EPAC 2006 - List of Keywords

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Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPCH009	The BESSY 2nd Generation Soft X-ray FEL User Facility	FEL, radiation, undulator, laser	65
	J. Knobloch BESSY GmbH, Berlin
	Future VUV-to-soft-X-ray FEL facilities promise to open fundamentally new frontiers for the synchrotron user community. So-called 2nd generation FELs, which use seeded schemes rather than SASE, can deliver reproducible ultra-short photon pulses at an energy level of mJ/pulse. BESSY has been designing a High-Gain-Harmonic-Generation (HGHG) based FEL with a 2.3 GeV superconducting driver linac that covers photon energies from 24 eV to 1 keV. The design provides full tuneability of photon energy, variable beam polarization and complete synchronization to external lasers—all essential for future femtosecond, time-resolved pump-probe experiments. Also, the CW linac offers great flexibility for the repetition rates and pulse patterns. BESSY-organized User Workshops helped identify the user requirements for such an FEL. This information provided the basis for the Technical Design Report that was submitted to the German Wissenschaftsrat in 2004, which then held an on-site review in 2005. Meanwhile, preparatory studies continue at BESSY. They include start-to-end simulations, tolerance studies, and the development of superconducting RF technology in the HoBiCaT test facility.

MOPCH019	Baseline Design of the Linac Upgrade for Fermi	linac, FEL, laser, ELETTRA	92
	G. D'Auria, P. Craievich, P. Delgiusto, S. Di Mitri, M. Ferianis, M.M. Milloch, G.C. Pappas, G. Penco, M. Trovo ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste L.R. Doolittle, A. Ratti LBNL, Berkeley, California
	The FERMI FEL requires a major upgrade of the existing linac, which needs to be transformed from being the injector for the ELETTRA light source, to becoming the source for the FERMI FEL. In this work, we present the baseline design, including the integration of the 7 additional systems from the LIL linac, and one X-band station as linearizers. We will present the new layout with the required modifications and additions to the existing infrastructure to meet the more demanding needs of the system. Such modifications include a new RF controller, improvements in the modulator stability and an upgrade to the average power capabilities of the system to operate at 50 Hz. Test results from the characterization of the existing systems will be included, as well as plans for future development.

MOPCH026	A Biperiodic X-band RF Cavity for SPARC	coupling, simulation, SLAC, scattering	101
	L. Ficcadenti, M.E. Esposito, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo Rome University La Sapienza, Roma D. Alesini, B. Spataro INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) A. Bacci INFN-Milano, Milano
	The Frascati photo-injector SPARC (Pulsed Self Amplified Coherent Radiation Source) will be equipped with an X-band RF cavity for linearizing emittance to enhance bunch compression and for reducing bunch longitudinal energy spread. A biperiodic cavity working on the pi/2-mode offers some advantages in comparison to a conventional (periodic) cavity despite the need of accurate machining. A copper prototype made of 17 separated cells has been built following numerical simulation. In this paper we report on preliminary measurements of its RF properties. The main characteristics of the cooling system for the final device are also addressed.

MOPCH097	CERN Proton Synchrotron Working Point Control Using an Improved Version of the Pole-face-windings and Figure-of-eight Loop Powering	power-supply, CERN, injection, synchrotron	264
	R.R. Steerenberg, J.-P. Burnet, M. Giovannozzi, O. Michels, E. Métral, B. Vandorpe CERN, Geneva
	The working point of the CERN Proton Synchrotron, which is equipped with combined function magnets, is controlled using pole-face-windings. Each main magnet consists of one focusing and one de-focusing half-unit on which four pole-face-winding plates are mounted containing two separate coils each, called narrow and wide. At present they are connected in series, but can be powered independently. In addition, a winding called the figure-of-eight loop, contours the pole faces and crosses between the two half units, generating opposite fields in each half-unit. The four optical parameters, horizontal and vertical tune and chromaticity, are adjusted by acting on the pole-face-winding currents in both half units and in the figure-of-eight loop, leaving one physical quantity free. The power supply consolidation project opened the opportunity to use five independent power supplies, to adjust the four parameters plus an additional degree of freedom. This paper presents the results of the measurements that have been made in the five-current mode together with the influence of the magnetic nonlinearities, due to the unbalance in the narrow and wide winding currents, on the beam dynamics.

MOPCH098	LHC@FNAL: A Remote Access Center for the LHC at Fermilab	LHC, CERN, monitoring, luminosity	267
	E.S. McCrory, K.B. Biery, E.G. Gottschalk, S.G. Gysin, E.R. Harms, S.K. Kunori, M.J. Lamm, K.M. Maeshima, P.M. McBride, A.J. Slaughter, A.D. Thomas Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois M. Lamont CERN, Geneva
	A facility is being designed at Fermilab to help people contribute to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) effort at CERN. This facility is called LHC@FNAL. The purpose of LHC@FNAL is to permit members of the LHC community in North America contribute their expertise to LHC activities at CERN, and to assist CERN with the commissioning and operation of the LHC accelerator and CMS experiment. As a facility, LHC@FNAL has three primary functions: 1) To provide access to information in a manner that is similar to what is available in control rooms at CERN, and to enable members of the LHC community to participate remotely in LHC and CMS activities. 2) To serve as a (bidirectional) communications conduit between CERN and members of the LHC community located in North America. 3. To allow visitors to Fermilab to see firsthand how research is progressing at the LHC. Visitors will be able to see current LHC activities, and will be able to see how future international projects in particle physics can benefit from active participation in projects at remote locations. LHC@FNAL is expected to contribute to a wide range of activities for the CMS experiment and for the LHC accelerator.

MOPCH114	Progress on Dual Harmonic Acceleration on the ISIS Synchrotron	acceleration, synchrotron, proton, power-supply	309
	A. Seville, D.J. Adams, D. Bayley, N.E. Farthing, I.S.K. Gardner, M.G. Glover, A. Morris, B.G. Pine, J.W.G. Thomason, C.M. Warsop CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	The ISIS facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK is currently the most intense pulsed, spallation, neutron source. The accelerator consists of a 70 MeV H^- Linac and an 800 MeV, 50 Hz, rapid cycling, proton Synchrotron. The synchrotron beam intensity is 2.5·10¹³ protons per pulse, corresponding to a mean current of 200 μA. The synchrotron beam is accelerated using six, ferrite loaded, RF cavities with harmonic number 2. Four additional, harmonic number 4, cavities have been installed to increase the beam bunching factor with the potential of raising the operating current to 300 μA. As ISIS has a busy user schedule the time available for dual harmonic work has been limited. However, much progress has been made in the last year and encouraging results have been obtained. This paper reports on the hardware commissioning and beam tests with dual harmonic acceleration.

MOPCH118	Wideband Low-output-impedance RF System for the Second Harmonic Cavity in the ISIS Synchrotron	impedance, synchrotron, beam-loading, acceleration	321
	Y. Irie JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken D. Bayley, G.M. Cross, I.S.K. Gardner, M.G. Glover, D. Jenkins, A. Morris, A. Seville, S.P. Stoneham, J.W.G. Thomason, T. Western CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon J.C. Dooling, D. Horan, R. Kustom, M.E. Middendorf, G. Pile ANL, Argonne, Illinois S. Fukumoto, M. Muto, T. Oki, A. Takagi, S. Takano KEK, Ibaraki
	Wideband low-output-impedance RF system for the second harmonic cavity in the ISIS synchrotron has been developed by the collaboration between Argonne National Laboratory, US, KEK, Japan and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK. Low output impedance is realized by the feedback from plate output to grid input of the final triode amplifier, resulting in less than 30 ohms over the frequency range of 2.7 - 6.2 MHz which is required for the second harmonic cavity. The vacuum tubes in the driver and final stages are both operated in class A, and a grid bias switching system is used on each tube to avoid unnecessary plate dissipations during a non-acceleration cycle. High power test was performed with a ferrite-loaded second harmonic cavity, where the bias current was swept at 50 Hz repetition rate. The maximum voltage of 12kV peak per accelerating gap was obtained stably at earlier period of an acceleration cycle. A beam test with this system is planned at the ISIS synchrotron in order to investigate how the low impedance system works under heavy beam loading conditions, and is capable of mitigating the space charge detuning at the RF trapping stage.

MOPCH140	Compensation of Lorentz Force Detuning of a TTF 9-cell Cavity with a New Integrated Piezo Tuner	TTF, klystron, feedback, resonance	378
	G. Devanz, P. Bosland, M. Desmons, E. Jacques, M. Luong, B. Visentin CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	The high gradient operation of superconducting elliptical multicells in pulsed mode is required for linear colliders or free-electron lasers based on the superconducting technology. Such an operation is limited by dynamic Lorentz force detuning if no compensation for this effect is attempted. The RF power headroom required for accelerating field amplitude and phase stabilisation by low-level RF control techniques solely would be too costly. A new active tuner with integrated piezo actuators has been developped in the framework of the european CARE/SRF program solve this issue. The design is based on the lever-arm concept of the Saclay tuner already installed on running TTF cavities. We have carried out integrated tests of the 9-cell cavity equipped with the piezo tuner and power coupler in the CryHoLab horizontal test cryostat. Characterisation of the electromechanical system consisting of the cavity and piezo-tuner assembly and full power pulsed tests will be presented.

MOPCH142	Commissioning of the SOLEIL RF Systems	SOLEIL, cryogenics, CERN, vacuum	384
	P. Marchand, H.D. Dias, M.D. Diop, M.E. El Ajjouri, J.L. Labelle, R.L. Lopes, M. Louvet, C.M. Monnot, J. Polian, F. Ribeiro, T. Ruan, R.S. Sreedharan, K. Tavakoli, C. Thomas-Madec SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette P. Bosland, P. Bredy CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	The 352 MHz RF accelerating systems for the SOLEIL Booster (BO) and Storage Ring (SR) are being commissioned. In the BO a 5-cell copper cavity of the CERN-LEP type is powered with a 35kW solid state amplifier. In the SR the required RF accelerating voltage (up to 4.4MV) will be provided by two cryomodules, each containing a pair of superconducting cavities, specifically designed for SOLEIL. The parasitic impedances of the high order modes are strongly attenuated by means of four coaxial couplers, located on the tube connecting the two cavities. The first cryomodule is already installed in the SR tunnel, while the second one is being constructed by ACCEL (Germany). These cryomodules are supplied in liquid helium from a single 350W liquefier and each cavity is powered with a 190kW solid state amplifier. The RF system commissioning and first operation results are reported.

MOPCH146	Status of the Beta 0.12 Superconducting Cryomodule Development for the Spiral2 Project	SPIRAL2, cryogenics, linac, alignment	396
	H. Saugnac, J.-L. Biarrotte, S. Blivet, S. Bousson, C. Commeaux, C. Joly, T. Junquera, J. Lesrel, fl. Lutton, G. Martinet, G. Olry, P. Szott IPN, Orsay
	SPIRAL2 is a radioactive beams facility, composed of a superconducting linac driver, delivering deuterons with an energy up to 40 MeV (5 mA) and heavy ions with an energy of 14.5 MeV/u (1 mA). This facility is now fully approved by the French government. IPN Orsay is in charge of the study and manufacture of the beta 0.12 cryomodule of the superconducting LINAC. These cryomodule, designed for an overall cryogenic power of 30 W at 4.2 K, is composed of two quarter wave type 88 MHz rf resonator providing a minimum of 6.5 MV/m with a quality factor of 1 10 9, two tuning mechanisms controlling the resonator frequency and an alignment system allowing to adjust the cavity position with a ± 1 mm accuracy. Several tests performed on a first resonator prototype fabricated by the "Ettore Zanon SpA" Company, have validated the cavity and its auxiliary components design. A first cryomodule fully equipped (cavities, cryostat, tuning and alignment systems), planned to be tested at the beginning of 2007, is under manufacturing. The details of the cryomodule design and the resonator tests results are discussed in the paper.

MOPCH147	Developments in Conditioning Procedures for the TTF-III Power Couplers	vacuum, DESY, electron, monitoring	399
	H. Jenhani, T. Garvey, P. Lepercq, M. Omeich, C.P. Prevost, V. Variola LAL, Orsay
	Despite extensive experience in many laboratories on power conditioning of couplers for RF superconducting accelerators, it is still not a well understood procedure and can produce many unpredictable phenomena. There remains considerable interest in reducing the power coupler conditioning time necessary for superconducting linear accelerators. This paper presents studies of optimisation of the conditioning procedure for the couplers intended for use on the European XFEL project.

MOPCH148	First RF Tests in the HoBiCaT Superconducting Test Facility at BESSY	vacuum, TESLA, cryogenics, electron	402
	O. Kugeler, W. Anders, J. Borninkhof, H.G. Hoberg, S. Klauke, J. Knobloch, M. Martin, G. Mielczarek, A. Neumann, D. Pflückhahn, S. Rotterdam, M. Schuster, T. Westphal BESSY GmbH, Berlin
	In preparation for the construction of the BESSY-FEL User Facility, BESSY recently completed the installation of the HoBiCaT cryogenic test facility for superconducting RF (SRF) TESLA cavity units, including all ancillary devices (helium tank, input coupler, tuner, magnetic shielding). It is designed to house two such units in a configuration similar to that envisaged for the superconducting CW linac of the BESSY FEL. Commissioning of the facility is now complete and the first TTF-III RF coupler and cavity unit have been tested. In particular, the complete production, cleaning and assembly of the cavity unit was carried out by industry. These tests thus serve as a first step at qualifying industrial partners for series production of such systems, which will be essential for the future construction of SRF based light sources. Results will be presented.

MOPCH150	Characterization of a Piezo-based Microphonics Compensation System at HoBiCaT	resonance, TESLA, FEL, linac	408
	A. Neumann, W. Anders, S. Klauke, J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler, M. Schuster BESSY GmbH, Berlin
	In the superconducting driver linac for the BESSY FEL, piezo actuators will be utilized to rapidly counteract the detuning of the cavity resonance caused by nm mechanical oscillations (microphonics). This is of importance to guarantee field stability and lower the power consumption of the RF system for the superconducting cavities. To design a suitable compensator, mechanical and electro-mechanical transfer functions, as well as the tuning range of the system under operating conditions have been measured and will be presented.

MOPCH151	Pulsed RF System for the ELBE Superconducting Accelerator	ELBE, klystron, DESY, vacuum	411
	A. Buechner, F.G. Gabriel FZR/FWFE, Dresden H. Buettig, U. Lehnert, P. Michel, Ch. Schneider, R. Schurig FZR, Dresden
	The RF system for the ELBE accelerator was originally designed for CW mode. Although this works problem-free tests have shown that it is possible to reach higher gradients in the TESLA cavities with a pulsed RF system. The new RF system will be presented together with measurements of the achievable gradients. Roughly 30% higher gradients could now be used in pulsed mode. As positive side effects the radiation by field emission is reduced by the duty cycle and an easy in situ RF conditioning of cavities and coupler windows is possible.

MOPCH152	A Pulsed-RF High-power Processing Effect of Superconducting Niobium Cavities observed at the ELBE Linear Accelerator	ELBE, radiation, resonance, linac	413
	U. Lehnert, H. Buettig, P. Michel, Ch. Schneider, R. Schurig FZR, Dresden A. Buechner, F.G. Gabriel FZR/FWFE, Dresden
	The driver LINAC of the ELBE radiation source is built for cw operation. However, in some cases a pulsed-mode operation was desired to extend the otherwise stringent gradient limits. The main restriction results from field emission that decreases the Q of the cavities which was evaluated from measurements of the liquid helium consumption. After pulsed-mode operation with gradients exceeding the maximum cw accelerating gradients by 30–40\% a significant reduction in the field emission was observed. This in turn allows higher accelerating gradients to be used in cw as well. We attribute this behaviour to an rf-processing of the cavity surface which burns off field emitters.

MOPCH154	Dry-ice Cleaning on SRF Cavities	superconductivity, DESY, linac, vacuum	418
	A. Brinkmann, J.I. Iversen, D. Reschke, J. Ziegler DESY, Hamburg
	High pressure rinsing with ultra-pure water is the well-proven standard cleaning step after chemical or electrochemical surface treatment of SRF cavities. Dry-ice cleaning (DIC) is a powerful additional cleaning option which depends on the sublimation-impulse method. Particles and film contaminations, especially hydro-carbons, are removed without residues. Furthermore DIC offers the possibility of a final horizontal cleaning of a fully equipped cavity because water is not present in the cleaning process. Horizontal cleaning tests on single-cell cavities showed promising high gradient, high Q-value performances, but field emission is still the limiting effect. On the basis of these tests a new IR-heater module is installed to keep a high temperature gradient between the CO2 jet and the cavity surface. New test results for this optimized cleaning set-up will be presented.

MOPCH155	Performance Limitations of Tesla Cavities in the Flash Accelerator and their Relation to the Assembly Process	vacuum, TESLA, DESY, pick-up	421
	L. Lilje DESY, Hamburg
	Several accelerator modules with superconducting cavities have been assembled for TTF. The paper reviews the performance of these structures and will try to correlate their performance to information about the assembly process. In some cases a performace degradation could be attributed to problems in this process. The introduction of additional quality control steps improved accelerator module performance. For example, the more recently assembled modules have shown the expected acceleration gradients and no vacuum leaks.

MOPCH162	RF Requirements for the 4GLS Linac Systems	linac, ERL, acceleration, electron	439
	P.A. McIntosh, C.D. Beard, D.M. Dykes, A.J. Moss CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	The 4GLS facility at Daresbury will combine energy recovery linac (ERL) and free electron laser (FEL) technologies to deliver a suite of naturally synchronised state-of-the-art sources of synchrotron radiation and FEL radiation covering the terahertz (THz) to soft X-ray regimes. CW-mode operation at high acceleration gradients are needed for the various 4GLS accelerator systems and here is where Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities excel. Since resistive losses in the cavity walls increase as the square of the accelerating voltage, conventional copper cavities become uneconomical when the demand for high CW voltage grows with particle energy requirements. After accounting for the refrigeration power needed to provide the liquid helium operating temperature, a net power gain of several hundred remains for SRF over conventional copper cavities. This paper details the RF requirements for each of the SRF accelerating stages of the 4GLS facility, outlining techniques necessary to cope with CW-mode operation and HOM power generation.

MOPCH164	Status of the Diamond Storage Ring Radio Frequency System	DIAMOND, storage-ring, pick-up, power-supply	445
	M. Jensen, M. Maddock, S.A. Pande, S. Rains, A. F. Rankin, D. Spink, A.V. Watkins Diamond, Oxfordshire J. Alex, M. Mueller Thomson Broadcast & Multimedia AG, Turgi B. A. Aminov CRE, Wuppertal M. Pekeler ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
	The installation and commissioning of the Diamond Storage Ring RF system is nearing completion. Diamond will initially operate with two RF high power amplifiers and two cavities. The key components in each RF system are a 300 kW amplifier implemented through the combination of four 80 kW IOTs, a 500 MHz superconducting cavity providing up to 2 MV of accelerating voltage and an advanced analogue IQ Low Level RF (LLRF) system to control the cavity frequency, voltage and phase. We present here an update on the recent installation and early commissioning results of the RF systems.

MOPCH179	Design of a New Electropolishing System for SRF Cavities	DESY, KEK, TESLA, LANL	484
	T. Tajima LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico C. Boffo Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois M.P. Kelly ANL, Argonne, Illinois J. Mammosser Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
	Electropolishing (EP) is considered the baseline surface treatment for Superconducting RF (SRF) cavities to achieve >35 MV/m accelerating gradient for the International Linear Collider (ILC). Based on the lessons learned at the forerunners such as KEK/Nomura, DESY and JLAB and on the recent studies, we have started a new design of the next EP system that will be installed in the US. This paper presents requirements, specifications, and the detail of the system design as well as the path forward towards the future industrialization.

MOPCH181	1.3 GHz Electrically-controlled Fast Ferroelectric Tuner	coupling, TESLA, feedback, klystron	487
	V.P. Yakovlev Omega-P, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut J.L. Hirshfield Yale University, Physics Department, New Haven, CT S. Kazakov KEK, Ibaraki
	A fast, electrically-controlled tuner is described with parameters suitable for operation with the 9-cell SC accelerator structure of ILC. The tuner is based on a magic tee and two phase shifters that contain ferroelectric rings. The dielectric constant of the ferroelectric ring is altered by applying a 4.2 kV DC pulse that provides an RF phase shift from 0 deg to 180 deg. This, in turn allows a change of the input signal amplitude from zero to its maximum value, or a change in phase from 0 deg to 360 deg during the RF pulse. It is shown that the possibility of changing the cavity coupling to the input line during the RF pulse allows significant RF power savings, up to 12.5 MW for the 800 GeV ILC option. In addition, fast electrically-tuned amplitude and phase control with a feed-back system should be useful to compensate for possible phase deviations of the input RF fields in each cavity of ILC to match the cavity with the feeding transmission line as the beam load varies.

MOPCH184	Plasma Treatment of Bulk Niobium Surfaces for SRF Cavities	plasma, cathode, electron, ion	493
	L. Vuskovic, S. Popovic, M. Raskovic ODU, Norfolk, Virginia L. Godet, S.B. Radovanov VSEA, Gloucester, Maryland H.L. Phillips, A-M. Valente-Feliciano Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
	Cavity surface preparation has been one of the major problems in superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) accelerator technology. Accelerator performance depends directly on the physical and chemical characteristics at the SRF cavity surface. The primary objective of our work is to explore the effects of various types of electric discharge plasmas to minimize surface roughness and eliminate or minimize deterioration of cavity properties by oxygen, hydrogen and other chemical contaminants. To optimize the plasma etching process, samples of bulk Nb are being exposed to three types of electrical discharge in various experimental set-ups. The surface quality obtained by the three methods was compared with samples treated with buffer chemical polishing techniques. Surface comparisons are made using digital imaging (optical) microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. In preliminary tests, samples compared with those treated conventionally have shown comparable or superior properties. Tests have also shown that surface quality varies with plasma conditions and their optimization to obtain the best SRF cavity surface is a major goal of the ongoing work.

MOPCH192	Operation of a Helium Cryogenic System for a Superconducting Cavity in an Electron Storage Ring	cryogenics, superconducting-magnet, electron, storage-ring	511
	F. Z. Hsiao, S.-H. Chang, W.-S. Chiou, H.C. Li NSRRC, Hsinchu
	A 500 MHz superconducting cavity maintaining the energy of electrons in the storage ring of TLS light source started from the year 2005. A helium system dedicated to keep the niobium cavity at 4.5 K has begun its operation since the year 2003. The cryogenic system provides maximum refrigeration of 469 W or liquefaction rate of 134 l/hr. The constraint from the superconducting cavity leads to specific features of the cryogenic system. This paper presents the operation of the cryogenic system as the superconducting cavity at different conditions. The interaction in between the cryogenic system and the superconducting cavity and the constraints on the starting and shutdown of the cryogenic system are indicated.

MOPCH193	SNS 2.1K Cold Box Turn-down Studies	cryogenics, SNS, linac, SLAC	514
	F. Casagrande, P.A. Gurd, D.R. Hatfield, M.P. Howell, W.H. Strong ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee D. Arenius, J. Creel, V. Ganni, P. Knudsen Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
	The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is nearing completion. The cold section of the Linac consists of 81 superconducting radio frequency cavities cooled to 2.1K by a 2400 watt cryogenic refrigeration system. The 2.1K cold box consists of four stages of centrifugal compressors with LN2-cooled variable speed electric motors and magnetic bearings. The cryogenic system successfully supported the Linac beam commissioning at both 4.2K and 2.1K and has been fully operational since June 2005. This paper describes the control principles utilized and the experimental results obtained for the SNS cold compressors turn-down capability to about 30% of the design flow, and possible limitation of the frequency dependent power factor of the cold compressor electric motors, which was measured for the first time during commissioning. These results helped to support the operation of the Linac over a very broad and stable cold compressor operating flow range (refrigeration capacity) and pressure. This in turn helped to optimise the cryogenic system operating parameters, minimizing the utilities and improving the system reliability and availability.

MOPCH196	Diamond Storage Ring Remote Alignment System	alignment, survey, storage-ring, DIAMOND	523
	I.P.S. Martin, A.I. Bell, A. Gonias, N.P. Hammond, J. Kay, D. Wilson Diamond, Oxfordshire
	The 24 cell Diamond Storage Ring is 561.6m in circumference and is mounted on 72 support girders, the largest of which are 6m long and weigh 17 Tonnes. Each girder can be remotely positioned in 5 axes using a system of motorised cams. This system has been designed to enable the future remote realignment of the Storage Ring using beam based alignment techniques. The system is described in detail including the mechanical and electrical components of the system as well as a description of the alignment algorithms employed and how these have been incorporated into the control system.

MOPLS005	A Staged Approach to LHC Commissioning	LHC, instrumentation, CERN, vacuum	538
	R. Bailey, O.S. Brüning, P. Collier, M. Lamont, R.J. Lauckner, R. Schmidt CERN, Geneva
	After a brief reminder of the performance goals of the LHC, the overall strategy proposed for commissioning the machine with protons is presented. A thorough commissioning of the LHC hardware systems, presently ongoing, will lead into a staged approach for the first two years of operation with the beam, allowing both the complexity of the machine operation and the destructive power of the high intensity beams to be introduced in a controlled, incremental manner. The demands on the annual machine schedule are discussed, including the need to incorporate dedicated running for ions and proton-proton total cross section measurements. An important pre-commissioning milestone is the injection of the beam into a sector of the partially completed LHC; the motivation and tests planned are briefly summarised.

MOPLS012	The LHC Sector Test	LHC, injection, instrumentation, radiation	559
	M. Lamont, R. Bailey, H. Burkhardt, B. Goddard, L.K. Jensen, O.R. Jones, V. Kain, A. Koschik, R.I. Saban, J.A. Uythoven, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva
	The proposal to inject beam into a sector of the partially completed LHC is presented. The test will provide an important milestone, force preparation of a number of key systems, and allow a number of critical measurements with beam. The motivation for the test is discussed, along with the proposed beam studies, the radiation issues and the potential impact on ongoing installation. The demands on the various accelerator systems implicated are presented along with the scheduling of the preparatory steps, the test itself and the recovery phase.

MOPLS015	Quality Control Techniques Applied to the Large Scale Production of Superconducting Dipole Magnets for LHC	LHC, CERN, dipole, target	568
	F. Savary, M. Bajko, J. Beauquis, G. De Rijk, N. Emelianenko, P. Fessia, P. Hagen, J. Miles, L. Rossi, E. Todesco, J. Vlogaert, C. Vollinger, E.Y. Wildner CERN, Geneva
	The LHC accelerator, under construction at CERN, is characterized by the use on a large scale of high field superconducting dipoles: the 27-km ring requires 1232 15-m long dipole magnets designed for a peak field of 9 T. The coils are wound with Rutherford-type cable based on copper-stabilized Nb-Ti superconductors and will be operated at 1.9 K in pressurized superfluid helium. The challenge that had to be faced has been an efficient, cost-effective and reproducible mass production to very tight tolerances: the field quality must be better than 10^-4 and the geometry of the cold bore tube and magnet controlled to 0.1 mm over the whole length, any deviation being liable to induce delays and significant cost increase. This paper presents the main methods and tools chosen to face successfully this challenge: some methods were foreseen in the technical specification, others were implemented based on the experience gained in several years of fabrication.

MOPLS020	Rad-hard Luminosity Monitoring for the LHC	LHC, luminosity, radiation, CERN	580
	A. Ratti, J.-F. Beche, J.M. Byrd, K. Chow, S. De Santis, P. Denes, B. Ghiorso, H.S. Matis, M. T. Monroy, W.C. Turner LBNL, Berkeley, California E. Bravin CERN, Geneva P.F. Manfredi Pavia University, Engineering faculty, Pavia W. Vandelli Pavia University, Pavia
	Luminosity measurements at the high luminosity points of the LHC are very challenging due to the extremely high radiation levels in excess of 1 GGy/yr. We have designed an ionization chamber that uses a flowing gas mixture and a combination of metals and ceramics. With such a choice, an additonal challenge is achieving the necessary speed to be able to resolve bunch-by-bunch luminosity data. We present the design, analysis and experimental results of the early demonstration tests of this device.

MOPLS031	Beam Orbit Control System for the KEKB Crab Cavities	feedback, target, KEKB, damping	613
	M. Masuzawa, Y. Funakoshi, T.T. Nakamura, J.-I. Odagiri KEK, Ibaraki
	KEKB is an electron-positron collider with an 8 GeV electron ring (HER) and a 3.5 GeV positron ring (LER). The two beams currently collide at one interaction point with a finite horizontal crossing angle of 11 mrad. The design luminosity of 10 /nb/sec was first reached in May 2003 and the peak luminosity exceeded 16 /nb/sec in December 2005. Simulations predict a luminosity boost if a crab crossing scheme is introduced. The installation of two superconducting crab cavities, one in each ring, is scheduled in March 2006 in order to implement the crab crossing scheme. For stable operation, the horizontal beam position in the crab cavity must be carefully controlled. This is needed to avoid loss of control of the crabbing mode field due to beam loading. A beam position feedback system at the crab cavity has been prepared and tested. Its performance will be discussed in this report.

MOPLS081	A Study of Laser System Requirements for Application in Beam Diagnostics and Polarimetry at the ILC	laser, diagnostics, luminosity, optics	741
	S. Dixit, N. Delerue, K.J. Peach JAI, Oxford G.A. Blair, S.T. Boogert, G.E. Boorman, A. Bosco, C. Driouichi Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey A. Brachmann, J.C. Frisch, M.C. Ross SLAC, Menlo Park, California F.B. Foster, D.F. Howell, Q.G. Quelch, Q.M. Qureshi, A. Reichold OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon G.J. Hirst, I. N. Ross CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon V. Soskov, V. Variola, Z.F. Zomer LAL, Orsay J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki
	Advanced laser systems will be essential for a range of diagnostics devices at the ILC. High average power, excellent stability and reliability will be crucial in order to deliver the information required to attain the necessary ILC luminosity. The key parameters are listed together with the R&D required to achieve the necessary laser system performance.

MOPLS084	Experimental Comparison at KEK of High Gradient Performance of Different Single Cell Superconducting Cavity Designs	KEK, DESY, TESLA, superconductivity	750
	F. Furuta, Y. Higashi, T. Higo, I.H. Inoue, S. Kazakov, Y. Kobayashi, H. Matsumoto, Y. Morozumi, R.S. Orr, T. Saeki, K. Saito, K. Ueno, H. Yamaoka KEK, Ibaraki J.S. Sekutowicz DESY, Hamburg
	We have performed a series of vertical tests of three different designs of single cell Niobium superconducting cavities at 2 degrees Kelvin. These tests aimed at establishing that an accelerating gradient of 45 MV/m could be reached in any of the designs, while using the standard KEK surface preparation. The designs tested were the Cornell re-entrant shape (RE), the DESY/KEK low loss shape (LL), and the KEK ICHIRO series. The cavities underwent surface preparation consisting of centrifugal barrel polishing, light chemical polishing, electropolishing, and finally a high pressure water rinse. All three kinds of cavities were used in a series of vertical tests to investigate details of the surface treatment. When using ultra-pure water for the high pressure rinse, the LL cavity reproducibly exceeded a gradient of 45 MV/m, the RE design reproducibly reached a gradient of between 50 MV/m and 52 MV/m, and three of the six ICHIRO cavities reached a gradient of between 45 MV/m and 49 MV/m.

TUYPA03	Developments in Beam Instrumentation and New Feedback Systems for the ILC	feedback, laser, damping, KEK	925
	H. Hayano KEK, Ibaraki
	This presentation will review the challenging beam properties that need to be measured and controlled and new diagnostic developments that address these challenges for ILC beam instrumentation.
	Transparencies

TUOAFI02	Design of a Treatment Control System for a Proton Therapy Facility	proton, cyclotron, radiation, target	958
	J.E. Katuin, J.C. Collins, C. Hagen, W. Manwaring, P. Zolnierczuk IUCF, Bloomington, Indiana
	The IUCF Proton Therapy System (PTS)is designed by Indiana University and operated by the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI) to deliver proton radiation treatment to patients with solid tumors or other diseases susceptible to radiation. PTS contains three Treatment Systems, each consisting of four subsystems: Beam Delivery, Dose Delivery, Patient Positioning and Treatments Control. These systems are implemented using different operating systems, control software, and hardware platforms. Therefore, IUCF developed an XML network communication protocol so that subsystems could issue commands to and receive feedback and status from other subsystems over a local area network (LAN). This protocol was also applied to the MPRI clinical database used to access patient treatment plans. The treatment control system was designed so that a single user interface could be used to deliver proton therapy. The use of the XML and the LAN allowed the software of the treatment control system to be designed such that the various systems are treated as objects with properties and methods. This approach not only simplified the overall design of the treatment control system, it also simplified the effort required for software validation, testing, and documentation.
	Transparencies

TUOBFI01	A Diagnostic Kicker System as a Versatile Tool for Storage Ring Characterisations	kicker, diagnostics, storage-ring, synchrotron	974
	O. Dressler, J. Feikes, J. Kolbe BESSY GmbH, Berlin
	For the BESSY II Synchrotron Light Source two diagnostic kicker systems including current pulsers were developed, allowing vertical and horizontal deflection of the stored beam. Synchronised with the revolution trigger, simultaneous pulsing of the systems kicks the stored beam in any transverse direction with a repetition rate of up to 10 Hz allowing a wide range of storage ring investigations. Examples are dynamic aperture measurements and frequency map measurements. Special efforts were made to assure the demands of high amplitude and time stability for this kind of experiments. The technical concept of the systems and the controlling of the measurements are described.
	Transparencies

TUOCFI03	RF Cavity with Co-based Amorphous Core	acceleration, impedance, synchrotron, feedback	983
	M. Kanazawa, T. Misu, A. Sugiura NIRS, Chiba-shi K. Katsuki Toshiba, Yokohama
	A compact acceleration cavity has been developed with new Co-based amorphous cores, which will be used in a dedicated synchrotron for cancer therapy. This core has high permeability that makes the cavity length short, and the cavity with no tuning system is possible with low Q-value of about 0.5. An acceleration cavity consists of two units that have a single acceleration gap at the center, and at the both side of the gap there are quarter wave coaxial resonators. Considering the requirements for easy operation, a transistor power supply was used instead of commonly used tetrode in the final stage RF amplifier. Each resonator has maximum impedance about 400? at 3MHz, and has been attached with 1:9 impedance transformer. In the frequency range from 0.4 to 8 MHz, the acceleration voltage of more than 4kV can be obtained with total input RF power of 8kW. With these performances, the cavity length is short as 1.5m. In this paper the structure of the cavity and their tested high power performances are presented.
	Transparencies

TUPCH014	Machine Protection by Active Current-transmission Control at GSI-UNILAC	UNILAC, GSI, ion, emittance	1025
	H. Reeg, J. Glatz, N. Schneider GSI, Darmstadt H. Walter Ing.-Buero H. Walter, Saulheim
	Toroidal beam current transformers (BCT) are installed at dedicated locations along the UNILAC accelerator. They provide an output signal with a fixed transimpedance. Dedicated signal pairs from consecutive transformers drive differential integrator stations. If preset protection levels are exceeded due to beam charge loss during the macro-pulse, fast interlock signals are generated. The actual beam pulse is instantaneously truncated by a fast beam chopper, avoiding any thermal damage or radio-activation of machine components. A new BCT macro-pulse selector/display is presently under construction, which will provide time structure observation of multiple UNILAC macro-pulses, as well as long-term data logging. The hardware is set up with PXI components from National Instruments, running a multi-client/server controller software under LabViewRT�. Offline-analysis of the accumulated BCT data is expected to improve the protection system's operation and reliability. An overview of the system layouts, technical details, and relevant operational results will be presented.

TUPCH015	Integrated Beam Diagnostics Systems for HICAT and CNAO	diagnostics, linac, GSI, ion	1028
	A. Reiter, A. Peters, M. Schwickert GSI, Darmstadt
	An integrated system for beam diagnostics was produced at GSI for the heavy-ion cancer treatment facility HICAT of the Heidelberg university clinics. A set of 92 manifold beam diagnostic devices allows automated measurements of the main beam parameters such as beam current, profile or energy. The beam diagnostic subsystem is completely integrated in the overall accelerator control system and its timing scheme. This paper reports on the underlying design patterns for the abstraction of the beam diagnostic devices towards the control system. Event-counting devices, i.e. scintillating counters and ionization chambers, are presented as examples of the diagnostic devices in the synchrotron and high-energy beam transport section of HICAT. Additionally, it is shown that the well-defined building blocks of the beam instrumentation made it possible to prepare almost identical devices including the manual control software, to be used in the CNAO facility (Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica) presently under construction in Pavia, Italy.

TUPCH018	Fast Beam Dynamics Investigation Based on an ADC Filling Pattern Measurement	CBM, synchrotron, diagnostics, storage-ring	1034
	J. Kettler, P. Hartmann, R.G. Heine, T. Weis DELTA, Dortmund
	A diagnostic tool to determine the longitudinal particle filling pattern has been installed at the 1.5 GeV electron storage ring DELTA. The instrument is PC-based using an ADC-conversion at a sampling rate of 2 GS/s and a nominal bandwidth of 1 GHz which is applied to the sumsignal of a single storage ring beam position monitor. By sampling over successive turns the resolution is enhanced by one order of magnitude allowing an easy access to the longitudinal particle distribution inside the ring. The data obtained turn-by-turn over hundreds of revolutions can be further analysed by FFT-techniques allowing a very fast detection (~ 1 s) of longitudinal coupled bunch mode (CBM) instabilities from the phase modulated spectrum. The application of the FFT to the amplitude modulated particle distribution moreover allows a "post mortem"-investigation of CBM induced beam loss. The paper will present the layout of the diagnostic system and will report on filling pattern measurements as well as on investigations of longitudinal CBM-instabilities.

TUPCH037	Development of Emittance Scanner Software for ISIS	emittance, ion-source, ion, target	1085
	C.M. Thomas, D.C. Faircloth CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	Horizontal and vertical Faraday cup and slit scanners are used on ISIS, the 800MeV pulsed neutron source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, to calculate the emittance of the beam. Software has been written in C++ to control the scanners, acquire and display beam data and compute an emittance value for the beam. The software allows the user more control, and has the ability to scan over a wider range, than was previously available.

TUPCH046	Performance of Global Diagnostics Systems during the Commissioning of Diamond	booster, storage-ring, DIAMOND, injection	1109
	G. Rehm, M.G. Abbott Diamond, Oxfordshire
	This paper summarises data acquired with beam diagnostics systems distributed globally through Diamond's Linac, transfer paths, booster and storage ring. It shows results from the electron beam position monitors using their capabilities to monitor transient events, the booster ramp as well as stored beam. The performance derived from real beam measurements is compared to measurements obtained in the lab using signal and pulse generators. Other systems of widespread use are screens and synchrotron light monitors. Their performance and control system integration based on IEEE1394 camera technology is presented. Finally, first results from the fast and slow beam loss monitoring systems are described.

TUPCH052	Turn by Turn Measurements at DAFNE Based on the Libera Beam Position Processor	betatron, pick-up, injection, kicker	1124
	A. Stella, M. Serio INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
	The BPM detection electronics developed by Instrumentation Techonologies implements digital receivers technology to measure beam position from the amplitude of pick-up signals. Besides the closed orbit mode, the Libera module can be operated also in the Turn-by-Turn mode. Operational experience with Libera at DAFNE, the Frascati e⁺ e^- collider, has been focused on this functionality. Data obtained from DAFNE have been processed with well established extraction algorithms to accurately measure the betatron tunes from a small number of turns, providing instantaneous information on tune variations occurred also in fast damped decays after a kick. Hardware and software implementation together with experimental data are reported.

TUPCH055	Beam Phase Measurement of Stored Bunch	pick-up, insertion, insertion-device, injection	1133
	T. Ohshima, A. Yamashita JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken M. Yoshioka SES, Hyogo-pref.
	We developed a system to measure synchronous phase angles for all bunches stored in the storage ring using an oscilloscope with high sampling rate. Precise phase measurement of specific bunch is required from the synchrotron radiation (SR) users, especially from the time resolved spectroscopy users. In a pump and probe experiment, the trigger timing for pumping laser should be precisely adjusted to the probe SR light. The timing of SR light is affected by the accelerating RF voltages, filling pattern, bunch currents, gap positions of insertion devices and so on. At the SPring-8, the bunch currents and the synchronous phase angles for all stored bunches can be measured within 30seconds using newly developed system. The precision of the phase angle is less than 8ps. We are now preparing to deliver the information of synchronous phase angle to SR users. The detail of the measurement system and achieved performance will be presented.

TUPCH057	A Diagnostic System for Beam Abort at KEKB	beam-losses, KEKB, vacuum, KEK	1139
	H. Ikeda, K. Akai, J.W. Flanagan, T. Furuya, S. Hiramatsu, M. Suetake, Y. Suetsugu, M. Tobiyama, T. Tsuboyama KEK, Ibaraki S. Stanic Tsukuba University, Ibaraki
	A controlled beam abort system has been installed at KEKB for the protection of the hardware components of the accelerator and detector from damage by ampere-class beam currents. In order to identify the reason for each abort and optimize the abort system to handle each type of problem as well as improve machine operation, a diagnostic system has been developed. Fast signals, such as beam currents, accelerating voltages of the RF cavities and beam loss monitor signals from PIN photo-diodes are recorded and analyzed by a data logger system with a high sampling rate at the moment of each abort. Beam oscillations, radiation dose at the detector and vacuum pressure are also examined to classify the reasons for beam loss and aborts. Statistics and typical examples of these aborts will be discussed.

TUPCH064	Beam-based Alignment Strategy for the Group Controlled Magnets System	alignment, simulation, quadrupole, proton	1160
	N. Hayashi JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken S. Lee, T. Toyama KEK, Ibaraki
	The beam based alignment of the beam position monitor (BPM) becomes an important tool to reduce the closed orbit distortion (COD) in the recent accelerator. Normally, it requires the independent control of the quadrupole field. Changing the current of a quadrupole magnet, one would find the unperturbed position. However, the J-PARC Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) has seven quadrupole families and only group of each family can be controlled simultaneously. There is neither separate power supplies nor auxiliary coil windings on each individual magnet. A similar alignment procedure is applicable for the coupled-controlled magnet system, but it becomes very complicated. For the simplest case, three magnets grouped together, four different beam orbits have to be measured at three different BPM locations. The method and some simulation results for J-PARC/RCS case will be presented in this report.

TUPCH077	Beam Phase Measurement in a 200 MeV Cyclotron	pick-up, cyclotron, extraction, injection	1187
	J.L. Conradie, A.H. Botha, P.J. Celliers, J.L.G. Delsink, D.T. Fourie, P.T. Mansfield, P.F. Rohwer, M.J. Van Niekerk iThemba LABS, Somerset West J. Dietrich, I. Mohos FZJ, Jülich
	New phase measuring equipment is being planned for the K 200 variable frequency, separated-sector cyclotron at iThemba LABS near Cape Town. A commercial lock-in amplifier is used to measure the beam phase over the full radial range. Measurements are made at the third and fifth harmonics of the main RF frequency to limit pick-up from the flat-topping and main dees. Computer-generated signals, with phase and amplitude control, at the same harmonics, are used to cancel the signals coupled from the dees to the phase probes. In addition the signals without beam are vectorially subtracted from those with beam to enhance the sensitivity and accuracy. Results of measurements, using these techniques, on existing phase probes in the cyclotron, will be presented.

TUPCH092	Commissioning of a New Digital BPM System for the PSI Proton Accelerators	proton, cyclotron, pick-up, instrumentation	1226
	B. Keil, P.-A. Duperrex, M. U. Müller PSI, Villigen
	A new digital beam position monitor (DBPM) system has been developed and successfully tested at the PSI proton accelerators. The DBPM hardware consists of an analogue RF front-end (RFFE), a VMEbus backplane module (VBM), and the PSI VME PMC Carrier board (VPC). The RFFE combines the 2nd RF harmonic (101.26 MHz) beam signals of pickup coils with a 101.31 MHz pilot signal. The RFFE output signals are undersampled and down-converted to base-band (no analogue mixer) by ADCs and DDCs (Direct Digital Downconverters) on the VBM. The DDCs send the digitised beam and pilot signal amplitudes to a Virtex2Pro FPGA on the VPC board. The FPGA calculates the beam positions at different averaging rates, checks interlock limits, and provides triggered storage of beam position waveforms. Furthermore, the FPGA performs automatic gain control of voltage-controlled amplifiers (VCAs) of RFFE and VBM. By continuous normalisation of beam to pilot signal, nonlinearities and temperature drifts of the electronics are eliminated. Compared to the old analogue BPM electronics, the new DBPMs offer an increased dynamic range (0.2 μA to 2 mA instead of 5 μA to 2 mA) and larger bandwidth (10 kHz instead of 10 Hz).

TUPCH095	Status of Synchrotron Radiation Monitor at TLS	synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation, radiation, booster	1232
	C.H. Kuo, J. Chen, K.-T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, K.H. Hu, D. Lee, C.-J. Wang NSRRC, Hsinchu
	Synchrotron radiation monitor of the Taiwan Light Source have been upgraded recently. Improvement of optics and modelling was performed to improve accuracy of measurement for small beam size. Synchrotron light interferometer is implemented for complementary measurement. IEEE-1394 digital CCD camera is used to improve image transmission quality, camera remote control and to extend dynamic range. Intensify gated camera are included in this upgrade for dynamic property observation of the stored beam. Functionality enhancement of image analysis is also supported. Efforts and achievements will be summarized in this report.

TUPCH103	New Developments on Single-shot Fiber Scope	SLAC, laser, feedback	1253
	Y. Yin, X. Che Y.Y. Labs, Inc., Fremont, California
	New development has been done to reduce the noise and improve the stability of the single-shot fiber scope, which used an optical fiber recirculating delay line to regenerate the single-shot very short electrical pulse, so a sampling scope can recover the original signal. New measurements have been done and will be reported.

TUPCH110	Upgrade of Main RF Cavity in UVSOR-II Electron Storage Ring	electron, storage-ring, optics, vacuum	1268
	A. Mochihashi, K. Hayashi, M. Hosaka, M. Katoh, J. Yamazaki UVSOR, Okazaki H. Suzuki Toshiba, Yokohama Y. Takashima Nagoya University, Nagoya
	The UVSOR electron storage ring, which is dedicated to a synchrotron radiation (SR) light source especially for VUV and Soft X-ray, has been improved at the beginning of 2003, and transverse emittance in the improved ring (UVSOR-II)* has been decreased from 165nm-rad to 60 and/or 27nm-rad. Users runs have been performed since September 2003 with 60nm-rad mode, and since then high brilliant SR beams have been supplied routinely for users. The 27nm-rad mode, however, was difficult to introduce to daily operation initially because Touschek lifetime was insufficient in such small emittance condition. To improve the beam lifetime and make full use of the SR beams, we have built new main RF cavity. The aim of the improvement was to increase momentum acceptance by increasing RF accelerating voltage; the previous cavity generated the voltage of 55kV, whereas the new one can generate 150kV in maximum without changing RF frequency (90.1MHz) and transmitter (20kW in maximum). The new cavity has been installed in the UVSOR-II in spring of 2005, and high power commissioning went on smoothly. Because of the improvement, from spring 2005 the UVSOR-II has switched the daily users run to 27nm-rad. *M. Katoh et al., in this conference.

TUPCH111	RF System for the Superconducting Linac Downstream from DEINOS Injector	SOLEIL, linac, ELSA, simulation	1271
	P. Balleyguier, J.-L. Lemaire CEA, Bruyères-le-Châtel
	The DEINOS injector will be followed by an accelerator consisting of a LEP-like cryomodule including four 4-cell superconducting cavities. Each of these cavities will be fed by a solid-state amplifier delivering 20 kW in CW operation at 352 MHz. We will use the technology developed by the "Synchrotron SOLEIL" RF team, consisting of merging the power of numerous independent 330 W modules. The design of the low level RF system will be based on our experience with the ELSA accelerator.

TUPCH117	Experience with the 208MHz and 52MHz RF Systems for the HERA Proton Accelerator	feedback, beam-loading, DESY, injection	1289
	R. Wagner, S. Choroba, A. Gamp, T.G. Grevsmuehl, G.M. Moeller DESY, Hamburg A.B. Bienkowski The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Centre Swierk, Swierk/Otwock
	The RF System for the Hera Proton Ring consists of four 208MHz systems and two 52MHz systems. At injection three of the 208MHz systems are at 70 kV and one System is at 190kV with a phase of 180 degree. The 52 MHz Systems are at 70kV each. During ramping the RF voltage of all cavities follows a ramp table. At flat top at 920GeV both 52 MHz systems are at 50kV and three of the 208MHz Systems are at 190kV while the 180 degree phased system is reduced to 30kV. The typical beam current is 100mA in 180 bunches with a bunch separation of 96 ns. About one year before shutdown of HERA this presentation gives an review of about 14 years operation of the Proton RF System. It is also an overview of the hardware including the beam loading compensation (fast feedback) the tuning system and the other components.

TUPCH120	The Diamond Light Source Booster RF System	booster, DIAMOND, pick-up, synchrotron	1295
	C. Christou, V.C. Kempson Diamond, Oxfordshire K. Dunkel ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach A. Fabris ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	The Diamond Light Source (DLS) accelerator complex can be divided into three major components; a 3 GeV 561 m circumference storage ring, a 158.4 m circumference full-energy booster synchrotron and a 100 MeV pre-injector linac. This paper describes the design and presents commissioning results of the RF system for the booster synchrotron. Booster RF commissioning took place in late 2005 and early 2006 and involved the setting-into-operation of a 60 kW IOT amplifier, supplied by Thales Broadcast and Multimedia, a 5-cell copper cavity, manufactured by Accel Instruments, and a low-level RF system designed and built by Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA.

TUPCH121	The IASA Cooling System for the 10 MeV Linac	linac, klystron, microtron, resonance	1298
	A. Karabarbounis, D. Baltadoros, T. Garetsos, C.N. Papanicolas, E. Stiliaris IASA, Athens A. Zolfaghari MIT, Middleton, Massachusetts
	A de-ionized water cooling system for the IASA room temperature 10 MeV CW Linac has been constructed and successfully installed. Commissioning is undergoing achieving resistivity larger to 5M?cm with a temperature accuracy of for all three linacs. Three ways mixing valves with a stepping capability of one thousand different mixing steps fulfill independently for each section the required temperature stability and the appropriate resonance frequency to our cavities. The RF requirements for the three linacs is 190kW provided by a single high power klystron tube capable to deliver up to 500 kW CW at 2380 MHz. The klystron is been cooled with a parallel similar cooling system and a third system cools our Aluminum waveguide complex. In this paper we will present the design, specifications and results of our preliminary tests. A sophisticated control and interlock system based on EPICS guarantees the proper functioning of the system.

TUPCH130	Development of the Feed-forward System for Beam Loading Compensation in the J-PARC RCS	beam-loading, FIR, FFC, CIC	1319
	F. Tamura, M. Nomura, A. Schnase, M. Yamamoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken S. Anami, E. Ezura, K. Hara, C. Ohmori, A. Takagi, M. Yoshii KEK, Ibaraki
	In the J-PARC Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), the heavy beam loading effects due to the high intensity proton beam must be compensated for stable acceleration. The beam feedforward technique is used to compensate the beam loading in the RCS. We present the development of the feedforward system. We designed and built the full-digital system with modern FPGAs to realize high accuracy, stability and predictability of the compensation. Because of the low Q value of each accelerating cavity, the wake voltage consists of not only the accelerating harmonic component but also higher harmonics. Thus, the system is designed to compensate the beam loading at several harmonics. The system has two parts. In the first part, vector components of the selected harmonic are detected from the beam signal picked up by a wall current monitor. The compensation RF signal is generated from the vector components with proper gain and phase in the latter part. The gain and phase are set individually for each harmonic and each cavity of the twelve cavities. We also present the preliminary test results of the newly developed modules.

TUPCH134	RF Characteristics of the PEFP DTL	coupling, rfq, proton, klystron	1331
	H. S. Kim, Y.-S. Cho, H.-J. Kwon, K.T. Seol KAERI, Daejon
	A conventional 20 MeV Drift Tube Linac (DTL) for the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) has been developed as a low energy section of a 100 MeV accelerator. The 20 MeV DTL consists of 4 tanks with 152 cells. The machine has a unique feature of driving the 4 tanks with a single klystron. Therefore it has several control knobs to compensate the errors of each tank during operation. To develop the RF control scheme, the variations of the RF parameters of each tank were measured under various environmental conditions such as wall temperature, cooling water temperature, and cooling water pressure. In addition, the behaviors of the RF parameters among the tanks were also monitored during high power operation. In this paper, the measurement results are discussed and the control scheme based on the results are proposed.

TUPCH140	Studies of Thermal Fatigue Caused by Pulsed RF Heating	collider, linear-collider, linac, vacuum	1343
	S.V. Kuzikov, Yu. Danilov, N.S. Ginzburg, N.Yu. Peskov, M.I. Petelin, A. Sergeev, A.A. Vikharev, N.I. Zaitsev IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod A.V. Elzhov, A. Kaminsky, O.S. Kozlov, E.A. Perelstein, S. Sedykh, A.P. Sergeev JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region I. Syratchev CERN, Geneva
	A future linear collider with a multi-TeV level of energies of the collided particles in the center of masses is naturally associated with high frequencies and a high power RF level. One of the interfering factors in this way is an effect of copper damage due to multi-pulse mechanical stress caused by high-power microwaves. In order to get new information about this effect, we started an experiment with the test cavity fed by 30 GHz FEM oscillator (15-30 MW, 100-200 ns, 0.5 - 1 Hz). Now we finished the second phase of this experiment where the test cavity was irradiated by 0.1 millions of RF pulses with temperature rise ~140 C in each pulse. The third phase is the experiment with 1 million pulses. In the next planned experiment with 36 GHz magnetron (0.1-0.15 MW, 1-2 mks, 0.01 - 1 kHz) we are going to investigate the thermal fatigue in most interesting for collider application region of temperatures (30-50 C). It is expected that these two experiments will supply necessary statistical information for the developed theory of the thermal fatigue in order to extrapolate lifetime numbers to other values of the temperature rise and pulse duration.

TUPCH144	Automatic Conditioning of the CTF3 RF System	klystron, vacuum, CTF3, CERN	1355
	J.P.H. Sladen, S. Deghaye, S. Livesley, J. Marques Balula, J. Mourier, J.-M. Nonglaton CERN, Geneva A. Dubrovsky JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
	The RF system of CTF3 (CLIC Test Facility 3) includes ten 35 MW to 40 MW 3 GHz klystrons and one 20 MW 1.5 GHz klystron. High power RF conditioning of the waveguide network and cavities connected to each klystron can be extremely time consuming. Because of this, a fully automatic conditioning system has been developed within a CERN JINR (Dubna) collaboration. It involves relatively minor hardware additions, most of the work being in application and front-end software. The system has already been used very successfully.

TUPCH145	The MUCOOL RF Program	RF-structure, linac, instrumentation, target	1358
	J. Norem ANL, Argonne, Illinois A. Bross, A. Moretti, B. Norris, Z. Qian Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois D. Li, S.P. Virostek, M.S. Zisman LBNL, Berkeley, California R.A. Rimmer Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia R. Sandstrom DPNC, Genève Y. Torun IIT, Chicago, Illinois
	Efficient muon cooling requires high RF gradients in the presence of high (~3T) solenoidal fields. The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) also requires that the x-ray production from these cavities is low, in order to minimize backgrounds in the particle detectors that must be located near the cavities. These cavities require thin Be windows to ensure the highest fields on the beam axis. In order to develop these cavities, the MUCOOL RF Program was started about 6 years ago. Initial measurements were made on a six-cell cavity and a single-cell pillbox, both operating at 805 MHz. We have now begun measurements of a 201 MHz pillbox cavity. This program has led to new techniques to look at dark currents, a new model for breakdown and a general model of cavity performance based on surface damage. The experimental program includes studies of thin Be windows, conditioning, dark current production from different materials, magnetic-field effects and breakdown. We will present results from measurements at both 805 and 201 MHz.

TUPCH146	The Interactions of Surface Damage on RF Cavity Operation	site, electron, vacuum, RF-structure	1361
	J. Norem, A. Hassanein, Z. Insepov ANL, Argonne, Illinois A. Bross, A. Moretti, Z. Qian Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois D. Li, M.S. Zisman LBNL, Berkeley, California R.A. Rimmer Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia D.N. Seidman, K. Yoon NU, Evanston, Illinois Y. Torun IIT, Chicago, Illinois
	Studies of low frequency RF systems for muon cooling has led to a variety of new techniques for looking at dark currents, a new model of breakdown, and, ultimately, a model of RF cavity operation based on surface damage. We find that cavity behavior is strongly influenced by the spectrum of enhancement factors on field emission sites. Three different spectra are involved: one defining the initial state of the cavity, the second determined by the breakdown events, and the third defining the equilibrium produced as a cavity operates at its maximum field. We have been able to measure these functions and use them to derive a wide variety of cavity parameters: conditioning behavior, material, pulse length, temperature, vacuum, magnetic field, pressure, gas dependence. In addition we can calculate the dependence of breakdown rate on surface field and pulse length. This work correlates with data from Atom Probe Tomography. We will describe this model and new experimental data.

TUPCH151	ERLP/4GLS Low Level Radio Frequency System	ERLP, linac, laser, feedback	1376
	A.J. Moss, P.A. Corlett, J.F. Orrett, J.H.P. Rogers CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	The Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) being constructed at Daresbury Laboratory will use an analog-based low level RF (LLRF) control system designed and built at FZR Rossendorf. Once the machine is operational, the testing and development of a digital LLRF feedback system will take place using the ERLP as a testbed.

TUPCH152	MICE RF Test Stand	factory, power-supply, target, emittance	1379
	P.A. Corlett, A.J. Moss, J.F. Orrett CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) RF test stand is being assembled at Daresbury Laboratory. This will provide a test bed for power amplifiers to produce the 2MW 200MHz RF for the MICE experiment RF cavities. Initial design and proposed layout of the RF system are described.

TUPCH153	IOT Testing at the ERLP	ERLP, power-supply, klystron, DIAMOND	1382
	J.F. Orrett, S.R. Buckley, P.A. Corlett, A.J. Moss CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire S. Rains Diamond, Oxfordshire
	The testing of Inductive Output Tubes (IOT) at 1.3GHz is underway for use on the Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) being constructed at Daresbury Laboratory. A 50KV high voltage power supply (HVPS) has been commissioned and characterised for use as a test RF supply. This will be used to power the ERLP RF system in both continuous and pulse modes of operation. First results are presented of the IOTs and the use of the HVPS system.

TUPCH154	RF Amplifier for Next Generation Light Sources	power-supply, monitoring, cathode, vacuum	1385
	J.S. Przybyla, E. Radcliffe e2v Technologies, Essex
	This paper describes the design concepts and development issues around generating a compact 16kW 1.3GHz RF amplifier for use in the next generation of light sources. These amplifiers need to be operated for extended periods to maximise use of the facility and so high reliability and availability are of key importance. Equally important are the capabilities to have extensive self-monitoring and fault prediction, autonomous operation, low heat dissipation to air, and easy maintenance. The design and development of such an RF amplifier based on the latest e2v technologies 1.3GHz inductive output tube (IOT) will be described. The RF amplifier equipment makes extensive use of commercially available products and industry collaborations to produce an amplifier that meets all the requirements yet can be manufactured and operated in a most cost effective manner. Prototype equipment will be shown at EPAC 06.

TUPCH158	High Power, Solid State RF Amplifiers Development for the EURISOL Proton Driver	EURISOL, simulation, linac, coupling	1394
	F. Scarpa, A. Facco, D. Zenere INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
	A 5 kW solid-state RF amplifier for the SPES and EURISOL projects has been built and extensively tested. High reliability and low cost are the main goals for this device, an evolution of a 2.5 kW unit previously developed and presented at EPAC 02. The description of the amplifier, especially designed for superconducting cavities, its characteristics and test results will be illustrated and discussed, as well as the design and construction of two new 10 kW amplifier units that have recently started.

TUPCH178	Deposition of Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) Films on Vacuum Chambers for High Energy Machines and Synchrotron Radiation Sources	vacuum, cathode, synchrotron, electron	1435
	P. Manini, A. Bonucci, A. Conte, S. Raimondi SAES Getters S.p.A., Lainate
	Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) films, sputter deposited onto the internal surfaces of vacuum chambers reduce thermal out-gassing and provide conductance-free distributed pumping ability, allowing the achievement of very low pressure inside narrow and conductance limited chambers, like Insertion Devices. NEG films do show additional interesting features, like low secondary electron yield and low gas de-sorption rates under ions, electrons and photons bombardment. They seem therefore ideal to reduce electron multi-pacting and dynamic gas de-sorption induced beam instabilities in high energy machines. This paper presents SAES getters experience in the NEG coating of chambers of different geometries and sizes for a variety of projects related to high energy machines and synchrotron radiation facilities. Examples of applications, as well as most common issues related to chambers preparation, film deposition, characterization and quality control, are given. Areas where further work is still necessary to fully take advantage of NEG film properties will be also discussed.

TUPCH187	DSP-based Low Level RF Control as an Integrated Part of DOOCS Control System	feedback, linac, DESY, electron	1450
	V. Ayvazyan, A. Brandt, O. Hensler, G.M. Petrosyan, L.M. Petrosyan, K. Rehlich, S. Simrock, P. Vetrov DESY, Hamburg
	The Distributed Object Oriented Control System (DOOCS) has been developed at DESY as a control system for TTF/VUV-FEL. The DSP based low level RF control system is one of the main subsystems of the linac. Several DOOCS device servers and client applications have been developed to integrate low level RF control into the TTF/VUV-FEL control system. The DOOCS approach defines each hardware device as a separate object and this object is represented in a network by a device server, which handles all device functions. A client application can have access to the server data using the DOOCS application programming interface. A set of generic and specially devoted programs provide the tools for the operators to control the RF system. The RF operation at the linac is being automated by the implementation of DOOCS finite state machine servers.

TUPCH188	Phase Stability of the Next Generation RF Field Control for VUV- and X-ray Free Electron Laser	klystron, electron, free-electron-laser, laser	1453
	F. Ludwig, M. Hoffmann, H. Schlarb, S. Simrock DESY, Hamburg
	For pump and probe experiments at VUV- and X-ray free electron lasers the stability of the electron beam and timing reference must be guaranteed in phase for the injector and bunch compression section within a resolution of 0.01 degree (rms) and in amplitude within 1 10-4 (rms). The performance of the field detection and regulation of the acceleration RF directly influences the phase and amplitude stability. In this paper we present the phase noise budget for a RF-regulation system including the noise characterization of all subcomponents, in detail down-converter, ADC sampling, vector-modulator, master oscillator and klystron. We study the amplitude to phase noise conversion for a detuned cavity. In addition we investigate the beam jitter induced by these noise sources within the regulation and determine the optimal controller gain. We acknowledge financial support by DESY Hamburg and the EUROFEL project.

TUPCH189	FPGA-based RF Field Control at the Photocathode RF Gun of the DESY VUV-FEL	gun, FIR, electron, DESY	1456
	E. Vogel, W. Koprek, P. Pucyk DESY, Hamburg
	At the DESY Vacuum Ultraviolet Free Electron Laser (VUV-FEL) bunch peak current and the SASE effect are (amongst other parameters) sensitive to beam energy and beam phase variations. The electron bunches are created in an rf gun, which does not have field probes. Variations of the gun rf field cause beam energy and phase variations. They have a significant influence on the overall performance of the facility. DSP based rf field control used previously was only able to stabilize the rf output of the klystron. This was due to the lack of processing power and the over-all loop delay. The controller was not able to provide satisfactory rf field stability in the gun. Replacing the DSP hardware by the new FPGA-based hardware Simulation Controller (SimCon), we are able to reduce the latency within the digital part significantly allowing for higher loop gain. Furthermore SimCon provides sufficient processing power for calculating a probe signal from the forward and reflected power as input for PI and adaptive feed forward (AFF) control. In this paper we describe the algorithms implemented and the gun rf field stability obtained.

TUPCH190	Universal Controller for Digital RF Control	resonance, klystron, beam-loading, feedback	1459
	S. Simrock DESY, Hamburg W. Cichalewski, M.K. Grecki, G.W. Jablonski TUL-DMCS, Lodz W.J. Jalmuzna Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw
	Digital RF control systems allow to change the type of controller by programming of the algorithms executed in FPGAs and/or DSPs. It is even possible to design a universal controller where the controller mode is selected by change of parameters. The concept of a universal controller includes the self-excited-loop (SEL) and generator driven resonator (GDR) concept, the choice of I/Q and amplitude or phase control, and allows for different filters (including Kalman filter and method of optimal controller synthesis) to be applied. Even time-varying mixtures of these modes are possible. Presented is the implementation of such a controller and the operational results with a superconducting cavity.

TUPCH191	Considerations for the Choice of the Intermediate Frequency and Sampling Rate for Digital RF Control	feedback, laser, DESY, simulation	1462
	S. Simrock, M. Hoffmann, F. Ludwig DESY, Hamburg M.K. Grecki, T. Jezynski TUL-DMCS, Lodz
	Modern FPGA-based rf control systems employ digital field detectors where an intermediate frequency (IF) in the range of 10 to more than 100 MHz is sampled with a synchronized clock. Present ADC technology with 14-16 bit resolution allows for maximum sampling rates up to 250 MHz. While higher IF's increase the sensitivity to clock jitter, lower IF frequencies are more susceptible to electromagnetic noise. The choice of intermediate frequency and sampling rate should minimize the overall detector noise, provide high measurement bandwidth and low latency in field detection, and support algorithms for optimal field estimation.

TUPCH193	Low Level RF Control System Modules for J-PARC RCS	acceleration, synchrotron, simulation, dipole	1465
	A. Schnase, M. Nomura, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken S. Anami, E. Ezura, K. Hara, C. Ohmori, A. Takagi, M. Yoshii KEK, Ibaraki
	After completing the design phase, the VME modules for the Low Level RF Control (LLRF) of the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron of J-PARC are now in the production and debugging phase. First all modules are tested for basic functionality, for example dual harmonic signal generation. Then sets of modules are connected together to check higher-level functions and feedback. Finally, the LLRF modules are interfaced to high voltage components like amplifiers and cavities. We present the results of these tests, the test methods and test functions on several levels. This way we simulate beam operation working conditions and gain experience in controlling all parameters.

TUPCH194	Analogue and Digital Low Level RF for the ALBA Synchrotron	resonance, synchrotron, shielding, linac	1468
	F. Pérez, H. Hassanzadegan, A. Salom ALBA, Bellaterra
	ALBA is a 3 GeV, 400 mA, 3rd generation Synchrotron Light Source that is in the construction phase in Cerdanyola, Spain. The RF System will have to provide 3.6 MV of accelerating voltage and restore up to 540 kW of power to the electron beam. Two LLRF prototypes are being developed in parallel, both following the IQ modulation/demodulation technique. One is fully based on analogue technologies; the other is based on digital FPGA processing. The advantages of the IQ technique will be summarised and the control loop logic described. The hardware implementation in analogue as well as in digital format will be presented and first test results shown. The implementation of the same logic with both technologies will give us a perfect bench to compare, and use the better of them, for the final LLRF of the ALBA synchrotron.

TUPCH195	The LHC Low Level RF	feedback, klystron, LHC, injection	1471
	P. Baudrenghien, G. Hagmann, J.C. Molendijk, R. Olsen, A. Rohlev, V. Rossi, D. Stellfeld, D. Valuch, U. Wehrle CERN, Geneva
	The LHC RF consists in eight 400 MHz superconducting cavities per ring, with each cavity independently powered by a 300 kW klystron, via a circulator. The challenge for the Low Level is to cope with both very high beam current (more than 1A RF component) and excellent beam lifetime (emittance growth time in excess of 25 hours). For each cavity we have a Cavity Controller rack with two VME crates implementing a strong RF Feedback, a Tuner Loop with a new algorithm, a Klystron Ripple Loop and a Conditioning system. In addition each ring has a Beam Control system (four VME crates) including Frequency Program, Phase Loop, Radial Loop and Synchronization Loop. A Longitudinal Damper (dipole and quadrupole mode) acting via the 400 MHz cavities is included to reduce emittance blow-up due to filamentation following phase and energy errors at injection. Finally an RF Synchronization system implements the bunch into bucket transfer from the SPS into each LHC ring. When fully installed in 2007 the whole system will count over three hundreds home-designed VME cards of twenty-three different models installed in fourty-five VME crates.

TUPCH196	Digital Design of the LHC Low Level RF: the Tuning System for the Superconducting Cavities	LHC, CERN, diagnostics, feedback	1474
	J.C. Molendijk, P. Baudrenghien, A. Butterworth, E. Ciapala, R. Olsen, F. Weierud CERN, Geneva R. Sorokoletov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
	The low level RF systems for the LHC are based extensively on digital technology, not only to achieve the required performance and stability but also to provide full remote control and diagnostics facilities needed in a machine where most of the RF system is inaccessible during operation. The hardware is based on modular VME but with additional low noise linear power supplies and a specially designed P2 backplane for timing distribution and fast data interchange. Extensive design re-use and the use of graphic FPGA design tools have streamlined the design process. A milestone was the test of the tuning system for the superconducting cavities. The tuning control module is based on a 2M gate FPGA with on-board DSP. Its design and functionality are described, including features such as automatic measurements of cavity characteristics and transient response of the tuning system. The tuner control is used as a test bed for LHC standard software components. A full 'vertical slice' from remote application down to the hardware has been tested. Work is ongoing on the completion of other modules and building up the software and diagnostics facilities needed for RF system commissioning.

TUPCH197	Low level RF System Development for the Superconducting Cavity in NSRRC	feedback, klystron, FIR, linac	1477
	M.-S. Yeh, L.-H. Chang, F.-T. Chung, K.-T. Hsu, Y.-H. Lin, C. Wang NSRRC, Hsinchu
	The present low level system in NSRRC is based on analogy feedback control scheme. It provides feedback regulation on EM field, phase, and resonant frequency of the superconducting RF cavity. In order to address the required flexibility and improve diagnostic of the RF control system, a new digital low-level RF system based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is proposed to be develop in house. The status of current analogy low level RF system and the specification of new digital FPGA based low level RF system are reposted herein.

TUPCH200	Amplitude Linearizers for PEP-II 1.2 MW Klystrons and LLRF Systems	klystron, feedback, impedance, power-supply	1480
	D. Van Winkle, J. Browne, J.D. Fox, T. Mastorides, C.H. Rivetta, D. Teytelman SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	The PEP-II B-factory has aggressive current increases planned for luminosity through 2008. At 2.2 A (HER) on 4 A (LER) currents, longitudinal growth rates will exceed the damping rates achievable in the existing low level RF and longitudinal low mode feedback systems. Klystron gain non-linearity has been shown to be a key contributor to these increased growth rates through time domain non-linear modeling and machine measurements. Four prototype klystron amplitude modulation linearizers have been developed to explore improved linearity in the LLRF system. The linearizers operate at 475 MHz with 15 dB dynamic range and 1 MHz linear control bandwidth. Results from lab measurements and high current beam tests are presented. Future development progress and production designs are detailed.

TUPLS014	Optics Flexibility and Dispersion Matching at Injection into the LHC	injection, LHC, optics, emittance	1517
	A. Koschik, H. Burkhardt, B. Goddard, Y. Kadi, V. Kain, V. Mertens, T. Risselada CERN, Geneva
	The LHC requires very precise matching of transfer line and LHC optics to minimise emittance blow-up and tail repopulation at injection. The recent addition of a comprehensive transfer line collimation system to improve the protection against beam loss has created additional matching constraints and consumed a significant part of the flexibility contained in the initial optics design of the transfer lines. Optical errors, different injection configurations and possible future optics changes require however to preserve a certain tuning range. Here we present methods of tuning optics parameters at the injection point by using orbit correctors in the main ring, with the emphasis on dispersion matching. The benefit of alternative measures to enhance the flexibility is briefly discussed.

TUPLS058	New Prestripping Section of the MILAC Linear Accelerator Designed for Accelerating a High Current Beam of Light Ions	ion, focusing, acceleration, heavy-ion	1627
	A.P. Kobets, V.A. Bomko, O.F. Dyachenko, Ye.V. Ivakhno, M.S. Lesnykh, Z.O. Ptukhina, V.N. Reshetnikov, S.S. Tishkin, V.P. Yashin, A.V. Zabotin, B.V. Zajtsev, V.G. Zhuravlev NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
	In the Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, the works on construction of a new prestripping section of the multicharge ion linear accelerator (MILAC) is performed. The task is set to provide acceleration of high current beams of light ions for research works on radiation material engineering and applied investigations. The new prestripping section is designed for accelerating ions with A/q=4 up to the energy of 1 MeV/u; after stripping they will be accelerated in the main section up to the energy of 8.5 MeV/u. Special operational mode will allow to increase noticeably the repetition rate with the same power consumption. The calculation results on beam dynamics in the structure with alternating phase focusing in the version with the stepped change of the synchronous phase, and calculations of electrodynamic characteristics of the accelerating structure of the interdigital type. The peculiarities of the construction of the accelerating structure are described.

TUPLS072	Nonscaling FFAG with Equal Longitudinal and Transverse Reference Momenta	lattice, closed-orbit, radio-frequency, acceleration	1663
	S.R. Koscielniak TRIUMF, Vancouver
	An unusual feature of linear-field nonscaling FFAG designs is that the radio-frequency is not necessarily synchronous with the reference orbit and momentum chosen for the lattice design. This arises because optics design prefers the reference geometry to be composed of straight lines and arcs of circles - either at the mean momentum, or at high momentum to centre the orbit in the F element. The asynchronous acceleration proposed for rapid acceleration has strong requirements to set the longitudinal reference at 1/4 and 3/4 of the momentum range to minimize phase slip. The usual particle-tracking programs, such as MAD, though sophisticated in the transverse plane, are far cruder in their longitudinal working and do not allow for a longitudinal reference momentum and RF phase independent of the transverse values. In the context of a thin-element lattice model, we show how to make the transverse reference momentum and optic design coincident with the longitudinal reference by adjusting the ratio of positive and negative bending in the D and F elements, respectively, and retaining a lines and arcs composition for the reference orbit. This prepares the way for MAD tracking.

TUPLS088	Energy Distribution of H^- Ions from the ISIS Ion Source	ion, ion-source, focusing, cathode	1708
	D.C. Faircloth, J.W.G. Thomason CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon G. Doucas, M. Haigh, I. Ho-ching Yiu, J. Morrison OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon
	We have used a specially designed retarding field energy analyzer with a resolution (Δ E /E) of approximately 2 x 10 -4 in order to measure the energy distribution, under different operating conditions, of the H^- beam of the ISIS ion source. The poster presents the details of the analyzer and the first results obtained on the Ion Source Test Facility at RAL.

TUPLS111	Experimental Results of the Shift Bump Magnet in the J-PARC 3-GeV RCS	injection, power-supply, extraction, linac	1762
	T. Takayanagi, Y. Irie, J. Kamiya, M. Kinsho, M. Kuramochi, O. Takeda, T. Ueno, M. Watanabe, Y. Yamazaki, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
	The shift bump magnet produces a fixed main bump orbit to merge the injection beam into the circulating beam. In order to control the injection beam for the short injection time (500 microseconds) with sufficient accuracy, the shift bump magnet needs a wide uniform magnetic field and the high speed exciting pattern of the high current. The magnetic field design and the structural analysis of the shift bump magnets have been performed using three-dimensional electromagnetic analysis code and mechanical analysis code, respectively. The magnetic field distributions were measured with a long search coil, thus giving a BL product over a magnet gap area. The temperature distributions at the various points of the magnet were measured by thermocouples over 24 hours till they saturated. General trend of these measurements agrees well with calculations.

TUPLS114	An Improvement of Matching Circuit of RF Kicker Electrodes	extraction, feedback, kicker, impedance	1771
	T. Kurita, S. Fukumoto, S.H. Hatori WERC, Tsuruga , Fukui S. Ninomiya KEK, Ibaraki
	Beam extraction system at accelerator of The Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center employs RF knockout technology. Narrow band RF noise is applied to the transverse kicker electrodes to increase betatron amplitude of the beam. Recently some improvements of the beam extraction system are introduced: To improve the shape of the spill, a feedback control of noise amplitude is introduced. The feedback control system works as an attenuator, therefore it is necessary to enhance the noise amplitude of the kicker electrodes to obtain agreeable effect on the spill shape. In order to obtain a higher voltage, we revamp the matching circuit at the electrodes. By introducing the resonating characteristic at the matching circuit, we obtained 3 times more amplitude at the electrodes. General shape of the spill is improved by this work, and extraction efficiency at a real operating condition is also improved.

TUPLS133	Material Irradiation Damage Studies for High Power Accelerators	target, proton, BNL, AGS	1816
	N. Simos, H.G. Kirk, H. Ludewig, L.F. Mausner, J.G. O Conor BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York S. Makimura, K. Yoshimura KEK, Ibaraki K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey L.P. Trung Stony Brook University, Stony Brook
	High-performance targets intercepting multi MW proton beams are the key toward intense muon or neutrino beams. To achieve this goal one must push the envelope of the current knowledge on material science and material endurance and survivability to both short and long proton beam exposure. The demand imposed on the targets of high power accelerators and the limitations of most materials in playing such pivotal roles have led to an extensive search and experimentation with new alloys and composites. These new high-performance materials and composites, which at first glance, appear to possess the right combination of properties satisfying target requirements, are explored under accelerator target conditions where both shock and irradiation damage are at play. Results of the on-going, multi-phased experimental effort under way at BNL involving heavy irradiation of candidate materials using 200 MeV protons at the end of the BNL Linac as well as results on post-irradiation analysis assessing irradiation damage are presented.

TUPLS135	Technical Infrastructure Monitoring at CERN	monitoring, CERN, LHC, site	1822
	J. Stowisek, T.R. Riesco, A.S. Suwalska CERN, Geneva
	The Technical Infrastructure Monitoring system (TIM) is used to survey and control CERN's technical services from the CERN Control Centre (CCC). The system's primary function is to provide CCC operators with reliable real-time information about the state of the laboratory's extensive and widely distributed technical infrastructure. TIM is also used to monitor all general services required for the operation of the accelerator complex and the experiments. A flexible data acquisition mechanism allows TIM to interface with a wide range of technically diverse installations, using industry standard protocols wherever possible and custom designed solutions where needed. The complexity of the data processing logic, including persistence, logging, alarm handling, command execution and the evaluation of data-driven business rules is encapsulated in the system's business layer. Users benefit from a suite of advanced graphical applications adapted to operations (synoptic views, alarm consoles, data analysis tools etc.), system maintenance and support. Complementary tools for configuration data management and historical data analysis will be available before the start-up of the LHC in 2007.

TUPLS136	Air Temperature Analysis and Improvement for the Technical Zone at TLS	vacuum, simulation, storage-ring, power-supply	1825
	J.-C. Chang, J.-R. Chen, Z.-D. Tsai NSRRC, Hsinchu M. Ke NTUT, Taipei
	This paper presents the air temperature analysis and control improvement for the technical zone, where many critical instrumentations of power supply, rf, vacuum and control apparatuses are located, at the Taiwan Light Source (TLS). The technical zone with circular shape is located on the core area of the storage ring. The diameter and height of the technical zone are 28.5m and 3m, respectively. Totally 13 temperature sensors are installed in this zone to online record the air temperature history. Because of insufficient cooling capacity and poor air circulation of the air-conditioning (A/C) system, the air temperature may reach to 30 degrees C, and spatial air temperature difference may be more than 7 degrees C. To cope with those problems, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is applied to simulate the spatial temperature distribution. The A/C cooling capacity will be increased, and the air exit and exhaust distribution will be modified according to the simulated results.

TUPLS137	Design of the Utility System for the 3 GeV TPS Electron Storage Ring	storage-ring, synchrotron, booster, synchrotron-radiation	1828
	J.-C. Chang, J.-R. Chen, Y.-C. Lin, Y.-H. Liu, Z.-D. Tsai NSRRC, Hsinchu
	After 13-year operation of the Taiwan Light Source (TLS), National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), had proposed to construct a new light sourc, Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) in the near future. TPS is preliminarily designed with 3.0 GeV in energy, 518.4m in circumference and 24 Double-Bend Achromat (DBA). This study designed the utility system, including the electrical power system, grounding system, de-ionized cooling water (DIW) system and air conditioning (AC) system for the TPS. Special considerations are focused on the stability of the electrical power and grounding system and temperature control of the DIW and AC systems. The power and cooling loads had been estimated according to each subsystem of the accelerator. Layouts of main utility equipment and piping system had also been preliminarily designed.

WEXPA03	Digital Low Level RF	feedback, linac, collider, CERN	1847
	M.-E. Angoletta CERN, Geneva
	The demand on high stability and precision on the RF voltage for modern accelerators, as well as better diagnostics, maintenance and flexibility is driving the community to develop Digital Low Level RF systems (DLLRF) for the new linear accelerators, but also for synchrotrons. An overview of the state of the art in digital technologies applied to DLLRF systems and an overview of the different designs developed or in development at the different labs will be presented.
	Transparencies

WEOBPA02	LEIR Commissioning	ion, LHC, injection, linac	1876
	C. Carli, P. Beloshitsky, L. Bojtar, M. Chanel, K. Cornelis, B. Dupuy, J. Duran-Lopez, T. Eriksson, S.S. Gilardoni, D. Manglunki, E. Matli, S. Maury, C. Oliveira, S. Pasinelli, J. Pasternak, F. Roncarolo, G. Tranquille CERN, Geneva
	The Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) is a central piece of the injector chain for LHC ion operation, transforming long Linac 3 pulses into high density bunches needed for LHC. LEIR commissioning is scheduled to be completed at the time of the conference. A review of LEIR commissioning highlighting expected and unexpected problems and actions to tackle them will be given.
	Transparencies

WEIFI02	Can the Accelerator Control System be Bought from Industry?	LEFT, target, vacuum, instrumentation	1916
	M. Plesko Cosylab, Ljubljana
	This presentation is intended for project leaders and specialists, whose components depend on the control system, which is nearly everybody apart from control experts. The presentation will explain the basic concepts of an accelerator control system, illustrate the similarities and differences among the most popular packages, which are nicely disguised in acronyms such as EPICS, TANGO, TINE, DOOCS, COACK, XAL, CDEV, etc. and compare them to commercial control systems (DCS and SCADA) and LabView. The second part of the presentation will analyse whether a control system is in principle a component as any other and whether therefore in principle it should be bought eventually from a competent supplier like all the other components. It will identify the reasons why many people are reluctant to outsource control systems and illustrate this with some personal experiences and suggestions how to overcome these problems. The talk will conclude by showing how naively we have started a spin-off company* to commercialize the accelerator control system that we have developed, how we have found sustainable sources of business, and how we see the future in this and related markets. * Cosylab - Control System Laboratory, www.cosylab.com
	Transparencies

WEPCH020	Extending the Linear Least Squares Problem for Orbit Correction in Circular Accelerators	ELETTRA, feedback, simulation, insertion	1963
	C. Scafuri ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	A method for extending the linear least squares problem applicable for correcting the orbit of circular accelerators is proposed. The method is based on the definition of a suitable cost function which weighs both orbit deviations and the correction effort, that is steerer kicks. The paper presents the full derivation of the formulas and the results of simulations. The application of this method for the Global Orbit Feedback system of the ELETTRA storage ring is being evaluated.

WEPCH048	Measurement and Modeling of Magnetic Hysteresis in the LHC Superconducting Correctors	LHC, CERN, sextupole, injection	2026
	W. Venturini Delsolaro, L. Bottura, Y. C. Chaudhari, M. Karppinen CERN, Geneva N.J. Sammut University of Malta, Faculty of Engineering, Msida
	The Large Hadron Collider, now under construction at CERN, relies heavily on superconducting magnets for its optics layout: besides the main magnets, almost all the correcting magnets are superconducting. Along with clear advantages, this brings about complications due to the effects of persistent currents in the superconducting filaments. Correcting magnets that trim key beam parameters or compensate field errors of the main magnets (among others those due to hysteresis), are in their turn hysteretic. The measured magnetic hysteresis and its possible influence on accelerator operation will be presented, in particular the real-time compensation of decay and snapback in the main magnets, and the reproducibility between runs. A detailed characterization of minor hysteresis loops is given, as well as degaussing cycles and modeling work.

WEPCH053	Peculiarities of Influence of Coherency Processes at Charged Particles Channeling on Particle Beams Characteristics	positron, proton, electron	2041
	V.I. Vysotskii, M.V. Vysotskyy National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Radiophysical Faculty, Kiev
	In the work the length of reciprocal coherency existence and peculiarities of coherency of different states of channeled particles wave functions are discussed. It was shown that the length of coherent channeling depends on the monochromaticity of initial particle beam as well as on the interaction of channeled particles with thermal oscillations of the crystal lattice. Peculiarities of influence of coherency processes at relativistic and nonrelativistic charged particles channeling on spatial and angular characteristics of particle beam that has passed through a thin crystal are discussed. In was shown, that the influence of different particle states interference within the area of coherent channeling leads to very strong periodic dependence of final beam angular width from the crystal length. This effect allows to control beam parameters (e.g., to form narrower beam, that it was before falling on the crystal). Influence of coherency of particle states in a single channel and several channels on the angular distribution and the possibility of quasicharacteristic short-wave spontaneous and stimulated radiation is also studied.

WEPCH055	A New Algorithm for the Correction of the Linear Coupling at TEVATRON	coupling, optics, kicker, quadrupole	2047
	Y. Alexahin, E. Gianfelice-Wendt Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	The Fourier analysis of TBT data provides valuable information about the machine linear and non-linear optics. The recent upgrade of the Beam Position Monitors system made it possible to exploit this technique also at Tevatron. A program for the measurement and correction of the linear coupling based on this approach has been integrated in the TEVATRON control system. With respect to the method based on the empirical adjustment of the strength of the skew quadrupoles, the new method has the advantage of being faster and of allowing the measurement of the coupling also during the acceleration. Moreover it offers also information about the sum coupling coefficient and about the location of the sources of coupling.

WEPCH059	Linear Lattice Modeling of the Recycler Ring at Fermilab	quadrupole, lattice, storage-ring, coupling	2056
	M. Xiao, V.P. Nagaslaev, A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois V. Sajaev ANL, Argonne, Illinois
	The Recycler Ring at Fermilab is a fixed 8 GeV kinetic energy storage ring, by the use of permanent magnets in the ring lattice. It is a strong focusing FODO lattice made up of either two gradient magnets or two quadrupoles(in dispersion free straight sections). The magnetic properties of all magnets used were measured before installation and surveyed in place to minimize possible errors. Nevertheless, substantial differences are found in tunes and beta functions between the existing linear model and the real storage ring. It results in difficulties when tuning the machine to new lattice conditions. We are trying to correct the errors by matching the model into the real machine using Orbit Response Matrix(ORM) method. The challenge with ORM particular in this ring and the results are presented in this paper.

WEPCH073	Asymptotic Analysis of Ultra-relativistic Charge	electromagnetic-fields, radiation, vacuum, electron	2086
	D.A. Burton, J. Gratus, R. Tucker Lancaster University, Lancaster
	A new approach is developed for analysing the dynamic behaviour of distributions of charged particles in an electromagnetic field. Noting the limitations inherent in the Lorentz-Dirac equation for a single point particle, a simple model is proposed for a charged continuum interacting self-consistently with the Maxwell field in vacuo. The model is developed using intrinsic tensor field theory and exploits to the full the symmetry and light-cone structure of Minkowski spacetime. This permits the construction of a regular stress-energy tensor whose vanishing divergence determines a system of non-linear partial differential equations for the velocity and self-fields of accelerated charge. Within this covariant framework a particular perturbation scheme is motivated by an exact class of solutions to this system describing the evolution of a charged fluid under the combined effects of both self and external electromagnetic fields. The scheme yields an asymptotic approximation in terms of inhomogeneous linear equations for the self-consistent Maxwell field, charge current and time-like velocity field of the charged fluid and is defined as an ultra-relativistic configuration.

WEPCH087	Normal Form for Beam Physics in Matrix Representation	lattice, coupling, CERN	2122
	S.N. Andrianov St. Petersburg State University, Applied Mathematics & Control Processes Faculty, St. Petersburg A.N. Chechenin FZJ, Jülich
	The modeling of long beam evolution dynamics in nonlinear accelerator structures has raised new interest in the effective methods of nonlinear effects calculation. Moreover, it is preferably to use both analytical tools and numerical methods for evolution modeling. Usually the standard numerical methods and computer codes are based on the concept of symplectic transfer maps, whereas the analytical tool is the theory of normal forms. The method of normal forms can be realized in symbolic and numerical modes easily enough. In this paper, we discuss the normal form theory based on the matrix formalism for Lie algebraic tools. This approach allows using well known methods of matrix algebra. This permits to compute necessary matrices step-by-step up to desired order of approximation. This procedure leads to more simple structure of matrix representation for very complicated structure of this map does not allow using this map for practical computing. Therefore, it is necessary to transform this map in more appropriate form. In another words the new matrix representation for the map is particularly simple and has explicit invariants and symmetries.

WEPCH088	High Order Aberration Correction	simulation, multipole, background, quadrupole	2125
	S.N. Andrianov St. Petersburg State University, Applied Mathematics & Control Processes Faculty, St. Petersburg A.N. Chechenin FZJ, Jülich
	It is known that modern accelerators fall under nonlinear aberrations influence. The most of these aberrations have harmful character, and their effect must be maximally decreased. There are a set of approaches and codes to solving this problem. In this paper, we consider an approach for solving this problem using the matrix formalism for Lie algebraic tools. This formalism allows reducing the starting problem to linear algebraic equations for aberration coefficients, which are elements of corresponding matrices. There are discussed results evaluated using suggested approach and nonlinear programming tools. Some examples of corresponding results are given.

WEPCH110	Calculation of Wake Potentials in General 3D Structures	impedance, extraction, vacuum, radiation	2170
	H. Henke TET, Berlin W. Bruns CERN, Geneva
	The wake potential is defined as an integration along an axis of a structure. It includes the infinitely long beam pipe regions and in case of numerical evaluation leads to pipe wake artefacts. If the structure is cavity like one can position the integration path on the pipe wall and only the integration over the cavity gap remains. In case of axis-symmetric protruding structures it was proposed by O. Napoly et al. to deform the path such that the integration in the pipe regions is again on the wall. The present paper generalizes this method of path deformation to 3D structures with incoming and outgoing beam pipes. Its usefulness is verified with the code GdfidL and no artifacts were observed.

WEPCH132	Design Study of Dedicated Computer System for Wake Field Analysis with Time Domain Boundary Element Method	simulation, BNL, CSR, electron	2233
	K. Fujita, T. Enoto Hokkaido University, Sapporo H. Kawaguchi Muroran Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Muroran
	Time domain boundary element method (TDBEM) has advantages of dispersion free calculations and modeling of curved beam trajectories in wake field analysis compared to conventional methods. These advantages give us powerful possibilities for analysis of beam dynamics due to CSR in bunch compressors of next-generation accelerators. On the other hand, the TDBEM also has a serious difficulty of large computational costs. In this paper, a dedicated computer system for wake field analysis with the TDBEM is proposed as one of solutions for high performance computing (HPC) technologies. Recent remarkable progress of LSI hardware design environments such as HDL compiler tools and large scale FPGAs enables us to make up computer hardware systems with very low cost in a short development period. The authors have been working in design studies of the TDBEM dedicated computer system on such LSI design environments. This paper presents a system design and VHDL simulations of a wake field analysis machine based on the TDBEM.

WEPCH145	Particle Tracking and Simulation on the .NET Framework	simulation, lattice, KEK, closed-orbit	2263
	H. Nishimura, T. Scarvie LBNL, Berkeley, California
	Particle tracking and simulation studies are becoming complex. In addition to the sophisticated graphics, interactive scripting is becoming popular. A compatibility with the control system requires network and database capabilities. It is not a trivial task to fulfill various requirements without sacrificing the runtime performance. We evaluate the use of .NET to solve this issue by converting a C++ code Goemon* that is an object-oriented version of Tracy developed at ALS. The portability to other platforms will be mentioned in terms of Mono. *H. Nishimura, PAC'01, Chicago, July 2001, p.3066.

WEPCH149	PBO LAB (tm) Tools for Comparing MARYLIE/MAD Lie Maps and TRANSPORT/TURTLE Transfer Matrices	optics, quadrupole, beam-transport, simulation	2275
	G.H. Gillespie, W. Hill G.H. Gillespie Associates, Inc., Del Mar, California
	Particle optics codes frequently utilize either a Lie algebraic formulation or a matrix formulation of the equations of motion. Examples of codes utilizing the Lie algebra approach include MARYLIE and MAD, whereas TRANSPORT and TURTLE use the matrix formulation. Both types of codes have common application to many particle optics problems. However, it is often a very tedious exercise to compare results from the two types of codes in any great detail. As described in a companion paper in these proceedings, differences in the choice of phase space variables, as well as the inherent differences between the Lie algebraic and matrix formulations, make for unwieldy and complex relations between results from the two types of codes. Computational capabilities have been added to the PBO Lab software that automates the calculation of transfer matrices from Lie maps, and that converts phase space distributions between the different representations used by the codes considered here. Graphical and quantitative comparison tools have been developed for quick and easy visual comparisons of transfer maps and matrices.

WEPCH154	SPS Access System Upgrade	SPS, LHC, extraction, injection	2287
	E. Manola-Poggioli, PL. Lienard, T. Pettersson CERN, Geneva
	The present SPS access system is not entirely compatible with the formal requirements of the French Radioprotection Authorities, and a project has been launched to remedy this situation. The upgrade project is split into three phases that will be implemented, in the present planning, in the shutdowns 2006, 2007 and after the first physics run of the LHC, respectively. This paper presents the results of the safety study, the upgrade strategy and the architecture of the upgraded system.

WEPCH156	CERN Safety Alarms Monitoring System (CSAM)	CERN, monitoring, site, LHC	2293
	E. Manola-Poggioli, L. Scibile CERN, Geneva
	The CERN Safety Alarms Monitoring (CSAM) system is designed to aquire and transmit reliably to the CERN Fire Brigade all the alarms generated by a large number of safety alarm equipment distributed around the sites and in the underground. The quality and accuracy of the information provided by CSAM is crucial to permit a quick and efficient intervention by the Fire Brigade. The CSAM projet was launched in 1999 to replace the previous alarm system which used obsolete technology and operator devices. The new system is in operation since 2005 and 2/3 of all alarm equipement on the CERN sites are now handled by the new system. The migration/installation process is is expected to terminate in May 2006. This paper presents the system architecture, the deployment process and the return of experience in the accelerator environment.

WEPCH170	Development of Intensity Control System with RF-knockout Extraction at the HIMAC Synchrotron	extraction, synchrotron, ion, heavy-ion	2331
	S. Sato, T. Furukawa, K. Noda NIRS, Chiba-shi
	We have developed a dynamic intensity control system toward scanning irradiation at the HIMAC Synchrotron. In this system, for controlling the spill structure and intensities of the beams extracted from the synchrotron, the amplitude of the RF-knockout is controlled with the response of 10 kHz. Its amplitude modulation (AM) function is generated based on an analytical one-dimensional model of the RF-knockout slow-extraction. In this paper, we describe the system for controlling amplitude modulation including feedback and the experimental result.

WEPCH179	The Indiana University Proton Therapy System	proton, cyclotron, rfq, radiation	2349
	D. Friesel, V. Anferov, J.C. Collins, J.E. Katuin, S. Klein, D. Nichiporov, M. Wedeikind IUCF, Bloomington, Indiana
	The Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI)was designed by the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF)to deliver proton radiation treatment to patients with solid tumors or other diseases susceptible to radiation. The IUCF Proton Therapy System (PTS)has five unigue subsystems to perform the radiation treatment; Beam Delivery, Dose Delivery, Patient Positioning and Treatment Control systems. The MPRI Clinic began operations in 2003 with a single Fixed Horizontal Beam Line (FHBL)treatment room and is being expanded to include two additional treatment rooms utilizing modified IBA* 360 degree rotating gantry systems. The Gantry nozzles use a beam wobbling and energy stacking system to produce the lateral and longitudinal beam distributions required for patient treatment. A treatment control system** provides a single user interface to deliver and monitor Proton Therapy treatment. This paper will present an brief overview of the Proton Therapy Facility, the properties and examples of the beam performance of the unique Nozzle design, and a summary of the facility beam operations. * Ion Beam Applications, Inc, Belgium ** Design of a Treatment Control System for a Proton Therapy Facility, Joe Katuin, these proceedings

WEPCH183	Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of High Chromium Steel by Nitrogen Ion Implantation	ion, ion-source, electron, target	2361
	B.S. Kim, S.-Y. Lee Hankuk Aviation University, KyungKi-Do K. R. Kim, J.S. Lee KAERI, Daejon
	This article reports the study of mechanical properties of high chromium steel after N-ion implantation. The samples are implanted with 120keV N-ion at doses ranging from 1x10¹⁷ions/square cm to 4x10¹⁸ions/square cm. Mechanical properties of implanted samples are compared with those of Cr-plated samples. The compositions of the N-ion implanted layer were measured by Auger electrons spectroscopy(AES). Their mechanical properties as a function of N-ion doses were characterized by nano-indentation, sliding and impact wear tests. The results reveal that the hardness and mechanical properties of ion implanted samples were found to depend strongly on the ion doses. The hardness of the N-ion implanted sample with 2x1018ions/? was measured to be approximately 9 GPa, which is approximately 2.3 times higher than that of un-implanted sample (H=3.8 GPa). Also wear properties of N-ion implanted samples with 2x1018ions/? were largely improved ;compared to the Cr-plated samples, the width of wear track and friction coefficient developed on the N-ion implanted samples are about 60% and 40% smaller, respectively.

WEPCH186	Present Status of FFAG Accelerators in KURRI for ADS Study	acceleration, booster, proton, ion	2367
	M. Tanigaki, M. Inoue, K. Mishima, S. Shiroya KURRI, Osaka S. Fukumoto, Y. Ishi Mitsubishi Electric Corp, Energy & Public Infrastructure Systems Center, Kobe S. Machida CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon Y. Mori KEK, Ibaraki
	KART (Kumatori Accelerator driven Reactor Test) project is in progress at the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI) since fiscal year 2002. We are now constructing a 150 MeV proton FFAG accelerator complex as a neutron production driver for this project. The whole of this FFAG complex is expected to be in the test operation around the spring in 2006. The developments and the current status of this accelerator complex, including the current status of this project, will be presented.

WEPCH189	Design of the 20 MeV User Facilities of Proton Engineering Frontier Project	proton, quadrupole, optics, survey	2376
	K. R. Kim, Jae-Keun Kil. Kil, C.-Y. Lee, J.S. Lee, B.-S. Park KAERI, Daejon
	The user facilities of PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project) was designed. It is composed of two beamlines at the first stage and has possibility of expansion to five beamlines. One is low flux beamline for the technology developments in the fields of biological and space sciences and the other is high flux beamline for the utilization in the fields of nano and material sciences. The flux density is 1E+8~1E+10 protons/cm2-sec and 1E+10~1E+13 protons/cm2-sec each. The available energy range is 5~20MeV and the irradiation area is larger than 10cm in diameter with uniformity more than 90% for both. The specifications of these beamlines mentioned above were decided on the basis of result of user demand survey and operation experience of 45MeV proton beam test beamline installed at the MC-50 cyclotron of KIRAMS (Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science). The key components of these beamlines are bending magnets, magnetic quadrupole doublet or triplet, collimators, scanning magnets, target stage with water cooling system, degrader for energy control, scattering foils for flux control, etc. The beam optics was calculated using TRANSPORT and TRACE 3D simulation code.

WEPCH192	Compact Electron Linear Accelerator RELUS-5 for Radiation Technology Application	electron, power-supply, vacuum, feedback	2385
	D.A. Zavadtsev, A.I. Fadin, A.A. Krasnov, N.P. Sobenin MEPhI, Moscow A.A. Zavadtsev Introscan, Moscow
	The electron linear accelerator for radiation technology application is designed to meet the following main requirements: 3-5 MeV energy, 3-6 microsecond pulse width, and 1 kW average beam power. The accelerating system is a 0.5 m long S-band standing wave on-axis coupled biperiodic structure. A 35-40 kV electron gun with spherical cathode is used as the injector. The RF generator is a 2.5 MW peak power 4 kW average power magnetron. The generated frequency is stabilized by a high Q-factor accelerating system connected into feed-back of the magnetron. The magnetron is fed by a compact 45-55 kV IGBT based modulator. The accelerator is controlled through a PLC-based control system.

WEPCH194	Complex for X-ray Inspection of Large Containers	radiation, electron, shielding, target	2388
	V.M. Pirozhenko, V.M. Belugin, V.V. Elyan, A.V. Mischenko, N.E. Rozanov, B.S. Sychev, V.V. Vetrov MRTI RAS, Moscow Yu.Ya. Kokorovets, V.D. Ryzhikov, N.A. Shumeiko, S.Ya. Yatsenko Communar, Kharkov A.N. Korolev, K.G. Simonov ISTOK, Moscow Region
	The X-ray inspection complex is intended for non-intrusive inspection of large containers in the seaport. The complex has been developed, manufactured, and tested. To provide two projections of irradiated container and ensure reliable inspection, the complex includes two sets each containing self-shielded X-ray source and L-shaped detector array. The X-ray source includes electron linear accelerator with 7.3 MeV energy, conversion target, local radiation shielding, and alignment means. The accelerator uses standing wave bi-periodic structure fed by magnetron generator with 2.8 GHz frequency. It provides intensive electron beam without application of external magnetic field for the beam focusing. This feature makes it possible to use massive local radiation shielding made from iron. The radiation shielding provides large attenuation of scattered X-rays and ensures the radiation safety for personnel as well as high sensitivity of detecting system and good penetrability of the complex.

WEPLS005	The Target Drive for the MICE Experiment	target, insertion, vacuum, acceleration	2403
	C.N. Booth, L.C. Howlett, P.J. Smith Sheffield University, Sheffield N. Schofield University of Manchester, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Manchester
	The MICE experiment requires a beam of low energy muons to test muon cooling. This beam will be derived parasitically from the ISIS accelerator. A novel target mechanism is being developed which will allow the insertion of a small titanium target into the proton beam halo on demand. The target must remain outside the beam envelope during acceleration, and then overtake the shrinking beam envelope to enter up to 5 mm into the beam during the last 2 ms before extraction. The technical specifications are demanding, requiring large accelerations and precise and reproducible location of the target each cycle. The mechanism must operate in a high radiation environment, and the moving parts must be compatible with the stringent requirements of the accelerator's vacuum system. A prototype linear electromagnetic drive has been built, and the performance is being measured and improved to meet the design specifications. Details of the drive, position readout and control systems will be presented, together with the performance achieved to date.

WEPLS040	Progress towards an Experimental Test of an Active Microwave Medium Based Accelerator	electron, laser, resonance, acceleration	2463
	A. Kanareykin Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio P. Schoessow Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado L. Schächter Technion, Haifa
	We have been working on an experimental test of the PASER concept, where an active medium is used to provide the energy for accelerating charged particles. Initial theoretical work in this area focused on acceleration at optical frequencies; however we have identified a candidate active material operating in the X-band: a solution of fullerene (C60) in a nematic liquid crystal has been found to exhibit a maser transition* in this frequency range. The ability to employ a microwave frequency material simplifies the construction of test structures and allows beam experiments to be performed with relatively large beam emittances. We will report results on synthesis and testing of the active material using EPR spectroscopy, design and numerical simulations of bench test structures and plans for future beam experiments. *A. Blank et al. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques 46 (2137) 1998.

WEPLS068	The IASA Magnetic Field Mapping (MFM) Project	electron, resonance, dipole, TESLA	2538
	E.P. Pournaras, A. Karabarbounis, C.N. Papanicolas, E. Stiliaris IASA, Athens
	The design and development of an automatic magnetic field mapping device as supporting equipment for the 10 MeV CW-Linac and its transport system at the Institute of Accelerating Systems and Applications (IASA) is presented. The MFM project aims to totally automate the operation of mapping room temperature magnetic field sources, reconstruct the 3D-field shape and reveal nonlinearities in the fridge field regions. The positioning system covers an area of 50x50 cm2 with an accuracy of less than 20 ?m in both axes; magnetic field measurements, mainly based on a Hall probe, can reach in precision the 1x 10^-4 value. Several software tools for the visualization of the measured fields and for a direct comparison with theoretical estimates are also presented.

WEPLS100	Performance of LHC Main Dipoles for Beam Operation	dipole, LHC, CERN, target	2610
	G. De Rijk, M. Bajko, L. Bottura, M.C.L. Buzio, V. Chohan, L. Deniau, P. Fessia, J. Garcia Perez, P. Hagen, J.-P. Koutchouk, J. Kozak, J. Miles, M. Missiaen, M. Modena, P. Pugnat, V. Remondino, L. Rossi, S. Sanfilippo, F. Savary, A.P. Siemko, N. Smirnov, A. Stafiniak, E. Todesco, D. Tommasini, J. Vlogaert, C. Vollinger, L. Walckiers, E.Y. Wildner CERN, Geneva
	At present about 75% of the main dipoles for the LHC have been manufactured and one of the three cold mass assemblers has already completed the production. More than two third of the 1232 dipoles needed for the tunnel have been tested and accepted. In this paper we mainly deal with the performance results: the quench behavior, the magnetic field quality, the electrical integrity quality and the geometry features will be summarized. The variations in performance associated with different cold mass assemblers and superconducting cable origins will be discussed.

WEPLS103	The Field Description Model for the LHC Quadrupole Superconducting Magnets	LHC, quadrupole, CERN, insertion	2619
	N.J. Sammut, L. Bottura, S. Sanfilippo CERN, Geneva J. Micallef University of Malta, Faculty of Engineering, Msida
	The LHC control system requires an accurate forecast of the magnetic field and the multipole field errors to reduce the burden on the beam-based feed-back. The Field Description for the LHC (FIDEL) is the core of this forecast system and is based on the identification and physical decomposition of the effects that contribute to the total field in the magnet apertures. The effects are quantified using the data obtained from series magnetic measurements at CERN and they are consequently modelled empirically or theoretically depending on the complexity of the physical phenomena. This paper presents a description of the methodology used to model the field of the LHC magnets particularly focusing on the results obtained for the LHC Quadrupoles (MQ, MQM and MQY).

WEPLS119	Power Converters for the ISIS Second Target Station Project (TS-2)	septum, proton, pulsed-power, power-supply	2655
	S.L. Birch, A. Morris, S.P. Stoneham CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	The Extract Proton Beamline to the ISIS second target station will require magnets to be powered by ac/dc power converters. A total of 50 magnets, quadrupole and dipole, require high stability dc current converters over a large dynamic range from several kW to 600kW. There is also a requirement for two 10Hz pulsed magnets to extract the proton beam from the present 50Hz target beamline, and hence specially designed power supplies are necessary. This paper describes the selection process, types of topology considerations and final selections.

WEPLS122	Multiphase Resonant Power Converter for High Energy Physics Applications	power-supply, radio-frequency, feedback, klystron	2658
	M.J. Bland, J. Clare, P. W. Wheeler University of Nottingham, Nottingham
	Accelerators used for experiments in high-energy physics require very high power radio frequency sources to provide the energy needed to accelerate the particles. The RF power needs to be stable and predictable such that any variation in the supplied RF power has a limited and acceptable impact on the accelerated beam quality. This paper considers the design of a "long-pulse" modulator supply rated at 25kV, 10A (250kW peak power, duty ratio 10%, 25kW average power, pulse length ≈ 1 − 2ms). The supply is based on direct modulation of a multi-phase resonant power supply, fed by an active rectifier. The objectives of the development are to produce a compact power supply, with low stored energy and with high power quality at the utility supply. The paper provides a brief overview of the technology, followed by a discussion of the design choices. Initial results from the laboratory prototype will be included.

WEPLS123	Initial Experimental Results of a New Direct Converter for High Energy Physics Applications	power-supply, radio-frequency, booster, target	2661
	D. Cook, M. Catucci, J. Clare, P. W. Wheeler University of Nottingham, Nottingham C. Oates Areva T&D, Stafford J.S. Przybyla, R. Richardson e2v Technologies, Essex
	This paper presents practical results for a new type of power supply for high energy physics CW applications. The converter is a direct topology operating with a high frequency (resonant) link. Losses are minimised by switching at zero current. High operating frequency reduces the filter and transformer size. The transformer uses the latest nano-crystalline materials to further reduce losses. Where possible, circuit elements are incorporated into the transformer to reduce the physical size of the converter. Design of this transformer to accommodate the insulation, VA rating and circuit elements is non-trivial. The Radio Frequency power generated is stable and predictable, whilst the reduced energy storage in filter components removes the need for crowbar circuits. Potential benefits of this converter when compared to conventional approaches are discussed. These include reduced energy storage, reduced turn-on time and enhanced energy density when compared with existing topologies. Preliminary practical results are promising and are presented along with simulation results.

WEPLS124	Diamond Booster Magnet Power Converters	booster, dipole, DIAMOND, quadrupole	2664
	J.A. Dobbing, C.A. Abraham, R.J. Rushton Diamond, Oxfordshire F. Cagnolati, M.P.C. Pretelli, L. Sita O.C.E.M. S.p.A., Bologna G. Facchini CERN, Geneva C. Rossi CASY, Bologna
	This paper will describe the design, factory tests, commissioning and early operation of the Diamond Booster Power Converters. The Power Converters covered are the Dipole, Quadrupole with two outputs, two bi-polar Sextupoles and 44 Steerers. The actual achieved performance will be compared with the specification and the extensive modelling that was carried out during the design phase. The design includes measures to enhance the reliability of the power converters, such as redundancy, plug-in modularity, component de-rating and component standardisation. All the Diamond power converters use the same digital controller, manufactured under licence from the Paul Scherrer Institute.

WEPLS125	Diamond Storage Ring Magnet Power Converters	dipole, quadrupole, sextupole, power-supply	2667
	R.J. Rushton, C.A. Abraham, J.A. Dobbing Diamond, Oxfordshire F. Cagnolati, G. Facchini, M.P.C. Pretelli, V.R. Rossi, L. Sita O.C.E.M. S.p.A., Bologna C. Rossi CASY, Bologna
	The DC Magnet Power Converter requirements for the Storage Ring of the Diamond Project are described together with performance, commissioning and initial operating experience. In addition to meeting the required performance, emphasis during the design phase was placed on reliability and minimising the mean time to repair a power converter. A modular design, built-in redundancy, EMC filtering and testing, component de-rating and standardisation have all been adopted. The power modules for the 200A supplies were subject to highly accelerated stress screening. All converters are switched mode with full digital control and a common control interface. Every power converter appears identical to the Controls Network, from the lowest power corrector up to the 800 kW Storage Ring Dipole Converter.

WEPLS126	CNAO Resonance Sextupole Magnet Power Converters	power-supply, sextupole, proton, ion	2670
	M.F. Farioli, F. Burini, S. Carrozza, M. Cavazza, S. Minisgallo, M.P.C. Pretelli, G. Taddia O.C.E.M. S.p.A., Bologna D. Bagnara, M. Spera, A. Tilli, M. Toniato CASY, Bologna I. De Cesaris CNAO Foundation, Milan M. Incurvati, C. Sanelli INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
	The CNAO Resonance Sextupole Magnet Power Converter requirements for the Storage Ring of the CNAO Project are described together with performance and initial operating experience. In particular the achieved performances will be compared with the specification and the extensive modelling that was done during the design phase. Not only the tight required performances were emphasized during the design phase but also particular attention was put on reliability and minimization of the repairing time (MTTR). Some fundamental criteria, like component de-rating and standardisation, have also been taken into account during the component choice phase. All converters adopt the switching technology with full digital control and a common control interface, that, as for the other CNAO power converters, uses the same digital controller, under licence from the Diamond Light Source.

WEPLS127	CNAO Storage Ring Dipole Magnet Power Converter 3000A / ±1600V	power-supply, dipole, synchrotron, simulation	2673
	M.P.C. Pretelli, F. Burini, S. Carrozza, M. Cavazza, M.F. Farioli, S. Minisgallo, G. Taddia O.C.E.M. S.p.A., Bologna I. De Cesaris CNAO Foundation, Milan M. Incurvati, C. Sanelli INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) F. Ronchi, C. Rossi, M. Spera, M. Toniato CASY, Bologna
	This paper will describe the design and simulations of the CNAO Dipole Power Converter rated 3000A / ±1600V. The Power Converter will feed the 16+1 synchrotron bending dipole magnets of the CNAO Storage Ring. The actual design confirms how the choice of a 24-pulses, 4 bridges series-parallel connected, active filter, bipolar voltage, meets the stringent requested technical specification ( 10^-5 of maximum current for the output current residual ripple and setting resolution). The extensive modelling will also be presented. The design includes the strength of the topology design, component de-rating and component standardisation. As the other CNAO power converters, the Storage Ring Dipole Power Converter uses the same digital controller, under licence from the Diamond Light Source.

WEPLS128	The Italian Hadrontherapy Center (CNAO): A Review of the Power Supply System for Conventional Magnets	synchrotron, dipole, power-supply, quadrupole	2676
	M. Incurvati, C. Sanelli INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) L. Balbo, N. Balbo, A. Tescari EEI, Vicenza F. Burini, S. Carrozza, M. Cavazza, M.F. Farioli, S. Minisgallo, M.P.C. Pretelli, G. Taddia O.C.E.M. S.p.A., Bologna I. De Cesaris CNAO Foundation, Milan
	A hadron (Carbon/Proton) medical centre based on a synchrotron accelerator dedicated to the cure of deep tumours is under construction in Pavia (Italy) under the joint responsibility of CNAO (Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica) and INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare). This paper describes the power supply system, made up of about 200 units designed by LNF, and whose converters for the synchrotron ring and related low, medium and high energy transfer lines are now under construction by the major Italian companies. The power supplies requirements and electrical characteristics will be reported describing the most interesting topologies that fulfill the requested performances together with the main features of each power supply topology. Synchrotron dipoles, quadrupoles, sextupoles and resonance sextupole power supplies have tight characteristics with respect to precision class (current resolution, residual ripple, short-long term stability, etc.) that range from 5 ppm to 500 ppm, fast dynamical response with bandwidth up to some hundreds hertz, high power from tens of kW to many MW and output current ranging from hundreds of A to 3 kA.

WEPLS131	Programmable Power Supply for Distribution Magnet for 20-MeV PEFP Proton Linac	power-supply, proton, extraction, damping	2682
	S.-H. Jeong, J. Choi, H.-S. Kang, D.E. Kim, K.-H. Park PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
	The distribution magnet is powered by bipolar switching-mode converter that is employed IGBT module and has controlled by a DSP (Digital Signal Process). This power supply is operated at 350A, 5 Hz programmable stair output for beam distribution to 5 beamlines of 20-MeV PEFP proton linac. Various applications for the different power supply are made simple by software. This paper describes the design and test results of the power supply.

WEPLS132	New Magnet Power Supply for PAL Linac	linac, power-supply, quadrupole, damping	2685
	S.-C. Kim, J. Choi, K.M. Ha, J.Y. Huang, J.H. Kim, S.H. Kim, I.S. Ko, S.S. Park PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
	Since the completion of PLS in 1994, PLS Linac magnet power supply(MPS) has been operated for 12 years with 12-bit resolution and 0.1% stability. Improvement in the resolution and the reliability of the Linac MPS is highly required now for the stable beam injection and 4th generation light source research. To improve MPS, we developed new compact MPS of 16-bit resolution and 20ppm stability using four-quadrant switching scheme with 50kHz MOSFET switching device. Bipolar MPS for corrector magnet consists of main power board, control power board, regulator board and CPU board. Size of each board is only 100mm width and 240mm depth. Unipolar MPS for quadrupoles and solenoid magnets is composed by parallel-operation of two main power boards, doubling the current output. Output of MPS is 10V, ±10A for the bipolar and 50V, 50A for the unipolar magnet. In this paper, we report on the development and characteristics of the new MPS for PAL linac.

WEPLS133	Stability Study of Superconductor Magnet Power Supplies at TLS	power-supply, superconducting-magnet, insertion, insertion-device	2688
	Y.-C. Chien, K.-T. Hsu, C.-S. Hwang, C.-Y. Liu, K.-B. Liu NSRRC, Hsinchu
	In this paper, performance of three power supplies schemes driving the newly-developed Superconducting Wave Length Shifter Magnet at TLS is investigated. Due to the inherent structure of the Superconducting Magnet, the main and two accessory trimming power supplies are physically correlated with each others. Due to the inherent structure, in order to achieve high performance control of the magnet, slew rate control of the main power supply and the proper operation sequence have to be properly managed, otherwise, small current disturbance can occurs, which may disgrade the stability of the performance of Superconducting Magnet.

WEPLS134	Design and Modeling of the Step Down Piezo Transformer	impedance, simulation, power-supply, feedback	2691
	C.-Y. Liu, Y.-C. Chien, K.-B. Liu NSRRC, Hsinchu
	The energy conversion and the step down voltage waveform of the piezo transformer are required to achieve optimal working condition of the resonate frequency. To meet this requirement, a reliable and precise instrument is needed to scan the resonated point of the piezo transformer such that the piezo transformer's output performance can meet required specification. In this paper, design and modeling of a new step down piezo transformer deployed in NSRRC is described. This step down piezo transformer is capable of delivering energy conversion with high efficiency performance, which is better than traditional transformer, and the voltage transfer ratio is correct. The simulation circuit model used to develop driver circuit of the piezo transformer is also included in the design of this new step down transformer. It has been tested and proven to be working well in power conversion with excellent efficiency and reliability.

WEPLS142	The Importance of Layout and Configuration Data for Flexibility during Commissioning and Operation of the LHC Machine Protection Systems	LHC, extraction, superconducting-magnet, CERN	2712
	J. Mariethoz, F.B. Bernard, R.H. Harrison, P. Le Roux, M.P. Peryt, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva
	Due to the large stored energies in both magnets and particle beams, the LHC requires a large inventory of machine protection systems, as e.g. powering interlock systems, based on a series of distributed industrial controllers for the protection of the more than 10,000 normal and superconducting magnets. Such systems are required to be at the same time fast, reliable and secure but also flexible and configurable to allow for automated commissioning, remote monitoring and optimization during later operation. Based on the generic hardware architecture of the LHC machine protection systems presented at EPAC 2002 and ICALEPS 2003, the use of configuration data for protection systems in view of the required reliability and safety is discussed. To achieve the very high level of reliability, it is required to use a coherent description of the layout of the accelerator components and of the associated machine protection architecture and their logical interconnections. Mechanisms to guarantee coherency of data and repositories and secure configuration of safety critical systems are presented. This paper focuses on the first system being commissioned, the complex magnet powering system.

WEPLS143	SLS Operation Management: Methods and Tools	SLS, feedback, diagnostics, power-supply	2715
	A. Lüdeke PSI, Villigen
	Users of 3rd generation synchrotron light sources desire not only a high flux on their samples and sub-micron beam stability, they expect at the same time a beam availability close to 100 percent. To reach and maintain a very high availability put special demands on the operation management of a light source. We will illustrate the procedures used at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) to deal with beam interruptions and explain the tools used for operation management.

THOPA03	An Integrated Femtosecond Timing Distribution System for XFELs	laser, electron, free-electron-laser, FEL	2744
	J. Kim, J. Burnham, dc. Cheever, J. Chen, F.X. Kaertner MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts M. Ferianis ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste F.O. Ilday Bilkent University, Bilkent, Ankara F. Ludwig, H. Schlarb, A. Winter DESY, Hamburg
	Tightly synchronized lasers and rf-systems with timing jitter in the few femtoseconds range are an important component of future x-ray free electron laser facilities. In this paper, we present an optical-rf phase detector that is capable of extracting an rf-signal from an optical pulse stream without amplitude-to-phase conversion. Extraction of a microwave signal with less than 10 fs timing jitter (from 1 Hz to 10 MHz) from an optical pulse stream is demonstrated. Scaling of this component to sub-femtosecond resolution is discussed. Together with low noise mode-locked lasers, timing-stabilized optical fiber links and compact optical cross-correlators, a flexible femtosecond timing distribution system with potentially sub-10 fs precision over distances of a few kilometres can be constructed. Experimental results on both synchronized rf and laser sources will be presented. A. Winter et al. "Synchronization of Femtosecond Pulses", Proceedings of FEL 2005.*J. Kim et al. "Large-Scale Timing Distribution and RF-Synchronization for FEL Facilities", Proc. of FEL 2004.
	Transparencies

THPCH084	Control Path of Longitudinal Multibunch-feedback System at HERA-p	kicker, proton, feedback, FIR	2982
	F.E. Eints, S. Choroba, M.G. Hoffmann, U. Hurdelbrink, P.M. Morozov, J. Randhahn, S. Ruzin, S. Simrock DESY, Hamburg
	A longitudinal broadband damper system to control coupled bunch instabilities has been developed and installed in the proton accelerator HERA-p at the DESY. The control system consists of a control path and a Fast Diagnostic System (FDS) for oscillation diagnostic. The control path consists of FPGA-based digital controller, vector modulator, 1kW power amplifier, kicker-cavity and beam. In the FDS, the bunch phase signals are sampled by a digital FPGA board with 14Bit ADC (controller) with a sampling frequency of 10.4MHz. Phase calculation for all bunches and offset correction will be done by FPGA software which includes a digital filter. The filter has to be able to deal with a slowly changing synchrotron frequency. Here we consider a filter design which treats each of maximum 220 bunches as an independent oscillator which has to be damped. More sophisticated mode filter algorithms may be required to get better noise performance. The FPGA-board output signal modulates a 104 MHz sine-wave. The resulting logitudinal correction kick signal is provided by the kicker-cavity. Beside the technical details we present first operational experience and the actual system performance.

THPCH085	The Longitudinal Coupled Bunch Feedback for HERA-p	feedback, kicker, diagnostics, luminosity	2985
	M.G. Hoffmann, S. Choroba, F.E. Eints, U. Hurdelbrink, P.M. Morozov, J. Randhahn, S. Ruzin, S. Simrock, E. Vogel, R. Wagner DESY, Hamburg
	A longitudinal broadband damper system to control coupled bunch instabilities has recently been constructed and installed in the 920~GeV proton accelereator HERA-p at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY. This represents one of the attempts to increase the specific luminosity at HERA by reducing the bunch length. The final bunch length is defined by the initial emittance after injection and by the acceleration process where multiply occuring coupled bunch instabilities provoke bunch length blow up at discrete energies during the ramp. The actual feedback design consists of a fast, high precision bunch centroid phase detector, a 1~kW feedback cavity with 104~MHz centre frequency and 8~MHz bandwidth (FWHM), a I/Q-vector modulator, the low level digital FPGA-board with 14 Bit ADCs and DACs and a cavity transient diagnostics. The system measures the phases of all bunches and calculates corrections in real time (bunch spacing: 96~ns) which are then applied to the beam via a longitudinal kicker. The filter deals with a slowly changing synchrotron frequency (20-80 Hz).

THPCH086	Design of a Local IP Orbit Feedback at HERA-e	electron, feedback, proton, interaction-region	2988
	J. Keil, O. Kaul, E. Negodin, R. Neumann DESY, Hamburg
	At the electron-proton collider HERA it is often observed that the proton emittance growth rate of colliding bunches is larger compared to non-colliding proton bunches. In addition the proton background rates are increasing when the two beams are brought into collision. There are indications that a contribution comes from closed orbit oscillations of the electron beam at the two IPs. In the arcs of HERA-e oscillation amplitudes of 100-200 micrometer with frequencies of 2-15 Hz and harmonics of 50 Hz are observed. In order to stabilize the orbit at the IPs in both planes a local digital orbit feedback system with a bandwidth of more than 20 Hz has been developed. The beam position at the IPs is measured with BPMs using dedicated electronics. The four local orbit bumps are produced by air-coil steerer magnets. The data are transmitted using SEDAC field bus lines to a central PC, which is used for the computation of the correction.

THPCH091	Status of the ELETTRA Global Orbit Feedback Project	feedback, electron, ELETTRA, closed-orbit	3003
	M. Lonza, D. Bulfone, R. De Monte, V. Forchi', G. Gaio ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	A fast digital feedback system is under development to stabilize the electron beam closed orbit at the ELETTRA storage ring in the band up to 300 Hz. In view of the implementation of the feedback, the existing orbit measurement system will be upgraded to allow for better accuracy in the beam position measurement and higher acquisition rate. A global correction algorithm running on a number of distributed processing units will correct the orbit using all of the storage ring steerer magnets. The status of the project development is given in this article.

THPCH093	Bunch-by-bunch Feedback for the Photon Factory Storage Ring	feedback, damping, impedance, kicker	3009
	W.X. Cheng, T. Honda, M. Izawa, T. Obina, M.T. Tadano, M. Tobiyama KEK, Ibaraki K. Kobayashi, T. Nakamura JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken
	After the straight-section upgrade in 2005, the PF (Photon Factory) ring will start the top-up operation or the continuous mode in 2006. Previously the octupole magnets were used to suppress the transverse coupled bunch instability and RF modulation method to enhance the bunch length has been effectively used to suppress the longitudinal instabilities. However, such kind of methods are not suitable for the top-up operation, we are preparing active bunch-by-bunch feedback systems for both transverse and longitudinal plane. The transverse feedback system has been installed along with the straight-section upgrade, this system uses a FPGA based feedback processor board developed at the SPring-8, both horizontal and vertical signals are processed in a single control loop. For the longitudinal feedback, a two-port DAFNE type wide-band cavity has been designed and is now manufacturing, a digital signal processing part is under design, the whole system will start commissioning in autumn 2006.

THPCH094	Fully Digitized Synchronizing and Orbit Feed-back Control System in the KEK Induction Synchrotron	induction, synchrotron, acceleration, KEK	3012
	K. Torikai, Y. Arakida, Y. Shimosaki, K. Takayama KEK, Ibaraki
	A concept of "Induction Synchrotron", where an extremely long bunch captured by the step barrier-voltages is accelerated with the induction accelerating voltage, is being to be fully demonstrated in the KEK 12GeV-PS for the first time. Attractive applications of the induction synchrotron are such as higher intensity proton drivers, future high luminosity hadron colliders with superbunch, and arbitral-ion accelerators. Synchronization between the voltage-pulse generation and the beam circulation, accelerating voltage control, and beam-orbit control without beam-rf phase, which is analogous to Delta-R feedback in an RF synchrotron, are indispensable in the induction synchrotron. A fully digitized real-time pulse density and discrete timing control system with 1GHz DSPs has been newly developed. Notable characteristics of the control system, some of which are synchronization at 1MHz revolution frequency with 8ns timing accuracy, are explained in detail. Experimental results of the induction acceleration with the digital orbit controller are also presented in this paper. K. Torikai et al. "Acceleration and Confinement of a Proton Bunch with the Induction Acceleration System in the KEK Proton Synchrotron", submitted to Phys.Rev.ST-AB(2005), KEK-Preprint 2005-80.

THPCH096	Intra Bunch Train Feedback System for the European X-FEL	pick-up, feedback, XFEL, coupling	3017
	V. Schlott, M. Dehler, B. Keil, R. Kramert, A. Lounine, G. Marinkovic, P. Pollet, M. Roggli, T. Schilcher, P. Spuhler, D.M. Treyer PSI, Villigen
	After joining the preparatory phase of the European X-FEL project, the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) agreed in taking over responsibility for electron beam stabilization by developing a fast intra bunch train feedback (IBFB) system, which will be tested in its prototype version at the VUV-FEL facility at DESY. The IBFB will make use of the long bunch trains provided by the superconducting drive accelerators of the VUV- as well as the European X-FEL allowing to damp beam motions in a frequency range of a few kHz up to several hundreds of kHz applying modern control algorithms in a feedback loop. The FPGA-based, digital data processing and the low latency time (preferably < 200 ns) permit the elimination of long range (from bunch train to bunch train) and ultra fast (bunch by bunch) repetitive beam movements by adaptive feed forwards. In this paper, we will introduce the IBFB design concept and report on first test measurements with newly designed stripline beam position monitors for the VUV-FEL.

THPCH097	Commissioning of the Digital Transverse Bunch-by-bunch Feedback System for the TLS	feedback, FIR, kicker, damping	3020
	K.H. Hu, J. Chen, P.J. Chou, K.-T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, C.H. Kuo, D. Lee, C.-J. Wang NSRRC, Hsinchu A. Chao SLAC, Menlo Park, California K. Kobayashi, T. Nakamura JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken W.-T. Weng BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	Multi-bunch instabilities degrade the beam quality leading to increased beam emittance, energy spread or even to beam loss. The feedback system is used to suppress multi-bunch instabilities due to resistive wall of the beam ducts, cavity-like structures and trapped ions. A new digital transverse bunch-by-bunch feedback system was commissioned at the Taiwan Light Source recently, and has replaced the previous analog system. The new system has the advantages that it enlarges the tune acceptance compared with the old system, enhances damping for transverse instability at high current, and as a result, top-up operation was achieved. In this new system, a single feedback loop simultaneously suppresses both the horizontal and vertical multi-bunch instabilities. The feedback system employs the latest generation FPGA feedback processor to process bunch signals. Memory installed to capture up to 250 msec bunch oscillation signal has included the considerations for system diagnostic and should be able to support various beam physics study.

THPCH099	A Turn-by-turn, Bunch-by-bunch Diagnostics System for the PEP-II Transverse Feedback Systems	feedback, SLAC, damping, injection	3026
	R. Akre, W.S. Colocho, A. Krasnykh, V. Pacak, R. Steele, U. Wienands SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	A diagnostics system centered around commercial fast 8-bit digitizer boards has been implemented for the transverse feedback systems at PEP-II. The boards can accumulate bunch-by-bunch position data for 4800 turns (35 ms) in the x plane and the y plane. A dedicated trigger chassis allows to trigger the data acquisition on demand, or on an injection shot to diagnose injection problems, and provides gating signals for grow-damp measurements. Usually, the boards constantly acquire data and a beam abort stops data acquitision, thus preserving the last 4800 turns of position information before a beam abort. Software in a local PC reads out the boards and transfers data to a fileserver. Matlab-based data analysis software allows to present the raw data but also higher-level functions like spectra, modal analysis, spectrograms and other functions. The system has been instrumental in diagnosing beam instabilities in PEP. This paper will describe the architecture of the system and its applications.

THPCH100	New Fast Dither System for PEP-II	feedback, luminosity, SLAC, closed-orbit	3029
	S.M. Gierman, S. Ecklund, R.C. Field, A.S. Fisher, P. Grossberg, K.E. Krauter, E.S. Miller, M. Petree, K.G. Sonnad, N. Spencer, M.K. Sullivan, K.K. Underwood, U. Wienands SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	The PEP-II B-Factory uses multiple feedback systems to stabilize the orbits of its stored beams and to optimize their performance in collision [1]. This paper describes an upgrade to the feedback system responsible for optimizing the overlap of colliding beams at the interaction point (IP). The effort was motivated by a desire to shorten the response time of the feedback, particularly in the context of machine-tuning tasks. We describe the original feedback system, the design for the new one, and give a status report on the installation.

THPCH101	Modeling and Simulation of Longitudinal Dynamics for LER-HER PEP II Rings	simulation, feedback, klystron, impedance	3032
	C.H. Rivetta, J.D. Fox, T. Mastorides, D. Teytelman, D. Van Winkle SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	A time domain dynamic model and simulation tool for beam-cavity interactions in LER and HER rings at PEP II is presented. The motivation for this tool is to explore the stability margins and performance limits of PEP II LLRF systems at higher currents and upgraded RF configurations. It also serves as test bed for new control algorithms and to define the ultimate limits of the architecture. The tool captures the dynamical behavior of the beam-cavity interaction based on a reduced model. It includes nonlinear elements in the klystron and signal processing. The beam current is represented by macro-bunches. Multiple RF stations in the ring are represented via one or two single macro-cavities. Each macro-cavity captures the overall behavior of all the 2 or 4 cavity RF stations. This allows modeling the longitudinal impedance control loops interacting with the longitudinal beam model. Validation of simulation tool is in progress by comparing the measured growth rates for both LER and HER rings with simulation results. The simulated behavior of both machines at high currents are presented comparing different control strategies and the effect of non-linear klystrons and the linearizer.

THPCH102	Fast Global Orbit Feedback System in SPEAR3	feedback, power-supply, undulator, diagnostics	3035
	A. Terebilo, T. Straumann SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	New digital global orbit feedback system is under commissioning in SPEAR3 light source. The system has 4kHz sampling rate and 200Hz bandwidth. Correction algorithm is based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of the orbit response matrix. For performance tuning and additional flexibility when adding or removing correctors and BPMs, we implemented an independent PID control loop for every orbit eigenvector used. This paper discusses performance of the new system and some advantages of multiple PID loops in the eigenvector space versus a single PID loop working on the raw orbit error.

THPCH106	ISAC II RF Controls - Status and Commissioning	resonance, CERN, target, damping	3047
	M.P. Laverty, S.F. Fang, K. Fong, Q. Zheng TRIUMF, Vancouver
	The rf control system for the 20 ISAC II superconducting cavities is a hybrid analogue/digital design which has undergone several iterations in the course of its development. In the current design, the cavity operates in a self-excited feedback loop, while phase locked loops are used to achieve frequency and phase stability. One digital signal processor provides amplitude and phase regulation, while a second is used for mechanical cavity tuning control. The most recent version has been updated to incorporate newer hardware and software technology, as well as to allow for improved manufacturability and diagnostics. Operating firmware and software can be updated remotely, if the need arises and system security permits. This paper describes the RF control system, outlines the status of the system, and details the commissioning experience gained in operating this system with the first four-cavity cryomodule.

THPCH107	Upgrade of TRIUMF's 2C STF Control System	cyclotron, target, site, isotope-production	3050
	M. Mouat, I.A. Aguilar, E. Klassen, K.S. Lee, J.J. Pon, T.M. Tateyama, P.J. Yogendran TRIUMF, Vancouver
	One of TRIUMF's isotope production facilities, the 2C Solid Target Facility (STF), is being upgraded. This installation is located on a primary beamline of TRIUMF's 500 MeV Cyclotron. As a part of this upgrade project, the STF Control System is also being revised. Changes to the STF are meant to enhance reliability and maintainability. The existing STF controls have run very reliably and have provided the required functionality but were implemented in part using different technology to that used for the majority of the cyclotron's Central Control System. The new hardware and software controls should provide a simpler, more easily maintained configuration. Additional goals are to modify the user interface to more closely resemble the interface used for running the 500 MeV Cyclotron, to enhance the event annunciation, and to increase the number of parameters logged.

THPCH108	Status of SOLEIL Control Systems	SOLEIL, ESRF, storage-ring, booster	3053
	A. Buteau, P. Betinelli, L.S. Nadolski SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
	The SOLEIL light source is a 2.75 GeV third generation synchrotron radiation facility under construction near Paris Storage ring commissioning is scheduled for April 2006 and 10 BL operation for the end of 2006. This paper will describe the technical solution choosen for the control systems of accelerators and beamlines, and will give the status of the deployment. On the hardware side, the SOLEIL Controls team has implemented an industrial approach using PLCs, standard Motion Controlers and CPCI Systems. The details of our technical choices and architectures will be described in this paper. On the software side, the SOLEIL Controls team has worked closely with ESRF's one on the TANGO framework since 2002. A quick tour on the TANGO software components used for SOLEIL Controls will be detailed. On the supervision layer, SOLEIL has choosen Java as the core technology, using javabeans components provided by the TANGO toolkit within an industrial SCADA (GlobalScreen). These tools and components for Graphical User Interface development will be presented. At last, an overview of the deployment of these systems on our installation will conclude this document.

THPCH109	Control Applications for SOLEIL Commissioning and Operation	SOLEIL, storage-ring, synchrotron, booster	3056
	L.S. Nadolski, A. Buteau, J. Chinkumo, R.C. Cuoq, X. Deletoille, M.O. Ounsy, S. Petit, K.S. Saintin SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
	Synchrotron SOLEIL, the French third generation light source being commissioned in 2006, is the first facility using TANGO as a full control system. Control applications for operation and Beam Physics Dynamics have being developed using two major tools: the Matlab Middle Layer adapted from ALS and Spear3, and GlobalSCREEN, commercial SCADA software. Both tools are fully interfaced with the TANGO control system. In this paper, a sketch of the software architecture is shown. Then Storage Ring applications developed in house are presented. Finally configuration and database related applications (archiving, snapshot) are briefly described.

THPCH110	The New Control System for the Future Low-emittance Light Source PETRA 3 at DESY	DESY, PETRA, linac, synchrotron	3059
	R. Bacher DESY, Hamburg
	At DESY, the existing high-energy physics booster synchrotron PETRA 2 will be transformed into a 3rd-generation light source (PETRA 3) after the final shutdowm of HERA operation mid 2007. In addition, the technical systems and components of the pre-accelerators LINAC 2 and DESY 2 will be improved. Within the scope of this project, the control system and the front-end electronics will be upgraded. Key elements of the conceptual design are TINE (Threefold Integrated Network Environment) as integrating software bus to provide efficient data communication mechanisms and support services, control room applications based on the thick-client model for optimum visualization and performance and Java as programming language to ensure platform independence, server-side control APIs in various languages to allow choice of the language that is best suited for the control task to be done, a common device interface for generic access to various field buses, and CANopen as interface standard for device electronics to ensure long-term maintenance. The complete conceptual design and the current project status will be presented.

THPCH111	Digital Master Oscillator for the ISIS Synchrotron	simulation, synchrotron, lattice, target	3062
	C.W. Appelbee, M.G. Glover CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	Rutherford Appleton Laboratories in Oxfordshire is home to an 800MeV synchrotron particle accelerator called ISIS. Its main function is to direct a beam of protons into a heavy metal target to produce neutrons for scientists to analyse condensed matter. A second harmonic system is being developed to upgrade the beam current from 200uA to 300uA in order to drive a second target station. This is being achieved by the inclusion of four second harmonic cavities to increase the width of the RF bucket. In the past the six fundamental cavities were driven by an analogue master oscillator but the extra cavities will bring more difficultly in the phasing of the system. This could be more easily and precisely controlled by embedding a Direct Digital Synthesis core into an FPGA chip as the heart of a new digital Master Oscillator. This paper describes the initial research and feasibility of such a system for the setting up, phasing and synchronisation of the ten cavities in the ring. It also describes how more of the controls to the oscillator can be encompassed by digital means.

THPCH112	High-level Software for Diamond Commissioning and Operation	DIAMOND, booster, storage-ring, quadrupole	3065
	R. Bartolini, C. Christou, I.P.S. Martin, J.H. Rowland, B. Singh Diamond, Oxfordshire
	The Diamond accelerator complex is controlled with EPICS. While generic applications are provided by the EPICS toolkit, accelerator physics application for the commissioning and operation of the Diamond booster, storage ring and transfer line are mainly developed with MATLAB. The MATLAB Middle Layer tools developed at ALS and SPEAR3 have been extensively used and extended with many new applications. Experience using these tools during the commissioning of the Diamond booster, transfer lines and storage ring are reported.

THPCH113	The Diamond Light Source Control System	DIAMOND, vacuum, booster, linac	3068
	M.T. Heron, M.G. Abbott, P.H. Amos, K.A.R. Baker, Y.S. Chernousko, T.M. Cobb, C.A. Colborne, P.N. Denison, I.J. Gillingham, A. Gonias, P. Hamadyk, S.C. Lay, M.A. Leech, P.J. Leicester, M. McClory, U.K. Pedersen, N.P. Rees, A.J. Rose, J.H. Rowland, E.L. Shepherd, S.J. Singleton, I. Uzun, K. Vijayan Diamond, Oxfordshire S. Hunt PSI, Villigen P.H. Owens CCLRC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	Diamond is a new 3rd generation synchrotron light source currently being commissioned in the UK. The control system for Diamond will be a site-wide monitoring and control system for the accelerators, beamlines and conventional facilities. This paper presents the design and implementation of the Diamond control system, which is based on the EPICS control system toolkit. It will present the detailed choice of hardware and software, the solutions realised for interfacing and control of the major technical systems of Diamond, together with progress on installation and commissioning.

THPCH115	Timing System Upgrade for Top-up Injection at KEK Linac	injection, linac, KEKB, KEK	3071
	K. Furukawa, E. Kadokura, A. Kazakov, M. Satoh, T. Suwada KEK, Ibaraki
	KEK Linac provides electrons and positrons to Photon Factory (PF) and B-Factory (KEKB). Because of the nature of those factory machines both quantity and quality of the beams are required. In order to improve the injections, quasi top-up injections of electrons to PF and KEKB rings have been planned and a new beam transport line was built. Fast beam switching mechanisms are being developed and installed. The timing and control system is also reinforced to realize fast (50Hz) switching of rf timing pulses, low-level rf, beam instrumentation parameters, and beam feedback parameters. The present timing system provides precise (jitters down to 5ps) timing pulses to 150 devices. Many of the signals will be upgraded to enable the fast switching scheme with an event system. At the same time a double-fold synchronization between asynchronous Linac and PF rf signals was developed to achieve precise injection timing mainly because both rings have independent circumference correction systems.

THPCH116	Continuous Circumference Control and Timing System for Simultaneous Electron-positron Injection at the KEKB	linac, KEKB, injection, positron	3074
	M. Suetake, H. Koiso, Y. Ohnishi, K. Oide KEK, Ibaraki
	We have continuously controlled ring circumference with a new method of synthesizer control at the KEKB. The new method stands for continuous controlling of reference frequency of synthesizers. Due to the new circumference control, we stabilized the KEKB circumference within about 6 micrometers. In Fall 2006, KEKB will introduce simultaneous electron-positron injection scheme. We have to change the timing system of KEKB to control the injection phase with pulse-to-pulse injection. We show the plan of the new timing system due to the simultaneous injection scheme.

THPCH117	Synchronized Data Monitoring and Acquisition System for J-PARC RCS	monitoring, power-supply, beam-losses, synchrotron	3077
	H. Takahashi, Y. Ito, Y. Kato, M. Kawase, H. Sakaki, T.S. Suzuki JAEA, Ibaraki-ken M. Sugimoto Mitsubishi Electric Control Software Corp, Kobe
	J-PARC RCS* is a proton synchrotron with an extreme high power of 1MW, and delicate care must be taken to suppress radiation due to beam loss. The RCS injects each beam pulse of 25 Hz into the MLF and the MR* in a predefined order. Furthermore, the different beam control parameters are required for the MLF and the MR. Therefore, in order to reduce beam loss, synchronicity of data is indispensable. For this reason, control data monitoring and acquisition must be made separately for each beam pulse, distinguishing the destination in the control system. The data, which require synchronicity monitoring and acquisition, are such as beam position data (BPM** data). We select mainly these data, and we are developing the synchronized data monitoring and acquisition system based on RM*, WER***. The status of development and some test results for this system will be presented in this report. Rapid-cycling Synchrotron Materials and Life Science Facility 50 GeV Main Ring *Beam Position Monitor *Reflective Memory ****Wave Endless Recorder

THPCH118	Development of the Event Notice Function for PLC	power-supply, target	3080
	M. Kawase, H. Takahashi JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken T. Ishiyama MELCO SC, Tsukuba
	A lot of equipment which controls in J-PARC accelerator composition machinery using PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) exists. The transmitting method to upper control systems, such as interlock information on accelerator composition apparatus, state changes information, and information on the right of control operation, is not performed by polling. The event notice function is used and it transmits to the upper control system. In the case of polling, information is transmitted to the upper control system to a number "msec" order. In the case where the event notice function is used, an event can be interrupted at the time of event generating, and information can be transmitted to a target to the upper control system at it. By the J-PARC control system, it makes it possible to transmit the information on state change (event) to the upper control system immediately from PLC by using the rudder sequence program which the rudder sequence program for apparatus control detected change of a state, and mounted the event notice by using this event notice function. The J-PARC control system which mounted the event notice function is reported.

THPCH120	Development of a General Purpose Power System Control Board	diagnostics, SLAC, induction, impedance	3083
	S.H. Nam, S.-H. Jeong, S.H. Kim, S.-C. Kim, S.S. Park, J.-H. Suh PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk P. Bellomo, R. Cassel, R. Larsen, M.N. Nguyen SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	As high frequency switching solid state devices are replacing tube devices and linear devices, power systems become more compact and modular. In those systems, it is desirable to have a high quality and multi-function control board per each power system module. In order to maintain reliable operation of the power system module, the control board requires having multiple and complex functions. Moreover, the control board needs to be compact and low power consuming. It also needs to have a fast communication with the main control station. However, there is no such control board available commercially. Therefore, a general purpose power system control board (PSCB) has been under development since 2005 as a collaboration effort between PAL and SLAC. The PSCB is an embedded, interlock supervisory, diagnostic, timing, and set-point control board. It is designed to use in various power systems such as sequenced kicker pulsers, solid state RF modulators, simple DC magnet power supplies, etc. The PSCB has the Ethernet communication with the TCP/IP Modbus protocol. This paper will describe detail functions and preliminary test results of the PSCB.

THPCH121	Development of Machine Interlock System HMI for PLS	storage-ring, vacuum, linac, injection	3086
	B.R. Park, J. Choi, H.-S. Kang, J.-W. Lee, J.C. Yoon PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
	The Machine Interlock System (MIS) for the Pohang Light Source (PLS) is used for the monitoring and control of machine devices and equipments for operation and maintenance, and protects machine devices and equipments by interlock chain program at fault status. The MIS consists of one central system unit and seven remote local system units, and is implemented mainly using GE-FANUC's Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Using information and data in the MIS, a human-machine interface (HMI) for the MIS is developed for the operator and system manager to efficiently control and monitor the MIS and also to log various event, trip, fault data automatically. Wonder's FactorySuite is used for the HMI development software. The HMI is developed under PC environments, which communicates with the MIS through RS-485 serial link.

THPCH123	New Control System for Nuclotron Main Power Supplies	power-supply, extraction, monitoring, quadrupole	3089
	V. Volkov, V. Andreev, E. Frolov, V. Gorchenko, V. Karpinsky, A. Kirichenko, A.D. Kovalenko, S. Romanov, A. Tsarenkov, B. Vasilishin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region D. Krusinsky, L. Ondris IMS SAS, Bratislava
	New control and monitoring system for Nuclotron main power supplies was designed in order to substantially extend functionality of the existing equipment and software. The lattice bending (BM), focusing (QF) and defocusing (QD) magnets are powered by two supplies. The BM magnetic field shape is set by pulse function generator that produces a reference burst (Bo-train) with 0.1 Gs resolution. This train controls pattern analog function generator based on a 18-bit DAC. A real B-train from the reference magnet and corresponding analog function are used for feedback loop. The current magnetic field of BM is used as reference function for the focusing and defocusing magnets. A scaling 16-bit multiplied DAC is used to set required ratio IBM/IQFD during accelerator cycle. A 16-bit data acquisition card provides measurement of all analog signals. Digital I/O boards are applied to set and read status of the power supplies, accompanying subsystems and interlocks. Timing modules provide the trigger pulses both for the system internal needs and for synchronizing of the accelerator subsystems and experimental setups.

THPCH125	Inter-laboratory Synchronization for the CNGS Project	CERN, SPS, site, extraction	3092
	J. Serrano, P. Alvarez, J. Lewis CERN, Geneva D. Autiero IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne
	CERN will start sending a neutrino beam to Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy in May 2006. This beam will cover a distance of around 730 km through the crust of the earth from an extraction line in CERN's SPS to dedicated detectors in Gran Sasso. This paper describes the technological choices made to fulfill the specification of inter-laboratory synchronization in the region of 100 ns, as well as some preliminary results. The common time standard is UTC as disseminated by the GPS system, and the techniques are similar to those used by national metrology laboratories for the manufacturing of UTC itself. In addition, real-time messages sent through the Internet allow the detectors in Gran Sasso to go into calibration mode when no beam is being sent. Data concerning the delay and determinism of this international network link is also presented.

THPCH127	Development of MATLAB-based Data Logging System at Siam Photon Source	storage-ring, synchrotron, SPS, photon	3098
	P. Klysubun, C. Netsai NSRC, Nakhon Ratchasima
	New data logging and retrieval systems are currently under development at Siam Photon Source. The systems are written entirely with MATLAB language and utilize two MATLAB toolboxes to handle data communications. The two toolboxes are Open Process Control Toolbox, which is used to carry out communications with Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) via Open Process Control Data Access (OPCDA), and Data Acquisition Toolbox, which handles communications with other systems via RS-232 and IEEE-488 interconnections. The interface with the database is handled by the MATLAB Database Toolbox. These MATLAB-based logging and retrieval systems enable accelerator physicists to easily import the logged data to accelerator modeling tools for studies of the accelerator optics. Beamline researchers and users can also write their own retrieval programs to access only the data they need. In this paper we describe the concept, the current status of the systems, and the planned improvements to be carried out in the future.

THPCH128	Portable SDA (Sequenced Data Acquisition) with a Native XML Database	collider, injection, LEFT, proton	3101
	T.B. Bolshakov, E.S. McCrory Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	SDA is a general logging system for a repeated, complex process. It has been used as one of the main logging facility for the Tevatron Collider during Run II. It creates a time abstraction in terms understood by everyone and allows for common time tick across different subsystems. In this article we discuss a plan to re-implement this highly successful FNAL system in a more general way so it can be used elsewhere. Latest technologies, namely a native XML database and AJAX, are used in the project and discussed in the article.

THPCH133	Conceptual Design of an EPU for VUV Radiation Production at LNLS	undulator, polarization, synchrotron, vacuum	3110
	G. Tosin, R. Basilio, J.F. Citadini, R.T. Neuenschwander, M. Potye, X.R. Resende, M. Rocha, P.F. Tavares LNLS, Campinas
	We describe the magnetic and mechanical design of an elliptically polarizing undulator (EPU) currently under construction at the (Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source - LNLS). The device is designed to cover the photon flux in the range from 100eV to 1000eV (124Å a 12.4 Å), allowing linear, elliptical and circular polarizations. With this device it is possible to reach absorption edges of several elements such as Si, S, Br, C, N, O, Fe, F, Cl and to measure magnetic dichroism. The EPU's magnetic design is conventional, and field corrections are done by means of virtual shims, with horizontal and vertical displacements. Each one of the four magnetic blocks linear arrays (cassettes) is segmented in seven sub-cassettes. The separate magnetic measurement of each sub-cassette allows corrections of the magnetic field profile to be made before final assembly and makes the verification of mechanical tolerances easier and faster, decreasing the expected time that will be spent in the magnetic tuning of the device. The mechanical structure is composed of a C-Frame, gap and phase actuators. The gaps actuators and phase actuators use absolute encoders and bias with springs to eliminate backlash.

THPCH134	Development of Insertion Device Magnetic Characterization Systems at LNLS	insertion, insertion-device, wiggler, synchrotron	3113
	G. Tosin, R. Basilio, J.F. Citadini, M. Potye LNLS, Campinas
	This paper describes a set of magnetic measurement systems employed in the development of insertion devices at LNLS (Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source). They are: rotating coil (which can also operate as a flip-coil), spatial field mapping using Hall probes and parallel coils (Helmholtz configuration) for magnetic blocks characterization. Although such techniques are well established, strict specifications imposed by the beam dynamics on the magnetic field quality, led to a detailed analysis of their sources of error and their minimization. All three systems have already been tested and showed excellent accuracy and repeatability when compared to typical values found in the literature.

THPCH144	The Upgrading of the TLS Injector Bumper and Septum Power Supplies for Top-up Operation	power-supply, extraction, septum, booster	3128
	C.-S. Fann, K.-T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, J.-Y. Hwang, K.-K. Lin, K.-B. Liu, Y.-C. Liu NSRRC, Hsinchu
	Due to the inevitable requirement of routine top-up mode operation at TLS (Taiwan Light Source), the reliability of all components in TLS injector has been reevaluated in the past several months. Among all possible subsystems to be reinforced, the bumper and septum power supplies revealed urgent need of upgrading while operated continuously in the user shifts. In this report, the modification of the charging mechanism of the pulsed power supplies is described. The modular feature of the newly built units provides fast replacement capability in case of components failure. The unified specifications for all components have greatly reduced the effort in preparing spare parts. The test results of these units are presented in this report.

THPCH146	Solid State Modulators for the International Linear Collider (ILC)	klystron, linear-collider, collider, power-supply	3131
	M.A. Kempkes, N. Butler, J.A. Casey, M.P.J. Gaudreau, I. Roth Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford
	Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) is developing two solid-state modulator designs for the International Linear Collider with SBIR funding from the U.S. Department of Energy. This paper will discuss design tradeoffs, energy storage requirements and alternatives, and the construction and test status of both ILC designs. The first design is a 150 kV hard switch, employing an innovative energy storage system, which must provide 25 kJ per pulse at very tight voltage regulation over the 1.5 millisecond pulse. DTI's design uses a quasi-resonant bouncer (with a small auxiliary power supply and switch) to maintain the voltage flattop, eliminating the need for massive capacitor banks. The second design builds upon earlier DTI work for the 500 kV, 500 A NLC modulators. It uses a solid-state Marx bank, with ~10 kV stages, to drive the ILC klystron. Staggered turn-on of the Marx stages provides voltage regulation without the need for large capacitor banks.

THPCH165	ERLP Quantum Efficiency Scanner	cathode, laser, ERLP, linac	3179
	P.A. Corlett, J.H.P. Rogers CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	The Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) under construction at Daresbury Laboratory will utilise a photoinjector as its electron source. In order to characterise the performance of the photo-cathode wafer, a low power laser is scanned across its surface and the resultant current measured to build up a map of the quantum efficiency of the wafer.

THPCH166	The Timing System for Diamond Light Source	booster, DIAMOND, linac, gun	3182
	Y.S. Chernousko, A. Gonias, M.T. Heron Diamond, Oxfordshire T. Korhonen PSI, Villigen E. Pietarinen, J. Pietarinen MRF, Helsinki
	The Diamond timing system is the latest generation development of the design, principles and technologies currently implemented in the Advanced Photon Source and Swiss Light Source timing systems. It provides the ability to generate reference events, distribute them over a fibre-optic network, and decode and process them at the equipment to be controlled. The timing system is closely integrated within the Diamond distributed control system, which is based on EPICS. The Diamond timing system functionality and performance, and first operational experiences in using the timing system during the commissioning of the accelerators, are presented in this paper.

THPCH169	Design, Manufacturing and Integration of LHC Cryostat Components: an Example of a Collaboration between CERN and Industry	CERN, vacuum, LHC, cryogenics	3191
	M. Canetti, F.G. Gangini RIAL VACUUM S.p.A, Parma N. Bourcey, T. Colombet, V. Parma, I. Slits, J.-P.G. Tock CERN, Geneva
	The components for the LHC cryostats and interconnections are supplied by the European industry. The manufacturing, assembly and testing of these components in accordance with CERN technical specifications require a close collaboration and dedicated approach from the suppliers. This paper presents the different phases of design, manufacturing, testing and integration of four LHC cryostat components supplied by RIAL Vacuum (Parma, Italy), including 108 insulation vacuum barriers, 482 cold-mass extension tubes, 115 cryostat vacuum vessel jumper elbows and 10800 interconnection sleeves. The Quality Assurance Plan, which the four projects have in common, is outlined. The components are all leak-tight thin stainless steel assemblies (< 10^-8 mbar l/s), most of them operating at cryogenic temperature (2 K), however each having specific requirements. Therefore the peculiarities of each component are presented with respect to manufacturing, assembly and testing. These components are being integrated at CERN into the LHC cryostats and interconnections, which allowed validating the design and production quality. The major improvements and difficulties will be discussed.

THPCH171	Control System of the Superconducting Insertion Device at TLS	power-supply, insertion, insertion-device, cryogenics	3197
	J. Chen, K.-T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, K.H. Hu, C.H. Kuo, D. Lee, C.-J. Wang NSRRC, Hsinchu
	There are three superconducting insertion devices installed at Taiwan Light Source. Two is under construction. These insertions enhance hard X-ray production to satisfy the research requirement of X-ray community. The control system is implemented to support the operation of all these superconducting insertion devices. The control system coordinate the operation of the main power supply and the trimming power supply to charge/discharge the magnets and provide essential interlock protection for the coils and vacuum ducts. Friendly user interface supports routine operation. Various applications are also developed to aid the operation of these insertion devices. Design consideration and details of the implementation will be summary in this report.

THPCH175	Automatic Resonant Excitation Based System for Lorentz Force Compensation for Flash	radio-frequency, resonance, DESY, injection	3206
	P.M. Sekalski, A. Napieralski TUL-DMCS, Lodz S. Simrock DESY, Hamburg
	The cavity is the key element of each linear accelerator used for high-energy physics purpose. The resonant frequency of cavities depends on its shape. Due to the pulse operation, they are deformed by dynamic Lorentz force (LF) caused by accelerating electromechanical field. As a consequence, the cavities are not working on resonance but they are detuned from master oscillator frequency by few hundreds of Hertz depending on accelerating field gradient. The paper presents an automatic control system for LF compensation applied to fast tuning mechanism CTS. The active element is multilayer low-voltage piezoelectric stack (EPCOS). The resonant excitation with adaptive feed forward algorithm is used to drive the actuator. Test performed at FLASH (former name VUV-FEL) on cav5/ACC1 showed that detuning during flat-top period (800us) might remain below 10Hz for accelerating field gradient of 20MV/m.

THPCH177	Design and Construction of the PEFP Timing System for a 20 MeV Proton Beam	proton, power-supply, extraction, rfq	3212
	Y.-G. Song, Y.-S. Cho, H.M. Choi, I.-S. Hong KAERI, Daejon K.M. Ha, J.H. Kim PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
	The timing system of the PEFP requires synchronization for the accelerator and for the multipurpose beam line. The system is based on an event distribution system that broadcasts the timing information globally to all the equipment. Fast I/O hardware of the timing system is to distribute appropriate timing signals to accelerator systems, including the Injector, RFQ, DTL, and user's facilities. Signals to be distributed include the synchronized pulse triggers and event information of RF system and switching magnet power supplies for the 20MeV proton beam extraction.

THPCH182	Control of the Geometrical Conformity of the LHC Installation with a Single Laser Source	laser, LHC, survey, CERN	3224
	J.-P. Corso, M. Jones, Y. Muttoni CERN, Geneva
	A large and complex accelerator like LHC machine needs to integrate several thousand different components in a relatively limited space. During the installation, those components are installed in successive phases, always aiming to leave the necessary space available for the equipment which will follow. To help ensure the correct conditions for the installation, the survey team uses a laser scanner to measure specific areas and provides this data, merged together in a known reference system, to the integration team who compares the results with the 3D CAD models. This paper describes the tools and software used to rebuild underground zones in the CATIA environment, to check interferences or geometrical non-conformities, as well as the procedures defined to solve the identified problems.

THPCH183	Installation and Quality Assurance of the Interconnections between Cryo-assemblies of the LHC Long Straight Sections	LHC, cryogenics, CERN, vacuum	3227
	C. Garion, I. Slits, J.-P.G. Tock CERN, Geneva
	The interconnections between the cryomagnets and cryogenic utilities in the LHC long straight sections constitute the last machine installation activity. They are ensuring continuity of the beam and insulation vacuum systems, cryogenic fluid and electrical circuits and thermal insulation. The assembly is carried out in a constraining tunnel environment with restricted space. Therefore, the assembly sequence has to be well defined, and specific tests have to be performed during the interconnection work to secure the reliability of the system and thus to ensure the global accelerator availability. The LHC has eight long straight insertion zones composed of special cryomagnets involving specific interconnection procedures and QA plans. The aim of this paper is to present the installation and quality assurance procedures implemented for the LHC LSS interconnections. Technologies such as manual and automatic welding and resistive soldering will be described as well as the different quality controls such as visual and radiographic inspection of welds, electrical and leak testing. An evaluation and statistical analysis of the results of the interconnection work will be presented.

THPCH192	Experimental, Test and Research Beamlines at Fermilab	proton, linac, target, quadrupole	3242
	C. Johnstone Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	Three new external beamlines are in operation or under development at Fermilab: 1) the Main Injector Particle Production (MIPP) beamline, 2) the Mucool Test Area (MTA) beamline, and 3) a new MTEST beamline for advanced detector work for high energy experiments and the ILC. The MIPP beamline is a secondary production beamline capable of producing well-characterized beams of protons, pions, and kaons from 5-120 GeV/c using 120 GeV/c protons from the Fermilab Main Injector. The second line is a new primary 400-MeV proton beamline derived from the 400 MeV proton Linac which will provide for precision measurements of Linac beam parameters in addition to a high-intensity primary test beam for development and verification of muon ionization cooling apparatus. A dual mode operation will also provide accurate, dispersion-free measurements of the Fermilab Linac beam properties with potential for diagnostic development. Installation is planned in 2007. Finally, a third beam is also under design to provide secondary beams at ultra-low - high energies, from ~1 GeV/c to 90 GeV/c in addition to a primary 120-GeV proton mode of operation. It is anticipated that this last line will be installed in fall of 2006.

THPCH194	Investigation of Using Ferroelectric Materials in High Power Fast RF Phase Shifters for RF Vector Modulation	klystron, insertion, simulation, resonance	3248
	J.L. Wilson, Y.W. Kang ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee A.E. Fathy University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
	A fast ferroelectric phase shifter controlled by an electric field bias is being investigated for high-power RF phase shifters in vector modulation. Such a device could be used in charged particle accelerators, allowing vector control of the RF power delivered to accelerating RF cavities. Bulk ferroelectric materials, particularly those based on barium-strontium titanate (BST) compounds, have shown promise in high-power applications because of their low loss tangent and high dielectric strength. Such materials have already been investigated for use in fast phase shifters at X-Band frequencies. Several different compositions of BST compounds are investigated in phase shifter prototypes at 402.5 MHz and 805 MHz that could be easily adapted for future large-scale accelerator projects. The ratio of barium versus strontium in the composition is varied from sample to sample. This allows an investigation of the tradeoffs involved between dielectric strength, loss tangent, tunability, and relative permittivity. Since ferroelectrics are by nature nonlinear dielectric compounds, preliminary study on the nonlinear propagation effects is conducted through computer simulation. V. P. Yakovlev et al. Fast X-Band Phase Shifter, Advanced Accelerator Concepts: Eleventh Workshop, 2004.

THPCH195	New Developments on Low-loss Ferroelectrics for Accelerator Applications	collider, coupling, linear-collider, plasma	3251
	A. Kanareykin, P. Schoessow Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio A. Dedyk, S.F. Karmanenko Eltech University, St. Petersburg E. Nenasheva Ceramics Ltd., St. Petersburg V.P. Yakovlev Omega-P, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut
	Recent results on development of BST (barium strontium titanium oxide composition) ferroelectric materials are presented to be used as the basis for new advanced technology components suitable for high-gradient accelerators. Ferroelectric materials offer significant benefits for linear collider applications, in particular, for switching and control elements where a very short response time of 10 ns can be potentially achieved. The applications include: fast active X-band and Ka-band high-power ferroelectric switches, high-power X-band, and L-band ferroelectric-based phase-shifters. The recently developed large diameter (11 cm) BST-based ferroelectric rings will be used at high pulse power (tens of megawatts) for the X-band components as well as at high average power (in the range of a few kilowatts) for the L-band phase-shifters, which are suitable for ILC applications.

THPCH197	Analysis of Availability and Reliability in RHIC Operations	RHIC, luminosity, ion, cryogenics	3257
	F.C. Pilat, P. Ingrassia, R.J. Michnoff BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	RHIC has been successfully operated for five years as a collider for different species, ranging from heavy ions including gold and copper, to polarized protons. We present a critical analysis of reliability data for RHIC that not only identifies the principal factors limiting availability but also evaluates critical choices at design times and assess their impact on present machine performance. RHIC availability data are compared to similar high-energy colliders and synchrotron light sources. The critical analysis of operations data is the basis for studies and plans to improve RHIC machine availability beyond the 60% typical of high-energy collider.

THPLS002	X-ray and Optical Diagnostic Beamlines at the Australian Synchrotron Storage Ring	diagnostics, storage-ring, synchrotron, electron	3263
	M.J. Boland, R.T. Dowd, G. LeBlanc, M.J. Spencer, Y.E. Tan, A. Walsh ASP, Clayton, Victoria
	Two diagnostic beamlines have been designed and constructed for the Australian Synchrotron Storage Ring. One diagnostic beamline is a simple x-ray pinhole camera system, with a BESSY II style pinhole array, designed to measure the beam divergence, size and stability. The second diagnostic beamline uses an optical chicane to extract the visible light from the photon beam and transports it to various instruments. The end-station of the optical diagnostic beamline is equipped with a streak camera, a fast ICCD camera, a CCD camera and a fill pattern monitor. The beamline design and some commissioning measurements are presented.

THPLS012	Commissioning of the Australian Synchrotron Injector RF Systems	booster, linac, single-bunch, electron	3293
	C. Piel, K. Dunkel, J. Manolitsas, D. Trompetter, H. Vogel ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach M.J. Boland, R.T. Dowd, G. LeBlanc, M.J. Spencer, Y.E. Tan ASP, Clayton, Victoria
	On December 16, 2003 the contract for the design, manufacture, installation and commissioning of the turnkey injector system for the Australian Synchrotron Project was awarded to industry. ACCEL Instruments is delivering the turnkey 100MeV linac and the booster RF system. Commissioning of the linac for ASP was performed in December 2005, right after successful commissioning of the Diamond Light Source injection linac. The 500MHz booster cavity and related low level RF system will be commissioned after installation of the booster is finalised in early 2006. The paper will present design and layout information, as well as commissioning results. Commissioning of the Diamond Pre-Injector Linac (this conference).

THPLS025	Diamond Light Source Vacuum Systems Commissioning Status	vacuum, storage-ring, DIAMOND, photon	3332
	M.P. Cox, B. Boussier, S. Bryan, B.F. Macdonald, H.S. Shiers Diamond, Oxfordshire
	Diamond Light Source is a new 3 GeV light source currently being commissioned in the UK. The main vacuum systems are a 561.6 m circumference electron storage ring and a 158.4 m circumference booster ring. The storage ring target operating pressure is 1·10^-9 mbar with 300 mA of stored beam after 100 A.h of beam conditioning. The booster ring target operating pressure is up to an order of a magnitude higher. Pumping is provided by discrete noble diode ion pumps, supplemented by titanium sublimation pumps and NEG cartridge pumps. Vacuum vessel construction is mainly from 316LN stainless steel. There is no in situ bakeout except for the 24 storage ring straights and the front ends. An ex situ bakeout process is used for the storage ring arcs followed by installation under vacuum. This paper reports results and experience from the construction and commissioning of the diamond vacuum systems.

THPLS032	ELETTRA New Full Energy Injector High Level Software	lattice, optics, ELETTRA, insertion-device	3353
	C. Scafuri, F. Iazzourene ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	The control system for the new full energy injector* will be entirely based on Tango with an object oriented distributed architecture. The availability of the new and modern software platform led us to design and develop a new high level software framework which allows a model-based accelerator control. The new design is fully object oriented and follows a layered approach. The main layers provide a set of different views or abstractions of the underlying accelerator: field layer, machine layer, and optics layer. The field layer handles all the access and communications with the actual devices of the accelerator, e.g., power supplies, instrumentation, etc. The machine layer handles the machine layout description, functional constraints like the association of a string of magnets with one power supply, and the conversion from actual values acquired from the field into values meaningful to beam dynamics problems. The optics layer performs all the actual calculations concerning the beam like beta functions, damping times, etc. An important characteristic of the new library is the unified management of all the needed calibrations and configurations by means of a relational database. *“Elettra New Full Energy Injector Status Report”, these proceedings.

THPLS039	Upgrade and Current Status of the PF Ring Vacuum System	vacuum, photon, insertion, insertion-device	3371
	Y. Tanimoto, Y. Hori, T. Nogami, T. Uchiyama KEK, Ibaraki
	The vacuum system for the KEK Photon Factory (PF) was extensively modified in 2005 as part of the PF ring straight-sections upgrade project. This project required replacements of the quad magnets in both northern and southern straight-sections that account for nearly two-thirds of the whole circumference. Therefore, the vacuum ducts in these new quad magnets (Q-ducts), as well as the vacuum ducts in their related bend magnets (B-ducts), needed to be replaced. The new Q-ducts have a narrower cross-section and are equipped with new 4-electrode beam position monitors, and the new B-ducts are furnished with new distributed ion pumps. After the installation of these vacuum chambers, we omitted the thermal in-situ baking, anticipating that beam scrubbing would provide more efficient cleaning. Furthermore, even pre-baking before installation was not performed for the chambers in the northern half in order to evaluate the effect of the pre-baking during the early period of the commissioning. Details of these modifications, as well as the current status of the new vacuum system, will be presented.

THPLS046	The Status of Instrumentation and Control for SSRF	booster, linac, diagnostics, storage-ring	3392
	D.K. Liu SINAP, Shanghai
	The SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) was started in December 25, 2004, and is located in the Zhang Jiang Hi-Teck park in Shanghai. During the past one year, the main structure is under construction and will be completed in the middle of next year on schedule. Various equipment is being processed and tested. The preliminary design of the control system, including various hardware and software, are completed, and some prototype of IOC with EPICS such as LINAC rf station, magnet station and beam diagnosis station, etc. have been already tested successfully. The digital power supply control will be adopted. Various beam instrumentation have been designed for diagnostics of the LINAC, booster and storage ring. The performance of the design, progress of the subsystem and preliminary test results of the prototype will be described in this paper in detail.

THPLS078	Tests of a New Bunch Cleaning Technique for the Advanced Light Source	injection, storage-ring, kicker, betatron	3463
	F. Sannibale, W. Barry, M.J. Chin LBNL, Berkeley, California
	A new bunch cleaning technique is being tested at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The new procedure allows for high purity, arbitrary filling patterns and is potentially compatible with standard user operation and with the incoming top-off injection mode. The description of the new system and the results of the first tests at the ALS are presented.

THPLS087	A Control Theory Approach for Dynamic Aperture	dynamic-aperture, sextupole, lattice, synchrotron	3478
	J. Bengtsson BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	The dynamic aperture problem dates back to the design of the first synchrotrons. Over time, both analytical and numerical methods have been pursued. In the former case mainly by applying techniques developed for celestial mechanics to rather simplified equations of motion. Over the last decade, analysis of the Poincare map has become the method of choice. In particular, application of symplectic integrators, truncated power series algebra, and Lie series techniques has led to a complete set of tools for self-consistent numerical simulations and analytic treatment of realistic models. Nevertheless, a control theory for the general nonlinear case remains elusive. We summarize how to apply this framework to the design of modern synchrotron light sources. Moreover, we also outline how a control theory can be formulated based on the Lie generators for the nonlinear terms.

THPLS111	Beam Loading Measurement and its Application to the Harmonic RF Control of the APS PAR	beam-loading, synchrotron, injection, photon	3538
	C. Yao, E.E. Cherbak, N.P. Di Monte, A. Grelick, T. Smith, B.X. Yang ANL, Argonne, Illinois
	The particle accumulator ring (PAR) has dual rf systems: a CW mode fundamental rf system (RF1) operating at 9.77 MHz that accumulates multiple linac pulses into a 0.8-ns bunch, and a 12th harmonic rf (RF12) that compresses the bunch length further to 0.34 ns for injection into the booster. The RF12 capture process is critical for optimal performance of the PAR. We investigated the effects of beam loading during the RF12 capture and bunch length compression process with both spectrum analysis and streak camera imaging. Based on these observations, a new timing scheme for the RF12 tuner and power control was implemented, which has substantially improved the performance of the PAR. We report our observation, the new timing scheme, and beam parameters after optimization.

FRXCPA01	Design, Construction, Installation and First Commissioning Results of the LHC Cryogenic System	cryogenics, LHC, CERN, collider	3626
	S.D. Claudet CERN, Geneva
	The cryogenic system of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be, upon its completion in 2006, the largest in the world in terms of refrigeration capacity with 140 kW at 4.5 K, distributed superfluid helium with 25 km of superconducting magnets below 2 K and cryogen inventory with 100 tons of Helium. The challenges involved in the design, construction and installation, as well as the first commissioning results will be addressed in this talk. Particular mention will be made of the problems encountered and how they were or are being solved. Perspectives for LHC will be presented. General considerations for future large cryogenic systems will be briefly proposed.
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FRYCPA01	ITER and International Scientific Collaboration	plasma, vacuum, site, diagnostics	3641
	S. Chiocchio MPI/IPP, Garching
	The presentation will describe the status and perspectives of the ITER Project. It will also explore the possible connection between the accelerator and the fusion worlds. The talk will cover experience in the managerial and sociological aspects of the worldwide collaboration of which ITER is the end result, very similar to the issues facing the accelerator community, which also faces projects of similar scope from the point of view of time span, technical complexity and sociological impact.
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