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emittance

        
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MOZCH02 Start to End Simulations of Low Emittance Tuning and Stabilization simulation, collider, synchrotron, damping 31
 
  • P. Tenenbaum, A. Seryi, M. Woodley
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • D. Schulte
    CERN, Geneva
  • N.J. Walker
    DESY, Hamburg
  • G.R. White
    Queen Mary University of London, London
  The principal beam dynamics challenge to the subsystems between the damping ring and the collision point of future linear colliders is expected to be the tuning and stabilization required to preserve the transverse emittance and to collide nanometer-scale beams. Recent efforts have focused on realistically modelling the operation and tuning of this region, dubbed the Low Emittance Transport (LET). We report on the development of simulation codes which permit integrated simulation of this complex region, and on early results of these simulations. Future directions of LET simulation are also revealed.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
MOOCH01 Beam Based Alignment at the KEK-ATF Damping Ring simulation, damping, alignment, synchrotron 36
 
  • M. Woodley, J. Nelson, M.C. Ross, J.L. Turner
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • K. Kubo
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • A. Wolski
    LBNL/AFR, Berkeley, California
  The damping rings for a future linear collider will have demanding alignment and stability requirements in order to achieve the low vertical emittance necessary for high luminosity. The Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at KEK has successfully demonstrated the <5 pm vertical emittance specified for the GLC/NLC Main Damping Rings [*]. One contribution to this accomplishment has been the use of Beam Based Alignment (BBA) techniques. The mode of operation of the ATF presents particular challenges for BBA, and we describe here how we have deduced the offsets of the BPMs with respect to the quadrupoles. We also discuss a technique that allows for direct measurements of the beam-to-quad offsets.

* "Extremely Low Vertical-Emittance Beam in the Accelerator Test Facility at KEK", K. Kubo, et al., Phys.Rev.Lett.88:194801,2002

 
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Transparencies
 
MOOCH02 First Full Beam Loading Operation with the CTF3 Linac simulation, acceleration, alignment, linac 39
 
  • R. Corsini, H.-H. Braun, G. Carron, O. Forstner, G. Geschonke, E. Jensen, L. Rinolfi, D. Schulte, F. Tecker, L. Thorndahl
    CERN, Geneva
  • M. Bernard, G. Bienvenu, T. Garvey, R. Roux
    LAL, Orsay
  • A. Ferrari
    Uppsala University, Uppsala
  • L. Groening
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • R.F. Koontz, R.H. Miller, R.D. Ruth, A.D. Yeremian
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • T. Lefevre
    NU, Evanston
  The aim of the CLIC Study is to investigate the feasibility of a high luminosity, multi-TeV linear e+e- collider. CLIC is based on a two-beam method, in which a high current drive beam is decelerated to produce 30 GHz RF power needed for high-gradient acceleration of the main beam running parallel to it. To demonstrate the outstanding feasibility issues of the scheme a new CLIC Test Facility, CTF3, is being constructed at CERN by an international collaboration. In its final configuration CTF3 will consist of a 150 MeV drive beam linac followed by a 42 m long delay loop and an 84 m combiner ring. The installation will include a 30 GHz high power test stand, a representative CLIC module and a test decelerator. The first part of the linac was installed and commissioned with beam in 2003. The first issue addressed was the generation and acceleration of a high-current drive beam in the "full beam loading" condition where RF power is converted into beam power with an efficiency of more than 90%. The full beam loading operation was successfully demonstrated with the nominal beam current of 3.5 A. A variety of beam measurements have been performed, showing good agreement with expectations.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
MOOCH03 Status of a Linac RF Unit Demonstration for the NLC/GLC X-band Linear Collider simulation, acceleration, alignment, damping 42
 
  • D.C. Schultz, C. Adolphsen, D.L. Burke, J. Chan, S. Doebert, V.A. Dolgashev, J.C. Frisch, R.K. Jobe, D.J. McCormick, C.D. Nantista, J. Nelson, M.C. Ross, T.J. Smith, S.G. Tantawi
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • D.P. Atkinson
    LLNL, Livermore, California
  • Y.H. Chin, S. Kazakov, A. Lounine, T. Okugi, N. Toge
    KEK, Ibaraki
  Designs for a future TeV scale electron-positron X-band linear collider (NLC/GLC) require main linac units which produce and deliver 450 MW of rf power at 11.424 GHz to eight 60 cm accelerator structures. The design of this rf unit includes a SLED-II pulse compression system with a gain of approximately three at a compression ratio of four, followed by an overmoded transmission and distribution system. We have designed, constructed, and operated such a system as part of the 8-Pack project at SLAC. Four 50 MW X-band klystrons, running off a common 400 kV solid-state modulator, drive a dual-moded SLED-II pulse compression system. The compressed power is delivered to structures in the NLCTA beamline. Four 60 cm accelerator structures are currently installed and powered, with four additional structures and associated high power components available for installation late in 2004. We describe the layout of our system and the various high-power components which comprise it. We also present preliminary data on the processing and initial high-power operation of this system.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
MOPKF003 Design of 2 T Wiggler Vacuum Chamber for the LNLS Storage Ring acceleration, alignment, damping, simulation 300
 
  • M.J. Ferreira, R.O. Ferraz, H.G. Filho, M.B. Silva
    LNLS, Campinas
  A 2 T wiggler with 2.8 m long and a gap of 22 mm will be installed at LNLS storage ring. The main requirements of the chamber design are short conditioning time and low mechanical deformation. Two different designs in stainless steel are proposed for the prototypes, an elliptical tube and a machined sheet. A pressure profile simulation with and without a NEG coating were made for evaluating the life-time influence and the time necessary for conditioning. A simulation with finite element of mechanical deformation for both case show equivalent results. The first prototype was made with the elliptical tube and a NEG coating deposition will be made at ESRF. The second prototype with machined parts is under construction and will be TIG welded. Descriptions of mounting structure for the prototype are show and the evaluation the dimension tolerance of the chambers.  
 
MOPKF004 Magnet Sorting Algorithm Applied to the LNLS EPU acceleration, undulator, alignment, damping 303
 
  • X.R. Resende, R.M. Dias
    LNLS, Campinas
  The Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory is about to begin the construction of the first Undulator for its 1.37 GeV electron storage ring. This device will be of the EPU type with a period of 50 milimeters and 22 milimeters minimum magnetic gap. In this work we report on the sorting algorithm applied in the construction of a 10-period undulator prototype.  
 
MOPKF005 Preliminary Results on a Low Emittance Gun Based on Field Emission electron, undulator, alignment, damping 306
 
  • R. Ganter, A.E. Candel, M. Dehler, G.J. Gobrecht, C. Gough, S.C. Leemann, K.L. Li, M. Paraliev, M. Pedrozzi, J.-Y. Raguin, L. Rivkin, V. Schlott, L. Schulz, A. Streun, A. Wrulich
    PSI, Villigen
  The development of a new electron gun with the lowest possible emittance would help reducing the total length and cost of a free electron laser. Recent progresses in vacuum nanoelectronics make field emitter arrays (FEAs) an attractive technology to explore for high brightness sources. Indeed, several thousands of microscopic tips can be deposited on a 1 mm diameter area. Electrons are then extracted by a first grid layer close to tip apex and focused by a second grid layer one micrometer above the tip apex. The typical aperture diameter of this focusing layer is also in the range of one micrometer. The big challenge with FEA, is to achieve good emission homogeneity, we hope to achieve this with diverse conditioning techniques. However if we can achieve a low emittance with FEAs another challenge will be to preserve the emittance during the beam acceleration.  
 
MOPKF006 Enhancements of Top-up Operation at the Swiss Light Source linac, electron, undulator, alignment 309
 
  • B. Kalantari, T. Korhonen, A. Lüdeke, C. Quitmann
    PSI, Villigen
  Since the first experience on 2001, Top-Up is the standard mode of operation at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) for users. In order to fulfill the ongoing demands of machine experts and experiments we have had to add more functionality to the Top-Up mode thus make it more flexible. Some time-resolved experiments require a constant charge in a single isolated bucket in the gap of the normal filling of a bunch train of 80% of the circumference of the storage ring. Therefore the Hybrid application was developed that keeps the beam current distribution constant in this mode. We developed a maintenance mode too, to allow to work continuously on the Linac and booster - for example to optimize injection/extraction - without disturbing the Top-up for user operation. Even beam destructive experiments at the Linac during Top-Up or Hybrid operation are supported, where the Linac can be used synchronously at the times between successive refilling of the storage ring. The flexible control and timing systems at the SLS made these applications feasible. We describe the controls, operation and applications of each of the above functionalities in this paper.  
 
MOPKF008 The BESSY Soft X-ray FEL User Facility electron, undulator, alignment, damping 312
 
  • D. Krämer
    BESSY GmbH, Berlin
  A FEL User Facility for the VUV to soft X-ray spectral range is planned at the BESSY site based on a cascaded HGHG-FEL scheme. Simultaneous operation of 3 - later 5 - FELs fed by a superconducting 2.3 GeV CW linac generates most flexible pulse structures for experiments, while the seeding scheme utilizing Ti:Sa fs-lasers results in ultrashort reproducible circular polarized FEL pulses on a shot to shot basis at a pulse-duration < 20 fs. Peak brilliances in the 1·1031 ph/(s mm2 mrad2 0.1% bw)-regime are feasible. All necessary hardware for the FEL is within existing technology. Future upgrade options, e.g. a superconducting photoinjector, seeding with short wavelength HHG lasers of about 1 fs pulse duration have been considered. A status on the design aspects is given.  
 
MOPKF017 New Simulations on Microbunching Instability at TTF2 wiggler, damping, gun, alignment 339
 
  • Y. Kim, Y. Kim, D. Son
    CHEP, Daegu
  • K. Floettmann
    DESY, Hamburg
  Microbunching instability in the FEL driver linac can be induced by collective self-fields such as longitudinal space charge, coherent synchrotron radiation, and geometric wakefields. In this paper, we describe the first start-to-end simulations including all important collective self-fields from the cathode to the end of TTF2 linac with 1.5 million macroparticles.  
 
MOPKF041 SPARC Photoinjector Working Point Optimization, Tolerances and Sensitivity to Errors injection, electron, laser, booster 396
 
  • M. Ferrario, M.E. Biagini, M. Boscolo, V. Fusco, S. Guiducci, M.  Migliorati, C. Sanelli, F. Tazzioli, C. Vaccarezza
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • L. Giannessi, L. Mezi, M. Quattromini, C. Ronsivalle
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
  • J. Rosenzweig
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California
  • L. Serafini
    INFN-Milano, Milano
  A new optimization of the SPARC photoinjector, aiming to reduce the FEL saturation length, is presented in this paper. Start to end simulations show that with 1.1 nC charge in a 10 ps long bunch we can deliver at the undulator entrance a beam having 100 A in 50% of the slices (each slice being 300 mm long) with a slice emittance ?1 mm, thus reducing the FEL-SASE saturation length to 12 m at 500 nm wavelength. In addition the stability of the nominal working point and its sensitivity to various type of random errors, under realistic conditions of the SPARC photoinjector operation, are discussed. A systematic scan of the main parameters around the operating point, performed with PARMELA code interfaced to MATLAB, shows that the probability to get a projected emittance exceeding 1 mm is only 10 % and the slice emittance remains below 1 mm in all cases.  
 
MOPKF045 Cesium Telluride and Metals Photoelectron Thermal Emittance Measurements Using a Time-of-flight Spectrometer injection, booster, vacuum, damping 408
 
  • D. Sertore, D. Favia, P. Michelato, L. Monaco, P. Pierini
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  The thermal emittance of photoemitted electrons in an RF gun is a crucial parameter for short wavelength FELs and future high luminosity electron colliders. An estimate of the thermal emittance of semiconductor and metal samples, commonly used as photocathodes, has been assessed using a Time-Of-Flight spectrometer. In this paper we present the analysis, based on angle resolved photoemission measurements, of both the cesium telluride (Cs2Te) photocathode films as used at the TESLA Test Facility, and polycrystalline metals. These latter measurements, at different laser wavelengths, are used to validate both our experimental apparatus and the thermal emittance reconstruction technique developed.  
 
MOPKF046 Photoelectron RF Gun Designed as a Single Cell Cavity injection, gun, booster, cathode 411
 
  • H. Dewa, T. Asaka, H. Hanaki, T. Kobayashi, A. Mizuno, S. Suzuki, T. Taniuchi, H. Tomizawa, K. Yanagida
    JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo
  • J. Sasabe
    Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamakita, Shizuoka
  • M. Uesaka
    UTNL, Ibaraki
  The paper describes the recent improvements of S-band RF-gun at SPring-8. The cavity of the gun is a single-cell pillbox, and the copper inner wall is used as a cathode. The electron beam from the cathode was accelerated up to 4.1 MeV at an electric field of 175 MV/m. For emittance compensation, two solenoid magnets were used. A 3m linac and a quadrupole scan emittance diagnostic were added after the RF-gun. The beam energy spread and beam emittance after the linac is presented. The beam emittance measured with quadrupole scan is compered to that measured with double slits just after the RF-gun. For high quantum efficiency, Cs2Te cathode was also tested. It is vacuum sealed in a cartridge-type electric tube and four tubes can be installed in a vacuum chamber behind the cavity. Although the quantum efficiency after RF conditioning for two hours to achieve 90MV/m was 3%, it decreased to 1% after the 28 hours RF conditioning.  
 
MOPKF047 Suppression of Stored Beam Oscillation Excited by Beam Injection gun, booster, cathode, vacuum 414
 
  • T. Ohshima, N. Kumagai, M. Masaki, S. Matsui, H. Ohkuma, K. Soutome, M. Takao, H. Tanaka
    JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo
  Top-up operation is scheduled from May 2004 at SPring-8. For this operation it is important that frequent beam injections should not excite the oscillation of stored beams. However, injection bump orbit was not closed perfectly and residual beam oscillations lead to increase of effective beam sizes by twice and three times in the horizontal and vertical direction respectively. We are trying to reduce these excited oscillations to less than one third of the usual beam sizes. For the suppression of horizontal one, we applied a novel scheme to reduce the effect due to the nonlinearity of sextupole magnets by adjusting the strength ratio of the sextupoles. The field similarity of bump magnets was also improved by replacing them with newly designed ones, where the effect of eddy current at the end plates was reduced. These countermeasures suppressed the horizontal oscillation by about one order. For the suppression of vertical one, the excitation mechanism has being investigated in detail. Presently the tilt angle adjustment of bump magnets reduced the vertical oscillation by one third. For further reduction of these oscillations, corrections with pulse-magnets is under investigation.  
 
MOPKF048 Injection Beam Loss at the SPring-8 Storage Ring injection, gun, booster, cathode 417
 
  • M. Takao, T. Ohshima, S. Sasaki, J. Schimizu, K. Soutome, H. Tanaka
    JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo
  Capture efficiency of injection beam is extremely important for top-up operation because open photon shutter permits the bremsstrahlung from lost particles to be transported to experimental floor. Furthermore, since the SPring-8 storage ring has many in-vacuum insertion devices with narrow gap, the demagnetization by the lost electron bombardment is also serious to the beam injection with gap closing. To clarify the loss mechanism of injected beam at the SPring-8 storage ring, we investigate the loss process under various conditions of the storage ring, and especially measure the dependence of injection loss rate on gaps of insertion devices. Comparing the measurements with simulations, we found that an injected particle with a large horizontal amplitude begins to oscillate in vertical direction through error magnetic field and eventually disappears at the vertical limit. It is also found that the low chromaticity of the storage ring is effective for the reduction of injection beam loss. In this paper, we report the loss mechanism of the injection beam of the SPring-8 storage ring and the possible improvements of the capture efficiency.  
 
MOPKF085 Design Optimizations of X-ray FEL Facility at MIT lepton, wiggler, undulator, cathode 518
 
  • D. Wang, M. Farkhondeh, W. Graves, J. Van der Laan, F. Wang, T. Zwart
    MIT/BLAC, Middleton, Massachusetts
  • P. Emma
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  MIT is exploring the construction of a linac-based x-ray laser user facility on the campus of the Bates Linear Accelerator Center. The facility under consideration would span the wavelength range from 100 to 0.3 nm in the fundamental, move into the hard X-ray region in the third harmonic, and preserve the possibility of an upgrade to even shorter wavelengths. The accelerator configuration would include a high brightness electron gun, a superconducting electron linac and multiple undulators and beam lines to support a growing user community. This paper will present the recent progress on the start-to-end simulations including the parameter optimizations and sensativity analysis.  
 
MOPLT123 A Reduced Emittance Lattice for the NLC Positron Pre-damping Ring acceleration, vacuum, damping, electron 827
 
  • I. Reichel, A. Wolski
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  The Pre-Damping Ring of the Next Linear Collider has to accept a large positron beam from the positron production target, and reduce the emittance and energy spread to low enough values for injection into the Main Damping Ring. A previous version of the lattice yielded an emittance of the extracted beam which was about 20% too large. In order to get the emittance down to the required value the quadrupole magnets in the dispersive regions in the ring were moved horizontally; this modifies the damping partition numbers. In addition, the model of the wigglers has been modified to reflect more closely the magnetic field map. The new lattice design meets damping and emittance requirements. The lattice and dynamic aperture studies are presented.  
 
TUPLT050 Lattice for CELLS ion, beamloading, antiproton, damping 1264
 
  • M. Muñoz, D. Einfeld
    CELLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)
  The CELLS is an approved project to build a national synchrotron light source in Spain. The main goals of the project are to provide a medium energy machine (3 GeV) with low emittance and top up operation, a circumference of ~280 m and at least 12 straight sections available for experiments. At present, two lattices are being considered. The first one is based in QBA optics and provides and emittance of 5 nm-rad, using existing technologies. The second one is a TBA one, with an emittance of 2 nm, where physical aperture are reduced by at least a factor 2 and gradients in the bending magnets are up to 10 T/m. We present the selected lattice, and review the main beam dynamics (energy acceptance, errors) issues.  
 
TUPLT051 Beam Optical Design of a Multi Charge Ion Recirculator for Charge Breeders beamloading, antiproton, damping, betatron 1267
 
  • R. Cee, W. Mittig, A.C.C. Villari
    GANIL, Caen
  Ions of high charge states as required for both stable and radioactive beams in order to optimally profit from the existing accelerating voltage can be produced by means of a charge breeder. However, the energy increase obtained is accompanied by an intensity decrease due to the low efficiency of the charge breeding process. With respect to the production of radioactive beams an enhancement of the breeding efficiency would be most desirable to avoid a high power primary beam as yet inevitable to counteract the loss in intensity. For this purpose the beam optics of an ion recirculation capable to separate the desired charge state and to reinject the remaining charge spectrum has been designed. The ions extracted from both sides of the charge breeder are focused by electrostatic quadrupole doublets and bent by two 180° dipole magnets. After one revolution the optics realises horizontally a (1:1) and vertically a (1:-1) point-to-point image independent from the charge state of the ions. The second order geometric aberrations as well as most of the chromatic aberrations vanish.  
 
TUPLT052 GANIL Status Report ion, target, beamloading, antiproton 1270
 
  • F. Chautard, J.L. Baelde, C. Barue, C. Berthe, A. Colombe, L. David, P. Dolegieviez, B. Jacquot, C. Jamet, P. Leherissier, R. Leroy, M.H. Moscatello, E. Petit, A. Savalle, G. Sénécal, F. Varenne
    GANIL, Caen
  The GANIL facility (Caen, France) is dedicated to the acceleration of heavy ion beams for nuclear physics, atomic physics, radiobiology and material irradiation. The production of radioactive ion beams for nuclear physics studies represents the main part of the activity. The in-flight fragmentation method was already used, since 1994, with the SISSI device. Since September 2001, SPIRAL, the Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at GANIL, delivers radioactive species produced by the ISOL method. The heavy ion beams of GANIL are sent onto a target and source assembly, and the radioactive beams are accelerated up to a maximum energy of 25 MeV/u by the cyclotron CIME. The operation and the running statistics of GANIL-SPIRAL are presented, with particular attention to the first SPIRAL beams. Few results about the cyclotron CIME, as the mass selection and tuning principle are summarized. The recent developments for increasing stable beams intensities, up to a factor 13 for argon, for use with SPIRAL, SISSI, or the LISE spectrometer, are presented. Considering the future of GANIL, SPIRAL II projects aims to produce high intensity secondary beams, by fission induced with a 5 mA deuteron beam in an uranium target.  
 
TUPLT053 Recent Evolutions in the Design of the French High Intensity Proton Injector (IPHI) ion, target, beamloading, antiproton 1273
 
  • P.-Y. Beauvais
    CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  In 1997, the two French National Research Agencies (CEA and CNRS) decided to collaborate in order to study and construct a prototype of the low energy part of a High Power Proton Accelerator (HPPA). The main objective of this project (the IPHI project), is to allow the French team to master the complex technologies used and the control concepts of the HPPAs. Recently, a collaboration agreement was signed with the CERN and led to some evolutions in the design and in the schedule. The IPHI design current was maintained at 100 mA in Continuous Wave mode. This choice should allow to produce a high reliability beam at reduced intensity (typically 30 mA) tending to fulfill the Accelerator Driven System requirements. The output energy of the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), originally set to 5 MeV, was reduced to 3 MeV, allowing then the adjunction and the test in pulsed mode of a chopper line developed by the CERN for the Superconducting Proton Linac (SPL). In a final step, the IPHI RFQ and the chopper line should become parts of the SPL injector. In this paper, the IPHI project evolutions are reported as well as the construction and operation schedule.  
 
TUPLT054 Design of the Low-beta, Quarter-wave Resonator and its Cryomodule for the SPIRAL 2 Project beamloading, antiproton, damping, betatron 1276
 
  • P.-E. Bernaudin, P. Bosland, S. Chel, G. Devanz, P. Hardy, F. Michel, P. de Girolamo
    CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  The SPIRAL 2 project, to be built in GANIL, consists of a 40 MeV linear accelerator for 5 mA of deuterons and a target-source complex for the production of exotic isotopes. The accelerator is also optimised to accelerate q/A = 1/3 ion up to 14.4 MeV/u. The three stages of the linac are a RFQ (up to 0.75 MeV/A), a low beta (0.007) and a high beta (0.12) sections consisting of quarter-wave, 88 MHz superconducting resonators. This paper focuses on the low beta cavity and its cryomodule. The cavity nominal accelerating gradient is at least 6.5 MV/m in operation conditions. RF properties of the cavities are dealt with, as well as the mechanical ones: helium pressure effects, tunability, vibrations. The cryomodule is designed so as to save longitudinal space and therefore is partly assembled in clean room.  
 
TUPLT160 Development of a 25-mA, 12% Duty Factor (df) H- Source for LANSCE focusing, bunching, injection, beamloading 1500
 
  • G. Rouleau, A. Arvin, E. Chacon-Golcher, E. Geros, G. Jacobson, J. Meyer, P. Naffziger, S. Schaller, J.D. Sherman, J. Stelzer, J. Zaugg
    LANL/LANSCE, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  Present operations at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator use a surface conversion source to provide 80-keV, 16 to 18-mA H- beams with typical rms normalized emittance of 0.13 (pmm-mrad). Operational flexibility of the 800-MeV linac and proton storage ring will be increased by a higher current H- source. The present goal is to achieve a 25-mA H- surface converter source with modest (10-20%) emittance increase without sacrificing the present LANSCE production source 12% df and 28 day lifetime. The LANSCE 80-kV ion source test stand (ISTS) has been brought into reliable 24-hour per day operation with computer control and modern electronics. A fourth production source has been fabricated, and is now operating on the ISTS. H- currents up to 25mA have been observed with 0.15 to 0.18(pmm-mrad) rms normalized emittances. An experimental study of surface converter geometries and electron filters at the emitter electrode are planned to optimize source current and emittance.  
 
TUPLT161 Normal Form Analysis of Linear Beam Dynamics in a Coupled Storage Ring focusing, bunching, betatron, injection 1503
 
  • M. Woodley
    SLAC/NLC, Menlo Park, California
  • A. Wolski
    LBNL/AFR, Berkeley, California
  The techniques of normal form analysis, well known in the literature, can be used to provide a straightforward characterization of linear betatron dynamics in a coupled lattice. Here, we consider both the beam distribution and the betatron oscillations in a storage ring. We find that the beta functions for uncoupled motion generalize in a simple way to the coupled case. Defined in the way that we propose, the beta functions remain well behaved (positive and finite) under all circumstances, and have essentially the same physical significance for the beam size and betatron oscillations as in the uncoupled case. Application of this analysis to the online modeling of the PEP-II rings is also discussed.  
 
TUPLT172 Measurement of Halo Mitigation Schemes for the Spallation Neutron Source Linac focusing, bunching, betatron, beamloading 1533
 
  • D.-O. Jeon
    ORNL/SNS, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  A series of emittance measurements were performed at the end of Drift Tube Linac tank 1 of the Spallation Neutron Source to verify experimentally the previously proposed halo generation mechanism and its mitigation schemes [1]. The emittance measurements clearly showed a visible reduction in the halo as well as a significant reduction in the rms emittance when the proposed round beam optics is employed. This confirms experimentally the halo generation mechanism we identified.  
 
TUPLT173 Experimental Test of Transverse Matching Routine for the SNS Linac focusing, bunching, betatron, beamloading 1536
 
  • D.-O. Jeon, S. Assadi
    ORNL/SNS, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  • J. Stovall
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  Transverse matching for a high intensity linac was proposed based on minimizing rms emittances. A MATLAB routine was developed and applied during the SNS linac commissioning. The result was also compared with the simulations.  
 
WEPLT138 Laser Cooling of Electron Bunches in Compton Storage Rings sextupole, antiproton, laser, resonance 2158
 
  • E.V. Bulyak
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  Self-consistent dynamics of a bunch circulating in the Compton storage ring has been studied analytically. Disturbances from both the synchrotron and Compton radiations were taken into account. The emittances in laser-dominated rings (where the synchrotron energy losses are much smaller then the Compton ones) were evaluated. The resultant emittances (synchrotrons plus Comptons) were compared with the synchrotrons. As were shown, the longitudinal degree of freedom is heated up due to Compton scattering. Almost the same conclusion is valid for the vertical uncoupled betatron emittance. Since it is impossible in principle to get zero dispersion in the banding magnets, the radial emittance almost always cooling down by laser. Therefore in practical cases of coupled transverse oscillations with the horizontal emittance determining the vertical one, the laser will cool down the transverse degrees of freedom.  
 
WEPLT140 New Abilities of Computer Code DeCA sextupole, antiproton, laser, resonance 2161
 
  • P. Gladkikh, A.Y. Zelinsky
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  In the paper the status and new abilities of computer code package DeCA (Design of Cyclic Acclerators) are described. The main effort of the code developers were made to creation of software capable to simulate intrabeam scattering effect and Compton scattering. In addition modules for calculation of the second order dispersion and momentum compaction factor were developed.  
 
WEPLT141 Beam-power Calibration System for Industrial Electron Accelerators sextupole, antiproton, laser, resonance 2164
 
  • V.L. Uvarov, S.P. Karasyov, V.I. Nikiforov, R.I. Pomatsalyuk, V.A. Shevchenko, I.N. Shlyakhov, A.Eh. Tenishev
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  Modern electron accelerators for industrial application provide particle energy of up to 10 MeV and beam power of up to 100 kW. Such a beam is ejected into an air using a scanning system. The measuring channel based on a total-absorption calorimeter of flow-type for a beam calibration with respect to energy flow is designed. The processes of beam interaction with the primary measuring converter (a water-cooled beam absorber of especial geometry) were previously studied using a computer simulation. The metering circuit of the channel is made as a stand-alone module with LCD display and control keypad. It performs the operations of temperature measurement at the input and output of the absorber, as well as a water flow-rate determination. The absorbed power is calculated from measured parameters and then is displayed and stored into channel memory using appropriate software. The process is carried out both in off-line mode and under control of the external PC via a serial interface of RS-232 type.  
 
WEPLT143 Simulation Calculations of Stochastic Cooling for Existing and Planned GSI Facilities sextupole, laser, resonance, target 2167
 
  • I. Nesmiyan
    National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Radiophysical Faculty, Kiev
  • F. Nolden
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The process of longitudinal stochastic cooling is simulated using a Fokker-Planck model. The model includes the sensitivities of pick-up and kicker electrodes as calculated from field theoretical models. The effect of feedback through the beam is taken into account. Intra beam scattering is treated as an additional diffusive effect. The calculations cover the existing system of the ESR storage ring at GSI as well as the cooling system for secondary heavy ion and antiproton beams at the proposed new accelerator facility. The paper discusses the resulting cooling times. Requirements on the system layout as amplification factors and electrical power can be derived from the simulations.  
 
WEPLT144 New Characteristics of a Single-bunch Instability Observed in the APS Storage Ring sextupole, laser, resonance, target 2170
 
  • C.-X. Wang
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois
  • K. Harkay
    ANL/APS, Argonne, Illinois
  In the Advanced Photon Source storage ring, a transverse single-bunch instability has long been observed that appears unique to this ring. Many of its features have been previously reported. New results have recently been obtained using beam centroid history measurements and analysis. These preliminary results provide more detailed information regarding the characteristics of this instability and could provide insight into the physics mechanism.  
 
THPKF019 PETRA III: A New High Brilliance Synchrotron Radiation Source at DESY injection, wakefield, synchrotron, beamloading 2299
 
  • K. Balewski, W. Brefeld, W. Decking, Y.L. Li, G.K. Sahoo, R. Wanzenberg
    DESY, Hamburg
  DESY has decided to rebuild its 2304 m long accelerator PETRA II into a dedicated light source called PETRA III. The reconstruction is planned to start mid of 2007.The new light source will operate at an energy of 6 GeV, a current of 100 mA, a horizontal emittance of 1 nmrad and an emittance coupling of 1%. In the first phase thirteen insertion devices are foreseen. In this paper the principle layout of the machine will be presented. The structure of the new machine combines properties of conventional storage rings and light sources and is therefore quite unconventional. One of the major challenges of the project is to achieve the small emittances. The basic idea is to use so called damping wigglers with a total length of 80 m to reduce the horizontal emittance to the desired level. To obtain and maintain the small emittances imposes tight tolerances on spurious dispersion and orbit quality and stability. These limits will be given and discussed.  
 
THPKF020 Improvements of the Orbit Stability at DORIS III injection, wakefield, beamloading, lattice 2302
 
  • F. Brinker, O. Kaul
    DESY, Hamburg
  Running since 1974, the storage ring DORIS experienced a major modification in 1991 to run as a dedicated synchrotron radiation source since 1993. Since then the increasing requirements of the users on beam stability lead to a series of technical and operational measures to improve the beam conditions. The beam pipe has been mechanically isolated from the magnets, the cooling has been improved and this year a new orbit feedback came to operation which uses positron beam position monitors as well as photon monitors in the beam lines to stabilise the different photon beams. The different measures taken are presented.  
 
THPKF021 Beam Current Limitations in the Synchrotron Light Source PETRA III injection, beamloading, lattice, beamlosses 2305
 
  • R. Wanzenberg, K. Balewski
    DESY, Hamburg
  At DESY it is planned to rebuild the PETRA ring into a synchrotron radiation facility, called PETRA III, in 2007. Different operation modes with single bunch intensities of up-to 5 mA are been considered to serve the needs of the user communities. A first estimate of the impedance budget of PETRA III is given based on analytical models and numerical wakefield calculations of several vacuum chamber elements. The impedance model includes higher order modes (HOMs) of the cavities to cover also multi bunch aspects. The beam current limitations due to multi and single bunch instabilities are discussed. The build up of an electron cloud is also investigated for the option of using a positron beam to generate the synchrotron radiation.  
 
THPKF022 Energy Calibration of the ANKA Storage Ring injection, beamloading, lattice, beamlosses 2308
 
  • A.-S. Müller, I. Birkel, E. Huttel, M. Pont, F. Pérez, R. Rossmanith
    FZK-ISS-ANKA, Karlsruhe
  The ANKA electron storage ring operates in the energy range from 0.5 to 2.5 GeV. An energy calibration using the method of resonant spin depolarisation yields the exact beam energy of ANKA. In addition this method allows to determine other parameters such as nonlinear momentum compaction factor and incoherent synchrotron tune with extraordinary precision. This paper discusses experimental set-up and energy measurements. The reproducibility of the ANKA beam energy is addressed as well as energy drifts caused by thermal expansion of the floor.  
 
THPKF023 Studies using Beam Loss Monitors at ANKA beamloading, lattice, beamlosses, impedance 2311
 
  • F. Pérez, I. Birkel, K. Hertkorn, E. Huttel, A.-S. Müller, M. Pont
    FZK-ISS-ANKA, Karlsruhe
  ANKA is a synchrotron light source that operates in the energy range from 0.5 to 2.5 GeV. In order to investigate the electron beam losses, two kind of beam loss monitors have been installed: 24 Pin Diode from Bergoz distributed around the storage ring, and one Pb-glass calorimeter located in a high dispersion region. The Pin Diodes are used to obtain information about the distribution of the losses while the Pb-glass detector provides higher sensitivity. The Pin Diodes allow to locate and distinguish the regions of higher losses due to Touschek and Elastic scattering. Furthermore, regions of higher losses at injection have been identified. The Pb-glass detector has been used to determine the beam energy with the resonant spin depolarisation technique. A strong spin orbit resonance has been observed with both detectors.  
 
THPKF068 An Advanced Light Source Proposed for the South Eastern USA target, lattice, vacuum, gun 2418
 
  • V.P. Suller, M.G. Fedurin, J. Hormes
    LSU/CAMD, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
  • D. Einfeld
    CELLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)
  • G. Vignola
    SESAME, Amman
  At this time CAMD, a 1.3 GeV second generation storage ring, is the only synchrotron radiation facility in the Southeastern USA. To cater for the increasing demand for synchrotron light in this region a study is being made for a new high performance source. In keeping with its role as a regional source, it must be economical to construct and operate yet provide high brightness beams from its Insertion Devices. These will need to span both the soft X-ray region (1-2 keV) and the X-ray region up to at least 13 keV. A high brightness 3rd generation source is described which exhibits a beam emittance less than 10 nm rads at an energy of 2.5 GeV. By using a lattice cell derived from the Theoretical Minimum Emittance type, this performance is achieved in a circumference of only approximately 160 m. The economical, yet flexible, lattice uses vertically focusing gradient in the dipoles. The lattice functions and other parameters are presented of both a 12 cell double bend design and a 10 cell triple bend. The 12 cell gives a horizontal emittance of 8.5 nm rads and the 10 cell 4.6 nm rads. The dynamical stability of both lattices is described together with the beam performance from the anticipated insertion devices. The current status of the proposal is explained.  
 
THPKF069 Improvements to, and Current Status of, the CAMD Light Source target, lattice, vacuum, gun 2421
 
  • V.P. Suller, M.G. Fedurin, P. Jines, D.J. Launey, T.A. Miller, Y. Wang
    LSU/CAMD, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
  Throughout 2003 a sustained program of modifications and improvements has been applied to the CAMD light source. These affected the 7 Tesla wiggler, the RF system, the magnet power supplies, the control system, the diagnostics and the injector linac. These modifications and their impact on the storage ring performance are described, together with an analysis of where future improvements should be directed. The present performance and limitations of CAMD are described.  
 
THPKF070 A Beam Based Alignment System at the CAMD Light Source target, vacuum, gun, simulation 2424
 
  • V.P. Suller, E.J. Anzalone, A.J. Crappell, M.G. Fedurin, T.A. Miller
    LSU/CAMD, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
  Beam based alignment is being applied to the CAMD light source. It is implemented by a flexible and versatile system of electronic shunts which are applied to each of the storage ring lattice quadrupoles. The essential design features of the electronic shunts are described as is the routine operation of the full system. The improvement to the corrected closed orbit from using the system is shown. Preliminary results are presented of the use of the shunts for correcting the lattice functions.  
 
THPLT059 Design Study of a Movable Emittance Meter Device for the SPARC Photoinjector vacuum, antiproton, feedback, scattering 2619
 
  • A. Cianchi, L. Catani
    INFN-Roma II, Roma
  • M. Boscolo, M. Castellano, A. Clozza, G. Di Pirro, M. Ferrario, D. Filippetto, V. Fusco
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • L. Giannessi, L. Picardi, M. Quattromini, C. Ronsivalle
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
  Preliminary studies of the SPARC rf gun are planned to obtain an accurate analysis and optimization of the emittance compensation scheme, measuring the beam emittance evolution downstream the RF gun with an appropriate diagnostic system. Since with a space charge dominated beam the use of the quad-scan method is not possible a 1D pepper-pot method will be used. A mask with narrow slits will be mounted on a movable support, spanning a 1.5 m meters region to measure the emittance in several positions and reconstruct its behavior in the post gun section. Numerical simulations of the measurement process, mainly based on PARMELA and TREDI, are used to estimate the achievable accuracy and to optimize the experimental setup. Wake field effects induced by the beam propagation through the long bellows have been also investigated with HOMDYN. Based on these simulations the design of the apparatus, called emittance-meter, has been realized and is under construction at LNF.  
 
THPLT060 An Automatic Beam Characterization Instrument for Proton Therapy Applications vacuum, antiproton, feedback, scattering 2622
 
  • D. Giove, C. De Martinis, M. Mauri
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  • C. Cirrone, G. Cuttone
    INFN/LNS, Catania
  The characterization in the transverse plane of the beam is a fundamental step in the design of a proton therapy facility. In this paper we will describe an automatic system able to measure the transverse profiles of the proton beam used in the Catana facility at LNS-Catania. The system has been designed as an autonomous equipment able to acquire optical images of the beam (after an interaction with a converter) and to elaborate them to extract the relevant parameters. The equipment may be interfaced to the rest of the control system of the facility and to the operator interface to provide high level control and monitoring tools. Operational experience will be discussed and the results so far obtained will be outlined.  
 
THPLT061 Development of a Multibunch Photo-cathode RF Gun System vacuum, antiproton, gun, cathode 2625
 
  • J. Urakawa, M. Akemoto, S. Araki, H. Hayano, M. Kuriki, T. Muto, N. Terunuma, Y. Yamazaki
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • M.K. Fukuda, K. Hirano, M. Nomura, M. Takano
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  A multibunch photo-cathode RF gun system has been developed as a electron source for the production of quasi-monoenergetic X-rays based on inverse Compton scattering. This system consists of a photocathode rf gun, a cathode system, a laser system, beam diagnostic sections, and beam dump line. The gun produces 100 bunches with a 2.8ns bunch spacing and 5nC bunch charge. We will report on the RF gun system with 4 bending dipoles of a chicane which makes the laser injection to the cathode with perpendicular angle possible.  
 
THPLT062 Alternating-phase-focused Linac for an Injector of Medical Synchrotrons vacuum, antiproton, linac, gun 2628
 
  • Y. Iwata, T. Fujisawa, T. Furukawa, T. Kanai, M. Kanazawa, N. Kanematsu, M. Komori, S. Minohara, T. Murakami, M. Muramatsu, K. Noda, M. Torikoshi, S. Yamada
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • Y.F. Fujii, T. Mitsumoto, H. Tsutsui
    SHI, Tokyo
  • T. Fujimoto, H.O. Ogawa, S. Shibuya
    AEC, Chiba
  • V. Kapin
    MEPhI, Moscow
  Tumor therapy using Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) has been made over ten years at National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). Due to the successful clinical results, the project on developing compact medical accelerators for the tumor therapy has been started. To design these compact facilities, the size of a linac as well as the construction and operation costs is important. To satisfy these requirements, we propose Alternating-Phase-Focused (APF) linac using an Interdigital H-mode cavity. Since the axial and radial focusing of beam is made just with the acceleration rf field, no additional focusing elements is needed for the APF linac. This feature would make the costs lower than those of conventional linacs. The practical design of the APF linac will be presented.  
 
THPLT063 Proposal of Carbon-beam Facility for Cancer Therapy in Japan vacuum, antiproton, gun, cathode 2631
 
  • K. Noda, T. Fujisawa, T. Furukawa, Y. Iwata, T. Kanai, M. Kanazawa, N. Kanematsu, A. Kitagawa, Y. Kobayashi, M. Komori, S. Minohara, T. Murakami, M. Muramatsu, S. Sato, Y. Sato, S. Shibuya, E. Takada, O. Takahashi, M. Torikoshi, E. Urakabe, S. Yamada, K. Yoshida
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  Since 1994, the clinical trial at HIMAC has been successfully being progressed and more than 1,700 patients have treated with carbon ions. Owing to the good result of HIMAC, several medical groups in Japan have strongly required the carbon therapy facility. Based on the development of accelerator and the irradiation technologies for 10 years, therefore, we started to design a carbon therapy facility in Japan. The accelerator complex for the facility consists of two ECR ion sources with permanent magnets, an injector linac cascade (RFQ+IH) with the energy of 4 MeV/n, a synchrotron ring with the maximum energy of 400 MeV/n and beam delivery system for three treatment rooms. The R&D for the new facility has been already approved and will be started from April 2004. We will describe the conceptual design of the new facility.  
 
THPLT064 Enhancement of Laser Power from a Mode Lock Laser with an Optical Cavity laser, vacuum, antiproton, gun 2634
 
  • M. Nomura, K. Hirano, M. Takano
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • S. Araki, Y. Higashi, T. Taniguchi, J. Urakawa, Y. Yamazaki
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • Y. Honda, N. Sasao, K. Takezawa
    Kyoto University, Kyoto
  • H. Sakai
    ISSP/SRL, Chiba
  We have developed a laser-wire beam monitor to measure a beam profile in the KEK/ATF damping ring. This monitor is based on the inverse Compton scattering with a thin wire of the laser. The laser-wire is produced with a Fabry-Perot optical cavity in which laser power from a CW laser is stored and enhanced up to 1000 times. We have a plan to increase a gamma ray flux by using a pulsed laser instead of the CW laser. There are many applications for such a high flux gamma ray, e.g. medical use, transmutation and so on. We have done a test experiment of laser pulse stacking with a mode lock laser where wavelength is 1064 nm, repetition rate 357MHz, pulse width 7psec(FWHM) and a 42 cm long Fabry-Perot optical cavity. The experimental results show that laser power in the optical cavity can be enhanced by laser pulse stacking.  
 
THPLT066 Commissioning of 150MeV FFAG Synchronisation laser, vacuum, antiproton, gun 2640
 
  • Y. Yonemura, M. Matoba
    Kyushu University, Fukuoka
  • M. Aiba, M. Sugaya
    University of Tokyo, Tokyo
  • S. Machida, Y. Mori, A. Muto, J. Nakano, C. Ohmori, I. Sakai, Y. Sato, A. Takagi, T. Yokoi, M. Yoshii, M. Yoshimoto, Y. Yuasa
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • T. Uesugi
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • A. Yamazaki
    LNS, Sendai
  A 150MeV proton FFAG (Fixed Field Alternating Gradient) synchrotron has been constructed to be a prototype for various applications such as proton beam therapy. At the moment, all the components are assembled, and multi-turn injection and beam storage were successfully performed. We are in the phase of beam acceleration up to final energy and expect the beam extraction in a few months. In this paper, beam commissioning results such as multi-turn injection, orbit correction, tune survey and optimization of RF gymnastics will be presented.  
 
THPLT082 Beam Diagnostics for a Photocathode Rf-gun System antiproton, booster, electron, cyclotron 2685
 
  • K. Sakaue, N. Kudo, R. Kuroda, M. Washio
    RISE, Tokyo
  • H. Hayano, J. Urakawa
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • S. Kashiwagi
    ISIR, Osaka
  Beam diagnostic systems for high quality electron beam emitted from photo-cathode rf gun have been developed. Beam characteristics such as bunch length and emittance measurements were performed at Waseda University. The bunch length was measured using an rms bunch length monitor based on beam spectrum analysis. The monitor is very useful as the non-destructive and conventional tool even for the relatively low energy electron beam around 5MeV. The measurement results of the rms bunch lengths using this monitor are in good agreement with the simulation results of PARMELA. However, it is not applicable for the measurement of longitudinal profile of the electron bunch, so that we have started the manufacturing of a deflection cavity, so-called RF-Kicker, to measure the longitudinal profiles of the bunch. The emittance has been measured by using a slit scan technique. By using double slit scan technique, emittance of 9mmmrad has been obtained. Though the value is not satisfactory small, we believe that much smaller emittance can be obtained by optimizing a laser profile. The measurement results and progress of rf gun at Waseda University will be presented at the conference.  
 
THPLT083 Femto-second Bunch Length Measurement using the RF Deflector antiproton, booster, cyclotron, focusing 2688
 
  • S. Kashiwagi, G. Isoyama, R. Kato, K.K. Kobayashi, Y. Matsui, A. Saeki, J. Yang
    ISIR, Osaka
  • H. Hayano, M. Kuriki
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • M. Kudo, M. Washio
    RISE, Tokyo
  The traveling wave type rf cavities operating in dipole mode (TM110-like) is being developed for a measurement of femto-second electron bunch. The femto-second electron bunch is used the pulse radiolysis experiments for the studies on radiation physics and chemistry with femto-second time resolution. The resonant frequency is tuned to the designing value 2856 MHz, which is accelerating frequency of a photo-injector linac at ISIR Osaka University. Further, we are planning to apply the design of the traveling wave rf deflector to a X-band crab cavities for the Global Linear Collider (GLC) project. In this conference, we will report the design of the traveling wave rf deflector and the result of cold test.  
 
THPLT084 Test Result of Slow Global Orbit Feedback using MATLAB at PLS feedback, antiproton, booster, cyclotron 2691
 
  • H.-S. Kang, J. Choi, K.M. Ha, E.-H. Lee, T.-Y. Lee, W.W. Lee
    PAL, Pohang
  A slow global orbit feedback using MATLAB has been tested to control the slow orbit movement for the PLS. The feedback program uses MATLAB tools such as matrix algebra, mathematical functions, and graphic display, and uses the SVD (singular value decomposition) method. The PLS uses 70 corrector magnets with the maximum angle of 2-mrad for each plane among which 11 use the 16-bit DAC power supplies for the insertion device orbit control and others the 12-bit corrector power supplies with the minimum step of 1-micro-rad, and thus the orbit feedback is not acceptable to beamline users. For the best performance of the feedback, the major hardware components have been upgraded: the replacement of 12-bit BPMs with 16-bit was completed, and the upgrade of corrector power supplies from DAC 12-bit to 18-bit or higher will be completed soon. In this paper, the orbit feedback test result using the current corrector power supplies is presented and the upgrade plan of orbit feedback is described.  
 
THPLT085 Reengineering and Refactoring Large-scale Scientific Programs with the Unified Process: A Case Study with OSIRIS PIC Program feedback, antiproton, booster, cyclotron 2694
 
  • J.B.  Kim, I.S. Ko
    POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk
  • H. Suk
    KERI, Changwon
  As science and engineering problems get more complex, programs which help modelling complicated problems larger and more sophisticated. This trend makes us recognize the importance of well-established engineering disciplines not only in designing large-scale scientific programs for special purposes in appropriate development time but also in importing the programs from other research group and refactor it for conveniences and more advanced applications. OSIRIS is a large-scale PIC code which was developed at UCLA for modelling of laser-plasma interactions. OSIRIS was reengineered and documented in UML by our group and ported to Linux cluster machine of 8 nodes. We report our current status of developing the extended version of OSIRIS, which was named as OSIRIS-X, and how a large-scale scientific programs can be enhanced efficiently with the Unified Process. Some guidelines in designing and refactoring large-scale scientific codes are presented and discussed. A common architecture model of numerically intensive programs for large-scale computing is suggested , and it is discussed how we can use it for rapid development and prototyping of scientific programs. We also discuss future challenges and prospects in OSIRIS-X development.  
 
THPLT086 High Temporal Resolution, Single-shot Electron Bunch-length Measurements feedback, electron, antiproton, booster 2697
 
  • G. Berden, B. Redlich, A.F.G. Van der Meer
    FOM Rijnhuizen, Nieuwegein
  • W.A. Gillespie, A. MacLeod
    UAD, Dundee
  • S.P. Jamison
    Strathclyde University, Glasgow
  A new technique, combining the electro-optic detection of the Coulomb field of an electron bunch and the single-shot cross-correlation of optical pulses, is used to provide single-shot measurements of the shape and length of sub-picosecond electron bunches. As in our previous technique [I. Wilke et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 124801 (2002)], the electric field of the electron beam is encoded electro-optically on an optical pulse. Our earlier measurements, which involved encoding the time profile of the electron bunch on the spectrum of the optical pulse, showed electric field profiles with a FWHM of the order of 1.7 ps. The new method offers a much better time resolution since it avoids the significant measurement artifacts that can arise in our previous (spectral encoding technique due to the coupling between the temporal envelope and spectral content of the optical pulse. The cross-correlation technique has been applied to the measurement of electron bunches in FELIX, showing single bunches of around 500fs FWHM. The resolution is limited primarily by the electro-optic crystal thickness and the relatively low energy of the electrons (50 MeV).  
 
THPLT089 MATLAB Based TPSA Toolbox for the Particle Mapping Through Three-dimensional Magnetic Fields feedback, electron, antiproton, booster 2700
 
  • H.-P. Chang, H.-J. Tsai
    NSRRC, Hsinchu
  Based on the object-oriented programming of MATLAB, a truncated power series algebra (TPSA) toolbox has been developed. The TPSA toolbox as a differential algebra has been applied to realize the algorithm of particle mapping through three-dimensional magnetic field configurations. The capability of symbolic calculation by using this MATLAB-based TPSA toolbox can be used for the theoretical simulation and modeling in accelerator physics. Associated with the use of MATLAB in the control of machines, one can derive the real machine with a virtual machine model built in MATLAB. In this paper, the method of symplectic mapping of three-dimensional magnetic fields is introduced and the structure of TPSA toolbox is presented. Applications of TPSA toolbox in the symplectic mapping of three-dimensional magnetic fields are demonstrated as well.  
 
THPLT090 The Operating of Digital Beam Position Monitor in NSRRC feedback, electron, antiproton, booster 2703
 
  • C.H. Kuo, J. Chen, K.-T. Hsu, K.H. Hu, D. Lee
    NSRRC, Hsinchu
  The digital beam position monitors are configured to operation system in the NSRRC now. This integration includes of multi-channel access, channel calibration, gain control, and parameter control to meet various operation condition, perform functionality and performance evaluation. The programmability nature of DBPM system is essential for multi-mode high precision beam position measurement. The system will support high performance beam position, turn-by-turn beam position, tune and other diagnostic measurements. Control system interface was implemented to support the operation of DBPM system. T various aspects will be discussed and presented in this report.  
 
THPLT091 The Synchrotron Radiation Monitor Upgradation in NSRRC feedback, electron, antiproton, cyclotron 2706
 
  • C.H. Kuo, J. Chen, K.-T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, Y.-T. Yang
    NSRRC, Hsinchu
  Synchrotron radiation monitor in the storage has been operated for a long time. This system is upgrading to booster operation now. The basic system includes optics, digital image acquisition, image analysis, compressed image transportation and visualization tools at workstation. The linearity and dynamic of new is discussed for some beam physics study. This system is also supported to the booster by new camera and addition operation. The hardware configuration and software structure will be summarized in this report.  
 
THPLT093 Particle-in-cell Numerical Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Beams and ECR Sources feedback, plasma, antiproton, ion 2709
 
  • G. Shirkov, V. Alexandrov, V. Shevtsov
    JINR/PPL, Dubna, Moscow Region
  A summary of recent development of physical and mathematical basements and the first version of computer code library based on the particle-in-cell method are presented. The code library is aimed for the three-dimensional (3D) simulation of the ECR plasma and ion production in the ECR ion source. The particle-in-cell (finite particle) method is one of the most powerful methods for the numerical simulation of multicomponent ECR plasma and electron-ion beams. This method allows studying the detailed characteristics of plasma, taking into account the distribution functions of particles (spatial, velocity and energy distributions), real self and external fields, particle-particle interactions and many other effects. This technique promises to provide very precise numerical simulations and optimizations of ECR ion sources. The first results of simulations of ECR source plasma are presented. It has been shown that a complete and adequate description of ECR plasma requires the full-scale 3D model and computer codes. This is out of frames of existed project and could be an aim of some addition investigations.  
 
THPLT094 Ordered Ion Beam in Storage Rings feedback, plasma, ion, antiproton 2712
 
  • A. Smirnov, I.N. Meshkov, A.O. Sidorin, E. Syresin, G.V. Troubnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • T. Katayama
    CNS, Saitama
  • H. Tsutsui
    SHI, Tokyo
  The using of crystalline ion beams can increase of the luminosity in the collider and in experiments with targets for investigation of rare radioactive isotopes. The ordered state of circulating ion beams was observed experimentally at several storage rings. In this report a new criteria of the beam orderliness are derived and verified with BETACOOL code with using molecular dynamics technique. The sudden reduction of momentum spread observed on a few rings is described with this code. The simulation shows a good agreement with the experimental results. The code has then been used to calculate characteristics of the ordered state of ion beams for ion rings which will have experimental programs for the study of crystalline beams. A new strategy of the cooling process is proposed which permits to increase the linear density of the ordered ion beam.  
 
THPLT095 Nuclotron Extracted Beam Spill Control plasma, ion, antiproton, feedback 2715
 
  • V. Volkov, V. Andreev, E. Frolov, V. Karpinsky, A. Kirichenko, A.D. Kovalenko, V.A. Mikhaylov, S. Romanov, B. Vasilishin, A. Volnov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  The first experiments with the Nuclotron Beam Slow Extraction System (BES) were carried out in December 1999. After the BES commissioning, the development of the system was continued together with experiments on relativistic nuclear physics. To realize the constant-current-beam or the constant-time-length spill and to suppress the low frequency spill structure in the range up to several hundred hertz, a spill control subsystem was designed and put into operation. It consists of a feedback loop in parallel with a feed-forward control. In the feedback loop the extracted particle flux is measured with beam current monitor and is compared with the request flux. The resulting error signal is fed into a feedback controller. The controller is an analog unit in which integration, differentiation and gain can be adjusted separately. The output control signal is added to the extraction quadrupoles power supply pattern generated by the corresponding function generator. The beam spill control subsystem has been improved in stages since its commissioning in 2000. The beam spill duration of more than 10s and the beam spill uniformity of about 0.9 were achieved in recent Nuclotron runs.  
 
THPLT099 The Analysis of the Electron Beam Scanning Method for the Beam Profile Monitoring. plasma, antiproton, feedback, cyclotron 2718
 
  • D.A. Liakin
    ITEP, Moscow
  The method of the beam profile monitoring with scanning electron beam is analyzed. Simulation model of the ion/electron beam interaction is presented and some simulation results are shown. In the report the estimation of overall performance characteristics of this method such as sensitivity, spatial resolution, frequency bandwidth etc. are given.  
 
THPLT100 Development of a Permanent Magnet Residual Gas Profile Monitor With Fast Readout plasma, antiproton, feedback, cyclotron 2721
 
  • D.A. Liakin, S.V. Barabin, V. Skachkov
    ITEP, Moscow
  • P. Forck, T. Giacomini
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • A. Vetrov
    MSU, Moscow
  The beam profile measurement at modern ion synchrotrons and storage rings require high timing performances on a turn-by-turn basis. From the other hand, high spatial resolutions are very desirable for cold beams. We are developing a residual gas monitor to cover the wide range of beam currents and transversal distributions of particles. It supplies the needed high-resolution and high-speed tools for beam profiling. The new residual gas monitor, will operate on secondary electrons whose trajectories are localized within 0.1 mm filaments. The required magnetic field of 100 mT will be excited by a permanent magnet. In the fast turn-by-turn mode the beam profile will be read out with a resolution of 1 mm by a 100-channel photodiode-amplifier-digitizer. The high resolution mode of 0.1 mm is provided by a CCD camera with upstream MCP-phosphor screen assembly. In this paper the first results of the photodiode-digitizer device testing, the compact mechanical design features and simulation results of the permanent magnet device are presented.  
 
THPLT102 Characteristics of Sealed-off Electron Gun with Wide Beam plasma, gun, antiproton, feedback 2724
 
  • V.M. Pirozhenko
    MRTI RAS, Moscow
  • A.N. Korolev, K.G. Simonov
    ISTOK, Moscow Region
  Compact sealed-off electron gun is a new promising type of devices. The gun generates wide beam of electrons with energy up to 200 keV and high peak power in 2-microsecond pulses. The beam is extracted to the atmosphere or a gas through the foil being uniformly distributed over the area of exposure. The gun contains the long ribbon cathode of oxide type, the electrodes for forming required distribution of the beam, the output window with 20-micron titanium foil, the high-voltage ceramic insulator, and the vacuum casing of rectangular shape. The gun is applied in the radiation technology system intended for the treatment of continuously moving tapes with 300 mm width. The gun design provides 10% uniformity of the radiation dose on the tape width.  
 
THPLT106 Measurement of Beam Polarization in VEPP-3 Storage Ring using Internal Target-based Moeller Polarimeter plasma, gun, antiproton, polarization 2727
 
  • A.V. Grigoriev, V. Kiselev, E.V. Kremyanskaya, E. Levichev, S.I. Mishnev, S.A. Nikitin, D.M. Nikolenko, I.A. Rachek, Y.V. Shestakov, D.K. Toporkov, V.N. Zhilich
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  A method for beam polarization measurement in a storage ring has been for the first time developed and applied based on measuring the asymmetry in scattering of polarized beam electrons on the internal polarized gas jet target. Using this method we have studied the polarization in VEPP-3 booster storage ring. VEPP-3 is the source of polarized beams for VEPP-4M electron-positron collider in the planned experiment on high-precision mass measurement of tau-lepton near the production threshold of the latter (1777 MeV). Radiative polarization of beams obtained in VEPP-3 is used for absolute calibration of particle energy by the resonant depolarization technique after injection into VEPP-4M ring. The polarimeter design is described. Results of polarization measurements performed in 60 MeV range of VEPP-3 energy contiguous from above to tau-lepton production threshold are presented and discussed. The depolarizing influence of the integer machine spin resonance (1763 MeV) as well as of the combination spin resonances with the betatron frequencies are found to be significant.  
 
THPLT107 VEPP-4M Optical Beam Profile Monitor with a One-turn Temporal Resolution plasma, gun, antiproton, polarization 2730
 
  • O.I. Meshkov, V.F. Gurko, A.D. Khilchenko, V. Kiselev, N.Y. Muchnoi, N.A. Selivanov, V.V. Smaluk, A.N. Zhuravlev, P.V. Zubarev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  The transverse beam profile monitor based on Hamamatsu multi-anode photomultiplier with 16 anode strips is used at the VEPP-4M collider. The monitor is applied to study turn-to-turn dynamics of the transverse beam profile during 131 000 turns. The device provides a permanent measurement of synchrotron and betatron frequencies as well.  
 
THPLT108 The Study of the Beam TAILS with the Optical Coronagraph plasma, gun, antiproton, polarization 2733
 
  • O.I. Meshkov, M.G. Fedotov, E.V. Kremyanskaya, E. Levichev, N.Y. Muchnoi, Yu.A. Pakhotin, N.A. Selivanov, A.N. Zhuravlev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  Optical white-light Lyot coronograph is applied at the VEPP-4M collider to study the "tails" of the transverse beam profile. The device is used for investigation of the beam-beam effects.  
 
THPLT109 The Upgraded Optical Diagnostic of the VEPP-4M Collider plasma, gun, antiproton, polarization 2736
 
  • O.I. Meshkov, M.G. Fedotov, V.F. Gurko, A.D. Khilchenko, N.Y. Muchnoi, Yu.A. Pakhotin, N.A. Selivanov, A.N. Zhuravlev, E.I. Zinin, P.V. Zubarev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  The upgraded optical diagnostic of the VEPP-4M collider is described. The system abilities are improved sufficiently in comparing with the previous version. Now the diagnostic supplies the data about an electron/positron beam transversal and longitudinal size, shape and position. It is applied to study the electron beam "tails" and turn-to-turn beam profile dynamics. The system is used to tune of the beam pass-by from the VEPP-3 booster to the VEPP-4M collider and provides the permanent measurements of the synchrotron and betatron frequencies.  
 
THPLT110 Modelling of Accelerating Structures with Finite-difference Time-domain Method plasma, gun, antiproton, polarization 2739
 
  • E.V. Pickulin, V.N. Malyshev
    LETI, Saint-Petersburg
  • S.A. Silaev, Y.A. Svistunov
    NIIEFA, St. Petersburg
  A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is very popular for electromagnetic field modeling. The practical interest in the method is the ability to calculate fields in time domain at any time point in the accelerating structure. That is to say the FDTD method is able to model transient process taking into account the peculiarity of RF power input device. A FDTD approach for modeling of alternate phase focusing structure is presented in this paper. The modeling of lossy metals is a problem in classical formulation of FDTD method. This matter is investigated and one of the solutions is presented in this paper. There are some problems of signal processing when using time-domain method for resonant structure modeling. The matters of mode determination are also investigated and presented in this paper. The simulation results are compared with experimental data.  
 
THPLT111 An Accelerator-based Thermal Neutron Source for BNCT Application plasma, gun, antiproton, polarization 2742
 
  • A. Makhankov, A. Gervash, R. Giniyatulin, I. Mazul, M. Rumyantsev
    NIIEFA, St. Petersburg
  • J. Esposito, L.B. Tecchio
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  • V. Khripunov
    RRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow
  An accelerator-based thermal neutron source, aimed at the BNCT treatment of skin melanoma is in construction at the INFN-LNL in the framework of SPES project. The BNCT device exploit the intense proton beam provided by a 5 MeV, 30 mA RFQ that represent the first accelerating step of the SPES exotic nuclei production beam facility. Neutrons are generated by 9Be(p,n)9B nuclear reaction in a high power (150 kW) Beryllium target. The operational condition of the Beryllium converter is close to the condition of Be-armoured components in fusion reactors. The main difference consists in the necessity of limitation of structural materials amount used in the design in order to meet therapeutic irradiation requirements. Two possible design of neutron converter are developed: one with saddle block tiles brazed to CuCrZr tubes and another one with Be target made from solid Be block. Results of R&D works on the development of water cooled Be target for converter are presented, including data on selected materials, technological trials and mockups high heat flux testing.  
 
THPLT112 Methods and Instrumentation for Measurement of Low Ion Beam Currents at Cryring plasma, gun, antiproton, polarization 2745
 
  • A. Paal, A. Källberg, A. Simonsson
    MSL, Stockholm
  • J. Dietrich, I. Mohos
    FZJ/IKP, Jülich
  In many CRYRING experiments an accurate measurement of the circulating ion beam current is essential for determination of e.g. absolute cross sections. However, the current produced from the ion source can be very low. Furthermore, when surface barrier detectors are used, for example in the merged electron-ion beam experiments, the current has to be kept low to avoid saturation. With new electronics, using an Integrating Current Transformer with 5 V/A sensitivity, the current resolution of the Bergoz Beam Charge Monitor (BCM) has been increased to below 1 nA for bunched beams. The sum signal of the capacitive pick-up located at the farthest point from the RF-system is integrated by a second gated integrator. The RMS resolution is about 100 pA. To measure the intensity of coasting beams neutral particle detectors and a residual-gas beam profile monitor are used, calibrated with the BCM output during 20-100 ms after acceleration. The micro-channel plate detectors can handle a few Mcps count rate with a maximum 1 cps dark count rate. Presently a 50 Mcps secondary electron multiplier is being tested as a neutral particle monitor, having a maximum dark count rate of 0.05 cps  
 
THPLT113 Conceptual Design of a Microwave Confocal Resonator Pick-up plasma, gun, antiproton, polarization 2747
 
  • V.G. Ziemann, A. Ferrari, T. Lofnes
    TSL, Uppsala
  • F. Caspers, I. Syratchev
    CERN, Geneva
  A confocal resonator may be used as a pick-up for frequencies in the multi-GHz region. In this report we discuss the design by analytical and numerical methods of such a device. Furthermore we discuss engineering issues such as the damping of unwanted modes, shielding of image fields and manufacturing tolerances. Such a device can be used both as pick-up and kicker where the actual structure is several wavelengths away from the beam in the transverse direction. It is intended for highly relativistic beams and does not require changing particle trajectory as opposed to a diagnostic wiggler.  
 
THPLT114 A New Mono-energetic Neutron Beam Facility in the 20-180 MeV Range plasma, gun, antiproton, polarization 2750
 
  • V.G. Ziemann, L.-O. Andersson, T. Bergmark, O. Bystrom, A. Bäcklund, H. Calen, L. Einarsson, C. Ekström, J. Fransson, K.J. Gajewski, N. Haag, T. Hartman, E. Hellbeck, T. Johansen, O. Jonsson, B. Lundström, R.P. Peterson, L. Pettersson, A. Prokofiev, D. Reistad, P.-U. Renberg, R. Wedberg, D. Wessman, L. Westerberg, D. van Rooyen
    TSL, Uppsala
  • J. Blomgren, S. Pomp, U. Tippawan, M. Österlund
    INF, Uppsala
  Recent interest in nuclear applications involving neutrons, like ransmutation of nuclear waste, fast-neutron cancer therapy, dose to personnel in aviation and electronics failures due to cosmic-ray neutrons, motivate the development of a facility producing intense mono-energetic neutron beams. At The Svedberg laboratory (TSL), Uppsala, Sweden, we have developed such a facility by utilizing the existing cyclotron and inserting a flexible Lithium target in a rebuilt beam line. The new facility can operate at unsurpassed quasi-monoenergetic neutron intensities and provides large flexibility of the neutron beam properties, like diameter and shape.  
 
THPLT122 The Energy Deposition Profile of 0.1-3.0 MeV Electrons in NaCl plasma, gun, antiproton, polarization 2753
 
  • V.V. Gann
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  • A.V. Sugonyako, D.I. Vainshtein, H.W. den Hartog
    RUG, Groningen
  An analysis is presented of existing experimental and theoretical data of energy loss profiles and energy deposition in thick targets irradiated with MeV-energy electrons. A simple approximate calculation is proposed for the energy deposition profile of a perpendicular beam of 0.1-3 MeV electrons in matter. The results obtained with this method are in agreement with existing calculated and measured energy absorption profiles for a variety of materials. It will be shown that the build-up phenomenon has a significant effect on the energy deposition profile in thick samples. A systematic experimental investigation of the energy deposition profile of 0.5 MeV electrons in 0.2 - 0.8 mm thick NaCl platelets has been carried out. The distribution of the absorbed dose was determined with differential scanning calorimetry method by measuring either the latent heat of melting of the radiation-induced Na-precipitates or the stored energy.  
 
THPLT123 Coupling Coefficients in the Inhomogeneous Cavity Chain plasma, gun, antiproton, polarization 2756
 
  • K. Kramarenko, M.I. Ayzatskiy
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  In this paper a mathematical method on the base of a rigorous electrodynamic approach for description of inhomogeneous chain of cylindrical cavities is presented. The form of the obtained for chosen amplitudes set of equations is similar to the set of equations that describe the simple coupled circuit chain. As the cavity have the infinite number of resonant frequencies, to obtain the coupling coefficients one have to solve additional infinite set of linear equations with coefficients that depend on the frequency. Using the developed method in the case of inhomogeneous cavity chain we calculated the dependence of the coupling coefficients on frequency and geometrical sizes with taking into account the 'long-range' coupling.  
 
THPLT124 Simulation Technique for Study of Transient Self-consistent Beam Dynamics in RF Linacs plasma, gun, antiproton, polarization 2759
 
  • V.V. Mytrochenko, A. Opanasenko
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  The report describes a simulation technique for study of unsteady self-consistent dynamics of charged particles in resonant linacs. The technique allows simulating the linacs that consist of resonant cavities and traveling wave sections. The proposed approach is based on unsteady theories of excitation of resonant cavities and waveguides by a beam of charged particles and RF feeders. The theory of waveguide excitation is generalized to the case of spatially inhomogeneous traveling wave structures. The system of self-consistent differential equations for fields and motion of particles is integrated over time and space. The SUPERFISH code is used to evaluate characteristics of the axially symmetrical cavities and traveling wave sections. The PARMELA code is applied to simulate motion of the particles at each time step of the integration. In such a way the fields and beam characteristics in the axially symmetrical accelerating structures can be obtained for transient and steady state operation. Description of the algorithm and results of its validation are presented.