IPAC2015 - List of Keywords (DTL)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPWA047	Start to End Simulation of High Current Injector using TRACEWIN Code	ion, rfq, optics, linac	223
	S. Kumar, A. Mandal IUAC, New Delhi, India
	High Current Injector (HCI) is an alternate injector to superconducting linac at IUAC in addition to pelletron. It consists mainly of high temperature superconducting ECR ion source (PKDELIS), radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ)* and a drift tube linac (DTL). The ions of mass to charge (A/q) ratio of 6 are analysed initially and accelerated through RFQ and DTL to a total energy of 1.8 MeV/u. The different energy regimes connecting the accelerating stages are named as low, medium and high energy beam transport section (LEBT, MEBT and HEBT). The energy spread of beam increases from 0.02% at ECR source to 0.5% at the DTL exit. An ion beam of normalized transverse and longitudinal emittance of 0.03 pi mm-mrad and 0.3 keV/u-ns has been considered at the start for the simulation of ion optics using TRACEWIN* code. The whole beam transport system has been designed using GICOSY, TRANSPORT and TRACE 3D codes piecewise and TRACEWIN code is used to simulate whole ion optics from start to end including acceleration stages such as RFQ and DTL. Simulation results shows that beam can be injected through LEBT, MEBT and HEBT into LINAC without significant emittance growth and beam loss. * Sugam Kumar et al., Proc. of InPAC-2011, IUAC, New Delhi B.P. Ajith Kumar et al., Proc. of InPAC-2009, RRCAT, Indore * http://irfu.cea.fr/Sacm/logiciels/index3.php
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MOPWA069	Upgrades on a Scalable Software Package for Large Scale Beam Dynamic Simulations	software, simulation, space-charge, solenoid	282
	X.T. Dong, K. Du, J. Xu, R. Zhao IS, Beijing, People's Republic of China Y. He, Z.J. Wang IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China C. Li, Q. Qin, Y.L. Zhao IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Large-scale particle tracking is important for precise design and optimization of the linear accelerator. In this paper a parallel software recently developed for beam dynamics simulation has been benchmarked. The software is based on Particle-In-Cell method, and calculates space charge field by an efficient three-dimension parallel fast Fourier transform method. It uses domain decomposition and MPI library for parallelization. The characteristics of this software are optimized software structure and suitable for modern supercomputers. Several standard accelerating devices have been used to compare the simulation results with other beam dynamics software. They have been run on several different platforms, such as INSPUR cluster at RDCPS, and SHENGTENG7000 at IMPCAS. At first, some simulation results for RFQ with large number of particles will be shown.
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MOPJE032	A Steering Study for the ESS Normal Conducting Linac	linac, quadrupole, lattice, beam-losses	351
	R. Miyamoto ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Construction of the European Spallation Source is rapidly progressing in Lund, Sweden, and preparations for commissioning of its proton linac has been underway for some time now. Accurate adjustment of accelerator components to achieve ideal beam parameters is the key to maximizing performance and safe operation for any machine. This paper presents a study of beam steering for the normal conducting part of the proton linac of ESS.
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MOPMA030	Multisymplectic Integrators for Accelerator Tracking Codes	space-charge, plasma, simulation, storage-ring	614
	S.D. Webb, D.L. Bruhwiler RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
	It has been long understood that long time single particle tracking requires symplectic integrators to keep the simulations stable. In contrast, space charge has been added to tracking codes without much regard for this. Indeed, multisymplectic integrators are a promising new field which may lead to more stable and accurate simulations of intense beams. We present here the basic concept, through a spectral electrostatic field solve which is suitable for adapting into existing tracking codes. We also discuss the limitations of current algorithms, and suggest directions for future development for the next generations of high intensity accelerators.
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MOPWI034	Adaptive Accelerator Tuning	controls, feedback, hardware, simulation	1237
	A. Scheinker LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	We start with an overview of advanced adaptive control schemes in use throughout the accelerator community. We then present a recently developed, novel, model-independent feedback controller, which is robust to measurement noise, and able to tune an arbitrary number of coupled parameters simultaneously based only on a user-defined cost function. We discuss the possibility of combining virtual beam measurements from simulations with actual diagnostic signals from the accelerator into a single cost function, which takes into account both unknown machine variations and estimates of physically inaccessible beam characteristics. We present recent in-hardware experimental results obtained at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center* and at the Facility for Advanced Accelerator Tests (FACET)**, demonstrating the scheme’s ability to simultaneously tune many parameters and its robustness to noise and system time-variation. A. Scheinker et al., PRSTAB, 16, 102803, 2013. A. Scheinker et al., NIMA, 756, pp. 30-38, 2014. * A. Scheinker and S. Gessner, Conference on Decision and Control, 2014.
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TUXB2	Upgrade of the Unilac for Fair	proton, linac, ion, emittance	1281
	L. Groening, A. Adonin, R. M. Brodhage, X. Du, R. Hollinger, O.K. Kester, S. Mickat, A. Orzhekhovskaya, B. Schlitt, G. Schreiber, H. Vormann, C. Xiao GSI, Darmstadt, Germany H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger, A. Seibel, R. Tiede IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The UNIversal Linear Accelerator (UNILAC) at GSI serves as injector for all ion species from protons to uranium since four decades. Its 10⁸ MHz Alvarez type DTL providing acceleration from 1.4 MeV/u to 11.4 MeV/u has suffered from material fatigue. The DTL will be replaced by a completely new section with almost same design parameters, i.e. pulsed current of up to 15 mA of 238U²⁸⁺ at 11.4 MeV/u. A dedicated terminal & LEBT for operation with 238U⁴⁺ is currently constructed. The uranium sources need to be upgraded in order to provide increased beam brilliances and for operation at 3 Hz. In parallel a 70 MeV / 70 mA proton linac based on H-mode cavities is under design and construction. This contribution will also give a brief summary of the overall status of the FAIR project.
	Slides TUXB2 [4.634 MB]
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TUPWI026	A Monochromatic Gamma Source without Neutrons	neutron, photon, proton, rfq	2292
	R.W. Garnett, S.S. Kurennoy, L. Rybarcyk, T.N. Taddeucci LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. High-energy gamma rays can be efficiently produced using the direct excitation of the 15.1-MeV level in 12C via the (p, p’) reaction. This reaction has the threshold energy of 16.38 MeV. The threshold for neutron production via 12C (p, n) is 19.66 MeV, so there is an energy window of 3.28 MeV where the 15.1-MeV photons can be produced without any direct neutrons. Thick-target yield estimates indicate that just below the neutron production threshold, the photon output is about twice that of the more well-known 11B (d, n) reaction requiring 4-MeV deuterons, with the expected 15.1-MeV photon flux to be approximately 10¹¹ s^-1 sr^-1 per 1 mA of 19.6-MeV proton current on a carbon target. A compact pulsed proton accelerator capable of 10-mA or greater peak currents to drive such a gamma source will be presented. The accelerator concept is based on a 4-rod RFQ followed by compact H-mode structures with PMQ focusing.
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WEPMA017	Alvarez DTL Cavity Design for the UNLAC Upgrade	cavity, electron, impedance, simulation	2786
	X. Du, L. Groening, S. Mickat GSI, Darmstadt, Germany A. Seibel IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The 10⁸.4 MHz drift tube linac (DTL) accelerator for GSI’s UNLAC upgrade project is in its initial design stage using CST-MWS code. Optimization criteria for cavity design are effective shunt impedance (ZTT), transit-time factor, and electrical breakdown limit. In geometrical op-timization we have aimed at increase of the energy gain in each RF gap of the DTL cells by maximizing ZTT per peak surface field with special designed tube profile. Mul-ti-pacting probability is evaluated for one gap of typical single cell. For the beta profile design, a code based on VBA macros of CST is developed to perform cell by cell design with pre-optimized 3D tube structures. With this code several beta profile designs are presented and com-pared for the balance of power consumption, ZTT, tank length, and breakdown possibility of the complete cavity. The stability of the field has been taken into account and for this the crossed stem arrangement is assessed. This paper gives a short introduction of the method, presents some important results. Possible countermeas-ures are discussed.
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WEPTY084	Cooling Systems for the New 201.25 MHz Final Power Amplifiers at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE)	hardware, neutron, cavity, controls	3479
	W.C. Barkley, C.E. Buechler, J.T.M. Lyles, A.C. Naranjo LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA D. Baca, R.E. Bratton Compa Industries, Inc., Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Funding: Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36. Two new 201.25 MHz RF Final Power Amplifiers (FPAs) have been designed, fabricated, assembled, installed and successfully tested at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), in Module 2 of the Drift Tube Linac. These production units were fabricated at Continental Electronics Corporation. In this paper, we summarize the FPAs air and water cooling requirements and cooling systems.
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WEPWI002	Installation and Operation of Replacement 201 MHz High Power RF System at LANSCE	linac, cavity, controls, electronics	3485
	J.T.M. Lyles, W.C. Barkley, J. Davis, D. Rees, G. M. Sandoval, Jr. LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA R.E. Bratton, R.D. Summers Compa Industries, Inc., Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the United States Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Agency, under contract DE--AC52--06NA25396. The LANSCE RM project has restored the linac to high power capability after the power tube manufacturer could no longer provide triodes that consistently met our high average power requirement. Diacrodes® now supply RF power to two of the four DTL tanks. These tetrodes reuse the existing infrastructure including water-cooling systems, coaxial transmission lines, high voltage power supplies and capacitor banks. The power amplifier system uses a combined pair of LANL-designed cavity amplifiers using the TH628L Diacrode® to produce up to 3.5 MW peak and 420 kW of mean power. Design and prototype testing was completed in 2012, with commercialization following in 2013. The first installation was completed in 2014 and a second installed system is ready to test. The remaining replacement will follow in 2016. Meanwhile, there is a hybrid of old/new amplifiers until the changeover is complete. Operating results of the replacement system are summarized, along with observations from the rapid--paced installation project.
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THPF027	Ten Gap Model of a New Alvarez DTL Cavity at GSI	simulation, cavity, ion, impedance	3748
	A. Seibel, O.K. Kester IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany X. Du, L. Groening, S. Mickat GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	In order to meet the challenges of the FAIR project at GSI requiring highest beam intensities an upgrade of the existing Universal Linear Accelerator (UNILAC) is planned. The 10⁸ MHz cavities will be replaced by new rf-structures of the same frequency. Simulations are done to improve the rf-properties. The geometry of the drift tubes is to be changed to a smoother curvature to reach a homogeneous surface field distribution and higher shunt impedances. To check the necessity of cooling channels, simulations on the temperature distribution at the drift tubes and stems are conducted. A test bench for low power rf-measurements with a 10 gap aluminum model (scale 1:3) is under construction. The modular mechanical design of the model will allow probing experimentally a wide range of drift tube and stem geometries. With the bead pull method the electrical field distribution will be measured as well as the field stability with respect to parasitic modes. Additionally, appropriate locations along the cavity to place fixed and dynamic rf-frequency tuners will be determined.
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THPF040	Recent Progress of the Beam Commissioning in J-PARC Linac	linac, rfq, emittance, simulation	3789
	T. Maruta, Y. Liu KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan K. Futatsukawa, T. Miyao KEK, Ibaraki, Japan M. Ikegami FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA A. Miura JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
	J-PARC linac iis replaced the front-end in the summer shutdown in year 2014 to extend the maximum peak current to 50 mA from 30 mA. By the combination with the energy upgrade conducted in year 2013, it becomes possible to achieve the design beam energy of 133 kW, which is corresponding to 1 MW at the extraction of 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Sychrotron (RCS). The beam commissioning after the replacement started at Sep./27, and we can successfully accelerate the beam at peak current of 30 mA and 50 mA. In this presentation, we introduce the resent progress of the beam commissioning of the J-PARC linac.
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THPF049	The Simulation and Manufacture of the Room Temperature Cross-bar H Type Drift Tube Linac	cavity, impedance, proton, rfq	3811
	J.H. Li China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, People's Republic of China Z. Li SCU, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
	Funding: This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). The room temperature Cross-bar H Type Drift Tube Linac (CH-DTL) is one of the candidate acceleration structures working in CW mode. In order to optimize the parameters, the 3 dimensional electromagnetic field of the CH-DTL cavity is simulated. The method of parameter sweeping with constraint variable is better than the method of parameter sweeping with only one variable during the optimization. In order to simplify the manufacture, the drift tube surface can be designed as spherical shape. The effective shunt impedance of the CH-DTL cavity with cylinder end cup is better than that with cone cup.
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THPF050	Applications of Beam Parameter Measurements in Transport Lines at CSNS	linac, optics, beam-transport, factory	3815
	Z.P. Li, L. Huang, Y. Li, J. Peng, S. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Several XAL-based applications for parameter measurements in Medium Energy Beam Transport line (MEBT) and Linac to Ring Beam Transport line (LRBT) at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) have been developed. Algorithms and functions of these applications are introduced in this paper. Real Machine tests are carried out in the MEBT commissioning.
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THPF060	The Simulation Study of Space Charge Effects for CSNS Linac	emittance, space-charge, focusing, simulation	3833
	Y. Yuan, L. Huang, J. Peng, S. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high intensity accelerator based facility. Its accelerator consists of an H⁻ injector and a proton Rapid Cycling Synchrotron. The injector includes the front end and linac. The RFQ accelerates the beam to 3MeV, and then DTL accelerates it to 80MeV. The space charge effect is the most important cause of emittance growth and beam loss due to the low beam energy and the high peak current. The paper performed simulation studies on the space charge effects at the LINAC by using three-dimensional code IMPACT-Z. The emittance evolution is studied in the point of view of the singe-particle dynamics and multi-particle dynamics with different peak beam current. The effect of mismatch is studied by simulation, and the emittance growth with different mismatch factor are given.
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THPF078	Effect of the Field Maps on the Beam Dynamics of the ESS Drift Tube Linac	emittance, klystron, focusing, linac	3864
	R. De Prisco, M. Eshraqi, Y.I. Levinsen, R. Miyamoto, E. Sargsyan ESS, Lund, Sweden A.R. Karlsson Lund University, Lund, Sweden
	In the beam dynamic design and modelling of the European Spallation Source (ESS) Drift Tube Linac (DTL) simplified models have been used for the focusing and accelerating structures. Since the high current requires precise control of the beam to minimise the losses it is useful to analyse the beam dynamics by using accurate field maps of the focusing and accelerating structures. In this paper the effects of the 3D-field maps on the beam dynamics of the ESS DTL are presented.
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THPF085	Beam Commissioning of Linac4 up to 12 MeV	linac, emittance, diagnostics, quadrupole	3886
	V.A. Dimov, E. Belli, G. Bellodi, J.-B. Lallement, A.M. Lombardi CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Yarmohammadi Satri IPM, Tehran, Iran
	CERN Linac4 is made of a 3 MeV front end including a 45 keV source , a 3 MeV Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) and a fast chopper, followed by a 50 MeV Drift Tube Linac (DTL), a 100 MeV Cell-Coupled Drift Tube Linac (CCDTL) and a 160 MeV Pi-Mode Structure (PIMS). The Linac4 beam commissioning is performed in 6 stages of increasing energy. Movable beam diagnostics benches, with various instruments, are used at each step to allow the detailed characterisation of operational parameters that will play a key role in the overall future performance. The first three stages of the commissioning, up to 12 MeV beam energy, have been completed at the end of 2014. The RFQ and the chopper line at 3 MeV, as well as the first tank of the DTL at 12 MeV were fully characterised, using permanent diagnostic instruments and a movable diagnostic bench equipped with a spectrometer, a slit-grid emittance meter, a Bunch Shape Monitor, Beam Position Monitors and a laser-emittance device. This paper reports on the strategy and the results of the commissioning up to 12 MeV. It also presents the validation of the set-up strategy, which is essential for the next stages of commissioning.
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THPF092	European Spallation Source Lattice Design Status	linac, lattice, target, quadrupole	3911
	Y.I. Levinsen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland H. Danared, R. De Prisco, M. Eshraqi, R. Miyamoto, M. Muñoz, A. Ponton, E. Sargsyan ESS, Lund, Sweden S.P. Møller, H.D. Thomsen ISA, Aarhus, Denmark
	The European Spallation Source will offer an unprecedented beam power for spallation sources of 5 MW. The accelerator will deliver a proton beam of 62.5 mA peak current and 2.0 GeV onto the spallation target. Since the technical design report (TDR) was published in 2013, work has continued to further optimize the accelerator design. We report on the advancements in lattice design optimizations after the TDR to improve performance and flexibility, and reduce cost of the ESS accelerator.
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THPF106	Review of Linac Upgrade Options for the ISIS Spallation Neutron Source	linac, neutron, proton, cavity	3962
	D.C. Plostinar, C.R. Prior, G.H. Rees STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The ISIS Spallation Neutron Source at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory has recently celebrated 30 years of neutron production. However, with increasing demand for improved reliability and higher beam power it has become clear that a machine upgrade is necessary in the medium to long term. One of the upgrade options is to replace the existing 70 MeV H⁻ injector. In this paper we review the ongoing upgrade programme and highlight three linac upgrade scenarios now under study. The first option is to keep the existing infrastructure and replace the current linac with a higher frequency, more efficient machine. This would allow energies in excess of 100 MeV to be achieved in the same tunnel length. A second option is to replace the current linac with a new 180 MeV linac, requiring a new tunnel. A third option is part of a larger upgrade scenario and involves the construction of an 800 MeV superconducting linac.
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THPF150	3D Electromagnetic and Beam Dynamics Modeling of the LANSCE Drift-Tube Linac	simulation, beam-losses, linac, rfq	4079
	S.S. Kurennoy, Y.K. Batygin LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	The LANSCE drift-tube linac (DTL) accelerates the proton or H⁻ beam to 100 MeV. It consists of four tanks containing tens of drift tubes and post-couplers; for example, tank 2 is almost 20 m long and has 66 cells. We have developed 3D models of full tanks [1] in the DTL with CST Studio to accurately calculate the tank modes, their sensitivity to post-coupler positions and tilts, tuner effects, and RF-coupler influence. Electromagnetic analysis of the DTL tank models is performed using MicroWave Studio (MWS). The full-tank analysis allows tuning the field profile of the operating mode and adjusting the frequencies of the neighboring modes within a realistic CST model. Beam dynamics is modeled with Particle Studio for bunch trains with realistic initial beam distributions using the MWS-calculated and tuned RF fields and quadrupole magnetic fields to determine the output beam parameters and locations of particle losses. * S.S. Kurennoy, LINAC14, Geneva, Switzerland, 2014, MOPP106.
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPWA047

Start to End Simulation of High Current Injector using TRACEWIN Code

ion, rfq, optics, linac

223

S. Kumar, A. Mandal
IUAC, New Delhi, India

High Current Injector (HCI) is an alternate injector to superconducting linac at IUAC in addition to pelletron. It consists mainly of high temperature superconducting ECR ion source (PKDELIS), radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ)* and a drift tube linac (DTL)**. The ions of mass to charge (A/q) ratio of 6 are analysed initially and accelerated through RFQ and DTL to a total energy of 1.8 MeV/u. The different energy regimes connecting the accelerating stages are named as low, medium and high energy beam transport section (LEBT, MEBT and HEBT). The energy spread of beam increases from 0.02% at ECR source to 0.5% at the DTL exit. An ion beam of normalized transverse and longitudinal emittance of 0.03 pi mm-mrad and 0.3 keV/u-ns has been considered at the start for the simulation of ion optics using TRACEWIN*** code. The whole beam transport system has been designed using GICOSY, TRANSPORT and TRACE 3D codes piecewise and TRACEWIN code is used to simulate whole ion optics from start to end including acceleration stages such as RFQ and DTL. Simulation results shows that beam can be injected through LEBT, MEBT and HEBT into LINAC without significant emittance growth and beam loss.
* Sugam Kumar et al., Proc. of InPAC-2011, IUAC, New Delhi
** B.P. Ajith Kumar et al., Proc. of InPAC-2009, RRCAT, Indore
*** http://irfu.cea.fr/Sacm/logiciels/index3.php

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MOPWA069

Upgrades on a Scalable Software Package for Large Scale Beam Dynamic Simulations

software, simulation, space-charge, solenoid

282

X.T. Dong, K. Du, J. Xu, R. Zhao
IS, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Y. He, Z.J. Wang
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
C. Li, Q. Qin, Y.L. Zhao
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Large-scale particle tracking is important for precise design and optimization of the linear accelerator. In this paper a parallel software recently developed for beam dynamics simulation has been benchmarked. The software is based on Particle-In-Cell method, and calculates space charge field by an efficient three-dimension parallel fast Fourier transform method. It uses domain decomposition and MPI library for parallelization. The characteristics of this software are optimized software structure and suitable for modern supercomputers. Several standard accelerating devices have been used to compare the simulation results with other beam dynamics software. They have been run on several different platforms, such as INSPUR cluster at RDCPS, and SHENGTENG7000 at IMPCAS. At first, some simulation results for RFQ with large number of particles will be shown.

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MOPJE032

A Steering Study for the ESS Normal Conducting Linac

linac, quadrupole, lattice, beam-losses

351

R. Miyamoto
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Construction of the European Spallation Source is rapidly progressing in Lund, Sweden, and preparations for commissioning of its proton linac has been underway for some time now. Accurate adjustment of accelerator components to achieve ideal beam parameters is the key to maximizing performance and safe operation for any machine. This paper presents a study of beam steering for the normal conducting part of the proton linac of ESS.

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MOPMA030

Multisymplectic Integrators for Accelerator Tracking Codes

space-charge, plasma, simulation, storage-ring

614

S.D. Webb, D.L. Bruhwiler
RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA

It has been long understood that long time single particle tracking requires symplectic integrators to keep the simulations stable. In contrast, space charge has been added to tracking codes without much regard for this. Indeed, multisymplectic integrators are a promising new field which may lead to more stable and accurate simulations of intense beams. We present here the basic concept, through a spectral electrostatic field solve which is suitable for adapting into existing tracking codes. We also discuss the limitations of current algorithms, and suggest directions for future development for the next generations of high intensity accelerators.

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MOPWI034

Adaptive Accelerator Tuning

controls, feedback, hardware, simulation

1237

A. Scheinker
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

We start with an overview of advanced adaptive control schemes in use throughout the accelerator community. We then present a recently developed, novel, model-independent feedback controller*, which is robust to measurement noise, and able to tune an arbitrary number of coupled parameters simultaneously based only on a user-defined cost function. We discuss the possibility of combining virtual beam measurements from simulations with actual diagnostic signals from the accelerator into a single cost function, which takes into account both unknown machine variations and estimates of physically inaccessible beam characteristics. We present recent in-hardware experimental results obtained at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center** and at the Facility for Advanced Accelerator Tests (FACET)***, demonstrating the scheme’s ability to simultaneously tune many parameters and its robustness to noise and system time-variation.
* A. Scheinker et al., PRSTAB, 16, 102803, 2013.
** A. Scheinker et al., NIMA, 756, pp. 30-38, 2014.
*** A. Scheinker and S. Gessner, Conference on Decision and Control, 2014.

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TUXB2

Upgrade of the Unilac for Fair

proton, linac, ion, emittance

1281

L. Groening, A. Adonin, R. M. Brodhage, X. Du, R. Hollinger, O.K. Kester, S. Mickat, A. Orzhekhovskaya, B. Schlitt, G. Schreiber, H. Vormann, C. Xiao
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger, A. Seibel, R. Tiede
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The UNIversal Linear Accelerator (UNILAC) at GSI serves as injector for all ion species from protons to uranium since four decades. Its 10⁸ MHz Alvarez type DTL providing acceleration from 1.4 MeV/u to 11.4 MeV/u has suffered from material fatigue. The DTL will be replaced by a completely new section with almost same design parameters, i.e. pulsed current of up to 15 mA of 238U²⁸⁺ at 11.4 MeV/u. A dedicated terminal & LEBT for operation with 238U⁴⁺ is currently constructed. The uranium sources need to be upgraded in order to provide increased beam brilliances and for operation at 3 Hz. In parallel a 70 MeV / 70 mA proton linac based on H-mode cavities is under design and construction. This contribution will also give a brief summary of the overall status of the FAIR project.

Slides TUXB2 [4.634 MB]

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TUPWI026

A Monochromatic Gamma Source without Neutrons

neutron, photon, proton, rfq

2292

R.W. Garnett, S.S. Kurennoy, L. Rybarcyk, T.N. Taddeucci
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.
High-energy gamma rays can be efficiently produced using the direct excitation of the 15.1-MeV level in 12C via the (p, p’) reaction. This reaction has the threshold energy of 16.38 MeV. The threshold for neutron production via 12C (p, n) is 19.66 MeV, so there is an energy window of 3.28 MeV where the 15.1-MeV photons can be produced without any direct neutrons. Thick-target yield estimates indicate that just below the neutron production threshold, the photon output is about twice that of the more well-known 11B (d, n) reaction requiring 4-MeV deuterons, with the expected 15.1-MeV photon flux to be approximately 10¹¹ s^-1 sr^-1 per 1 mA of 19.6-MeV proton current on a carbon target. A compact pulsed proton accelerator capable of 10-mA or greater peak currents to drive such a gamma source will be presented. The accelerator concept is based on a 4-rod RFQ followed by compact H-mode structures with PMQ focusing.

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WEPMA017

Alvarez DTL Cavity Design for the UNLAC Upgrade

cavity, electron, impedance, simulation

2786

X. Du, L. Groening, S. Mickat
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
A. Seibel
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The 10⁸.4 MHz drift tube linac (DTL) accelerator for GSI’s UNLAC upgrade project is in its initial design stage using CST-MWS code. Optimization criteria for cavity design are effective shunt impedance (ZTT), transit-time factor, and electrical breakdown limit. In geometrical op-timization we have aimed at increase of the energy gain in each RF gap of the DTL cells by maximizing ZTT per peak surface field with special designed tube profile. Mul-ti-pacting probability is evaluated for one gap of typical single cell. For the beta profile design, a code based on VBA macros of CST is developed to perform cell by cell design with pre-optimized 3D tube structures. With this code several beta profile designs are presented and com-pared for the balance of power consumption, ZTT, tank length, and breakdown possibility of the complete cavity. The stability of the field has been taken into account and for this the crossed stem arrangement is assessed. This paper gives a short introduction of the method, presents some important results. Possible countermeas-ures are discussed.

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WEPTY084

Cooling Systems for the New 201.25 MHz Final Power Amplifiers at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE)

hardware, neutron, cavity, controls

3479

W.C. Barkley, C.E. Buechler, J.T.M. Lyles, A.C. Naranjo
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
D. Baca, R.E. Bratton
Compa Industries, Inc., Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Funding: Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36.
Two new 201.25 MHz RF Final Power Amplifiers (FPAs) have been designed, fabricated, assembled, installed and successfully tested at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), in Module 2 of the Drift Tube Linac. These production units were fabricated at Continental Electronics Corporation. In this paper, we summarize the FPAs air and water cooling requirements and cooling systems.

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WEPWI002

Installation and Operation of Replacement 201 MHz High Power RF System at LANSCE

linac, cavity, controls, electronics

3485

J.T.M. Lyles, W.C. Barkley, J. Davis, D. Rees, G. M. Sandoval, Jr.
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
R.E. Bratton, R.D. Summers
Compa Industries, Inc., Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Funding: Work supported by the United States Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Agency, under contract DE--AC52--06NA25396.
The LANSCE RM project has restored the linac to high power capability after the power tube manufacturer could no longer provide triodes that consistently met our high average power requirement. Diacrodes® now supply RF power to two of the four DTL tanks. These tetrodes reuse the existing infrastructure including water-cooling systems, coaxial transmission lines, high voltage power supplies and capacitor banks. The power amplifier system uses a combined pair of LANL-designed cavity amplifiers using the TH628L Diacrode® to produce up to 3.5 MW peak and 420 kW of mean power. Design and prototype testing was completed in 2012, with commercialization following in 2013. The first installation was completed in 2014 and a second installed system is ready to test. The remaining replacement will follow in 2016. Meanwhile, there is a hybrid of old/new amplifiers until the changeover is complete. Operating results of the replacement system are summarized, along with observations from the rapid--paced installation project.

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THPF027

Ten Gap Model of a New Alvarez DTL Cavity at GSI

simulation, cavity, ion, impedance

3748

A. Seibel, O.K. Kester
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
X. Du, L. Groening, S. Mickat
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

In order to meet the challenges of the FAIR project at GSI requiring highest beam intensities an upgrade of the existing Universal Linear Accelerator (UNILAC) is planned. The 10⁸ MHz cavities will be replaced by new rf-structures of the same frequency. Simulations are done to improve the rf-properties. The geometry of the drift tubes is to be changed to a smoother curvature to reach a homogeneous surface field distribution and higher shunt impedances. To check the necessity of cooling channels, simulations on the temperature distribution at the drift tubes and stems are conducted. A test bench for low power rf-measurements with a 10 gap aluminum model (scale 1:3) is under construction. The modular mechanical design of the model will allow probing experimentally a wide range of drift tube and stem geometries. With the bead pull method the electrical field distribution will be measured as well as the field stability with respect to parasitic modes. Additionally, appropriate locations along the cavity to place fixed and dynamic rf-frequency tuners will be determined.

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THPF040

Recent Progress of the Beam Commissioning in J-PARC Linac

linac, rfq, emittance, simulation

3789

T. Maruta, Y. Liu
KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
K. Futatsukawa, T. Miyao
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Ikegami
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
A. Miura
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

J-PARC linac iis replaced the front-end in the summer shutdown in year 2014 to extend the maximum peak current to 50 mA from 30 mA. By the combination with the energy upgrade conducted in year 2013, it becomes possible to achieve the design beam energy of 133 kW, which is corresponding to 1 MW at the extraction of 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Sychrotron (RCS). The beam commissioning after the replacement started at Sep./27, and we can successfully accelerate the beam at peak current of 30 mA and 50 mA. In this presentation, we introduce the resent progress of the beam commissioning of the J-PARC linac.

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THPF049

The Simulation and Manufacture of the Room Temperature Cross-bar H Type Drift Tube Linac

cavity, impedance, proton, rfq

3811

J.H. Li
China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Z. Li
SCU, Chengdu, People's Republic of China

Funding: This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC).
The room temperature Cross-bar H Type Drift Tube Linac (CH-DTL) is one of the candidate acceleration structures working in CW mode. In order to optimize the parameters, the 3 dimensional electromagnetic field of the CH-DTL cavity is simulated. The method of parameter sweeping with constraint variable is better than the method of parameter sweeping with only one variable during the optimization. In order to simplify the manufacture, the drift tube surface can be designed as spherical shape. The effective shunt impedance of the CH-DTL cavity with cylinder end cup is better than that with cone cup.

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THPF050

Applications of Beam Parameter Measurements in Transport Lines at CSNS

linac, optics, beam-transport, factory

3815

Z.P. Li, L. Huang, Y. Li, J. Peng, S. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Several XAL-based applications for parameter measurements in Medium Energy Beam Transport line (MEBT) and Linac to Ring Beam Transport line (LRBT) at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) have been developed. Algorithms and functions of these applications are introduced in this paper. Real Machine tests are carried out in the MEBT commissioning.

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THPF060

The Simulation Study of Space Charge Effects for CSNS Linac

emittance, space-charge, focusing, simulation

3833

Y. Yuan, L. Huang, J. Peng, S. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high intensity accelerator based facility. Its accelerator consists of an H⁻ injector and a proton Rapid Cycling Synchrotron. The injector includes the front end and linac. The RFQ accelerates the beam to 3MeV, and then DTL accelerates it to 80MeV. The space charge effect is the most important cause of emittance growth and beam loss due to the low beam energy and the high peak current. The paper performed simulation studies on the space charge effects at the LINAC by using three-dimensional code IMPACT-Z. The emittance evolution is studied in the point of view of the singe-particle dynamics and multi-particle dynamics with different peak beam current. The effect of mismatch is studied by simulation, and the emittance growth with different mismatch factor are given.

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THPF078

Effect of the Field Maps on the Beam Dynamics of the ESS Drift Tube Linac

emittance, klystron, focusing, linac

3864

R. De Prisco, M. Eshraqi, Y.I. Levinsen, R. Miyamoto, E. Sargsyan
ESS, Lund, Sweden
A.R. Karlsson
Lund University, Lund, Sweden

In the beam dynamic design and modelling of the European Spallation Source (ESS) Drift Tube Linac (DTL) simplified models have been used for the focusing and accelerating structures. Since the high current requires precise control of the beam to minimise the losses it is useful to analyse the beam dynamics by using accurate field maps of the focusing and accelerating structures. In this paper the effects of the 3D-field maps on the beam dynamics of the ESS DTL are presented.

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THPF085

Beam Commissioning of Linac4 up to 12 MeV

linac, emittance, diagnostics, quadrupole

3886

V.A. Dimov, E. Belli, G. Bellodi, J.-B. Lallement, A.M. Lombardi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Yarmohammadi Satri
IPM, Tehran, Iran

CERN Linac4 is made of a 3 MeV front end including a 45 keV source , a 3 MeV Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) and a fast chopper, followed by a 50 MeV Drift Tube Linac (DTL), a 100 MeV Cell-Coupled Drift Tube Linac (CCDTL) and a 160 MeV Pi-Mode Structure (PIMS). The Linac4 beam commissioning is performed in 6 stages of increasing energy. Movable beam diagnostics benches, with various instruments, are used at each step to allow the detailed characterisation of operational parameters that will play a key role in the overall future performance. The first three stages of the commissioning, up to 12 MeV beam energy, have been completed at the end of 2014. The RFQ and the chopper line at 3 MeV, as well as the first tank of the DTL at 12 MeV were fully characterised, using permanent diagnostic instruments and a movable diagnostic bench equipped with a spectrometer, a slit-grid emittance meter, a Bunch Shape Monitor, Beam Position Monitors and a laser-emittance device. This paper reports on the strategy and the results of the commissioning up to 12 MeV. It also presents the validation of the set-up strategy, which is essential for the next stages of commissioning.

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THPF092

European Spallation Source Lattice Design Status

linac, lattice, target, quadrupole

3911

Y.I. Levinsen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
H. Danared, R. De Prisco, M. Eshraqi, R. Miyamoto, M. Muñoz, A. Ponton, E. Sargsyan
ESS, Lund, Sweden
S.P. Møller, H.D. Thomsen
ISA, Aarhus, Denmark

The European Spallation Source will offer an unprecedented beam power for spallation sources of 5 MW. The accelerator will deliver a proton beam of 62.5 mA peak current and 2.0 GeV onto the spallation target. Since the technical design report (TDR) was published in 2013, work has continued to further optimize the accelerator design. We report on the advancements in lattice design optimizations after the TDR to improve performance and flexibility, and reduce cost of the ESS accelerator.

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THPF106

Review of Linac Upgrade Options for the ISIS Spallation Neutron Source

linac, neutron, proton, cavity

3962

D.C. Plostinar, C.R. Prior, G.H. Rees
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The ISIS Spallation Neutron Source at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory has recently celebrated 30 years of neutron production. However, with increasing demand for improved reliability and higher beam power it has become clear that a machine upgrade is necessary in the medium to long term. One of the upgrade options is to replace the existing 70 MeV H⁻ injector. In this paper we review the ongoing upgrade programme and highlight three linac upgrade scenarios now under study. The first option is to keep the existing infrastructure and replace the current linac with a higher frequency, more efficient machine. This would allow energies in excess of 100 MeV to be achieved in the same tunnel length. A second option is to replace the current linac with a new 180 MeV linac, requiring a new tunnel. A third option is part of a larger upgrade scenario and involves the construction of an 800 MeV superconducting linac.

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THPF150

3D Electromagnetic and Beam Dynamics Modeling of the LANSCE Drift-Tube Linac

simulation, beam-losses, linac, rfq

4079

S.S. Kurennoy, Y.K. Batygin
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

The LANSCE drift-tube linac (DTL) accelerates the proton or H⁻ beam to 100 MeV. It consists of four tanks containing tens of drift tubes and post-couplers; for example, tank 2 is almost 20 m long and has 66 cells. We have developed 3D models of full tanks [1] in the DTL with CST Studio to accurately calculate the tank modes, their sensitivity to post-coupler positions and tilts, tuner effects, and RF-coupler influence. Electromagnetic analysis of the DTL tank models is performed using MicroWave Studio (MWS). The full-tank analysis allows tuning the field profile of the operating mode and adjusting the frequencies of the neighboring modes within a realistic CST model. Beam dynamics is modeled with Particle Studio for bunch trains with realistic initial beam distributions using the MWS-calculated and tuned RF fields and quadrupole magnetic fields to determine the output beam parameters and locations of particle losses.
* S.S. Kurennoy, LINAC14, Geneva, Switzerland, 2014, MOPP106.

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