
 
MOPLT078 The Coupling Compensation and Measurement in the Interaction Region of BEPCII background, laser, wiggler, acceleration 728
 
  • C.H. Yu, G. Xu
    IHEP Beijing, Beijing
  The detector solenoid field in the BEPCII interaction region will be compensated by 6 anti-solenoids, which are located nearby the interaction point. The coupling compensation scheme and the method to tune the x-y coupling at the interaction point will be introduced in detail.  
 
MOPLT081 Low Energy Ion Beam Dynamics in Axisymmetric RF Undulator Linac background, laser, wiggler, resonance 731
 
  • E.S. Masunov, S.M. Polozov
    MEPhI, Moscow
  The ion beam focusing and acceleration in an axisymmetric periodic RF undulator structure is considered. There is suggested that RF field has no a synchronous wave and accelerating force is to be driven by a combination of two non-synchronous waves. The influence of non-synchronous harmonics on ion beam dynamics is studied by means of a smooth approximation. Choice and optimization of RF field harmonics are made to obtain maximal transmission coefficient. The result is verified by a numerical simulation. The comparison with a conventional RF linac, where a synchronous harmonic accelerates a beam and non-synchronous one is focusing a beam, is described. This comparison is suitable for demonstration of the capabilities of an undulator linac.  
 
MOPLT086 Upgrading the Control System at KCSR background, laser, wiggler, resonance 734
 
  • I.V. Krylov, V. Korchuganov, L.A. Moseiko, N.I. Moseiko, V.A. Novikov, A.G. Valentinov, Y.L. Yupinov
    RRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow
  Till now Kurchatov Centre of Synchrotron Radiation facility control system is based on a CAMAC-oriented computers network. In this paper the project of upgrading and results of prototyping of the new equipment is submitted. Upgrading includes two levels. First, it is possible to create the modern CAMAC crate-controller, connected with standard network. More advanced variant will consist in replacement of CAMAC modules with the embedded controllers of equipment. Second level is a creation of a local managing network of personal computers, as consoles of the control system. The control system is functionally divided into four levels: 1) the controllers managing in a real-time mode by the executive equipment; 2) the workstations which are supporting the link with controllers by CAN-network; 3) the server of applications containing a dynamic database; 4) the PCs network for users applications. Examples of realisation of the software are presented.  
 
MOPLT087 Research of Possibility to use Beam Polarization for Absolute Energy Calibration in High-precision Measurement of Tau Lepton Mass at VEPP-4M background, laser, wiggler, induction 737
 
  • A.V. Bogomyagkov, V. Kiselev, E.V. Kremyanskaya, E. Levichev, S.A. Nikitin, I.B. Nikolaev, E.A. Simonov, A.N. Skrinsky
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  Experiments of 2002-2003 years on measurement of duration of beam polarization existence in VEPP-4M electron-positron storage ring after injection of polarized beams from VEPP-3 booster at energies in the vicinity of tau-lepton production threshold (1777 MeV) are described. Polarized beams in such conditions are planned to use in the experiment at VEPP-4M with KEDR detector on high precision measurement of tau-lepton mass wiyh the help of resonant depolarization technique for absolute calibration of particle energy. It was shown that despite of closeness of the strong depolarizing integer spin resonance (1763 MeV) the polarization lifetime though is limited, but still is sufficient for realization of energy calibration procedure with a high accuracy (10-6).  
 
MOPLT096 Machine Induced Background in the High Luminosity Experimental Insertion of the LHC Project plasma, laser, wiggler, acceleration 755
 
  • V. Talanov, I. Azhgirey, I. Baishev
    IHEP Protvino, Protvino, Moscow Region
  • K.M. Potter
    CERN, Geneva
  The methodical approach, developed for the solution of the radiation problems in the LHC project, is used for the estimation of the machine induced background in the high luminosity experimental insertion IR1. The results of the cascade simulations are presented for the cases of the proton losses in the cold and warm parts of the collider. The formation of the machine induced background in the interaction region is discussed.  
 
MOPLT097 Co-sourcing Development of Accelerator Controls plasma, laser, wiggler, acceleration 758
 
  • K. Zagar, R. Sabjan, I. Verstovsek
    JSI, Ljubljana
  • M. Plesko
    Cosylab, Ljubljana
  Frequently, accelerator facilities make use of products and services offered by the industry. This paper's focus is on such outsourcing of control system hardware and software. Firstly, an attempt is made to explain the facility's motivation for seeking outside help, which is typically due to lack of resources, technology or knowledge. Then, the risks of outsourcing are enumerated. To mitigate them, the industrial partner should have not only the adequate technical expertise, but also a reliable, yet agile management and quality assurance process that meets the facility's expectations, schedule, budget constraints, maintenance and support needs. Finally, Cosylab's business model is presented, designed to provide lasting open-source solutions that help not only a single facility, but the entire community.  
 
MOPLT099 NSC KIPT Accelerator on Nuclear and high Energy Physics plasma, wiggler, electron, wakefield 761
 
  • I.S. Guk, A. Dovbnya, S.G. Kononenko, A.S. Tarasenko
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  • J.I.M. Botman, M.J. Van der Wiel
    TUE, Eindhoven
  One of the main reasons for the outflow of experts in nuclear physics and adjacent areas of science from Ukraine is the absence of modern accelerating facilities, for conducting research in the present fields of interest worldwide in this area of knowledge. A qualitatively new level of research can be achieved by the construction of a new generation accelerator applying the latest developments in the field of electron beam acceleration, in particular on the basis of superconducting accelerating structures of the TESLA type. Such structures may be used for continuous, polarized electron beams, which is crucial e.g. for thin(?) experiments checking modern theoretical models of interactions of nuclear substance, and for beams with high current and extremely short pulses for research in free electron laser and neutron physics. Such a facility will create an opportunity for carrying out research representing the interest of scientists from other countries, which will promote the integration of Ukrainian science into European and worldwide research.  
 
MOPLT100 Magnetic Structure of the NSC KIPT Nuclear-and-high-energy-physics Electron Accelerator plasma, wiggler, wakefield, beamloading 764
 
  • I.S. Guk, A. Dovbnya, S.G. Kononenko, F.A. Peev, A.S. Tarasenko
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  • J.I.M. Botman, M.J. Van der Wiel
    TUE, Eindhoven
  Design options of the magnetic structure of a new proposed accelerator facility at NSC KIPT with a continuous-wave electron beam are described. The accelerator represents a recirculator, based on standard TESLA superconducting accelerating sections in one or two straight sections with a length of 5 or 19 meters. The magnetic system is designed on the basis of the magnetic elements of storage ring EUTERPE, transferred by Eindhoven University to NSC KIPT. The focusing and dispersion functions for several design choices of the magnetic structure are reported. Modeling of the beam movement in the accelerator has been carried out; the beam parameters during acceleration and on accelerator output have been calculated.  
 
MOPLT119 Fabrication of X-band Accelerating Structures at FERMILAB acceleration, wiggler, electron, radiation 815
 
  • T.T. Arkan, C. Boffo, E. Borissov, H. Carter, D. Finley, I. Gonin, T. Khabibouline, S.C. Mishra, G. Romanov, N. Solyak
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  The RF Technology Development group at Fermilab is working together with the NLC and GLC groups at SLAC and KEK on developing technology for room temperature X-band accelerating structures for a future linear collider. We built seven 60cm long, high phase advance, detuned structures (HDS or FXB series). These structures have 150 degrees phase advance per cell, and are intended for high gradient tests. The structures were brazed in a vacuum furnace with a partial pressure of argon, rather than in a hydrogen atmosphere. We have also begun to build 60cm long, damped and detuned structures (HDDS or FXC / FXD series). So far, we have built 3 FXC structures. Our goal is to build 4 FXC and 2 FXD structures for the 8-pack test at SLAC by the end of March 2004, as part of the GLC/NLC effort to demonstrate the readiness of room temperature RF technology for a linear collider. This poster describes the RF structure factory infrastructure (clean rooms, vacuum furnaces, vacuum equipment, RF equipment etc.), and the fabrication techniques utilized (the machining of copper cells / couplers, quality control, etching, vacuum brazing, cleanliness requirements etc.) for the production of FXB and FXC structures.  
 
MOPLT120 Proposals for Improvements of the Correction of Sextupole Dynamic Effects in the Tevatron Dipole Magnets acceleration, wiggler, electron, radiation 818
 
  • P. Bauer, G. Ambrosio, J. Annala, J. DiMarco, R. Hanft, M. Lamm, M. Martens, P. Schlabach, D. Still, M. Tartaglia, J. Tompkins, G. Velev
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  It is well known that the sextupole (b2) components in the superconducting dipole magnets decay during the injection plateau and snap back rapidly at the start of the ramp to flat top current. These so-called dynamic effects were originally discovered in the Tevatron. They are compensated for by the chromaticity correctors distributed around the ring. Imperfect control of the chromaticity during the snapback can contribute to beam loss and emittance growth. A thorough investigation of the chromaticity correction in the Tevatron was launched in the context of Run II, including beam chromaticity measurements and extensive magnetic measurements on a series of spare Tevatron dipole magnets. The study has yielded new information about the effect of the powering history on the dynamic b2. A companion paper at this conference describes in detail the results of these magnetic measurements [reference to George Velev's paper]. Study findings have given directive to new proposals for improvement of the b2 snapback correction in the Tevatron, including a revised functional form for the snapback algorithm and the elimination of the beam-less pre-cycle. This paper reports the results of beam studies performed recently to test these improved procedures.  
 
MOPLT121 Water Flow Vibration Effect on the NLC RF Structure-girder System acceleration, wiggler, electron, radiation 821
 
  • C. Boffo, T.T. Arkan, E. Borissov, H. Carter
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • F. Le Pimpec, A. Seryi
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  In order to meet the vibration budget for the Next Linear Collider main Linac components, the vibration sources in the NLC girder are being studied. The activity is focused on the vibration induced by the cooling water flow for the 60 cm long accelerating copper structures. Understanding the vibration in the structures will enable us to push forward the design of the interface between the structures and the quadrupoles. This paper reports on the ongoing work and presents results from experimental data as well as finite element simulations.  
 
MOPLT122 Dynamical Aperture Study for the NLC Main Damping Rings acceleration, electron, radiation, luminosity 824
 
  • M. Venturini, S. Marks, A. Wolski
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  A sufficiently large acceptance is critical for the NLC Main Damping Rings (MDR) as the high power carried by the beams demands very high injection efficiency. Both chromatic sextupoles and wiggler insertions, needed for damping, are substantial sources of nonlinearities limiting the dynamical aperture. We report on our latest studies on single particle dynamics for the MDR current lattice with and without inclusion of lattice errors and with attention paid to working point optimization. The possibility to use octupole magnets for compensation is also explored.  
 
MOPLT123 A Reduced Emittance Lattice for the NLC Positron Pre-damping Ring acceleration, damping, electron, emittance 827
 
  • I. Reichel, A. Wolski
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  The Pre-Damping Ring of the Next Linear Collider has to accept a large positron beam from the positron production target, and reduce the emittance and energy spread to low enough values for injection into the Main Damping Ring. A previous version of the lattice yielded an emittance of the extracted beam which was about 20% too large. In order to get the emittance down to the required value the quadrupole magnets in the dispersive regions in the ring were moved horizontally; this modifies the damping partition numbers. In addition, the model of the wigglers has been modified to reflect more closely the magnetic field map. The new lattice design meets damping and emittance requirements. The lattice and dynamic aperture studies are presented.  
 
MOPLT124 Control System of the Small Isochronous ring damping, acceleration, electron, lattice 830
 
  • J.A. Rodriguez, F. Marti
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan
  • E. Pozdeyev
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  The purpose of this paper is to describe the control system of the Small Isochronous Ring (SIR) developed and built at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University (MSU). SIR is a small-scale experiment that simulates the dynamics of intense beams in large accelerators. A 20 to 30 keV hydrogen or deuterium ion bunch is injected in the ring, extracted after a variable number of turns and its longitudinal profile is studied. Information about the electronics used and software written to control different injection line, ring and extraction line elements is included. Some of these elements are magnets, electrostatic quadrupoles, electric and magnetic correctors, scanning wires, emittance measurement system, chopper and a fast Faraday cup.  
 
MOPLT127 Diagnosing the PEP-II Injection System damping, acceleration, injection, electron 833
 
  • F.-J. Decker, M.H. Donald, R.H. Iverson, A. Kulikov, G.C. Pappas, M. Weaver
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  The injection of beam into the PEP-II B-Factory, especially into the High Energy Ring (HER) has some challenges. A high background level in the BaBar Detector has so far inhibited us from trickling charge into the HER similar to the Low Energy Ring (LER). Analyzing the injection system has revealed many issues which could be improved. The injection bump between two kickers was not closed, mainly because the phase advance wasn't exactly 180 degrees and the two kicker strengths were not balanced. Additionally we found reflections which kick the stored beam after the main kick and cause the average luminosity to drop about 3% for a 10 Hz injection rate. The strength of the overall kick is nearly twice as high than the design, indicating a much bigger effective septum thickness. Compared with single beam the background is worse when the HER beam is colliding with the LER beam. This hints that the beam-beam force and the observed vertical blow-up in the HER pushes the beam and especially the injected beam further out to the edge of the dynamic aperture or beyond.  
 
MOPLT128 Lattice Effects due to High Currents in PEP-II damping, acceleration, injection, electron 836
 
  • F.-J. Decker, H. Smith, J.L. Turner
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  The very high beam currents in the PEP-II B-Factory have caused many expected and unexpected effects: Synchrotron light fans move the beam pipe and cause dispersion, higher order modes cause excessive heating, e-clouds around the positron beam blow up its beam size. Here we describe an effect were the measured dispersion of the beam in the Low Energy Ring (LER) is different at high and at low beam currents. The dispersion was iteratively lowered by making anti-symmetric orbit bumps in many sextupole duplets, checking each time with a dispersion measurement where a dispersive kick is generated. This can be done parasitically during collisions. It was a surprise when checking the low current characterization data that there is a change. Subsequent high and low current measurements confirmed the effect. It is located far away from any synchrotron radiation in the middle of a straight (PR12), away from sextupoles and skew quadrupoles and creates a dispersion wave of about 70 mm at high current while at low current it is negligible.  
 
MOPLT129 Identifying Lattice, Orbit, and BPM Errors in PEP-II damping, acceleration, injection, electron 839
 
  • F.-J. Decker
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  The PEP-II B-Factory is delivering peak luminosities of up to 7.4·1033 1/cm2 1/s. This is very impressive especially considering our poor understanding of the lattice, absolute orbit and beam position monitor system (BPM). A few simple MATLAB programs were written to get lattice information, like betatron functions in a coupled machine (four all together) and the two dispersions, from the current machine and compare it the design. Big orbit deviations in the Low Energy Ring (LER) could be explained not by bad BPMs (only 3), but by many strong correctors (one corrector to fix four BPMs on average). Additionally these programs helped to uncover a sign error in the third order correction of the BPM system. Further analysis of the current information of the BPMs (sum of all buttons) indicates that there might be still more problematic BPMs.  
 
MOPLT130 Bunch Pattern with More Bunches in PEP-II luminosity, damping, acceleration, beamloading 842
 
  • F.-J. Decker, S. Colocho, A. Novokhatski, M.K. Sullivan, U. Wienands
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  The number of bunches in the PEP-II B-Factory has increased over the years. The luminosity followed roughly linear that increase or even faster since we also lowered the spot size at the interaction point. The recent steps from 933 in June of 2003 to about 1320 in February 2004 should have been followed by a similar rise in luminosity from 6.5·1033 1/cm2 1/s to 9.2·1033 1/cm2 1/s. This didn't happen so far and a peak luminosity of only 7.3·1033 1/cm2 1/s was achieved. By filling the then partially filled by-3 pattern to a completely filled by-3 pattern (1133 bunches) should even give 7.9·1033 1/cm2 1/s with scaled currents of 1400 mA (HER) and 1900 mA (LER). We are typically running about 1300 mA and 1900 mA with 15% more bunches. The bunch pattern is typically by-2 with trains of 14 bunches out of 18. The parasitic beam crossings or electron cloud effects might play a role in about a 10% luminosity loss. Also the LER x-tune could be pushed further down to the ? integer in the by-3 pattern. On the other hand we might not push the beam-beam tune shift as hard as in June of 2003 since we started trickle injection and therefore might avoid the highest peak luminosity with a higher background. A mixed pattern with a by2-by3 setup (separation of 2, 3, 2, 3 ?) would give totally filled a slightly higher number of bunches (1360), but near the interaction point there would be only one parasitic crossing per beam lowering the tune shift by two.  
 
MOPLT131 Emittance Dilution Simulations for Normal Conducting and Superconducting Linear Colliders luminosity, damping, acceleration, beamloading 845
 
  • R.M. Jones, T.O. Raubenheimer
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • N. Baboi
    DESY, Hamburg
  An electron (or positron) multi-bunch train traversing several thousand accelerator structures can be distorted by long-range wakefields left behind the accelerated bunches. These wakefields can at the very least, give rise to a dilution in the emittance of the beam and, at worst can lead to a beam break up instability. We investigate the emittance dilution that occurs for various frequency errors (corresponding to small errors made in the design or fabrication of the structure) for the GLC/NLC (Global Linear Collider/Next Linear Collider) and for TESLA (Terra Electron Superconducting Linear Accelerator). Resonant effects, which can be particularly damaging, are studied for X-band and L-band linacs. Simulations are performed with the computer codes LIAR[1] and L-MAFIA[2].

[1] R. Assman et al, LIAR, SLAC-PUB AP-103[2] The MAFIA Collaboration, MAFIA: L - The Linear Accelerator Tracking Code, CST GmbH, Darmstadt (1994)

 
 
MOPLT133 Beam Loading and Higher-band Longitudinal Wakes in High Phase Advance Traveling Wave Accelerator Structures for the GLC/NLC luminosity, damping, acceleration, beamloading 848
 
  • R.M. Jones, V.A. Dolgashev, Z. Li, T.O. Raubenheimer
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  A multi-bunch beam traversing traveling wave accelerator structures, each with a 5pi/6 phase advance is accelerated at a frequency that is synchronous with the fundamental mode frequency. As per design, the main interaction occurs at the working frequency of 11.424 GHz. However, modes with frequencies surrounding the dominant accelerating mode are also excited and these give rise to additional modal components to the wakefield. Here, we consider the additional modes in the context of X-band accelerator structures for the GLC/NLC (Global Linear Collider/Next Linear Collider). Finite element simulations, mode-matching and circuit models are employed in order to calculate the wakefield.  
 
MOPLT134 X-Band Linear Collider R&D in Accelerating Structures through Advanced Computing luminosity, damping, acceleration, dipole 851
 
  • Z. Li, N.T. Folwell, L. Ge, A. Guetz, V. Ivanov, K. Ko, M. Kowalski, L. Lee, C.-K. Ng, G. Schussman, R. Uplenchwar
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • M. Wolf
    University of Illinois, Urbana
  The X-band linear collider design, GLC/NLC, requires accelerating structures in the main linac to operate at 65 MV/m and to be able to control emittance growth due to dipole wakefields generated by 100 micron bunch trains. The approach to high gradient has focused mainly on testing structures for acceptable breakdown rates at the desired gradient through experiments since the problem is analytically challenging. In suppressing dipole wakefields, the damped, detuned structure (DDS) has shown capable of meeting design requirements but the analysis using equivalent circuits has thus far been limited to the lowest two dipole bands. This paper describes a computational approach that addresses these design issues through large-scale simulations, using a suite of parallel electromagnetic codes developed under the DOE SciDAC Accelerator Simulation Project. Numerical results on peak field calculation, dark current generation, and wakefield computation will be presented on the H60VG4S17 DDS structure, considered to be the baseline design for the NLC.  
 
MOPLT151 Study of Arc-related RF Faults in the CEBAF Cryomodules acceleration, quadrupole, beamloading, undulator 890
 
  • E. Daly, D. Curry, J. Musson, G. Myneni, T. Powers, H. Wang, T.E. Whitlatch
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  • I.E. Campisi
    ORNL/SNS, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  A series of measurements has been conducted on two superconducting radio-frequency cavity pairs, installed in cryomodules and routinely operated in the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility, in order to study the RF-vacuum interaction during an RF fault. These arc-related fault rates increase with increasing machine energy, contribute to system downtime and directly affect the accelerator?s availability. For this study, the fundamental power coupler waveguides have been instrumented with vacuum gauges, additional arc detectors, additional infrared sensors and temperature sensors in order to measure the system response during both steady-state operations and RF fault conditions. Residual gas analyzers have been installed on the waveguide vacuum manifolds to monitor the gas species present during cooldown, RF processing and operation. Simultaneous measurements of the signals are presented, a comparison with analysis is shown and results are discussed. The goal of this study is to characterize the RF-vacuum interaction during normal operations. With a better understanding of the installed system response, methods for reducing the fault rate may be devised, ultimately leading to improvements in availability.  
 
MOPLT153 Electron-Ion Collider at CEBAF: New Insights and Conceptual Progress ion, luminosity, acceleration, quadrupole 893
 
  • Y.S. Derbenev, A. Afanasev, K. Beard, S.A. Bogacz, P. Degtiarenko, J.R. Delayen, A. Hutton, G.A. Krafft, R. Li, L. Merminga, M. Poelker, B.C. Yunn, Y. Zhang
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  • P.N. Ostroumov
    ANL/Phys, Argonne, Illinois
  We report on progress in conceptual development of the proposed high luminosity (up to 1035/cm2s) and efficient spin manipulation (using figure 8 boosters and collider rings) Electron-Ion Collider at CEBAF based on use of polarized 5-7 GeV electrons in superconduction energy recovering linac (ERL with circulator ring, kicker-operated) and 30-150 GeV ion storage ring (polarized p, d. He3, Li and unpolarized nuclei up to Ar, all totally stripped). Ultra-high luminosity is envisioned to be achievable with short ion bunches and crab-crossing at 1.5 GHz bunch collision rate interaction points. Our recent studies concentrated on simulation of beam-beam interaction, preventing the electron cloud instability, calculating luminosity lifetime due to Touschek effect in ion beam and background scattering of ions, experiments on energy recovery at CEBAF, and other. These studies have been incorporated in the development of the luminosity calculator and in formulating minimum requirements to the polarized electron and ion sources  
 
MOPLT155 Study of Beam-beam Effects at PEP-II ion, luminosity, acceleration, quadrupole 896
 
  • I.V. Narsky, F.C. Porter
    CALTECH, Pasadena, California
  • Y. Cai, J. Seeman
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • W. Kozanecki
    CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  Using a self-consistent, three-dimensional simulation program running on parallel supercomputers, we have simulated the beam-beam interaction at the PEP II asymmetric e+e- collider. In order to provide guidance to luminosity improvement in PEP-II, we have scanned the tunes and other machine parameters in both rings, and computed their impact on the luminosity and particle loss. Whenever possible, the code has been benchmarked against experimental measurements, at various beam currents, of luminosity and luminous-region size using the BaBar detector. These studies suggest that three-dimensional effects such as bunch lengthening may be important to understand a steep drop of luminosity near the peak currents.  
 
MOPLT156 High Brightness Electron Guns for Next-Generation Light Sources and Accelerators gun, ion, luminosity, acceleration 899
 
  • H. Bluem, M.D. Cole, J. Rathke, T. Schultheiss, A.M.M. Todd
    AES, Princeton, New Jersey
  • I. Ben-Zvi, T. Srinivasan-Rao
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • P. Colestock, D.C. Nguyen, R.L. Wood, L. Young
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  • D. Janssen
    FZR, Dresden
  • J. Lewellen
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois
  • G. Neil, H.L. Phillips, J.P. Preble
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  Advanced Energy Systems continues to develop advanced electron gun and injector concepts. Several of these projects have been previously described, but the progress and status of each will be updated. The project closest to completion is an all superconducting RF (SRF) gun, being developed in collaboration with the Brookhaven National Laboratory, that uses the niobium of the cavity wall itself as the photocathode material. This gun has been fabricated and will shortly be tested with beam. The cavity string for a closely-coupled DC gun and SRF cavity injector that is expected to provide beam quality sufficient for proposed ERL light sources and FELs will be assembled at the Jefferson Laboratory later this year. We are also collaboration with Los Alamos on a prototype CW normal-conducting RF gun with similar performance, that will undergo thermal testing in late 2004. Another CW SRF gun project that uses a high quantum efficiency photocathode, similar to the FZ-Rossendorf approach, has just begun. Finally, we will present the RF design and cold test results for a fully axisymmetric, ultra-high-brightness x-band RF gun.  
 
MOPLT158 Cost Optimization of Non-Scaling FFAG Lattices for Muon Acceleration gun, ion, luminosity, quadrupole 902
 
  • J.S. Berg, R. Palmer
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) accelerators are a promising idea for reducing the cost of acceleration for muon accelerators as well as other machines. This paper presents an automated method for designing these machines to certain specifications, and uses that method to find a minimum cost design. The dependence of this minimum cost on various input parameters to the system is given. The impact of the result on an FFAG design for muon acceleration is discussed.  
 
MOPLT159 RF Techniques for Improved Luminosity at RHIC gun, quadrupole, beamloading, undulator 905
 
  • J.M. Brennan, M. Blaskiewicz, J. Butler, J. DeLong, W. Fischer, T. Hayes
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has improved its luminosity performance significantly in the course of the first three physics runs. A number of special techniques for the operation of the rf systems have been developed to facilitate these improvements. Herein we describe these techniques, which include: an ultra low-noise rf source for the 197 MHz storage cavities; synchronization of the two rings during acceleration (including crossing the transition energy) to avoid spurious collisions on the ramp, which modulate the beam-beam tune shift; a frequency shift switch-on technique for transferring bunches from the acceleration to the storage rf systems; installation of dedicated 200 MHz cavities to provide longitudinal Landau damping on the ramp, and automated corrections to longitudinal injection parameters to minimize emittance growth.  
 
MOPLT162 Continuous Abort Gap Cleaning at RHIC gun, quadrupole, beamloading, undulator 908
 
  • K.A. Drees, R.P. Fliller III, W. Fu, R. Michnoff
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  Since the RHIC Au-Au run in the year 2001 the 200 MHz cavity system was used at storage and a 28 MHz system during injection and acceleration.The rebucketing procedure potentially causes a higher debunching rate of heavy ion beams in addition to amplifying debunching due to other mechanisms. At the end of a four hour store, debunched beam can easily account for more than 30% of the total beam intensity. This effect is even stronger with the achieved high intensities of the RHIC run 2004. A beam abort at the presence of a lot of debunched beam bears the risk of magnet quenching and experimental detector damage due to uncontrolled beam losses. Thus it is desirable to avoid any accumulation of debunched beam from the beginning of each store, in particular to anticipate cases of unscheduled beam aborts due to a system failure. A combination of a fast transverse kicker and the new 2-stage copper collimator system is used to clean the abort gap continuously throughout the store with a repetition rate of 1 Hz. This report gives an overview of the new gap cleaning procedure and the achieved performance.  
 
MOPLT163 Luminosity Optimization Using Automated IR Steering at RHIC gun, quadrupole, luminosity, beamloading 911
 
  • K.A. Drees, T. D'Ottavio
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The goal of the RHIC 2004 Au-Au run was to maximize the achieved integrated luminosity. One way is to increase beam currents and minimize beam transverse emittances. Another important ingredient is the minimization of time spent on activities postponing the declaration of 'physics conditions', i.e. stable beam conditions allowing the experimental detectors to take data. Since collision rates are particularly high in the beginning of the store the integrated luminosity benefits considerably from any minute saved early in the store. In the RHIC run 2004 a new IR steering application uses luminosity monitor signals as a feedback for a fully automated steering procedure. This report gives an overview of the used procedure and summarizes the achieved results.  
 
MOPLT164 Bunch Patterns and Pressure Rise in RHIC gun, quadrupole, beamloading, undulator 914
 
  • W. Fischer, U. Iriso
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The RHIC luminosity is limited by pressure rises with high intensity beams. At injection, the dominating cause for the pressure rise was shown to be electron clouds. We discuss the distributions of bunches along the circumference that minimize the electron cloud effect in RHIC. Experimental data are compared with simulation results, and experiences at the B-factories.  
 
MOPLT165 Luminosity Increases in Gold-gold Operation in RHIC gun, luminosity, quadrupole, beamloading 917
 
  • W. Fischer, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, J. Butler, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, J. DeLong, K.A. Drees, W. Fu, G. Ganetis, J. Glenn, T. Hayes, P. He, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, C. Pearson, S. Peggs, A. Pendzick, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, A. Sidi-Yekhlef, L. Smart, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, J. Van Zeijts, K. Vetter, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, S.Y. Zhang, W. Zhang
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  After an exploratory phase, during which a number of beam parameters were varied, the RHIC experiments now demand high luminosity to study heavy ion collisions in detail. Presently RHIC operates routinely above its design luminosity. In the first 4 weeks of its current operating period (Run-4) the machine has delivered more integrated luminosity that during the 14 weeks of the last gold-gold operating period (Run-2). We give an overview of the changes that increased the instantaneous luminosity and luminosity lifetime, raised the reliability, and improved the operational efficiency.  
 
MOPLT167 RHIC Operation with Longitudinally Polarized Protons gun, luminosity, quadrupole, beamloading 920
 
  • H. Huang, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, A.U. Luccio, W.W. MacKay, C. Montag, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, J. Van Zeijts, A.Y. Zelinsky, S.Y. Zhang
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  Longitudinally polarized proton beams have been accelerated, stored and collided at 100GeV in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to study spin effects in the hadronic reactions. The essential equipment includes four Siberian snakes, eight spin rotators and a fast relative polarimeters in each of the two RHIC rings as well as local polarimeters at the STAR and PHENIX detectors. This paper summarizes the performance of RHIC as a polarized proton collider.  
 
MOPLT170 eRHIC, Future Electron-ion Collider at BNL gun, electron, ion, quadrupole 923
 
  • V. Ptitsyn, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Ben-Zvi, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, R. Calaga, X. Chang, E.D. Courant, A. Deshpande, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, H. Hahn, J. Kewisch, V. Litvinenko, W.W. MacKay, C. Montag, S. Ozaki, B. Parker, S. Peggs, T. Roser, A. Ruggiero, B. Surrow, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, V. Yakimenko, S.Y. Zhang
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • D.P. Barber
    DESY, Hamburg
  • M. Farkhondeh, W. Franklin, W. Graves, R. Milner, C. Tschalaer, J. Van der Laan, D. Wang, F. Wang, A. Zolfaghari, T. Zwart
    MIT/BLAC, Middleton, Massachusetts
  • A.V. Otboev, Y.M. Shatunov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  The paper reviews the progress made lately in the design of eRHIC, proposed future electron-ion collider on the basis of the existing RHIC machine. The eRHIC aims to provide collisions of electrons and positrons on ions and protons in center mass energy range of 25-70 GeV. The goal luminosities are in 1032-1033 1/(s*cm2) values for e-p and in 1030-1031 1/(s*cm2) values for e-Au collisions. An essential design requirement is to provide longitudinally polarized beams of electrons and protons (and, possibly lighter ions) at the collision point. The eRHIC ZDR has been recently developed which considers various aspects of the accelerator design. An electron accelerator, which delivers about 0.5A polarized electron beam current in the electron energy range of 5 to 10 GeV, should be constructed at the BNL near existing ion rings of the RHIC collider and should intersect an ion ring at least in one of the available ion ring interaction regions. In order to reach the luminosity goals some upgrades in ion rings also would be required. Ways to reach lower beam emmittances (electron cooling) and higher beam intensities have to be realized.  
 
MOPLT171 A Pratical Demonstration of the CRFQ Storage Ring gun, electron, beamloading, undulator 926
 
  • A. Ruggiero
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • L. Campajola, V.G. Vaccaro
    Naples University Federico II, Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences Faculty, Napoli
  • D. Davino
    Universita' degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento
  • M.R. Masullo
    INFN-Napoli, Napoli
  The Circular Radiofrequency Quadrupole (CRFQ) is a new concept of a storage and accelerator ring for intense beams of light and heavy ions, protons and electrons. It is basically a Linear Radio-Frequency Quadrupole completely bent on a circle. The advantages are expected to be equivalent to those of a Linear RFQ, namely higher beam intensity and smaller beam dimensions. Moreover, it is a more compact device when compared to conventional accelerators. A collaboration was created between Brookhaven National Laboratory, the University of Naples, the University of Sannio, and the INFN-Section of Naples (Italy) for the purpose of developing a proof of principle (PoP) of the CRFQ. During the initial stage the main goal is the demonstration of the curvature effect of the quadrupolar RFQ field. At that purpose, the project is actually conceived of three phases: (i) develop an adequate 30 keV proton source, (ii) design, manufacture and test a linear RFQ section, and (iii) design, manufacture and test a curved RFQ section, both operating at 200 MHz. The linear section acts as a matching with the ion source at one end, and the curved section at the other. The paper discusses mechanical and RF considerations during the design and experiment. The final goal of the collaboration is eventually to build enough curved sections to complete the storage ring where to demonstrate storage of 30 keV protons over long periods of time.  
 
MOPLT172 Quest for a New Working Point in RHIC gun, electron, beamloading, undulator 929
 
  • R. Tomas, M. Bai, W. Fischer, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The beam-beam interaction is a limiting factor in RHIC's performance, particularly in proton operation. Changing the working point is a strategy to minimize the beam-beam effect and improve the performance of the machine. Experiments at injection energy and simulations have been performed for a set of working points in order to determine what are the best candidates.  
 
MOPLT174 Electron Acceleration for e-RHIC with the Non-scaling FFAG gun, beamloading, undulator, hadron 932
 
  • D. Trbojevic, M. Blaskiewicz, E.D. Courant, J. Kewisch, T. Roser, A. Ruggiero, N. Tsoupas
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  A non-scaling FFAG lattice design to accelerate electrons from 3.2 to 10 GeV is described. This is one of the possible solutions for the future electron-ion collider (eRHIC) at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collier (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). This e-RHIC proposal requires acceleration of the low emittance electrons up to energy of 10 GeV. To reduce a high cost of the full energy super-conducting linear accelerator an alternative approach with the FFAG is considered. The report describes the 1277 meters circumference non-scaling FFAG ring. The Courant-Snyder functions, orbit offsets, momentum compaction, and path length dependences on momentum during acceleration are presented.  
 
MOPLT175 A Method to Measure the Focusing Properties (R_Matrix) of a Magnet gun, focusing, beamloading, undulator 935
 
  • N. Tsoupas, L. Ahrens, K.A. Brown, D. Gassner, J. Glenn, Y.Y. Lee, T. Roser, P. Thieberger, J. Wei
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  We discuss a method that may be used to measure the focusing properties of a magnet. This method may prove valuable when applied to non-conventional magnets that deviate from the usual dipole magnets or other multipole magnets which are commonly used in a synchrotron. In this category of non-conventional magnets, fall special magnets, which come under the name Snakes. Such magnets are being used in synchrotron accelerators[*,**] to introduce artificial spin resonances to help overcome the intrinsic and/or imperfection spin resonances. This method of measuring the focusing properties of a magnet requires the use of low energy and high rigidity heavy-ions which may be obtained from the BNL Tandem accelerator.In brief the method consists on, injecting low emittance beamlets of lightly stripped heavy ions into a magnet and measuring the coordinates, of these narrowbeamlets, at the entrance and exit of the magnet.From the measurement of these coordinates of the narrowbeamlets we can deduce information on the R matrix and higher order matrix elements that define the focusing properties of the magnet.

* T. Roser, AIP Conf. Proc. 187 (1988) 1221** H.Huang, et. al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994) 2982

 
 
MOPLT176 Mechanism of Electron Multipacting with a Long Bunch Proton Beam gun, electron, focusing, beamloading 938
 
  • L. Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J. Wei
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • R.J. Macek
    LANL/LANSCE, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  The mechanism of electron multipacting in long bunched proton machine has been quantitatively described by the electron energy gain and electron motion. Some important parameters related to electron multipacting are investigated in detail. It is proved that multipacting is sensitive to beam intensity, longitudinal beam profile shape and transverse beam size. Agreement is achieved among our analysis, simulation and experiment.  
 
MOPLT177 Stochastic Cooling Power Requirements gun, electron, focusing, beamloading 941
 
  • J. Wei, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  A practical obstacle for stochastic cooling in high-energy colliders is the large amount of power needed for the cooling system. This paper discusses the cooling power needed for the longitudinal cooling process. Based on the coasting-beam Fokker-Planck equation, we analytically derived the optimum cooling rate and cooling power for a beam of uniform distribution and a cooling system of linear gain function. The results indicate that the usual back-of-envelope formula over-estimated the cooling power by a factor of the mixing factor $M$. On the other hand, the scaling laws derived from the coasting-beam Fokker-Planck approach agree with those derived from the bunched-beam Fokker-Planck approach if the peak beam intensity is used as the effective coasting-beam intensity. A longitudinal stochastic cooling system of 4 – 8 GHz bandwidth in RHIC can effectively counteract intrabeam scattering, preventing the beam from escaping the RF bucket becoming debunched around the ring.  
 
MOPLT178 RHIC Pressure Rise gun, ion, focusing, beamloading 944
 
  • S.Y. Zhang, J. Alessi, M. Bai, M. Blaskiewicz, P. Cameron, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, R.P. Fliller III, D. Gassner, J. Gullotta, P. He, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, U. Iriso, R. Lee, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, C. Montag, B. Oerter, S. Peggs, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata, L. Smart, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, J. Van Zeijts, L. Wang, J. Wei, K. Zeno
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  Beam induced pressure rise remains an intensity limit at the RHIC for both heavy ion and polarized proton operations. The beam injection pressure rise at warm sections has been diagnosed due to electron cloud effect. In addition, pressure rise of heavy ion operation at the beam transition has caused experiment background problem in deuteron-gold run, and it is expected to take place in gold-gold run at high intensities. This type of pressure rise is related to beam momentum spread, and the electron cloud seems not dominant. Extensive approaches for both diagnosis and looking-for-remedies are undergoing in the current gold operation, RUN 4. Results of beam scrubbing, NEG pipe in RHIC ring, beam scraping test of ion desorption, beam momentum effect at the transition, beam gap effect, solenoid effect, and NEG pipe ion desorption test stand will be presented.  
 
MOPLT179 Beam Scrubbing for RHIC Polarized Proton Opearation gun, ion, focusing, proton 947
 
  • S.Y. Zhang, W. Fischer, H. Huang, T. Roser
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  One of the intensity limiting factor of RHIC polarized proton beam is the electron cloud induced pressure rise. During the 2003 polarized proton run, a beam scrubbing study was performed. Actual beam scrubbing time was much less than the planned 2 hours. However, a non-trivial beam scrubbing effect was observed not only in the locations with highest pressure rise, but also in most of the single beam straight sections. This not only confirmed that beam scrubbing is indeed a countermeasure to the electron cloud, but also showed the feasibility of applying beam scrubbing in RHIC proton beam operation to allow for higher beam intensities. In this article, the results will be reported.  
 
TUXCH01 Review of ISOL-type Radioactive Beam Facilities gun, ion, focusing, beamloading 45
 
  • M. Lindroos
    CERN, Geneva
  The ISOL technique was invented in Copenhagen over 50 years ago and eventually migrated to CERN where a suitable proton drive beam was available at the Syncho-Cyclotron. The quick spread of the technique from CERN to many other laboratories has resulted in a large user community, which has assured the continued development of the method, physics in the front-line of fundamental research and the application of the method to many applied sciences. The technique is today established as one of the main techniques for on-line isotope production of high intensity and high quality beams. The thick targets used allows the production of unmatched high intensity radioactive beams. The fact that the ions are produced at rest makes it ideally suitable for low energy experiments and for post acceleration using well established accelerator techniques. The many different versions of the technique will be discussed and the many facilities spread all over the world will be reviewed. The major developments at the existing facilities and the challenges encountered will be presented. Finally, the possibility of using the resulting high intensity beams for the production of intense neutrino beams will be briefly discussed.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
TUXCH02 FAIR - An International Accelerator Facility for Research with Ions and Antiprotons gun, ion, focusing, beamloading 50
 
  • W.F. Henning
    GSI, Darmstadt
  This presentation describes the conceptual design for the accelerator facility and the physics research program, and discusses the status and the new challenges in accelerator physics and technology.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
TUYACH01 Laser-acceleration and Laser-cooling for Ion Beams gun, focusing, laser, acceleration 54
 
  • M. Roth, A. Blazevic, E. Brambrink, M. Geissel
    TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt
  • P. Audebert
    LULI, Palaiseaux
  • M. Bussmann, D. Habs, U. Schramm, J. Schreiber
    LMU, München
  • R. Clarke, S. Karsch, D. Neely
    CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • J.A. Cobble, J. Fernandez, M. Hegelich, S. Letzring
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  • T.E. Cowan, J. Fuchs, A. Kemp, H. Ruhl
    University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada
  • K. Ledingham, P. McKenna
    Strathclyde University, Glasgow
  The acceleration or cooling of particles with lasers has been the subject of growing interest over the last years. Because of the huge difference in mass, the acceleration of ions was so far limited to thermal expansion from laser plasmas, driven by the hot electron temperature. In recent years, due to the development of short-pulse ultra-intense lasers, the manipulation of ions has now become possible. Especially the generation of high quality, intense ion beams from laser solid interaction has attracted large attention and is investigated at many laboratories world-wide. For the first time, intense, directed, low emittance beams of ions have been observed, having several MeV of particle energy right from the source. A wealth of applications including next generation ion sources can be envisioned. The talk will give an overview of the status of laser cooling and ion acceleration including the last experimental results. In addition, an overview of the current and future research activities will be presented.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
WEPKF005 Pressure Field Distribution in a Cylindrical Geometry with Arbitrary Cross Section focusing, ion, kicker, bunching 1597
 
  • F.T. Degasperi
    FATEC-SP, Sao Paulo, SP
  • M.N. Martins, J. Takahashi
    USP/LAL, Bairro Butantan
  • L.L. Verardi
    IBILCE - UNESP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP
  This work presents analytical and numerical results for the pressure field distribution along the axis of tubular geometries with arbitrary axisymmetric cross sections with an arbitrary time- and position-dependent gas source. Several areas of applied physics deal with problems in high-vacuum and ultra high-vacuum technology that present tubular form. In many cases one finds tubes with non uniform cross sections, like parts of particle accelerators, colliders, storage rings, gravitational antennas, and electron devices, like klystrons, electron microscopes, and also parts of vacuum systems in general, for instance, bellows, conical pipes and others. In this work one can get the detailed pressure distribution is not determined. This work presents and describes in detail the pressure field in tubes with arbitrary axisymetric cross sections. Details of the mathematical and physical formulations and modeling are given; specific conductance and specific throughput are defined; and a detailed discussion about the boundary conditions is given. These concepts and approach are applied to usual realistic cases, like conical tubes and bellows, with typical laboratory dimensions.  
 
WEPKF006 Field Quality and Hysteresis of LHC Superconducting Corrector Magnets focusing, ion, kicker, bunching 1600
 
  • A. Santrich Badal, M. Allitt, C. Giloux, M. Karppinen, A.M. Lombardi, V. Remondino, W.  Venturini Delsolaro, R. Wolf
    CERN, Geneva
  • M. Bagre, P. Khare, T. Maurya, A. Puntambekar
    CAT, Indore (M.P.)
  The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will use some 6400 superconducting corrector magnets. There are 19 corrector types. These are assembled 14 different types of magnets of which 4 are nested. They are being manufactured by 4 firms in Europe and 3 in India. The magnetic field quality is measured at room temperature by 12 magnetic measurement benches employed by the corrector manufacturers. CERN performs magnetic measurement at 4.2K and at 1.9K on a small subset of corrector magnets. The paper discusses the correlation between the warm and cold field measurements. The field quality is compared to the magnet design expectations and to the target field quality for LHC. Many corrector circuits will be powered in a way which cannot be predicted before LHC will start operation and which even then may change between physics runs. The measured magnetic hysteresis and its influence on possible setting errors during operation is discussed, in particular for the orbit correctors and the tuning/trim quadrupole magnet circuits.  
 
WEPKF007 Vacuum Characterisation of a Woven Carbon Fiber Cryosorber in Presence of H2 focusing, ion, kicker, bunching 1603
 
  • V. Baglin, H. Dupont, T. Garcin
    CERN, Geneva
  Some of the cryogenic components in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will operate at 4.5 K. The H2 desorption will rapidly increase to the saturated vapour pressure, 3 orders of magnitude larger than the design pressure. Therefore, the use of cryosorbers is mandatory to provide the required pumping capacity and pumping speed. The behaviour of a woven carbon fiber to be used as a cryosorber has been studied under H2 injection. The pumping speed and capacity measured in the range 6 to 30 K are described. Observations made with an electron microscope are shown. A proposed pumping mechanism and the implications to the LHC are discussed.  
 
WEPKF008 A Strategy for Sampling of the Field Quality of the LHC Dipoles focusing, ion, kicker, bunching 1606
 
  • L. Bottura, S.D. Fartoukh, V. Granata, E. Todesco
    CERN, Geneva
  We have measured the magnetic field of a considerable fraction of the superconducting LHC main dipoles, of the order of 300 in warm conditions and 100 in cold conditions. All LHC dipoles will be measured in warm conditions at the manufacturers to steer the production inside the acceptance limits imposed by beam dynamics. Using the available data we analysed the distributions of the main field and higher order field errors in warm and cold conditions, as well as the distribution of the warm-to-cold correlation. Based on this analysis we predict the minimum number of magnets that should be measured in cold conditions in order to guarantee that (1) the production is controlled within the specified limits (2) the field is known to a sufficient level for a sound installation and (3) the uncertainty on the knowledge of the magnetic field of the LHC dipoles is small enough for the commissioning of the accelerator and to insure operation of the machine in any condition, including higher energy. The main outcome of this analysis is that cold measurements on a fraction of the order of one third of the total production, i.e. approximately 400 dipoles, will be sufficient to achieve the above objectives.  
 
WEPKF009 A Scaling Law for Predicting Snap-back in Superconducting Accelerator Magnets focusing, ion, kicker, bunching 1609
 
  • T. Pieloni, L. Bottura, S. Sanfilippo
    CERN, Geneva
  • G. Ambrosio, P. Bauer
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • M. Haverkamp
    METROLAB, Plan-les-Ouates
  The decay of the sextupole component in the bending dipoles during injection and the subsequent snap-back at particle acceleration are issues of common concern, albeit at different levels of criticality, for all superconducting colliders built (Tevatron, HERA, RHIC) or in construction (LHC) to date. The main difficulty is the correction of the relatively large and fast sextupole change during snap-back. Motivated by the above considerations, we have conducted an extended study of sextupole snap-back on two different magnet families, the Tevatron and the LHC bending dipoles, using the same measurement method. We show in this paper that it is possible to generalise all the results obtained by using a simple, exponential scaling law. Furthermore, we show that for magnets of the same family the parameters of the scaling law correlate linearly. This finding could be exploited during accelerator operation to produce accurate forecast of the snap-back correction based solely on beam-based measurements.  
 
WEPKF010 Design of an Automatic System for the Electrical Quality Assurance during the Assembly of the Electrical Circuits of the LHC focusing, ion, kicker, bunching 1612
 
  • D. Bozzini, V. Chareyre, A. Jacob, K.H. Mess, S. Russenschuck, R. Solaz Cerdan
    CERN, Geneva
  During the assembly of the LHC one of the challenges will be the correct wiring of the 1712 circuits powering the 10094 magnet units, for which all-together 70000 splices have to be done. Considering the complexity of the electrical scheme the risk of wrong wiring is high. Errors, if not detected during the assembly phase, will perturb the LHC operation. A method has been developed to verify automatically the cabling scheme. It first detects the continuity of a portion of circuit and then verifies the correct polarity and type of the magnets in the circuit. A 108-meter LHC cell is the shortest length that can be tested. The system is composed of a unit to be placed at the center of the cell and two de-multiplexers positioned at the extremities of the cell. The central unit contains a data acquisition system where in total 217 signals can be acquired and more than 3000 voltage combinations are possible. Pointing to different databases, a LabVIEW program automatically executes the test procedure, generates, and stores the reports. The hardware and software design, the data flow between databases, and the testing methodology applied to the different circuit types are described.  
 
WEPKF011 Performance of the Superconducting Matching Quadrupoles for the LHC Insertions focusing, ion, kicker, bunching 1615
 
  • N. Catalan-Lasheras, G. Kirby, R. Ostojic, J.C. Perez, H. Prin, W.  Venturini Delsolaro
    CERN, Geneva
  The optics flexibility of the LHC insertions is provided by the individually powered quadrupoles in the dispersion suppressors and matching sections. These units comprise special quadrupole magnets of the MQM and MQY type and range in length from 5.4 m to 11.4 m. In total, 82 insertion quadrupoles will be assembled at CERN. In this paper we present the advance in construction and report on the performance of the first series built quadrupoles. In particular, we present the quench performance of the individual magnets and alignment measurements of the cold masses, and discuss the field quality trends and possible implications.  
 
WEPKF012 LHC Dipole Axis, Spool Piece Alignment and Field Angle in Warm and Cold Conditions focusing, ion, kicker, bunching 1618
 
  • M. Coccoli, M. Buzio, J. Garcia Perez
    CERN, Geneva
  The installation and commissioning of the LHC dipoles requires the knowledge of the magnetic axis and of the spool piece corrector alignment at the operating conditions. The installation is based at present on the use of geometric information derived from mechanical measurements performed in warm conditions, with the assumption that the geometric and magnetic axis are coincident. Any discrepancies between mechanical and magnetic axis and unforeseen geometry variations from ambient to cold operating temperature can introuduce important uncertaintes in the prediction of the alignment at operational conditions. Such prediction is studied through correlations between measurements performed at room and liquid helium temperature. A statistic analysis of the measurement data available is presented showing uncertainties on the correctors alignment. They are compared with beam-based specifications of the positioning of the spool piece.  
 
WEPKF014 Magnetic Field Tracking Experiments for LHC focusing, ion, kicker, bunching 1621
 
  • V. Granata, J. Billan, F. Bordry, L. Bottura, P. Coutinho Ferreira, E. Effinger, G. Fernqvist, P. Galbraith, Q. King, J. Pett, A. Raimondo, A. Rijllart, H. Thiesen
    CERN, Geneva
  At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN one of the fundamental requirements during the energy ramp is that the ratio between the field produced by the quadrupoles and the field in the dipoles remains constant in order to minimize the variation of the betatron tune that could induce particle loss. With a series of tracking experiments it has been demonstrated that this ratio can be maintained constant to better than 10-4 throughout the same current ramp as foreseen for the LHC. A technique has been developed to optimise the dipole and quadrupole current ramps to obtain the required ratio of B2/B1. Measurements performed by modulating the current with a harmonic function (so-called k-modulation) demonstrated that it is possible to modulate the strength of an individual quadrupole to determine the magnetic center through beam-based measurements.  
 
WEPKF020 The Design of the Special Magnets for PIMMS/TERA focusing, kicker, undulator, bunching 1639
 
  • L. Sermeus, J. Borburgh, T. Fowler, M. Hourican, K.D. Metzmacher
    CERN, Geneva
  • M. Crescenti
    TERA, Novara
  In the framework of a collaboration agreement with the TERA Foundation CERN provided the design, drawings and engineering specifications for 2 kickers, 1 chopper and 3 bumper magnets as well as 3 magnetic and 2 electrostatic septa, power supplies for the electrostatic septa, kickers and bumpers including control electronics for the PIMMS/TERA proton and carbon ion medical synchrotron. The first application will be in the Italian National Centre for Hadron Therapy, to be constructed in Pavia. The main features of the devices are described along with the strategic design choices, directed by the demand for very high reliability and minimum maintenance.  
 
WEPKF021 Non-destructive Testing of Bus-bar Joints Powering LHC Superconducting Magnets, by Using Gamma Sources focusing, kicker, undulator, bunching 1642
 
  • B. Skoczen
    CERN, Geneva
  • J. Kulka
    AGH, Cracow
  The main LHC superconducting magnets (dipoles and quadrupoles) are powered by using Rutherford type cables, stabilized electrically and thermally with copper profiles. The portions of cables are connected to each other by a soft soldering technique (Sn96Ag4) with the overlapping length corresponding to one pitch of the superconducting strands. The splice constitutes a ?composite? structure with the interchanging layers of Sn96Ag4 and NbTi superconductor, located inside a Cu cage. In order to assure a high level of reliability (failure probability not exceeding 10-8) for some 10000 connections in the LHC, a non-destructive technique of checking the quantity of solder in the joint is planned to be implemented. The technique is based on a gamma ray source (241_Am) and the detection is position-sensitive in the transmission mode. 5 scintillating detectors of gamma rays are used and their accumulated length corresponds to the length of the radioactive source (120 mm). The method can be used in-situ, the equipment being optimized and portable, with implementation of direct on-line operation mode. The relevant criteria of acceptance of the splices have been defined. The first results of application of this technique will be shown.  
 
WEPKF022 Electro-mechanical Aspects of the Interconnection of the LHC Superconducting Corrector Magnets kicker, undulator, bunching, alignment 1645
 
  • J.-P.G. Tock, D. Bozzini, F. Laurent, S. Russenschuck, B. Skoczen
    CERN, Geneva
  In addition to the main 1232 bending dipoles and 474 focusing and defocusing quadrupoles, more than 6800 superconducting corrector magnets are included in the LHC machine. They are housed in the superfluid helium enclosures of the main cryomagnets. Among them, the closed orbit correctors (sextupole and octupole) are integrated in the main quadrupole helium vessel and they are powered via an externally routed cryogenic line (line N). During the assembly, these corrector magnets have to be connected according to a complex electrical scheme based on the optical requirements of the LHC machine. Along the 27-km long LHC machine, 440 interconnection boxes are installed and will allow the powering of the correctors by means of a 42-wires auxiliary bus-bar cable, of which the corresponding wires have to be routed to the SSS from the interconnection box. Stringent requirements in terms of volume, mechanical resistance, electrical conductance and insulation, reliability, and respect of the electrical schematics apply during the assembly and splicing of the junctions inside the line-N box. The activities and their sequence, aiming at ensuring the fulfilment of these requirements are presented. The planned activities (assembly, ultrasonic welding, general and electrical inspection, and electrical qualification) and the interactions between the various intervening teams are described.  
 
WEPKF024 The Geometry of the LHC Main Dipole kicker, undulator, bunching, beamloading 1648
 
  • E.Y. Wildner, J. Beauquis, G. Gubello, M. La China, W. Scandale
    CERN, Geneva
  The 15 m long main dipole of the Large Hadron Collider has a curvature following the beam trajectory with the aim to minimize the necessary coil aperture. To avoid feed-down effects and mechanical aperture restrictions strong constraints have to be imposed on the construction of the magnet in terms of tolerances and stability of the cold mass during transport, cryostating, cold tests and installation in the LHC tunnel. In this paper we show the behaviour of the shape of the magnet using available measurements taken at different stages of construction and assembly. In particular we discuss the evolution of the sagitta and the positioning of the corrector magnets that are used to compensate the multipole field errors. We propose alignment procedures to be used in case magnets are out of tolerance after transport and cold tests. The twist of the magnet and its relation to the field angle will also be discussed.  
 
WEPKF025 Experience with the Hydrostatic Levelling System of the SLS kicker, undulator, bunching, beamloading 1651
 
  • F.Q. Wei, L. Rivkin, A. Wrulich
    PSI, Villigen
  The Hydrostatic Levelling System (HLS) of the SLS was installed and commissioned in year 2000. It is a measurement system for monitoring the vertical positions of the SLS storage ring girders. It is integrated in the concept of dynamic alignment. The HLS was modified and re-calibrated in 2002. Since January 2003 the system has collected approximately 2 million measurements. The analysis of the data shows that displacement of the SLS storage ring foundation and the girder support was in the range of 0.15 mm in year 2003. The long term HLS stability was significantly improved. The short term precision of the HLS is in the micrometer range. The experience gained on the HLS is presented.  
 
WEPKF026 Kicker Pulser with High Stability for the BESSY FEL kicker, undulator, bunching, beamloading 1654
 
  • J. Feikes, O. Dressler, J. Kuszynski
    BESSY GmbH, Berlin
  In the BESSY FEL design a kicker system is forseen to extract electron bunches from the main LINAC into two FEL beam lines, beside the straigth main beamline. Sine half wave pulsers with a repetion rate of up to 1 kHz and modest pulse currents of 120A will be used. To receive the maximum FEL gain, it is crucial, that the extracted bunches enter well centered into the undulators. Hence, the extraction demands for very high short-term stability of the magnetic field (shot to shot). A kicker pulse amplitude with a relative amplitude jitter smaller than 5* 10-5 would be tolerable ?more than one order smaller than the jitter of conventional BESSY II kicker systems in use. A new highly stable semiconductor based kicker pulser prototype was designed, built and tested at BESSY. It was shown that the stability of the pulse current fulfills the FEL requirements. The pulser design, its layout and the corresponding pulse current jitter measurements are presented.  
 
WEPKF029 The Vacuum System of the Australian Synchrotron kicker, undulator, bunching, beamloading 1663
 
  • E. Huttel
    FZK-ISS-ANKA, Karlsruhe
  • B. Barg, A. Jackson, B. Mountford
    ASP, Melbourne
  A 3 GeV Synchrotron Radiation Source is being built in Melbourne, Australia. The storage ring has a circumference of 216 m and has a 14 fold DBA structure. The vacuum chambers of the storage ring will be made from stainless steel. They consist of a beam chamber (width 70, height 32mm ) connected to an ante chamber, where lumped absorbers and lumped ion pumps are installed. No distributed absorber and pumps are foreseen. The nominal pumping speed of the complete ring is 31 000 l/s. The vacuum chamber of an achromat will be baked ex situ and installed under vacuum. The design of the chamber, the pump configuration and the expected vacuum behaviour will be presented.  
 
WEPKF030 The Storage Ring Magnets of the Australian Synchrotron kicker, undulator, bunching, beamloading 1666
 
  • E. Huttel
    FZK-ISS-ANKA, Karlsruhe
  • B. Barg, A. Jackson, G. LeBlanc
    ASP, Melbourne
  • J. Tanabe
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  A 3 GeV Synchrotron Radiation Source is being built up in Melbourne, Australia. The storage ring has a circumference of 216 m and has a 14 fold DBA structure. For the storage ring the following magnets are required: 28 gradient dipoles, with B = 1.3 T, B’ = 3.35 T/m, 56 quadrupoles with a gradient of B’ = 18 T/m, 28 quadrupoles with a gradient of 9 T/m, 56 sextupoles with d2B/dr2 = 320 T/m2 and 42 with 150 T/m2. The design of pole faces was done by scaling the SPEAR III pole face to the required gap and bore of the ASP storage ring magnets. The sextupoles will be equipped with coils for horizontal and vertical correction and for a skew quadrupole. The design of the magnets and the calculated magnetic properties will be presented.  
 
WEPKF031 Magnetic Field Correction of the Bending Magnets of the 1.5 GeV HDSM kicker, undulator, bunching, beamloading 1669
 
  • F. Hagenbuck, P. Jennewein, K.-H. Kaiser
    IKP, Mainz
  Beam dynamics of the Harmonic Double Sided Microtron (HDSM), the fourth stage of MAMI, require a very precise magnetic field in the inhomogeneous bending magnets. By measuring the vertical field component By in and on both sides of the midplane, the complete set of field components Bx, By, Bz was determined in the whole gap. Starting from this the asymmetric pole surface current distribution necessary to correct both symmetric and antisymmetric field errors was calculated. However, tracking calculations showed that the influence of skewed field components on the beam deflection are negligible, so that symmetric field corrections are sufficient. Nevertheless, in order to demonstrate the functioning, a set of asymmetric correction coils was built and successfully tested. The symmetric coils are designed to reduce field errors below 2*10-4. Deflection errors in the fringe field region near the magnet corners, which cannot be corrected by surface currents, will be compensated by vertical iron shims in combination with small dipoles on each beam pipe.  
 
WEPKF032 A General Method for 2d Magnet Pole Design kicker, undulator, bunching, beamloading 1672
 
  • Z. Martí, J. Campmany, M. Traveria
    LLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)
  Accurate conventional combined magnets working in saturation are currently required to fulfil the increasing demands on low emittance accelerators with long straight sections required by the newest Synchrotron Light Sources. This fact yields stringent requirements on pole profile design, manufacture and characterization. The aim of this poster is to present a general method for designing two-dimensional pole profiles. To this end, we have set up a procedure with which to select an optimum pole profile in 2D without the constraint of relying on a set of initial assumptions, not only a particular set of initial parameters but even a particular pole profile model. Moreover, we have developed a group of codes that can be compiled and run on MS-DOS or UNIX which use POISSON or OPERA-2d codes. This procedure also includes the evaluation of the sensitivity of the final pole profile to geometrical and current intensity errors for tolerance estimation, a big requirement in this context. In order to test the feasibility of this method, we have applied it to the case of the 1.2 T combined magnet of the new synchrotron to be built nearby Barcelona.  
 
WEPKF033 Application of Finite Volume Integral Approach to Computing of 3D Magnetic Fields Created by Distributed Iron-dominated Electromagnet Structures kicker, bunching, beamloading, antiproton 1675
 
  • O.V. Chubar, C. Benabderrahmane, O. Marcouillé, F. Marteau
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
  • J. Chavanne, P. Elleaume
    ESRF, Grenoble
  Iron-dominated electromagnet structures are traditionally considered as a domain of applications of the Finite-Element Method (FEM). FEM computer codes provide high accuracy for "close circuit" type geometries, however they are much less efficient for distributed geometries consisting of many spatially separated magnets interacting with each other. Examples of such geometries related to particle accelerators are insertion devices, quadrupole and sextupole magnets located close to each other, magnets with combined functions. Application of the finite volume integral approach implemented in the Radia 3D magnetostatics code to solving such geometries is described. In this approach, space around individual magnets does not require any meshing. An adaptive segmentation of iron parts, with the segmenting planes being roughly perpendicular or parallel to the expected directions of magnetic flux lines, minimizes dramatically the necessary CPU and memory resources. If a geometry is, nevertheless, too big for its complete interaction matrix to fit into memory, a special scheme of relaxation "by parts" can be applied. The results of calculations made for the SOLEIL electromagnet undulator HU256 will be presented.  
 
WEPKF034 The Modified DAFNE Wigglers kicker, bunching, beamloading, antiproton 1678
 
  • S. Guiducci, S. Bertolucci, M. Incurvati, M.A. Preger, P. Raimondi, C. Sanelli, F. Sgamma
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  Modifications to the pole shape of a spare wiggler have been tested to increase the width of the good field region, with the aim of reducing the effect of nonlinearities affecting the dynamic aperture and the beam-beam interaction. Additional plates realized with the same material of the pole have been machined in several shapes and glued on the poles. Accurate measurements of the vertical field component on the horizontal symmetry plane of the magnet have been performed to find the best profile. The particle motion inside the measured field has been simulated to minimize the field integral on the trajectory, to determine the wiggler transfer matrix and to estimate the amount of non linear contributions. All wigglers in the collider have been modified to the optimized pole shape. Measurements with beam performed with the modified wigglers show a significant reduction of nonlinearities.  
 
WEPKF035 Analysis of the Cold Mass Displacements at the TTF kicker, bunching, beamloading, antiproton 1681
 
  • A. Bosotti, C. Pagani, P. Pierini
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  • R. De Monte, M. Ferianis
    ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
  • R. Lange
    DESY, Hamburg
  Few of the TTF cryomodules have been equipped with wire position monitors (WPM) in order to monitor on line the displacements of the cold mass to verify alignment stability and reproducibility . Based on the operation experience of the first prototypical cryomodules, equipped with up to 36 WPMs distributed in two strings, on the last generation cryomodules a single string of 7 sensors has been installed. Here we review and analyze the data collected so far to prove that the the proposed cryomodule design is consistent with the TESLA alignment requirements.  
 
WEPKF070 Design Issues for the Superconducting Magnet that goes around the Liquid Hydrogen Absorber for the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) focusing, klystron, alignment, bunching 1765
 
  • M.A. Green, G. Barr, J. Cobb, W. Lau, R.S. Senanayake, H. Witte, S.Q. Yang
    OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon
  • E. Baynham, T.W. Bradshaw, P. Drumm, Y. Ivanyushenkov, J. Rochford
    CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  This report describes the design issues that are associated with a superconducting focusing solenoid that goes around a liquid hydrogen absorber for the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) proposed for the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. The solenoid consists of two superconducting coils that may operated at the same polarity or at opposite polarities. As a result, the coils and their support structure must be designed to carry a 300 ton inter-coil force that is forcing the coils apart along their axis. The basic design parameters for the focusing magnet are discussed. The magnet and its cryostat are designed so that the absorber can be assembled and tested before installation into the pre-tested focusing solenoid. A safety requirements for MICE dictate that the insulating vacuum for the superconducting magnet be separated from the insulating vacuum for the absorber and that both vacuum be separated from the experiment vacuum and the vacuum within adjacent RF cavities. The safety issues associated with the arrangement of the various vacuums in the MICE focusing modules are presented. The effect of magnet operation and magnet quench on the liquid hydrogen absorber is also discussed.  
 
WEPKF071 A New Current Regulator for the APS Storage Ring Correction Magnet Bipolar Switching Mode Power Converters focusing, klystron, alignment, bunching 1768
 
  • J. Wang
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois
  The correction magnets in the Advanced Photon Source's storage ring are powered by PWM-controlled bipolar switching-mode converters. These converters are designed to operate at up to ± 150 A. The original current regulator used a polarity detection circuit, with a hysteresis, to determine which IGBT was needed to regulate the current with a given polarity. Only the required IGBT was switched while others were held on or off continuously. The overall IGBT switching losses were minimized by the design. The shortcoming of the design is that the converter's output is unstable near zero current because of the hysteresis. To improve the stability, a new current regulator, using a different PWM method, has been designed to eliminate the requirement of the polarity detection. With the new design, converters can operate smoothly in the full range of ±150 A. The new design also meets tighter specs in terms of the ripple current and dynamic response. This paper describes the design of the new regulator and the test results.  
 
WEPLT085 Vertcal Effective Impedance Mapping of the ESRF Storage Ring injection, impedance, antiproton, damping 2050
 
  • T. Perron, L. Farvacque, E. Plouviez
    ESRF, Grenoble
  Transverse impedance increase due to installation of low gap vacuum chambers is a general effect observed in synchrotron light sources. ESRF has been sensitive to this increase of impedance, as its single bunch threshold has dramatically decreased. This paper presents a method based on closed orbit distortion measurements, witch allows to measure locally the vertical effective impedance. Results of measurements performed on low gap vacuum chambers and in-vacuum ondulators are presented. As an extension to this experiment, a new global method is discussed. This method, also based on closed orbit measurement allows measuring simultaneously all areas of high impedance in the machine  
 
WEPLT086 Non Gaussien Transverse Distributions in a Stochastic Model for Beam Halos injection, impedance, antiproton, damping 2053
 
  • N. Cufaro Petroni
    INFN-Bari, Bari
  • S. De Martino, S. De Siena, F. Illuminati
    Universita' degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello, Baronissi
  The formation of the beam halo in charged particle accelerators is studied in a dynamical stochastic model for the collective motion of the particle beam. The density and the phase of the charged beam obey a set of coupled nonlinear hydrodynamic equations with time-reversal invariance. The linearized theory for this collective dynamics is given in terms of a classical Schroedinger equation. Self-consistent solutions with space-charge effects lead to quasi-stationary beam configurations with enhanced transverse dispersion and transverse emittance growth. In the limit of a frozen space-charge core it is possible to determine and study the properties of stationary, stable core-plus-halo beam distributions. We explore the effect of non-Gaussian transverse distributions. In this case the underling stochastic process is allowed to jump, and the transverse distribution tails are heavier than in the Gaussian case giving rise to a halo effect. The stationary transverse distribution plays the role of an attractor for every other distribution, and we give an estimation of the time needed by a non stationary, halo-free distribution to relax toward the stationary distribution with a halo.  
 
WEPLT090 Nonlinear Evolution of the Beam in Phase Space at Elettra injection, impedance, antiproton, damping 2056
 
  • S. Di Mitri, L. Tosi
    ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
  Phase space in the Elettra storage ring has been investigated. The beam is kicked and the coordinates of the bunch centroid are acquired for at least 1000 turns. A Hilbert transform has been used to deduce the evolution of beam phase space from position coordinates. Several nonlinear effects have been detected, such as the amplitude dependence of the betatron tune, the presence of high order and coupling resonances. Fixed points have been evidenced as well as the behaviour of the beam in their neighbourhood. Scans in lifetime versus tune confirm the limiting effect of the observed resonances on the region of regular motion.  
 
WEPLT091 Frequency Map Analysis with the Insertion Devices at ELETTRA impedance, antiproton, damping, booster 2059
 
  • S. Di Mitri, L. Tosi
    ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
  • L.G. Liu
    SSRF, Shanghai
  Frequency map analysis is a very efficient technique for the understanding of the resonances which may affect the stability of the electrons. Measurements correlated to simulations can provide a method to improve beam lifetime and injection efficiency that is particulary important in the case of top up operation. In this paper, the results of frequency map measurements and simulations for the ELETTRA storage ring are presented both for the bare lattice as well as for the case in which insertion devices are operational.  
 
WEPLT092 Equilibrium Longitudinal Distribution for Localized Regularized Inductive Wake impedance, antiproton, damping, booster 2062
 
  • S. Petracca, T. Demma
    U. Sannio, Benevento
  • K. Hirata
    GUAS, Kanagawa
  In a recent paper [*] we have shown that a localized wake assumption and the Gaussian approximation for the longitudinal beam distribution function can be used to understand the nature of the stationary solutions for the inductive wake, by comparison between the resulting map and the Haissinski equation, which rules the (less realistic) case of a uniformly distributed wake. In particular we showed the non-existence of solutions of Haissinski's equation when the inductive wake strength exceeds a certain threshold [**] to correspond to the onset of chaos in the map evolving the moments of the beam distribution from turn to turn. In this paper we use the same formalism to confirm that as noted in [**] for Haissinski's equation, a steady state solution for the longitudinal phase space distribution function always exists if a physically regularized inductive wake, which satisfies an obvious causality condition, is used.

* S. Petracca and Th. Demma, Proc. of the 2003 PAC, IEEE Press, New York, 2003, ISBN 0-7803-7739-9, p.2996.** Y. Shobuda and K. Hirata, Part. Accel. vol. 62, 165 (1999).

 
 
WEPLT093 Electromagnetic Fields of an Off-axis Bunch in a Circular Pipe with Finite Conductivity and Thickness - I impedance, antiproton, damping, booster 2065
 
  • S. Petracca, L. Cappetta, T. Demma
    U. Sannio, Benevento
  The electromagnetic field produced by a bunched beam in a circular pipe is usually computed under the assumption that the field penetration(skin depth) is far less than the wall thickness. Chao [*] gave a formula which exploits the wall thickness, but his result is restricted to the monopole term. Piwinski [**] treated the case of a metal coated ceramic wall, when the coating thickness is much smaller than the skin-depth, but his analysis is also limited to the monopole term.In this paper we solve the problem in full generality, by providing an exact (Green's functions) solution for the field of an off-axis point particle running at constant velocity in a circular pipe with finite wall conductivity and thickness.

* A.W. Chao, Phys. of Collective Beam Instab. in High En. Accel., Wiley,1993** S. Piwinski, DESY 1972/72

 
 
WEPLT094 Electromagnetic Fields of an Off-axis Bunched Beam in a Circular Pipe with Finite Conductivity and Thickness - II impedance, antiproton, damping, booster 2068
 
  • S. Petracca, L. Cappetta, T. Demma
    U. Sannio, Benevento
  • R.P. Croce
    Universita' degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello, Baronissi
  The general exact solution exploited [*] is applied, introducing suitable dimensionless parameters, and using appropriate asymptotic limiting forms, to compute the wake field multipoles for the different paradigm cases of LHC and DAPHNE.

* R. P. Croce, Th. Demma, S. Petracca "Electromagnetic Fields of an Off-axis Bunch in a Circular Pipe with Finite Conductivity and Thickness", these proceedings

 
 
WEPLT095 Modified Polarizabilities and Wall Impedance for Shielded Perforated Beam Pipes with General Shape antiproton, damping, booster, target 2071
 
  • S. Petracca, T. Demma
    U. Sannio, Benevento
  We extend previous results [*] concerning the modified polarizability of (electrically small) holes/slots in the wall of a circular beam liner surrounded by a coaxial circular tube to the most general liner and cold bore geometries. We obtain an equivalent wall impedance to describe the electromagnetic boundary conditions at perforated walls for this most general case, and use a general perturbational approach [**] for computing the pertinent longitudinal and transverse coupling impedances.

* R.L. Gluckstern, CERN SL 92-06 (AP), 1992, CERN SL 92-31 (AP), 1992; R.L. Gluckstern, B. Zotter, CERN SL 96-56 (AP), 1996.** S. Petracca, Part. Acc., {\bf 50}, 211, 1995; id., Phys. Rev. E, 60 (3),1999.

 
 
WEPLT097 Beam Loading in the RF Deflector of the CTF3 Delay Loop antiproton, damping, booster, target 2074
 
  • D. Alesini, F. Marcellini
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  In this paper we describe the impact of the beam loading in the RF deflectors on the transverse beam dynamics of the CTF3 Delay Loop. The general expression for the single passage wake field is obtained. A dedicated tracking code has been written to study the multi-bunch multi-turn effects on the transverse beam dynamics. A complete analysis for different machine parameters and injection errors is presented and discussed. The numerical simulations show that the beam emittance growth due to the wake field in the RF deflectors is small.  
 
WEPLT098 Experience with Long Term Operation with Demineralized Water Systems at DAFNE antiproton, damping, booster, target 2077
 
  • L. Pellegrino
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  During eight years operation of the Dafne water cooling system we coped with several critical situations and managed successfully specific upgrades to the demineralized water system. Here we revise critically the collected data and the experience gained in the field of copper corrosion and related water treatment.  
 
WEPLT100 Planar Electron Sources and the Electron Trap ELTRAP electron, antiproton, damping, plasma 2080
 
  • M. Cavenago
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  • G. Bettega, F. Cavaliere, A. Illiberi, R. Pozzoli, M. Romé, L. Serafini
    INFN-Milano, Milano
  Filamentation and other space charge effects (both transverse and longitudinal) of intense electron beams, found for example in rf photoinjectors (beam energy 1 MeV, current 100 A), are easily studied in small voltage traps and drift channels (0.01-10 kV), keeping the same perveance order. A suitable Malmberg-Penning trap, named ELTRAP, installed and operated at the University of Milan, is briefly described; trap length ranges from 10 cm to 1 m; an uniform magnetic field confines electron radially. Several experimental regimes were investigated with the internal CW planar electron source: plasma, beam-plasma, beam, depending on the injection/extraction method chosen. Evolution of electron vortices and virtual cathode formation is documented; analogy with meteorologic and astrophysical plasma is discussed. Upgrading with an external laser pulsed electron source is in course. Larger planar sources are also under construction. (Main classification 4: Beam Dynamics and Electro-magnetic Fields; D03 High Intensity, Incoherent Instabilities, Space Charge, Halos, Cooling; Other classification 8: Low and Intermediate Energy Accelerators and Sources; T12 Beam Injection/Extraction and Transport; T02 Lepton sources)  
 
WEPLT101 On-line Mechanical Instabilities Measurements and Tuner Development in SC Low-beta Resonators electron, antiproton, plasma, booster 2083
 
  • A. Facco, E. Bissiato, S. Canella, D. Carlucci, M. Lollo, F. Scarpa, D. Zenere
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  The use of high-Q and small rf bandwidth superconducting quarter wave resonators made of bulk niobium put severe requirements to the helium bath pressure stability to avoid cavity detuning. This is not always possible, and cavity detuning caused by slow pressure changes must be precisely followed by the cavity tuner. The LNL philosophy is based on mechanical damping of cavity vibrations and mechanical tuning in feedback for slow frequency compensation. The old-fashioned tuners installed in the ALPI linac had significant performance limitations. To replace them, we have designed, constructed and tested a new tuner which integrates the LNL system and control with the TRIUMF, backlash-free tuner leverage design. The new tuner is designed to compensate pressure changes up to 100 mbar/minute with a precision of 0.5 Hz, and it will be installed in the ALPI resonators. An upgraded prototype for future applications includes a piezoelectric actuator for fast tuning. Tuner characteristics and first test results will be presented. This system is extendable to other low-beta cavity types like superconducting rfqs.  
 
WEPLT102 Electron Cooling Experiments at HIMAC Synchrotron antiproton, plasma, booster, target 2086
 
  • K. Noda, T. Furukawa, T. Honma, S. Shibuya, D. Tan, T. Uesugi
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • T. Iwashima
    AEC, Chiba
  • I.N. Meshkov, E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • S. Ninomiya
    RCNP, Osaka
  In the HIMAC synchrotron, the electron cooling experiments have been carried out since 2000 in order to develop new technologies in heavy-ion therapy and related research. Among of them, especially, the cool-stacking method has been studied to increase the intensity of heavy ions such as Fe and Ni in order to study the risk estimation of the radiation exposure in space. The simulation was carried out in order to optimize the stacking intensity under various the injection periods. In addition, the beam heating by the RF-KO and the clearing the secondary ion in the cooler were applied to avoid the instability occurred when the beam density became high. We will report the experiment results.  
 
WEPLT103 Radiation Damage in Magnets for Undulators at Low Temperature radiation, antiproton, plasma, booster 2089
 
  • T. Bizen, X. Maréchal, T. Seike
    JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo
  • Y. Asano
    JAERI/SPring-8, Hyogo
  • T. Hara, H. Kitamura, T. Tanaka
    RIKEN Spring-8 Harima, Hyogo
  • D.E. Kim, H.S. Lee
    PAL, Pohang
  Nd2Fe14B permanent magnets are used in many insertion devices for its good magnetic and mechanical properties. However, the radiation sensitivity of the magnets would be concern when they are used in a strong radiation environment. It is known that these magnets with very high coercivity show high resistance to radiation, though the substance for increasing the coercivity decrease the remanence. The coercivity and remanence of this magnet exhibit negative dependence against temperature, so it is expected to these magnets to show high remanence and high resistance to radiation at low temperature. The idea of using magnets at low temperature leads the new concept of the cryogenic undulators. In this report, the experimental results of the radiation damage of permanent magnets at low temperature are shown.  
 
WEPLT105 Beam-Beam Effects Measured Using Gated Monitors at KEKB radiation, antiproton, plasma, electron 2092
 
  • T. Ieiri, Y. Funakoshi, T. Kawamoto, M. Masuzawa, M. Tawada, M. Tobiyama, S.S. Win
    KEK, Ibaraki
  KEKB is a multi-bunch, high-current, electron/positron collider for B meson physics. The two beams collide at one interaction point (IP) with a finite horizontal crossing angle and with a bunch-space of 6 to 8 ns. The luminosity of KEKB is the best in the world. The collision is performed by carefully adjusting a horizontal orbit bump of the electron beam at IP, which results in a horizontal offset to obtain the best luminosity. In order to investigate the asymmetric beam-beam effects, beam parameters of collision and non-collision bunches were compared using beam monitors capable of selecting a specific bunch in a bunch train. The beam-beam kick and the beam-beam tune-shift were obtained by the gated beam-position monitor and by the gated tune monitor. It was found that the horizontal offset was negligibly small in the case of a wide bunch-space of 48 ns. This result suggests that the horizontal offset is related to wake fields including electron-cloud effects.  
 
THPKF031 High Power (35 KW and 190 KW) 352 MHZ Solid State Amplifiers for Synchrotron SOLEIL beamloading, damping, beamlosses, linac 2335
 
  • P. Marchand, R.L. Lopes, J. Polian, F. Ribeiro, T. Ruan
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
  In the SOLEIL Storage Ring (SR), two cryomodules, each containing a pair of superconducting cavities will provide the maximum power of 600 kW, required at the nominal energy of 2.75 GeV with the full beam current of 500 mA and all the insertion devices. Each of the four cavities will be powered with a 190 kW solid state amplifier consisting in a combination of 315 W elementary modules (about 750 modules per amplifier). The amplifier modules, based on a technology developed in house, with MOSFET transistor, integrated circulator and individual power supply, will be fabricated in the industry. In the booster, a 40 kW solid state amplifier (147 modules) will power a 5-cell copper cavity of the LEP type. The status and the test results of the different parts of the equipment are reported in this paper.  
 
THPKF064 Status of Kharkov X-ray Generator based on Compton Scattering NESTOR target, gun, simulation, beamlosses 2409
 
  • A.Y. Zelinsky, V.P. Androsov, E.V. Bulyak, I.V. Drebot, P. Gladkikh, V.A. Grevtsev, V.A. Ivashchenko, I.M. Karnaukhov, V. Lapshin, V. Markov, N.I. Mocheshnikov, A. Mytsykov, F.A. Peev, A.V. Rezaev, A.A. Shcherbakov, V.L. Skirda, V.A. Skomorokhov, Y.N. Telegin, V.I. Trotsenko
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  • A. Agafonov, A.N. Lebedev
    LPI, Moscow
  • J.I.M. Botman
    TUE, Eindhoven
  • T.R. Tatchyn
    SLAC/SSRL, Menlo Park, California
  Nowadays the sources of the X-rays based on a storage ring with low beam energy and Compton scattering of intense laser beam are under development in several laboratories. In the paper the state-of-art in development and construction of cooperative project of a Kharkov advanced X-ray source NESTOR based on electron storage ring with beam energy 43 - 225 MeV and Nd:YAG laser is described. The layout of the facility is presented and main results and constructing timetable are described. The designed lattice includes 4 dipole magnets with combined focusing functions, 20 quadrupole magnets and 19 sextupoles with octupole component of magnetic field. At the present time a set of quadrupole magnet is under manufacturing and bending magnet reconstruction is going on. The main parameters of developed vacuum system providing residual gas pressure in the storage ring vacuum chamber up to 10-9 torr are presented along with testing measurement at NSC KIPT vacuum bench. The facility is going to be in operation in the middle of 2006 and generated X-rays flux is expexted to be of about 1013 phot/s.  
 
THPKF066 Conception of X-ray Source Based on Compact Wakefield Undulator target, gun, simulation, undulator 2412
 
  • A. Opanasenko
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  Study of interaction of bunched charged ultrarelativistic particles with own wakefields in periodic rf structures detects new applications in the area of accelerator physics and technology. Conception of monochromatic X-ray source based on wakefield undulator, WFU, with very short period is presented. In the base of photon generation by the WFU lies a new mechanism of undulator-type radiation emitted by an ultrarelativistic electron bunch that undulates due to non-synchronous spatial harmonics of its wakefields while the bunch moves along a periodic waveguide. The features of the hard radiation and yield of photons depending on waveguide sizes and charge distribution are considered. The creation of the WFU with sub-millimetre periods due to advanced accelerator technology, such as deep X-ray lithography, opens possibilities to obtain high brightness X-rays at employing comparatively low electron energies without external alternative fields. That can have commercial significance for technological and medical applications.  
 
THPKF067 Progress of the DIAMOND Storage Ring and Injector Design. target, gun, simulation, undulator 2415
 
  • S.L. Smith, D.J. Holder, J.K. Jones, J.A. Varley, N.G. Wyles
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  • R. Bartolini, I.P.S. Martin, B. Singh
    Diamond, Oxfordshire
  DIAMOND is a state of the art 3 GeV synchrotron light source that will be available to users in 2007. Considerable further progress has been made on the accelerator physics design of the storage ring, booster and other associated injector systems. Detailed analysis of injection processes, lifetime, coupling, instabilities, feedback systems and dynamic aperture have been undertaken driven by the procurement activity and the desire to fully understand all aspects of the accelerator's performance.  
 
THPKF068 An Advanced Light Source Proposed for the South Eastern USA target, lattice, gun, emittance 2418
 
  • V.P. Suller, M.G. Fedurin, J. Hormes
    LSU/CAMD, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
  • D. Einfeld
    CELLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)
  • G. Vignola
    SESAME, Amman
  At this time CAMD, a 1.3 GeV second generation storage ring, is the only synchrotron radiation facility in the Southeastern USA. To cater for the increasing demand for synchrotron light in this region a study is being made for a new high performance source. In keeping with its role as a regional source, it must be economical to construct and operate yet provide high brightness beams from its Insertion Devices. These will need to span both the soft X-ray region (1-2 keV) and the X-ray region up to at least 13 keV. A high brightness 3rd generation source is described which exhibits a beam emittance less than 10 nm rads at an energy of 2.5 GeV. By using a lattice cell derived from the Theoretical Minimum Emittance type, this performance is achieved in a circumference of only approximately 160 m. The economical, yet flexible, lattice uses vertically focusing gradient in the dipoles. The lattice functions and other parameters are presented of both a 12 cell double bend design and a 10 cell triple bend. The 12 cell gives a horizontal emittance of 8.5 nm rads and the 10 cell 4.6 nm rads. The dynamical stability of both lattices is described together with the beam performance from the anticipated insertion devices. The current status of the proposal is explained.  
 
THPKF069 Improvements to, and Current Status of, the CAMD Light Source target, lattice, gun, emittance 2421
 
  • V.P. Suller, M.G. Fedurin, P. Jines, D.J. Launey, T.A. Miller, Y. Wang
    LSU/CAMD, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
  Throughout 2003 a sustained program of modifications and improvements has been applied to the CAMD light source. These affected the 7 Tesla wiggler, the RF system, the magnet power supplies, the control system, the diagnostics and the injector linac. These modifications and their impact on the storage ring performance are described, together with an analysis of where future improvements should be directed. The present performance and limitations of CAMD are described.  
 
THPKF070 A Beam Based Alignment System at the CAMD Light Source target, gun, emittance, simulation 2424
 
  • V.P. Suller, E.J. Anzalone, A.J. Crappell, M.G. Fedurin, T.A. Miller
    LSU/CAMD, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
  Beam based alignment is being applied to the CAMD light source. It is implemented by a flexible and versatile system of electronic shunts which are applied to each of the storage ring lattice quadrupoles. The essential design features of the electronic shunts are described as is the routine operation of the full system. The improvement to the corrected closed orbit from using the system is shown. Preliminary results are presented of the use of the shunts for correcting the lattice functions.  
 
THPKF071 Linear Coupling and Lifetime Issues in the DIAMOND Storage Ring target, coupling, gun, simulation 2427
 
  • R. Bartolini
    Diamond, Oxfordshire
  • N.G. Wyles
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  In synchrotron light sources the correction of the linear coupling is an important issue related to the brightness of the photon beam and to the beam lifetime. The vertical emittance of the electron beam in the DIAMOND storage ring will be controlled using 168 skew quadrupoles embedded in the sextupoles of the ring. In this paper we report the linear coupling estimates for the expected misalignment errors and we compare the results of coupling correction with different correction strategies. The effect on lifetimes is also discussed.  
 
THPLT052 Measurement of Relative Gas Chamber Pressure in Narrow Straight Section Vacuum Vessels by Observing Gas Bremstrahlung antiproton, positron, radiation, scattering 2598
 
  • G.A. Naylor, B. Joly, D. Robinson
    ESRF, Grenoble
  The measurement of gas pressure inside long, small cross section, vacuum vessels is difficult due to the distance between the centre of the vacuum vessel and vacuum gauges (leading to a low vacuum conductance). Following initial chamber installation, significant out-gassing is observed leading to a significant pressure bump within the chamber. A modified beam loss detector has been developed in order to monitor the gamma radiation produced by the collision of the 6GeV electrons in the storage ring with residual gas atoms. The narrow beam of gamma radiation is intercepted at various points by high Z materials in the beam line front-end allowing a radiation shower to be detected outside the vacuum vessel proportional to the gas pressure in the corresponding storage ring straight section. Various locations are considerred and results shown.  
 
THPLT053 Fast Orbit Feedback Developments at ELETTRA antiproton, feedback, positron, radiation 2601
 
  • D. Bulfone, R. De Monte, M. Ferianis, V. Forchi', M. Lonza
    ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
  A number of fast local orbit feedback stations are being sequentially installed at ELETTRA to improve the stability of the electron beam at the Insertion Device source points. They rely on Beam Position Monitors equipped with digital detector electronics that provides high precision and readout rate. The local feedback stations will be integrated in a fast global orbit feedback system, which is the goal of the ongoing developments. The performance and the operational experience gained with the local feedback systems are presented together with the planned road map towards the global system.  
 
THPLT054 Emittance Diluition due to 3D Perturbations in RF Photoinjectors. antiproton, feedback, positron, radiation 2604
 
  • M. Quattromini, L. Giannessi, C. Ronsivalle
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
  The predictions from different simulation codes are compared to investigate the effects of non axis-symmetric conditions, fluctuations in cathode's quantum efficiency and other sources of dishomogeneities in the performances of a typical RF photoinjector. The layout includes a RF gun and a focusing solenoid in a configuration aimed at minimizing the emittance growth due to space charge effects.  
 
THPLT055 Longitudinal Phase Space Characterization of the CTF3 Beam with the RF Deflector antiproton, feedback, positron, radiation 2607
 
  • D. Alesini, C. Biscari, A. Ghigo, F. Marcellini
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • R. Corsini
    CERN, Geneva
  The characterization of the longitudinal phase space of the CTF3 beam is an important item for tuning all machine parameters and increase the 30 GHz power production. By means of an RF deflector and a dispersive system the longitudinal phase space can be completely characterized. In this paper we present the simulation of the measurement and the mechanical layout of the full system.  
 
THPLT056 Horizontal Instability and Feedback Performance in DAFNE e+ Ring antiproton, feedback, radiation, scattering 2610
 
  • A. Drago
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  In DAFNE, after the 2003 shutdown for the installation of FINUDA, a strong horizontal multibunch instability was found to limit the positron beam current at the level of ~450 mA. We have performed transverse grow-damp measurements in order to estimate the instability growth rates as well as the feedback damping rates for each bunch at different beam currents and to evaluate the tune shift along the bunch train. In particular, a strong dependence of oscillation amplitudes on the relative position of the bunch in the train has been observed. In this paper we describe the setup for multibunch oscillation amplitude recording, discuss the transverse feedback performance and summarize some observations on the transverse instability. The feedback rises the threshold by about a factor of two, depending on the machine configuration.  
 
THPLT057 An RF Deflector Design for 6d Phase Space Characterization of the Sparc Beam antiproton, feedback, radiation, scattering 2613
 
  • C. Vaccarezza, D. Alesini
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • M. Amadei, P. Cascavola, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo
    Rome University La Sapienza, Roma
  • J. Rosenzweig
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California
  The characterization of the longitudinal and transverse phase space of the beam provided by the SPARC photoinjector is a crucial point to establish the performance quality of the photoinjector itself. By means of an RF deflector and a dispersive system, the six dimensional beam phase space can be analyzed. A five cell SW aluminum prototype of the SPARC RF deflector has been realized and tested. We report in this paper the design issues together with the RF measurement results. The simulation results of the 6D phase space reconstruction of the SPARC beam are also presented.  
 
THPLT058 Commissioning of the OTR Beam Profile Monitor System at TTF/VUV-FEL Injector antiproton, feedback, scattering, cyclotron 2616
 
  • A. Cianchi, L. Catani, E.C. Chiadroni
    INFN-Roma II, Roma
  • M. Castellano, G. Di Pirro
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • K. Honkavaara
    DESY, Hamburg
  • M. Raparelli
    Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma
  The TESLA Test Facility (TTF) linac at DESY is being extended to an energy of 1 GeV to drive a new Free Electron Laser facility (VUV-FEL)with wavelengths between 100 nm and 6 nm.Beam profile monitors based on optical transition radiation (OTR) are one of the most important electron beam diagnostics tools. The OTR imaging system is designed to measure the transverse beam size and shape with a resolution down to 10 um. The images are digitized by CCD cameras. A network structure allows a simpler topology to connect the large number of cameras (24).This paper considers the commissioning of the OTR beam profile monitors during the first running period of the injector in spring 2004.  
 
THPLT059 Design Study of a Movable Emittance Meter Device for the SPARC Photoinjector antiproton, emittance, feedback, scattering 2619
 
  • A. Cianchi, L. Catani
    INFN-Roma II, Roma
  • M. Boscolo, M. Castellano, A. Clozza, G. Di Pirro, M. Ferrario, D. Filippetto, V. Fusco
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • L. Giannessi, L. Picardi, M. Quattromini, C. Ronsivalle
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
  Preliminary studies of the SPARC rf gun are planned to obtain an accurate analysis and optimization of the emittance compensation scheme, measuring the beam emittance evolution downstream the RF gun with an appropriate diagnostic system. Since with a space charge dominated beam the use of the quad-scan method is not possible a 1D pepper-pot method will be used. A mask with narrow slits will be mounted on a movable support, spanning a 1.5 m meters region to measure the emittance in several positions and reconstruct its behavior in the post gun section. Numerical simulations of the measurement process, mainly based on PARMELA and TREDI, are used to estimate the achievable accuracy and to optimize the experimental setup. Wake field effects induced by the beam propagation through the long bellows have been also investigated with HOMDYN. Based on these simulations the design of the apparatus, called emittance-meter, has been realized and is under construction at LNF.  
 
THPLT060 An Automatic Beam Characterization Instrument for Proton Therapy Applications antiproton, emittance, feedback, scattering 2622
 
  • D. Giove, C. De Martinis, M. Mauri
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  • C. Cirrone, G. Cuttone
    INFN/LNS, Catania
  The characterization in the transverse plane of the beam is a fundamental step in the design of a proton therapy facility. In this paper we will describe an automatic system able to measure the transverse profiles of the proton beam used in the Catana facility at LNS-Catania. The system has been designed as an autonomous equipment able to acquire optical images of the beam (after an interaction with a converter) and to elaborate them to extract the relevant parameters. The equipment may be interfaced to the rest of the control system of the facility and to the operator interface to provide high level control and monitoring tools. Operational experience will be discussed and the results so far obtained will be outlined.  
 
THPLT061 Development of a Multibunch Photo-cathode RF Gun System antiproton, gun, emittance, cathode 2625
 
  • J. Urakawa, M. Akemoto, S. Araki, H. Hayano, M. Kuriki, T. Muto, N. Terunuma, Y. Yamazaki
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • M.K. Fukuda, K. Hirano, M. Nomura, M. Takano
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  A multibunch photo-cathode RF gun system has been developed as a electron source for the production of quasi-monoenergetic X-rays based on inverse Compton scattering. This system consists of a photocathode rf gun, a cathode system, a laser system, beam diagnostic sections, and beam dump line. The gun produces 100 bunches with a 2.8ns bunch spacing and 5nC bunch charge. We will report on the RF gun system with 4 bending dipoles of a chicane which makes the laser injection to the cathode with perpendicular angle possible.  
 
THPLT062 Alternating-phase-focused Linac for an Injector of Medical Synchrotrons antiproton, linac, gun, emittance 2628
 
  • Y. Iwata, T. Fujisawa, T. Furukawa, T. Kanai, M. Kanazawa, N. Kanematsu, M. Komori, S. Minohara, T. Murakami, M. Muramatsu, K. Noda, M. Torikoshi, S. Yamada
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • Y.F. Fujii, T. Mitsumoto, H. Tsutsui
    SHI, Tokyo
  • T. Fujimoto, H.O. Ogawa, S. Shibuya
    AEC, Chiba
  • V. Kapin
    MEPhI, Moscow
  Tumor therapy using Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) has been made over ten years at National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). Due to the successful clinical results, the project on developing compact medical accelerators for the tumor therapy has been started. To design these compact facilities, the size of a linac as well as the construction and operation costs is important. To satisfy these requirements, we propose Alternating-Phase-Focused (APF) linac using an Interdigital H-mode cavity. Since the axial and radial focusing of beam is made just with the acceleration rf field, no additional focusing elements is needed for the APF linac. This feature would make the costs lower than those of conventional linacs. The practical design of the APF linac will be presented.  
 
THPLT063 Proposal of Carbon-beam Facility for Cancer Therapy in Japan antiproton, gun, emittance, cathode 2631
 
  • K. Noda, T. Fujisawa, T. Furukawa, Y. Iwata, T. Kanai, M. Kanazawa, N. Kanematsu, A. Kitagawa, Y. Kobayashi, M. Komori, S. Minohara, T. Murakami, M. Muramatsu, S. Sato, Y. Sato, S. Shibuya, E. Takada, O. Takahashi, M. Torikoshi, E. Urakabe, S. Yamada, K. Yoshida
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  Since 1994, the clinical trial at HIMAC has been successfully being progressed and more than 1,700 patients have treated with carbon ions. Owing to the good result of HIMAC, several medical groups in Japan have strongly required the carbon therapy facility. Based on the development of accelerator and the irradiation technologies for 10 years, therefore, we started to design a carbon therapy facility in Japan. The accelerator complex for the facility consists of two ECR ion sources with permanent magnets, an injector linac cascade (RFQ+IH) with the energy of 4 MeV/n, a synchrotron ring with the maximum energy of 400 MeV/n and beam delivery system for three treatment rooms. The R&D for the new facility has been already approved and will be started from April 2004. We will describe the conceptual design of the new facility.  
 
THPLT064 Enhancement of Laser Power from a Mode Lock Laser with an Optical Cavity laser, antiproton, gun, emittance 2634
 
  • M. Nomura, K. Hirano, M. Takano
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • S. Araki, Y. Higashi, T. Taniguchi, J. Urakawa, Y. Yamazaki
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • Y. Honda, N. Sasao, K. Takezawa
    Kyoto University, Kyoto
  • H. Sakai
    ISSP/SRL, Chiba
  We have developed a laser-wire beam monitor to measure a beam profile in the KEK/ATF damping ring. This monitor is based on the inverse Compton scattering with a thin wire of the laser. The laser-wire is produced with a Fabry-Perot optical cavity in which laser power from a CW laser is stored and enhanced up to 1000 times. We have a plan to increase a gamma ray flux by using a pulsed laser instead of the CW laser. There are many applications for such a high flux gamma ray, e.g. medical use, transmutation and so on. We have done a test experiment of laser pulse stacking with a mode lock laser where wavelength is 1064 nm, repetition rate 357MHz, pulse width 7psec(FWHM) and a 42 cm long Fabry-Perot optical cavity. The experimental results show that laser power in the optical cavity can be enhanced by laser pulse stacking.  
 
THPLT065 Study of Multiturn Injection at HIMAC Synchrotron laser, injection, antiproton, gun 2637
 
  • T.H. Uesugi, T. Furukawa, T. Naruse, K. Noda
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • T. Fujimoto, S. Shibuya
    AEC, Chiba
  In the multiturn injection method at the HIMAC synchrotron, a collapsing speed of the bump orbit was decreased from 200 to 350 microseconds in order to obtain higher intensity beam. The injection line was readjusted to satisfy the optimum condition of multiturn injection method. Furthermore, COD correction and bump-orbit optimization were carried out. On the other hand, in order to prevent the resonance by tune shift and to keep the beam intensity constant, tune survey was carried out. While vertical tune is adjusted, we propose that the method to reduce beam loss after injection by expanding vertical beam size by means of the RF-knockout. This paper describes the improvement of injection at HIMAC synchrotron.  
 
THPLT066 Commissioning of 150MeV FFAG Synchronisation laser, antiproton, gun, emittance 2640
 
  • Y. Yonemura, M. Matoba
    Kyushu University, Fukuoka
  • M. Aiba, M. Sugaya
    University of Tokyo, Tokyo
  • S. Machida, Y. Mori, A. Muto, J. Nakano, C. Ohmori, I. Sakai, Y. Sato, A. Takagi, T. Yokoi, M. Yoshii, M. Yoshimoto, Y. Yuasa
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • T. Uesugi
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • A. Yamazaki
    LNS, Sendai
  A 150MeV proton FFAG (Fixed Field Alternating Gradient) synchrotron has been constructed to be a prototype for various applications such as proton beam therapy. At the moment, all the components are assembled, and multi-turn injection and beam storage were successfully performed. We are in the phase of beam acceleration up to final energy and expect the beam extraction in a few months. In this paper, beam commissioning results such as multi-turn injection, orbit correction, tune survey and optimization of RF gymnastics will be presented.  
 
THPLT067 Development of Optical Diffraction Radiation Beam Size Diagnostics at KEK Accelerator Test Facility laser, antiproton, gun, cathode 2643
 
  • V. Karataev, H. Hayano, T. Muto, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • R. Hamatsu
    TMU, Hatioji-shi,Tokyo
  • A. Naumenko, A.P. Potylitsyn
    Tomsk Polytechnic University, Physical-Technical Department, Tomsk
  Extremely low emittance high current beam is required for the accelerators of the next generation such as linear collider to achieve a reasonable luminosity. However, up to now there is no a simple non-invasive technique for beam diagnostics. A method based on optical diffraction radiation (ODR) appearing when a charged particle passes through a slit between two semi-planes can be one of the promising approaches. The estimations show that it might be possible to measure the beam size as small as 10mcm for a single shot. For a test of the proposed technique we designed an experimental setup and installed it at the extraction line of the KEK-ATF (1.26GeV beam energy, 1010 e/bunch, rms beam size > 10mcm). The electron beam was moving through a 0.26mm wide slit. We have measured backward ODR angular distribution. We have observed the beam size effect on the measured quantities. The sensitivity to the beam size as small as 20mcm was achieved. However, some undesirable factors such as X-ray background, SR photons coming through the mask slit, big detector angular acceptance have to be reduced. In this case a few micrometers beam size could be measured.