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damping

       
Paper Title Other Keywords Page
MOPCH159 Coupler Design Considerations for the ILC Crab Cavity coupling, dipole, luminosity, higher-order-mode 430
 
  • P. Goudket, C.D. Beard
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  • G. Burt
    Microwave Research Group, Lancaster University, Lancaster
  Transverse deflecting cavities, such as the ILC crab cavity, commonly operate in the TM110 dipole mode. This means that in addition to the higher order modes (HOMs), that need to be controlled for every cavity, the fundamental TM010 mode and the other polarisation of the dipole mode also need to be damped. As the resonant frequency of the fundamental mode is much lower than the cut-off frequency of the beampipe, this mode becomes trapped in the cavity and difficult to extract using conventional HOM couplers, hence a dedicated coupler is likely to be required. The ILC crab cavities will require excellent damping of all undesirable modes in order to maintain maximum luminosity at the IP.  
 
MOPCH177 Status of HOM Load for the Cornell ERL Injector ERL, linac, emittance, electron 478
 
  • V.D. Shemelin, B. Gillett
    Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
  • P. Barnes, M. Liepe, V. Medjidzade, H. Padamsee, G.R. Roy, J. Sears
    Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
  The HOM load for the injector of the Energy Recovery Linac at Cornell University is proposed to work at a temperature of 80 K. The anticipated absorbed power of the load is up to 200 W. Versions with inner diameter of 78 and 106 mm are under development. Two different kinds of ferrites and a lossy ceramic are chosen as RF absorbers for the load to cover a wide frequency range. Measurements of electromagnetic properties of absorbing materials have been performed in a frequency range from 1 to 40 GHz. The engineering design of the load is ready and technological issues of brazing the absorbing tiles and cooling have been solved. Brazing quality is controlled by IR thermograms. First warm measurements of a prototype load are expected this summer.  
 
MOPCH182 The JLAB Ampere-class Cryomodule Conceptual Design FEL, impedance, coupling, BBU 490
 
  • R.A. Rimmer, G. Ciovati, E. Daly, T. Elliott, J. Henry, W.R. Hicks, P. Kneisel, S. Manning, R. Manus, J.P. Preble, K. Smith, M. Stirbet, L. Turlington, L. Vogel, H. Wang, K. Wilson, G. Wu
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  For the next generation of compact high-power FELs a new cryomodule is required that is capable of accelerating up to Ampere levels of beam current. Challenges include strong HOM damping, high HOM power and high fundamental-mode power (in operating scenarios without full energy recovery). For efficient use of space a high real-estate gradient is desirable and for economic operation good fundamental-mode efficiency is important. The technology must also be robust and should be based on well-proven and reliable technologies. For Ampere-class levels of beam current both halo interception and beam break-up (BBU) are important considerations. These factors tend to drive the designs to lower frequencies where the apertures are larger and the transverse impedances are lower. To achieve these goals we propose to use a compact waveguide-damped multi-cell cavity packaged in an SNS-style cryomodule.  
 
MOPLS018 High-order Effects and Modeling of the Tevatron COSY, collider, simulation, lattice 577
 
  • P. Snopok, M. Berz
    MSU, East Lansing, Michigan
  • C. Johnstone
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  The role and degree of nonlinear contributions to machine performance is a controversial topic in current collider operations and in the design of future colliders. A high-order model has been developed of the Tevatron in COSY, which includes the strongest sources of nonlinearities. Signatures of nonlinear behavior are studied and compared with performance data. The observed nonlinear effects are compared before and after implemention of nonlinear correction schemes.  
 
MOPLS027 Beam-beam Simulations for a Single Pass SuperB-factory luminosity, emittance, linac, simulation 601
 
  • M.E. Biagini
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • P. Raimondi, J. Seeman
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • D. Schulte
    CERN, Geneva
  A study of beam-beam collisions for an asymmetric single pass SuperB-Factory is presented*. In this scheme an electron and a positron beam are first stored and damped in two damping rings, then extracted, compressed and focused to the IP. After collision the two beams are re-injected in the DR to be damped and extracted for collision again. The explored beam parameters are similar to those used in the design of the International Linear Collider, except for the beam energies. Very flat beams and round beams were compared in the simulations, with the GuineaPig code**, in order to optimize both luminosity performances and beam blow-up after collision. With such approach, luminosities of the order of 1036 /(cm2 sec) can be achieved.

*http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0512235.**D. Schulte. “Study of electromagnetic and hadronic background in the Interaction Region of the TESLA Collider”, PhD Thesis, Hamburg, 1996.

 
 
MOPLS029 Preliminary Study of a Crab Crossing System for DAFNE luminosity, coupling, betatron, simulation 607
 
  • A. Gallo, D. Alesini, F. Marcellini, P. Raimondi, M. Zobov
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  The implementation of a crab crossing scheme at the Frascati Phi-factory DAFNE is under consideration, together with several other ideas and upgrades to increase the collider luminosity. The crab crossing is beneficial to the luminosity because it is expected to optimize the geometrical superposition of the colliding bunches and to weaken the synchro-betatron beam-beam resonances. The basic specifications of such a system, the expected luminosity increase, a preliminary design of the crab cavities and the architecture of the dedicated RF system are presented.  
 
MOPLS031 Beam Orbit Control System for the KEKB Crab Cavities feedback, target, controls, KEKB 613
 
  • M. Masuzawa, Y. Funakoshi, T.T. Nakamura, J.-I. Odagiri
    KEK, Ibaraki
  KEKB is an electron-positron collider with an 8 GeV electron ring (HER) and a 3.5 GeV positron ring (LER). The two beams currently collide at one interaction point with a finite horizontal crossing angle of 11 mrad. The design luminosity of 10 /nb/sec was first reached in May 2003 and the peak luminosity exceeded 16 /nb/sec in December 2005. Simulations predict a luminosity boost if a crab crossing scheme is introduced. The installation of two superconducting crab cavities, one in each ring, is scheduled in March 2006 in order to implement the crab crossing scheme. For stable operation, the horizontal beam position in the crab cavity must be carefully controlled. This is needed to avoid loss of control of the crabbing mode field due to beam loading. A beam position feedback system at the crab cavity has been prepared and tested. Its performance will be discussed in this report.  
 
MOPLS032 Beam-beam Limit and the Degree of Freedom emittance, simulation, luminosity, KEKB 616
 
  • K. Ohmi, K. Oide
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • E. Perevedentsev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  Beam-beam limit is caused by chaotic diffusion due to the strong nonlinear force of beam-beam interaction. Degree of freedom in the colliding system is essential for the diffusion. We discuss the diffusion using several models.  
 
MOPLS033 Beam-beam Limit and Feedback Noise feedback, luminosity, radiation, kicker 619
 
  • K. Ohmi, Y. Funakoshi, S. Hiramatsu, K. Oide, M. Tobiyama
    KEK, Ibaraki
  Beam-beam interaction is strongly nonlinear, therefore particles in the beam experience chaotic motion. A small noise can be enhanced by the chaotic nature, with the result that unexpected emittance growth can be observed. We study the noise of transverse bunch by bunch feedback system and related luminosity degradation. Similar effects caused by crab cavity noise is also discussed.  
 
MOPLS048 Doubling the PEP-II Luminosity in Simulations luminosity, simulation, emittance, SLAC 649
 
  • Y. Cai, J. Seeman, K.G. Sonnad, U. Wienands
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  The PEP-II luminosity reached 1x1034cm-2s-1 in October 2005. The question of how to increase the luminosity using modest improvements in the PEP-II accelerator in the coming years is the subject of this paper. We found that the parasitic collisions significantly degrade the simulated luminosity as the beam currents are increased from 3A and 1.7A to 4A and 2.2A in the low and high energy rings, respectively. Using the beam-beam code BBI, we systematically optimized the luminosity and showed that a luminosity of over 2x1034cm-2s-1 is achievable within the limits of machine parameters.  
 
MOPLS051 Tracking Down a Fast Instability in the PEP-II LER vacuum, SLAC, beam-losses, feedback 658
 
  • U. Wienands, R. Akre, S.C. Curry, S. DeBarger, F.-J. Decker, S. Ecklund, A.S. Fisher, S.A. Heifets, A. Krasnykh, A. Kulikov, A. Novokhatski, J. Seeman, M.K. Sullivan, D. Teytelman, D. Van Winkle, G. Yocky
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  During Run 5, the beam in the PEP-II Low Energy Ring (LER) became affected by a predominantly vertical instability with very fast growth rate of 10…60/ms - much faster than seen in controlled grow-damp experiments - and varying threshold. The coherent amplitude of the oscillation was limited to approx. 1 mm pk-pk or less and would damp down over a few tens of turns; however, beam loss set in even as the measured amplitude damped, causing a beam abort. This led to the conclusion that the beam was actually blowing up. The presence of a 2 nu_s line in the spectrum suggested a possible head-tail nature of the instability, although chromaticity was not effective in raising the threshold. In this paper we will describe the measurements and data taken to isolate and locate the cause of the instability and, eventually, the discovery and fix of the root cause.  
 
MOPLS133 Preliminary Studies of Ion Effects in ILC Damping Rings ion, electron, TESLA, ion-effects 867
 
  • G.X. Xia, Eckhard. Elsen
    DESY, Hamburg
  Ion effects are potentially detrimental to the performance of the damping rings for the International Linear Collider (ILC). In this paper, the ion effects in the damping rings of ILC are briefly reviewed. Fast beam-ion instability (FBII) is studied in the linear regime. The growth rates and the beam blowups due to FBII are analytically calculated and compared for two variants of the ILC damping ring designs (OCS and TESLA) and discussed as a function of the vacuum pressure. Finally, some detailed simulation results are also presented.  
 
MOPLS134 Minimizing Emittance for the CLIC Damping Ring wiggler, emittance, CLIC, permanent-magnet 870
 
  • H.-H. Braun, M. Korostelev, D. Schulte, F. Zimmermann
    CERN, Geneva
  • E.B. Levitchev, P.A. Piminov, S.V. Sinyatkin, P. Vobly, K. Zolotarev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  The CLIC damping rings aim at unprecedented small normalized equilibrium emittances of 3.3 nm vertical and 550 nm horizontal, for a bunch charge of 2.6 109 particles and an energy of 2.4 GeV. In this parameter regime the dominant emittance growth mechanism is intra-beam scattering. Intense synchrotron radiation damping from wigglers is required to counteract its effect. Here the overall optimization of the wiggler parameters is described, taking into account state-of-the-art wiggler technologies, wiggler effects on dynamic aperture, and problems of wiggler radiation absorption. Two technical solutions, one based on superconducting magnet technology and the other on permanent magnets, are presented. Although dynamic aperture and tolerances of this ring design remain challenging, benefits are obtained from the strong damping. Only bunches for a single machine pulse need to be stored, making injection/extraction particularly simple and limiting the synchrotron-radiation power. With a 360 m circumference, the ring remains comparatively small.  
 
MOPLS136 Ion Effects in the Damping Rings of ILC and CLIC ion, CLIC, wiggler, vacuum 876
 
  • F. Zimmermann, W. Bruns, D. Schulte
    CERN, Geneva
  We discuss ion trapping, rise time of the fast beam-ion instability, and ion-induced incoherent tune shift for various incarnations of the ILC damping rings and for CLIC, taking into account the different regions of each ring. Analytical calculations for ion trapping are compared with results from a new simulation code.  
 
MOPLS137 Tracking Studies to Determine the Required Wiggler Aperture for the ILC Damping Rings lattice, wiggler, positron, injection 879
 
  • I. Reichel
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • A. Wolski
    Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool
  The injection efficiency of an ILC damping ring is closely tied to its acceptance. To maximize both, one wants a physical aperture as large as possible in the wiggler magnets, as these are the limiting physical apertures in the ring. On the other hand, a small aperture in the wiggler magnets is needed to achieve the required field profile, a high magnetic field that is very linear over the whole physical aperture of the magnet. Tracking studies were done for all proposed ILC damping ring lattices to determine their required apertures. Although a half-aperture of 8 or 10 mm had been proposed, our studies showed that, for most lattices, a 16 mm half-aperture is required. (For some lattices a 12 mm half aperture might suffice.) We present here the results of our studies, which led to adopting a 16 mm half-aperture in the current ILC damping ring baseline design.  
 
MOPLS138 Space Charge and Equilibrium Emittances in Damping Rings emittance, space-charge, lattice, radiation 882
 
  • M. Venturini
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • K. Oide
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • A. Wolski
    Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool
  The unusual combination of small beam size and long ring circumference may cause space charge to have noticeable effects on the beam dynamics of the ILC (International Linear Collider) damping rings. One possible consequence is a modification of the vertical equilibrium emittance resulting from a non-ideal lattice. One simple way to account for this effect is to model space charge in the linear approximation within the framework of Oide's envelope (or Chao's matrix) formalism, whis is commonly used to calculate equilibrium emittances in lepton storage rings. However, this model would likely overestimate the effect as a linear approximation for space charge is accurate only in a small neighborhood of a bunch center. For a more accurate modelling, we propose to make use of Sacherer's envelope equations consisting of a closed set of equations for the second moments of a beam distribution that account for the nonlinear dependence of the space-charge force. Here we will illustrate how Sacherer's equations can be combined with Oide's formalism and apply the result to the ILC damping rings.  
 
MOPLS139 Choosing a Baseline Configuration for the ILC Damping Rings lattice, wiggler, kicker, dynamic-aperture 885
 
  • A. Wolski
    Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool
  • J. Gao
    IHEP Beijing, Beijing
  • S. Guiducci
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  The damping rings for the International Linear Collider must be capable of accepting large beams from the electron and positron sources, and producing highly damped beams meeting demanding stability specifications, at the machine repetition rate of 5 Hz. Between March and November 2005, a program of studies was undertaken by an international collaboration of 50 researchers to compare a number of configuration options, including ring circumferences between 3 and 17 km. Here, we outline the studies and discuss the principal considerations in the choices of the baseline and alternative damping ring configurations.  
 
MOPLS140 Tuning Algorithms for the ILC Damping Rings emittance, quadrupole, coupling, dipole 888
 
  • J.K. Jones
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  Emittance preservation is an important aspect in the design and running of the International Linear Collider with a direct consequence on the luminosity of the machine. One major area of concern is in the damping rings, where the extracted emittances set the effective lower limits for the rest of the machine. Algorithms for tuning this system have been investigated, and simulations have been performed to understand the design and implementation issues. The different algorithms have been applied to the various damping ring designs, and the effectiveness of each algorithm has been assessed. A preliminary recommendation of tuning algorithm, and its effectiveness under various conditions, is given.  
 
MOPLS141 The Proposed Conversion of CESR to an ILC Damping Ring Test Facility emittance, wiggler, electron, positron 891
 
  • M.A. Palmer, R.W. Helms, D. L. Rubin, D. Sagan, J.T. Urban
    Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
  • M. Ehrlichman
    University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
  In 2008 the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) will end nearly three decades of providing electron-positron collisions for the CLEO experiment. At that time it will be possible to reconfigure CESR as a damping ring test facility, CesrTF, for the International Linear Collider (ILC) project. With its complement of 12 damping wigglers, CesrTF will offer horizontal emittances in the few nanometer range and, ideally, vertical emittances approaching those specified for the ILC damping rings. An important feature of the CesrTF concept is the ability to operate with positrons or electrons. Positron operation will allow detailed testing of electron cloud issues critical for the operation of the ILC positron damping rings. Other key features include operation with wigglers that meet or exceed all ILC damping ring requirements, the ability to operate from 1.5 to 5.5 GeV beam energies, and the provision of a large insertion region for testing damping ring hardware. We discuss in detail the CesrTF machine parameters, critical conversion issues, and experimental reach for damping ring studies.  
 
MOPLS142 Optimization of CESR-c Superferric Wiggler for the International Linear Collider Damping Rings wiggler, dynamic-aperture, lattice, TESLA 894
 
  • J.T. Urban, G. Dugan, M.A. Palmer
    Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
  We present the results of an optimization of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) superferric wiggler for the International Linear Collider (ILC) damping ring. The superferric CESR wiggler has been shown to have excellent beam dynamics properties in the ILC damping ring. We reduced the physical size, and hence cost, of the CESR wiggler with minimal degradation of ILC damping ring beam dynamics. We will provide a description of the optimized superferric wiggler and show the performance of this wiggler in the ILC baseline damping ring.  
 
MOPLS143 Suppression of Secondary Emission in a Magnetic Field using Sawtooth Surface electron, dipole, impedance, quadrupole 897
 
  • L. Wang, T.O. Raubenheimer, G.V. Stupakov
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  The effect of surface roughness on the secondary electron emission from a sawtooth surface in a magnetic field under electron bombardment is investigated using a Monte-Carlo method. Some of the secondary electrons emitted from the sawtooth surface return to the surface within their first few gyrations, resulting in low effective secondary electron yield. A sawtooth surface in magnetic field can significantly reduce the secondary emission yield below the multipacting threshold.  
 
TUYPA03 Developments in Beam Instrumentation and New Feedback Systems for the ILC feedback, laser, KEK, controls 925
 
  • H. Hayano
    KEK, Ibaraki
  This presentation will review the challenging beam properties that need to be measured and controlled and new diagnostic developments that address these challenges for ILC beam instrumentation.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
TUPCH058 Very Small Beam Size Measurement by Reflective SR Interferometer at KEK-ATF emittance, optics, coupling, KEK 1142
 
  • T. Naito, T. Mitsuhashi
    KEK, Ibaraki
  An SR interferometer with the Herschelian reflective optics has been developed for the measurement of several um beam size. The chromatic aberration of the optical system applied in the SR interferometer limits the resolution of SR interferometer. We used objective lens of the SR interferometer by a focusing mirror. For the convenience of observation of the interferogram, we applied Herschelian arrangement of the optics. The measured vertical beam size was less than 5um and the estimated vertical emittance was 1x10-11m at the KEK-ATF damping ring.  
 
TUPCH099 Development of HOM Damped Copper Cavity for the ESRF impedance, simulation, ESRF, LEP 1244
 
  • N. Guillotin, J. Jacob, V. Serriere
    ESRF, Grenoble
  At the ESRF, HOM driven longitudinal coupled bunch instabilities are currently avoided up to the nominal beam current of 200 mA by precisely controlling the cavity temperatures and thereby the HOM frequencies of the existing five-cell copper cavities. A bunch-by-bunch feedback is presently being commissioned in order to increase the maximum stored current. In parallel, normal conducting strongly HOM damped cavities are under study to possibly replace the five-cell cavities. The design is based on a scaling of the single cell EU cavity*: a pillbox geometry with nose cones and three attached ridged waveguides loaded by ferrites for effective HOM damping. We report on the electromagnetic simulation making use of the 3D codes HFSS and GdfidL. They allowed optimizing the shape of both cavity and dampers, including electromagnetic absorbing material with frequency dependent parameters.

*E. Weihreter et al. A Ridged Circular Waveguide Ferrite Load for Cavity HOM Damping, this conference.

 
 
TUPCH114 A Ridged Circular Waveguide Ferrite Load for Cavity HOM Damping vacuum, simulation, impedance, radiation 1280
 
  • E. Weihreter, V. Duerr, F. Marhauser
    BESSY GmbH, Berlin
  A normal conducting HOM damped 500 MHz prototype cavity has been tested with three tapered circular double ridged waveguide to coaxial transitions as HOM couplers, featuring maximum longitudinal and transverse HOM impedances below 5 kOhm and 200 kOhm/m respectively. Numerical simulations indicate that these impedance levels can be further reduced by more than a factor of 3 using homogeneous circular double ridged waveguides for improved coupling to the HOMs. In the present paper the layout of an optimised homogeneous waveguide with "in vacuum" ferrite tiles is presented, including mechanical and thermal design considerations. Low power reflectrometry measurements demonstrate good matching of a prototype load, and high power tests of the ferrite absorber elements indicate that the waveguide load is well suited for the cavity HOM power levels present in state of art 3rd generation SR sources.  
 
TUPCH129 Conceptual Design of a 3rd Harmonic Cavity System for the LNLS Electron Storage Ring electron, storage-ring, synchrotron, CBM 1316
 
  • N.P. Abreu, O.R. Bagnato, R.H.A. Farias, M.J. Ferreira, C. Pardine, P.F. Tavares
    LNLS, Campinas
  The installation of a second RF cavity in the UVX electron storage ring at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) at the end of 2003 brought about longitudinal instabilities driven by one of the HOMs of the new cavity. Even though the operational difficulties related to these unstable modes were successfully overcome by means of a combination of cavity tuning (using temperature and plunger adjustments) with phase modulation of the RF fields at the second harmonic of the synchrotron frequency, a more appropriate technique to avoid those problems is the use of higher harmonic cavities, which have the important advantage of providing damping of the longitudinal modes without increasing the energy spread, i.e., without compromising the longitudinal emittance. In this work we present the design of a passive higher harmonic cavity system optimized for operation at the LNLS storage ring. The parameters for a set of cavities as well as the analysis of some of the effects that they may introduce in the beam dynamics are presented. An overview of the technical aspects related to the project, construction and installation of the cavities in the storage ring is also presented.  
 
TUPCH132 Higher Order Mode (HOM) Damper of 500 MHz Damped Cavity for ASP Storage Ring coupling, insertion, synchrotron, storage-ring 1325
 
  • J. Watanabe, K. Nakayama, K. Sato, H. Suzuki
    Toshiba, Yokohama
  • M. Izawa
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • A. Jackson, G. LeBlanc, K. Zingre
    ASP, Clayton, Victoria
  • T. Koseki
    RIKEN/RARF/CC, Saitama
  • N. Nakamura, H. Sakai, H. Takaki
    ISSP/SRL, Chiba
  TOSHIBA has delivered the storage ring RF system for the Australian Synchrotron Project(ASP). Two pairs of the 500MHz Higher Order Mode(HOM) damped cavities were applied for this system. Two on-centered and one off-centered dampers were attached for damping the longitudinal HOM impedance down to less than 20kOhm/GHz. In order to reduce the coupling of off-center damper for accelerating mode and improve cooling power of damper, New HOM damper was designed by optimizing SiC absorber structure and damper antenna length using HFSS code. The design and manufacture of the new HOM damper and the test are described.  
 
TUPCH133 Comparison of Measured and Calculated Coupling between a Waveguide and an RF Cavity Using CST Microwave Studio coupling, simulation, linac, higher-order-mode 1328
 
  • J. Shi, H. Chen, S. Zheng
    TUB, Beijing
  • D. Li
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  Accurate predications of RF coupling between an RF cavity and ports attached to it have been an important study subject for years for RF coupler and higher order modes (HOM) damping design. We report recent progress and a method on the RF coupling simulations between waveguide ports and RF cavities using CST Microwave Studio in time domain (Transit Solver). Comparisons of the measured and calculated couplings are presented. The simulated couplings and frequencies agree within ~ 10% and ~ 0.1% with the measurements, respectively. We have simulated couplings with external Qs ranging from ~ 100 to ~ 100, 000, and confirmed with measurements. The method should also work well for higher Qs, and can be easily applied in RF power coupler designs and HOM damping for normal-conducting and superconducting cavities.  
 
TUPCH186 Low Level RF System Development for SOLEIL feedback, SOLEIL, simulation, beam-loading 1447
 
  • P. Marchand, M.D. Diop, F. Ribeiro, R.S. Sreedharan
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
  • M. Luong, O. Piquet
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  The Low Level RF system that is used in the SOLEIL storage ring consists in fully analog "slow" amplitude, phase and frequency loops, complemented with a direct RF feedback. A fast digital FPGA-based I/Q feedback, currently under development, will be implemented later on. The performance of both systems has been evaluated using a Matlab-Simulink-based simulation tool. The computed and first experimental results are reported.  
 
TUPLS009 Design and Tests of New Fast Kickers for the DAFNE Collider and the ILC Damping Rings kicker, impedance, injection, positron 1502
 
  • D. Alesini, S. Guiducci, F. Marcellini, P. Raimondi
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  In this paper we illustrate the design of new, fast stripline kickers to inject or extract bunches in electron/positron rings. The kickers have been designed for the injection upgrade of the Phi-factory DAFNE and as injection/extraction devices for the International Linear Collider (ILC) damping rings. The design is based on tapering the striplines in order to simultaneously obtain low impedance and an excellent uniformity of the deflecting field. The design has been done using 2D and 3D electromagnetic codes such as Superfish and HFSS. High voltage test results on prototypes are also shown.  
 
WEXPA01 Latest Developments in Superconducting RF Structures for Beta=1 Particle Acceleration TESLA, XFEL, KEK, higher-order-mode 1837
 
  • P. Kneisel
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  Superconducting RF technology is since nearly a decade routinely applied to different kinds of accelerating devices: linear accelerators, storage rings, synchrotron light sources and FEL's. With the technology recommendation for the International Linear Collider (ILC) a year ago, new emphasis has been placed on improving the performance of accelerating cavities both in Q-value and in accelerating gradients with the goal to achieve performance levels close to the fundamental limits given by the material parameters of the choice material, niobium. This paper will summarize the challenges to SRF technology and will review the latest developments in superconducting structure design. Additionally, it will give an overview of the newest results and will report on the developments in alternative materials and technologies.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
WEYPA02 Damping Rings towards Ultra-low Emittances wiggler, emittance, electron, kicker 1857
 
  • S. Guiducci
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  The presentation will review the various designs of Damping Rings to achieve ultra-low emittance beams in Linear Colliders (ILC and CLIC) pointing out the major issues both from the beam dynamics and the technological point of vue and comparing the required performances with the one achieved in SLC or FFTB. It will then present the design, beam simulations, benchmarking and performances already achieved in test facilities, especially the ATF1 facility developed and operated at KEK. Finally, it will present future R&D plans and schedule in terms of beam performances, beam stability and technological development as well as the world-wide organization to achieve them.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
WEOAPA02 Optimum Frequency and Gradient for the CLIC Main Linac linac, luminosity, CLIC, emittance 1867
 
  • A. Grudiev, D. Schulte, W. Wuensch
    CERN, Geneva
  A novel procedure for the optimization of the operating frequency, the accelerating gradient, and many other parameters of the CLIC main linac is presented. Based on the new accelerating structure design HDS (Hybrid Damped Structure), the optimization procedure takes into account both beam dynamics (BD) and RF constraints. BD constraints are related to emittance growth due to short- and long-range transverse wakefields. RF constraints are related to RF breakdown and pulsed surface heating limitations of the accelerating structure. Interpolation of beam and structure parameters in a wide range allows hundreds of millions of structures to be analyzed. Only those structures which satisfy BD and RF constraints are evaluated further in terms of ratio of luminosity to main linac input power, which is used as the figure of merit. The frequency and gradient have been varied in the range 12-30 GHz and 90-150 MV/m, respectively. It is shown that the optimum frequency varies in the range from 16 to 20 GHz depending on the accelerating gradient and that the optimum gradient is below 100 MV/m and that changing frequency and gradient can double the luminosity for the same main linac input power.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
WEXFI01 Instabilities and Space Charge Effects in High Intensity Ring Accelerators space-charge, impedance, dipole, simulation 1882
 
  • O. Boine-Frankenheim, I. Hofmann, V. Kornilov
    GSI, Darmstadt
  This presentation will review beam dynamics in circular accelerators with high beam intensity and space charge effects. The main focus will be on recent theoretical and experimental results related to collective instabilities and resonance crossing with space charge. In the first part of the presentation, the effect of space charge on collective instability thresholds and impedance budgets will be discussed. In this context the effect of space charge induced mode coupling on the longitudinal microwave instability will be illustrated. The stability of longitudinal bunched beam modes and of transverse dipole modes in the presence of space charge will be discussed. Recent work related to the transverse mode coupling instability (TMCI) with space charge will be reviewed. In the second part of the presentation, "incoherent" space charge effects on transverse nonlinear dynamics issues, like nonlinear resonance crossing, will be reviewed.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
WEOFI02 RF Phase Modulation Studies at the LNLS Electron Storage Ring synchrotron, single-bunch, electron, storage-ring 1905
 
  • N.P. Abreu, R.H.A. Farias, P.F. Tavares
    LNLS, Campinas
  In this work we present a set of measurements of the effectiveness of RF phase modulation on the second harmonic of the RF frequency as a mechanism to damp longitudinal coupled-bunch instabilities. We also propose a theoretical model of the damping mechanism, in which the increase of the spread in synchrotron frequencies inside the bunches produced by phase modulation is responsible for damping the centroid dipolar coherent motion caused by an external excitation, which could be a Higher Order Mode (HOM) of the RF cavities driving the coupled bunch motion. We measured the coherent synchrotron oscillation damping of a single bunch under two circumstances, with and without phase modulation, and determined the amount of extra damping due to the modulation. With this experiment we could also measure the frequency of small oscillations around the stable islands formed by phase modulation and its behavior when the RF phase modulation amplitude and frequency are changed. We performed measurements of Beam Transfer Function (BTF) to observe the effects of phase modulation over the stable area for coherent oscillations and compared the results with a theoretical model.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
WEPCH016 Spurious Vertical Dispersion Correction for PETRA III quadrupole, emittance, wiggler, closed-orbit 1954
 
  • G.K. Sahoo, K. Balewski, W. Decking
    DESY, Hamburg
  Spurious vertical dispersion, arising due to the misalignment and rotational errors of magnets in synchrotron radiation sources with low emittances, are highly undesirable as this contributes to the vertical beam size of the photon beam. This is a matter of concern in PETRA III, a 6GeV light source with a designed horizontal emittance of 1nm.rad and 1% emittance coupling. It has a hybrid lattice of FODO and DBA cells, which will be installed in one-eighth of the existing PETRA II ring. In this paper local and global vertical dispersion corrections are discussed. The global vertical dispersion is corrected using vertical corrector magnets (may also consider 12 skew quadrupole magnets), and the skew quadrupoles are used for local correction as well. Eight of them are placed close to the two damping wiggler sections used for minimizing the horizontal emittance. The remaining four are placed in the new octant with DBA cells where insertion devices are installed.  
 
WEPCH036 Design of Short Bunch Compressors for the International Linear Collider emittance, linac, optics, acceleration 1999
 
  • E.-S. Kim
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
  We present a two-stage bunch compressor system that was selected as alternative design in the ILC BCD (baseline configuration design). Initial beam with bunch length of 6 mm rms can be compressed to 150 micron rms in the bunch compressor, but the system uses a single chicane for each stage of compression, rather than the 12 chicanes used in the baseline design. We present the design scheme and performances of the system in detail, including scheme for emittance tuning in the system.  
 
WEPCH095 Models to Study Multi-bunch Coupling through Head-on and Long-range Beam-beam Interactions coupling, LHC, simulation, CERN 2137
 
  • T. Pieloni, W. Herr
    CERN, Geneva
  In the LHC almost 6000 bunches will collide in four interaction points where they experience head-on as well as clustered long range interactions. These lead to a coupling between all bunches and coherent beam-beam effects. For two colliding bunches this is well understood. However, for a large number of bunches colliding with different collision patterns, it results in a complex spectrum of oscillation frequencies with consequences for beam measurements and Landau damping. To study the coherent beam-beam modes, three complementary models have been developped and will be described in this report. Two of these methods rely on self-consistent multi-bunch and multi-particle tracking while the third is a semi-analytic model based on a complex matrix algorithm. The three methods together provide useful information about the beam-beam coupling of multi bunch beams and together provide a deeper insight into the underlying physics.  
 
WEPCH103 Ion Effects in the Electron Damping Ring of the International Linear Collider ion, electron, emittance, ion-effects 2155
 
  • L. Wang, T.O. Raubenheimer
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • A. Wolski
    Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool
  Ion-induced beam instabilities and tune shifts are critical issues for the electron damping ring of the International Linear Collider (ILC). To avoid conventional ion trapping (multi-turn trapping), a long gap is introduced in the electron beam by omitting a number of successive bunches out of a long train. However, the beam can still suffer from the fast ion instability (FII), driven by ions that last only for a single passage of the electron bunches. Our study shows that the ion effects can be significantly mitigated by using multiple gaps, so that the stored beam consists of a number of relatively short bunch trains. The ion effects in the ILC damping rings are investigated using both analytical and numerical methods.  
 
WEPCH109 Comprehensive Benchmark of Electromagnetic 3D Codes in Time and Frequency Domain impedance, simulation, ESRF, vacuum 2167
 
  • V. Serriere, N. Guillotin, J. Jacob
    ESRF, Grenoble
  • F. Marhauser, E. Weihreter
    BESSY GmbH, Berlin
  A comprehensive benchmark of todays most powerful numerical 3D Eigenmode and Time Domain Solvers has been performed using the input geometry of a HOM-damped cavity and a highly lossy waveguide load developed at BESSY. The paper details the simulations results together with existing experimental data.  
 
WEPCH120 Simulation of 3D Space-charge Fields of Bunches in a Beam Pipe of Elliptical Shape space-charge, ASTRA, simulation, DESY 2200
 
  • A. Markovik, G. Pöplau, U. van Rienen
    Rostock University, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Rostock
  • K. Floettmann
    DESY, Hamburg
  Recent applications in accelerator design require precise 3D calculations of space-charge fields of bunches of charged particles additionally taking into account the shape of the beam pipe. An actual problem of this kind is the simulation of e-clouds in damping rings. In this paper a simulation tool for 3D space-charge fields is presented where a beam pipe with an arbitrary elliptical shape is assumed. The discretization of the Poisson equation by the method of finite differences on a Cartesian grid is performed having the space charge field solved only in the points inside the elliptical cross-section of the beam pipe taking care of the conducting boundaries of the pipe. The new routine will be implemented in the tracking code ASTRA. Numerical examples demonstrate the performance of the solution strategy underling the new routine. Further tracking results with the new method are compared to established space-charge algorithms such as the FFT-approach.  
 
WEPCH146 Intrabeam Scattering Studies for the ILC Damping Rings Using a New Matlab Code wiggler, lattice, emittance, positron 2266
 
  • I. Reichel, A. Wolski
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  A new code to calculate the effects of intrabeam scattering (IBS)has been developed in Matlab based on the approximation suggested by K. Bane*. It interfaces with the Accelerator Toolbox** but can also read in lattice functions from other codes. The code has been benchmarked against results from other codes for the ATF*** that use this approximation or do the calculation in a different way. The new code has been used to calculate the emittance growth due to intrabeam scattering for the lattices currently proposed for the ILC Damping Rings, as IBS is a concern, especially for the electron ring. A description of the code and its user interface, as well as results for the Damping Rings, will be presented.

*K. Bane, in Proceedings of EPAC2002, p.1443. **A. Terebilo, Accelerator Toolbox for MATLAB, SLAC-PUB-8732 and www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/at/. ***K. Kubo et al. PhysRevST AB.8.081001 (2005).

 
 
WEPLS032 Spin Tracking at the ILC polarization, positron, synchrotron, radiation 2454
 
  • G.A. Moortgat-Pick, I.R. Bailey, D.P. Barber, J.A. Clarke, J.B. Dainton, O.B. Malyshev, G.A. Moortgat-Pick, D.J. Scott
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire
  • E. Baynham, T.W. Bradshaw, A.J. Brummitt, F.S. Carr, Y. Ivanyushenkov, J. Rochford
    CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • P. Cooke, L.I. Malysheva
    Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool
  Polarized beams will play a key role in the physics programme at the International Linear Collider (ILC). It is expected that the electron and positron sources will be able to produce beams with polarizations of about 90% and 60% respectively. However, to obtain accurate measurements it is essential to have precise knowledge and control of the polarization at the interaction point itself. It follows that the theoretical calculations used for spin tracking must be guaranteed to match the anticipated 0.1% relative measurement uncertainty of the polarimeters. To meet this need, the heLiCal collaboration is developing a computer simulation to track the evolution of the polarization of bunches of electrons and positrons from the sources to the interaction point. We have studied the beam spin dynamics throughout the ILC including spin precession and radiative spin-flip processes in the positron source, damping rings, beam delivery system and the interaction region. We present the result of these studies with special emphasis on the impact of new theoretical calculations for the CAIN bunch-bunch simulation including full spin correlations and higher-order contributions.  
 
WEPLS060 CLIC Polarized Positron Source Based on Laser Compton Scattering laser, CLIC, positron, photon 2520
 
  • F. Zimmermann, H.-H. Braun, M. Korostelev, L. Rinolfi, D. Schulte
    CERN, Geneva
  • S. Araki, Y. Higashi, Y. Honda, Y. Kurihara, M. Kuriki, T. Okugi, T. Omori, T. Taniguchi, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • X. Artru, R. Chehab, M. Chevallier
    IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne
  • E.V. Bulyak, P. Gladkikh
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  • M.K. Fukuda, K. Hirano, M. Takano
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • J. Gao
    IHEP Beijing, Beijing
  • S. Guiducci, P. Raimondi
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • T. Hirose, K. Sakaue, M. Washio
    RISE, Tokyo
  • K. Moenig
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen
  • H.D. Sato
    HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima
  • V. Soskov
    LPI, Moscow
  • V.M. Strakhovenko
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  • T. Takahashi
    Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima
  • A. Tsunemi
    SHI, Tokyo
  • V. Variola, Z.F. Zomer
    LAL, Orsay
  We describe the possible layout and parameters of a polarized positron source for CLIC, where the positrons are produced from polarized gamma rays created by Compton scattering of a 1.3-GeV electron beam off a YAG laser. This scheme is very energy effective using high finesse laser cavities in conjunction with an electron storage ring. We point out the differences with respect to a similar system proposed for the ILC.  
 
WEPLS131 Programmable Power Supply for Distribution Magnet for 20-MeV PEFP Proton Linac power-supply, controls, proton, extraction 2682
 
  • S.-H. Jeong, J. Choi, H.-S. Kang, D.E. Kim, K.-H. Park
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
  The distribution magnet is powered by bipolar switching-mode converter that is employed IGBT module and has controlled by a DSP (Digital Signal Process). This power supply is operated at 350A, 5 Hz programmable stair output for beam distribution to 5 beamlines of 20-MeV PEFP proton linac. Various applications for the different power supply are made simple by software. This paper describes the design and test results of the power supply.  
 
WEPLS132 New Magnet Power Supply for PAL Linac linac, controls, power-supply, quadrupole 2685
 
  • S.-C. Kim, J. Choi, K.M. Ha, J.Y. Huang, J.H. Kim, S.H. Kim, I.S. Ko, S.S. Park
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
  Since the completion of PLS in 1994, PLS Linac magnet power supply(MPS) has been operated for 12 years with 12-bit resolution and 0.1% stability. Improvement in the resolution and the reliability of the Linac MPS is highly required now for the stable beam injection and 4th generation light source research. To improve MPS, we developed new compact MPS of 16-bit resolution and 20ppm stability using four-quadrant switching scheme with 50kHz MOSFET switching device. Bipolar MPS for corrector magnet consists of main power board, control power board, regulator board and CPU board. Size of each board is only 100mm width and 240mm depth. Unipolar MPS for quadrupoles and solenoid magnets is composed by parallel-operation of two main power boards, doubling the current output. Output of MPS is 10V, ±10A for the bipolar and 50V, 50A for the unipolar magnet. In this paper, we report on the development and characteristics of the new MPS for PAL linac.  
 
THOBFI02 Measurement of the Beam Profiles with the Improved Fresnel Zone Plate Monitor coupling, wiggler, optics, emittance 2784
 
  • H. Sakai, N. Nakamura
    ISSP/SRL, Chiba
  • H. Hayano, T. Muto
    KEK, Ibaraki
  We present the recent progress of the FZP (Fresnel Zone Plate) beam profile monitor constructed at KEK-ATF damping ring. This monitor based on an X-ray imaging optics with two FZPs*. In this monitor, the transverse electron beam image at bending magnet is twenty-times magnified by the two FZPs and detected on an X-ray CCD camera. Then the real-time and 2-dimentional transverse beam profiles can be obtained with non-destructive manner by using this monitor. The expected spatial resolution is less than 1 micro-meter. Recently, we install the new mechanical shutter to improve time resolution of the monitor and avoid the effects of the short-term movement of the beam or the monitor itself. By applying this shutter, the shutter opening time was reduced less than 1ms and the beam profile could be measured more accurately. In this paper, we report the new shutter performance and the measurement results of beam profiles by the improved FZP beam profile monitor.

*K. Iida, et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 506 (2003) 41-49.

 
slides icon Transparencies
 
THPCH048 Transverse Coupled Bunch Instability Driven by 792-MHz Cavity HOM in NewSUBARU Electron Storage Ring emittance, synchrotron, pick-up, betatron 2892
 
  • S.H. Hisao, A. Ando, S. Hashimoto, T. Matsubara, Y. Miyahara, Y. Shoji
    NewSUBARU/SPring-8, Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry (LASTI), Hyogo
  The 792-MHz HOM of the RF cavity can drive horizontal coupled bunch instability in the NewSUBARU electron storage ring. This instability is now avoided by tuning the HOM frequency with an additional tuner (HOM tuner). Detailed characteristics of this instability were investigated by changing the HOM frequency, betatron tune, chromaticity and magnitude of the stored current at the energy of 1 GeV. The experiments were performed with 6-bunch equi-space filling to clarify the mode number. Bunch oscillations show saw-tooth patterns when the stored current is not so large. The measured results are compared with an analytical calculation using a rigid bunch model and Sacherer's formalism. The fundamental aspects can be well explained by the calculation, but there exist many problems that cannot be explained by the rigid bunch model.  
 
THPCH062 Collective Effects in the Storage Ring of Taiwan Photon Source impedance, storage-ring, insertion, insertion-device 2928
 
  • P.J. Chou, C.H. Kuo, C.-C. Kuo, M.-H. Wang
    NSRRC, Hsinchu
  A new 3- 3.3 GeV synchrotron light source is proposed and named the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). The TPS design has a natural horizontal emittance less than 2 nm-rad and low emittance coupling, which results in small beam size. The nominal bunch length in TPS storage ring is much shorter compared to the existing Taiwan Light Source, that makes the issue of parasitic heating more significant. Several small-gap insertion devices are planned to provide extremely bright x-ray photon beam. Those design features have impacts on collective beam instabilities. A preliminary study of collective effects in the TPS storage ring is presented.  
 
THPCH065 Suppression of Transverse Instability by a Digital Damper impedance, kicker, space-charge, antiproton 2934
 
  • A.V. Burov, V.A. Lebedev
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  When a beam phase space density increases, it makes its motion intrinsically unstable. To suppress the instabilities, dampers are required. With a progress of digital technology, digital dampers are getting to be more and more preferable, compared with analog ones. Conversion of an analog signal into digital one is described by a linear operator with explicit time dependence. Thus, the analog-digital converter (ADC) does not preserve a signal frequency. Instead, a monochromatic input signal is transformed into a mixture of all possible frequencies, combining the input one with multiples of the sampling frequency. Stability analysis has to include a cross-talk between all these combined frequencies. In this paper, we are analyzing a problem of stability for beam transverse microwave oscillations in a presence of digital damper; the impedance and the space charge are taken into account. The developed formalism is applied for antiproton beam in the Recycler Ring at Fermilab.  
 
THPCH066 Transient Beam Loading in the DIAMOND Storage Ring DIAMOND, beam-loading, simulation, storage-ring 2937
 
  • S. De Santis, J.M. Byrd
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • R. Bartolini
    Diamond, Oxfordshire
  Harmonic cavity systems have been installed on several 3rd generation light sources to lengthen the bunches and increase the Touschek lifetime. Apart from this beneficial effect, harmonic cavities are known to increase the transient beam loading in high-current machines, due to the presence of gaps in the fill pattern. The amplitude of this effect, which is substantially larger than that caused by the main RF system, can in turn produce considerable variations in bunch length and phase along the train, which result in a significant reduction of the lifetime increase. We have developed a tracking simulation, which we have applied to the analysis of the beam loading transients in Diamond, for the case of passive superconducting harmonic cavities. The influence of beam current, gap amplitude and harmonic cavity tuning on the final lifetime have been studied, as well as the effects of higher-order modes.  
 
THPCH075 Simulation of the Electron Cloud for Various Configurations of a Damping Ring for the ILC electron, simulation, wiggler, positron 2958
 
  • M.T.F. Pivi, T.O. Raubenheimer, L. Wang
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • K. Ohmi
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • R. Wanzenberg
    DESY, Hamburg
  • A. Wolski
    Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool
  • F. Zimmermann
    CERN, Geneva
  In the beam pipe of the Damping Ring (DR) of the International Linear Collider (ILC), an electron cloud may be first produced by photoelectrons and ionization of residual gasses and then increased by the secondary emission process. This paper reports about the work that has been done by the electron cloud assessment international task force group for the recommendation of the ILC Damping Rings baseline design, made in November 2005. We have carefully estimated the secondary electron yield (SEY) threshold for electron cloud build-up and estimated the related single- and coupled-bunch instabilities that can be caused by the presence of electron cloud as a function of beam current and surface properties, for a variety of optics designs. The result of these studies was an important consideration in the choice of a 6-km design for the ILC damping rings. On the basis of the theoretical and experimental work, the baseline configuration specifies a pair of damping rings for the positron beam to mitigate the effects of the electron cloud.  
 
THPCH077 Resistive-wall Instability in the Damping Rings of the ILC impedance, feedback, vacuum, betatron 2964
 
  • L. Wang, K.L.F. Bane, T.O. Raubenheimer, M.C. Ross
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  In the damping rings of the International Linear Collider (ILC), the resistive-wall instability is one of the dominant transverse instabilities. This instability directly influences the choice of material and aperture of the vacuum pipe, and the parameters of the transverse feedback system. This paper investigates the resistive-wall instabilities in an ILC damping ring under various conditions of beam pipe material, aperture, and fill pattern.  
 
THPCH081 Transverse Impedance of Elliptical Cross-section Tapers impedance, vacuum, BNL, synchrotron 2973
 
  • B. Podobedov, S. Krinsky
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  We investigate the transverse impedance of elliptical cross-section tapers. Analytical estimates for the dipole and quadrupolar components of the impedance at low frequency are obtained by extending a perturbation approach introduced by Stupakov. The perturbation theory results are compared to EM code GdfidL and are found to be in excellent agreement.  
 
THPCH082 Broadband Bunch by Bunch Feedback for the ESRF using a Single High Resolution and Fast Sampling FPGA DSP feedback, kicker, FIR, pick-up 2976
 
  • E. Plouviez, P. Arnoux, F. Epaud, J. Jacob, J.M. Koch, N. Michel, G.A. Naylor, J.-L. Revol, V. Serriere, D. Vial
    ESRF, Grenoble
  In order to increase the current in the ESRF storage ring we have developed a set of multibunch feedback systems aimed at fighting longitudinal and transverse coupled bunch instabilities. The longitudinal feedback (LFB) has been the first system installed and tested. It was designed using the scheme developed at SLAC, ALS and INFN Frascati: bunch by bunch processing of a beam phase error signal and correction using a low Q kicker driven by a QPSK modulator. However, we took advantage for this development of the latest available technology for the signal processing electronics with high resolution, high sampling rate ADC and DAC, and FPGA DSP, as well as for the FPGA programming environment. It allowed us to substantially reduce the complexity: the algorithm runs on a single processor, the kicker requires only 200W of RF power to control a 6GeV beam, and the implementation took only about one year. We will describe the main features of our LFB and present the results already achieved in the damping of instabilities driven by our RF cavity HOM. We will also report on the status of the transverse feedback, which is being built up using the same FPGA system as the longitudinal one.  
 
THPCH087 Design and Operation of a Ferrite Loaded Kicker Cavity for the Longitudinal Coupled Bunch Feedback for HERA-p resonance, kicker, impedance, feedback 2991
 
  • J. Randhahn, S. Choroba, M. Dohlus, M. Ebert, F.E. Eints, M.G. Hoffmann, R. Wagner
    DESY, Hamburg
  A longitudinal broadband damper system to control coupled bunch instabilities has recently been constructed and installed in the 920 GeV proton accelereator HERA-p at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY. The goal of this system is to reduce the bunch length and thus increase specific luminosity at HERA-p. Within the control system a kicker cavity is used as an actuator. The original aspect of this cavity lies in the simple geometry with no need for vacuum inside the cavity and high shunt impedance despite an internal ferrite load. The ferrite load is succesfully used to dampen higher order modes down to Q < 50 while the fundamental mode is damped by less than 2 dB. While nominal input power is rated at 60 dBm the cavity is prepared to handle beam loading. In spite of power requirements and ferrite load the cavity needs no active cooling. It can be tuned in center frequency and bandwidth over a range of 96..105 MHz and 4..7 MHz respectively and in consequence provides an optimal actuator for the particle beam control system. Presented will be the design details, all relevant parameters, the design of the internal ferrite load and operational experience.  
 
THPCH092 Single-loop Two-dimensional Transverse Feedback for Photon Factory FIR, feedback, kicker, factory 3006
 
  • T. Nakamura, K. Kobayashi
    JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken
  • W.X. Cheng, T. Honda, M. Izawa, T. Obina, M. Tadano
    KEK, Ibaraki
  We installed a 500MS/s single-loop two-dimensional transverse bunch-by-bunch feedback system in the Photon Factory ring at KEK and the system is in operation at its user mode. The system composed of a single feedback loop; one skewed pair of BPM electrodes and one kicker stripline at skewed position to detect position and kick horizontally and vertically with a single signal line, and a SPring-8 feedback processor. Consequently, this system is easy to tune and cost effective. SPring-8 feedback processor employs FPGA that has enough computing power for processing more than 20-tap FIR filter required for newly developed two-dimensional feedback signal processing. We report the principle of the system, the result of test and the experience.  
 
THPCH093 Bunch-by-bunch Feedback for the Photon Factory Storage Ring feedback, impedance, kicker, controls 3009
 
  • W.X. Cheng, T. Honda, M. Izawa, T. Obina, M.T. Tadano, M. Tobiyama
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • K. Kobayashi, T. Nakamura
    JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken
  After the straight-section upgrade in 2005, the PF (Photon Factory) ring will start the top-up operation or the continuous mode in 2006. Previously the octupole magnets were used to suppress the transverse coupled bunch instability and RF modulation method to enhance the bunch length has been effectively used to suppress the longitudinal instabilities. However, such kind of methods are not suitable for the top-up operation, we are preparing active bunch-by-bunch feedback systems for both transverse and longitudinal plane. The transverse feedback system has been installed along with the straight-section upgrade, this system uses a FPGA based feedback processor board developed at the SPring-8, both horizontal and vertical signals are processed in a single control loop. For the longitudinal feedback, a two-port DAFNE type wide-band cavity has been designed and is now manufacturing, a digital signal processing part is under design, the whole system will start commissioning in autumn 2006.  
 
THPCH095 Transverse Damping System at SIS100 feedback, kicker, injection, GSI 3014
 
  • V. Zhabitsky, E. Gorbachev, N.I. Lebedev
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • U. Blell, P.J. Spiller
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The basic concept and main design features of the transverse damping system at the SIS100 synchrotron are presented. SIS100 with five times the circumference of the current SIS18 accelerator is a part of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) which is the next accelerator complex being constructed on the GSI site. The existing GSI accelerators serve as injector for SIS100. The SIS100 synchrotron will provide ion beams of high intensities which can lead to transversal and longitudinal beam instabilities. In order to damp the coherent transverse beam oscillations, a transverse feedback system (TFS) is going to be implemented in SIS100. The TFS presented is a feedback with a real-time digital signal processing for damping of transverse injection oscillations, feedback curing transverse coupled bunch instabilities, and excitation of transverse oscillations for beam measurements and other applications. The data on the bandwidth and gain of the TFS as well as the general description of the central processing unit are presented.  
 
THPCH097 Commissioning of the Digital Transverse Bunch-by-bunch Feedback System for the TLS feedback, FIR, kicker, controls 3020
 
  • K.H. Hu, J. Chen, P.J. Chou, K.-T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, C.H. Kuo, D. Lee, C.-J. Wang
    NSRRC, Hsinchu
  • A. Chao
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • K. Kobayashi, T. Nakamura
    JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken
  • W.-T. Weng
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  Multi-bunch instabilities degrade the beam quality leading to increased beam emittance, energy spread or even to beam loss. The feedback system is used to suppress multi-bunch instabilities due to resistive wall of the beam ducts, cavity-like structures and trapped ions. A new digital transverse bunch-by-bunch feedback system was commissioned at the Taiwan Light Source recently, and has replaced the previous analog system. The new system has the advantages that it enlarges the tune acceptance compared with the old system, enhances damping for transverse instability at high current, and as a result, top-up operation was achieved. In this new system, a single feedback loop simultaneously suppresses both the horizontal and vertical multi-bunch instabilities. The feedback system employs the latest generation FPGA feedback processor to process bunch signals. Memory installed to capture up to 250 msec bunch oscillation signal has included the considerations for system diagnostic and should be able to support various beam physics study.  
 
THPCH099 A Turn-by-turn, Bunch-by-bunch Diagnostics System for the PEP-II Transverse Feedback Systems feedback, controls, SLAC, injection 3026
 
  • R. Akre, W.S. Colocho, A. Krasnykh, V. Pacak, R. Steele, U. Wienands
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  A diagnostics system centered around commercial fast 8-bit digitizer boards has been implemented for the transverse feedback systems at PEP-II. The boards can accumulate bunch-by-bunch position data for 4800 turns (35 ms) in the x plane and the y plane. A dedicated trigger chassis allows to trigger the data acquisition on demand, or on an injection shot to diagnose injection problems, and provides gating signals for grow-damp measurements. Usually, the boards constantly acquire data and a beam abort stops data acquitision, thus preserving the last 4800 turns of position information before a beam abort. Software in a local PC reads out the boards and transfers data to a fileserver. Matlab-based data analysis software allows to present the raw data but also higher-level functions like spectra, modal analysis, spectrograms and other functions. The system has been instrumental in diagnosing beam instabilities in PEP. This paper will describe the architecture of the system and its applications.  
 
THPCH103 Design and Testing of Gproto Bunch-by-bunch Signal Processor feedback, diagnostics, luminosity, injection 3038
 
  • D. Teytelman, R. Akre, J.D. Fox, A. Krasnykh, C.H. Rivetta, D. Van Winkle
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • A. Drago
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • J.W. Flanagan, T. Naito, M. Tobiyama
    KEK, Ibaraki
  A prototype programmable bunch-by-bunch signal acquisition and processing channel with multiple applications in storage rings has been developed at SLAC. The processing channel supports up to 5120 bunches with bunch spacings as close as 1.9 ns. The prototype has been tested and operated in five storage rings: SPEAR-3, DAFNE, PEP-II, KEKB, and ATF damping ring. The testing included such applications as transverse and longitudinal coupled-bunch instability control, bunch-by-bunch luminosity monitoring, and injection diagnostic. In this contribution the prototype design will be described and its operation will be illustrated with the data measured at the abovementioned accelerators.  
 
THPCH106 ISAC II RF Controls - Status and Commissioning controls, resonance, CERN, target 3047
 
  • M.P. Laverty, S.F. Fang, K. Fong, Q. Zheng
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  The rf control system for the 20 ISAC II superconducting cavities is a hybrid analogue/digital design which has undergone several iterations in the course of its development. In the current design, the cavity operates in a self-excited feedback loop, while phase locked loops are used to achieve frequency and phase stability. One digital signal processor provides amplitude and phase regulation, while a second is used for mechanical cavity tuning control. The most recent version has been updated to incorporate newer hardware and software technology, as well as to allow for improved manufacturability and diagnostics. Operating firmware and software can be updated remotely, if the need arises and system security permits. This paper describes the RF control system, outlines the status of the system, and details the commissioning experience gained in operating this system with the first four-cavity cryomodule.  
 
THPCH147 Solid-state High Voltage Pulse Power in the 10-100 Nanosecond Regime kicker, collider, insertion, linear-collider 3134
 
  • M.A. Kempkes, F.O. Arntz, N. Butler, J.A. Casey, M.P.J. Gaudreau
    Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford
  New particle accelerators, with voltages exceeding 50 kV and currents exceeding 1,000 A, require kicker magnet drivers to deliver pulsed power with durations in the 10-100 ns range. Similar levels of pulse performance are needed for state-of-the-art eximer laser systems, impulse radar transmitters, and particle accelerators for medical therapy. In addition, the processing of food using pulsed electric fields (PEF processing) has similar requirements. In this paper, DTI will review solid-state pulse power technologies capable of delivering high-voltage, high-current pulses with 10-to-100 nanosecond pulse duration. IGBTs, MOSFETs, snap-off diodes, and magnetic pulse compression will be discussed. Current research at Diversified Technologies, Inc. is exploring the impact of these switching devices and circuits on pulse wave shape, pulse repeatability, adjustability of pulse voltage, current and timing, maximum pulse rate (PRF), jitter, and robustness.  
 
THPCH148 Tests of a High Voltage Pulser for ILC Damping Ring Kickers kicker, extraction, linac, injection 3137
 
  • M.A. Palmer, G. Dugan, D. L. Rubin
    Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
  • R. Meller
    Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
  The baseline configuration for the International Linear Collider (ILC) damping rings specifies a single 6 km damping ring for electrons and two 6 km rings for positrons. Kicker requirements are determined by the damping ring circumference and the train structure in the main linac. The nominal bunch train parameters in the ILC main linac are trains of 2820 bunches with 308 ns spacing and a train repetition rate of 5 Hz. This means that the pulsers for the damping ring kickers must have rise and fall times suitable for bunch spacings of ~6 ns, must be able to operate with 3.25 Mhz bursts, and must support an average pulse rate of 14.1 kHz. We describe bench and beam tests of a pulser based on fast ionization dynistor technology whose specifications roughly meet these requirements. We then discuss the implications of our results for the ILC damping ring kickers.  
 
THPLS076 Status of RF Deflecting Cavity Design for the Generation of Short X-Ray Pulses in the Advanced Photon Source Storage Ring radiation, storage-ring, impedance, KEK 3460
 
  • G.J. Waldschmidt, M. Borland, Y.-C. Chae, K.C. Harkay, D. Horan, A. Nassiri
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois
  The Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory is exploring the possibility of using radio frequency deflection to generate x-ray radiation pulses on the order of 1 pico-second (Delta t - 70%) or less*. This scheme is based on a proposal by A. Zholents et al.** that relies on manipulating the transverse momenta of the electrons in a bunch by using an rf deflecting cavity to induce a longitudinally dependent vertical deflection of the beam. The beam will then travel through a number of undulators before arriving at a second set of deflecting cavities where the deflection is reversed such that the remainder of the storage ring is largely unperturbed***. Considerable effort has been expended on the design of a superconducting rf deflecting cavity operating in the S-Band at 2.8 GHz to address fundamental design issues including cavity geometry, deflecting voltage, rf power coupling, tuning, and damping of higher-order and lower-order modes. In this paper we present simulation results and analysis of an optimized superconducting rf deflecting cavity design for the APS storage ring.

*K. Harkay et al. Proceedings of 2005 PAC, Knoxville, TN, May 2005, p. 668. **A. Zholents et al. Nucl. Instrum. Methods, A425, 385 (1999). ***M. Borland and V. Sajaev. Proceedings of 2005 PAC, Knoxville, TN, May 2005, p. 3886.

 
 
THPLS113 Design of a Fast Extraction Kicker for the Accelerator Test Facility kicker, impedance, extraction, SLAC 3544
 
  • S. De Santis, A. Wolski
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • M.C. Ross
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  We present a study for the design of a fast extraction kicker to be installed in the Advanced Test Facility ring. The purpose of the project is to test the technologies to be used in the design of the extraction kickers for the ILC damping rings. The kicker's rise and fall times are important parameters in the design of the damping rings, as they limit the minimum distance between bunches and ultimately define a lower boundary for the ring length. We propose a stripline kicker composed of several 20-cm long sections, grouped in two locations in the ATF damping ring. An analytical study of the kicker's parameters and computer simulations using Microwave Studio* point out the strict requirements on the pulsers, in order to be able to satisfy the design parameters.

*http://www.cst.com

 
 
THPLS121 Status of the PETRA III Damping Wigglers wiggler, vacuum, PETRA, DESY 3565
 
  • M. Tischer, K. Balewski, M. Seidel, L. Yongjun
    DESY, Hamburg
  • A.A. Krasnov, V. Kuzminykh, E. Levichev, P. Vobly, K. Zolotarev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  After mid-2007, the present PETRA storage ring at DESY will be reconstructed towards a dedicated third generation light source operating at 6 GeV. An emittance reduction down to 1 nm can be achieved by means of damping wigglers. 20 permanent magnet wigglers will be installed in two of the long straights of the machine. The wiggler segments are compact fixed gap devices surrounded by iron enclosures to reduce the leakage flux. Each device will provide a damping integral of 4 T2m per segment and generate a synchrotron radiation power of 42 kW. Every wiggler segment will be followed by an SR-absorber to protect all downstream components, the accumulated on-axis power of about 200 kW will be taken up by a final absorber at the damping section end. The wiggler's magnetic design, field properties and correction schemes have previously been proven by a one period long prototype. At present, the first full length (4m) prototype wiggler has been assembled and characterized magnetically.