EPAC 2006 - List of Keywords

A B C D E F G H I K L M O P Q R S T U V W X

optics

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPCH053	Towards Sub-picoseconds Electron Bunches: Upgrading Ideas for BESSY II	radiation, electron, focusing, storage-ring	157
	G. Wuestefeld, J. Feikes, P. Kuske BESSY GmbH, Berlin
	Sub-picoseconds bunches were achieved with the BESSY low alpha optics, and their lengths were measured using Fourier Transform spectroscopy. To avoid the coherent synchrotron radiation instability, the current in these short bunches has to be limited to theμampere level. An upgrade of the BESSY II rf gradient to much larger values is suggested to overcome this low current limitation by two orders of magnitude. Intense, picoseconds long bunches could then be achieved already at the regular user optics. The resulting short and very intense electron bunches are useful for generation of short x-ray pulses and powerful THz-radiation. Expected parameters of bunch length and current are discussed. J. Feikes et al. "Sub-Picoseconds Electron Bunches in the BESSY Storage Ring", EPAC'04, Luzerne (Switzerland), July 2004.

MOPCH054	Plans for the Generation of Short Radiation Pulses at the Diamond Storage Ring	DIAMOND, radiation, storage-ring, synchrotron	160
	R. Bartolini Diamond, Oxfordshire M. Borland, K.C. Harkay ANL, Argonne, Illinois
	Diamond is a third generation light source under commissioning in Oxfordshire UK. In view of the increasing interest in the production of short radiation pulses, we have investigated the possibility to operate with a low-alpha optics, the use of a third harmonic cavity for bunch shortening and the implementation of a crab cavity scheme in the Diamond storage ring. The results of the initial accelerator studies will be described, including the modification of the beam optics, non-linear beam dynamics optimisation and choice of RF parameters for the crab cavity operation. The expected performance of these schemes will be summarised.

MOPCH091	An Alternative Nonlinear Collimation System for the LHC	collimation, LHC, sextupole, insertion	246
	J. Resta-López, R.W. Assmann, S. Redaelli, J. Resta-López, G. Robert-Demolaize, D. Schulte, F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva A. Faus-Golfe IFIC, Valencia
	The optics design of an alternative nonlinear collimation system for the LHC is presented. We discuss an optics scheme based on a single spoiler located in between a pair of skew sextupoles for betatron collimation. The nonlinear system allows opening up the collimator gaps and, thereby reduces the collimator impedance, which presently limits the LHC beam intensity. After placing secondary absorbers at optimum locations behind the spoiler, we analyze the beam losses and calculate the cleaning efficiency from tracking studies. The results are compared with those of the conventional linear collimation system.

MOPCH095	Performance of Nominal and Ultimate LHC Beams in the CERN PS-booster	LHC, injection, emittance, CERN	258
	M. Benedikt, M. Chanel, K. Hanke CERN, Geneva
	The requirements for nominal and ultimate LHC beams in the CERN PS-Booster were specified in 1993 and served as input for the definition of the "PS conversion for LHC" project. Already during the upgrade project and also after its completion in 2000, the beam intensities to be provided from the PS Booster were increased in order to compensate for changes on the LHC machine, the beam production scheme in the PS and for non-anticipated beam losses along the injector chain. In order to improve the beam brightness, to be compatible with the increased requirements, extensive machine studies have taken place on the PS-Booster. The working point was changed to reduce the influence of systematic resonances and the injection line optics was re-matched to improve the injection efficiency. The paper summarizes briefly the evolution of the performance requirements. The various measures undertaken to improve the LHC beam quality are outlined and the present performance achieved in the PS-Booster is presented.

MOPCH096	LEIR Lattice	injection, quadrupole, electron, lattice	261
	J. Pasternak, P. Beloshitsky, C. Carli, M. Chanel CERN, Geneva
	The Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) is a low energy ion cooling and accumulation ring and serves to compress long ion pulses from Linac 3 into high density bunches suitable for LHC ion operation. Issues of the LEIR lattice are to fulfil all constraints with a small number of quadrupoles and compensations of perturbations due to an electron cooler and gradients seen by the beam in the bending magnets during the ramp. Furthermore, experimental investigations via orbit reponse measurements will be reported.

MOPCH106	An Innovative Method to Observe RFQ Vanes Motion with Full-scale RF Power and Water Cooling	rfq, vacuum, LEFT, SPIRAL2	288
	A. France, O. Piquet CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette R. Ferdinand GANIL, Caen
	The design of high current RFQs is heavily strained by thermo-mechanical considerations, which eventually have an impact on machining costs, cooling systems, etc. A 1-meter long copper prototype of the SPIRAL2 RFQ has been specifically built to corroborate design options. An innovative method has been developed, allowing real-time observation of mechanical deformations of RFQ vanes, with full-scale RF power and water cooling. Digital images are acquired by a CCD camera, and processed by a dedicated software. Processing includes contrast stretching, low-pass filtering, and block-correlation followed by interpolation. Sub-pixel relative motions of RFQ electrode ends are clearly detected and measured, with RMS errors of the order of 0.6 microns.

MOPLS004	Estimation and Analysis of the Machine-induced Background at the TOTEM Roman Pot Detectors in the IR5 of the LHC	LHC, background, simulation, hadron	535
	V. Talanov IHEP Protvino, Protvino, Moscow Region V. Avati Helsinki University, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki M. Deile, D. Macina CERN, Geneva
	The problem of background generation in the experimental insertion IR5 of the LHC during machine operation in the dedicated TOTEM mode with low intensity beams and the specially designed beta* = 1540 m optics is discussed. The sources of the machine-induced background in the IR5 forward physics areas are identified and their relative importance is evaluated. The results of the background simulation in the IR5 are presented, based on the most recent estimates of the residual gas density for TOTEM beam conditions. The methods for background analysis and rejection are explained.

MOPLS013	The Roman Pot for LHC	vacuum, LHC, radiation, scattering	562
	M. Oriunno, M. Deile, K. Eggert, J.-M. Lacroix, S.J. Mathot, E.P. Noschis, R. Perret, E.R. Radermacher, G. Ruggiero CERN, Geneva
	The LHC machine will be equipped with Roman Pot stations by the TOTEM experiment to measure the pp total cross section and to study the elastic scattering and the diffraction physics processes. TOTEM needs to bring the pots, equipped with cold micro-strip silicon detectors, as a close as possible to the high intensity beam of LHC. Because of the special optics required by TOTEM, the beam has a transversal size of only 80 microns at the Roman pot locations. Safety considerations for the machine protection set the limit to 10 ?, i.e. 800 μm. Such unprecedented parameters, together with the issues of the Ultra High Vacuum and the RF compatibility, and the harsh radiation environment, have requested a design for the Roman Pot system, which is compliant with the LHC requirements and operations. To better meet also the challenging requirements of TOTEM, a technology development of a thin window has been pursued and a flatness of less than 50 μm has been obtained by brazing foil of 150 μm thicknesses. A prototype of the Roman Pot and of the thin window box have been manufactured and tested. We describe the main issues of the final design and the results of the preliminary tests.

MOPLS030	Recent Progress of KEKB	luminosity, KEKB, electron, vacuum	610
	Y. Funakoshi KEK, Ibaraki
	We summarize the machine operation of KEKB during the past one year, focusing on progress for this period.

MOPLS037	Beams Injection System for e⁺e^- Collider VEPP-2000	injection, collider, quadrupole, luminosity	622
	D.E. Berkaev, V.V. Druzhinin, I. Koop, A.P. Lysenko, F.V. Podgorny, V.P. Prosvetov, P.Yu. Shatunov, Y.M. Shatunov, D.B. Shwartz BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	Electron-positron collider VEPP-2000 is under commissioning at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. The paper presents the injection system of the collider delivering the beam from the booster storage ring BEP with maximum energy 900 MeV. A matching of the beam injection with the storage ring optics is done with respect to a nonlinear kicker field. Features of beam diagnostic and transfer line magnets including pulse septums (100 mksec; 30 kGs) and fast kickers (20 nsec; 70 kV) are described. Results of the magnetic measurements and their comparison to calculated data are given.

MOPLS043	Studies of the Beam-beam Interaction at CESR	electron, positron, injection, lattice	637
	J.A. Crittenden Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York M.G. Billing CESR-LEPP, Ithaca, New York
	The Cornell Electron Storage Ring facility operates 2-GeV multi-bunch electron and positron beams in a single beam-pipe. Electrostatic separators are used to separate the two counter-rotating beams at the parasitic crossings. When the beam energy was lowered from 5 GeV in 2003, the strength of the beam-beam interaction became a more important factor in beam-current limitations, resulting in extensive experimental and calculational studies of their characteristics. The CESR lattice design procedure has been modified recently to account explicitly for their dynamic consequences. We describe our modelling of the beam-beam interaction, experimental validation techniques, and investigations into compensation strategies.

MOPLS052	Luminosity Improvement at PEP-II Based on Optics Model and Beam-beam Simulation	luminosity, simulation, sextupole, synchrotron	661
	Y. Cai, W.S. Colocho, F.-J. Decker, Y. Nosochkov, P. Raimondi, J. Seeman, K.G. Sonnad, M.K. Sullivan, J.L. Turner, M. Weaver, U. Wienands, W. Wittmer, M. Woodley, Y.T. Yan, G. Yocky SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	The model independent analysis (MIA) has been successfully used at PEP-II to understand machine optics and improve the luminosity. However, the rate of success was limited because the improvement of optics does not necessarily lead to increase of luminosity. Recently, we were able to reconstruct MIA model in a full optics code, LEGO, and used it to calculate complete lattice and beam parameters. These parameters were fed to the beam-beam code, BBI, to understand the luminosity histories at PEP-II over the past year. Using these tools, we optimized the luminosity by varying the beam parameters such as emittance. Finally, we implemented an optimized solution with a set of asymmetric horizontal orbit bumps into the machines during a delivery shift with a few percentage gain in luminosity. The solution was retained at PEP-II machines along with the luminosity. Later, these asymmetric bumps also played a vital role in reaching 1x10³⁴cm-2s-1 as the beam currents increased.

MOPLS054	On Increasing the HERA Luminosity	luminosity, proton, lepton, electron	667
	Y.A. Kot, F.J. Willeke DESY, Hamburg
	The luminosity of the HERA lepton proton collider is limited in part by the bunch length of the protons of 20cm. This limitation is expected to be removed by the installation of a new damper system which will control longitudinal coupled bunch instabilities of the proton beam and avoid the bunch lengthening of a factor of two. This opens the possibility for increasing the luminosity HERA since the beta functions at IP for both leptons and protons can be lowered by about 20% without noticeable reduction of the corresponding luminosity by the so-called hour-glass effect. The beam spot size can be further reduced if the beam-beam focusing of the leptons (dynamic beta) at IP is increased by softening the rigorous beam beam-beta beat compensation which is accomplished by proper phasing of the two IP's. Unfortunately the non-linear chromaticity compensation would be weakened as well, which will cause an enhancement of the synchro-betatron resonances and may lead to poor lifetime and poor background conditions. Therefore, the non-linear chromaticity needs to be reduced by means of a more complex scheme of chromaticity compensating sextupole magnets.

MOPLS060	Design of an Interaction Region with Head-on Collisions for the ILC	extraction, quadrupole, dipole, luminosity	682
	J. Payet, O. Napoly, C. Rippon, D. Uriot CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette M. Alabau Pons, P. Bambade, J. Brossard, O. Dadoun, C. Rimbault LAL, Orsay D.A.-K. Angal-Kalinin, F. Jackson CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire R. Appleby UMAN, Manchester L. Keller, Y. Nosochkov, A. Seryi SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	An interaction region with head-on collisions is considered an alternative to the baseline configuration of the International Linear Collider, including two interaction regions with finite crossing-angles (2 and 20 mrad). Although more challenging from the point of view of the beam extraction, the head-on scheme is favoured by the experiments because it allows a more convenient detector configuration, particularly in the forward region. The optics of the head-on extraction is revisited by separating the e⁺ and e^- beams horizontally, first by electrostatic separators operated at their LEP nominal field and then using a defocusing quadrupole of the final focus beam line. In this way the septum magnet is protected from the beamstrahlung power. Newly optimized final focus and extraction optics are presented, including a first look at post-collision diagnostics. The influence of parasitic collisions is shown to lead to a region of stable collision parameters. Beam and beamstrahlung photon losses are calculated along the extraction elements. Issues concerning the design of the large bore superconducting final focus magnets, common to both incoming and outgoing beams, are considered.

MOPLS061	Optimization of the e-e^- Option for the ILC	luminosity, extraction, simulation, quadrupole	685
	M. Alabau Pons, M. Alabau Pons, A. Faus-Golfe IFIC, Valencia R. Appleby UMAN, Manchester P. Bambade, O. Dadoun LAL, Orsay
	The e-e^- running mode is one of the interesting physics options for the International Linear Collider. The luminosity for e-e^- collisions is reduced by mutual defocusing due to the strong electromagnetic fields that the bunches experience during collisions. The resulting beamstrahlung energy loss and beam-beam deflection angles as function of the vertical transverse offset are different compared to the e⁺e^- collisions. In this paper, the dependence of these observables with the offset for different beam sizes has been analysed to optimize performances for the e-e^- mode, taking into account the requirements of the beam-beam deflection based intra-train feedback system. A first study of the implications for the final focus and extraction line optics is also presented for the cases of the 2mrad and 20mrad ILC base line crossing angle geometries.

MOPLS077	The 2mrad Crossing Angle Interaction Region and Extraction Line	extraction, quadrupole, beam-transport, interaction-region	730
	R. Appleby UMAN, Manchester D.A.-K. Angal-Kalinin CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire P. Bambade, O. Dadoun LAL, Orsay J. Carter Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey L. Keller, K. C. Moffeit, Y. Nosochkov, A. Seryi, C.M. Spencer SLAC, Menlo Park, California O. Napoly CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette B. Parker BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	A complete optics design for the 2mrad crossing angle interaction region and extraction line was presented at Snowmass 2005. Since this time, the design task force has been working on developing and improving the performance of the extraction line. The work has focused on optimising the final doublet parameters and on reducing the power losses resulting from the disrupted beam transport. In this paper, the most recent status of the 2mrad layout and the corresponding performance are presented.

MOPLS078	Benchmarking of Tracking Codes (BDSIM/DIMAD) using the ILC Extraction Lines	extraction, beam-transport, quadrupole, SLAC	733
	R. Appleby UMAN, Manchester P. Bambade, O. Dadoun LAL, Orsay A. Ferrari UU/ISV, Uppsala
	The study of beam transport is of central importance to the design and performance assessment of modern particle accelerators. In this work, we benchmark two contemporary codes - DIMAD and BDSIM, the latter being a relatively new tracking code and built within the framework of GEANT4. We consider both the 20mrad and 2mrad extraction lines of the International Linear Collider and perform disrupted beam tracking studies of heavily disrupted post-collision electron beams. We find that the two codes in most cases give an equivalent description of the beam transport.

MOPLS080	A Laser-wire System at the ATF Extraction Line	laser, electron, photon, extraction	738
	S.T. Boogert, G.A. Blair, G.E. Boorman, A. Bosco, L. Deacon, C. Driouichi Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey A. Aryshev, H. Hayano, V. Karataev, K. Kubo, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki A. Brachmann, J.C. Frisch, M.C. Ross SLAC, Menlo Park, California N. Delerue JAI, Oxford S. Dixit, F.B. Foster, G.F. Gannaway, D.F. Howell, Q.M. Qureshi, A. Reichold, R. Senanayake OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon L.J. Jenner Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire T. Kamps BESSY GmbH, Berlin
	A new laser-wire system has been installed at the ATF extraction line at KEK, Tsukuba. The system aims at a micron-scale laser spot size and employs a mode-locked laser system. The purpose-built interaction chamber, light delivery optics, and lens systems are described, and the first results are presented.

MOPLS081	A Study of Laser System Requirements for Application in Beam Diagnostics and Polarimetry at the ILC	laser, diagnostics, controls, luminosity	741
	S. Dixit, N. Delerue, K.J. Peach JAI, Oxford G.A. Blair, S.T. Boogert, G.E. Boorman, A. Bosco, C. Driouichi Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey A. Brachmann, J.C. Frisch, M.C. Ross SLAC, Menlo Park, California F.B. Foster, D.F. Howell, Q.G. Quelch, Q.M. Qureshi, A. Reichold OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon G.J. Hirst, I. N. Ross CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon V. Soskov, V. Variola, Z.F. Zomer LAL, Orsay J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki
	Advanced laser systems will be essential for a range of diagnostics devices at the ILC. High average power, excellent stability and reliability will be crucial in order to deliver the information required to attain the necessary ILC luminosity. The key parameters are listed together with the R&D required to achieve the necessary laser system performance.

TUXPA01	Tevatron Operational Status and Possible Lessons for the LHC	antiproton, collider, proton, target	900
	V.A. Lebedev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	This talk will provide an overview of the Tevatron Run II luminosity progress and plans, including SC magnet measurements and modeling of field errors in view of the LHC operation, electron cooling progress and results, slip-stacking and optimized use of the injectors for antiproton production, and improvements in the antiproton source.
	Transparencies

TUODFI03	Operational Status of CESR-c	luminosity, wiggler, electron, positron	992
	J.A. Crittenden Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
	We summarize recent running experience at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring operating as a high-statistics production-threshold factory for mesons containing charm quarks. Since beginning operation at beam energies near 2 GeV in late 2003, CESR has accumulated world-record samples of D and D$_s$ meson decays and has also operated in an energy-scanning mode, making unique contributions to the presently very active field of charm spectroscopy. CESR lattice design is characterized by the versatility provided by the variety of beam-line components applied to the challenges imposed by the beam-beam interactions at the parasitic crossing points in the pretzel orbits and the necessity of powerful superconducting wiggler magnets used to tune damping and emittance. We describe the observed tune-plane, beam-current and luminosity limits, as well as our understanding of their sources and near-term plans for operational improvements.
	Transparencies

TUPCH058	Very Small Beam Size Measurement by Reflective SR Interferometer at KEK-ATF	emittance, coupling, damping, KEK	1142
	T. Naito, T. Mitsuhashi KEK, Ibaraki
	An SR interferometer with the Herschelian reflective optics has been developed for the measurement of several um beam size. The chromatic aberration of the optical system applied in the SR interferometer limits the resolution of SR interferometer. We used objective lens of the SR interferometer by a focusing mirror. For the convenience of observation of the interferogram, we applied Herschelian arrangement of the optics. The measured vertical beam size was less than 5um and the estimated vertical emittance was 1x10-11m at the KEK-ATF damping ring.

TUPCH079	Characterisation of the MAX-II Electron Beam: Beam Size Measurements	synchrotron, electron, synchrotron-radiation, radiation	1193
	M. Sjöström, H. Tarawneh, E.J. Wallén MAX-lab, Lund
	Over the last year investigations of the MAX-II electron beam characteristics have been made. Examples of investigated parameters include the beam size, bunch length, vacuum and Touschek lifetimes, and the machine functions. Several upgrades of the MAX II ring have been performed since the commissioning 1995 like a new 100 MHz RF system with a 500 MHz Landau cavity, exchanged injector, and a variety of insertion devices. There is hence a need to systematically characterize the present machine. This systematic characterisation is now underway and this article describes details of the beam size measurements.

TUPCH097	Instrumentation and Operation of a Remote Operation Beam Diagnostics Lab at the Cornell Electron-positron Storage Ring	radiation, positron, electron, synchrotron	1238
	R. Holtzapple, J.S. Kern, P.J.S. Stonaha Alfred University, Alfred, New York B. Cerio Colgate University, Hamilton, New York M.A. Palmer Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
	Accelerator beam diagnostics are being modified at the Laboratory of Elementary Particle Physics (LEPP) at Cornell University for remote operation at nearby Alfred University. Presently, a streak camera used for longitudinal dynamics measurements on the Cornell Electron-Positron Storage Ring (CESR) is operational and measurements have been made from Alfred University [1]. In the near future, photomultiplier tube arrays for electron and positron vertical beam dynamics measurements will be remotely operated as well. In this paper, we describe instrumentation and operation of the remote beam diagnostics.

TUPCH106	Commissioning the SPEAR3 Diagnostic Beamlines	single-bunch, diagnostics, coupling, photon	1259
	W.J. Corbett, C. Limborg-Deprey, W.Y. Mok, A. Ringwall SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	SPEAR 3 has two diagnostic beam lines: an x-ray pinhole camera and a visible/UV laboratory. The pinhole camera images ~8 keV dipole radiation on a phosphor screen with a remote computer to capture digital profile images. The visible/UV beam line features an 8 mm high GlidCop 'cold finger' to remove the x-ray core of the beam. The remaining light is deflected horizontally onto an optical bench where it is focused via reflective (Cassegrain) or refractive optics. The visible beam is then split into branch lines for a variety of experimental applications. This paper describes the experimental arrangement, data processing algorithms and measurements obtained with both systems.

TUPCH110	Upgrade of Main RF Cavity in UVSOR-II Electron Storage Ring	electron, storage-ring, controls, vacuum	1268
	A. Mochihashi, K. Hayashi, M. Hosaka, M. Katoh, J. Yamazaki UVSOR, Okazaki H. Suzuki Toshiba, Yokohama Y. Takashima Nagoya University, Nagoya
	The UVSOR electron storage ring, which is dedicated to a synchrotron radiation (SR) light source especially for VUV and Soft X-ray, has been improved at the beginning of 2003, and transverse emittance in the improved ring (UVSOR-II)* has been decreased from 165nm-rad to 60 and/or 27nm-rad. Users runs have been performed since September 2003 with 60nm-rad mode, and since then high brilliant SR beams have been supplied routinely for users. The 27nm-rad mode, however, was difficult to introduce to daily operation initially because Touschek lifetime was insufficient in such small emittance condition. To improve the beam lifetime and make full use of the SR beams, we have built new main RF cavity. The aim of the improvement was to increase momentum acceptance by increasing RF accelerating voltage; the previous cavity generated the voltage of 55kV, whereas the new one can generate 150kV in maximum without changing RF frequency (90.1MHz) and transmitter (20kW in maximum). The new cavity has been installed in the UVSOR-II in spring of 2005, and high power commissioning went on smoothly. Because of the improvement, from spring 2005 the UVSOR-II has switched the daily users run to 27nm-rad. *M. Katoh et al., in this conference.

TUPCH171	Calculation, Measurement and Analysis of Vacuum Pressure Data and Related Bremsstrahlung Levels on Straight Sections of the ESRF	vacuum, ESRF, radiation, storage-ring	1417
	R. Kersevan, P. Berkvens, P. Colomp ESRF, Grenoble
	One of the major personal safety issues of modern synchrotron radiation (SR) light sources is the minimization of the exposure of beamline staff and users to high-energy bremsstrahlung (BS) radiation generated in the straight sections of the storage ring and entering the optics hutches of the beamlines. This is particularly important when insertion device (ID) narrow-gap chambers are installed, nowadays characterized by very low specific conductances. At the ESRF, this has led to the implementation of systematic measurements of BS levels and vacuum conditioning curves, in conjunction with the installation of non-evaporable getter (NEG)-coated ID chambers. A dedicated beamline is used to do on-axis measurements of the BS intensity during the initial conditioning period of newly installed NEG-coated ID chambers. This paper will show results of measurements and calculations performed throughout the years, and comment on the suitability from the radiation safety point of view of the installation of NEG-coated chambers in large numbers around the ring.

TUPLS006	Optics of a 1.5 TeV Injector for the LHC	LHC, dipole, injection, quadrupole	1496
	J.A. Johnstone Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	A concept is being developed to install a second ring above the LHC to accelerate protons from 450 GeV to 1.5 TeV prior to injection into the LHC. The arc and dispersion suppressor optics of the LHC would be replicated in the injector using combined function 'transmission line' magnets orginally proposed for the VLHC. To avoid costly civil construction, in the straight sections housing detectors at least, the injector and LHC must share beampipes and some magnets through the detector portion of the straights. Creating the appropriate optics for these injector-LHC transition regions is very challenging: In addition to matching to the nominal LHC lattice functions at these locations, the changes in altitude of 1.1 m between the injector and LHC must be accomplished achromatically to avoid emittance blowup when the beams are transferred to the LHC.

TUPLS010	New Beam Transport Line from LINAC to Photon Factory in KEK	linac, KEKB, injection, emittance	1505
	N. Iida, K. Furukawa, M. Ikeda, K. Kakihara, T. Kamitani, M. Kikuchi, Y. Kobayashi, T. Mitsuhashi, Y. Ogawa, M. Satoh, T. Suwada, M. Tawada, K. Yokoyama KEK, Ibaraki
	The e+/e^- injector LINAC in KEK usually injects into four rings which are Low Energy Ring (LER) of KEKB (3.5GeV/e+), High Energy Ring (HER) of KEKB(8.0GeV/e-), Photon Factory (PF)(2.5GeV/e-) and Advanced Ring for pulse x-rays (PF-AR)(3.0GeV/e-). While LINAC continuously injects into LER and HER alternately about every five minutes, both of the KEKB rings usually store almost full operating currents. Time for PF or PF-AR, which includes switching time, took about 20 minutes several times a day. During this, the storage currents in KEKB rings decreased, and the optimum points of luminosity tuning had been lost. It had taken more than two hours to recover the luminosity. It is so useful for KEKB to shorten the time for switch LINAC KEKB to/from PF or PF-AR. In summer of 2005, the transport line from LINAC to PF were renewed, in which a DC bending magnet only for PF line apportions electron beam from the end of LINAC to the new line. We succeeded to reduce the occupancy time for PF injection to about five minutes. In this paper design of the new PF beam transport line and the practical performance achieved according to the design are described.

TUPLS014	Optics Flexibility and Dispersion Matching at Injection into the LHC	injection, LHC, emittance, controls	1517
	A. Koschik, H. Burkhardt, B. Goddard, Y. Kadi, V. Kain, V. Mertens, T. Risselada CERN, Geneva
	The LHC requires very precise matching of transfer line and LHC optics to minimise emittance blow-up and tail repopulation at injection. The recent addition of a comprehensive transfer line collimation system to improve the protection against beam loss has created additional matching constraints and consumed a significant part of the flexibility contained in the initial optics design of the transfer lines. Optical errors, different injection configurations and possible future optics changes require however to preserve a certain tuning range. Here we present methods of tuning optics parameters at the injection point by using orbit correctors in the main ring, with the emphasis on dispersion matching. The benefit of alternative measures to enhance the flexibility is briefly discussed.

TUPLS019	Critical Halo Loss Locations in the LHC	LHC, injection, proton, insertion	1532
	G. Robert-Demolaize, R.W. Assmann, C.B. Bracco, S. Redaelli, Th. Weiler CERN, Geneva
	The requirements on cleaning efficiency in the LHC are two to three orders of magnitude beyond the needs at existing super-conducting colliders. The LHC will therefore operate in unknown territory, which can only be assessed by powerful simulation tools. Such tools have been developed at CERN over the last years, making it possible to perform detailed simulations of the LHC cleaning processes and multi-turn loss patterns around the LHC ring. The simulation includes all collimators, diluters and absorbers in the LHC. Proton loss maps are generated with a 10 cm resolution, which allows performing advanced studies for quenches of super-conducting magnets along with the analysis of the deposited energy in the machine elements. The critical locations of beam halo losses are discussed, both for the ideal machine and for various scenarios of closed-orbit distortion and beta-beating. From these results it can be shown that it is sufficient to use a limited number of BLM's for the setup and optimization of the LHC collimation system.

WEXFI03	Non-linear Collimation in Linear and Circular Colliders	collimation, sextupole, collider, betatron	1892
	A. Faus-Golfe IFIC, Valencia J. Resta-López, F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva
	We describe the concept on nonlinear collimation of beam halo in linear and circular colliders. In particular we present the application of such a concept in two different cases: the energy collimation system for CLIC at 3 TeV c.m. energy and a betatron collimation system for LHC at 14 TeV c.m. energy. For each case, the system properties, like chromatic bandwidth, collimator survival and cleaning efficiency, are evaluated and compared with those of the corresponding linear collimation system.
	Transparencies

WEPCH011	Optimisation of a New Lattice for the ESRF Storage Ring	resonance, quadrupole, lattice, ESRF	1942
	A. Ropert, L. Farvacque ESRF, Grenoble
	The installation of canted undulators in some of the straight sections of the ESRF storage ring is envisaged in the future. In order to free maximum space in the straight sections and minimise the reduction in length of the undulators, a new lattice, in which the straight section quadrupole triplets are replaced by doublets, is being studied. The paper describes the main features of the lattice and presents the experimental results achieved so far.

WEPCH012	Comparison of Betatron Function Measurement Methods and Consideration of Hysteresis Effects	betatron, quadrupole, storage-ring, injection	1945
	O. Kopitetzki, D. Schirmer, G. Schmidt, K. Wille DELTA, Dortmund
	Two methods for determining the betatron functions in a storage ring were used to survey the linear optics at Delta. The fast orbit response analysis is used to gain betatron functions at the beam position monitors (BPMs) and dipole correctors. These are compared to betatron functions measured by the tune scan method which gives the beta functions in the quadrupoles. To improve the accuracy of the betatron functions obtained by the tune scan method a measuring procedure is introduced which considers the hysteresis effects in the quadrupole magnets. Systematic deviations in the beta functions measured between the two methods have been observed. The calibration errors of the BPMs can explain the observed deviations. With the orbit response analysis also the betatron phase advances between the measurement points can be calculated. Because these do not depend on the calibration errors, unlike the betatron functions, the differences between measurement and model can be determined more precise. A comparison of both methods with the optics model will be presented.

WEPCH026	Recent Progress of Optics Measurement and Correction at KEKB	sextupole, KEKB, betatron, closed-orbit	1981
	A. Morita, H. Koiso, Y. Ohnishi, K. Oide KEK, Ibaraki
	We present the progress of the optics measurement and the correction scheme of the KEKB operation for example off-momentum beta correction.

WEPCH036	Design of Short Bunch Compressors for the International Linear Collider	emittance, linac, damping, acceleration	1999
	E.-S. Kim PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
	We present a two-stage bunch compressor system that was selected as alternative design in the ILC BCD (baseline configuration design). Initial beam with bunch length of 6 mm rms can be compressed to 150 micron rms in the bunch compressor, but the system uses a single chicane for each stage of compression, rather than the 12 chicanes used in the baseline design. We present the design scheme and performances of the system in detail, including scheme for emittance tuning in the system.

WEPCH043	On the Implementation of Experimental Solenoids in MAD-X and their Effect on Coupling in the LHC	LHC, coupling, quadrupole, injection	2011
	A. Koschik, H. Burkhardt, T. Risselada, F. Schmidt CERN, Geneva
	The betatron coupling introduced by the experimental solenoids in the LHC is small at injection and negligible at collision energy. We present a study of these effects and look at possible corrections. Additionally we report about the implementation of solenoids in the MAD-X program. A thin solenoid version is also made available for tracking purposes.

WEPCH045	Sorting Strategies for the Arc Quadrupoles of the LHC	LHC, quadrupole, resonance, simulation	2017
	Y. Papaphilippou, A.M. Lombardi CERN, Geneva
	The variation in the field gradient of the LHC arc quadrupoles can not be corrected independently by the dedicated trim quadrupole circuits. This may result to a beta function beating larger than the one accepted by the machine budget. In this respect, sorting strategies for the installation of these magnets were implemented in order to eliminate this effect, as locally as possible. Special care was taken for quadrupoles whose warm measurements showed large gradient errors due to an excessive magnetic permeability. The figures of merit used in the sorting and the results obtained for all 8 sectors of the LHC are detailed. The global optics function beating foreseen, as computed by both analytical estimates and simulations with MAD-X are finally presented.

WEPCH046	Design and Validation with Measurements of the LEIR Injection Line	ion, quadrupole, dipole, linac	2020
	F. Roncarolo, C. Carli, M. Chanel, L.D. Dumas, R. Scrivens CERN, Geneva
	The CERN Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) commissioning started in the year 2005. O⁴⁺ and Pb⁵⁴⁺ 4.2 MeV/nucleon ion beams are transferred from Linac 3 to LEIR through a low energy transfer line, for which the constraints and the resulting optics design are presented. First trajectory and dispersion measurements agreed only poorly with the theoretical model. Iterations of a refined optics model and further measurements improved the agreement between experimental observations and expectations. In particular, the effect of quadrupolar errors in the line dipole magnets is discussed.

WEPCH054	Matrix Formalism for Current-independent Optics Design	focusing, emittance, space-charge, cathode	2044
	C.-X. Wang, K.-J. Kim ANL, Argonne, Illinois
	Matrix formalism has been a powerful tool for beam optics designs. It not only facilitates computations but also plays an important role in formulating various design concepts. Here we extend the standard matrix formalism for the purpose of designing an optics that transports space-charge-dominated intense beam. Furthermore, we explore the concept of current-independent optics, which can be useful for systems such as high-brightness injectors and space-charge-dominated rings. Our discussion here is preliminary and limited to axisymmetric systems.

WEPCH055	A New Algorithm for the Correction of the Linear Coupling at TEVATRON	coupling, kicker, controls, quadrupole	2047
	Y. Alexahin, E. Gianfelice-Wendt Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	The Fourier analysis of TBT data provides valuable information about the machine linear and non-linear optics. The recent upgrade of the Beam Position Monitors system made it possible to exploit this technique also at Tevatron. A program for the measurement and correction of the linear coupling based on this approach has been integrated in the TEVATRON control system. With respect to the method based on the empirical adjustment of the strength of the skew quadrupoles, the new method has the advantage of being faster and of allowing the measurement of the coupling also during the acceleration. Moreover it offers also information about the sum coupling coefficient and about the location of the sources of coupling.

WEPCH057	Measurement and Optimization of the Lattice Functions in the Debuncher Ring at Fermilab	lattice, antiproton, kicker, injection	2050
	V.P. Nagaslaev, K. Gollwitzer, V.A. Lebedev, A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois V. Sajaev ANL, Argonne, Illinois
	A goal of the Tevatron Run-II upgrade requires substantial increase of antiproton production. The central step towards this goal is increasing the Debuncher ring admittance. Detailed understanding of the Debuncher's optics, aperture limitations and lattice functions is necessary. The method of the response matrix optimization has been used to determine quadrupole errors and corrections to the design functions. The measurement accuracy is about 5% due to the Beam Position Monitor system resolution and the small number of steering elements in the machine. We have used these accurate measurements to redesign the machine optics to maximize the acceptance of the Debuncher where the main limiting apertures are the stochastic cooling pickups and kickers. Accuracy of the measurements and the limitations are discussed as well as details of the optics modification.

WEPCH058	Progress with Collision Optics of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider	quadrupole, luminosity, resonance, lattice	2053
	A. Valishev, Y. Alexahin, G. Annala, V.A. Lebedev, V.P. Nagaslaev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois V. Sajaev ANL, Argonne, Illinois
	Recent advances in the measurement and modeling of the machine parameters and lattice functions at the Tevatron allowed modifications of the collision optics to be performed in order to increase the collider luminosity. As the result, beta functions in the two collision points were decreased from 35cm to 29cm which resulted in ~10% increase of the peak luminosity. In this report we describe the results of optics measurements and corrections. We also discuss planned improvements, including the new betatron tune working point and correction of the beta function chromaticity.

WEPCH062	Precision Measurement and Improvement of Optics for e+, e^- Storage Rings	coupling, lattice, quadrupole, betatron	2065
	Y.T. Yan, Y. Cai, W.S. Colocho, F.-J. Decker, J. Seeman, M.K. Sullivan, J.L. Turner, U. Wienands, M. Woodley, G. Yocky SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	Through horizontal and vertical excitations, we have been able to make a precision measurement of linear geometric optics parameters with a Model-Independent Analysis (MIA). We have also been able to build up a computer model that matches the real accelerator in linear geometric optics with an SVD-enhanced Least-square fitting process. Recently, with the addition of longitudinal excitation, we are able to build up a computer virtual machine that matches the real accelerators in linear optics including dispersion without additional fitting variables. With this optics-matched virtual machine, we are able to find solutions that make changes of many normal and skew quadrupoles for machine optics improvement. It has made major contributions to improve PEP-II optics and luminosity. Examples from application to PEP-II machines will be presented.

WEPCH092	Dynamical Aperture Studies for the CERN LHC: Comparison between Statistical Assignment of Magnetic Field Errors and Actual Measured Field Errors	LHC, quadrupole, simulation, dipole	2128
	M. Giovannozzi, S.D. Fartoukh, S.S. Gilardoni, J.-B. Jeanneret, A.M. Lombardi, Y. Papaphilippou, T. Risselada, R. de Maria CERN, Geneva
	It is customary to evaluate the performance of a circular particle accelerator by computing the dynamical aperture, i.e., the domain in phase space where bounded single-particle motion occurs. In the case of the LHC the dynamical aperture computation is performed by assuming a statistical distribution of the magnetic field errors of various magnets' classes: the numerical computations are repeated for a given set of realisations of the LHC ring. With the progress in the magnet production and allocation of the available positions in the ring, the statistical approach has to be replaced by the computation of one single configuration, namely the actual realisation of the machine. Comparisons between the two approaches are presented and discussed in details.

WEPCH100	Application of the Lie-transform Perturbation Theory for the Turn-by-turn Data Analysis	resonance, coupling, lattice, betatron	2146
	Y. Alexahin Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	Harmonic analysis of turn-by-turn BPM data is a rich source of information on linear and nonlinear optics in circular machines. In the present report the normal form approach first introduced by R. Bartolini and F. Schmidt is extended on the basis of the Lie-transform perturbation theory to provide direct relation between the sources of perturbation and observable spectra of betatron oscillations. The goal is to localize strong perturbing elements, find the resonance driving terms - both absolute value and phase - that are necessary for calculation of the required adjustments in correction magnet circuits: e.g. skew-quadrupoles for linear coupling correction. The theory is nonlinear and permits to analyze higher order effects, such as coupling contribution to beta-beating and nonlinear sum resonances.

WEPCH128	Virtual Accelerator as an Operation Tool at J-PARC 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS)	betatron, simulation, synchrotron, feedback	2224
	H. Harada, K. Shigaki Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima K. Furukawa KEK, Ibaraki H. Hotchi, F. Noda, H. Sako, H. Suzuki JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken S. Machida CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	We developed a virtual accelerator based on EPICS for 3 GeV Rapid-Cycle Synchrotron (RCS) in J-PARC. It is important to have an on-line model of optics parameters, such as tunes, Twiss parameters, dispersion function, at the commissioning stage in a high intensity proton machine. It gives a strong feedback for the RCS operation as a commissioning tool as well as for the studies of beam dynamics issues. Beam position monitors with finite resolutions, a transverse exciter to measure the betatron frequency, and a RF system with variable frequency to simulate off-momentum optics have been implemented into the system. The virtual accelerator system itself and some results of beam dynamics studies will be presented.

WEPCH148	Computing TRANSPORT/TURTLE Transfer Matrices from MARYLIE/MAD Lie Maps	beam-transport, accelerator-theory, CERN, LEFT	2272
	G.H. Gillespie G.H. Gillespie Associates, Inc., Del Mar, California
	Modern optics codes often utilize a Lie algebraic formulation of single particle dynamics. Lie algebra codes such as MARYLIE and MAD offer a number of advantages that makes them particularly suitable for certain applications, such as the study of higher order optics and for particle tracking. Many of the older more traditional optics codes use a matrix formulation of the equations of motion. Matrix codes such as TRANSPORT and TURTLE continue to find useful applications in many areas where the power of the Lie algebra approach is not necessary. Arguably the majority of practical optics applications can be addressed successfully with either Lie algebra or matrix codes, but it is often a tedious exercise to compare results from the two types of codes in any detail. Differences in the choice of dynamic variables, between Lie algebra and matrix codes, compounds the comparison difficulties already inherent in the different formulations of the equations of motion. This paper summarizes key relationships and methods that permit that direct numerical comparison of results from MARYLIE and MAD with those from TRANSPORT and TURTLE.

WEPCH149	PBO LAB (tm) Tools for Comparing MARYLIE/MAD Lie Maps and TRANSPORT/TURTLE Transfer Matrices	quadrupole, beam-transport, controls, simulation	2275
	G.H. Gillespie, W. Hill G.H. Gillespie Associates, Inc., Del Mar, California
	Particle optics codes frequently utilize either a Lie algebraic formulation or a matrix formulation of the equations of motion. Examples of codes utilizing the Lie algebra approach include MARYLIE and MAD, whereas TRANSPORT and TURTLE use the matrix formulation. Both types of codes have common application to many particle optics problems. However, it is often a very tedious exercise to compare results from the two types of codes in any great detail. As described in a companion paper in these proceedings, differences in the choice of phase space variables, as well as the inherent differences between the Lie algebraic and matrix formulations, make for unwieldy and complex relations between results from the two types of codes. Computational capabilities have been added to the PBO Lab software that automates the calculation of transfer matrices from Lie maps, and that converts phase space distributions between the different representations used by the codes considered here. Graphical and quantitative comparison tools have been developed for quick and easy visual comparisons of transfer maps and matrices.

WEPCH189	Design of the 20 MeV User Facilities of Proton Engineering Frontier Project	proton, quadrupole, survey, controls	2376
	K. R. Kim, Jae-Keun Kil. Kil, C.-Y. Lee, J.S. Lee, B.-S. Park KAERI, Daejon
	The user facilities of PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project) was designed. It is composed of two beamlines at the first stage and has possibility of expansion to five beamlines. One is low flux beamline for the technology developments in the fields of biological and space sciences and the other is high flux beamline for the utilization in the fields of nano and material sciences. The flux density is 1E+8~1E+10 protons/cm2-sec and 1E+10~1E+13 protons/cm2-sec each. The available energy range is 5~20MeV and the irradiation area is larger than 10cm in diameter with uniformity more than 90% for both. The specifications of these beamlines mentioned above were decided on the basis of result of user demand survey and operation experience of 45MeV proton beam test beamline installed at the MC-50 cyclotron of KIRAMS (Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science). The key components of these beamlines are bending magnets, magnetic quadrupole doublet or triplet, collimators, scanning magnets, target stage with water cooling system, degrader for energy control, scattering foils for flux control, etc. The beam optics was calculated using TRANSPORT and TRACE 3D simulation code.

WEPLS072	Results of Field Measurements for J-PARC Main Ring Magnets	quadrupole, sextupole, multipole, injection	2547
	K. Niki, K. Ishii, Y. Nemoto, E. Yanaoka KEK, Ibaraki M. Muto New Affiliation Request Pending, -TBS-
	The mass production of J-PARC main ring magnets had been completed till the end of fiscal year 2004. Those magnets consists of 97 bending magnets with 6-m in length, 216 quadrupole magnets with 11 families and 72 sextupole magnets. We have been measured the magnetic field for all of these magnets and we will finish it in March, 2006. The obtained distributions for the BL products of bending magnets and the GL products of quadrupole magnets are within the required tolerance limits, values of which are estimated by the beam optics for COD correction, etc. The measured multi-pole components for these magnets, and so on, will be also reported.

THOBFI02	Measurement of the Beam Profiles with the Improved Fresnel Zone Plate Monitor	damping, coupling, wiggler, emittance	2784
	H. Sakai, N. Nakamura ISSP/SRL, Chiba H. Hayano, T. Muto KEK, Ibaraki
	We present the recent progress of the FZP (Fresnel Zone Plate) beam profile monitor constructed at KEK-ATF damping ring. This monitor based on an X-ray imaging optics with two FZPs. In this monitor, the transverse electron beam image at bending magnet is twenty-times magnified by the two FZPs and detected on an X-ray CCD camera. Then the real-time and 2-dimentional transverse beam profiles can be obtained with non-destructive manner by using this monitor. The expected spatial resolution is less than 1 micro-meter. Recently, we install the new mechanical shutter to improve time resolution of the monitor and avoid the effects of the short-term movement of the beam or the monitor itself. By applying this shutter, the shutter opening time was reduced less than 1ms and the beam profile could be measured more accurately. In this paper, we report the new shutter performance and the measurement results of beam profiles by the improved FZP beam profile monitor. K. Iida, et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 506 (2003) 41-49.
	Transparencies

THPCH164	Progress and Status of the MICE Project	emittance, coupling, quadrupole, alignment	3176
	A.P. Blondel DPNC, Genève P. Drumm CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	The design of a Neutrino Factory (NF) has been the subject of several physics studies. For a NF based on a stored high energy muon beam, a potential key technology that has a significant impact on its cost and practicality is the ability to cool rapidly the muon beam prior to acceleration. The muon ionisation cooling experiment (MICE), currently being constructed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), is a demonstration of emittance cooling in a linear cooling channel. A new muon beam line and the basic infrastructure for MICE are funded, and a muon beam is under construction with an expected availability in spring 2007. The experiment will be methodically assembled over the following few years to bring the beam through RF accelerating cavities and liquid hydrogen absorbers and confined by a solenoidal magnetic field. The emittance of the beam before and after the cooling channel is measured in tracking spectrometers. The current status of the beam line and infrastructure build and of the components of MICE is presented.

THPLS017	Orbit Stability in the 'Low Alpha' Optics of the BESSY Light Source	storage-ring, insertion, insertion-device, synchrotron	3308
	R. Müller, J. Feikes, P. Kuske, G. Wuestefeld BESSY GmbH, Berlin
	Running the light source during dedicated shifts in the so-called 'low alpha' mode, BESSY serves two major user groups: THz experiments take advantage of intense, coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) generated by the short bunches. Time resolved experiments appreciate the very short, high intensity VUV and x-ray pulses in the ps range that help, e.g., prepare the high resolution, low intensity fs-slicing experiments. In the 'low alpha' mode, the sensitivity of the storage ring with respect to energy and horizontal orbit is increased by orders of magnitude while the user experiments require the same beam stability as in 'normal' mode. In this paper an overview of the operational conditions of this specific user mode, the stabilization measures taken, observations and available diagnostic results as well as the achievements and shortcomings of the adapted slow orbit feedback are given.

THPLS022	Radiation Dose Related to ANKA Operation Mode	radiation, storage-ring, emittance, injection	3323
	I. Birkel, MH. Hagelstein, E. Huttel, A.-S. Müller, P. Wesolowski FZK, Karlsruhe
	Radiation doses in the ANKA hall are measured by area monitoring and Albedo dosimeters. In August 2004 the machine optics was replaced by a new optics with reduced emittance and higher brightness. Measurements of the beam lifetime and the related radiation doses show a strong correlation between the operation mode of the machine and the dose distribution in the hall.

THPLS032	ELETTRA New Full Energy Injector High Level Software	controls, lattice, ELETTRA, insertion-device	3353
	C. Scafuri, F. Iazzourene ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	The control system for the new full energy injector* will be entirely based on Tango with an object oriented distributed architecture. The availability of the new and modern software platform led us to design and develop a new high level software framework which allows a model-based accelerator control. The new design is fully object oriented and follows a layered approach. The main layers provide a set of different views or abstractions of the underlying accelerator: field layer, machine layer, and optics layer. The field layer handles all the access and communications with the actual devices of the accelerator, e.g., power supplies, instrumentation, etc. The machine layer handles the machine layout description, functional constraints like the association of a string of magnets with one power supply, and the conversion from actual values acquired from the field into values meaningful to beam dynamics problems. The optics layer performs all the actual calculations concerning the beam like beta functions, damping times, etc. An important characteristic of the new library is the unified management of all the needed calibrations and configurations by means of a relational database. *“Elettra New Full Energy Injector Status Report”, these proceedings.

THPLS034	Top-up Operation of SPring-8 Storage Ring with Low Emittance Optics	injection, emittance, electron, brilliance	3359
	H. Tanaka, N. Kumagai, M. Masaki, S. Matsui, H. Ohkuma, T. Ohshima, M. Oishi, J. Schimizu, K. Soutome, S. Takano, M. Takao, H. Takebe, K. Tsumaki, H. Yonehara, T. Yorita, C. Zhang JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken
	We have succeeded in providing stable and three-times more brilliant x-ray to users by combining top-up operation with low emittance optics. The optics with the low emittance of 3nmrad was first applied to the user operation in November 2002. Although the low emittance provided the brilliant x-ray, the extremely short beam lifetime much disturbed the precise experiments. Moreover, the aborted electron beam damaged the part of vacuum chamber at the beam injection section. The low emittance operation was thus suspended in October 2003. By improving design of the vacuum chamber and introducing the top-up injection, the problems for the stable operation were resolved, and then the top-up operation with the low emittance optics has been first achieved at SPring-8. This paper illustrates how we achieved this sophisticated operation by explaining the following three essential investigations: (1) reduction of natural emittance for a storage ring with four magnet-free long straight sections, (2) protection of vacuum chamber from aborted electron beam, and (3) consistency to the top-up operation. The obtained performance is also described in the paper.

THPLS048	Beam-optics Analysis and Periodicity Restoration in the Storage Ring of the Pohang Light Source	storage-ring, quadrupole, dynamic-aperture, focusing	3395
	S.H. Shin, M. Yoon POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk E.-S. Kim PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
	The PLS is a third-generation synchrotron radiation source, which provides intense light from ultraviolet to soft x-rays. Similar to other light sources, the PLS is characterized by a small emittance in order to achieve a very high spectral brightness and stably circulating electron beam. To guarantee these characteristics, a thorough understanding of the linear optics has to be carried out, and many storage rings employ LOCO (Linear Optics from Closed Orbits) to analyse the linear optics. This paper will describe the LOCO implementation at PLS and the results.

THPLS083	Implementation of the Double-waist Chicane Optics in SPEAR 3	lattice, quadrupole, dipole, vacuum	3472
	W.J. Corbett, M. Cornacchia, T. Dao, D. Dell'Orco, D. Harrington, R.O. Hettel, X. Huang, Y. Nosochkov, T. Rabedeau, F.S. Rafael, H. Rarback, A. Ringwall, J.A. Safranek, B. Scott, J.J. Sebek, J. Tanabe, A. Terebilo, C. Wermelskirchen, M. Widmeyer SLAC, Menlo Park, California M. Yoon POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk
	The SPEAR 3 upgrade produced two new 7.6 m racetrack straight sections in the 18 cell, 234 m magnet lattice. One of these straights houses four PEP-II style mode-damped RF cavities. The other straight will accommodate two new small-gap insertion devices separated by 10mrad in a magnetic chicane configuration. A quadrupole triplet has been installed at the midpoint of the chicane and the vertical tune has been raised by an integer to create a 'double waist' optics with betay = 1.6m in the center of each ID. Furthermore, as part of the optics upgrade, betay in the four straights adjacent to the racetrack sections was reduced from 5m to 2.5m. In this paper, we describe the physical implementation of the double-waist chicane optics and initial operational results.

THPLS085	Nonlinear Dynamics in the SPEAR 3 Double-waist Chicane	dynamic-aperture, injection, insertion, SLAC	3475
	J.A. Safranek, X. Huang, A. Terebilo SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	A quadrupole triplet has been included in the center of a 7.6 m long chicane in SPEAR 3 to create a novel and technically challenging 'double waist' optics with betay=1.6m at the center of each of two future small-gap insertion devices. The new optics also reduces betay to 2.5m in the four adjacent 4.8m straight sections. In this paper, we discuss key issues associated with design of the machine optics, insertion device compatibility issues, optimization of dynamic aperture and initial measurements of machine performance in the new configuration.

THPLS091	Control of Dynamic Aperture with Insertion Devices	lattice, dynamic-aperture, quadrupole, sextupole	3490
	T.V. Shaftan, J. Bengtsson, S.L. Kramer BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	It is well known that insertion devices (IDs) perturb the linear optics in the vertical plane. In particular, that the effect can be corrected locally by a symmetric arrangement of four quadrupoles on each side of the IDs. We show how to control an arbitrary set of IDs in this configuration with the response matrix for the beta-beat and perturbation of the phase advance and SVD, i.e., to maintain the dynamic aperture. We also evaluate the residual impact on the dynamic aperture from the nonlinear terms and outline how to control these. As an example, we discuss an impact of some ID models on the NSLS-2 dynamic aperture. Results for a single ID and a set of 20 IDs with random field strengths are presented.

THPLS123	A Year's Experience with a Superconducting Undulator in the Storage Ring ANKA	undulator, emittance, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation	3571
	R. Rossmanith, S. Casalbuoni, MH. Hagelstein, B.K. Kostka, A.-S. Müller FZK, Karlsruhe T. Baumbach, A. Bernhard, D. Wollmann University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe R. Frahm, B. Griesebock, U. Haake BUW, Wuppertal F. Schoeck, E. Steffens, M. Weisser University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut II, Erlangen
	In ANKA the worldwide first superconducting undulator demonstrator designed for a storage ring was operated during the last year. The undulator has 100 periods and a period length of 14 mm. During the first year the heat transfer from the beam to the cold bore was investigated and the spectra and the electrical tunability together with a monochromator was measured. The results are so encouraging that plans exist to equip ANKA with two more undulators, one with the opportunity to double electrically the period length and one with electrically variable polarization direction.