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Paper Title Other Keywords Page
MOYAPA01 Laser-plasma Wakefield Acceleration: Concepts, Tests and Premises laser, electron, plasma, acceleration 10
 
  • V. Malka
    Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau
  • J. Faure
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  • Y. Glinec, A. Lifschitz
    LOA, Palaiseau
  The presentation will review all novel methods presently developed to reach high accelerating fields from the concepts, to simulations, feasibility demonstration in real tests and performances presently achieved. It will point out and compare their potential but also their technical challenges and possible limitations. It will also present the necessary R&D and the tests presently envisaged including schedule and milestones not only in terms of fields but also of beam quality preservation and power efficiency. Finally, possible future applications will be suggested.  
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MOZAPA02 Commissioning Highlights of the Spallation Neutron Source SNS, linac, proton, extraction 29
 
  • N. Holtkamp
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is a second generation pulsed neutron source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The SNS is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences and is dedicated to the study of the structure and dynamics of materials by neutron scattering. A collaboration composed of six national laboratories (ANL, BNL, TJNAF, LANL, LBNL, ORNL) is responsible for the design and construction of the various subsystems. With the official start in October 1998, the operation of the full facility has begun in late spring 2006 delivering a 1.0 GeV proton beam with a pulse length of approximately 700 nanoseconds on a liquid mercury target. Within the next two years a beam power of more than one MW should be achieved. The multi-lab collaboration provided a large variety of expertise in order to enhance the beam power delivered by the accelerator by almost an order of magnitude compared to existing neutron facilities. The SNS linac consists of a room temperature and superconducting (sc) structures and is the first pulsed high power sc linac in the world. The compressor ring and the target are the final subsystems that were commissioned during early 06.  
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MOPCH027 Metal Film Photocathodes for High Brightness Electron Injectors laser, cathode, gun, vacuum 104
 
  • G. Gatti, L. Cultrera, F. Tazzioli, C. Vicario
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • A. Fiori, S. Orlanducci
    Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma
  • J. Langner, M. S. Sadowski, P. Strzyzewski
    The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Centre Swierk, Swierk/Otwock
  • A. Perrone
    INFN-Lecce, Lecce
  • C. Ristoscu
    INFLPR, Bucharest - Magurele
  Advanced high brightness injectors require photocathodes with fast response,high quantum efficiency and good surface uniformity. Both Mg films deposited by laser ablation and Pb films deposited by vacuum arc could satisfy these requirements. Their emission and morphology are compared.  
 
MOPCH075 Internal Target Effects in the ESR Storage Ring with Cooling electron, simulation, ion, storage-ring 202
 
  • V. Gostishchev, K. Beckert, P. Beller, C. Dimopoulou, A. Dolinskii, F. Nolden, M. Steck
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • I.N. Meshkov, A.O. Sidorin, A.V. Smirnov, G.V. Trubnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  The accurate description of beam-target effects is important for the prediction of operation conditions in terms of high luminosity and beam quality in the FAIR facility at GSI. Numerical models have been developed to evaluate beam dynamics in ion storage rings, where strong cooling in combination with a dense target is applied. First systematic benchmarking experiments were carried out at the existing ESR storage ring at GSI. The influence of the internal target on the beam parameters is demonstrated. Comparison of experimental results with simple models describing the energy loss of the beam particles in the target as well as with more sophisticated simulations with the BETACOOL code will be given.  
 
MOPCH078 Simulation of Dynamic Vacuum Induced Beam Loss ion, vacuum, beam-losses, lattice 211
 
  • C. Omet, P.J. Spiller, J. Stadlmann
    GSI, Darmstadt
  In synchrotrons, operated with intermediate charge state, heavy ion beams, intensity dependent beam losses have been observed. The origin of these losses is the change in charge state of the beam ions at collisions with residual gas atoms or molecules. The resulting A/Z deviation from the reference beam ion leads to modified trajectories in dispersive elements, which finally results in beam loss. At the impact positions, secondary particles are produced by ion stimulated desorption and increase the vacuum pressure locally. In turn, this pressure rise will enhance the charge change- and particle loss process and finally cause significant beam loss within a very short time (a few turns). A program package has been developed, which links the described beam loss mechanisms to the residual gas status and determines the vacuum dynamics. Core of the program is an ion optics tracking routine, in which the atomic physics and vacuum effects are embedded.  
 
MOPCH083 Design Study for an Antiproton Polarizer Ring (APR) antiproton, APR, quadrupole, polarization 223
 
  • A. Garishvili, A. Lehrach, B. Lorentz, S.A. Martin, F. Rathmann
    FZJ, Jülich
  • P. Lenisa
    INFN-Ferrara, Ferrara
  • E. Steffens
    Erlangen University, Erlangen
  In the framework of the FAIR* project, the PAX collaboration has suggested a new experiments using polarized antiprotons**, in particular the study of the transverse spin structure of the proton. To polarize antiprotons the spin filtering method is proposed. The PAX collaboration is going to design the Antiproton Polarizer Ring (APR). In this contribution the design of this storage ring is described. The basic parameters of the APR are antiproton beam energy of 250 MeV and emittance in both planes of 250 pi mm mrad. The APR consists of two 180 degree arcs and two straight sections. One straight section houses the injection/extraction and the polarized internal target cell, in the other straight section, the electron cooler and a Siberian snake are located. Different optical conditions have to be fulfilled in the straight sections: (1) The target cell requires a beta function of less than 0.3 m. (2) The beam has to be circular and upright in the phase space ellipse at the target, the electron cooler, and the snake. (3) The antiproton beam should have a size of 10 mm for an emittance of 250 pi mm mrad. (4) The momentum dispersion has to be zero in both straight sections.

*Conceptual Design Report for an International Accelerator Facility for Research with Ions and Antiprotons, available from www.gsi.de/GSI-Future/cdr.**PAX Technical Proposal, available from www.fz-juelich.de/IKP/pax.

 
 
MOPCH084 From COSY to HESR COSY, electron, proton, antiproton 226
 
  • D. Prasuhn, J. Dietrich, A. Lehrach, B. Lorentz, R. Maier, H. Stockhorst
    FZJ, Jülich
  The High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) at the proposed Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) puts strong demands on quality and intensity of the stored antiproton beam in the presence of thick internal targets. The existing synchrotron and storage ring COSY in Juelich can be seen as a smaller model of the HESR. In this paper we will discuss possible benchmarking experiments at COSY, involving effects like beam cooling, target heating, intra-beam scattering, etc. The aim of these experiments is to support the design work for the HESR and ensure that the specified beam conditions can be achieved.  
 
MOPCH086 Stochastic Cooling for the HESR at the GSI-FAIR Complex antiproton, emittance, pick-up, kicker 231
 
  • H. Stockhorst, B. Lorentz, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn
    FZJ, Jülich
  • T. Katayama
    CNS, Saitama
  The High-Energy Storage Ring (HESR) of the future International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at the GSI in Darmstadt is planned as an anti-proton cooler ring in the momentum range from 1.5 to 15 GeV/c. An important and challenging feature of the new facility is the combi-nation of phase space cooled beams with internal targets. The required beam parameters and intensities are prepared in two operation modes: the high luminosity mode with beam intensities up to 1011 and the high reso-lution mode with 1010 anti-protons cooled down to a relative momentum spread of only a few 10-5. In addition to electron cooling, transverse and longitudinal stochastic cooling are envisaged to accomplish these goals. It is shown how the great benefit of the stochastic cooling system to adjust the cooling force in all phase planes independently is utilized to achieve the requested beam spot and the high momentum resolution at the internal target within reasonable cooling down times for both HESR modes even in the presence of intra-beam scattering. A numerical and analytical approach to the Fokker-Planck equation for longitudinal filter cooling has been carried out.  
 
MOPCH122 Realistic Beam Loss Estimation from the Nuclear Scattering at the RCS Charge-exchange Foil scattering, injection, beam-losses, simulation 333
 
  • P.K. Saha, H. Hotchi, Y. Irie, F. Noda
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
  • H. Harada
    Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima
  We have developed simulation tools for the realistic beam loss estimation at the RCS(rapid cycling synchrotron) of J-PARC(Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex). The present simulation concerns an accurate estimation of the beam loss caused by the nuclear scattering at the charge-exchange foil during the multi turn injection period. It can also figure out the loss point in the ring, so would become very useful for the maintenance and optimization as well. The simulation code GEANT together with the SAD(Strategic Accelerator Design) have been used for the present purpose. In this paper, detail simulation method including the result will be discussed.  
 
MOPCH129 Status of the SNS Beam Power Upgrade Project SNS, linac, emittance, kicker 345
 
  • S. Henderson, A.V. Aleksandrov, D.E. Anderson, S. Assadi, I.E. Campisi, F. Casagrande, M.S. Champion, R.I. Cutler, V.V. Danilov, G.W. Dodson, D.A. Everitt, J. Galambos, J.R. Haines, J.A. Holmes, N. Holtkamp, T. Hunter, D.-O. Jeon, S.-H. Kim, D.C. Lousteau, T.L. Mann, M.P. McCarthy, T. McManamy, G.R. Murdoch, M.A. Plum, B.R. Riemer, M.P. Stockli, D. Stout, R.F. Welton
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  The baseline Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator complex, consisting of an H- injector, a 1 GeV linear accelerator, an accumulator ring and associated transport lines, will provide a 1 GeV, 1.44 MW proton beam to a liquid mercury target for neutron production. Upgrades to the SNS accelerator and target systems to increase the beam power to at least 2 MW, with a design goal of 3 MW, are in the planning stages. The increased SNS beam power can be achieved primarily by increasing the peak H- ion source current from 38 mA to 59 mA, installing additional superconducting cryomodules to increase the final linac beam energy to 1.3 GeV, and modifying injection and extraction hardware in the ring to handle the increased beam energy. The mercury target power handling capability will be increased to 2 MW or greater by i) mitigating cavitation damage to the target container through improved materials/surface treatments, and introducing a fine dispersion of gas bubbles in the mercury, and ii) upgrading the proton beam window, inner reflector plug and moderators. The upgrade beam parameters will be presented and the required hardware modifications will be described.  
 
MOPCH130 Simulations for SNS Ring Commissioning RTBT, injection, quadrupole, extraction 348
 
  • J.A. Holmes, S.M. Cousineau, S. Henderson, M.A. Plum
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  In preparation for SNS ring commissioning, a number of operational issues have been studied using ORBIT Code simulations. These include beam injection without the use of time-dependent painting, beam accumulation and transport to the extraction dump and to the target, optimal painting schemes for various beam intensities, detailed tracking through the extraction septum with fully correct geometry, quadrupole current constraints in the ring-to-target transfer line (RTBT), and detailed modeling of H minus carbon foil stripping at injection. All these studies incorporated detailed physics including beam-foil interactions, symplectic single particle tracking, space charge and impedances, and losses due to apertures and collimation.  
 
MOPCH131 SNS Ring Commissioning Results extraction, injection, beam-losses, linac 351
 
  • M.A. Plum, A.V. Aleksandrov, S. Assadi, W. Blokland, I.E. Campisi, P. Chu, S.M. Cousineau, V.V. Danilov, C. Deibele, G.W. Dodson, J. Galambos, M. Giannella, S. Henderson, J.A. Holmes, D.-O. Jeon, S.-H. Kim, C.D. Long, T.A. Pelaia, T.J. Shea, A.P. Shishlo, Y. Zhang
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) comprises a 1.5-MW, 60-Hz, 1-GeV linac, an accumulator ring, associated beam lines, and a spallation neutron target. Construction began in 1999 and the project is on track to be completed in June 2006. By September 2005 the facility was commissioned up through the end of the superconducting linac, and in January 2006 commissioning began on the High Energy Beam Transport beam line, the accumulator ring, and the Ring to Target Beam Transport beam line up to the Extraction Beam Dump. In this paper we will discuss early results from ring commissioning including a comparison of achieved vs. design beam machine parameters and the maximum beam intensity achieved to date.  
 
MOPCH136 China Spallation Neutron Source Accelerators: Design, Research, and Development linac, injection, extraction, synchrotron 366
 
  • J. Wei
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • S.X. Fang, S. Fu
    IHEP Beijing, Beijing
  The Beijing Spallation Neutron Source (BSNS) is a newly approved high power accelerator project based on a H- linear accelerator and a rapid cycling synchrotron. During the past year, several major revisions were made to the design including the type of the front end, linac frequency, transport layout, ring lattice, and type of ring components. Possible upgrade paths were also laid out: based on an extension of the warm linac, the ring injection energy and the beam current could be raised doubling the beam power on target to reach 200 kW; an extension with a superconducting RF linac of similar length could raise the beam power near 0.5 MW. Based on these considerations, research and development activities are started. In this paper, we discuss the rationale of design revisions and summarize the recent work.  
 
MOPCH138 Choice of Proton Driver Parameters for a Neutrino Factory proton, factory, beam-loading, acceleration 372
 
  • W.-T. Weng, J.S. Berg, R.C. Fernow, J.C. Gallardo, H.G. Kirk, N. Simos
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • S.J. Brooks
    CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  A Neutrino Factory typically comprises the following subsystems: proton driver; target; muon collection and conditioning( bunching, phase rotation, and cooling); muon acceleration; and muon decay ring. It takes great effort to design each subsystem properly, such that it can mesh with all other subsystems to optimize the overall facility performance. This optimization is presently being studied as part of the International Scoping Study of a Future Neutrino Factory and Superbeam Facility. This paper will evaluate the implications of other subsystems on the parameters of a proton driver for a Neutrino Factory. At the desired power of 4 MW, the impacts of the choice of the proton energy, bunch length, bunch intensity, and repetition rate on other subsystems are assessed to identify a proper range of operation for each parameter. A suitable "design phase space" of proton driver parameters is defined. Given possible choices of design parameters for proton driver, we compare the performance of a linac, a synchrotron, and an FFAG accelerator. The relative merits of existing proton driver proposals will also be examined.  
 
MOPCH143 Electromechanical Characterization of Piezoelectric Actuators Subjected to a Variable Preloading Force at Cryogenic Temperature cryogenics, vacuum, simulation, linac 387
 
  • M. Fouaidy, N. Hammoudi, M.S. Saki, H. Saugnac, L. Simonet
    IPN, Orsay
  Piezoelectric actuators are actually used in Fast Active Cold Tuning Systems (FACTS) for SRF cavities. The characteristics, performances and lifetime of these actuators depend on the preloading force applied by the cavity and the FACTS to the piezostacks. Experimental data are needed for reliable and optimum operation of piezostacks in superconducting protons or electrons linacs. In the frame of the CARE project supported by EU, we designed and constructed a dedicated apparatus for studying the electromechanical behavior of prototype piezoelectric actuators subjected to variable preloading force at cryogenic temperatures. This device was successfully used for testing piezoelectric actuators prototypes for T in the range 2K-300K. The dielectric properties as well as dynamic properties were measured including the actuator characteristics when used as force sensor. The corresponding data are reported and discussed.  
 
MOPCH144 Low Temperature Properties of Piezoelectric Actuators Used in SRF Cavities Cold Tuning Systems radiation, TESLA, cyclotron, LHC 390
 
  • G. Martinet, S. Blivet, F. Chatelet, M. Fouaidy, N. Hammoudi, A. Olivier, H. Saugnac
    IPN, Orsay
  High accelerating gradients (10 MV/m for SNS, 33 MV/m for ILC) at which SRF cavities will be operated in pulsed machines induce frequency shift much higher than the resonator bandwidth. This so-called Lorentz detuning should be compensated dynamically by means of an active piezo-tuning system. In the frame of the CARE project activities supported by EU, IPN Orsay participates to the development of a fast cold tuning system based and piezoelectric technology for SRF cavities operating at temperature T=2K. The aim of this study is the full characterization of piezoelectric actuators at low temperature including dielectric properties (capacitance, impedance, dielectric losses), radiation hardness tests (fast neutron tolerance), mechanical measurements (maximum displacement, maximum stroke) and thermal properties (heating, heat capacity). Results obtained in the temperature range from 2K up to 300K will be presented and discussed.  
 
MOPCH166 Construction, Tuning and Assembly of the Beta=0.12 SC Ladder Resonator at LNL simulation, EURISOL, linac, TTF 451
 
  • G. Bisoffi, E. Bissiato, A. Palmieri
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  The Ladder resonator is a 4-gap full Nb cavity suitable for the 0.1< beta <0.2 range of high current proton linacs. A beta=0.12 Nb prototype of this cavity has been built by ZANON (Schio, Italy) on the basis of LNL design. In this paper we describe the construction procedure of such cavity, as well as the tuning steps, aimed at the achievement of the target frequency of 352.2 MHz and the desired field uniformity along the four gaps. Related results of RF simulations and room temperature tests are presented. The preparation of the SC test at LNL is at an advanced stage.  
 
MOPCH178 Tests on MgB2 for Application to SRF Cavities laser, SLAC, LANL, cryogenics 481
 
  • T. Tajima
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  • I.E. Campisi
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  • A. Canabal-Rey
    NMSU, Las Cruces, New Mexico
  • Y. Iwashita
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • B. Moeckly
    STI, Santa Barbara, California
  • C.D. Nantista, S.G. Tantawi
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • H.L. Phillips
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  • A.S. Romanenko
    Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
  • Y. Zhao
    University of Wollongong, Institute of Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Wollongong
  Magnesium diboride (MgB2) has a transition temperature (Tc) of ~40 K, i.e., about four times higher than niobium (Nb). The studies in the last three years have shown that it could have about one order of magnitude less RF surface resistance (Rs) than Nb and seems much less power dependent compared to high-Tc materials such as YBCO. In this paper we will present results on the dependence of Rs on surface magnetic fields and possibly the critical RF surface magnetic field.  
 
MOPLS015 Quality Control Techniques Applied to the Large Scale Production of Superconducting Dipole Magnets for LHC LHC, CERN, dipole, controls 568
 
  • F. Savary, M. Bajko, J. Beauquis, G. De Rijk, N. Emelianenko, P. Fessia, P. Hagen, J. Miles, L. Rossi, E. Todesco, J. Vlogaert, C. Vollinger, E.Y. Wildner
    CERN, Geneva
  The LHC accelerator, under construction at CERN, is characterized by the use on a large scale of high field superconducting dipoles: the 27-km ring requires 1232 15-m long dipole magnets designed for a peak field of 9 T. The coils are wound with Rutherford-type cable based on copper-stabilized Nb-Ti superconductors and will be operated at 1.9 K in pressurized superfluid helium. The challenge that had to be faced has been an efficient, cost-effective and reproducible mass production to very tight tolerances: the field quality must be better than 10-4 and the geometry of the cold bore tube and magnet controlled to 0.1 mm over the whole length, any deviation being liable to induce delays and significant cost increase. This paper presents the main methods and tools chosen to face successfully this challenge: some methods were foreseen in the technical specification, others were implemented based on the experience gained in several years of fabrication.  
 
MOPLS031 Beam Orbit Control System for the KEKB Crab Cavities feedback, controls, KEKB, damping 613
 
  • M. Masuzawa, Y. Funakoshi, T.T. Nakamura, J.-I. Odagiri
    KEK, Ibaraki
  KEKB is an electron-positron collider with an 8 GeV electron ring (HER) and a 3.5 GeV positron ring (LER). The two beams currently collide at one interaction point with a finite horizontal crossing angle of 11 mrad. The design luminosity of 10 /nb/sec was first reached in May 2003 and the peak luminosity exceeded 16 /nb/sec in December 2005. Simulations predict a luminosity boost if a crab crossing scheme is introduced. The installation of two superconducting crab cavities, one in each ring, is scheduled in March 2006 in order to implement the crab crossing scheme. For stable operation, the horizontal beam position in the crab cavity must be carefully controlled. This is needed to avoid loss of control of the crabbing mode field due to beam loading. A beam position feedback system at the crab cavity has been prepared and tested. Its performance will be discussed in this report.  
 
MOPLS073 Shower Simulations, Comparison of Fluka, Geant4 and EGS4 simulation, radiation, SLAC, electron 718
 
  • L. Fernandez-Hernando
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  • R.J. Barlow
    UMAN, Manchester
  • A. Bungau
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire
  • L. Keller
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • N.K. Watson
    CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  Computer simulations with different packages (Fluka, Geant4 and EGS4) were run in order to determine the energy deposition of an ILC bunch in a spoiler of specified geometry at various depths. The uncertainty in these predictions is estimated by comparison of their results. Various candidate spoiler designs (geometry, material) are studied. These shower simulations can be used as inputs to thermal and mechanical studies using programs such as ANSYS.  
 
MOPLS085 Experience with a Zero Impedance Vacuum Flange at He Super-Leak Temperature for the ILC vacuum, impedance, KEK, ion 753
 
  • H. Matsumoto, F. Furuta, I.H. Inoue, K. Saito, S.N. Sakamoto, K. Ueno
    KEK, Ibaraki
  Several tens of thousands of vacuum flanges will be used in the construction of the ILC. So the reliability and large scale reproducibility of these elements are important issue. To arrive at a standardized vacuum flange, a new design of a unisex flange has been developed. This important component has to serve in two roles at He-super-leak temperature; both as an rf seal and as a vacuum seal. We chose the unisex type with a 90-degree sharp edge forming the seal. The design is a modification of the DESY S-band rectangular waveguide flange. The variation in flatness between the flange and gasket along the inside wall is within 50 micrometer. This should present zero impedance for a bunched beam and for rf power. The He-super-leak performance was measured using the "build up method", i.e.the test was carried out for three hours at 2 degrees Kelvin. The measured He leak rate was below 1·10-13 Atm*cc/sec for a test flange after three successive tests. We describe the design concept and the operational experience at various rf frequencies. These span the frequency range corresponding to warm and cold accelerators.  
 
MOPLS105 Collimators for ILC undulator, positron, electron, radiation 807
 
  • A.A. Mikhailichenko
    Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
  We considered two types of collimators for usage in undulator conversion system of ILC. In the first, the Pyrolytic graphite is used and it is installed in front of a target; the second one uses InGa alloy in rotating cylinder. The last one installed in front of undulator. Collimators allow absorption single train on bunches in ILC and enhace the photon polarization.  
 
MOPLS106 Independent Operation of Electron/Positron Wings of ILC positron, kicker, electron, linac 810
 
  • A.A. Mikhailichenko
    Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
  We represent a concept of fast feedback system allowing independent operation of electron-positron wings of ILC.  
 
MOPLS108 Liquid Metal Target for ILC positron, undulator, single-bunch, electron 816
 
  • A.A. Mikhailichenko
    Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
  We considered the Hg target for gamma/positron conversion suitable for usage in ILC project. Positron scheme generation with undulator allows usage thin Hg jet confined in profiled duct with rectangular cross-section.  
 
MOPLS113 Commissioning of the ALTO 50 MeV Electron Linac linac, electron, ion, quadrupole 825
 
  • J. Lesrel, J. Arianer, M. Arianer, O. Bajeat, J-M. Buhour, H. Bzyl, F. Carrey, M. Chabot, J.-L. Coacolo, T. Corbin, H. Croizet, J.-M. Curaudeau, F. Doizon, M. Ducourtieux, J.-M. Dufour, S. Essabaa, D. Grialou, C. Joly, M. Kaminski, H. Lefort, B. Lesellier, G. Magneney, L. Mottet, Y. Ollivier, C. Planat, M. Raynaud, Y. Richard, A. Said, A. Semsoum, F. Taquin, C. Vogel
    IPN, Orsay
  • G. Bienvenu, J-N. Cayla, M. Desmons
    LAL, Orsay
  The ALTO 50 MeV electron linac is dedicated to the production of neutron-rich radioactive nuclei using the photo-fission process and the optimisation of the target-ion source system for SPIRAL 2 and Eurisol projects. A description of the accelerator consisting in 3 Mev injector (old test station of LAL), LIL accelerating structure, RF power plant, beam line, control system and diagnostics will be given. Specified and measured beam parameters will be compared to show the performance for the photo-fission and eventually other applications.  
 
MOPLS121 The DAFNE Beam Test Facility: from 1 to 10 Milliards of Particles electron, photon, linac, positron 846
 
  • G. Mazzitelli, B. Buonomo, L. Quintieri
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • P. Valente
    INFN-Roma, Roma
  The DAFNE Beam Test Facility is operating since 2002, providing electrons, positrons and photons from the single particle up to 1010 particleS per spill and from 20 to 750 MeV. During these years, the facility has hosted tens of high energy test and experiments coming from all Europe, operating in a wide spread of multiplicity and energy. Operation performance and parameters, tools and diagnostics, as well as the main results obtained, are presented.  
 
MOPLS128 Status of the Fatigue Studies of the CLIC Accelerating Structures CLIC, laser, CERN, radio-frequency 858
 
  • S.T. Heikkinen, S.T. Heikkinen
    HUT, Espoo
  • S. Calatroni, H. Neupert, W. Wuensch
    CERN, Geneva
  The need for high accelerating gradients for the future Compact Linear Collider imposes considerable constraints on the materials of the accelerating structures. The surfaces exposed to high pulsed RF currents are subjected to cyclic thermal stresses possibly resulting in surface break up by fatigue. Since no fatigue data exists in the literature up to very large numbers of cycles, a comprehensive study has been initiated. Low cycle fatigue data (up to 108 cycles) has been collected by means of a pulsed laser surface heating apparatus. The surface damage has been characterized by SEM observations and roughness measurements. High cycle fatigue data (up to 1011 cycles) at various stress ratios have been collected in high frequency bulk fatigue tests using an ultrasonic apparatus. It is found that the appearance of surface fatigue damage in the laser experiments, and of fatigue cracks in the bulk specimen, happen at similar stress levels for similar numbers of cycles. This allows the two experimental techniques to be connected and to predict the surface damage at a high number of cycles. Up-to-date fatigue data for selected high conductivity, high strength Cu alloys are presented.  
 
TUXPA01 Tevatron Operational Status and Possible Lessons for the LHC antiproton, optics, collider, proton 900
 
  • V.A. Lebedev
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  This talk will provide an overview of the Tevatron Run II luminosity progress and plans, including SC magnet measurements and modeling of field errors in view of the LHC operation, electron cooling progress and results, slip-stacking and optimized use of the injectors for antiproton production, and improvements in the antiproton source.  
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TUZAPA02 ISIS Upgrades – A Status Report synchrotron, proton, linac, rfq 935
 
  • D.J.S. Findlay, D.J. Adams, T.A. Broome, M.A. Clarke-Gayther, P. Drumm, D.C. Faircloth, I.S.K. Gardner, P. Gear, M.G. Glover, S. Hughes, H.J. Jones, M. Krendler, A.P. Letchford, E.J. McCarron, S.J. Payne, C.R. Prior, A. Seville, C.M. Warsop
    CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  Since 2002 several accelerator upgrades have been made to the ISIS spallation neutron source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK, and upgrades are currently continuing in the form of the Second Target Station Project. The paper reviews the upgrade programmes: a new extraction straight, replacement of the Cockcroft-Walton by an RFQ, installation of a second harmonic RF system, replacement and upgrading of installed equipment, design and installation of improved diagnostics in conjunction with beam dynamics simulations, the Second Target Station Project, design and construction of a front end test stand, and the MICE programme. The paper also looks forward to possible future schemes at ISIS beyond the Second Target Station Project.  
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TUXFI01 FFAG Accelerators and their Applications acceleration, proton, focusing, emittance 950
 
  • Y. Mori
    KURRI, Osaka
  This talk will give an introduction to the FFAG concept and review the present development of FFAG accelerators. It will also discuss the use of FFAGs for applications such as hadron therapy, neutron generation, BNCT, ADS, and muon acceleration.  
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TUOAFI02 Design of a Treatment Control System for a Proton Therapy Facility controls, proton, cyclotron, radiation 958
 
  • J.E. Katuin, J.C. Collins, C. Hagen, W. Manwaring, P. Zolnierczuk
    IUCF, Bloomington, Indiana
  The IUCF Proton Therapy System (PTS)is designed by Indiana University and operated by the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI) to deliver proton radiation treatment to patients with solid tumors or other diseases susceptible to radiation. PTS contains three Treatment Systems, each consisting of four subsystems: Beam Delivery, Dose Delivery, Patient Positioning and Treatments Control. These systems are implemented using different operating systems, control software, and hardware platforms. Therefore, IUCF developed an XML network communication protocol so that subsystems could issue commands to and receive feedback and status from other subsystems over a local area network (LAN). This protocol was also applied to the MPRI clinical database used to access patient treatment plans. The treatment control system was designed so that a single user interface could be used to deliver proton therapy. The use of the XML and the LAN allowed the software of the treatment control system to be designed such that the various systems are treated as objects with properties and methods. This approach not only simplified the overall design of the treatment control system, it also simplified the effort required for software validation, testing, and documentation.  
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TUPCH037 Development of Emittance Scanner Software for ISIS emittance, controls, ion-source, ion 1085
 
  • C.M. Thomas, D.C. Faircloth
    CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  Horizontal and vertical Faraday cup and slit scanners are used on ISIS, the 800MeV pulsed neutron source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, to calculate the emittance of the beam. Software has been written in C++ to control the scanners, acquire and display beam data and compute an emittance value for the beam. The software allows the user more control, and has the ability to scan over a wider range, than was previously available.  
 
TUPCH054 Upgrade of Signal Processing of the BPM System at the SPring-8 Storage Ring pick-up, storage-ring, synchrotron, acceleration 1130
 
  • T. Fujita, S. Sasaki, M. Shoji, T. Takashima
    JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken
  SPring-8 is a third generation synchrotron light source, which is operated stably with top-up mode and with optics of low emittance mode. Along with stabilization of electron beam orbit in the ring, upgrading of the BPM system has also been required. We have developed a new signal processing circuit for COD measurement with a target of a few microns of position resolution at 1 kHz band-width and a few hundreds per second to take beam position of all BPMs. In the new circuit, a multiplexing method is employed and the IF frequency is directory detected with a 2MSPS 16-bit ADC. The digitized signal is processed with DSP to obtain beam position. Analog components of the circuit are equipped in a temperature controlled cabinet in order not to be affected by fluctuation of ambient temperature. In this paper we report schematics and performance of the new circuit, e.g., dependence of position resolution on measurement band-width and long time stability, etc. In addition, we briefly describe possibility of fast orbit measurement as a further application of the circuit.  
 
TUPCH084 Expected Signal for the TBID and the Ionization Chambers Downstream of the CNGS Target Station proton, secondary-beams, LEFT, instrumentation 1208
 
  • L. Sarchiapone, A. Ferrari, E. Gschwendtner, M. Lorenzo Sentis
    CERN, Geneva
  Downstream the carbon graphite target of the CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) facility at CERN it has been decided to install a secondary emission monitor called TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream) monitor to measure the multiplicities and the left/right as well as up/down asymmetries of secondary particles from target. Calculations show that the titanium windows used to close off the TBID vacuum tank might not withstand the highest beam intensities with small spot sizes expected at CNGS, in case the proton beam accidentally misses the 4-5 mm diameter target rods. Therefore it has been suggested to place two ionisation chambers as a backup for the TBID located left and right of the TBID monitors. Monte Carlo simulations with the particle transport code FLUKA were performed firstly to obtain the fluence of charged particles in the region of interest and secondly to estimate the induced radioactivity (noise) in this area. This allows to assess the actual signal/noise situation and thus to determine the optimal position (lateral displacement with respect to the beamline) of the ionisation chambers. This document presents the results of these calculations.  
 
TUPCH096 High-intensity Bremsstrahlung Monitoring System for Photonuclear Technologies electron, photon, radiation, simulation 1235
 
  • V.L. Uvarov, S.P. Karasyov, V.I. Nikiforov, R.I. Pomatsalyuk, V.A. Shevchenko, I.N. Shlyakhov, A.Eh. Tenishev, Yu.V. Zhebrovsky
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  The realization of promising photonuclear technologies (a soft technology for medical isotope production, radioactive waste handling, activation analysis, etc) calls for the sources of high-energy (Egamma>10MeV) and high-intensity (>=10E03W/cm2) photons. These sources may by obtained by converting a beam from a high-current electron Linac into bremsstrahlung. The method of combined activation of a set of foils that have different energy thresholds of the (gamma,n) reactions is proposed to determine the space-energy characteristics of such radiation. In each energy range the geometrical characteristics of the bremsstrahlung flux are reconstructed from the foil surface gamma-activity distribution. The last one is determined through one-dimensional scanning of the foils by a specially designed detecting head that includes a linear matrix of 16 collimated semiconductor detectors (CdZnTe; 2x2x2,mm). A preliminary analysis of the system geometry and applicability of the method was performed by computer simulation based on the PENELOPE software. A developed PC based measuring system with CAMAC interface is described.  
 
TUPCH145 The MUCOOL RF Program RF-structure, linac, instrumentation, controls 1358
 
  • J. Norem
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois
  • A. Bross, A. Moretti, B. Norris, Z. Qian
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • D. Li, S.P. Virostek, M.S. Zisman
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • R.A. Rimmer
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  • R. Sandstrom
    DPNC, Genève
  • Y. Torun
    IIT, Chicago, Illinois
  Efficient muon cooling requires high RF gradients in the presence of high (~3T) solenoidal fields. The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) also requires that the x-ray production from these cavities is low, in order to minimize backgrounds in the particle detectors that must be located near the cavities. These cavities require thin Be windows to ensure the highest fields on the beam axis. In order to develop these cavities, the MUCOOL RF Program was started about 6 years ago. Initial measurements were made on a six-cell cavity and a single-cell pillbox, both operating at 805 MHz. We have now begun measurements of a 201 MHz pillbox cavity. This program has led to new techniques to look at dark currents, a new model for breakdown and a general model of cavity performance based on surface damage. The experimental program includes studies of thin Be windows, conditioning, dark current production from different materials, magnetic-field effects and breakdown. We will present results from measurements at both 805 and 201 MHz.  
 
TUPCH149 Design of a 10 MHz Heavy Ion RFQ for a RIA Post Accelerator rfq, ion, heavy-ion, superconductivity 1370
 
  • S.O. Schriber, V. Andreev
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan
  Design of a 10 MHz heavy ion RFQ for the RIA post accelerator is described. Main rf and mechanical parameters of the proposed accelerator are given. This 10 MHz RFQ is capable of accelerating beams from an initial energy of 2 keV/u to 8 keV/u covering a charge to mass ratio from 1/10 to 1/240.  
 
TUPCH152 MICE RF Test Stand factory, power-supply, controls, emittance 1379
 
  • P.A. Corlett, A.J. Moss, J.F. Orrett
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) RF test stand is being assembled at Daresbury Laboratory. This will provide a test bed for power amplifiers to produce the 2MW 200MHz RF for the MICE experiment RF cavities. Initial design and proposed layout of the RF system are described.  
 
TUPCH173 Understanding of Ion Induced Desorption Using the ERDA Technique ion, vacuum, GSI, beam-losses 1423
 
  • M. Bender, H. Kollmus
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • W.A. Assmann
    LMU, München
  In heavy ion synchrotrons like SIS18 at GSI high energetic ions can impact on the beam pipe and release gas molecules. This so called "ion induced desorption" deteriorates the accelerator vacuum and as a consequence the beam life time and luminosity. To minimize the pressure increase it is necessary to understand the physics of ion induced desorption. The elastic recoil ion detection analysis (ERDA) can give a time resolved element specific depth profile of a probe under ion bombardment. A UHV-ERDA setup has been installed at GSI to investigate correlations between desorption and material properties as well as its dose dependant evolution. Recent experiments have shown the influence of the surface state of a sample such as the oxide layer on steel as well as the importance of a high-purity bulk such as in silicon and OFHC copper. We will present the results of gold coated copper in comparison to stainless steel as applicable materials for accelerators.  
 
TUPLS028 An Irradiation System for Carbon Stripper Foils with 750 keV H- Beams ion, ion-source, KEK, linac 1550
 
  • A. Takagi, Y. Arakida, Z. Igarashi, K.I. Ikegami, C. Kubota, I. Sugai, Y. Takeda
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • S. Dairaku, N. Saito, A. Sato, K. Senzaki
    Kyoto University, Kyoto
  • Y. Irie
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
  Carbon stripper foils of around 300 ug/cm2 will be used as a stripping of H-ion beam of the 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron in the J-PARC. The foil should have a long lifetime with mechanically strong against high temperature of 1800K due to high-energy deposition by high intensity H-ion and circulating bunched proton beam irradiations. For this purpose, we have installed a new irradiation system using high intensity pulsed and dc H-beams of the KEK 750keV Cocksfoot-Walton accelerator. By adjusting the peak intensity and the pulse length of the hydrogen beams appropriately, the energy deposition becomes equivalent to that exerted by the incoming H- and the circulating beams at the injection process of the RCS. The new irradiation system and some preliminary results of the carbon stripper foil will be reported.  
 
TUPLS034 UNILAC Upgrade Programme for the Heavy Element Research at GSI-SHIP ion, linac, rfq, ion-source 1565
 
  • W. Barth, L.A. Dahl, S. Hofmann, K. Tinschert
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  In the field of heavy-element research using the velocity separator SHIP significant achievements were made at GSI during the last 30 years. The experiences obtained of experiments clearly show that superheavy-element research was always based on efforts to extend the limits of technical possibilities - of these the increase of beam intensity is one of the major contributions. This paper provides for technical information on the already planned upgrades of the present facility, which results in a significant overall increase of the experimental sensitivity. It is foreseen to investigate and to build a sc 28 GHz-ECR ion source, which should increase the primary beam intensities. The beam coming from the new ECR source will be delivered to the GSI-High Charge State Injector by a second LEBT-system. An upgrade program for the rf-amplifiers and the rf-structures is intended to increase the duty factor from 30 % to 50 %. Besides the ECR-source a new RFQ accelerator and the IH structure may alternatively serve as an injector for an new advanced stand alone accelerator providing for 100 % duty factor. Two different linac-layouts will be discussed.  
 
TUPLS061 Design of a Low Energy Electron Cooler for the Heidelberg CSR electron, ion, CSR, dipole 1630
 
  • H. Fadil, M. Grieser, D. Orlov, A. Wolf
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  The electrostatic Cryogenic Storage Ring (CSR) is currently being designed at MPI-K in Heidelberg. This ring will utilize electrostatic deflectors and focusing elements, and will store ions with kinetic energies in the range 20~300 keV (E/Q) to be mainly utilized in atomic and molecular physics experiments. The CSR will be equipped with a compact magnetic electron cooler, which will serve the double purpose of phase space compression of the stored ion beam as well as an electron target for recombination experiments. The cryogenic photocathode source, developed for the Heidelberg TSR, will be used to provide extremely cold magnetically guided electron beams. The maximum cooling electron energy is 165 eV and the usual operation energy for 20 keV protons will be about 10 eV. The cooler will fit in the 2.8 m straight section of the ring. The device will be installed inside the outer vacuum chamber of the CSR, and the magnetic confinement of the electrons will be provided with high temperature superconducting coils. The design of the magnets of the CSR electron cooler will be presented in this paper.  
 
TUPLS066 Peculiarities of Electron Cooler Operation and Construction at Ultra Low Energy in an Electrostatic Ring electron, cathode, ion, KEK 1645
 
  • E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  Few projects of electrostatic rings with electron cooler are discussed now. Electron cooling at low electron energy of 10 eV was realized at the KEK electrostatic ring. The electron cooling permits to suppress the ion multi scattering on residual gas atoms and allows increasing the ion lifetime. Peculiarities of an electron cooler operation and construction at ultra low energy in an electrostatic ring are considered. The cooler gun operation regime is cardinally changed at a reduction of the electron energy to a value comparable with a cathode work function. A virtual cathode and ohmic resistance of cathode emitter give an input in beam formation at ultra low energy. Effective electron cooling of heavy atomic and bimolecular ions at mass of 100-1000 is reached at a small photocathode diameter of 1 mm and a high magnetic expansion factor of 10-1000. The electron cooler construction has traditional design in KEK electrostatic ring. The cooler construction can be simplified at a small circumference of electrostatic ring. Straight cooler schemes without toroidal magnets permit to reduce ring space required for electron cooler.  
 
TUPLS067 Status of the HESR Electron Cooler Design Work electron, antiproton, gun, collider 1648
 
  • D. Reistad, T. Bergmark, O. Byström, B. Gålnander, S. Johnson, T. Johnson, T. Lofnes, G. Norman, T. Peterson, K. Rathsman, L. Westerberg
    TSL, Uppsala
  • H. Danared
    MSL, Stockholm
  The electron energy of the HESR electron cooler shall be variable from 450 keV to 4.5 MeV. Furthermore, the design shall not exclude a further upgrade to 8 MeV. Operation of the HESR in a collider mode, which requires electron cooling of both protons and antiprotons traveling in opposite directions, is an interesting option. The status of the technical design of the HESR electron cooling system will be presented.  
 
TUPLS077 Development of FFAG-ERIT Ring proton, storage-ring, emittance, simulation 1675
 
  • K. Okabe, M. Muto
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • Y. Mori
    KURRI, Osaka
  An intense neutron source with the emittance recovery internal target (ERIT) using the FFAG accelerator is under development. The design of the FFAG storage ring for this purpose will be presented.  
 
TUPLS080 The Proposed 2 MeV Electron Cooler for COSY-Juelich electron, COSY, acceleration, gun 1684
 
  • J. Dietrich
    FZJ, Jülich
  • V.V. Parkhomchuk
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  The design, construction and installation of a 2 MeV electron cooling system for COSY-Juelich is proposed to further boost the luminosity even with strong heating effects of high-density internal targets. In addition the design of the 2 MeV electron cooler for COSY is intended to test some new features of the high energy electron cooler for HESR at FAIR/GSI. The design of the 2 MeV electron cooler will be accomplished in cooperation with the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, Russia. Starting with the boundary conditions of the existing electron cooler at COSY the requirements and a first general scheme of the 2 MeV electron cooler are described.  
 
TUPLS082 The Frankfurt Neutron Source at the Stern-Gerlach-Zentrum (FRANZ) linac, proton, GSI, space-charge 1690
 
  • L.P. Chau, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp, K. Volk
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  • M. Heil
    FZ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe
  About 40ns long proton pulses with an energy of 120keV and currents of up to 200mA will be produced at the 150kV high current injector with a rep.rate of up to 250kHz. The main acceleration will be done by a 175MHz-RFQ. After this section the proton bunches will have an energy of about 1.7MeV. A 4-gap cavity will allow for an energy increase up to 2.2MeV.In order to get 1ns short pulses at the Li-7-Target we propose a buncher-system of the Mobley-Type*, whereby periodic deflection at one focus of a dipole-magnet guides the bunche train from the linac on different paths to the other focus, where the n-production traget is located in the time focus.By 7Li(p,n)B·107 reactions low-energy neutron bunches will be produced with an averaged integrated flux-density of 4*107/(cm2 s) at a distance of 0.4m. The upper limit for the neutron spectra will be 500keV. The main challange with respect to this buncher is the strong space charge action, which has to be treated by careful particle simulations. FRANZ is among other duties well suited for (n,gamma)-cross-sectional measurements with astrophysical relevance**/***. It is characterised by high n-intensities and by its pulse-structure.

*Phys. Rev. 88(2), 360-361 (1951). **Phys. Rev. C 71, 025803 (2005).***Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 092504 (2005).

 
 
TUPLS093 AG Acceleration using DPIS ion, laser, rfq, plasma 1720
 
  • T. Kanesue, K. Ishibashi
    Kyushu University, Hakozaki
  • A. Kondrashev
    ITEP, Moscow
  • M. Okamura
    RIKEN, Saitama
  • K. Sakakibara
    RLNR, Tokyo
  We are investigating high current and high repetition rate ion production methods for various heavy ions which can be utilized for an injector of an FFAG accelerator. Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS) is one of the candidates of the ion production methods and to confirm the capability of the DPIS, we are now preparing for accelerating high intensity Ag15+ ions. The DPIS uses a combination of Laser Ion Source (LIS) and RFQ linac. The plasma goes into the linac directly without transportation line and the ions are extracted at RFQ entrance. To determine the specifications of new RFQ electrodes, the plasma properties were measured. With the Nd-glass laser (3 J / 30 ns), we could not obtain high charge state ions. A new Nd-YAG laser (2.3 J / 6 ns) enabled us to observe many high charged ions and the most produced ions were Ag15+. We completed the plasma distribution measurements. Based on these results, we designed the new RFQ, which will accommodate Q / M = 1 / 8 particles, supposing Ag+15.  
 
TUPLS097 Application of DPIS to IH Linac plasma, linac, laser, ion 1729
 
  • J. Tamura, J. Hasegawa, T. Hattori, N. Hayashizaki, T. Ishibashi, T. Ito
    Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo
  • A. Kondrashev
    ITEP, Moscow
  • M. Okamura
    RIKEN, Saitama
  We are now designing a Laser Ion Source (LIS), which will be operated with an Inter-digital H (IH) structure linac using the Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS). The DPIS has been applied to RFQ linacs and has successfully achieved very high current with simple structure. The IH structure linac was designed to accept 40 keV proton beam which could be produced by the DPIS. The combination of the DPIS and IH structure linac will realize quite compact accelerator complex with intense proton beam. The detailed design study of a plasma production chamber with a cryogenic cooler is investigated.  
 
TUPLS100 Generation of Highly Charged Ions Using ND-glass Laser ion, laser, plasma, vacuum 1735
 
  • A. Kondrashev
    ITEP, Moscow
  • T. Kanesue
    Kyushu University, Fukuoka
  • M. Okamura
    RIKEN, Saitama
  • K. Sakakibara
    RLNR, Tokyo
  The parameters of ions (charge state distributions, currents and pulse durations) were measured in laser plasma generated by 3 J/30 ns Nd-glass laser for wide range of elements from 12C to 181Ta and for different laser power densities at the target surface. It is shown that such a laser can effectively generate highly charged ions for elements from 12C to 56Fe. Registered ion charge states significantly drops for heavier elements because of recombination losses of highly charged ions during laser produced plasma expansion into vacuum. Absolute currents and numbers of ions with different charge states were obtained by normalization of charge state distributions summary on total ion currents measured by Faraday cup for 1011 W/cm2 and 1012 W/cm2 laser power densities at the target surface. The results obtained are very useful for Laser Ion Source (LIS) development, in particular, for Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS) study*.

*M. Okamura et al. Laser and Particle Beams, 20, 2002, pp. 451 - 454.

 
 
TUPLS117 Beam Transport Lines for the CSNS linac, RTBT, beam-transport, beam-losses 1780
 
  • J. Tang, G.H. Wei, C. Zhang
    IHEP Beijing, Beijing
  • J. Wei
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  This paper presents the design of two beam transport lines at the CSNS: one is the injection line from the linac to the RCS and the other is the target line from the RCS to the target station. In the injection beam line, space charge effects, transverse halo collimation, momentum tail collimation and debunching are the main concerned topics. A new method of using triplet cells and stripping foils is used to collimate transverse halo. A long straight section is reserved for the future upgrading linac and debuncher. In the target beam line, large halo emittance, beam stability at the target due to kicker failures and beam jitters, shielding of back-scattering neutrons from the target are main concerned topics. Special bi-gap magnets will be used to reduce beam losses in the collimators in front of the target.  
 
TUPLS126 Interaction of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Beam with Carbon Collimators LHC, proton, simulation, heavy-ion 1798
 
  • N.A. Tahir, D. Hoffmann
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • Y. Kadi, R. Schmidt
    CERN, Geneva
  • R. Piriz
    Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real
  • A. Shutov
    IPCP, Chernogolovka, Moscow region
  The LHC will operate at 7 TeV with a luminosity of 1034 cm-2s-1. Each beam will have 2808 bunches, with nominal intensity per bunch of 1.1x1011 protons. The energy stored in each beam of 362 MJ. In a previous paper the mechanisms causing equipment damage in case of a failure of the machine protection system was discussed, assuming that the entire beam is deflected into a copper target. Another failure scenario is the deflection of beam into carbon material. Carbon collimators and beam absorbers are installed in many locations around the LHC to diffuse or absorb beam losses. Since their jaws are close to the beam, it is very likely that they are hit first when the beam is accidentally deflected. Here we present the results of two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the heating of a solid carbon cylinder irradiated by the LHC beam with nominal parameters, carried out using the BIG-2 computer code* while the energy loss of the 7 TeV protons in carbon is calculated using the well known FLUKA code**. Our calculations suggest that the LHC beam may penetrate up to 10 m in solid carbon, resulting in a substantial damage of collimators and beam absorbers.

*V. E. Fortov et al. Nucl. Sci. Eng. 123 (1996) 169. **A. Fasso et al. The physics models of FLUKA: status and recent development, CHEP 2003, La Jolla, California, 2003.

 
 
TUPLS128 A New Analytical Method to Evaluate Transient Thermal Stresses in Cylindrical Rods Hit by Proton Beams proton, CERN, simulation, LHC 1804
 
  • A. Dallocchio, A. Bertarelli, T. Kurtyka
    CERN, Geneva
  This paper presents an analytical solution for the thermo-mechanical problem of CNGS target rods rapidly heated by fast extracted high energy proton beams. The method allows the computation of the dynamic transient elastic stresses induced by a proton beam hitting off-axis the target. The studies of such dynamic thermo-mechanical problems are usually made via numerical methods. However, an analytical approach is also needed to quickly provide reference solutions for the numerical results. An exact solution for the temperature field is first obtained, using Fourier-Bessel series expansion. Quasi-static thermal stresses are then computed as a function of the calculated temperature distribution, making use of the thermoelastic displacement potential for the equivalent isothermal two-dimensional stress problem. Finally, the contribution of dynamic stresses due to longitudinal and bending stress waves is determined by means of the modal summation method. This method can be effectively applied to any solid having cylindrical shape, made out of isotropic elastic material.  
 
TUPLS129 EURISOL 100 kW Target Stations Operation and Implications for its Proton Driver Beam proton, EURISOL, SNS, ion 1807
 
  • E. Noah, F. Gerigk, J. Lettry, M. Lindroos, T. Stora
    CERN, Geneva
  Targets for the next generation radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities (RIA, EURISOL) will be subjected to energy deposition levels that call for a specific design of the target and ion source assembly to dissipate the deposited heat and to extract and ionize isotopes of interest efficiently. EURISOL, the next generation European RIB facility, plans to operate four target stations in parallel, three 100 kW direct targets and one 5 MW spallation neutron source with a GeV proton linac driver. The nature of the beam sharing has yet to be defined because in practice it will have a direct impact on target design, operation and lifetime. Splitting the beam in time implies that each target would be subjected to a pulsed beam, whose pulse width and repetition cycle have to be optimized in view of the RIB production. The 100 kW targets are expected to have a goal lifetime of three weeks. Target operation from the moment it is installed on a target station until its exhaustion involves several phases during which the incident proton beam intensity will vary. This paper discusses challenges for high power targetry at EURISOL, with an emphasis on requirements for the proton linac parameters.  
 
TUPLS132 Estimation of the Energy Deposited on the CNGS Magnetic Horn and Reflector shielding, focusing, secondary-beams, simulation 1813
 
  • L. Sarchiapone, A. Ferrari, M. Lorenzo Sentis
    CERN, Geneva
  In the CNGS installation two magnetic lenses, namely the horn and the reflector, focus the secondary beam generated in the target station. The gap between the horn and reflector is chosen to optimize a wide-band high-energy muon-neutrino beam. These two focusing elements are two coaxial lenses similar in length but different in shape: the outer conductor has a cylindrical shape whereas the inner conductor consists of a sequence of conical shapes to optimize the focusing capacity. The evaluation of the heat load on the support structures is crucial since modifications in the elements around the horn and reflector are under way and the support structures can be adapted to the heat load found. Furthermore, the heat load in the whole horn area has been evaluated to optimize the cooling-ventilation system. The FLUKA geometry input of the horn and reflector electrical connections has been notably improved in order to accommodate the detailed striplines design to the thermal expansion. The energy deposited on the horn and reflector as well as on their adjacent elements has been estimated using the FLUKA Monte Carlo package and results are presented in this document.  
 
TUPLS133 Material Irradiation Damage Studies for High Power Accelerators proton, BNL, AGS, controls 1816
 
  • N. Simos, H.G. Kirk, H. Ludewig, L.F. Mausner, J.G. O Conor
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • S. Makimura, K. Yoshimura
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • K.T. McDonald
    PU, Princeton, New Jersey
  • L.P. Trung
    Stony Brook University, Stony Brook
  High-performance targets intercepting multi MW proton beams are the key toward intense muon or neutrino beams. To achieve this goal one must push the envelope of the current knowledge on material science and material endurance and survivability to both short and long proton beam exposure. The demand imposed on the targets of high power accelerators and the limitations of most materials in playing such pivotal roles have led to an extensive search and experimentation with new alloys and composites. These new high-performance materials and composites, which at first glance, appear to possess the right combination of properties satisfying target requirements, are explored under accelerator target conditions where both shock and irradiation damage are at play. Results of the on-going, multi-phased experimental effort under way at BNL involving heavy irradiation of candidate materials using 200 MeV protons at the end of the BNL Linac as well as results on post-irradiation analysis assessing irradiation damage are presented.  
 
TUPLS140 An Overview of the SNS Accelerator Mechanical Engineering SNS, vacuum, BNL, RTBT 1831
 
  • G.R. Murdoch, J.J. Error, M.P. Hechler, S. Henderson, M. Holding, T. Hunter, P. Ladd, T.L. Mann, R. Savino, J.P. Schubert
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  • H.-C. Hseuh, H. Ludewig, G.J. Mahler, C. Pai, C. Pearson, J. Rank, J.E. Tuozzolo, J. Wei
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator-based neutron source currently nearing completion at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. When completed in 2006, the SNS will provide a 1GeV, 1.44MW proton beam to a liquid mercury target for neutron production. SNS is a collaborative effort between six U.S. Department of Energy national laboratories and offered a unique opportunity for the mechanical engineers to work with their peers from across the country. This paper presents an overview of the overall success of the collaboration concentrating on the accelerator ring mechanical engineering along with some discussion regarding the relative merits of such a collaborative approach. Also presented are a status of the mechanical engineering installation and a review of the associated installation costs.  
 
TUPLS141 Measured Residual Radioactivity Induced by U Ions of Energy 500 MeV/u in a Cu Target ion, GSI, radiation, radioactivity 1834
 
  • E. Mustafin, H. Iwase, E. Kozlova, D. Schardt
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • A. Fertman, A. Golubev
    ITEP, Moscow
  • R. Hinca, M. Pavlovic, I. Strasik
    STU, Bratislava
  • N. Sobolevskiy
    RAS/INR, Moscow
  Several laboratories in the world have started or plan to build new powerful ion accelerators. These facilities promise to provide very valuable tools for experiments in fundamental nuclear physics, physics of high energy density in matter and for medical applications as well. One of the most important problems that have to be solved during the design stage is the radiation protection of the accelerator. Due to the complexity, it is hardly possible to obtain reliable radionuclide production data for accelerator structure materials from radiation transport codes. Thus, the experimental data which can be measured at the presently existing facilities are necessary for the evaluation of the induced levels of radioactivity around intense heavy ion accelerators. The Uranium beam losses are the most dangerous ones in the FAIR facility. Results of the measurement of activation induced by U beam with energy of E = 500 MeV/u in the copper target are presented in this paper.  
 
WEOBPA03 1.8 MW Upgrade of the PSI Proton Facility cyclotron, simulation, extraction, space-charge 1879
 
  • P.A. Schmelzbach, S.R.A. Adam, A. Adelmann, H. Fitze, G. Heidenreich, J.-Y. Raguin, U. Rohrer, P.K. Sigg
    PSI, Villigen
  The PSI proton accelerator delivers currently a 590 MeV beam with an intensity of 2 mA. The upgrade programme aiming at boosting the beam power from 1.2 to 1.8 MW includes the ongoing installation of new bunchers in the transfer lines to the injector cyclotron and between injector and ring cyclotron, the replacement of the Al-cavities of the ring cyclotron by Cu-cavities operated at 1 MV, and the design and future installation of additional accelerating cavities in the injector cyclotron. Simulation studies are under way to improve our understanding of the space charge effects at the different stages of acceleration. The present status of the project will be presented.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
WEIFI02 Can the Accelerator Control System be Bought from Industry? controls, LEFT, vacuum, instrumentation 1916
 
  • M. Plesko
    Cosylab, Ljubljana
  This presentation is intended for project leaders and specialists, whose components depend on the control system, which is nearly everybody apart from control experts. The presentation will explain the basic concepts of an accelerator control system, illustrate the similarities and differences among the most popular packages, which are nicely disguised in acronyms such as EPICS, TANGO, TINE, DOOCS, COACK, XAL, CDEV, etc. and compare them to commercial control systems (DCS and SCADA) and LabView. The second part of the presentation will analyse whether a control system is in principle a component as any other and whether therefore in principle it should be bought eventually from a competent supplier like all the other components. It will identify the reasons why many people are reluctant to outsource control systems and illustrate this with some personal experiences and suggestions how to overcome these problems. The talk will conclude by showing how naively we have started a spin-off company* to commercialize the accelerator control system that we have developed, how we have found sustainable sources of business, and how we see the future in this and related markets.

* Cosylab - Control System Laboratory, www.cosylab.com

 
slides icon Transparencies
 
WEPCH040 Further Development of Irradiation Field Forming Systems of Industrial Electron Accelerators electron, vacuum, radiation, extraction 2005
 
  • N.G. Tolstun, A.S. Ivanov, V.P. Ovchinnikov, M.P. Svinin
    NIIEFA, St. Petersburg
  Electron beam irradiation field forming systems where accelerated electron beam is scanned in a constant field of the elongated bending magnets were developed in our institute more than 15 years ago and they have a number of advantages in comparison with traditional ones. Since than they have been applied in two accelerators with energies 300 and 400 keV; version of the similar system with two electromagnets for two-side irradiation of flexible materials – in a number of 750 keV high voltage accelerators ("Electron-10") successfully operating now in several industrial lines. Systems of forming of electron beam irradiation field based on the same principle have been used in several projects, some of them are already put into operation. Electron optic characteristics of such systems and their various modifications as well as aspects of their possible usage are discussed in the paper.  
 
WEPCH106 Stationary Beam Electron Transport in AIRIX for the TRAJENV Code electron, space-charge, induction, focusing 2161
 
  • O. Mouton
    CEA, Bruyères-le-Châtel
  In the framework of the AIRIX program, the electron beam propagation between the injector and the X-conversion target is routinely simulated with the 2D TRAJENV code. We describe the physical models implemented in the code for a intense stationary beam. We present both the modeling of applied electromagnetic forces in induction cells and self generated ones. To avoid the cell damage due to target debris generated by the electron beam impact, a thin debris shield has been tested upstream the X-ray converter. Such a thin foil located in the beam pass, is taken into account in TRAJENV. We describe the modeling and the influence of the foil on the beam.  
 
WEPCH107 Contributors to AIRIX Focal Spot Size ion, emittance, electron, simulation 2164
 
  • N. Pichoff, M. Caron, F. Cartier, D.C. Collignon, A. Compant La Fontaine, G. Grandpierre, L.H. Hourdin, M. Mouillet, D.P. Paradis
    CEA, Bruyères-le-Châtel
  High intensity electron beam focusing is a key issue for the successful development of flash radiography at hydro test facilities. AIRIX is a 2 kA, 19 MeV, 60 ns, single shot linear accelerator that produces X-rays from the interaction between relativistic electrons and a Tantalum solid target (Ta). A simulation tool has been developed to model the pulsed-beam dynamics through the accelerator from the cathode to the target. This simulator has allowed to estimate the contribution to the beam size on the target (focal spot) of beam emittance, pulse energy dispersion, pulse rising and falling fronts and the ion production on the target. The quantified contributions of these phenomena are reviewed here.  
 
WEPCH119 Beam Performance with Internal Targets in the High-energy Storage Ring (HESR) beam-losses, luminosity, antiproton, scattering 2197
 
  • A. Lehrach, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn
    FZJ, Jülich
  • O. Boine-Frankenheim, R.W. Hasse
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • F. Hinterberger
    Universität Bonn, Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Bonn
  The High-energy Storage Ring of the future International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI in Darmstadt is planned as an antiproton synchrotron storage ring in the momentum range of 1.5 to 15 GeV/c. An important feature of HESR is the combination of phase space cooled beams and dense internal targets (e.g., pellet targets), which results in demanding beam parameter requirements for two operation modes: high luminosity mode with peak luminosities of up to 2·1032 cm-2 s-1, and high resolution mode with a momentum spread down to 10-5, respectively. The beam cooling equilibrium and beam loss with internal target interaction is analyzed. Rate equations are used to predict the rms equilibrium beam parameters. The cooling and intra-beam scattering rate coefficients are obtained from simplified models. Energy loss straggling in the target and the associated beam loss are analyzed analytically assuming a thin target. A longitudinal kinetic simulation code is used to study the evolution of the momentum distribution in coasting and bunched beam. The analytic expressions for the target induced momentum tail are found in good agreement with the simulation results.

*A. Lehrach et al. Beam Performance and Luminosity Limitations in the High-Energy Storage Ring (HESR), Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A44704 (2006).

 
 
WEPCH136 Monte Carlo Simulation Model of Internal Pellet Targets scattering, simulation, injection, storage-ring 2239
 
  • O.A. Bezshyyko, K.A. Bezshyyko, I.M. Kadenko, R.V. Yermolenko
    National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, The Faculty of Physics, Kyiv
  • A. Dolinskii
    NASU/INR, Kiev
  • V.G. Ziemann
    UU/ISV, Uppsala
  We develop a numerical model of a pellet target and use it for Monte Carlo simulations of the interaction of a circulating beam with a pellet target. Real geometry details of the pellet beam and the beam are taken into account. We emphasize the role of tails of non-Gaussian distributions for transverse scattering and energy loss. These effects are especially important for simultaneous calculations of electron cooling, intrabeam scattering and target influence. Black-box algorithms for the generation of automatic nonuniform random variate distributions are used for the effective time averaging of scattering angle and energy loss distributions.  
 
WEPCH143 Electron Linac Based e,X-radiation Facility electron, radiation, photon, simulation 2257
 
  • V.I. Nikiforov, A. Dovbnya, N.A. Dovbnya, V.L. Uvarov
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  In a number of technologies based on high-current electron accelerators bremsstrahlung is generated in the interaction of the beam with the irradiated object. Thus, in addition to the electron radiation, the bremsstahlung may be used for carring out of different technolodgical programs (e,X-facility). A method for the numerical analysis and optimization of the radiation characteristics of such installation is proposed. The accelerator beam track, starting from the electron source and up to output devices is considered as a single multicomponent target consisting of the layers of different materials. The thickness of each layer is measured in the generalized units of the "stopping length". Using the method of simulation based on the PENELOPE/2001 system the characteristics of the mixed e,gamma-radiation field (energy yield of electrons, photons and their ratio) as function of the stopping length for actual or anticipated version of output equipment can be calculated. To illustrate the method, the parameters of the beam path of the NSC KIPT Linacs used as e,X-facilities was analyzed.  
 
WEPCH165 A Nonlinear Transport Line for the Optimization of F18 Production by the TOP Linac Injector octupole, linac, proton, quadrupole 2316
 
  • C. Ronsivalle, C. Cianfarani, G. Messina, G.L. Orlandi, L. Picardi
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
  • E. Cisbani, S.F. Frullani
    ISS, Rome
  The injector of the TOP Linac (Oncological Therapy with Protons), under development by ENEA and ISS, consists of a 7 MeV, 425 MHz RFQ+DTL (AccSys Model PL-7). It is actually in operation at ENEA-Frascati Laboratories for the production of the positron-emitting radionuclide F18 for PET analyses by an intense proton beam (8 - 10 mA, 50 - 100 μs, 30 - 100 Hz). At the exit of the injector, the beam is guided through a magnetic channel to a target composed by a thin chamber (0.5 mm thick and 1-inch diameter) containing water enriched with O18. Recently, to the original quadrupole transport channel, a non-linear magnet system using octupoles has been added in order to flatten the proton beam distribution and optimize the radioisotope production. In the paper the details of the octupole design and beam dynamic study and the first measurements results are presented.  
 
WEPCH173 The Performance of Double-grid O-18 Water Target for FDG Production cyclotron, proton, radiation, simulation 2337
 
  • H.B. Hong, J.-S. Chai, M.G. Hur, H.S. Jang, J. Kang
    KIRAMS, Seoul
  • H.H. Cho, K.M. Kim
    Yonsei University, Seoul
  The main stream of our study about the target is increasing the lifetime of the target windows. Mainly we conduct our study to increase the cooling performance and secondly about the structural design of the targets and target window foils. We already had developed and had published the results of our research about O-18 double-grid water target, which had installed on our 13 MeV cyclotron KIRAMS-13. The beam size of the accelerated proton was 9 mm*18 mm (0.35 in * 0.7 in). The double-grid target shows relatively low pressure during irradiation and good yield of F-18. The average yield of F-18 after irradiation was more than 1 Ci at 12.5 MeV , around 26 μA. Additionally, we are conducting new research for new techniques to increase the performance of low energy double-grid target and a new state-of-the-art pleated double foil target.  
 
WEPCH177 Conception of Medical Isotope Production at Electron Accelerator electron, radiation, simulation, isotope-production 2343
 
  • V.L. Uvarov, N.P. Dikiy, A. Dovbnya, V.I. Nikiforov
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  A photonuclear method with the use of high-energy bremsstrahlung (Eg>8 MeV) of high intensity (>= 1004 W/cm2) provides a possibility of the ecologically safe production of a number of isotopes for nuclear medicine. The conditions of generation of the radiation field having such characteristics as well as the features of photonuclear production of W-181,Pd-103, Cu-67 and other radionuclides are considered in the report. At the initial stage the study of the isotope production is performed by means of the computer simulation in a simplified 2D geometry of the Linac output devices. The code on the base of the PENELOPE/2001 program system supplemented with the data on the excitation functions of the corresponding reactions was developed. The dependences of the isotope yield (gross and specific activity) on the electron energy (30…45 MeV), as well as, the data on absorbed energy of radiation in the targets of natural composition are represented. The experimental results confirm the data of modelling. Main trends of realization of the photonuclear method for isotope production and the necessary conditions of the increase of its yield are analysed.  
 
WEPCH181 Ion Implantation Via Laser Ion Source ion, laser, plasma, extraction 2355
 
  • F. Belloni, D. Doria, A. Lorusso, V. Nassisi
    INFN-Lecce, Lecce
  We report on the development of a new implantation technique via laser ion source. By applying a high voltage on the accelerating gap, this compact device was able to accelerate towards a substrate ions from ablation plasma. The occurrence of arcs during the extraction phase was a major problem to overcome. A pulsed KrF laser was utilized to produce plasma by ablation of solid targets. Radiation wavelength and pulse duration were 248 nm and 20 ns, respectively. The laser beam, 70 mJ per pulse, was focused onto different targets in a spot of about 1 mm2 in surface, obtaining an irradiance value of about 3.5 x 108 W/cm2. The implanted samples were characterized by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and x-ray photoelectron spectrometry. Implantations of Al, Cu and Ge on Si substrates were carried out up to 80 nm in depth, operating at 40 kV acceleration voltage. Ion dose was estimated by Faraday cup diagnostics. It was of the order of 1010 ions/cm2 per pulse.  
 
WEPCH182 Design of 9.4 GHz 950 keV X-band Linac for Nondestructive Testing electron, linac, gun, KEK 2358
 
  • T. Yamamoto, T. Natsui, M. Uesaka
    UTNL, Ibaraki
  • M. Akemoto, S. Fukuda, T. Higo, M. Yoshida
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • K. Dobashi
    The University of Tokyo, Nuclear Professional School, Ibaraki-ken
  • E. Tanabe
    AET Japan, Inc., Kawasaki-City
  Mobile "suit-case-sized" x-band (9.4GHz) 950 keV linac is designed for applications of nondestructive testing (NDT). Conventional device for the purpose is the S-band linac, but its drawback is a rather large device-size, large electron beam spot size of about 3 mm and lack of spatial resolution. We aim to realize the smaller spot size about 500 micro-m by a low emittance beam. The proposed system consists of the 9.4 GHz magnetron, modulator, thermionic RF electron gun and 9.4 GHz x-band linac and metal target for x-ray generation. The energy at the gun is 20 keV, and the final energy becomes 950 keV. Now, we are designing the linac structure of the pai/2 mode and analyzing the electromagnetic field (EMF) by SUPERFISH. At this time, we finish analyzing EMF of regular cavity cells and we are analyzing EMF of total accelerating tube. We have finished the detailed RF design. Further, we are also performing the design of the pai mode and going to discuss the advantages and drawbacks between them. Construction of the RF supplying system is underway. The detailed design parameters and updated status of the construction are presented at the spot.  
 
WEPCH183 Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of High Chromium Steel by Nitrogen Ion Implantation ion, ion-source, electron, controls 2361
 
  • B.S. Kim, S.-Y. Lee
    Hankuk Aviation University, KyungKi-Do
  • K. R. Kim, J.S. Lee
    KAERI, Daejon
  This article reports the study of mechanical properties of high chromium steel after N-ion implantation. The samples are implanted with 120keV N-ion at doses ranging from 1x1017ions/square cm to 4x1018ions/square cm. Mechanical properties of implanted samples are compared with those of Cr-plated samples. The compositions of the N-ion implanted layer were measured by Auger electrons spectroscopy(AES). Their mechanical properties as a function of N-ion doses were characterized by nano-indentation, sliding and impact wear tests. The results reveal that the hardness and mechanical properties of ion implanted samples were found to depend strongly on the ion doses. The hardness of the N-ion implanted sample with 2x1018ions/? was measured to be approximately 9 GPa, which is approximately 2.3 times higher than that of un-implanted sample (H=3.8 GPa). Also wear properties of N-ion implanted samples with 2x1018ions/? were largely improved ;compared to the Cr-plated samples, the width of wear track and friction coefficient developed on the N-ion implanted samples are about 60% and 40% smaller, respectively.  
 
WEPCH190 A Ridge Filter for 36 MeV Proton Beam Applied to BT and ST proton, simulation, ion, radioactivity 2379
 
  • Y.K. Lim, K. R. Kim
    KAERI, Daejon
  We designed a ridge filter to obtain a uniform depth-dose distribution as well as to deliver high linear energy transfer along the depth of a target for 36MeV proton beam. Aluminum was chosen as the material of the filter to reduce the radioactivity induced by proton irradiation. The designed ridge filter has a continuous cross-sectional line shape of ridges so that the smoothly varying depth-dose distribution can be maintained before the distal fall-off for lower proton energy than 36MeV. The height of the ridge is 6 mm, its period is also 6 mm and the minimum thickness is 0.3 mm. A Monte Carlo simulation code, MCNPX 2.5.0., was used to calculate the dose distributions. The width of the calculated uniform dose region was 11 mm for 36MeV proton beam in a water-equivalent sample.  
 
WEPCH191 The Design and Manufacture of a 300 keV Heavy Ion Implanter for Surface Modification of Materials ion, ion-source, acceleration, extraction 2382
 
  • J.S. Lee, Jae-Keun Kil. Kil, C.-Y. Lee
    KAERI, Daejon
  A 300keV ion implanter has been designed for studies of surface modification of several materials by ion beam. The purpose of design is domestic development of the basic technology for the high energy ion implanter. The main point of design is production, acceleration and transportation of high nitrogen ion beam current up to 5mA and ion energy up to 300keV. 300keV ion implanter consists of Duo-PIGatron ion source, einzel lens, mass separation magnet, acceleration tube, magnetic quadrupole doublet, electrostatic scanner and target. Beam optics design carried out where space charge effect in the acceleration tube and second order aberrations in the mass separation magnet were considered. The mass numbers range from 1 to 140 and the resolving power M/ΔM is 131. Implanter control system includes fiber optics links for the monitoring and control of the ion source parameters in the high voltage zone and computer system for the characterization of the ion beam and whole control of an implantation process.  
 
WEPCH194 Complex for X-ray Inspection of Large Containers radiation, electron, shielding, controls 2388
 
  • V.M. Pirozhenko, V.M. Belugin, V.V. Elyan, A.V. Mischenko, N.E. Rozanov, B.S. Sychev, V.V. Vetrov
    MRTI RAS, Moscow
  • Yu.Ya. Kokorovets, V.D. Ryzhikov, N.A. Shumeiko, S.Ya. Yatsenko
    Communar, Kharkov
  • A.N. Korolev, K.G. Simonov
    ISTOK, Moscow Region
  The X-ray inspection complex is intended for non-intrusive inspection of large containers in the seaport. The complex has been developed, manufactured, and tested. To provide two projections of irradiated container and ensure reliable inspection, the complex includes two sets each containing self-shielded X-ray source and L-shaped detector array. The X-ray source includes electron linear accelerator with 7.3 MeV energy, conversion target, local radiation shielding, and alignment means. The accelerator uses standing wave bi-periodic structure fed by magnetron generator with 2.8 GHz frequency. It provides intensive electron beam without application of external magnetic field for the beam focusing. This feature makes it possible to use massive local radiation shielding made from iron. The radiation shielding provides large attenuation of scattered X-rays and ensures the radiation safety for personnel as well as high sensitivity of detecting system and good penetrability of the complex.  
 
WEPCH195 Status of the Russian Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Project ion, ion-source, tandem-accelerator, vacuum 2391
 
  • M. Petrichenkov, N. Alinovsky, A.D. Goncharov, V. Klyuev, A. Kozhemyakin, A. Kryuchkov, V.V. Parkhomchuk, S. Rastigeev, V.B. Reva
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  The status of the first Russian accelerator mass spectrometer being developed at BINP is described. The scheme of the spectrometer includes two types of ion sources (sputter and gaseous ones), electrostatic tandem accelerator with accelerating voltage up to 2 MV and magnesium vapors stripper and also includes the high-energy and low-energy beam lines with analyzers. The results of the experiments with the ion beams will be given.  
 
WEPLS001 Secondary Particle Production and Capture for Muon Accelerator Applications proton, lattice, factory, simulation 2394
 
  • S.J. Brooks
    CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  Intense pulsed muon beams are required for projects such as the Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider. It is currently proposed to produce these from a high-Z target using a multi-megawatt proton driver. This paper examines the effect of proton energy on the yield and distribution of particles produced from tantalum and mercury, with further analysis using a tracking code to determine how these distributions will behave downstream, including a breakdown of loss mechanisms. Example 'muon front end' lattices are used from the UK Neutrino Factory design.  
 
WEPLS002 Design and Expected Performance of the Muon Beamline for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment emittance, proton, simulation, extraction 2397
 
  • K. Tilley, D.J. Adams, P. Drumm
    CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • T.J. Roberts
    Muons, Inc, Batavia
  • K.a. Walaron
    University of Glasgow, Glasgow
  It is proposed to install a Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE) at the ISIS facility, at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL). This experiment will be the first demonstration of ionisation cooling as a means to reduce the large transverse emittance of the muon beam, produced during the early stages of a Neutrino Factory. In order to permit a realistic demonstration of cooling, a beam of muons must be produced, possessing particular qualities, notably in emittance and momenta. This paper describes the current design for the muon beamline, outlining issues particular to the needs of the MICE experiment, and discusses its expected performance.  
 
WEPLS005 The Target Drive for the MICE Experiment insertion, vacuum, acceleration, controls 2403
 
  • C.N. Booth, L.C. Howlett, P.J. Smith
    Sheffield University, Sheffield
  • N. Schofield
    University of Manchester, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Manchester
  The MICE experiment requires a beam of low energy muons to test muon cooling. This beam will be derived parasitically from the ISIS accelerator. A novel target mechanism is being developed which will allow the insertion of a small titanium target into the proton beam halo on demand. The target must remain outside the beam envelope during acceleration, and then overtake the shrinking beam envelope to enter up to 5 mm into the beam during the last 2 ms before extraction. The technical specifications are demanding, requiring large accelerations and precise and reproducible location of the target each cycle. The mechanism must operate in a high radiation environment, and the moving parts must be compatible with the stringent requirements of the accelerator's vacuum system. A prototype linear electromagnetic drive has been built, and the performance is being measured and improved to meet the design specifications. Details of the drive, position readout and control systems will be presented, together with the performance achieved to date.  
 
WEPLS009 Summary of the Low Emittance Muon Collider Workshop (February 6-10, 2006) collider, emittance, proton, luminosity 2412
 
  • R.P. Johnson, K. Paul
    Muons, Inc, Batavia
  • V. Yarba
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  The Low Emittance Muon Collider workshop, held at Fermilab February 6-10, 2006 focused on the development of high-luminosity muon colliders using extreme muon beam cooling, where many constraints on muon collider designs are alleviated with beams of smaller emittance and lower intensity. The workshop covered topics related to proton drivers, targetry, muon capture, bunching, cooling, cooling demonstration experiments, bunch recombination, muon acceleration, collider lattices, interaction-point design, site boundary radiation, and detector concepts for energy frontier and Higgs particle studies. Lower emittance allows for a reduction in the required muon current for a given luminosity and also allows high energy to be attained by recirculating the beam through high frequency ILC RF cavities. The highlights of the workshop and the prospects for such colliders will be discussed.  
 
WEPLS011 General Design Considerations for a High-intensity Muon Storage Ring for a Neutrino Factory site, injection, storage-ring, proton 2418
 
  • C. Johnstone
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • F. Meot
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  • G. Rees
    CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  Muon decay ring design, shielding, and compatibility with potential neutrino detector sites are a critical part of the International Scoping Study (ISS) for a neutrino factory. Two rings are under development: a racetrack and an isosceles-triangle ring initially for muon energy of 20 GeV, but upgradable to 50 GeV. Neutrinos from the muon decays in specially designed production straights can be directed to one or two distant detectors; the racetrack ring has one very long production straight, aligned with one detector, while the triangular ring has two straights, each half as long, aligned with two detectors. An initial site survey of accelerators and distant detectors has been made, along with the required tilt angles from the horizontal will be discussed here. (Lattice studies, injection, collimation, and RF system design are covered in a separate contribution to these proceedings.) Heating and activation effects of beam loss in the chamber walls and components will also be presented.  
 
WEPLS012 Use of Gas-filled Cavities in Muon Capture for a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory factory, emittance, collider, focusing 2421
 
  • D.V. Neuffer
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • K. Paul
    Muons, Inc, Batavia
  Recent studies indicate that gas-filled cavities can provide high-gradient acceleration and simultaneous cooling for muons. In this paper we explore using these cavities in the front-end of the capture and cooling systems for muon colliders and neutrino factories. For a muon collider scenario we consider capturing the beam in a low-frequency cavity (~50 MHz) and cooling immediate after capture. For a neutrino factory, we consider capturing beam in high-frequency buckets and phase-energy rotating and cooling them using gas-filled rf cavities. Scenario variants are described and studied.  
 
WEPLS017 International Scoping Study of a Future Accelerator Neutrino Complex factory, proton, acceleration, linac 2427
 
  • M.S. Zisman
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  The ISS, launched at NuFact05 to evaluate the physics case for a facility, along with options for the accelerator complex and detectors, is laying the foundations for a subsequent conceptual-design study. It is hosted by RAL and organized by the international community, with participants from Europe, Japan, and the U.S. Here we cover work of the Accelerator Group. For the 4 MW proton driver, we consider linacs, synchrotrons, and FFAG rings. For targets, issues of both liquid-metal and solid materials are examined. For beam conditioning (phase rotation, bunching, and ionization cooling), we evaluate schemes with and without cooling, the latter based on scaling FFAG rings. For acceleration, we examine scaling FFAGs and hybrid systems comprising linacs, dogbone RLAs, and non-scaling FFAGs. For the decay ring we consider racetrack and triangular shapes, the latter capable of simultaneously illuminating two different detectors at different baselines. Comparisons are made between various technical approaches to identify optimum design choices for the facility.  
 
WEPLS045 Study on Low-energy Positron Polarimetry positron, electron, scattering, photon 2475
 
  • A. Schaelicke, K. Laihem, S. Riemann, A. Ushakov
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen
  • R. Dollan, Th. Lohse
    Humboldt University Berlin, Institut für Physik, Berlin
  For the design of the International Linear Collider (ILC) a polarised positron source based on a helical undulator system has been proposed. In order to optimise the positron beam, i.e., to ensure high intensity as well as high degree of polarisation, a measurement of the polarisation close to the positron creation point is envisaged. In this contribution methods to determine the positron polarisation at low energies are investigated. These studies are based on simulations with an extended version of Geant4, which allows the tracking of polarised particles taking into account the spin effects.  
 
WEPLS046 Radiation Levels and Activation at the ILC Positron Source positron, undulator, photon, electron 2478
 
  • A. Ushakov, S. Riemann
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen
  • Eckhard. Elsen, K. Floettmann
    DESY, Hamburg
  • K.N. Sanosyan
    CANDLE, Yerevan
  An undulator-based positron source is recommended as baseline design for the International Linear Collider (ILC). Photons generated by electrons passing an undulator hit a rotating target and create electron-positron pairs. The positrons are captured and accelerated. An advantage of this source is the significantly lower radiation level in comparison to a conventional positron source which uses the electron beam directly to produce electron-positron pairs. The fluxes of neutrons and photons have been calculated with the particle transport code FLUKA. The activation of the positron source components has been estimated depending on the parameters of the source. The results for undulator-based and conventional positron sources are compared and presented.  
 
WEPLS048 Development of a Positron Production Target for the ILC Positron Source photon, positron, vacuum, undulator 2484
 
  • I.R. Bailey, I.R. Bailey, J.B. Dainton, D.J. Scott
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire
  • V. Bharadwaj, J. Sheppard
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • P. Cooke, P. Sutcliffe
    Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool
  • J.G. Gronberg, D.J. Mayhall, W.T. Piggott, W. Stein
    LLNL, Livermore, California
  The future International Linear Collider (ILC) will require of order 1014 positrons per second to fulfil its luminosity requirements. The current baseline design produces this unprecedented flux of positrons using an undulator-based source. In this concept, a collimated beam of 10MeV photons produced from the action of an undulator on the main electron beam of the ILC is incident on a conversion target. Positrons produced in the resulting electromagnetic shower can then be captured, accelerated and injected into a damping ring. The international community is pursuing several alternative technologies to develop a target capable of long-term operation in the intense photon beam. In the design being developed jointly by the Cockcroft Institute, LLNL and SLAC, a thin (0.4 radiation length) water-cooled Titanium alloy target wheel of diameter 4m is rotated at approximately 1000rpm to spread the incident power of each pulse over a wide area. We present the latest target design, report on the status of the target prototypes and computer models, and review the interplay between the target technology, capture optics, photon collimator and remote-handling systems.  
 
WEPLS077 Considerations on the Design of the Bending Magnet for Beam Extraction System of PEFP extraction, proton, dipole, focusing 2556
 
  • Y.-H. Kim, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang
    KAERI, Daejon
  The PEFP is designed to have two beam extraction lines at the 20 MeV end and 100MeV end for beam utilization. So, the bending magnet to extract the beam from the beam line is located among the MEBT. This implies that there is a long drift space between the focusing structures, while, from the beam dynamics study, it is recommended to make the drift space shorter. In this study, we design and compare some bending magnets to satisfy the beam dynamics requirements.  
 
WEPLS100 Performance of LHC Main Dipoles for Beam Operation dipole, LHC, CERN, controls 2610
 
  • G. De Rijk, M. Bajko, L. Bottura, M.C.L. Buzio, V. Chohan, L. Deniau, P. Fessia, J. Garcia Perez, P. Hagen, J.-P. Koutchouk, J. Kozak, J. Miles, M. Missiaen, M. Modena, P. Pugnat, V. Remondino, L. Rossi, S. Sanfilippo, F. Savary, A.P. Siemko, N. Smirnov, A. Stafiniak, E. Todesco, D. Tommasini, J. Vlogaert, C. Vollinger, L. Walckiers, E.Y. Wildner
    CERN, Geneva
  At present about 75% of the main dipoles for the LHC have been manufactured and one of the three cold mass assemblers has already completed the production. More than two third of the 1232 dipoles needed for the tunnel have been tested and accepted. In this paper we mainly deal with the performance results: the quench behavior, the magnetic field quality, the electrical integrity quality and the geometry features will be summarized. The variations in performance associated with different cold mass assemblers and superconducting cable origins will be discussed.  
 
WEPLS106 Design, Performance and Series Production of Superconducting Trim Quadrupoles for the Large Hadron Collider CERN, LHC, quadrupole, insertion 2628
 
  • M. Karppinen, C. Boyer, J.-M. Castro, H.A. Garcia de Sousa Lopes, C. Giloux, J. Mazet, G. Mugnai, V. Remondino, D. Rodrigues, W. Venturini Delsolaro, R. Wolf
    CERN, Geneva
  • G. Gaggero, L. Loche, M. Tassisto
    ANSALDO Energia, Magnet & Special Product Division, Genova
  • P. Khare, A. Puntambekar
    RRCAT, Indore (M.P.)
  The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be equipped with several thousands of superconducting corrector magnets. Among the largest ones are the superconducting trim quadrupoles (MQTL). These twin-aperture magnets with a total mass of up to 1700 kg have a nominal gradient of 129 T/m at 1.9 K and a magnetic length of 1.3 m. Sixty MQTL are required for the LHC, 36 operating at 1.9 K in and 24 operating at 4.5 K. The paper describes the design features, and reports the measured quench performance and magnetic field quality of the production magnets. The MQTL magnet production is shared between CERN and industry. This sharing is simplified due to the modular construction, common to all twin-aperture correctors.  
 
WEPLS109 Test Results of Fermilab-built Quadrupoles for the LHC Interaction Regions LHC, quadrupole, alignment, interaction-region 2637
 
  • M.J. Lamm, R. Bossert, J. DiMarco, SF. Feher, A. Hocker, J.S. Kerby, A. Nobrega, I. Novitski, R. Rabehl, P. Schlabach, J. Strait, C. Sylvester, M. Tartaglia, J. Tompkins, G. Velev, A.V. Zlobin
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  The US-LHC Accelerator Project has recently completed the manufacturing and testing of the Q2 optical elements for the LHC interaction region final focus. Each Q2 element consists of two identical quadrupoles (MQXB) with a dipole orbit corrector (MQXB). The Fermilab designed MQXB has a 70 mm aperture and a peak operating gradient of 215 T/m. This paper summarizes the test results for the MQXB program with emphasis on quench performance and alignment studies.  
 
WEPLS123 Initial Experimental Results of a New Direct Converter for High Energy Physics Applications controls, power-supply, radio-frequency, booster 2661
 
  • D. Cook, M. Catucci, J. Clare, P. W. Wheeler
    University of Nottingham, Nottingham
  • C. Oates
    Areva T&D, Stafford
  • J.S. Przybyla, R. Richardson
    e2v Technologies, Essex
  This paper presents practical results for a new type of power supply for high energy physics CW applications. The converter is a direct topology operating with a high frequency (resonant) link. Losses are minimised by switching at zero current. High operating frequency reduces the filter and transformer size. The transformer uses the latest nano-crystalline materials to further reduce losses. Where possible, circuit elements are incorporated into the transformer to reduce the physical size of the converter. Design of this transformer to accommodate the insulation, VA rating and circuit elements is non-trivial. The Radio Frequency power generated is stable and predictable, whilst the reduced energy storage in filter components removes the need for crowbar circuits. Potential benefits of this converter when compared to conventional approaches are discussed. These include reduced energy storage, reduced turn-on time and enhanced energy density when compared with existing topologies. Preliminary practical results are promising and are presented along with simulation results.  
 
THPCH089 The Electromagnetic Background Environment for the Interaction-point Beam Feedback System at the International Linear Collider feedback, background, SLAC, linear-collider 2997
 
  • G.B. Christian, P. Burrows, G.B. Christian, C.C. Clarke, A.F. Hartin, C. Swinson, G.R. White
    OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon
  • R. Arnold, C. Hast, S. Smith, M. Woods
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • A. Kalinin
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  The Interaction Point (IP) feedback system is essential for maintaining the luminosity at the International Linear Collider (ILC). It is necessary to demonstrate the performance of the feedback beam position monitor (BPM) in an electron-positron pair background similar to that expected in the ILC interaction region (IR). We have simulated the ILC beam-beam interactions and used a GEANT model of the IR to evaluate the pair and photon flux incident on the BPM, for both the 2 mrad and 20 mrad crossing angle geometries. We present results as a function of the proposed machine parameter schemes, as well as for various system layouts within the IR. We plan to study the degradation of BPM resolution, and the long term survivability, in beam tests at End Station A at SLAC. To simulate the background environment of the ILC a 'spray beam' will be produced, which will scatter from a mechanical mock-up of the forward region of the IR, and irradiate the BPM with realistic flux of secondary pairs. We present the proposed experimental layout and planned beam tests.  
 
THPCH090 Stabilization of the ILC Final Focus Using Interferometers laser, monitoring, quadrupole, simulation 3000
 
  • D. Urner, P.A. Coe, A. Reichold
    OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon
  We are developing a system of interferometers that can measure the relative motion between two objects (such as the two final focus quadrupoles) to a few nanometers using interferometric methods. Two instruments are developed at the John Adams Institute at University of Oxford: A distance meter to measure length changes and a straightness monitor to measure perpendicular shifts. We will present technique, results and resolutions of our distance meter prototype. We will also examine their applications at the ILC.  
 
THPCH106 ISAC II RF Controls - Status and Commissioning controls, resonance, CERN, damping 3047
 
  • M.P. Laverty, S.F. Fang, K. Fong, Q. Zheng
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  The rf control system for the 20 ISAC II superconducting cavities is a hybrid analogue/digital design which has undergone several iterations in the course of its development. In the current design, the cavity operates in a self-excited feedback loop, while phase locked loops are used to achieve frequency and phase stability. One digital signal processor provides amplitude and phase regulation, while a second is used for mechanical cavity tuning control. The most recent version has been updated to incorporate newer hardware and software technology, as well as to allow for improved manufacturability and diagnostics. Operating firmware and software can be updated remotely, if the need arises and system security permits. This paper describes the RF control system, outlines the status of the system, and details the commissioning experience gained in operating this system with the first four-cavity cryomodule.  
 
THPCH107 Upgrade of TRIUMF's 2C STF Control System controls, cyclotron, site, isotope-production 3050
 
  • M. Mouat, I.A. Aguilar, E. Klassen, K.S. Lee, J.J. Pon, T.M. Tateyama, P.J. Yogendran
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  One of TRIUMF's isotope production facilities, the 2C Solid Target Facility (STF), is being upgraded. This installation is located on a primary beamline of TRIUMF's 500 MeV Cyclotron. As a part of this upgrade project, the STF Control System is also being revised. Changes to the STF are meant to enhance reliability and maintainability. The existing STF controls have run very reliably and have provided the required functionality but were implemented in part using different technology to that used for the majority of the cyclotron's Central Control System. The new hardware and software controls should provide a simpler, more easily maintained configuration. Additional goals are to modify the user interface to more closely resemble the interface used for running the 500 MeV Cyclotron, to enhance the event annunciation, and to increase the number of parameters logged.  
 
THPCH111 Digital Master Oscillator for the ISIS Synchrotron controls, simulation, synchrotron, lattice 3062
 
  • C.W. Appelbee, M.G. Glover
    CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  Rutherford Appleton Laboratories in Oxfordshire is home to an 800MeV synchrotron particle accelerator called ISIS. Its main function is to direct a beam of protons into a heavy metal target to produce neutrons for scientists to analyse condensed matter. A second harmonic system is being developed to upgrade the beam current from 200uA to 300uA in order to drive a second target station. This is being achieved by the inclusion of four second harmonic cavities to increase the width of the RF bucket. In the past the six fundamental cavities were driven by an analogue master oscillator but the extra cavities will bring more difficultly in the phasing of the system. This could be more easily and precisely controlled by embedding a Direct Digital Synthesis core into an FPGA chip as the heart of a new digital Master Oscillator. This paper describes the initial research and feasibility of such a system for the setting up, phasing and synchronisation of the ten cavities in the ring. It also describes how more of the controls to the oscillator can be encompassed by digital means.  
 
THPCH118 Development of the Event Notice Function for PLC controls, power-supply 3080
 
  • M. Kawase, H. Takahashi
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
  • T. Ishiyama
    MELCO SC, Tsukuba
  A lot of equipment which controls in J-PARC accelerator composition machinery using PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) exists. The transmitting method to upper control systems, such as interlock information on accelerator composition apparatus, state changes information, and information on the right of control operation, is not performed by polling. The event notice function is used and it transmits to the upper control system. In the case of polling, information is transmitted to the upper control system to a number "msec" order. In the case where the event notice function is used, an event can be interrupted at the time of event generating, and information can be transmitted to a target to the upper control system at it. By the J-PARC control system, it makes it possible to transmit the information on state change (event) to the upper control system immediately from PLC by using the rudder sequence program which the rudder sequence program for apparatus control detected change of a state, and mounted the event notice by using this event notice function. The J-PARC control system which mounted the event notice function is reported.  
 
THPCH126 System Development of a Time-of-flight Spectrometer for Surface Analysis of Materials quadrupole, ion, simulation, beam-transport 3095
 
  • P. Junphong, Mr. Ano, S. Rattanarin, Dr. Suwannakachorn, T. Vilaithong
    FNRF, Chiang Mai
  • A. Takahashi
    Osaka University, Osaka
  To study on design the time-of-flight Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (TOF-RBS) technique for nano-material surface analysis with high resolution. At Fast Neutron Research Facility, FNRF, upgrading of the existing pulsed-beam accelerator from 150-keV of D+$ to 280 keV of He+ was proposed to use for the most powerful method of a near-surface characterization of materials utilizing TOF-RBS. The beam transport was redesigned based on the multicusp ion source which was designed the extraction and focusing system for optimization by the computer program KOBRA, and the existing beam pulsing system to provide He+ ion beam with a few nano-second width and 280-keV acceleration energy. Simulation was done by the computer program Beam Optics, resulting in the beam size at the target position of 1 mm in diameter. The measured beam size was 6 mm in diameter. The optimization of the target position was done by the PARMELA program, to be at 3.14 m from the middle point of the buncher. Components, beam transport characteristics, beam optic simulation, and role of quadrupole magnet were explained. Design and test of the scattering chamber for TOF-RBS were shown and measured by the MCP detector. The quadrupole triplet was designed and constructed at FNRF. Development of TOF-RBS system was implemented in this study. Designing component, fabrication and installation to the accelerator system were completed. Beam extraction and He-scattering tests were done.  
 
THPCH139 Development of an Ion Source via Laser Ablation Plasma ion, plasma, extraction, laser 3119
 
  • F. Belloni, D. Doria, A. Lorusso, V. Nassisi
    INFN-Lecce, Lecce
  • L. Torrisi
    INFN/LNS, Catania
  Experimental results on the development of a laser ion source (LIS) are reported. LISs are particularly useful in ion accelerators, ion implanters and devices for electromagnetic isotope separation. A focused UV laser beam (0.1 - 1 GW/cm2 power density) was used to produce a plasma plume from a Cu target. Several aspects were investigated: ion angular distribution, energy distribution, ion extraction and charge loss due to ion recombination. Particular attention was devoted to avoid arcs during the extraction phase; it was accomplished by allowing the proper plasma expansion in a suitable chamber before the extraction gap. Diagnostics on free expanding plasma and extracted ions was carried out mainly by time-of-flight measurements, performed by means of Faraday cups and electrostatic spectrometers. At 18kV acceleration voltage, the ion beam current, measured along a drift tube at 147cm from the target, resulted modulated on ion mass-to-charge ratio and its maximum value was 220uA. The Cu+1 ion bunch charge was estimated to be 4.2nC. Ion implantation tests were successfully performed at high acceleration voltage (several tens kV), by using a simple experimental arrangement.  
 
THPCH152 Temporal Quantum Efficiency of a Micro-structured Cathode laser, cathode, electron, simulation 3149
 
  • V. Nassisi, F. Belloni, G. Caretto, D. Doria, A. Lorusso, L. Martina, M.V. Siciliano
    INFN-Lecce, Lecce
  In this work the experimental and simulation results of photoemission studies for photoelectrons are presented*. The cathode used was a Zn disc having the emitting surface morphologically modified. Two different excimer lasers were employed like energy source to apply the photoelectron process: XeCl (308nm, 10ns) and KrF (248nm, 20ns). Experimental parameters were the laser fluence (up to 70 mJ/cm2) and the anode-cathode voltage (up to 20 kV). The output current was detected by a resistive shunt with the same value of the characteristic impedance of the sistem, about 100 ?. In this way, our device was able to record fast current signals. The best values of global quantum efficiency were approximately 5x 10-6 for XeCl and 1x 10-4 for KrF laser, while the peaks of the temporal quantum efficiency were 8x 10-6 and 1.4x10-4, respectively. The higher efficiency for KrF is ascribed to higher photon energy and to Schottky effect. Several electron-beam simulations using OPERA 3-D were carried out to analyze the influence of the geometrical characteristics of the diode. Simulating the photoemission by cathodes with micro-structures the output current was dependent on cathode roughness.

*L. Martina et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 73, 2552 (2002).

 
 
THPCH153 Production of Temporally Flat Top UV Laser Pulses for SPARC Photoinjector laser, emittance, diagnostics, electron 3152
 
  • M. Petrarca, P. Musumeci
    INFN-Roma, Roma
  • I. Boscolo, S. Cialdi
    INFN-Milano, Milano
  • G. Gatti, A. Ghigo, C. Vicario
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • M. Mattioli
    Università di Roma I La Sapienza, Roma
  In the SPARC photoinjector, the amplified Ti:Sa laser system is conceived to produce an UV flat top pulse profile required to reduce the beam emittance by minimizing the non-linear space charge effects in the photoelectrons pulse. Beam dynamic simulations indicate that the optimal pulse distribution must be flat top in space and time with 10 ps FWHM duration, 1 ps of rise and fall time and a limited ripple on the plateau. In a previous work~\cite{loose} it was demonstrated the possibility to use a programmable dispersive acousto-optics (AO) filter to achieve pulse profile close to the optimal one. In this paper we report the characterization of the effects of harmonics conversion on the pulse temporal profile. A technique to overcome the harmonics conversion distortions on the laser pulses at the fundamental wavelength in order to obtain the target pulse profile is explained too. Measurements and simulations in the temporal and spectral domain at the fundamental laser wavelength and at the second and third harmonics are presented in order to validate our work. It is also described a time diagnostic device for the UV pulses.

*H. Loos et al. "Temporal E-Beam Shaping in an S-Band Accelerator", Proc. Particle Accelerator Conference, p.642, 2005, Knoxville, TN, USA.

 
 
THPCH154 Development of Pulsed Laser Super-cavity for Compact High Flux X-ray Sources laser, electron, photon, storage-ring 3155
 
  • K. Sakaue, M. Washio
    RISE, Tokyo
  • S. Araki, Y. Higashi, Y. Honda, T. Taniguchi, J. Urakawa
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • M.K. Fukuda, M. Takano
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • H. Sakai
    ISSP/SRL, Chiba
  • N. Sasao
    Kyoto University, Kyoto
  Pulsed-laser super-cavity is being developed at KEK-ATF for the application of a compact high brightness x-ray source based on Laser Compton Scattering. We use a Fabry-Perot optical cavity with a pulsed laser. The cavity increases a laser effective power, and at the same time, stably makes a small laser spot in side the cavity. In addition, the pulsed-laser gives much higher peak power. Thus, this scheme will open up a new possibility for building a compact high-brightness x-ray source, when collided with an intense bunched electron beam. We are now planning to build such an x-ray source with a 50MeV multi-bunch linac and a 42cm Fabry-Perot cavity using pulse stacking technology. We actually finished construction of the 50MeV linac and will start its operation in the spring, 2006. Development of the pulsed-laser super-cavity and future plan of our compact x-ray source will be presented at the conference.  
 
THPCH155 High-quality Proton Beam Obtained by Combination of Phase Rotation and the Irradiation of the Intense Short-pulse Laser laser, ion, proton, electron 3158
 
  • S. Nakamura, Y. Iwashita, A. Noda, T. Shirai, H. Souda, H. Tongu
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • S. Bulanov, T. Esirkepov, Y. Hayashi, M. Kado, T. Kimura, M. Mori, A. Nagashima, M. Nishiuchi, K. Ogura, S. Orimo, A. Pirozhkov, A. Sagisaka, A. Yogo
    JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
  • H. Daido, A. Fukumi
    JAEA/Kansai, Kizu-machi Souraku-gun Kyoto-fu
  • Z. Li
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • A. Ogata, Y. Wada
    HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima
  • T. Tajima
    JAEA/FEL, Ibaraki-ken
  • T. Takeuchi
    AEC, Chiba
  Ion production from laser-induced plasma has been paid attention because of its high acceleration gradient (>100GeV/m) compared with conventional RF accelerator. Its energy spectrum is Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution with high-energy cut-off, which limited its application. The phase rotation scheme, which rotates laser produced ions by an RF electric field synchronous to the pulse laser in the longitudinal phase space, was applied to proton beam up to 0.9MeV emitted from Ti foil with 3mm thickness irradiated by focused laser-pulse with peak intensity of 9 ´ 1017W/cm2. Multi-peaks with ~6% width (FWHM) were created and intensity multiplication up to 5 was attained around 0.6MeV region. The proton production process by the intense short-pulse laser has been optimized with use of time of flight measurement of proton beam detected by a plastic scintillation counter, which is specially shielded from the heavy background of electrons and X-rays induced by the intense laser. We have succeeded in on-line measurement of such a proton signal by the detector for the first time, which played an essential role for the investigation of phase rotation scheme.  
 
THPCH172 Present Status of Beam Collimation System of J-PARC RCS proton, radiation, synchrotron, vacuum 3200
 
  • K. Yamamoto
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
  • M. Abe, H. Hanaue, A. Nakamura, Y. Takeuchi
    VIC International Co., Ltd., Tokyo
  • Y. Hirooka, M. Okazaki
    Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., Tokyo
  The precedence manufacture of the two beam collimator was carried out. In these two sets, we tested the heat transfer capacity of cooling fins and remote clamp handling system. The vertical collimator was able to keep temperature under 120 degrees C by the design heat 400W, but in case of the horizontal collimator, it went over 200 degrees C by the design heat 700W. The design was changed towards adding an air duct. About remote clamp handling system, it checked that it could attach by the He leak below 5.*10-10Pa m3/sec as a result of the helium leak examination.  
 
THPCH192 Experimental, Test and Research Beamlines at Fermilab proton, linac, controls, quadrupole 3242
 
  • C. Johnstone
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  Three new external beamlines are in operation or under development at Fermilab: 1) the Main Injector Particle Production (MIPP) beamline, 2) the Mucool Test Area (MTA) beamline, and 3) a new MTEST beamline for advanced detector work for high energy experiments and the ILC. The MIPP beamline is a secondary production beamline capable of producing well-characterized beams of protons, pions, and kaons from 5-120 GeV/c using 120 GeV/c protons from the Fermilab Main Injector. The second line is a new primary 400-MeV proton beamline derived from the 400 MeV proton Linac which will provide for precision measurements of Linac beam parameters in addition to a high-intensity primary test beam for development and verification of muon ionization cooling apparatus. A dual mode operation will also provide accurate, dispersion-free measurements of the Fermilab Linac beam properties with potential for diagnostic development. Installation is planned in 2007. Finally, a third beam is also under design to provide secondary beams at ultra-low - high energies, from ~1 GeV/c to 90 GeV/c in addition to a primary 120-GeV proton mode of operation. It is anticipated that this last line will be installed in fall of 2006.  
 
THPCH196 A Proof-of-Principle Experiment for a High-Power Target System proton, CERN, BNL, factory 3254
 
  • H.G. Kirk, V. Samulyak, N. Simos, T. Tsang
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • J.R.J. Bennett
    CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • T.R. Edgecock
    CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Fabich, H. Haseroth, F. Haug, J. Lettry
    CERN, Geneva
  • V.B. Graves, P.T. Spampinato
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  • K.T. McDonald
    PU, Princeton, New Jersey
  • H.J. Park
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
  The MERIT experiment, to be run at CERN in 2007, is a proof-of-principle test for a target system that converts a 4-MW proton beam into a high-intensity muon beam for either a neutrino factory complex or a muon collider. The target system is based on a free mercury jet that intercepts an intense proton beam inside a 15-T solenoidal magnetic field.  
 
THPLS018 FLUKA Calculations of Neutron Spectra at BESSY shielding, electron, vacuum, radiation 3311
 
  • K. Ott
    BESSY GmbH, Berlin
  The synchrotron light source BESSY consists of a 50 MeV microtron, a full energy synchrotron and a 1.9 GeV storage ring. The electron losses during injection causes electromagnetic cascades within the stainless steel of the vacuum system and the aluminum chambers of the undulators. The cascade-produced neutrons result from giant resonances, quasi-deuteron fissions and photo-pion productions. The cross sections of the evaporation reactions of neutrons are an order of magnitude higher than the cross sections of the latter two reaction channels. The energy distribution of the giant resonance neutrons has a maximum at about 1 MeV in comparison with 100 - 200 MeV of the high energy neutrons. At electron accelerators outside the shielding wall, half of the neutron dose is often determined by the more penetrating high energy part of the neutron fluence. We used the particle interaction and transport code FLUKA for the calculations of the energy distribution of both the fluence and the dose inside and outside the shielding wall for different realistic scenarios. From the integrated spectra we get the calibration factor to determine the total neutron dose from the measurements directly.  
 
FRXAPA01 Neutrino Factories and Beta Beams factory, CERN, proton, acceleration 3616
 
  • M.S. Zisman
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  The presentation will review the various concepts of Neutrino Factories and Beta Beams and indicate the main challenges in terms of beam performance and technological developments. It will also present the world-wide organization to define and carry out the necessary R&D for component design, beam simulations of facility performance, and benchmarking of key subsystems via actual beam tests. Currently approved subsystem tests include the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE), under construction at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, and the Mercury Intense Target (MERIT) experiment, to be carried out at CERN. The major issues being examined by MICE and MERIT will be described as well as the plans and schedule to address them.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
FRYAPA01 Developments in Proton and Light-ion Therapy ion, proton, synchrotron, linac 3631
 
  • S. Rossi
    CNAO Foundation, Milan
  The talk will provide an overview of recent developments in hadrontherapy. It will give a background on cancer therapy with protons and ions, discussing the relative merits of protons and ions versus conventional radiotherapy. It will include status and plans for the development of hadrontherapy facilities, in particular in Europe. It will also describe the status of the Italian hadrontherapy project (CNAO).  
slides icon Transparencies