EPAC 2004 - List of Keywords

A B C D E F G H I K L M O P Q R S T U V W

laser

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPKF020	Proposal for a Sub-100 fs Electron Bunch Arrival-time Monitor for the VUV-FEL at DESY	wiggler, electron, damping, gun	345
	H. Schlarb, S. Düsterer, J. Feldhaus, J. Hauschildt, R. Ischebeck, K. Ludwig, B. Schmidt, P. Schmüser, S. Simrock, B. Steffen, F. Van den Berghe, A. Winter DESY, Hamburg P.H. Bucksbaum, A. Cavalieri, D. Fritz, S. Lee, D. Reis Michigan University, Ann Arbor, Michigan
	For pump-probe experiments at the VUV-Free Electron Laser at DESY, an external optical laser system will be installed, capable of delivering ultra-short pulses of high intensity. The laser pulses with a center wavelength of 800 nm are synchronized with the VUV-FEL beam which covers the wavelength range between 6 nm and 80 nm. The expected pulse durations are typically 100 fs FWHM or below. For high-resolution pump-probe experiments a precise knowledge of the time difference between both pulses is mandatory. In this paper we describe the layout and the design of a high-precision electron bunch arrival time monitor based on an electro-optic technique. We present the numerical results of simulations that include: the laser propagation in a specifically designed demanding optical system, the laser transport through a 150 m long optical fibre, the electro-optically induced effect in different types of crystals and for different electron bunch shapes as well as the effects of wake fields on the co-propagating electric-fields and their impact on the observable signals.

MOPKF021	Properties of Cathodes Used in the Photoinjector RF Gun at the DESY VUV-FEL	wiggler, electron, damping, alignment	348
	S. Schreiber DESY, Hamburg J.H. Han DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen P. Michelato, L. Monaco, D. Sertore INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
	The new injector of the DESY VUV-FEL is being commissioned in spring 2004. Several cathodes have been tested in the photoinjector RF Gun. We report on quantum efficiency, dark current, and the overall appearance of the cathodes after their use.

MOPKF022	Commissioning of the VUV-FEL Injector at TTF	wiggler, electron, damping, alignment	351
	S. Schreiber DESY, Hamburg
	The VUV-FEL at the TESLA Test Facility (TTF) at DESY is being upgraded to an FEL user facility serving high brilliance beams in the wavelength range from the VUV to soft X-rays. The photoinjector has been redesigned to meet the more demanding beam parameters in terms of transverse emittance, peak current, and energy spread. The first phase of the injector upgrade has been finished in spring 2004. We report on its commissioning, including first measurements of beam parameters.

MOPKF025	Planar and Planar Helical Superconductive Undulators for Storage Rings, State of the Art	wiggler, electron, damping, alignment	354
	R. Rossmanith, A. Bernhard, B.K. Kostka FZK-ISS-ANKA, Karlsruhe D. Dölling, A. Hobl, D. Krischel, S. Kubsky ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach U. Schindler, E. Steffens Erlangen University, Erlangen T. Schneider FZ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe
	Planar superconductive undulators for low beam currents were successfully tested in the past. In a next step devices suitable for small gaps in storage rings are in preparation. The tests will clarify experimentally the heat load generated by the beam in the cold bore and will allow to optimize the control system of such devices. In addition, the layout of the next generation of planar superconductive undulators with electrically variable polarization direction are introduced in this paper.

MOPKF026	Conditioning and High Power Test of the RF Guns at PITZ	wiggler, gun, damping, alignment	357
	J.H. Han, K. Abrahamyan, J. Bähr, H.-J. Grabosch, M. Krasilnikov, D. Lipka, V. Miltchev, A. Oppelt, B. Petrosyan, D. Pose, L. Staykov, F. Stephan DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen I. Bohnet, J.-P. Carneiro, K. Floettmann, S. Schreiber DESY, Hamburg M.V. Hartrott, R. Richter BESSY GmbH, Berlin P. Michelato, L. Monaco, D. Sertore INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
	This paper describes the recent results of conditioning and high power tests of the photocathode RF guns at the Photo Injector Test Facility at DESY Zeuthen (PITZ). For successful operation of high gain SASE FELs, high phase space density of the electron beam is required. A high gradient in the gun has to be applied to improve the quality of the space charge dominated beams. In addition, long RF pulses and high repetition rate should be achieved to provide a high average power of FEL radiation. The first PITZ RF gun has been successfully tested at a mean power of 27 kW (900μseconds, 10 Hz, and 3 MW) and has been installed at the VUV-FEL at DESY Hamburg. Another RF gun has been installed at PITZ in January 2004 and is being conditioned for high power tests. The dark current behavior for various cathodes and for all operating schemes is also presented.

MOPKF029	Seeding High Gain Harmonic Generation with Laser Harmonics produced in Gases	wiggler, damping, alignment, linac	363
	G. Lambert, B. Carré, M.-E. Couprie, D. Garzella CEA/Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette A. Doria, L. Giannessi ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma) T. Hara, H. Kitamura, T. Shintake RIKEN Spring-8 Harima, Hyogo
	Free electron lasers employing High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG) schemes are very promising coherent light sources for the soft X-ray regime. They offer both transverse and longitudinal coherence, inversely to Self Amplified Spontaneous Emission schemes, where the longitudinal coherence is limited. We propose here to seed HGHG with high harmonics produced by a Ti:Sa femtosecond laser focused on a gas jet, tuneable in the 100-10 nm spectral region. Specifities concerning the implementation of this particular laser source as a seed for HGHG are investigated. Theoretical ad numerical calculations (using PERSEO in particular) are given, for the cases of the SCSS and ARC-EN-CIEL projects.

MOPKF030	"ARC-EN-CIEL" a Proposal for a 4th Generation Light Source in France	wiggler, damping, alignment, photon	366
	M.-E. Couprie, D. Garzella, B. Gilquin, P. Monot, L. Nahon CEA/DSM, Gif-sur-Yvette O.V. Chubar, A. Loulergue SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette M. Desmons, M. Jablonka, F. Meot, A. Mosnier CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette J.-R. Marquès LULI, Palaiseaux J.-M. Ortega LURE, Orsay A. Rousse LOA, Palaiseau
	An accelerator based 4th generation source is proposed to provide the user community with coherent femtosecond light pulses in the UV to X ray range. The project is based on a CW 700 MeV superconducting linac delivering high charge, subpicosecond, low emittance electron bunches with high repetition rate. This facility allows for testing High Gain Harmonic Generation seeded with high harmonics in gases, as well as the standard SASE mode, covering a spectral range down to 0.8 nm and 5 nm respectively. In addition, two beam loops are foreseen to increase the beam current in using the energy recovery technique. They will accommodate undulators for the production of femtosecond synchrotron radiation in the IR, VUV and X ray ranges together with a FEL oscillator in the 10 nm range.

MOPKF040	Effect of Electron-beam Feedbacks on the ELETTRA Storage-ring Free-electron Laser	injection, electron, booster, linac	393
	M. Trovò, D. Bulfone, M. Danailov, G. De Ninno, B. Diviacco, V. Forchi', M. Lonza ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste L. Giannessi ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
	As is well known, the stability of a storage-ring free-electron laser is strongly related to that of the electron beam. With respect to second-generation devices, such as Super ACO and UVSOR, the free-electron laser at ELETTRA is characterized by a noticeably higher gain and, consequently, shows to be much more sensitive to electron-beam instabilities. In order to counteract the impact of such instabilities, both a longitudinal multibunch and a local orbit feedbacks have been implemented for free-electron laser operation. Aim of this paper is to report on the beneficial effect of these feedback systems on the laser performance.

MOPKF041	SPARC Photoinjector Working Point Optimization, Tolerances and Sensitivity to Errors	injection, electron, booster, emittance	396
	M. Ferrario, M.E. Biagini, M. Boscolo, V. Fusco, S. Guiducci, M. Migliorati, C. Sanelli, F. Tazzioli, C. Vaccarezza INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) L. Giannessi, L. Mezi, M. Quattromini, C. Ronsivalle ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma) J. Rosenzweig UCLA, Los Angeles, California L. Serafini INFN-Milano, Milano
	A new optimization of the SPARC photoinjector, aiming to reduce the FEL saturation length, is presented in this paper. Start to end simulations show that with 1.1 nC charge in a 10 ps long bunch we can deliver at the undulator entrance a beam having 100 A in 50% of the slices (each slice being 300 mm long) with a slice emittance ?1 mm, thus reducing the FEL-SASE saturation length to 12 m at 500 nm wavelength. In addition the stability of the nominal working point and its sensitivity to various type of random errors, under realistic conditions of the SPARC photoinjector operation, are discussed. A systematic scan of the main parameters around the operating point, performed with PARMELA code interfaced to MATLAB, shows that the probability to get a projected emittance exceeding 1 mm is only 10 % and the slice emittance remains below 1 mm in all cases.

MOPKF072	Towards Attosecond X-ray Pulses from the FEL	undulator, wiggler, bunching, cathode	482
	A. Zholents, J.M. Byrd, W. Fawley, Z. Hao, M.C. Martin, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, R.W. Schoenlein, M. Venturini, M.S. Zolotorev LBNL, Berkeley, California
	The ability to study ultrafast phenomena has been recently advanced by the demonstrated production and measurement of a single, 650-attosecond, soft x-ray pulses precisely synchronized to the pump laser pulse consisted of just few optical cycles. The next frontier is a production of attosecond x-ray pulses at even shorter wavelengths. Here we propose the method of ?seeded attosecond x-ray radiation? where an isolated, attosecond duration, short-wavelength x-ray pulse is radiated by electrons selected by their previous interaction with a few-cycle, intense laser pulse. In principle this method allows excellent synchronization between the attosecond x-ray probe pulse and a pump source that can be the same few-cycle laser pulse or another signal derived from it.

MOPKF073	Design Study of the Bending Sections between Harmonic Cascade FEL Stages	undulator, wiggler, cathode, insertion	485
	W. Wan, J.N. Corlett, W. Fawley, A. Zholents LBNL, Berkeley, California
	The present design of LUX (linac based ultra-fast X-ray facility) includes a harmonic cascade FEL chain to generate coherent EUV and soft X-ray radiation. Four cascade stages, each consisting of two undulators acting as a modulator and a radiator, respectively, are envisioned to produce photons of approximate wavelengths 48 nm, 12 nm, 4 nm and 1 nm. Bending sections may be placed between the modulator and the radiator of each stage to adjust and maintain bunching of the electrons, to separate, in space, photons of different wavelengths and to optimize the use of real estate. In this note, the conceptual design of such a bending section, which may be used at all four stages, is presented. Preliminary tracking results show that it is possible to maintain bunch structure of nm length scale in the presence of errors, provided that there is adequate orbit correction and there are 2 families of trim quads and trim skew quads, respectively, in each bending section.

MOPKF074	Harmonic Cascade FEL Designs for LUX	electron, wiggler, cathode, insertion	488
	G. Penn, J.N. Corlett, W. Fawley, M. Reinsch, W. Wan, J.S. Wurtele, A. Zholents LBNL, Berkeley, California
	LUX is a proposed facility for ultrafast X-ray science, based on an electron beam accelerated to GeV energies in a recirculating linac. Included in the design are short duration (200 fs or shorter FWHM) light sources using multiple stages of higher harmonic generation, seeded by a 190–250 nm laser of similar duration. This laser modulates the energy of a group of electrons within the electron bunch; this section of the electron bunch then produces radiation at a higher harmonic after entering a second, differently tuned undulator. Repeated stages in a cascade yield increasing photon energies up to 1 keV. Most of the undulators in the cascade operate in the low-gain FEL regime. Harmonic cascades have been designed for each pass of the recirculating linac up to a final electron beam energy of 3.1 GeV. For a given cascade, the photon energy can be selected over a wide range by varying the seed laser frequency and the field strength in the undulators. We present simulation results using the codes GENESIS and GINGER, as well as the results of analytical models which predict FEL performance. We discuss lattice considerations pertinent for harmonic cascade FELs, as well as sensitivity studies and requirements on the electron beam.

MOPKF076	An Overview of the Cryomodule for the Cornell ERL Injector	electron, wiggler, cathode, insertion	491
	H. Padamsee, B.M. Barstow, V. Medjidzade, V.D. Shemelin, K.W. Smolenski Cornell University, Ithaca, New York I. Bazarov, C.K. Sinclair Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York S.A. Belomestnykh, R. Geng, M. Liepe, M. Tigner, V. Veshcherevich Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
	The first stage of the Cornell ERL project will be a 100 MeV, 100 mA (CW) prototype machine to study the energy recovery concept with high current, low emittance beams. In the injector, a bunched 100 mA, 500 keV beam of a DC gun will be compressed in a normal-conducting copper buncher and subsequently accelerated by five superconducting 2-cell cavities to an energy of 5.5 MeV. We will present an overview of the injector status to include the status of the cryomodule design along with the status of the 2-cell HOM-free cavity, the twin-input coupler and the ferrite HOM dampers in related papers.

MOPKF078	ERL Upgrade of an Existing X-ray Facility: CHESS at CESR	electron, wiggler, cathode, linac	497
	G. Hoffstaetter, M. Liepe, R.M. Talman, M. Tigner Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York I. Bazarov, H. Bilderback, M. Billing, S. Gruner, D. Sagan, C.K. Sinclair Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
	CORNELL has proposed an Energy-Recovery Linac (ERL) based synchrotron-light facility which can provide improved x-ray radiation due to the high beam quality that can be available from a linac. To additionally utilize beam currents that are competitive with ring-based light sources, the linac has to operate with the novel technique of energy recovery, the feasibility of which CORNELL plans to demonstrate in a downscaled prototype ERL. Here we present an ERL upgrade of the existing 2nd generation light source CHESS at CESR. This proposed upgrade suggests how existing storage rings can be extended to ERL light sources with much improved beam qualities.

MOPKF083	Inverse Free Electron Laser Heater for the LCLS	wiggler, gun, electron, undulator	512
	R. Carr, L.D. Bentson, P. Bolton, D. Dowell, P. Emma, A. Gilevich, Z. Huang, J.J. Welch, J. Wu SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	The LCLS Free Electron Laser employs an RF photocathode gun that yields a 1 nC charge bunch a few picoseconds long, which must be further compressed to yield the high current required for SASE gain. The very cold electron beam from the RF photocathode gun is quite sensitive to microbunching instabilities such as coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the compressor chicanes and longitudinal space charge (LSC) in the linac. These effects can be Landau damped by adding energy spread to the electron bunch prior to compression. We propose to do this by interacting an infrared laser beam with the electron bunch in an undulator added to the LCLS gun-to-linac injector. The undulator is placed in a 4-bend chicane to allow the IR laser beam to propagate co-linearly with the e-beam while it oscillates in the undulator. The IR laser beam is derived from the photocathode gun laser. Simulations presented elsewhere in these proceedings show that the laser interaction damps the microbunching instabilities to a very great extent. This paper is a description of the implementation of the laser heater

MOPKF084	Beam Instabilities in Lepton Ring of eRHIC	lepton, wiggler, gun, undulator	515
	D. Wang, M. Farkhondeh, C. Tschalaer, J. Van der Laan, F. Wang, A. Zolfaghari, T. Zwart MIT/BLAC, Middleton, Massachusetts M. Blaskiewicz, Y. Luo, L. Wang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	The eRHIC is a high luminosity lepton-hadron collider planned to be built in Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, New York, USA. The lepton machine of eRHIC is a completely newly designed machine complex to provide highly polarized lepton beams at up to 10 GeV energy for the high luminosity lepton-hadron collisions. This paper decribes major issues of collective effects in this lepton storage ring. Besides conventional impedance-driven instabilities, the electron cloud effects in positron operation and fast beam-ion effects in electron operation are of major conserns. The analytical and numerical estimats for major collective effects are made with different machine operation conditions.

MOPLT073	Picosecond High Voltage Switching for Pulsed DC Acceleration	acceleration, background, wiggler, vacuum	722
	J. Hendriks, G.J.H. Brussaard TUE, Eindhoven
	Laser wakefield acceleration promises the production of high energy electrons from table-top accelerators. External injection of a (low energy) electron bunch into a laser wakefield requires acceleration gradients of the order GV/m. In principle DC acceleration can achieve GV/m acceleration gradients. If high voltage pulses of the order MV can be switched with picosecond precision, the performance of such an accelerator would be greatly enhanced and even multistage DC acceleration would become feasible. Presently risetime and jitter of high voltage pulses in high voltage laser triggered spark gaps are limited to the nanosecond regime by the initial stochastic breakdown process in the gap. A way to overcome this limitation is to create a line focus between the electrodes with an intensity above 10¹⁸ W/m² using a high power femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser. Because of the instantaneous ionization and high degree of ionization in the plasma channel, picosecond switching precision can be achieved and jitter is reduced significantly. A spark gap test setup with 3 mm interelectrode distance has been build and the first measurements have been done. Femtosecond diagnostics for characterization of the laser induced plasma and electro-optic diagnostics for the high voltage pulse have been developed.

MOPLT075	Ideal Waterbag Electron Bunches from an RF Photogun	background, wiggler, acceleration, vacuum	725
	O.J. Luiten, M.J. Van der Wiel, S.B. van der Geer TUE, Eindhoven F. Kiewiet FOM Rijnhuizen, Nieuwegein M.J. de Loos PP, Soest
	With the implementation of fs mode-locked Ti:Sapphire lasers in high-gradient RF photoguns, a new charged particle acceleration regime has emerged, the so-called pancake regime. Pancake bunches have by definition a restframe length which is much smaller than the bunch radius. This geometry allows a relatively simple, but effective analytical description of the space-charge dominated, critical initial part of the acceleration trajectory. In high-gradient RF photoguns the pancake regime can be relevant up to several MeV. The general opinion is that extremely short bunches should be avoided during the initial stages of the acceleration process, because high space charge densities are always detrimental to the final beam quality. We show that this is not necessarily true: shorter bunches may even lead to better beams.

MOPLT078	The Coupling Compensation and Measurement in the Interaction Region of BEPCII	background, wiggler, acceleration, vacuum	728
	C.H. Yu, G. Xu IHEP Beijing, Beijing
	The detector solenoid field in the BEPCII interaction region will be compensated by 6 anti-solenoids, which are located nearby the interaction point. The coupling compensation scheme and the method to tune the x-y coupling at the interaction point will be introduced in detail.

MOPLT081	Low Energy Ion Beam Dynamics in Axisymmetric RF Undulator Linac	background, wiggler, vacuum, resonance	731
	E.S. Masunov, S.M. Polozov MEPhI, Moscow
	The ion beam focusing and acceleration in an axisymmetric periodic RF undulator structure is considered. There is suggested that RF field has no a synchronous wave and accelerating force is to be driven by a combination of two non-synchronous waves. The influence of non-synchronous harmonics on ion beam dynamics is studied by means of a smooth approximation. Choice and optimization of RF field harmonics are made to obtain maximal transmission coefficient. The result is verified by a numerical simulation. The comparison with a conventional RF linac, where a synchronous harmonic accelerates a beam and non-synchronous one is focusing a beam, is described. This comparison is suitable for demonstration of the capabilities of an undulator linac.

MOPLT086	Upgrading the Control System at KCSR	background, wiggler, vacuum, resonance	734
	I.V. Krylov, V. Korchuganov, L.A. Moseiko, N.I. Moseiko, V.A. Novikov, A.G. Valentinov, Y.L. Yupinov RRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow
	Till now Kurchatov Centre of Synchrotron Radiation facility control system is based on a CAMAC-oriented computers network. In this paper the project of upgrading and results of prototyping of the new equipment is submitted. Upgrading includes two levels. First, it is possible to create the modern CAMAC crate-controller, connected with standard network. More advanced variant will consist in replacement of CAMAC modules with the embedded controllers of equipment. Second level is a creation of a local managing network of personal computers, as consoles of the control system. The control system is functionally divided into four levels: 1) the controllers managing in a real-time mode by the executive equipment; 2) the workstations which are supporting the link with controllers by CAN-network; 3) the server of applications containing a dynamic database; 4) the PCs network for users applications. Examples of realisation of the software are presented.

MOPLT087	Research of Possibility to use Beam Polarization for Absolute Energy Calibration in High-precision Measurement of Tau Lepton Mass at VEPP-4M	background, wiggler, vacuum, induction	737
	A.V. Bogomyagkov, V. Kiselev, E.V. Kremyanskaya, E. Levichev, S.A. Nikitin, I.B. Nikolaev, E.A. Simonov, A.N. Skrinsky BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	Experiments of 2002-2003 years on measurement of duration of beam polarization existence in VEPP-4M electron-positron storage ring after injection of polarized beams from VEPP-3 booster at energies in the vicinity of tau-lepton production threshold (1777 MeV) are described. Polarized beams in such conditions are planned to use in the experiment at VEPP-4M with KEDR detector on high precision measurement of tau-lepton mass wiyh the help of resonant depolarization technique for absolute calibration of particle energy. It was shown that despite of closeness of the strong depolarizing integer spin resonance (1763 MeV) the polarization lifetime though is limited, but still is sufficient for realization of energy calibration procedure with a high accuracy (10-6).

MOPLT088	Experimental Plasma Wake-field Acceleration Project at the VEPP-5 Injection Complex	plasma, background, wiggler, acceleration	740
	A.V. Petrenko, A. Burdakov, A.M. Kudryavtsev, P.V. Logatchev, K.V. Lotov, A.N. Skrinsky BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	The project of an experimental facility based on the VEPP-5 injection complex is described. Due to a good quality of electron or positron beams and special beam preparation system, the facility opens several possibilities for studies of the plasma wakefield acceleration: high peak beam currents, arbitrary beam profiles, long term beam-plasma interaction (up to the full driver depletion), and precise beam diagnostics. Various wakefield regimes can be experimentally demonstrated and studied: the efficient blow-out regime with a low energy spread and high acceleration rate (up to several GeV per meter); multibunch regime; long bunch instabilities; beam self-organization in plasma; plasma lens. If successfully realized, this experiment becomes a solid argument for feasibility of a high-energy collider based upon the plasma wakefield acceleration.

MOPLT089	SOS-diode Based Pulser for the Injection System of the Collider VEPP-2000	plasma, background, wiggler, acceleration	743
	F.V. Podgorny, B.I. Grishanov, A.S. Kasaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	We describe high voltage pulsers for supplying of kickers of the collider VEPP-2000 injection system. The high voltage pulse is formed as a result of a sharp break of a high current, accumulated previously in storage elements, by means SOS-diode. Pulse forming lines or inductances could be used as the storage elements. The generators form the quasi-rectangular pulses on the 50-Ohm load. The generator scheme is described also.

MOPLT090	High Pulse and Average Power Low-induction Load	plasma, background, wiggler, acceleration	746
	F.V. Podgorny, B.I. Grishanov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	A high pulse and average power low-induction load with a built-in divider is described in this report. The load has a nominal resistance of 25 Ohm and is designed to operate with a repetition rate of up to 50 Hz at a pulse duration (FWHM) of 100 ns, a rise/fall time of 50 ns and a pulse amplitude of up to 40 kV. In this mode the dissipated energy is equal to about 8 J per pulse and average power is up to 400 W. The load can be used as an absorbing load and as a block element in high-voltage engineering.

MOPLT091	Accelerator Physics Issues of the VEPP-4M at Low Energy	plasma, background, wiggler, acceleration	749
	V.V. Smaluk BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	The VEPP-4M electron-positron collider is being prepared for a new high-energy physics run in the 1.5 - 2.0 GeV energy range. During the first run (2001-2002), precision mass measurements of the J/psi and psi' mesons using the KEDR detector have been carried out with a record accuracy. To provide high performance, efforts for investigation and further development of the machine have been done. The most important results are described. A record absolute accuracy of energy measurement was achieved using the resonant depolarization method. A possibility to use this method for the absolute energy calibration in tau-lepton mass measurements is studied. For the first time, the Moeller polarimeter based on an internal polarized gas jet target has been developed and successfully used at the VEPP-3 booster storage ring. A system of energy measurement using Compton back-scattering has been put into operation. To increase the machine luminosity, operation with dipole wigglers is studied, and a project of turn-by-turn feedback system to suppress beam instabilities has been started. For beam diagnostics, a multi-anode photomultiplier tube and a white light coronograph were installed. The VEPP-4M operation experience with the longitudinal magnetic field within the KEDR detector is also described.

MOPLT092	Single Mode RF Cavity for VEPP-2000 Storage Ring Based Collider	plasma, background, wiggler, acceleration	752
	V. Volkov, A. Bushuev, E. Kenjebulatov, I. Koop, A. Kosarev, Ya.G. Kruchkov, S.A. Krutikhin, I. Kuptcov, I. Makarov, N. Mityanina, V. Petrov, E. Rotov, I. Sedlyarov, Y.M. Shatunov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	Accelerating cavity 172 MHz with strong damped higher-order modes (HOM) for VEPP-2000 electron-positron collider have been made in Novosibirsk. Resonance frequences and Q values of cavity HOMs are measured and analysed. Most of HOMs have Q values less than 300. We compare these results with computer calculations of HOM.

MOPLT096	Machine Induced Background in the High Luminosity Experimental Insertion of the LHC Project	plasma, wiggler, acceleration, vacuum	755
	V. Talanov, I. Azhgirey, I. Baishev IHEP Protvino, Protvino, Moscow Region K.M. Potter CERN, Geneva
	The methodical approach, developed for the solution of the radiation problems in the LHC project, is used for the estimation of the machine induced background in the high luminosity experimental insertion IR1. The results of the cascade simulations are presented for the cases of the proton losses in the cold and warm parts of the collider. The formation of the machine induced background in the interaction region is discussed.

MOPLT097	Co-sourcing Development of Accelerator Controls	plasma, wiggler, acceleration, vacuum	758
	K. Zagar, R. Sabjan, I. Verstovsek JSI, Ljubljana M. Plesko Cosylab, Ljubljana
	Frequently, accelerator facilities make use of products and services offered by the industry. This paper's focus is on such outsourcing of control system hardware and software. Firstly, an attempt is made to explain the facility's motivation for seeking outside help, which is typically due to lack of resources, technology or knowledge. Then, the risks of outsourcing are enumerated. To mitigate them, the industrial partner should have not only the adequate technical expertise, but also a reliable, yet agile management and quality assurance process that meets the facility's expectations, schedule, budget constraints, maintenance and support needs. Finally, Cosylab's business model is presented, designed to provide lasting open-source solutions that help not only a single facility, but the entire community.

TUYACH01	Laser-acceleration and Laser-cooling for Ion Beams	gun, vacuum, focusing, acceleration	54
	M. Roth, A. Blazevic, E. Brambrink, M. Geissel TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt P. Audebert LULI, Palaiseaux M. Bussmann, D. Habs, U. Schramm, J. Schreiber LMU, München R. Clarke, S. Karsch, D. Neely CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon J.A. Cobble, J. Fernandez, M. Hegelich, S. Letzring LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico T.E. Cowan, J. Fuchs, A. Kemp, H. Ruhl University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada K. Ledingham, P. McKenna Strathclyde University, Glasgow
	The acceleration or cooling of particles with lasers has been the subject of growing interest over the last years. Because of the huge difference in mass, the acceleration of ions was so far limited to thermal expansion from laser plasmas, driven by the hot electron temperature. In recent years, due to the development of short-pulse ultra-intense lasers, the manipulation of ions has now become possible. Especially the generation of high quality, intense ion beams from laser solid interaction has attracted large attention and is investigated at many laboratories world-wide. For the first time, intense, directed, low emittance beams of ions have been observed, having several MeV of particle energy right from the source. A wealth of applications including next generation ion sources can be envisioned. The talk will give an overview of the status of laser cooling and ion acceleration including the last experimental results. In addition, an overview of the current and future research activities will be presented.
	Video of talk
	Transparencies

TUYBCH01	Design Criteria and Technology Challenges for the Undulators of the Future	gun, radiation, undulator, focusing	59
	H. Kitamura, T. Hara, X. Maréchal, T. Tanaka RIKEN Spring-8 Harima, Hyogo T. Bizen, T. Seike JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo
	Nowadays, undulators are essential devices for synchrotron radiation (SR) facilities since they generate a quasi-monochromatic radiation with various features, high brightness , high energy and special polarization characteristics. Particularly, demands for high-energy radiation in the X-ray region have become much stronger in many research fields. Accordingly, a short-period undulator design has been developed, because they increase the number of periods in a unit undulator length and as a consequence, they generate brilliant synchrotron radiation. Also, short undulator periodicity enables emission of high-energy photons, and it opens the way for X-ray beamline operation in medium size synchrotron radiation facilities, such as SLS, NSLS, PLS, CLS, ALS, SOLEIL, DIAMOND, SPEAR-III and so on. From the same reason, a short-period undulator is very attractive for SASE-FEL or ERL facilities, since it lowers the electron beam energy necessary for X-ray operation. As a result this design makes a whole facility design compact and economic. In the talk, I will review the status of the development on short-period undulators of various types (in-vacuum, superconducting and cryogenic types) and describe the future direction.
	Video of talk
	Transparencies

TUYBCH02	Technological Challenges for High Brightness Photo-injectors	gun, radiation, undulator, focusing	64
	G. Suberlucq CERN, Geneva
	Many applications, from linear colliders to free-electron lasers, passing through light sources and many other electron sources, require high brightness electron beams, usually produced by photo-injectors. Because certain parameters of these applications differ by several orders of magnitude, various solutions were implemented for the design and construction of the three main parts of the photo-injectors: lasers, photocathodes and guns. This paper summarizes the different requirements, how they lead to technological challenges and how R&D programs try to overcome these challenges. Some examples of state-of-the-art parts are presented.
	Video of talk
	Transparencies

TUPKF080	Photoemission Properties of Lead	plasma, impedance, booster, focusing	1126
	J. Smedley, T. Srinivasan-Rao, J. Warren BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York R.S. Lefferts, A.R. Lipski SBUNSL, Stony Brook, New York J. Sekutowicz Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
	There is significant interest in the possibility of building a super-conducting injector for high average current accelerator applications. One candidate for such a cavity design is superconducting lead. Such an injector would be made considerably simpler if it could be designed to use lead as the photocathode, eliminating the need for Cesiated materials in the injector. In this paper we present a study of the photoemission properties of lead at several UV wavelengths, including a study of the damage threshold of electroplated lead under laser cleaning. A quantum efficiency in excess of 0.1% has been achieved for a laser cleaned, electroplated lead sample with a laser wavelength of 193 nm.

TUPLT001	Beam Dynamics in 100 MeV S-Band Linac for CANDLE	plasma, impedance, booster, focusing	1129
	B. Grigoryan, V.M. Tsakanov CANDLE, Yerevan
	The report presents the results of the beam dynamics study in 100 MeV S-band linear accelerator foreseen as an injector for the CANDLE light source. An impact of the excited longitudinal and transverse wake fields on the particle energy spread and the beam transverse emittance are given.

TUPLT002	The Small-gap Undulator Impedance Study	plasma, impedance, booster, focusing	1132
	M. Ivanyan, V.M. Tsakanov CANDLE, Yerevan
	The small gap undulator vacuum chamber resistive impedance model is developed. The vacuum chamber is considered as equal-radii tubes with the different wall materials (stainless steel "copper" stainless steel). The complete impedance was calculated as a sum of tubes and transitions impedances. The modal expansion method for transition impedance calculation is presented.

TUPLT003	Transfer Matrices for the Coupled Space Charge Dominated Six-dimensional Particle Motion	plasma, impedance, booster, focusing	1135
	D. Kalantaryan, Y.L. Martirosyan CANDLE, Yerevan
	In this paper we present exact analytical solutions for the particle motion in the six-dimensional phase space taking into account the space charge forces of fully linear coupled beam. The transfer matrices for the typical elements of magnetic lattice, such as drifts, cavities, quadrupole and dipole magnets have been obtained. The symplectic transfer matrices are used to develop a tracking program for the coupled betatron and synchro-betatron motion that enables the simulation of the tilted beam effects in circular accelerators.

TUPLT006	Simple Analytic Formulae for the Properties of Nonscaling FFAG Lattices	plasma, impedance, booster, focusing	1138
	S.R. Koscielniak TRIUMF, Vancouver M.K. Craddock UBC & TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia
	A hallmark of the "non-scaling" FFAG lattices recently proposed for neutrino factories and muon colliders is that a wide range of momentum is compacted into a narrow radial band; dL/L is of order 10^-3 for dp/p of order unity. This property is associated with the use of F0D0 or FDF triplet lattices in which the F magnet provides a reverse bend. In this paper simple analytic formulae for key lattice properties, such as orbit displacement and path length as a function of momentum, are derived from thin-element models. These confirm the parabolic dependence of path-length on momentum observed with standard orbit codes, reveal the factors which should be adjusted to minimize its variation, and form a useful starting point for the thick-element design (for which analytic formulae are also presented). A key result is that optimized doublet, F0D0 and triplet cells of equal length and phase advance have equal path-length performance. Finally, in the context of a 10^-20 GeV/c muon ring, the thin-element formulae are compared against lattice optical properties computed for thick-element systems; the discrepancies are small overall, and most discernible for the triplet lattices.

TUPLT007	The CERN-SPL Chopper Concept and Final Layout	plasma, impedance, booster, focusing	1141
	F. Caspers, Y. Cuvet, J. Genest, M. Haase, M. Paoluzzi, A. Teixeira CERN, Geneva
	The fast chopper for the CERN SPL (Superconducting Proton Linac) consists of a double meander structure with a beta (v/c) value of 8 % printed on an alumina substrate for the deflecting plates. Each chopper unit is 50 cm long and housed in a quadrupole magnet surrounding the vacuum chamber. The deflecting plates are operated simultaneously in a dual mode, namely traveling wave mode for frequencies above about 10 MHz and as quasi electro-static deflectors below. The deflecting structures are water-cooled to handle heating from beam losses as well as from the deflecting signal. A detailed mechanical layout is presented including the tri-axial feeding and termination technique as well as a discussion of the drive amplifier

TUPLT008	A Retrofit Technique for Kicker Beam-coupling Impedance Reduction	plasma, booster, focusing, beamloading	1144
	F. Caspers, E.H.R. Gaxiola, T. Kroyer, M. Timmins, J.A. Uythoven CERN, Geneva S.S. Kurennoy LANL/LANSCE, Los Alamos, New Mexico
	The reduction of the impedance of operational ferrite kicker structures may be desirable in order to avoid rebuilding such a device. Often resistively coated ceramic plates or tubes are installed for this purpose but at the expense of available aperture. Ceramic U-shaped profiles with a resistive coating fitting between the ellipse of the beam and the rectangular kicker aperture have been used to significantly reduce the impedance of the magnet, while having a limited effect on the available physical aperture Details of this method, constraints, measurements and simulation results as well as practical aspects are presented and discussed.

TUPLT009	Trajectory Correction Studies for the CNGS Proton Beam Line	plasma, booster, focusing, beamloading	1147
	M. Meddahi, W. Herr CERN, Geneva
	The performance of the proposed trajectory correction scheme for the CNGS proton beam line was checked with an advanced simulation program. It was first investigated whether the scheme will be sufficient, and if some correctors or monitors could be suppressed in order to reduce the cost. The correction scheme was in particular tested for the case of faulty correctors or monitors. Possible critical scenarios were identified, which may not be visible in a purely statistical analysis. This part of the analysis was largely based on the experience with trajectory and orbit correction problems encountered in the SPS and LEP. The simulation of the trajectory correction procedure was done using recently developed software.

TUPLT010	Aperture and Stability Studies for the CNGS Proton Beam Line	target, plasma, booster, focusing	1150
	M. Meddahi, W. Herr CERN, Geneva
	The knowledge of the beam stability at the CNGS target is of great importance, both for the neutrino yield and for target rod resistance against non-symmetric beam impact. Therefore, simulating expected imperfections of the beam line elements and possible injection errors into the CNGS proton beam line, the beam spot stability at the target was investigated. Moreover, the mechanical aperture of the CNGS proton beam line was simulated and the results confirmed that the aperture is tight but sufficient.

TUPLT011	The LHC Lead Ion Injector Chain	ion, target, plasma, electron	1153
	K. Schindl, A. Beuret, A. Blas, J. Borburgh, H. Burkhardt, C. Carli, M. Chanel, T. Fowler, M. Gourber-Pace, S. Hancock, C.E. Hill, M. Hourican, J.M. Jowett, K. Kahle, D. Kuchler, A.M. Lombardi, E. Mahner, D. Manglunki, M. Martini, S. Maury, F. Pedersen, U. Raich, C. Rossi, J.-P. Royer, R. Scrivens, L. Sermeus, E.N. Shaposhnikova, G. Tranquille, M. Vretenar, T. Zickler CERN, Geneva
	A sizeable part of the LHC physics programme foresees heavy ion (lead-lead) collisions with a design luminosity of 10²⁷ cm^-2 s^-1. This will be achieved after an upgrade of the ion injector chain comprising Linac3, LEIR, PS and SPS machines. Each LHC ring will be filled in ~10 minutes with ~600 bunches, each of 7 10⁷ Pb ions. Central to the scheme is the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR), which transforms long pulses from Linac3 to high-brilliance bunches by means of 6D multi-turn injection and accumulation via electron cooling. Major limitations along the chain, including space charge, intra-beam scattering, vacuum issues, and emittance preservation are highlighted. The conversion from LEAR (Low Energy Antiproton Ring) to LEIR includes new magnets and power converters, high-current electron cooling, broad-band RF cavities, upgraded beam diagnostics, and UHV vacuum equipment relying on beam scrubbing to achieve a few 10^-12 mbar. Major hardware changes in Linac3 (Electron Cyclotron Resonance source, repetition rate, energy ramping cavity), PS (new injection hardware, elaborate RF gymnastics, stripping insertion), and SPS (100 MHz system) are described. An early beam scenario, using fewer bunches but the same bunch intensity to deliver a lower luminosity, reduces the work required for LHC ion operation in spring 2008.

TUPLT012	Adjusting the IP Beta-functions in RHIC.	ion, target, plasma, electron	1156
	W. Wittmer, F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, J. Van Zeijts BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	The beta- functions at the IP can be adjusted without perturbation of other optics functions via several approaches. In this paper we describe a scheme based on a vector knob, which assigns fixed values to the different tuning quadrupoles and scales them by a common multiplier. The values for the knob vector were calculated for a lattice without any errors using MADX. Previous studies for the LHC have shown that this approach can meet the design goals. A specific feature of the RHIC lattice is the nested power supply system. To cope with the resulting problems a detailed response matrix analysis has been carried out and different sets of knobs were calculated and compared. The knobs are tested at RHIC during the 2004 run and preliminary results maybe discussed. Simultaneously a new approach to measure the beam sizes of both colliding beams at the IP, based on the tune ability provided by the knobs, was developed and tested.

TUPLT013	Calculating LHC Tuning Knobs using Various Methods	ion, target, plasma, electron	1159
	W. Wittmer, D. Schulte, F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva
	By measuring and adjusting the beta-functions at the IP the luminosity is being optimized. In LEP this was done with the two closest doublet magnets. This approach is not applicable for the LHC due to the asymmetric lattice and common beam pipe through the triplet magnets. To control and change the beta-functions quadrupole groups situated on both sides further away from the IP have to be used where the two beams are already separated. The quadrupoles are excited in specific linear combinations, forming the so-called tuning knobs for the IP beta-functions. We compare the performance of such knobs calculated by different methods: (1) matching in MAD, (2) inversion of the re-sponse matrix and singular value decomposition inversion and conditioning and (3) conditioning the response matrix by multidimensional minimization using Hessian method.

TUPLT014	Comparative Design Studies of a Super Buncher for the 72 MeV Injection Line of the PSI Main Cyclotron	ion, target, plasma, electron	1162
	J.-Y. Raguin, A. Adelmann, M. Bopp, H. Fitze, M. Pedrozzi, P. Schmelzbach, P. Sigg PSI, Villigen
	The envisaged current upgrade from 2 to 3 mA of the PSI 590-MeV main cyclotron requires an increase of the global accelerating voltage of the 50-MHz cavities which leads to a nearly unacceptable RF requirement for the 150-MHz flattop cavity. In order to preserve the longitudinal acceptance and transmission of the machine while relaxing the high demands on the flattop system, it is conceivable to install a buncher in the 72-MeV injection line. To this end, normal-conducting 150-MHz half-wave resonators and 500-MHz two-gap drift-tube cavities have been designed and optimised for minimum input power and peak surface fields. The dependence of the RF properties (Q0, shunt impedances and peak fields) with beam apertures and gap voltages compatible with beam-dynamics requirements are presented.

TUPLT015	The Bunch Compressor System for SIS18 at GSI	target, plasma, electron, booster	1165
	P. Hülsmann, G. Hutter, W. Vinzenz GSI, Darmstadt
	For bunch compression down to pulse durations of 50 ns, a dedicated rf system is under development for the SIS12/18 heavy ion synchrotron upgrade and will be described in this paper. Due to space restrictions in SIS12/18 the rf system consists of very short cavities which provide a very large voltage gradient (50 kV/m) at a very low frequency of approximately 800 kHz and rf final stages which provide a short rise time. The only possibilty to meet the requirements is the application of a cavity heavily inductively loaded by metallic alloy (MA) ring cores. This new rf system will be a prototype for the advanced acceleration and compression system needed in SIS100, which is the most important part for the proposed International Acceleration Facility at GSI. In order to gain experience with different MA ring core materials two of the four compressor cavities are loaded differently, which gives us an opportunity to learn the operational advantages of both materials. It is expected that the experimental results will support the final judgement for the future rf system in SIS100.

TUPLT016	Improved Performance of the Heavy Ion Storage Ring ESR	target, plasma, electron, booster	1168
	M. Steck, K. Beckert, P. Beller, B. Franczak, B. Franzke, F. Nolden GSI, Darmstadt
	The heavy ion storage ring ESR at GSI allows experiments with stable and radioactive heavy ions over a large range of energies. The energy range available for operation with completely stripped ions has recently been extended to energies as low as 3 MeV/u. Even for bare uranium such low energies can be provided by deceleration of the ions which are stripped to high charge states in a foil at energies of 300-400 MeV/u. After injection the beam is cooled and decelerated in an inverse synchrotron mode interspersed with electron cooling at an intermediate energy. At the lowest energy of 3 MeV/u some hundreds of thousands ions could be electron cooled after deceleration. At energies of 10^-20 MeV/u physics experiments with stored and slowly extracted beam have been performed with some million decelerated cooled ions. The cooling of radioactive ions by a combination of stochastic pre-cooling and final electron cooling has been demonstrated. The hot fragment beam, which was injected at an energy of 400 MeV/u, was cooled in about 6 s to a quality useful for precision experiments.

TUPLT017	Achievements of the High Current Beam Performance of the GSI Unilac	target, plasma, electron, booster	1171
	W. Barth, L. Dahl, J. Glatz, L. Groening, S.G. Richter, S. Yaramishev GSI, Darmstadt
	The present GSI-accelerator complex is foreseen to serve for the future synchrotron SIS100 as an injector for up to 10¹² U²⁸⁺ particles/sec. The High Current Injector of the Unilac was successfully commissioned five years ago. An increase of more than two orders of magnitude in particle number for the heaviest elements in the SIS had to be gained. Since that time many different ion species were accelerated in routine operation. In 2001 a physics experiment used 2×10⁹ Uranium ions per spill. In order to meet this request the MEVVA ion source provided for the first time in routine operation a high intense Uranium beam. The main purpose for the machine development program during the last two years was the enhancement of the intensity for Uranium beams. Different hardware measures and a huge investigation program in all Unilac-sections resulted in an increase of the uranium intensity by a factor of 7. The paper will focus on the measurements of beam quality, as beam emittance and bunch structure for Megawatt-Uranium beams. Additionally the proposed medium- and long-term hardware measures will be described, which should gain in the required uranium intensity to fill the SIS up to the space charge limit.

TUPLT018	Layout of the Storage Ring Complex of the International Accelerator Facility for Research with Ions and Antiprotons at GSI	plasma, booster, focusing, beamloading	1174
	P. Beller, K. Beckert, A. Dolinskii, B. Franzke, F. Nolden, C. Peschke, M. Steck GSI, Darmstadt
	The storage ring complex of the new international accelerator facility consists of three different rings: the Collector Ring CR, the accumulator/decelerator ring RESR and the New Experimental Storage Ring NESR. The CR will serve for fast stochastic precooling of antiproton and rare isotope (RI) beams. Cooling time constants of about 100 ms for RI beams are envisaged. For experiments with RI beams the RESR serves as a decelerator ring. Precooled RI beams will be injected at 740 MeV/u and then decelerated to variable energies down to 100 MeV/u within about 1 s. The NESR will be the main instrument for nuclear and atomic physics. Besides experiments using an internal gas target, the NESR offers the possibility to collide circulating bunches of ions with electron bunches counter-propagating in a small 500 MeV electron storage ring. The physics program with antiprotons requires the accumulation of high intensity antiproton beams. The accumulation of 7×1010 antiprotons at 3 GeV per hour is foreseen. This will be accomplished by operating the RESR as an accumulator ring equipped with a stochastic cooling system. The NESR could then be used to decelerate antiprotons to 30 MeV.

TUPLT019	Nonlinear Effects Studies for a Large Acceptance Collector Ring	plasma, booster, focusing, beamloading	1177
	A. Dolinskii, K. Beckert, P. Beller, B. Franzke, F. Nolden, M. Steck GSI, Darmstadt
	A large acceptance collector ring (CR) is designed for fast cooling of rare isotope and antiproton beams, which will be used for nuclear physics experiments in the frame of the new international accelerator facility recently proposed at GSI. This contribution describes the linear and non-linear optimisation used to derive a lattice solution with good dynamic behaviour simultaneously meeting the demands for very fast stochastic cooling for two optical modes (for rare isotope and antiproton beams). Effects due to non-linear field contributions of the magnet field in dipoles and quadrupoles are very critical in this ring. Using a single particle dynamics approach, the major magnetic non-linearities of the CR are studied. We discuss the particle dynamics of the dipole and quadrupole fringe fields and the their influence on the dynamic aperture and on the tune. Additionally, the CR will be operated at the transition energy (isochronous mode) for time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometery of short-lived radioactive ions. For this mode a specific correction scheme is required to reach a high degree of isochronism over a large acceptance.

TUPLT020	High Intensity Uranium Operation in SIS18	plasma, focusing, beamloading, antiproton	1180
	P.J. Spiller, K. Blasche, P. Hülsmann, A. Krämer, H. Ramakers, H.R. Sprenger GSI, Darmstadt
	For the present experiment program and the planned international accelerator facility at GSI, the space charge limit of SIS18 for highly(4x1010) and intermediate (2.7x1011) charged uranium ions shall be reached within the next four years. Furthermore, measures to increase the repetition- and ramp rate up to 4 Hz with 10 T/s have been progressed. The present state of intensities per cycle and the limitations will be described. In connection with the planned enhancement of heavy ion intensities, protection, interlock and diagnostic systems, especially for the injection- and extraction devices have been prepared. Special attention is drawn on the insights which were achieved with respect to the operation at dynamic vacuum conditions. Results of R&D work with the goal to increase the intensity threshold and to improve the beam life time will be summarized. Furthermore, the specific upgrade program and schedule for the SIS18 booster mode will be presented.

TUPLT021	Heavy Ion Beam Transport in Plasma Channels	ion, beamloading, antiproton, betatron	1183
	S. Neff, D.H. Hoffmann, R. Knobloch TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt C. Niemann, D. Penache, A. Tauschwitz GSI, Darmstadt S. Yu LBNL, Berkeley, California
	The transport of heavy ion beams in high current discharge channels is a promising option for the final beam transport in a heavy ion fusion reactor. The channel provides space-charge neutralization and an azimuthal magnetic field of several tesla, thereby allowing for transporting high current ion beams. The possibility to heat the hohlraum target with only two ion beams simplifies the reactor design significantly. Therefore channel transport is studied as part of the US fusion reactor study as an alternative to neutralized ballistic focusing. We have created 1 m long discharge channels and studied the channel development and stability. In addition, we have carried out proof-of-principle transport experiments using the UNILAC facility at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung. The experiments demonstrate the feasibility of plasma channel transport. Our transport experiments with low current beams are supplemented by simulations for high current beams. These simulations show the possibility of transporting particle currents of up to 60 kA.

TUPLT063	Laser Temporal Pulse Shaping Experiment For SPARC Photoinjector	ion, beamloading, antiproton, damping	1300
	C. Vicario, A. Ghigo INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) I. Boscolo, C. Vozzi Universita' degli Studi di Milano, MILANO S. Cialdi, A.F. Flacco INFN-Milano, Milano M. Nisoli, G. Sansone, S. Stagira Politecnico/Milano, Milano M. Petrarca INFN-Roma, Roma
	Laser for driving high brightness photoinjector have to produce UV square pulse which is predicted to be the optimum profile for emittance compensation in advanced photoinjectors. The longitudinal laser pulse distribution, according to numerical simulations for the SPARC photoinjector, must be square with rise and fall time shorter than 1 ps and flat top variable up to 10 ps FWHM. In this paper we report the results of pulse shaping obtained using an acousto-optic (AO) programmable dispersive filter (DAZZLER). The DAZZLER was used to perform spectral amplitude and phase modulation of the incoming 100 fs Ti:Sapphire pulses. Because of the finite length of the crystal the maximum duration of the shaped pulse is 6 ps. To overcome this limitation we used a configuration in which the laser pulses passed twice through the AO filter. A dispersive glass section was also used to lengthen the pulse with a single pass in the DAZZLER. In this paper we report the experimental setup, hardware description and time and frequency domain measurements.

TUPLT065	Beams from RF Ovens and ECR Ion Sources	injection, beamloading, antiproton, damping	1303
	M. Cavenago INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova T. Kulevoy, S. Petrenko ITEP, Moscow
	Beam of silver, copper and recently platinum were produced with the radiofrequency oven technique. The ECRIS (Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source) can be conveniently considered as a charge breeder for any injection device; this approach allows to compare the injection of metals from ovens with other techniques discussed in the literature, like the injection from mevva (Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc) sources or the injection of single charged RIB (radioactive ion beams) or the simple injection of heavy gas. Extensive experiments extracting beams of copper (charge up 13+) or silver (charge up to 19+) or xenon (charge up 20+) with the same ECRIS condition are described, and advantage of rf oven over gas injection are discussed; in particular the oven crucible can be easily voltage biased up to -400 V, to modify ECRIS plasma shape. Heating the tantalum crucibles over 2300 K (average temperature) requires careful axial alignment to avoid the formation of hot spots; preliminary evidence of this effect and its numerical modeling are also described.

TUPLT066	Study of a High-current 176 MHz RFQ as a Deuteron Injector for the SPES Project	injection, beamloading, antiproton, damping	1306
	M. Marchetto, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
	The SPES project, aimed at the construction of a RIB facility at LNL, is initially based on the use of a primary proton beam, but it foresees a future development based on the usage of deuterons and light ions. In this article we report about the preliminary study of a 176 MHz RFQ to be used as an injector for such kind of beams. The structure explored foresees a ?four ladder? symmetric resonator, built in brazed copper. In particular beam dynamics, electrodynamics design and preliminary thermo-structural analysis of the cavity is presented.

TUPLT069	Approaching to a Mono-modal Accelerating Cavity based on Photonic Band-gap Concepts	injection, beamloading, antiproton, damping	1309
	M.R. Masullo INFN-Napoli, Napoli A. Andreone, E. Di Gennaro, G. Lamura Naples University Federico II, Napoli F. Francomacaro, M. Panniello, V.G. Vaccaro Naples University Federico II and INFN, Napoli G. Keppel, V. Palmieri, D. Tonini INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
	One of the main problem of high intensity accelerators is the presence of high order modes (HOMs) which might degrade the beam quality. Accelerating cavities require HOMs suppression while keeping high quality factor (Q) fundamental mode. Both these requirements can be hardly met in closed metallic cavities. In low frequency cases and for particular geometries it is possible to partially suppress HOMs, but at high frequencies and for superconducting cavities configuration becomes cumbersome and technically unviable. We propose here a high Q cavity based on Photonic Band Gap (PBG) concepts, operating in the microwave region. The cavity consists of a two-dimensional lattice, where posts (dielectric, metallic or superconducting) are sandwiched by two conducting plates. This sandwich exhibits two kinds of frequency bands: 'pass-bands' and 'stop-bands'. It is possible to localize modes in an equivalent cavity obtained by removing posts. These modes are localized in the 'cavity'. In this way, one can obtain a quasi-mono-modal cavity: high Q fundamental mode and HOMs falling into the pass bands. We will present the study, the optimisation and the measurements of our metallic (Copper) PBG structure working in the 2-20 GHz range. The development of a different cryogenic set-up, necessary to characterise an all superconducting or an hybrid (dielectric/metallic) structure, is under way.

TUPLT070	Study of a Linac Booster for Proton Therapy in the 30-62 MeV Energy Range	injection, linac, beamloading, antiproton	1312
	V.G. Vaccaro, A. D'Elia, M.R. Masullo Naples University Federico II and INFN, Napoli D. Capasso, S. Lanzone Naples University Federico II, Napoli T. Clauser, A. Rainò INFN-Bari, Bari C. De Martinis, D. Giove, M. Mauri INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI) V. Variale Bari University, Science Faculty, Bari
	Recent results in accelerator physics have shown the feasibility of a coupling scheme between a cyclotron and a linac for proton acceleration. Cyclotrons with energies up to 30 MeV, mainly devoted to radioisotopes production, are available in a large number of medical centres. These two evidences have suggested the idea to study and design a linac booster able to increase the initial proton energy up to the values required for the treatment of tumors, like the ocular ones. The main challenge in such a project is related to meet the requirements arising from the beam dynamics with the constrains due both to the mechanical structures and tolerances and to the heat dissipation mechanism chosen in the design. In this paper we will review the rationale of the project and we will discuss the basic design of a compact 3 Ghz linac with a new approach to the cavities used in a SCL (Side Coupled Linac) structure

TUPLT071	A 5 MeV Electron Linac for Radiation Processing	injection, beamloading, antiproton, damping	1315
	A. Trifirò, L. Auditore, R.C. Barnà, D. De Pasquale, A. Italiano, M. Trimarchi INFN - Gruppo Messina, S. Agata, Messina
	In recent years, radiation processing is rapidly growing in various field of industrial treatments and scientific research as a safe, reliable and economic technique. To match the requirements of several applications, a 5 MeV, 1 kW electron linac has been developed at the Dipartimento di Fisica (Università di Messina), in collaboration with the ENEA Accelerators Group (Frascati- Rome). This self- containing standing wave accelerator, driven by a 3 GHz, 2.5 MW Magnetron, has been designed, by means of the SUPERFISH and PARMELA codes, in such a way as to obtain an autofocusing structure, that will be used to develop a transportable system for 'in-situ' industrial radiography and X-ray digital tomography. For this accelerator, compact pulse forming circuits have been properly developed for the magnetron and the cathode, and pulse frequency can be varied ranging from 1 to 300 Hz, thus allowing the study of several applications of radiation processing. Main features of the accelerating structure, as well as beam spot dimensions, surface dose distribution and electron beam energy range will be described.

TUPLT072	Dual Harmonic Acceleration with Broadband MA Cavities in J-PARC RCS	injection, beamloading, antiproton, damping	1318
	M. Yamamoto JAERI, Chiba-ken S. Anami, E. Ezura, K. Hara, Y. Hashimoto, C. Ohmori, A. Takagi, M. Yoshii KEK, Ibaraki M. Nomura, A. Schnase, F. Tamura JAERI/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
	In the J-PARC RCS rf system, since the fundamental rf acceleration voltage and the 2nd higher harmonic one are applied to each cavity, the impedance of hte cavity has a broadband characteristic. The Q-value of the cavity is chosen to make the higher harmonic beam loading effect as small as possible. The analysis of the amplifier and the beam loading effect on the dual harmonic rf system is described.

TUPLT073	Observation of Coupling Resonance in HIMAC Synchrotron	injection, beamloading, antiproton, damping	1321
	T. Uesugi, T. Fujisawa, K. Noda, S. Shibuya, D. Tann, H. Uchiyama NIRS, Chiba-shi Y. Hashimoto KEK, Ibaraki I.N. Meshkov, E. Syresin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
	Coupling resonance was observed at operating points near to Qx-Qy=1. Two-dimensional profile of a beam at its equilibrium was measured, and it was found that the beam was inclined in transverse when the operating point is near to the resonance condition. We will present the detail of the measurement and the results.

TUPLT074	Dark Current Reduction System for SPring-8 Linac	injection, linac, beamloading, antiproton	1324
	T. Kobayashi, T. Asaka, H. Hanaki, M. Shoji, S. Suzuki, K. Tamura JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo
	The SPring-8 linac accelerates dark currents generated by its injector part up to 1 GeV. These dark currents are injected with main beam into the SPring-8 storage ring and then spoil the purity of the stored beam. The dark currents are mainly composed of a grid emission current from a thermionic gun and field emission currents from rf accelerating structures. A beam deflector for kicking only the grid emission by a pulsed electric field was developed and installed in the SPring-8 linac. We observed that the beam deflector greatly reduced the grid emission current accelerated up to 1 GeV. The measured purity of the stored single-bunched beam was about 5x10^-6 when the deflector operated, which was almost 1/100 of the purity without filtering by the deflector. However, the deflector, which is installed before the prebucher, cannot reduced the field emission currents from the buncher cavities and the first acccelerating structure. These dark currents take considerable proportion of the total dark currents observed at the end of the linac. We are trying to spin off the field emission currents by weak magnetic fields across the accelerating structure generated by several coils.

TUPLT075	Improvements of SPring-8 Linac towards Top-up Operation	booster, synchrotron, beamloading, antiproton	1327
	S. Suzuki, T. Asaka, H. Dewa, H. Hanaki, T. Kobayashi, T. Masuda, A. Mizuno, T. Taniuchi, H. Tomizawa, K. Yanagida JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo
	The top-up operation of the SPring-8 storage ring will start in May, 2004. In order to realize alternative injection into the booster synchrotron in the top-up operation and the NewSUBARU, an AC bending magnet replaced the DC bending magnet in the beam transport line to the booster synchrotron. This magnet operates at 1 Hz with a trapezoid current pattern. The 1-GeV electron beam goes at the bottom of the current pattern to the NewSUBARU or at the top of the pattern to the booster synchrotron. In order to obtain the higher reliability of the linac for the top-up operation, reinforcement of the beam monitor systems, further improvement of RF phase stability and upgrade of the control system were required. BPM?s has been newly installed in energy dispersion sections, and beam transport feedback control is in development. The phase variation in the RF system was reduced by the regulation of the gas pressure in the waveguide of the klystrons drive system. We re-engineered the VME systems to maximize availability of the linac operation considering its reliability, usability, expandability and flexibility.

TUPLT076	Optimization of Sextupole Strengths in a Storage Ring for Top-up Operation	sextupole, injection, booster, synchrotron	1330
	H. Tanaka, T. Ohshima, K. Soutome, M. Takao, H. Takebe JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo
	In top-up operation of a light source, electron or positron beams are frequently injected to keep the stored current constant. Closing an injection bump orbit is thus critically important not to disturb precise experiments. However, there are sextupole magnets inside the injection bump in the SPring-8 storage ring and the bump never closes all over the bump amplitude due to the sextupole nonlinearity. To solve the problem, we proposed a scheme based on minimum condition for the injection bump leakage. The scheme only restricts the sextupole strengths within the bump. Introduction of other sextupole families outside the bump can enlarge the dynamic aperture (DA) of the ring with keeping the minimum leakage. To find the best solution, we optimized the sextupole strengths changing the number of sextupole family as a parameter. The simulation shows that addition of two sextupole families sufficiently enlarges DA. Cabling of the sextupole magnets was partly changed in the summer 2003 and the effects of the strength optimization on the bump leakage, injection efficiency and beam lifetime has been investigated experimentally. We present the obtained results compared with the simulations.

TUPLT078	Study of Impedances and Instabilities in J-PARC	sextupole, extraction, injection, booster	1336
	T. Toyama, K. Ohmi KEK, Ibaraki Y. Shobuda JAERI/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
	J-PARC consists of two high intensity proton rings with energies of 3 GeV and 50 GeV. Longitudinal impedances and instabilities, which are caused by beam chamber, cavities, kicker magnets and others, are mainly discussed in this paper.

TUPLT079	Opposite Field Septum Magnet System for the J-PARC 50GeV Ring Injection	septum, sextupole, injection, booster	1339
	I. Sakai, Y. Arakaki, K. Fan, Y. Mori, M. Muto, Y. Saitou, Y. Shirakabe, M. Tomizawa, M. Uota KEK, Ibaraki K. Gotou, Y. Morigaki, A. Nishikawa, M. Takahashi IHI/Yokohama, Kanagawa H. Mori, A. Tokuchi NICHICON, Shiga
	For the injection/extraction system of the high energy high intensity proton synchrotrons, high field wide aperture thin septum magnets are required. To solve these tight problems, new design concept of opposite-field septum magnet system has been invented. The same grade of opposite magnetic field is produced both inside and outside of the septum. The electromagnetic force and leakage flux around the septum conductor are cancelled out each other. The magnetic field of the circulating beam side is compensated by two sub-bending magnets set on the up-stream and down-stream of the opposite fields septum magnet. The beam-separation angle per magnet length is twice as large as normal septum magnet and the two sub-bending magnets also have a role to extend the injection/extraction angle. The newly developed method of the opposite field septum magnets system.is applied to the injection septum magnets for the J-PARC 50-GeV proton synchrotron to get the sufficient injection angle and clearance for low loss injection. The thin septum thickness and larger kick angle at the septum magnet can be obtained by the new system, which is applicable to many accelerators.

TUPLT080	Design of the Beam Transportation Line from the Linac to the 3-GeV RCS for J-PARC	septum, sextupole, booster, linac	1342
	T. Ohkawa JAERI, Ibaraki-ken M. Ikegami KEK, Ibaraki
	L3BT is beam transportation line from the linac to the 3-GeV RCS which is the part of the accelerators for the High-Intensity Proton Accelerator Facility Project, J-PARC. For the requirement of the beam loss minimization, the L3BT does not only connect the linac to the 3GeV RCS, but also modifies the linac beam to the acceptable shape for the 3-GeV RCS. The required beam parameters at the injection point of the RCS are momentum spread < ±0.1% (100%)and transverse emittance < 4pmm.mrad (99%). To achieve these beam qualities, the L3BT should have following functions: momentum compaction, halo scraping and beam diagnostics. In this paper, results of the design and beam simulation of the L3BT are presented.

TUPLT081	Lattice Design of Large Acceptance FFAGs for the PRISM Project	septum, sextupole, booster, linac	1345
	A. Sato Osaka University, Osaka S. Machida KEK, Ibaraki
	In order to realize a super muon beam that combines high-intensity, low-energy, narrow energy-spread and high purity, the PRISM project has been proposed. In this project, a FFAG ring is used as a phase rotator. In this paper, a method of designing the PRISM-FFAG lattice will be described. The PRISM-FFAG has to have both of large transverse acceptance and large momentum acceptance to achieve high intensity. Furthermore, long straight sections to install RF cavities are required to obtain a high surviving ratio of the muon. Therefore, the PRISM-FFAG requires its magnets to have large aperture and small opening angle. In such magnets, not only nonlinear effects but also magnetic fringing field are important to study the beam dynamics of FFAGs. Although using realistic 3D magnetic field maps made with programs such as TOSCA is the best solution to study the FFAG dynamics, it takes long time to make such field maps. On a design process of the PRISM-FFAG, quasi-realistic 3D magnetic field maps, which are calculated applying spline interpolation to POISSON 2D field, were used to study the beam dynamics. A program based on GEANT3.21 was used for particle tracking.

TUPLT128	The Operation Modes of Kharkov X-ray Generator based on Compton Scattering NESTOR	focusing, linac, gun, booster	1428
	A.Y. Zelinsky, E.V. Bulyak, P. Gladkikh, I.M. Karnaukhov, A. Mytsykov, A.A. Shcherbakov NSC/KIPT, Kharkov T.R. Tatchyn SLAC/SSRL, Menlo Park, California
	The results of theoretical and numerical considerations of linear Compton scattering are used to evaluate characteristics of X-rays produced by collision between a low emittance electron beam and intensive laser light in an X-rays generator NESTOR of NSC KIPT. Two main generation modes have been under consideration at preliminary NESTOR design. There are the operation mode for medicine 33.4 keV X-rays production using 43 Mev electron beam and Nd:YAG laser beam and higher energy X-rays production mode providing X-rays with energy up to 900 keV with 225 MeV electron beam and Nd:YAG laser beam. It is supposed to use an optical cavity for laser beam accumulation of about 2.6 m long and an interaction angle of about 30 in both operation modes. A few more operation modes provide possibility to expand operation range of NESTOR. Using interaction angle 100 and 1500 along with optical resonator 42 or 21 cm long and the second mode of laser light it is possible to produce X-rays in energy range from a few keV till 1.5 MeV. The intensity and spectral brightness of the X-rays is expected to be ~ 1013 phot/s and ~ 1013 phot/s/mm2/mrad2/0.01%BW respectively.

WEPLT138	Laser Cooling of Electron Bunches in Compton Storage Rings	sextupole, antiproton, resonance, emittance	2158
	E.V. Bulyak NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
	Self-consistent dynamics of a bunch circulating in the Compton storage ring has been studied analytically. Disturbances from both the synchrotron and Compton radiations were taken into account. The emittances in laser-dominated rings (where the synchrotron energy losses are much smaller then the Compton ones) were evaluated. The resultant emittances (synchrotrons plus Comptons) were compared with the synchrotrons. As were shown, the longitudinal degree of freedom is heated up due to Compton scattering. Almost the same conclusion is valid for the vertical uncoupled betatron emittance. Since it is impossible in principle to get zero dispersion in the banding magnets, the radial emittance almost always cooling down by laser. Therefore in practical cases of coupled transverse oscillations with the horizontal emittance determining the vertical one, the laser will cool down the transverse degrees of freedom.

WEPLT140	New Abilities of Computer Code DeCA	sextupole, antiproton, resonance, emittance	2161
	P. Gladkikh, A.Y. Zelinsky NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
	In the paper the status and new abilities of computer code package DeCA (Design of Cyclic Acclerators) are described. The main effort of the code developers were made to creation of software capable to simulate intrabeam scattering effect and Compton scattering. In addition modules for calculation of the second order dispersion and momentum compaction factor were developed.

WEPLT141	Beam-power Calibration System for Industrial Electron Accelerators	sextupole, antiproton, resonance, emittance	2164
	V.L. Uvarov, S.P. Karasyov, V.I. Nikiforov, R.I. Pomatsalyuk, V.A. Shevchenko, I.N. Shlyakhov, A.Eh. Tenishev NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
	Modern electron accelerators for industrial application provide particle energy of up to 10 MeV and beam power of up to 100 kW. Such a beam is ejected into an air using a scanning system. The measuring channel based on a total-absorption calorimeter of flow-type for a beam calibration with respect to energy flow is designed. The processes of beam interaction with the primary measuring converter (a water-cooled beam absorber of especial geometry) were previously studied using a computer simulation. The metering circuit of the channel is made as a stand-alone module with LCD display and control keypad. It performs the operations of temperature measurement at the input and output of the absorber, as well as a water flow-rate determination. The absorbed power is calculated from measured parameters and then is displayed and stored into channel memory using appropriate software. The process is carried out both in off-line mode and under control of the external PC via a serial interface of RS-232 type.

WEPLT143	Simulation Calculations of Stochastic Cooling for Existing and Planned GSI Facilities	sextupole, resonance, emittance, target	2167
	I. Nesmiyan National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Radiophysical Faculty, Kiev F. Nolden GSI, Darmstadt
	The process of longitudinal stochastic cooling is simulated using a Fokker-Planck model. The model includes the sensitivities of pick-up and kicker electrodes as calculated from field theoretical models. The effect of feedback through the beam is taken into account. Intra beam scattering is treated as an additional diffusive effect. The calculations cover the existing system of the ESR storage ring at GSI as well as the cooling system for secondary heavy ion and antiproton beams at the proposed new accelerator facility. The paper discusses the resulting cooling times. Requirements on the system layout as amplification factors and electrical power can be derived from the simulations.

WEPLT144	New Characteristics of a Single-bunch Instability Observed in the APS Storage Ring	sextupole, resonance, emittance, target	2170
	C.-X. Wang ANL, Argonne, Illinois K. Harkay ANL/APS, Argonne, Illinois
	In the Advanced Photon Source storage ring, a transverse single-bunch instability has long been observed that appears unique to this ring. Many of its features have been previously reported. New results have recently been obtained using beam centroid history measurements and analysis. These preliminary results provide more detailed information regarding the characteristics of this instability and could provide insight into the physics mechanism.

WEPLT145	Beam Loss Studies in High-intensity Heavy-ion Linacs	sextupole, linac, resonance, target	2173
	P.N. Ostroumov, V.N. Aseev, E.S. Lessner, B. Mustapha ANL/Phys, Argonne, Illinois
	A low beam-loss budget is an essential requirement for high-intensity machines and represents one of their major design challenges. In a high-intensity heavy-ion machine, losses are required to be below 1 W/m for hands-on-maintenance. The driver linac of the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) is designed to accelerate beams of any ion to energies from 400 MeV per nucleon for uranium up to 950 MeV for protons with a beam power of up to 400 kW. The high intensity of the heaviest ions is achieved by acceleration of multiple-charge-state beams, which requires a careful beam dynamics optimization to minimize effective emittance growth and beam halo formation. For beam loss simulation purposes, large number of particles must be tracked through the linac. Therefore the computer code TRACK [P.N. Ostroumov and K.W. Shepard, PRST AB 11, 030101 (2001)] has been parallelized and calculations is being performed on the JAZZ cluster [] recently inaugurated at ANL. This paper discusses how this powerful tool is being used for simulations for the RIA project to help decide on the high-performance and cost-effective design of the driver linac. The Jazz Cluster, http://www.lcrc.anl.gov/jazz

WEPLT146	Mismatch Oscillations in High-current Accelerators	sextupole, linac, resonance, target	2176
	O.A. Anderson LBNL, Berkeley, California
	Strong space charge challenges the designers of modern accelerators such as those used in Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion. Simple, accurate design tools are useful for predicting beam behavior, such as phase advances and envelope oscillation periods, given the beam emittance and charge and the lattice parameters. Along with the KV beam model, the smooth approximation [] is often used. It is simple but not very accurate in many cases. Although Struckmieir and Reiser [] showed that the stable envelope oscillations of unbalanced beams could be obtained accurately, they used a hybrid approach where the phase advances σ0 and σ were already known precisely. When starting instead with basic quantities–quadrupole dimensions, field strength, beam line charge and emittance–the smooth approximation formulas give substantial errors (10% or more). We previously described an integration method [*] for matched beams that yields fairly simple third-order formulas for σ0, σ, beam radius and ripple. Here we extend the method to include small-amplitude mismatch oscillations. We derive a simple modification of the smooth approximation formulas and show that it improves the accuracy of the predicted envelope frequencies significantly–for example, by a factor of five when σ0 is 83 degrees. M. Reiser, Particle Accelerators 8, 167 (1978) J. Struckmeier and M. Reiser, Particle Accelerators 14, 227 (1984)* O. A. Anderson, Particle Accelerators 52, 133 (1996)

WEPLT147	Lattice Studies for CIRCE (Coherent InfraRed CEnter) at the ALS	sextupole, linac, resonance, target	2179
	H. Nishimura, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, W. Wan LBNL, Berkeley, California
	CIRCE (Coherent InfraRed Center) at the Advanced Light Source is a proposal for a new electron storage ring optimized for the generation of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the terahertz frequency range. One of the main requirement for this special mode of operation is the capability of the ring of operating at very small momentum compaction values. In this regime, the longitudinal dynamics becomes strongly nonlinear and an accurate control of the higher order energy dependent terms of the momentum compaction is necessary. The lattice for CIRCE allows controlling these terms up to the third order. The paper describes the lattice and presents the calculated performances in terms of momentum acceptance, dynamic aperture, lifetime and momentum compaction tune capabilities.

WEPLT148	Dynamical Map for Combined Function Magnets with Solenoid, Dipole and Quadrupole Fields	sextupole, linac, resonance, target	2182
	A. Wolski, M. Venturini LBNL, Berkeley, California
	The interaction regions of colliders invariably include strong solenoid fields. Where quadrupoles and dipoles are embedded in the solenoid, the beam dynamics in the combined fields can be complicated to model using the traditional approach of interleaving slices of different fields. The complexity increases if the design trajectory is offset from the magnetic axis; this is the case, for example, in PEP-II. In this paper, we present maps for combined solenoid, dipole and quadrupole fields that provide a much simpler alternative to the traditional approach, and show that the deviation of the design trajectory from the magnetic axis can be handled in a straightforward manner. We illustrate the techniques presented by reference to the PEP-II interaction region.

WEPLT149	Image-charge Effects on the Beam Halo Formation and Beam Loss in a Small-aperture Alternating-gradient Focusing System	sextupole, linac, resonance, focusing	2185
	J. Zhou, C. Chen MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts
	The image-charge effects on an intense charged-particle beam propagating through an alternating-gradient focusing channel with a small aperture, circular, perfectly conducting pipe are studied using a test-particle model. For a well-matched elliptical beam with the Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij (KV) distribution, it is found that halo formation and beam loss is induced by nonlinear fields due to image charges on the wall. The halo formation and chaotic particle motion dependent sensitively on the system parameters: filling factor of the quadrupole focusing field, vacuum phase advance, beam perveance, and the ratio of the beam size to the aperture. Furthermore, the percentage of beam loss to the conductor wall is calculated as a function of propagating distance and aperture. The theoretical results are compared with PIC code simulation results.

WEPLT151	Using the PBO LAB(TM) Optimization and Transport Modules to Gain an Improved Understanding of the LLUMC Proton Therapy Beamlines	sextupole, optics, linac, proton	2188
	G.H. Gillespie, O.V. Voronkova G.H. Gillespie Associates, Inc., Del Mar, California G. Coutrakon, J. Hubbard, E. Sanders LLU/MC, Loma Linda, California
	The Particle Beam Optics Laboratory (PBO Lab) has an advanced Optimization Module that works in concert with beam optics codes (also modules in PBO Lab) to solve optimization and fitting problems that are difficult or impossible to address with optics code alone. The PBO Lab Optimization Module has been used in conjunction with the TRANSPORT Module to study the beamlines of the proton therapy center at the Loma Linda University Medical Center (LLUMC). The primary goal of the study was to establish a fast, efficient and reliable procedure for determining the parameters of the beam extracted from the synchrotron accelerator that best fit the extensive wire scanner profile data used to monitor the LLUMC proton therapy beamlines. This paper summarizes how the PBO Lab Optimization Module is applied to this problem and presents selected results from the LLUMC proton therapy beamline study.

WEPLT152	Experimental Results of the Small Isochronous Ring	sextupole, optics, linac, proton	2191
	J.A. Rodriguez, F. Marti, R.C. York NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan E. Pozdeyev Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
	The Small Isochronous Ring (SIR) has been in operation since December 2003. The main purpose of this ring, developed and built at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University (MSU), is to simulate the dynamics of intense beams in large accelerators. To observe the same effects, the beam power needed in SIR is orders of magnitude lower and the time scale is much longer than in the full scale machines. These differences simplify the design and operation of the accelerator. The ring measurements can be used to validate the results of space charge codes. After a variable number of turns, the injected hydrogen bunch (with energies up to 30 keV) is extracted and its longitudinal profile is measured using a fast Faraday cup. We present a summary of the design, the results of the first six months of operation and the comparison with selected space charge codes.

WEPLT153	Multi-pass Beam-breakup: Theory and Calculation	sextupole, optics, proton, resonance	2194
	I. Bazarov Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York G. Hoffstaetter Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
	Multi-pass, multi-bunch beam-breakup (BBU) has been long known to be a potential limiting factor for the current in linac-based recirculating accelerators. New understanding of theoretical and computational aspects of the phenomenon are presented here. We also describe a detailed simulation study of BBU in the proposed 5 GeV Energy Recovery Linac light source at Cornell University which is presented in a separate contribution to this conference.

WEPLT154	UAL Implementation of String Space Charge Formalism	sextupole, optics, proton, resonance	2197
	R.M. Talman Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York N. Malitsky BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	By reformulating the force between point charges as the force on a point charge due to a co-moving line charge (or "string",) space charge calculations can be reformulated as intrabeam scattering, with no intermediate, particle-in-cell step required.[] This approach is expected to be especially useful for calculating emittance dilution of ultrashort bunches in magnetic fields, where coherent radiative effects are important. This paper describes the partial implementation of this approach within UAL (Unified Accelerator Libraries.) The interparticle force is calculated and applied to the dynamics of a bunch represented by just two superparticles in an idealized lattice, with emphasis on the head-tail effect. Gridding of the interparticle force, as needed for realistic multiparticle simulation, is also described. R. Talman, "String Formulation of Space Charge Forces in a Deflected Bunch". Submitted to PRSTAB, January, 2004

WEPLT155	Effect of Dark Currents on the Accelerated Beam in an X-band Linac	sextupole, optics, proton, resonance	2200
	V.A. Dolgashev SLAC/ARDA, Menlo Park, California K.L.F. Bane, G.V. Stupakov, J. Wu SLAC, Menlo Park, California T.O. Raubenheimer SLAC/NLC, Menlo Park, California
	X-band accelerating structures operate at surface gradients up to 120-180 MV/m. At these gradients, electron currents are emitted spontaneously from the structure walls ("dark currents") and generate additional electromagnetic fields inside the structure. We estimate the effect of these fields on the accelerated beam in a linac using two methods: a particle-in-cell simulation code MAGIC and a particle tracking code. We use the Fowler-Nordheim dependence of the emitted current on surface electric field with field enhancement factor beta. In simulations we consider geometries of traveling wave structures that have actually been built for the Next Linear Collider project.

THOALH01	Bunch Length Measurements at the SLS Linac using Electro-optical Techniques	synchrotron, injection, wakefield, electron	253
	A. Winter, M. Tonutti RWTH, Aachen S. Casalbuoni, P. Schmüser, S. Simrock, B. Steffen DESY, Hamburg T. Korhonen, T. Schilcher, V. Schlott, H. Sigg, D. Suetterlin PSI, Villigen
	The temporal profile of the electron bunches in the SLS Linac will be determined by means of electro-optical techniques. A mode locked Ti:Sa Laser with 15 fs pulse width is used for coincidence measurements between the laser pulse and the coherent transition radiation (CTR) generated by short electron bunches. Synchronization accuracy of 100 fs rms between the 3 GHz Linac RF and the 81 MHz repetition rate of the laser was achieved, which is important for the optimum time resolution of the applied electro-optical sampling technique. Likewise, a mode locked Nd:YAG laser with 400 ps long pulses will be used for electro-optical autocorrelation measurements between the CTR and the laser pulses. This alternative technique promises single shot capability and requires much relaxed synchronization stability between laser and electron beam.
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THOALH02	Development of the Non-invasive Beam-size Monitor using ODR	injection, wakefield, beamloading, beamlosses	256
	T. Muto, S. Araki, H. Hayano, V. Karataev, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki R. Hamatsu TMU, Hatioji-shi,Tokyo A. Naumenko, A.P. Potylitsyn Tomsk Polytechnic University, Physical-Technical Department, Tomsk
	The beam-size monitor based on Optical Diffraction Radiation (ODR) has been developed at the KEK-ATF. Because of its non-invasive nature, the ODR monitor might be one candidate to measure the extreme-low emittance electron beam for future LC?s and x-ray free electron lasers. To evaluate the beam-size, the angular distribution of the ODR emitted by the beam when crossing a slit in a metallic foil was measured. In the first trial, we observed interference patterns between ODR and backgrounds which may be the synchrotron radiation from most nearest bending magnet at the ATF extracted line. By the installation of the ceramic mask in front of our target, this interference was vanished. And comparing with the result of ODR measurements, we installed the wire scanner in the same position of our monitor. In this paper, we will present developments of the ODR monitor with some experimental results.
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THOALH03	The Measurements of the Longitudinal Beam Profile on the Preinjector VEPP-5	injection, wakefield, beamloading, beamlosses	259
	S. Gurov, P.A. Bak, P.V. Logatchev, V. Pavlov, E. Pyata BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk D. Chernousov ICKC, Novosibirsk
	For effective work of preinjector VEPP-5 it is necessary 3 ns bunch with charge 1* 1010 electrons from termogun compress to bunch with 40 ps duration on the positron target. A new streak-camera with RF cavity on the main linac frequency is used. Streak-camera with circle scanning allows see 350 ps single light signal with sub-ps resolution. An additional slow scanning can obtain the trochoidal scanning. Thus one can see with picosecond resolution and with less then 1 psec synchronization the train of ten bunches which are spacing by 350psec. The results of worked streak-camera with RF-cavity for circle scanning are presented.
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THOBLH03	BESSY II Operated as a Primary Source Standard	extraction, injection, undulator, wakefield	273
	R. Klein, R. Thornagel, G. Ulm PTB, Berlin
	The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) is the German National Metrology Institute and responsible for the realization and dissemination of the legal units in Germany. For the realization of the radiometric units in the VUV and X-ray spectral range PTB has been using calculable synchrotron radiation of bending magnets from the BESSY I and BESSY II electron storage rings for more than 20 years. The spectral photon flux of synchrotron radiation can be precisely calculated by Schwinger's theory. Therefore, all the storage ring parameters entering the Schwinger equation have to be measured with low uncertainty which requires a stable and reproducible operation of the storage ring. At BESSY II, PTB has installed all equipment necessary to measure the electron energy, the electron beam current, the effective vertical source size and the magnet induction at the radiation source point as well as all geometrical quantities with low uncertainty. The measurement accuracy for these quantities enables PTB to calculate the spectral photon flux from the visible up to the soft X-ray range with relative uncertainties below 0.4 %. We report on the measurement of the storage ring parameters with low uncertainty.
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THPKF001	Status of 3 GeV CANDLE Synchrotron Light Facility Project	extraction, injection, undulator, wakefield	2251
	V.M. Tsakanov, M. Aghasyan, G. Amatuni, V.S. Avagyan, A. Grigoryan, B. Grigoryan, M. Ivanyan, V. Jalalyan, D. Kalantaryan, V.G. Khachatryan, E.M. Laziev, Y.L. Martirosyan, R.H. Mikaelyan, S. Minasyan, K.N. Sanosyan, S. Tatikian, S. Tunyan, A. Vardanyan CANDLE, Yerevan
	CANDLE- Center for the Advancement of Natural Discoveries using Light Emission – is a 3 GeV third generation synchrotron light facility project in Republic of Armenia. The presentation includes the main considerations that underlie the Conceptual Design Report of the project and the progress made after the last EPAC conference. An overview of machine and beam physics study, the prototype and laboratory development is given.

THPKF007	Canadian Light Source Status and Commissioning Results	extraction, undulator, linac, wakefield	2266
	L. Dallin, R. Berg, J.C. Bergstrom, X. Shen, R.M. Silzer, J.M. Vogt, M.S. de Jong CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
	The storage ring for the Canadian Light Source (CLS) was completed in August 2003. By January 2004, after about shifts of commissioning beam currents of up to 25 mA with 0.7 hr lifetimes were achieved. Injection times for 25 mA are about 4 minutes. Commissioning activities include global orbit correction, measurement of machine parameters and beam-based diagnostices. Features of the CLS are a compact lattice (170 m) for a 2.9 GeV storage ring, high performance magnets and a superconducting RF cavity. By July, when beamlines become operational, currents up to 100 mA with 4 hour lifetimes are expected.

THPKF008	Injection System for the Canadian Light Source	injection, extraction, undulator, wakefield	2269
	R.M. Silzer, R. Berg, J.C. Bergstrom, L. Dallin, X. Shen, J.M. Vogt CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
	The full energy injection system for the Canadian Light Source is made up of a 250 MeV linac, a low energy transfer line, a 2.9 GeV booster synchrotron and a high energy transfer line. The system has routinely provided up to 25 mA peak current in a 132 ns pulse train to the CLS storage ring injection point since September 2003. By January, 2004, injection efficiencies up to 10% have been acheived and stored currents up to 25 mA were accumulated in less than 4 minutes. The injection timing system allows a variety of fill patterns. By July, 2004, injection rates of up to 2 mA per second should be possible providing a fill time of under one minute for a 100 mA stored beam.

THPKF009	Orbit Control for the Canadian Light Source	injection, extraction, undulator, wakefield	2272
	R. Berg, L. Dallin, J.M. Vogt CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
	The orbit control system for the Canadian Light Source storage ring is design to provide both static global orbit correction and active correction up to 100 Hz. The system is made up of 48 button monitors (X and Y), 24 fast correcter magnets (X and Y), and 24 slow correction coils in sextupole magnets (X and Y). To date the system has been use to apply static corrections the to CLS storage ring. While some works remains on the horizontal correction, the vertical orbit has been corrected to an RMS value of less tha 0.75 mm. Future corrections may be augmented by some beam-based magnet re-alignment. The orbit correction system is run on a MATLAB(R) operating system. Singular value decompostion (svd) was used extensively to reduce initial gross mis-alignments.

THPKF011	Vibration Measurements at the Swiss Light Source (SLS)	injection, extraction, undulator, wakefield	2275
	S. Redaelli, R.W. Assmann, W. Coosemans CERN, Geneva M. Böge, M. Dehler, L. Rivkin PSI, Villigen
	Vibration measurements have been carried out at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) site as part of a collaboration between the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). The vibration level of the SLS floor and of some lattice elements of the SLS ring have been monitored under various experimental conditions. In particular, vibration spectra of lattice quadrupoles have been measured with a circulating beam and compared with the spectra of transverse beam positions, as measured with beam position monitors. This paper summarizes the results.

THPKF012	Operation of the Swiss Light Source: Top-up for Highest Performance	injection, extraction, undulator, wakefield	2278
	A. Lüdeke PSI, Villigen
	The Swiss Light Source (SLS) is now in its third year of user operation. Right from the beginning Top-up has been the standard mode of operation. Operation at a fixed beam current makes many applications easier to implement and allows to push several systems to higher performance. It enabled us to reach an excellent orbit stability and reproducibility and it made our users less sensitive to shortened beam lifetimes. We succeeded to satisfy the high demands on the availability of the injector system and our flexible timing system allows for a parallel usage of the Linac for experiments during Top-up operation. The impact of Top-up operation on the overall performance of the SLS is documented in this paper.

THPKF040	Development of a Femtosecond Pulse Radiolysis for Reaction Analysis in Nano-space	target, cathode, electron, booster	2362
	Y. Yoshida, T. Kozawa, S. Tagawa, J. Yang ISIR, Osaka
	A new femtosecond pulseradiolysis system was developed in Osaka University for the study of radiation-induced ultrafast physical and chemical reactions in femtosecond time regions. In the pulseradiolysis system, a femtosecond electron beam produced by a photocathode RF gun is used as an irradiation source, while a mode-locked Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser was used as a probe light source. A time jitter between the electron pulse and the femtosecond laser was compensated by a jitter compensation technique used a femtosecond streak camera. An oblique incidence of the probe light is considered in the system to reduce the degradation of velocity difference between the electron and the laser light in samples. A time resolution of <100 fs is expected in the pulse radiolysis system for the analysis of utrafast physical and chemical reactions in nano-space.

THPKF041	SSRF: A 3.5GeV Synchrotron Light Source for China	target, cathode, booster, beamloading	2365
	Z. Zhao, H. Xu SINR, Jiading, Shanghai
	The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is an intermediate energy light source that will be built at Zhang-Jiang Hi-Tech Park in Shanghai. The SSRF consists of a 432 m circumference storage ring with an operating energy of 3.5GeV and a minimum emittace of 2.95 nm-rad, a full energy bosster, a 100MeV electron Linac and dozens of beamlines and experimental stations. The design of the SSRF accelerator complex evolves timely along the technological progress such as top-up injection, mini-gap undulator, superconducting RF system and etc. This paper reports the design progress and status of the SSRF project.

THPKF043	Accelerators Use for Irradiation of Fresh Medicinal Herbs	target, cathode, booster, beamloading	2368
	R.D. Minea, M.M. Brasoveanu, M.R. Nemtanu, C. Oproiu INFLPR, Bucharest - Magurele E. Mazilu, N. Radulescu Hofigal S.A., Bucharest - Magurele
	The paper presents the results regarding the electron beam irradiation of fresh Salvia Officinalis and Calendula Officinalis. Irradiation is already a well-known decontamination method, but it received less attention for medicinal plants, especially on fresh herbs. Microbial load behavior, antioxidant activity, and enzymatic inhibition activity were measured for doses between 1 and 50 kGy. Up to 5 kGy, herbs are decontaminated without any important alteration in the active principles, but they loose their fresh aspect easier than non-irradiated ones. The last effect could be useful for the extracting process in which herbs are stressed anyway.

THPKF044	The Improvement of NSRRC Linac for Top-up Mode Operation	target, cathode, booster, beamloading	2371
	J.-Y. Hwang, J. Chen, J.-P. Chiou, K.-T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, K.H. Hu, T.C. King, C.H. Kuo, K.-K. Lin, C.-J. Wang, Y.-T. Yang NSRRC, Hsinchu C.T. Pan NTHU, Hsinchu
	The performance of the 50 MeV linac at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) was examined and has been improved recently. The major improved items were 1) adopting a command-charging scheme to replace the resonance charging for the linac modulator; and 2) gun electronics. As a result, the beam quality was improved in terms of its energy spectrum and stability. The correlation between the improvement of beam quality and component upgrading is analyzed. The influence of the beam quality improvement to the recently proposed top-up mode operation in 2005 will also be discussed in this report.

THPKF045	Accelerator Physics Issues at NSRRC	target, cathode, booster, beamloading	2374
	C.-C. Kuo, H.-P. Chang, P.J. Chou, K.-T. Hsu, G.-H. Luo, H.-J. Tsai, M.-H. Wang NSRRC, Hsinchu
	Over the past decade, NSRRC has served the synchrotron light users with its 1.5 GeV third-generation storage ring. To provide stable hard x-ray for the x-ray community, two strong-field superconduting wigglers have been installed and three more will be put in such a low energy ring. A superconduting rf cavity is to replace the conventional ones and the beam current will be double too. Top-up injection study is underway. This paper presents the accelerator physics issues at NSRRC such as single particle dynamics and collective effects.

THPKF046	Feasibility Study of Constant Current Operation at TLS Storage Ring	target, cathode, injection, beamloading	2377
	G.-H. Luo, H.-P. Chang, J. Chen, C.-C. Kuo, K.-B. Liu, R.J. Sheu, H.-J. Tsai, M.-H. Wang NSRRC, Hsinchu
	Several top-up experiments were carried out at various upgrade path of Taiwan Light Source. However, there were too many obstacles laid ahead of various stages to prevent the realization of top-up injection routinely. The small gap undulators, the requirement of small emittance operation and high current operation by SC cavity have promoted the top-up injection project to hightest priority. During last one and half years, a series of beam parameters measurement, subsystem checkout, installing various sensors, control program modification and hardware upgrade made the top-up injection more likely in routine operation. Discussions on the results of some measurements of booster and storage ring, the requirement of hardware upgrade and the future executable plan will be presented in this paper.

THPKF050	Electron Accelerator for Energy up to 5.0 MeV and Beam Power up to 50 KW with X-ray Converter	target, electron, cathode, injection	2380
	V. Auslender, A.A. Bryazgin, B.L. Faktorovich, E.N. Kokin, I. Makarov, S.A. Maximov, V.E. Nekhaev, A.D. Panfilov, V.M. Radchenko, M.A. Tiunov, V.O. Tkachenko, A.F.A. Tuvik, L.A. Voronin BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	In recent time the new powerful industrial electron accelerators appear on market. It caused the increased interest to radiation technologies using high energy X-rays due to their high penetration ability. One of the promising directions is the creation of the irradiation installations for treatment of wide variety of food products. The report describes the industrial electron accelerator ILU-10 for electron energy up to 5 MeV and beam power up to 50 kW specially designed for use in industrial applications. The ILU-10 accelerator generates the vertical electron beam. The beam line turns the beam through an angle of 90 degrees and transports the beam to the vertically posed X-ray converter to generate the horizontal beam of X-rays. In the work presented results of measurements of the dose distribution profiles on the surface of treated products.

THPKF051	The Status-2004 of the KURCHATOV Center of SR	target, cathode, beamloading, beamlosses	2383
	V. Korchuganov, V. Korchuganov, Y.V. Krylov, V.V. Kvardakov, D.G. Odintsov, V. Ushkov, A.G. Valentinov, Y.L. Yupinov, S.I. Zheludeva RRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow M.V. Kovalchuk RAS/A.V.Shubnikov, Moscow
	Kurchatov Synchrotron Radiation Source (KCSR) began the work as a first dedicated synchrotron radiation facility in Russia in 1999. The facility includes two storage rings: 450 MeV SIBERIA-1 and 2.5 GeV SIBERIA-2 and is intended for experiments in the range of SR from VUV up to hard X-ray. Large progress was achieved in increasing SIBERIA-2 stored current during last year. Now maximum current at injection energy is more than 220 mA and it equals to 140 mA at operation energy. The SR dose is rising fast and the life time is also grown because of the outgassing of vacuum chamber by SR. Consequently, after the only one electrons accumulation the work during 24 hours on experimental stations becomes possible with SR beams unbroken. Eight experimental stations with SR beam lines and hutches were mounted and are now in routine operation with SR from bending magnets in experimental hall of Siberia-2. We are installing next beam lines there. SIBERIA-1 also has experimental hall with three beam lines and three experimental stations being in operation. The report describes the current work and the plans on the storage rings. It informs about achieved consumer parameters of an electron beam and status of SR stations.

THPKF052	The Project of Accelerator Mass-Spectrometer at BINP	target, cathode, beamloading, beamlosses	2386
	M. Petrichenkov, N. Alinovsky, V. Klyuev, E. Konstantinov, S.G. Konstantinov, A. Kozhemyakin, A. Kryuchkov, V.V. Parkhomchuk, A. Popov, S. Rastigeev, V.B. Reva, B. Sukhina BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	The project of creation of first Russian accelerator mass-spectrometer at BINP is described. The scheme of spectrometer includes two types of ion sources (sputter and gaseous ones), low energy beam line with analysers, electrostatic tandem accelerator with accelerating voltage up to 2 MV and magnesium vapours stripper and also includes the high energy beam line with analysers. The results of first experiments with ion sources are given also.

THPKF056	The MAX IV Facility	target, cathode, beamloading, beamlosses	2389
	M. Eriksson, Å. Andersson, M. Bergqvist, M. Brandin, M. Demirkan, G. Georgsson, G. LeBlanc, L.-J. Lindgren, L. Malmgren, H. Tarawneh, E.J. Wallén, S. Werin MAX-lab, Lund B. Anderberg AMACC, Uppsala S. Biedron, S.V. Milton ANL, Argonne, Illinois
	The MAX IV facility is a planned successor of the existing MAX facility. The planned facilty is described below. It consists of two new synchrotron storage rings operated at different electron energies to cover a broad spectral region and one linac injector. The linac injector is also meant to be operated as a FEL electron source. The two rings have similar low emittance lattices and are placed on top of each other to save space. A third UV light source, MAX III, is planned to be transfered to the new facility.

THPKF058	Experimental Experience with a Thermionic RF-gun	target, cathode, gun, beamlosses	2391
	S. Werin, Å. Andersson, M. Bergqvist, M. Brandin, L. Malmgren, S. Werin MAX-lab, Lund G. Georgsson Danfysik A/S, Jyllinge
	An RF-gun structure developed at MAX-lab, and thus different from the most common BNL-structure, is in operation as a thermionic RF-gun at MAX-lab. The properties of the gun have been investigated. Especially aspects such as extractable energy range, emittance properties at various beamloading conditions and extracted current.

THPKF059	Adaption of an RF-gun from Thermionic to Photo Cathode	target, gun, beamlosses, linac	2394
	S. Werin, M. Berglund, M. Brandin, T. Hansen MAX-lab, Lund
	The current electron source for the injector at MAX-lab is a thermionic RF-gun. This gun produces a several ns long pulse with a significant beamloading. To allow for ?few bucket? operation and emittance reduction the gun will be adapted for operation with a ns laser system. The system to be installed during the spring 2004 is a 3 or 4th harmonic injection seeded Nd:YAG laser. The thermionic BaO cathode already in use will be used at a temperature just below thermal emission where a quantum efficiency of around 1* 10^-4 is expected.

THPKF060	Singapore Synchrotron Light Source– Helios 2 and Beyond	target, gun, beamlosses, brilliance	2397
	H.O. Moser, B.D.F. Casse, E.P. Chew, M. Cholewa, C. Diao, S.X.D. Ding, M. Hua, J.R. Kong, Z. Li, S.bin. Mahmood, M.L. Ng, B.T. Saw, S.V.S. Vidyaraj, O. Wilhelmi, J.H.W. Wong, P. Yang, X.J. Yu SSLS, Singapore
	SSLS is operating a superconducting 700 MeV electron storage ring to produce synchrotron radiation over a useful spectral range from 10 keV to the far infrared for micro/nanofabrication, phase contrast imaging, surface and nano science with soft X-rays, and hard X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy. An Infrared spectro/microscopy beamline is under construction. Latest results from all beamlines will be presented. SSLS is also working on a conceptual study of a Linac Undulator Light Installation (LIULI) that includes a superconducting miniundulator. Pursuing earlier work* a prototype built by ACCEL is being tested at SSLS and will later serve for FEL studies in cooperation with SSRF at Shanghai. * A. Geisler, A. Hobl, D. Krischel, H.O. Moser, R. Rossmanith, M. Schillo, First Field Measurements and Performance Tests of a Superconductive Undulator for Light Sources with a Period Length of 14 mm, ASC Conference, Houston, TX, August 2002

THPKF061	RT-office for Electron Beam, X-ray, and Gamma-ray Dosimetry	target, radiation, gun, beamlosses	2400
	G.F. Popov, V.T. Lazurik, V.M. Lazurik, Y.V. Rogov KhNU, Kharkov
	An absorbed dose of electron beam (EB),X-ray (bremsstrahlung), and gamma-ray within the irradiated product is one of the most important characteristic for all industrial radiation-technological processes. The conception for design of the Radiation-Technological Office (RT-Office) - software tools for EB, X-ray, and gamma-ray dosimetry for industrial radiation technologies was developed by authors. RT-Office realize computer technologies at all basic stages of works execution on the RTL using irradiators of EB, X-ray, and gamma-ray in the energy range from 0.1 to 25 MeV. The specialized programs for simulation of EB, X-ray, and gamma-ray processing and for decision of special tasks in dosimetry of various radiation technologies were designed on basis of the RT-Office modules. The use of the developed programs as predictive tools for EB,X-ray, and gamma-ray dose mapping, for optimization of regimes irradiation to receive minimum for dose uniformity ratio, for reducing the volume of routine dosimetry measurements of an absorbed dose within materials at realization of the radiation-technological processes are discussed in the paper.

THPKF062	Comparison of Dose Distribution Prediction in Targets Irradiated by Electron Beams with Dosimetry	target, gun, simulation, beamlosses	2403
	G.F. Popov, V.T. Lazurik, V.M. Lazurik, Y.V. Rogov KhNU, Kharkov I. Kalushka, Z. Zimek Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw
	The features of the absorbed depth-dose distribution (DDD) on boundaries of two contacting materials and material with air irradiated with an electron beam (EB) were predicted by simulation with the software ModeRTL (Modeling of the radiation-technological lines (RTL)). Validation of DDD prediction with dosimetry was fulfilled on the industrial RTL with linear electron accelerator LAE 13/9 at the INCT, Warsaw. Simulation and measurement of boundary effects of DDD were carried out for targets irradiated by scanning EB with energy 10 MeV on moving conveyer. The irradiated materials were represented as parallelepipeds with all sizes greater than range of electrons in material. Cellulose Triacetate (CTA) dosimetric film (FTR-125) in form of strips inserted between materials and air in parallel with an axis of EB was used for dosimetry. Such irradiation setup allows to receive the complete curve of DDD on the boundary of contacting materials by one dosimetric film. The physical regularities for DDD on the boundary of contacting materials predicted by simulation methods were experimentally confirmed. Investigation of those anomalies is necessary in practice to estimate the quality of an irradiation performed on RTL at realization of various industrial EB processing.

THPKF077	A Fiber Optic Synchronization System for LUX	radiation, linac, simulation, insertion	2442
	R.B. Wilcox, L.R. Doolittle, J.W. Staples LBNL, Berkeley, California
	The proposed LUX femtotsecond light source will support pump-probe experiments that will need to synchronize laser light pulses with electron-beam-generated X-ray pulses to less than 50fs at the experimenter endstations. To synchronize multiple endstation lasers with the X-ray pulse, we are developing a fiber-distributed optical timing network. A high stability clock signal from a modelocked laser is distributed via fiber to RF cavities (controlling X-ray probe pulse timing) and modelocked lasers at endstations (controlling pump pulse timing). The superconducting cavities are actively locked to the optical clock phase. Most of the RF timing error is contained within a 10kHz bandwidth, so these errors and any others affecting X-ray pulse timing (such as RF gun phase) can be detected and transmitted digitally to correct laser timing at the endstations. The lasers? timing jitter is limited to low frequency, and thus they will follow the controls (clock plus error correction) without adding much wideband error. Time delay through the fibers will be stabilized by comparing a retroreflected pulse from the experimenter endstation end with a reference pulse from the sending end, and actively controlling the fiber length. Numerical simulations and initial synchronization experimental results will be presented.

THPKF078	Coherent Infrared Radiation from the ALS Generated via Femtosecond Laser Modulation of the Electron Beam	electron, linac, simulation, insertion	2445
	A. Zholents, J.M. Byrd, Z. Hao, M.C. Martin, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, R.W. Schoenlein, M. Venturini, M.S. Zolotorev LBNL, Berkeley, California
	Interaction of an electron beam with a femtosecond laser pulse co-propagating through a wiggler at the ALS produces significant modulation of the electron energies within a short ~100 fs slice of the electron bunch. Subsequent propagation of the energy-modulated bunch around the storage ring results in an appearance of a local temporal modulation of the electron density (micro-bunching) due to the dispersion of electron trajectories. The temporal width of this perturbation evolves as the electron bunch propagates around the ring. The shortest modulation, ~50 microns, appears in the ALS sector immediately following the wiggler magnet, and stretches to ~ 500 microns following propagation over 2/3 of a storage ring orbit. The modulated electron bunch emits single-cycle pulses of temporally and spatially coherent infrared light which are automatically synchronized to the laser pulses. The intensity and spectra of the infrared light were measured in two locations in the ring indicated above and were found to be in good agreement with analytical calculations. Ultra-short pulses of coherent infrared radiation are presently used for a fine tuning the laser ? electron beam interaction for generating femtosecond x-ray pulses.

THPKF082	The Completion of SPEAR 3	electron, linac, simulation, insertion	2448
	R.O. Hettel, R. Akre, S. Allison, P. Bellomo, R.F. Boyce, L. Cadapan, R. Cassel, B. Choi, W.J. Corbett, D. Dell'Orco, T. Elioff, I. Evans, R. Fuller, S. Hill, D. Keeley, N. Kurita, J. Langton, G. Leyh, C. Limborg-Deprey, D. Macnair, D.J. Martin, P.A. McIntosh, E. Medvedko, C.-K. Ng, I. Nzeadibe, J. Olsen, M. Ortega, G.C. Pappas, S. Park, T. Rabedeau, H. Rarback, A. Ringwall, P. Rodriguez, J.A. Safranek, H.D. Schwarz, B. Scott, J.J. Sebek, S. Smith, T. Straumann, J. Tanabe, A. Terebilo, T.A. Trautwein, C. Wermelskirchen, M. Widmeyer, R. Yotam, K. Zuo SLAC/SSRL, Menlo Park, California
	On December 15, 2003, 8 1/2 months after the last electrons circulated in the old SPEAR2 storage ring and 5 days after the beginning of commissioning, the first electrons were accumulated in the completely new SPEAR3 ring. The rapid installation and commissioning is a testimony to the SPEAR3 project staff and collaborators who have built an excellent machine and equipped it with powerful and accessible machine modeling and control programs. The final year of component fabrication, system implementation and testing, the 7-month installation period leading up to the beginning of commissioning, and lessons learned are described.

THPKF084	Emerging Concepts, Technologies and Opportunities for Mezzo-scale Terahertz and Infrared Facilities	electron, radiation, linac, simulation	2451
	S. Chattopadhyay, S.T. Corneliussen, G.P. Williams Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
	Recent advances in particle beam, laser and radiofrequency technologies, combined with innovative concepts and techniques such as energy recovery, coherent synchrotron radiation-induced bunching, laser-particle beam scattering, ultrashort pulse slicing, cw high current and brightness phtoinjectors, ultrafast laser switching and compact engineered end products have opened up new opportunities and vistas in terahertz/infrared radiation sources not available before. Such sources would complement the high energy short wavelength x-ray sources in that they will allow us to probe collective processes and their ?function? in complex systems and materials, in a fashion complementary to probing structure via x-rays. We will outline and give examples of both the scientific reach of such radiation sources as well as examples of a few conceived facilities and techniques worldwide spanning a diversity of spectral, coherence, brightness and application ranges in the long wavelength. Such facilities fall in the category of mezzo-scale facilities, bracketed by table top lasers on one hand and large scale synchrotron radiation sources on the other and offer very unique and directed advances in a few key areas in life, materials, imaging, instrumentation and communication sciences.

THPKF088	NSLS II: A Future Source for the NSLS	radiation, linac, simulation, insertion	2454
	J.B. Murphy, J. Bengtsson, L. Berman, R. Biscardi, A. Blednykh, G.L. Carr, W.R. Casey, S.B. Dierker, E. Haas, R. Heese, S. Hulbert, E. Johnson, C.C. Kao, S.L. Kramer, S. Krinsky, I.P. Pinayev, R. Pindak, S. Pjerov, B. Podobedov, G. Rakowsky, J. Rose, T.V. Shaftan, B. Sheehy, D.P. Siddons, J. Skaritka, N. Towne, J.-M. Wang, X.J. Wang, L.-H. Yu BNL/NSLS, Upton, Long Island, New York
	The National Synchrotron Light Source at BNL was the first dedicated light source facility and has now operated for more than 20 years. During this time, the user community has grown to more than 2400 users annually. To insure that this vibrant user community has access to the highest quality photon beams, the NSLS is pursuing the design of a new ultrahigh brightness (~ 1E21) electron storage ring, tailored to the 0.3-20 keV photon energy range. We present our preliminary design and review the critical accelerator physics design issues.

THPLT003	Vibrating Wire Scanner Parameters Optimization	radiation, linac, simulation, insertion	2457
	S.G. Arutunian, K.G. Bakshetyan, N.M. Dobrovolski, M.R. Mailian, V.A. Oganessian, H.E. Soghoyan, I.E. Vasiniuk YerPhI, Yerevan K. Wittenburg DESY, Hamburg
	The idea to use the metallic vibrating wire as a scanner of particles beams was experimentally confirmed [1, 2] and showed unprecedented sensibility and a huge dynamic rage of the output signal. In this work the response time of the system is estimated on the base of the dynamic model of heat transfer through the wire. A comparison of different materials of the wire is presented and the most suitable materials for different tasks are suggested. The dielectric materials are considered as possible materials of the wire, use of which allows to eliminate the electromagnetic induction from high current beams during the scanning of beam halo. The results of scanning of the iron ion beam of the mass spectrometer are presented. 1. Arutunian S.G., Avetisyan A.E., Dobrovolski N.M., Mailian M.R., Vasiniuk I.E, Wittenburg K., Reetz R., Problems of Installation of Vibrating Wire Scanners into Accelerator Vacuum Chamber. - Proc. 8-th Europ. Part. Accel. Conf. (3-7 June 2002, Paris, France), pp. 1837-1839. 2. Arutunian S.G., Dobrovolski N.M., Mailian M.R., Vasiniuk I.E., Vibrating wire scanner: first experimental results on the injector beam of Yerevan synchrotron.- Phys. Rev. Special Topics. - Accelerators and Beams, 2003, v. 6, 042801.

THPLT004	Toroidal Cavity Loaded with an Electron Beam	linac, simulation, insertion, target	2460
	E.D. Gazazyan, T. Harutyunyan, D. Kalantaryan YSU, Yerevan V. Kocharyan DESY, Hamburg
	Three problems have been considered in this paper: the development of Maxwell's equations strict solution method to define the electromagnetic own values and own functions of the toroidal cavity; the radiation of the charged bunch rotating along the average radius, and, at last, the consideration of the case of a toroid filled with dielectric medium. The peculiarities of this radiation have been investigated as well. We suppose to consider the case when toroid is filled with plasma like a disperse medium.

THPLT005	Ultra-high Frequency Scanning Cavities for Non-relativistic Electron Beam	linac, simulation, insertion, target	2463
	G.G. Oksuzyan, E.D. Gazazyan, A.T. Margaryan, A.D. Ter-Poghosyan YerPhI, Yerevan M. Ivanyan CANDLE, Yerevan
	The different scanning schemes based on the RF cavities for non-relativistic electron beam are examined. Optimization criteria for various types of cavities were developed. A complete picture of the beamscanning at a given point of interest is obtained.

THPLT006	A Comparison of COSY DA Maps with Analytic Formulae for Orbit Functions of a Non-scaling FFAG Accelerator	linac, simulation, insertion, target	2466
	S.R. Koscielniak TRIUMF, Vancouver
	Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) magnetic lattices with fixed, possibly high, radio-frequency proposed for muon acceleration have unusual requirements: relative momentum swing dp/p of ± 30% and relative spread of revolution frequencies < 10^-3. It is not evident whether the existing accelerator optical design codes are sufficiently accurate for such a large momentum range. Analytic expressions for orbit displacements, tunes and path length have been derived for thick-element models of doublet, F0D0 and FDF triplet lattices; it is this paper's purpose to compare these with values computed by SYNCH and COSY, and truncated Taylor maps constructed by Lie algebra. The mutual agreement of results from independent sources will serve to validate them all. A mathematical necessity is that one at least of the magnets be of the combined-function type, and with entrance and exit faces disposed in a sector layout. It is sufficient to consider the triplet case because in the limit that the two F quadrupoles are combined, the cell reduces to the simpler F0D0. We use as our example a "nonscaling" FFAG ring proposed for accelerations of muons over the momentum range 10^-20 GeV/c.

THPLT007	New Beam Profile Monitor Based on GEM Detector for the AD Transfer and Experimental Lines	antiproton, linac, simulation, insertion	2469
	J. Bosser, K. Gnanvo, J. Spanggaard, G. Tranquille CERN, Geneva
	Many multi-wire proportional chambers, (MWPC's), are installed on the CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD) transfer and experimental lines. They are used for the steering and profile measurement of the low energy antiproton beam that is extracted at the energy of 5.3 MeV from the AD machine. At this very low energy, the standard MWPC's are not only destructive for the beam but also perturb strongly the 2D profile measurement. These chambers are also based on technology that is outdated and in recent years have shown to be fragile and expensive to repair. For these reasons a new, low cost profile monitor, based on a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector is under development as a possible replacement of the MWPC's. This new profile monitor will enable high precision, true 2D profile measurements of the low energy antiproton beam. In this paper, we present the modification of the standard GEM detector required by our specific application and the first results of the profile monitor with antiproton beams.

THPLT008	A Beam Condition Monitor for the Experimental Areas of the LHC	antiproton, linac, simulation, insertion	2472
	L. Fernandez-Hernando, L. Fernandez-Hernando, C. Ilgner, A. Oh, H. Pernegger CERN, Geneva A. Macpherson PSI, Villigen T. Pritchard CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon R. Stone Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
	The CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will store 2808 bunches per colliding beam, with each bunch consisting of 1·10¹¹ protons at an energy of 7 TeV. If there is a failure in an element of the accelerator, the resulting beam losses could cause damage not only to the machine but also to the experiments. A Beam Condition Monitor (BCM) is foreseen to monitor fast increments of fluence rate near the interaction point and, if necessary, to generate an abort signal to the LHC accelerator control to dump the beams. The system is being developed initially for the CMS experiment, but is sufficiently general to find potential applications elsewhere. Due to its high radiation hardness, CVD diamond was chosen for investigation as the BCM sensor. Various samples of CVD diamond have been characterised extensively with both a Sr-90 source and in a high intensity testbeam in order to assess the capabilities of such sensors and to study whether this detector technology is suitable for a BCM system. A selection of results from these investigations is presented.

THPLT009	Comparative Transverse Distribution Measurements between the New SPS Rest Gas Ionisation Monitor and the Wire Scanner Monitors.	antiproton, linac, simulation, insertion	2475
	C. Fischer, B. Dehning, J. Koopman, D. Kramer, F. Roncarolo CERN, Geneva
	During the past two years, a new Ionization Profile Monitor was installed and tested in the CERN SPS. In parallel modifications were made on various wire scanner monitors. The aim is to develop instruments performing reliable measurements of transverse beam distributions in the SPS and in the LHC, in order to control the stringent emittance preservation requirements. Measurements made with the two types of monitors were performed under various conditions of LHC type beams, ranging from a pilot bunch up to beams having in the SPS nominal distributions in bunch number, intensity and energy for injection into the LHC. The data provided by the two types of instruments are compared. In the case of discrepancies, an analysis of the possible reasons is made. The cures implemented and the improvements foreseen are discussed.

THPLT010	Limiting High Frequency Longitudinal Impedance of an Inductive Pick-up by a Thin Metallic Layer	antiproton, simulation, insertion, target	2478
	M. Gasior CERN, Geneva
	An Inductive Pick-Up (IPU) was developed to measure the position and current of an electron beam of the CTF3 Drive Beam Linac. The pick-up construction is similar to a wall current monitor, but the pick-up inner wall is divided into 8 electrodes, each of which forms the primary winding of a toroidal transformer. The beam image current component flowing along each electrode is transformed to a secondary winding, connected to an output. The continuity of the vacuum chamber is taken care of by a ceramic insertion surrounded by the electrodes. The insertion is titanium coated on the inside and the end-to-end resistance of the layer is chosen in such a way that within the IPU bandwidth the image current flows over the electrodes. For higher frequencies the current is conducted by the coating to limit the longitudinal impedance of the device in the GHz range. This paper describes a simple electric network model, which was used to simulate the influence of the coating and to optimize its resistance. The model is built from sections of ideal transmission lines and resistors and is suitable for SPICE simulations. Results of measurements and simulations are compared.

THPLT011	Longitudinal Loss Distribution along the LHC	antiproton, simulation, target, lattice	2481
	E.B. Holzer, B. Dehning CERN, Geneva
	For the design and calibration of the LHC beam loss monitoring system it is essential to have good predictions of the expected longitudinal loss distributions. For this purpose a complete and detailed aperture model of one LHC sector was compiled and included with the tracking code MAD. The positions of all beam pipe bellows are included in the model as well. Therefore, it allows investigating the loss pattern due to misalignment effects, in addition to steady beam losses (beam halo, beam-beam and beam-rest gas interactions) and orbit errors. Loss maps of halo particles originating from the betatron cleaning insertion have been created for proton and ion beams. The distribution of particle losses along the beam pipe is folded with the result of GEANT simulations of the shower development through the magnets and cold masses. They link the loss of a beam particle on the aperture to particle fluencies outside of the cryostats, where the beam loss monitors will be installed. These simulations determine the positioning of the loss monitors, the longitudinal distance one detector has to cover to achieve the required resolution as well as all calibration factors for the individual detectors. The model also serves to identify hot spots, which can limit the performance of the LHC.

THPLT012	Design of the Beam Loss Monitoring System for the LHC Ring	antiproton, simulation, target, lattice	2484
	E.B. Holzer, B. Dehning, E. Effinger, G. Ferioli, J.L. Gonzalez, E. Gschwendtner, G. Guaglio, M. Hodgson, V. Prieto, C. Zamantzas CERN, Geneva
	The beam loss monitoring (BLM) system of the LHC is one of the most critical elements for the protection of the LHC. It must prevent the super conducting magnets from quenches and the machine components from damages, caused by beam losses. It helps in the identification of the loss mechanism by measuring the loss pattern. Special detectors will be used for the setup and control of the collimators. Furthermore, it will be an important tool during machine setup and studies. The specification requirements of the BLM system include a very high reliability

THPLT013	Simulation of Multi-bunch Multi-turn Instabilities in High Energy Proton Rings: Algorithms and Results	antiproton, target, lattice, undulator	2487
	A. Koschik CERN, Geneva
	A simulation code to study collective effects in multi-bunch proton machines has been developed and applied to the CERN SPS and LHC. The 3D simulation program allows the exploration of long-range effects due to resistive-wall and HOMs in circular, elliptic and rectangular vacuum chambers also for uneven filling schemes. The code has been benchmarked with measurements in the SPS. Results obtained for LHC, including beam stability and emittance growth, are presented and discussed.

THPLT014	Coupler Structures for the LHC Beam-pipe Waveguide Mode Reflectometer	antiproton, target, lattice, undulator	2490
	T. Kroyer TU Vienna, Vienna F. Caspers CERN, Geneva
	The LHC reflectometer will be used to detect and localize obstacles and other kinds of discontinuities in the LHC beam screen. An important part of this device is the RF coupler element, which provides the interface between the circular beam screen and the measurement equipment. Two different scenarios of operation are considered. The first option consists in carrying out measurements during assembly by directly branching a coupler to the end of the beam screen. The other one is a permanent installation to be used in situ requiring a different kind of coupler to keep the aperture free. The goal is to achieve a reasonably well-matched spurious mode-free excitation over a 25% bandwidth for the TM01 and the T·10¹¹ mode, respectively. The fulfillment of the required features is severely complicated by space and material restrictions arising mainly from vacuum and installation constraints.

THPLT015	Accuracy of Profile Monitors and LHC Emittance Measurements	antiproton, target, lattice, undulator	2493
	F. Roncarolo, G. Arduini, B. Dehning, G. Ferioli, J. Koopman, D. Kramer CERN, Geneva
	The monitoring and controlling of the beam transverse emittance is essential to allow high luminosity performances in a collider operation. The profile monitors in the LHC injection chain are exploited to determine their precision. A fit strategy was developed to reduce the fitting procedure error and make it negligible compared to instrumentation errors. The method proved to be robust against non-Gaussian tails and can estimate the fraction of non-Gaussian distributed beam intensity. The procedure was applied to the 2003 SPS Wire Scanner measurements with different kind of LHC type beams. The reproducibility of the six available monitors was determined by choosing one as a reference and making synchronized measurements. Several instrumental errors were discovered and corrected to the one per cent level. The demanding small LHC transverse emittances were determined under different beam conditions in terms of intensity, bunch spacing and length in the PS Booster, PS and SPS.

THPLT016	LHC Orbit Feedback Tests at the SPS	feedback, antiproton, target, lattice	2496
	J. Wenninger, J. Andersson, L.K. Jensen, R.O. Jones, M. Lamont, R. Steinhagen CERN, Geneva
	The real-time orbit feedback system foreseen for the LHC will be an essential component for reliable and safe machine operation. A test setup including a number of beam position monitors equipped with the LHC acquisition and readout system have been installed in the SPS ring to perform prototyping work on such an orbit feedback. A closed loop digital feedback was implemented and tested with LHC beams on the SPS during the 2003 machine run. The feedback loop was tested successfully at up to 100 Hz. The performance of the feedback loop and of its constituents will be described.

THPLT017	Review and Comparison of Simulation Codes Modeling Electron-Cloud Build Up and Instabilities	feedback, antiproton, target, lattice	2499
	F. Zimmermann, E. Benedetto, F. Ruggiero, D. Schulte CERN, Geneva G. Bellodi CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon M. Blaskiewicz, L. Wang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York Y. Cai, M.T.F. Pivi SLAC, Menlo Park, California V.K. Decyk, W. Mori UCLA, Los Angeles, California M.A. Furman LBNL/AFR, Berkeley, California A.F. Ghalam, T. Katsouleas USC, Los Angeles, California K. Ohmi, S.S. Win KEK, Ibaraki G. Rumolo GSI, Darmstadt
	Several computer codes written at various laboratories are employed for modelling the generation and the consequences of an electron cloud. We review the most popular of these programs, which simulate either the build of an electron cloud or the instabilities it produces, and we compare simulation results for identical, or similar, input parameters obtained from the various codes.

THPLT026	Beam Profile Measurements at PETRA with the Laserwire Compton Scattering Monitor	antiproton, positron, gun, target	2526
	T. Kamps BESSY GmbH, Berlin K. Balewski, H.-C. Lewin, S. Schreiber, K. Wittenburg DESY, Hamburg G.A. Blair, G. Boorman, J. Carter, F. Poirier Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey S.T. Boogert UCL, London T. Lefevre CERN, Geneva
	The vertical beam profile at the PETRA positron storage ring has been measured using a laserwire scanner. A laserwire monitor is a device which can measure high brilliant beam profiles by scanning a finely focused laser beam non-invasively across the charged particle beam. Evaluation of the Compton scattered photon flux as a function of the laser beam position yields the transverse beam profile. The aim of the experiment at PETRA is to obtain the profile of the positron beam at several GeV energy and several nC bunch charge. Key elements of laserwire systems are currently being studied and are described in this paper such as laser beam optics, a fast scanning system and a photon calorimeter. Results are presented from positron beam profile scans using orbit bumps and a fast scanning scheme.

THPLT064	Enhancement of Laser Power from a Mode Lock Laser with an Optical Cavity	vacuum, antiproton, gun, emittance	2634
	M. Nomura, K. Hirano, M. Takano NIRS, Chiba-shi S. Araki, Y. Higashi, T. Taniguchi, J. Urakawa, Y. Yamazaki KEK, Ibaraki Y. Honda, N. Sasao, K. Takezawa Kyoto University, Kyoto H. Sakai ISSP/SRL, Chiba
	We have developed a laser-wire beam monitor to measure a beam profile in the KEK/ATF damping ring. This monitor is based on the inverse Compton scattering with a thin wire of the laser. The laser-wire is produced with a Fabry-Perot optical cavity in which laser power from a CW laser is stored and enhanced up to 1000 times. We have a plan to increase a gamma ray flux by using a pulsed laser instead of the CW laser. There are many applications for such a high flux gamma ray, e.g. medical use, transmutation and so on. We have done a test experiment of laser pulse stacking with a mode lock laser where wavelength is 1064 nm, repetition rate 357MHz, pulse width 7psec(FWHM) and a 42 cm long Fabry-Perot optical cavity. The experimental results show that laser power in the optical cavity can be enhanced by laser pulse stacking.

THPLT065	Study of Multiturn Injection at HIMAC Synchrotron	vacuum, injection, antiproton, gun	2637
	T.H. Uesugi, T. Furukawa, T. Naruse, K. Noda NIRS, Chiba-shi T. Fujimoto, S. Shibuya AEC, Chiba
	In the multiturn injection method at the HIMAC synchrotron, a collapsing speed of the bump orbit was decreased from 200 to 350 microseconds in order to obtain higher intensity beam. The injection line was readjusted to satisfy the optimum condition of multiturn injection method. Furthermore, COD correction and bump-orbit optimization were carried out. On the other hand, in order to prevent the resonance by tune shift and to keep the beam intensity constant, tune survey was carried out. While vertical tune is adjusted, we propose that the method to reduce beam loss after injection by expanding vertical beam size by means of the RF-knockout. This paper describes the improvement of injection at HIMAC synchrotron.

THPLT066	Commissioning of 150MeV FFAG Synchronisation	vacuum, antiproton, gun, emittance	2640
	Y. Yonemura, M. Matoba Kyushu University, Fukuoka M. Aiba, M. Sugaya University of Tokyo, Tokyo S. Machida, Y. Mori, A. Muto, J. Nakano, C. Ohmori, I. Sakai, Y. Sato, A. Takagi, T. Yokoi, M. Yoshii, M. Yoshimoto, Y. Yuasa KEK, Ibaraki T. Uesugi NIRS, Chiba-shi A. Yamazaki LNS, Sendai
	A 150MeV proton FFAG (Fixed Field Alternating Gradient) synchrotron has been constructed to be a prototype for various applications such as proton beam therapy. At the moment, all the components are assembled, and multi-turn injection and beam storage were successfully performed. We are in the phase of beam acceleration up to final energy and expect the beam extraction in a few months. In this paper, beam commissioning results such as multi-turn injection, orbit correction, tune survey and optimization of RF gymnastics will be presented.

THPLT067	Development of Optical Diffraction Radiation Beam Size Diagnostics at KEK Accelerator Test Facility	vacuum, antiproton, gun, cathode	2643
	V. Karataev, H. Hayano, T. Muto, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki R. Hamatsu TMU, Hatioji-shi,Tokyo A. Naumenko, A.P. Potylitsyn Tomsk Polytechnic University, Physical-Technical Department, Tomsk
	Extremely low emittance high current beam is required for the accelerators of the next generation such as linear collider to achieve a reasonable luminosity. However, up to now there is no a simple non-invasive technique for beam diagnostics. A method based on optical diffraction radiation (ODR) appearing when a charged particle passes through a slit between two semi-planes can be one of the promising approaches. The estimations show that it might be possible to measure the beam size as small as 10mcm for a single shot. For a test of the proposed technique we designed an experimental setup and installed it at the extraction line of the KEK-ATF (1.26GeV beam energy, 10¹⁰ e/bunch, rms beam size > 10mcm). The electron beam was moving through a 0.26mm wide slit. We have measured backward ODR angular distribution. We have observed the beam size effect on the measured quantities. The sensitivity to the beam size as small as 20mcm was achieved. However, some undesirable factors such as X-ray background, SR photons coming through the mask slit, big detector angular acceptance have to be reduced. In this case a few micrometers beam size could be measured.

THPLT068	Transverse Bunch-by-bunch Feedback System for the SPring-8 Storage Ring	antiproton, gun, cathode, cyclotron	2646
	T. Nakamura, S. Daté, T. Ohshima JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo K. Kobayashi SES, Hyogo-pref.
	A transverse bunch-by-bunch feedback system is developed for the SPring-8 storage ring. An analog de-multiplexer is developed to slice out every six-bunch signal for high-resolution 12-bit ADCs of clock frequency 85MHz, one-sixth of 508MHz RF frequency. Six commercial ADC-FPGA-DAC boards are used for processing the signal from the de-multiplexer. A custom FPGA board is used to multiplex the output signals from those boards. The feedback system is installed in the ring and working with the damping time of 0.5~2.5ms in 30kHz-254MHz and can suppress multi-bunch instabilities driven by impedances of resistive-wall of in-vacuum insertion devices and cavity HOMs at low chromaticity operation.

THPLT069	High Speed Beam Loss Monitor and its Deterioration by Radiation	antiproton, gun, cathode, cyclotron	2649
	T. Kawakubo, T. Ishida, T. Sanami KEK, Ibaraki
	High speed loss monitor is very useful for tuning and operating the beam in an accelerator, especially in the injection and extraction period. We made a new type loss monitor by connecting a fiber to a photo-multiplier (PMT). In the case that the fiber is made of quartz, the source of the signal is Cherenkov effect. And in the case of scintillation fiber, the signal comes from the scintillation effect. The quartz is much stronger than the scintillator to the radiation, but generating light in the quartz is weaker than scintillator, especially in low energy beam. It is very easy to make this monitor and the fabrication cost is cheap. The monitor can observe the bunch loss with an order of 10 ns. After long time use under high irradiation, the signal of the monitor will decrease. Therefore, we also report the dependence of the signal strength on accumulated radiation in various types of material.

THPLT070	Design and Constriction of Coronagraph for Observation of Beam Halo	antiproton, gun, cathode, cyclotron	2652
	T. Mitsuhashi KEK, Ibaraki
	The coronagraph is a spatial telescope to observe the sun-corona by artificial eclipse. The concept of this apparatus is to realize the Schlieren-optical system for cutting the bright diffraction fringes in order to observe a less-bright object surrounding the main image such as the sun-corona. We applied this concept for the observation of the surrounding structure (halo, tail) of the beam. Since the background is mainly scattered light come from the objective lens, the key point to observe a less-intense object is to reduce scattering light from objective lens. We used a very well-polished lens (better than scratch and dig 20/20) as objective lens, and succeeded to obtain the signal to background ratio better than 10^-5. As a test, we tried to observe the tail of beam by hiding the central peak with artificial eclipse by the coronagraph at Photon Factory storage ring. We succeeded to observe the tail of beam which has an intensity range of 1/104 of the peak intensity.

THPLT071	Upgraded Symplectic 3D Beam Tracking of the J-PARC 3 GeV RCS	antiproton, gun, cathode, cyclotron	2655
	M.J. Shirakata, H. Fujimori, Y. Irie KEK, Ibaraki
	The J-PARC 3 GeV ring is a rapid cycling synchrotron which consists of the large bore size magnets. The beam tracking with the 3D distributed magnetic fields is kept developing in order to investigate the beam injection process. In the case of the high intensity hadron accelerator, an accurate beam simulation is important for the designing because a very small amount of beam loss can be critical from the maintenance point of view. In order to improve the tracking accuracy and to save the calculation time, the symplectic integration with the fractal decomposition method has been introduced. The updated simulation results of the beam injection on the J-PARC 3 GeV RCS and the improved performance of ‘GenericSolver' are presented in this paper. The quadrupole fields are also treated as the 3D distributed magnetic fields because they interfered with the bump magnet fields. The remarkable features on the large bore magnet system in the ring accelerator are also discussed.

THPLT072	Magnet and RF Systems of Small Pulse Synchrotron for Radiotherapy	antiproton, gun, cathode, cyclotron	2658
	K. Endo, K. Egawa, Z. Fang, S. Yamanaka KEK, Ibaraki
	To cure the malignant tumor it is desirable to equalize the treatment level to everybody anywhere he lives in. Proton and/or carbon-ion therapy are now considered as a powerful remedy as the radiation dose can be easily concentrated to the target volume by utilizing the Bragg?s peak. If a small medical accelerator is developed at a reasonable cost, it has a big potential to promote the advanced medical treatment with the accelerator in every place. This pulse synchrotron aims to reduce the size of the accelerator by generating the high magnetic field in a short time which leads to a compact ring of high field magnets. Acceleration time is only 5 msec by using the discharge current of a capacitor bank as large as 200 kA at peak, almost equivalent to half sinusoidal 50 Hz. Part of the discharge current is branched to excite the quadrupole magnets to assure the tracking between the dipole and quadrupole fields. Pulsed power technique is also adopted to drive the RF power tubes. Both magnet and RF systems have been developed and being extensively studied. Technological sides of both systems will be treated in details as well as the computational beam behaviors in this pulse synchrotron.

THPLT073	Numerical Methods for the Orbit Control at the KEK 12 GeV PS	antiproton, gun, cathode, cyclotron	2661
	Y. Hitaka, H. Sato, M.J. Shirakata KEK, Ibaraki M.K. Kono, Y.M. Yokomichi Miyazaki University, Miyazaki
	At the KEK 12GeV-PS main ring, when the least square method is applied to correct whole beam orbit all at once, it remains unacceptable beam loss and it is necessary to adjust the local positions of the beam orbit by hands with the beam loss monitors until the beam loss is suppressed under an acceptable level. However, the orbit does not realize the minimum-loss condition. In this paper, a new method is proposed. It focuses a fact that the beam loss distribution depends on the shape of the beam orbit and formulates this relationship to a functional approximation by using a nural network algorithm. Then, solving an optimization problem for generated network system, data of the beam shape which is more suitable for the beam loss of the accelerator can be obtained. The description of the system construction and experimental results are presented.

THPLT074	The Beam Loss Monitor System of the J-parc LINAC, 3 GEV RCS and 50 GEV MR	antiproton, gun, cathode, cyclotron	2664
	S. Lee, T. Toyama KEK, Ibaraki J. Kishiro JAERI/LINAC, Ibaraki-ken M. Tanaka JAERI, Ibaraki-ken
	The high intensity beam accelerator complex itself requires the significant progress of design study and hardware R&D. Operational beam intensity should be limited by the beam loss and activation level of the equipment. Once the beam loss exceeds a criterion at outer environment, beam intensity has to be decreased to prevent the further activation. In order to investigate loss mechanism and suppress the beam loss, a beam loss monitor system have been developed for the J-PARC linac, 3 GeV RCS and 50GeV MR. The system will be essential component for beam commissioning, tuning and machine protection in high intensity beam accelerators. The loss monitor system is composed of scintillator, argon-methane/3He gas filled proportional counter and air filled coaxial cable ionization chamber, which detect g-ray, neutron and charged particles induced by lost particle. It is necessary to measure wide dynamic range of loss intensity for various beam energies. To prevent the activation and heat load by intense beam loss, fast time response of loss signals is required. In this paper, construction and application of loss monitor system are described in detail. Preliminary result of demonstration in the KEK-PS and calibration with cobalt 60 g-ray radiation source are also discussed.

THPLT076	Compact X-band (11.424 Ghz) Linac for Cancer Therapy	antiproton, gun, cathode, cyclotron	2667
	N.H. Quyet, K. Dobashi, F. Ebina, M. El-Ashmawy, A. Fukasawa, H. Iijima, H. Ogino, M. Uesaka UTNL, Ibaraki
	Since most of medical linacs use S-band frequency, so far, such linacs cannot fit to modern advanced treatment techniques such as Tomotherapy and Stereotactic radiotherapy, which allows physicians to locate the tumor position during treatment time and enable for beam modification based on the real time analysis. Therefore, a new generation of electron linac with the compact size, higher power, higher gradient that can supply the advanced requirements of cancer treatment has been become necessary. X-band frequencies range is one of the suitable frequencies range for design such linacs. In this paper we will describe the possible design of a X-band (11.424 GHz) medical linac with side-coupled standing wave structure which understudying in NERL, The University of Tokyo. We aim to couple the therapy machine to the Compton scattering tunable monochromatic X-ray inspection device to realize the simultaneous inspection/therapy. Detailed design and numerical results are presented.

THPLT077	MPI Parallel Computation of Wake Fields by Using Time Domain Boundary Element Method	antiproton, gun, simulation, cathode	2670
	K. Fujita, H. Kawaguchi Muroran Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Muroran T. Weiland, I. Zagorodnov TEMF, Darmstadt
	This paper presents wake field and wake potential calculation by using the Time Domain Boundary Element Method (TDBEM) on the MPI parallel computation system. The TDBEM is based on the electric field integral equation (EFIE) and the electric field integral equation (MFIE) in time domain. In wake field simulation, an important advantage of these equations is that electromagnetic fields in an accelerator cavity are explicitly expressed as a sum of charged particle self-fields and wake fields in time domain. On the other hand, the TDBEM has serious difficulties in practical numerical simulation, such as numerical instabilities, huge memory requirements, and heavy calculation cost. However, recent remarkable progress of computer performance makes the TDBEM possible to be used in practical simulations. According to these backgrounds, we apply the TDBEM to wake field simulation in the MPI parallel computer system. Simulation results are compared with that of a conventional method, the Finite Integration Techniques (FIT), and good agreements are shown.

THPLT078	Construction of FFAG Accelerators in KURRI for ADS Study	antiproton, gun, simulation, booster	2673
	M. Tanigaki, K. Mishima, S. Shiroya KURRI, Osaka S. Fukumoto, Y. Ishi Mitsubishi Electric Corp, Energy & Public Infrastructure Systems Center, Kobe M. Inoue SLLS, Shiga S. Machida, Y. Mori KEK, Ibaraki
	KART (Kumatori Accelerator driven Reactor Test) project has started at Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI) from the fiscal year of 2002. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the basic feasibility of ADS, studying the effect of incident neutron energy on the effective multiplication factor of the subcritical nuclear fuel system. We are now constructing a proton FFAG accelerator complex as a neutron production driver for this project. Our accelerator complex consists of a 2.5 MeV FFAG betatron as an injector and 20 MeV and 150 MeV FFAG synchrotrons as a booster and a main ring, respectively. Our FFAG betatron is a spiral sector type. Both booster and main rings are radial sector type FFAG synchrotrons, but different in the production of required magnetic field with a certain magnetic field index. The distribution of magnetic field is determined by the shaped pole-face in the main ring while the magnetic field is realized by use of trim coils in the booster ring. This FFAG complex will be combined with our Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA) in KURRI by the end of March 2006 and the experiments will begin as soon as the whole system is ready.

THPLT079	The Study of APF-IH Linac	antiproton, gun, booster, cathode	2676
	K. Yamamoto, T. Hattori, K. Yamamoto RLNR, Tokyo M. Okamura RIKEN, Saitama S. Yamada NIRS, Chiba-shi
	We have manufactured the IH linac with Alternating Phase Focus as the test machine of medical accelerator injection. It will accelerate C⁴⁺ ion up to 2MeV/u from 40 keV/u, the tank length is around 1.5m, operation frequency is 100MHz. Furthermore, We have succeeded the acceleration test using proton with simple acceleration system consist of P.I.G. ion source, bending magnets and focus lenses, less than 5m long. Otherwise, We have been making the program of beam dynamics with the results of the electro-magnetic simulation soft (Micro-Wave-Studio,OPERA-3D), it has the merit of easily to calculate the 3D- beam dynamics in the tank. We will report the some results of the test and the beam simulation and the comparisons.

THPLT080	Simulation Study of the Beam Loading Effect in an RF Gun	antiproton, gun, booster, cathode	2679
	K. Shinto, H. Hama, F. Hinode, A. Miyamoto, T. Tanaka LNS, Sendai
	Because of simple structure and apparatus, a thermionic rf gun has been considered to be employed in a new pre-injector for the future synchrotron radiation facility at Tohoku University. A 3-D beam simulation code for the rf gun using a Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method to solve Maxwell's equations has been developed. In the rf gun, especially in case of the high beam current, electromagnetic fields induced by the electron beam are considered to affect beam characteristics such as beam emittance and energy spread. In the FDTD method, because the Maxwell?s equations are able to be solved including the term of current density of the charge, the electromagnetic fields produced by both the external rf power and the electron beam can be anticipated. Using the simulation code, beam loading effects on the characteristics of the electron beam extracted from the rf gun is investigated.

THPLT081	Present Status of Photo-cathode RF Gun System and its Applications at Waseda University	antiproton, electron, booster, cyclotron	2682
	R. Kuroda, Y. Hama, K. Hidume, H. Hirama, M. Kawaguchi, N. Kudo, T. Kuribayasi, S. Minamiguchi, R. Moriyama, T. Saito, K. Sakaue, D. Ueyama, M. Washio RISE, Tokyo H. Hayano, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki S. Kashiwagi ISIR, Osaka X.J. Wang BNL/NSLS, Upton, Long Island, New York
	High quality electron beam generation using photo-cathode rf gun system and its application have been developed at Waseda University. This system can generate about 4 MeV low emittance electron beam. This is applied for soft X-ray generation using laser Compton scattering and pulse radiolysis experiments based on the pump-probe technique. In case of the soft X-ray generation, Compton scattering experiments between about 4.2 MeV electron beam and Nd:YLF laser light (1047nm) is performed at 20 degrees interaction angle, so that about 300 eV soft X-ray is generated. In case of the pulse radiolysis experiments, the electron beam is used for the pump beam. The probe light is generated as white light by concentrating Nd:YLF laser light (1047nm) on the water cell. The measurement with about 30 ps (FWHM) time resolution of this system is demonstrated for the absorption of hydrated electrons. In this conference, we will present the experimental results, status of this system and future applications.

THPLT163	High-temperature Kicker Electrodes for High-beam-current Operation of PEP-II	plasma, proton, polarization, booster	2840
	U. Wienands, R. Akre, D.E. Anderson, S. Debarger, K. Fant, D. Kharakh, R.E. Kirby, A. Krasnykh, A. Kulikov, J. Langton SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	The strip line electrodes of the kickers used in the transverse bunch-by-bunch feedback systems see significant power deposition by beam and HOM-induced currents. This leads to elevated temperatures of the aluminum electrodes and will ultimately become a limit for the beam current in the Low Energy Ring. Heat is transported to the environment primarily by radiation from the blackened surface of the electrodes. In order to extend the beam-current range of these kickers, new electrodes have been fabricated from molybdenum which are able to run at significantly higher temperature, thus greatly increasing the efficiency of the radiative cooling of the electrodes. Blackening of the electrodes is achieved by oxidation in air at 1000°F using a recipe first applied in aviation research for supersonic aircraft. Emissivity was measured on coupons and a whole electrode to be about 0.6. In addition, the match at the terminations of the electrodes is improved following field calculations and measurements on a model of the kicker.

THPLT165	Synchrotron Light Interferometry at JEFFERSON Lab	plasma, proton, polarization, booster	2843
	A. Freyberger, P. Chevtsov, T. Day, R. Hicks Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia J-C. Denard SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
	The hyper-nuclear physics program at JLAB requires an upper limit on the RMS momentum spread of dp/p<3e-5. The momentum spread is determined by measuring the beam width at a dispersive location (D~4m) in the transport line to the experimental halls. Ignoring the epsilon-beta contribution to the intrinsic beam size, this momentum spread corresponds to an upper bound on the beam width of σ_beam<120um. Typical techniques to measure and monitor the beam size are either invasive or do not have the resolution to measure such small beam sizes. Using interferometry of the synchrotron light produced in the dispersive bend, the resolution of the optical system can be made very small. The non-invasive nature of this measurement allows continuous monitoring of the momentum spread. Two synchrotron light interferometers have been built and installed at JLAB, one each in the Hall-A and Hall-C transport lines. The devices operate over a beam current range from 1uA to 100uA and have a spatial resolution of 10um. The structure of the interferometers, the experience gained during its installation, beam measurements and momentum spread stability are presented. The dependence of the measured momentum spread on beam current will be presented.

THPLT166	Development of Injection and Optics Control Applications for the SNS Accumulator Ring	plasma, proton, polarization, booster	2846
	S.M. Cousineau, C. Chu, J. Galambos, S. Henderson, T. Pelaia, M. Plum ORNL/SNS, Oak Ridge, Tennessee A.L. Leahman WSSU, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
	A large suite of physics software applications is being developed to facilitate beam measurement and control in the SNS accumulator ring. Two such applications are an injection control and measurement application, and a ring optics control application. The injection application will handle measurement and control of the linac beam position and angle at the stripper foil, and will be used to measure the twiss parameters of the linac beam at the foil. The optics control application will provide knobs for machine working point, chromaticity, arc phase advance, and harmonic correction. Both applications are written within the standard in-house XAL framework. Presented here are first versions of the applications, along with plans for future development and testing.

THPLT167	SNS Laser Profile Monitor Progress	plasma, proton, polarization, booster	2849
	W. Blokland, A.V. Aleksandrov, S. Assadi, C. Deibele, W. Grice, S. Henderson, T. Hunter, P. Ladd, G.R. Murdoch, J. Pogge, K. Potter, T.J. Shea, D. Stout ORNL/SNS, Oak Ridge, Tennessee V. Alexandrov BINP SB RAS, Protvino, Moscow Region
	SNS will use a Nd:YAG laser to measure transverse profiles in the 186-1000 MeV super-conducting LINAC (SCL) and Ti:Sapphire modelock laser to measure longitudinal profiles in the 2.5 MeV Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT). The laser beam is scanned across the H^- beam to photo-neutralize narrow slices. The liberated electrons are collected to provide a direct measurement of the transverse or longitudinal beam profile. We have successfully measured the transverse profile with a prototype system on the MEBT beam. The final SCL system uses an optical transport line that is installed alongside the 300 meter super-conducting LINAC to deliver laser light at 8 locations. Possible vibrations in the optical transport system can lead to inaccuracies in the profile measurement. We will use an active feedback system on a mirror to correct any vibration up to 2 KHz. In this paper we describe our vibration studies and vibration cancellation system as well as the progress in the design, installation and testing of various subsystems for both the transverse and the longitudinal profiles.

THPLT168	XAL - The SNS Application Programming Infrastructure	plasma, proton, polarization, booster	2852
	J. Galambos, C. Chu, S.M. Cousineau, T. Pelaia, A. Shishlo ORNL/SNS, Oak Ridge, Tennessee C. Allen, C. McChesney LANL/LANSCE, Los Alamos, New Mexico W.-D. Klotz ESRF, Grenoble I. Kriznar, A. Zupanc Cosylab, Ljubljana
	A Java programming infrastructure for high level applications has been developed and is being used for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). The framework provides a hierarchal view of the accelerator and hides much of the underlying control system details. The hierarchy is database configured, facilitating sharing of applications across different beamlines, shielding the programmer from detailed knowledge of signal names, and allowing wholesale updating of applications. An important aspect of the framework is an online model, which can be run for design values, live machine values or user selected tuning values. Sample applications will be shown.

THPLT170	Finding the Circular Magnet Aperture which Encloses an Arbitrary Number of Midplane-centered Beam Ellipses	plasma, proton, polarization, booster	2855
	J.S. Berg BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	In specifying the magnets for an accelerator, one must be able to determine the aperture required by the beam. In some machines, in particular FFAGs, there is a significant variation in the closed orbit and beta functions over the energy range of the machine. In addition, the closed orbit and beta functions may vary with the longitudinal position in the magnet. It is necessary to determine a magnet aperture which encloses the beam ellipses at all energies and all positions in the magnet. This paper describes a method of determining the smallest circular aperture enclosing an arbitrary number of midplane-centered ellipses.

THPLT171	Stochastic Cooling Studies in RHIC, II	plasma, proton, polarization, booster	2858
	M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, J. Wei BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	Intra-beam scattering is unavoidable for highly charged heavy ions and causes emittance growth during the store for collision physics. A longitudinal bunched beam stochastic cooling system will confine the bunch within the RF bucket increasing the useful luminosity. A single bunch, Palmer cooling system is under investigation. We present data and compare them with theory.

THPLT172	Self-adaptive Feed Forward Scheme for the SNS Ring RF System	plasma, proton, polarization, booster	2861
	M. Blaskiewicz, K. Smith BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	During one millisecond of injection stacking, the RF beam current varies from 0 to 50 Amperes. The control loops of the RF system are operative throughout this process. Acceptable setpoints will be found during commissioning, but as vacuum tubes age and beam currents increase these setpoints will become less optimal. A scheme by which the system can optimize itself is presented.

THPLT173	RHIC BPM Performance: Comparison of Run 2003 and 2004	plasma, proton, polarization, booster	2864
	R. Calaga, R. Tomas BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	Identification of malfunctioning BPMs plays an important role in any orbit or turn-by-turn analysis. Singular value decomposition (SVD)and Fourier transform methods were recently employed to identify malfunctioning BPMs at RHIC. A detailed statistical comparison between the two methods for Run 2003 was in good agreement and proved to be a robust method to identify faulty BPMs. We evaluate detailed BPM performance for different versions of BPM low-level software in 2003 and 2004.

THPLT177	Maps for Fast Electron Cloud Simulations at RHIC	plasma, proton, polarization, booster	2867
	U. Iriso, S. Peggs BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	Luminosity in several colliders, including RHIC, is limited by the electron cloud effect. A careful re-distribution of the bunch pattern around the azimuth of a ring can decrease the average electron density for a fixed total bunch current, allowing the luminosity to be increased. In the search for a bunch pattern that maximizes the luminosity, a fast computer simulation is a key requirement. We discuss the use of fast polynomial maps to simulate the bunch to bunch evolution of the electron density at RHIC. Such maps are empirically derived from existing conventional slow simulation codes.

THPLT179	MADX-UAL Suite for Off-line Accelerator Design and Simulation	plasma, proton, polarization, booster	2870
	N. Malitsky, R.P. Fliller III, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, S. Tepikian, J. Wei BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York F. Schmidt CERN, Geneva R.M. Talman Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
	We present here an accelerator modeling suite that integrates the capability of MADX and UAL packages, based on the Standard eXchange Format (SXF) interface. The resulting environment introduces a one-stop collection of accelerator applications ranging from the lattice design to complex beam dynamics studies. The extended capabilities of the MADX-UAL integrated approach have been tested and effectively used in two accelerator projects: RHIC, where direct comparison of operational and simulated data is possible, and the SNS Accumulator Ring, still in its design phase.

THPLT181	A Tomographic Technique for Magnetized Beam Matching	plasma, proton, polarization, booster	2873
	C. Montag, I. Ben-Zvi, J. Kewisch BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	To maintain low electron beam temperatures in the proposed RHIC electron cooler, careful matching of the magnetized beam from the source to the cooler solenoid is mandatory. We propose a tomographic technique to diagnose matching conditions. First simulation results will be presented.

THPLT183	Results from the Commissioning of the NSRL Beam Transfer Line at BNL	plasma, polarization, booster, luminosity	2876
	N. Tsoupas, S. Bellavia, R. Bonati, K.A. Brown, I.-H. Chiang, C. Gardner, D. Gassner, S. Jao, I. Marneris, A. McNerney, D. Phillips, P. Pile, R. Prigl, A. Rusek, L. Snydstrup BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	The NASA SPACE RADIATION LABORATORY (NSRL) has started operations at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in 2003. The NSRL facility will be used by NASA to study radiation effects. The NSRL facility utilizes proton and heavy-ion beams of energies from 50 to 3000 MeV/n which are accelerated by the AGS_Booster synchrotron accelerator. The beams were extracted[1] ,and transported to a sample which is located 100 m downstream. To date, protons, 12C, 56Fe, 48Ti ion beams of various magnetic rigidities have been transported to the sample location. The NSRL beam transport line has been designed to employ octupole magnetic elements[2] which transform the normal (Gaussian) beam distribution on the sample into a beam with rectangular cross section, and uniformly distributed over the sample. No beam-collimation is applied along any point of the NSRL beam transport line and the beam focusing on the sample is purely magnetic. The experimental and theoretical horizontal and vertical beam envelopes of the first order optics will be presented. The theoretical beam profiles and uniformities at the location of the sample, when the magnetic octupoles are excited (third order optics), will be compared with the experimentally measured ones.

THPLT184	An Online Longitudinal Vertex and Bunch Spectrum Monitor for RHIC	plasma, polarization, booster, luminosity	2879
	J. Van Zeijts, R. Lee BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	The longitudinal bunch profile acquisition system at RHIC was recently upgraded to allow online measurements of the bunch spectrum, and collision vertex location and shape. The system allows monitoring the evolution of these properties along the ramp, at transition and rebucketing, and at store conditions. We describe some of the hardware and software changes, and show an application of the system in optimizing the cogging of the colliding beams.

THPLT186	Bunch Pattern Control in Top-up Mode at the SLS	plasma, polarization, booster, luminosity	2882
	B. Kalantari, T. Korhonen, V. Schlott PSI, Villigen
	One of the crucial issues in the advanced third generation light sources is the bunch pattern control in the storage ring, where various filling patterns are of interests for different experiments. The most important step is to keep a uniform charge distribution over all (electron) bunches during the top-up operation. Such a bunch pattern control has been implemented at the Swiss Light Source (SLS). It provides a filling pattern with bunch-to-bunch fluctuation of a few percent. Since a dependency of the medium term orbit stability on the actual filling pattern was observed in the past, the stability could significantly be improved. Three major ingredients have made the implementation possible: precise timing system, flexible control system and sophisticated diagnostics. The method is being used in the user operation recently and proved to be reliable. This paper describes the hardware and software involved in the mentioned technique.

FRXCH01	Development of High Power Targets	plasma, polarization, booster, target	276
	G.S. Bauer FZJ/ESS, Jülich
	High power targets are at the very heart of most applications of accelerators to science and technology. With many projects aiming to utilize beams in the multi-megawatt power range, solid targets, in particular stationary ones, become increasingly difficult. Liquid metal targets have become the concept of choice. Designs cover a variety of concepts ranging from free jets to allow extraction of low energy ? highly ionizing radiation (pions and muons) to fully enclosed systems if neutron generation is the main goal. Mercury is often the preferred target material due to its liquid state at room temperature and other favourable properties. Designs aiming at high temperature operation depending on small neutron absorption rely on PbBi as target material. Liquid lithium is proposed for a deuteron stripping target for the IFMIF project. Questions that need to be solved include solid-liquid metal reactions, radiation effects, general liquid metal technology, handling of spallation products as well as design of components and subsystems. In addition, short pulse operation leads to the generation of pressure waves inside the targets and the need to control their consequences.
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FRXBCH01	Novel Ideas and R&D for High Intensity Neutrino Beams	plasma, polarization, booster, target	281
	K.J. Peach CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	Recent developments in neutrino physics, primarily the conclusive demonstration of neutrino oscillations in both atmospheric neutrinos and solar neutrinos, provide the first conclusive evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. The phenomenology of neutrino oscillations, for three generations of neutrino, requires six parameters - two squared mass differences, 3 mixing angles and a complex phase that could, if not 0 or pi, contribute to the otherwise unexplained baryon asymmetry observed in the Universe. Exploring the neutrino sector will requires very intense beams of neutrinos, and needs novel solutions.
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FRXBCH02	Towards Higher Luminosities in B and Phi Factories	plasma, polarization, booster, target	286
	P. Raimondi INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
	A brief review of the performances of the existing Factories will be presented. Such machines have been proved extremely successful, for both particle and accelerator physics. To further extend their physics reach, several plans are under way to upgrade the existing colliders, in order to increase their luminosity up to an order of magnitude. Will also be described several new schemes and ideas to realize full ?Second Generation Factories? aimed at luminosities two order of magnitude higher then what achieved so far.
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FRYACH01	HICAT - The German Hospital-Based Light Ion Cancer Therapy Project	plasma, polarization, booster, target	290
	H. Eickhoff, T. Haberer, B. Schlitt, U. Weinrich GSI, Darmstadt
	At the University Clinics at Heidelberg /Germany the realization of a cancer Therapy facility using light and medium ions (from protons up to oxygen) has started. This facility will be capable to treat about 1000 patients per year by means of the 'intensity controlled rasterscan technique', that has been already successfully applied to about 200 patients since 1998 at the GSI therapy pilot project. The presentation will give an overview of the facility layout and especially the accelerator- and beam transport systems, capable to provide 3 treatment places with light ions between 50 and 430 MeV/u. Two treatment places are located after horizontal beam lines and one after an isocentric gantry. A further horizontal beam line for research and development activities is foreseen. Besides the technical description and the status and schedule for the project realization organizational aspects of this project will be discussed with the project leadership at the University Clinics, the strong technical assistance of GSI and the role of industrial partners.
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FRYBCH01	Clean Energy and the Fast Track to Fusion Power	polarization, booster, target, plasma	295
	C. Llewellyn Smith UKAEA Culham, Culham, Abingdon, Oxon
	The theoretical attractions of fusion are clear: used as fuel in a fusion power plant, the lithium in one laptop battery together with 40 litres of water would produce 200,000 kW hours of electricity in an environmentally benign manner. The Joint European Torus (JET), which has produced 16MW, has shown that fusion can work in practice. ITER (the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor) is now essential to test integration of the components at the heart of a fusion reactor, and confirm that a burning plasma, in a fusion device scaled up in all dimensions by a factor of two from JET, to power plant size, has the expected behaviour. ITER should confirm that a fusion power plant can be built. The challenge will then be to build a power plant that would be sufficiently reliable and robust to be economically viable. This will require intensive research and development on the materials needed to construct the plasma vessel and surrounding blanket. These materials will have to be tested under reactor conditions at a dedicated facility called IFMIF (International Fusion Materials Facility). Construction of IFMIF in parallel with ITER would put fusion firmly on the 'fast track' (strongly advocated by the British Government) to the construction of a commercial fusion power plant, which could in principle be in operation within 30 years. I shall describe how a fusion power plant would work, the advantages and disadvantages of fusion, and the challenges that lie ahead.
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