• S. Henderson
  

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) will be the world's leading pulsed neutron source, with design beam power capability of 1.4 MW. The SNS Construction Project was completed in June 2006. The accelerator complex was successfully commissioned during the construction phase of the project in seven discrete commissioning runs. The facility is now in the first of a three year performance ramp-up phase, in which the beam power, reliability and operating time will be increased to the baseline design values of 1.4 MW, 90% and 5000 hours respectively. Meanwhile, neutron scattering instruments are being constructed and commissioned in preparation for full user operations in 2009. The progress toward bringing the SNS to its full capabilities will be presented.

• M. N. Kreisler
  

• K. C.D. Chan
  
• A. J. Jason, P. J. Turchi
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico

For national security, it is important to detect the presence of Special Nuclear Materials (SNM), especially Highly-Enriched Uranium (HEU). Generally used methods for such detection include interrogation by photons and neutrons. For example, photofission in HEU can be initiated with 14-MeV photons. The resulting delayed neutrons and photons from the fission fragments are clear signatures of the presence of HEU. One can generate high-energy photons using electron accelerators via various mechanisms. In this paper, we will describe two of them, namely electron bremsstrahlung and Compton-backscattered photons. We focus on these two mechanisms because they cover a wide range of accelerator requirements. Electron bremsstrahlung can be generated using a compact low-energy electron linac while the generation of Compton-backscattered photons requires a high-energy electron accelerator of a few hundred MeV. We review these two options, describe their accelerator requirements, and compare their relative merits.

• F. M. Bieniosek
  
• J. J. Barnard, M. Kireeff Covo, A. W. Molvik
  LLNL, Livermore, California
• L. Grisham
  PPPL, Princeton, New Jersey
• M. Leitner, B. G. Logan, R. More, P. N. Ni, P. K. Roy
  LBNL, Berkeley, California
• H. Yoneda
  University of electro-communications, Tokyo

We describe near term heavy-ion beam-driven warm dense matter (WDM) experiments. Initial experiments are at low beam velocity, below the Bragg peak, increasing toward the Bragg peak in subsequent versions of the accelerator. The WDM conditions are envisioned to be achieved by combined longitudinal and transverse neutralized drift compression to provide a hot spot on the target with a beam spot size of about 1 mm, and pulse length about 1-2 ns. The range of the beams in solid matter targets is about 1 micron, which can be lengthened by using porous targets at reduced density. Initial candidate experiments include an experiment to study transient darkening in the WDM regime; and a thin target dE/dx experiment to study beam energy and charge state distribution in a heated target. Further experiments will explore target temperature and other properties such as electrical conductivity to investigate phase transitions and the critical point.

• A. Takagi
  
• C. S. Feigerle
  University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
• Y. Irie
  JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
• M. A. Plum, R. W. Shaw
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
• I. Sugai, Y. Takeda
  KEK, Ibaraki

Thick carbon stripper foils of >300 μg/cm² will be used as a stripping of H-ion beam for 3GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (3GeV-RCS) of the J-PARC. The carbon foils with long lifetime even at >1800 K are required. For this purpose, we have developed a new irradiation system for the lifetime measurement using high current pulsed and dc H^- beams of the KEK Cockcroft-Walton accelerator. These high power 650keV H^- Ion beams can simulate the high energy deposition in carbon stripper foils at the J-PARC RCS. An automatic data acquisition system is also developed for recording the data of foil temperature and irradiated beam current. The Hybrid Boron mixed Carbon (HBC) stripper foils, which are developed at KEK are irradiated by high current H^- ion beam up to 2000 K. A few SNS-diamond and commercially available carbon (CM) foils are also tested for comparing with HBC-foils. The results of the lifetime measurement of HBC and SNS-diamond including CM stripper foils are reported.

• G. Fernqvist
  
• M. C. Bastos, A. Cantone, Q. King
  CERN, Geneva

• C. Hoa
  
• F. Broggi
  INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
• F. Cerutti, J.-P. Koutchouk, G. Sterbini, E. Y. Wildner
  CERN, Geneva

• E. Y. Wildner
  
• M. Bajko, P. Bestmann, S. D. Fartoukh, J. B. Jeanneret, D. P. Missiaen, D. Tommasini
  CERN, Geneva

• P. Messmer
  
• J. G. Power
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois
• V. H. Ranjbar, D. J. Wade-Stein
  Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado
• P. Schoessow
  Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) offer a powerful alternative to ASICs or general purpose processors in accelerator control applications. Software development for these devices can be awkward and time consuming, however, when using low level hardware design languages. To facilitate the use of FPGAs in control systems we are developing a library of software tools based on ImpulseC, a high level subset of the C language specifically designed for FPGA programming. Development and testing of the software will be performed on a Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA demo board. We will present timing benchmarks for common control functions (PID feedback loops, FIR and Kalman filters) and present plans for the development of a controller for the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator high current photoinjector based on this work.

• M. J. Borden
  
• C. A. Chapman, C. T. Kelsey, J. F. O'Hara, J. Sturrock
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico

Dose rate modeling and post irradiation measurements of the Isotope Production Facility beamline, at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator, have determined that a radiation shielding shutter is required to protect personnel from shine from irradiated targets for routine beam tunnel entries. This paper will describe radiation dose modeling, shielding calculations and the failsafe mechanical shutter design.

• M. P. McCarthy
  
• D. E. Anderson, I. E. Campisi, F. Casagrande, R. I. Cutler, G. W. Dodson, J. Galambos, D. P. Gurd, Y. W. Kang, K.-U. Kasemir, S.-H. Kim, H. Ma, B. W. Riemer, J. P. Schubert, M. P. Stockli
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Increasing the pulse repetition rate (PRR) of the SNS Linac to its designed maximum of 60 Hz to provide 1.4 MW of beam on target is in progress. Operation above 60 Hz in the future to provide beam to a second target is also being considered. Increasing the PRR to 80 Hz would allow the additional pulses to be diverted to a second target. This paper discusses the impact of increasing the PRR on the SNS infrastructure including Radio Frequency (RF) systems and structures, the ion source, cryogenics, controls and the target.

• H. G. Kirk
  
• J. R.J. Bennett
  STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• O. Caretta, P. Loveridge
  STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• A. J. Carroll, V. B. Graves, P. T. Spampinato
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
• I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Fabich, F. Haug, J. Lettry, M. Palm
  CERN, Geneva
• K. T. McDonald
  PU, Princeton, New Jersey
• N. V. Mokhov, S. I. Striganov
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

• H. G. Kirk
  

• C. R. Prior
  

• T. Ishida
  

• R. M. Zwaska
  
• P. Adamson, S. C. Childress, J. Hylen, T. Kobilarcik, G. M. Koizumi, P. W. Lucas, A. Marchionni, M. A. Martens
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

• M. Meddahi
  
• K. Cornelis, K. Elsener, E. Gschwendtner, W. Herr, V. Kain, M. Lamont, J. Wenninger
  CERN, Geneva

• D. J.S. Findlay
  

• I. Kourbanis
  

• Y.-C. Chao
  

• R. D. Scarpetti
  
• J. Barraza, C. Ekdahl, E. Jacquez, S. Nath, K. Nielsen, G. J. Seitz
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• F. M. Bieniosek, B. G. Logan
  LBNL, Berkeley, California
• G. J. Caporaso, Y.-J. Chen
  LLNL, Livermore, California

• G. Gatti
  
• L. Cultrera, F. Tazzioli
  INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
• J. Moody, P. Musumeci
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California
• A. Perrone
  INFN-Lecce, Lecce

• S. H. Kim
  
• C. Doose
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

Model superconducting helical undulators are under development for the proposed International Linear Collider (ILC) positron source. The undulator requires high-permeability steel poles and superconducting coils to meet the ILC parameters. A fabrication method for steel poles on a nonmagnetic beam chamber was developed. A model undulator with a period length of 14 mm and Nb3Sn coils was fabricated. Both ends of the model were designed to provide for continuous winding of a single conductor with 39 turns per helix. A 10-mm-period model was designed and is in the fabrication process. The 14-mm-period model may be used in the development of a cryogenic magnetic measurement system. Details of the fabrication and test results will be presented.

• C. Spackman
  
• A. Deyhim
  Physics Teachers Association, Knoxville, Tennessee
• E. A. Johnson
  Advanced Design Consulting, Inc, Lansing, New York
• J. T. Thånell, E. J. Wallen
  MAX-lab, Lund

Advanced Design Consulting developed control software entitled IDcontrol for its state-of-the-art Apple II insertion devices (ID). These IDs feature 8 controllable axes: four servo motors control the gap and taper of two main girders, and four servo motors control the photon polarization-state by manipulating four sub-girders. IDcontrol simultaneously positions all 8 axes with high precision in real-time using 0.1 micron linear encoders attached directly to the girders and sub-girders. Helical and Inclined Plane phase modes are supported with automated mode switching. Magnetic-field-correction-coil current and girder taper are adjustable as functions of gap, phase, and phase mode. IDcontrol continuously monitors redundant encoder velocity and position data for maximal reliability, encoder failure detection, and damage prevention. Combined with ADCs Graphical User Interface (GUI) entitled IDgui, IDcontrol manipulates the ID, provides user notification and automated recovery from errors, management of correction data, and isometric visualization of the ID's girders. The functionality of both IDcontrol and IDgui has been demonstrated at MAX lab and the results will be discussed.

• R. Tolle
  
• T. Bergmark, S. Johnson, T. Johnson, T. Lofnes, G. Norman, T. Peterson
  Uppsala University, Uppsala
• K. Bongardt, J. Dietrich, F. M. Esser, O. Felden, R. Greven, G. Hansen, F. Klehr, A. Lehrach, B. Lorentz, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, A. Raccanelli, M. Schmitt, Y. Senichev, E. Senicheva, R. Stassen, H. Stockhorst
  FZJ, Julich
• B. Gålnander, D. Reistad
  TSL, Uppsala
• F. Hinterberger
  Universität Bonn, Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Bonn
• K. Rathsman
  UU/ISV, Uppsala
• M. Steck
  GSI, Darmstadt

• M. Statera
  
• A. Garishvili, B. Lorentz, S. A. Martin, F. Rathmann
  FZJ, Julich
• P. Lenisa, G. Stancari
  INFN-Ferrara, Ferrara

* Conceptual Design Report for an International Facility for Antiprotonand Ion Research, www.gsi.de/GSI-future/cdr.** PAX Technical Proposal, www.fz-juelich.de/ikp/pax.

• M. Tomizawa
  
• A. Y. Molodozhentsev, M. J. Shirakata
  KEK, Ibaraki

• H. Ao
  
• K. Hasegawa
  JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
• K. Hirano, T. Morishita, A. Ueno
  JAEA/LINAC, Ibaraki-ken
• M. Ikegami
  KEK, Ibaraki
• V. V. Paramonov
  RAS/INR, Moscow
• Y. Yamazaki
  KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken

• T. Morishita
  
• H. Asano, M. Ikegami, T. Ito
  JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
• K. Hasegawa
  JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
• F. Naito, E. Takasaki, H. Tanaka, K. Yoshino
  KEK, Ibaraki
• A. Ueno
  JAEA/LINAC, Ibaraki-ken

• J. Tamura
  
• T. Kanesue
  Kyushu University, Fukuoka
• M. Okamura
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

• S. Kawata
  
• T. Kikuchi, M. Nakamura, Y. Nodera, N. Onuma
  Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya

* R. Sonobe, S. Kawata, et. al., Phys. Plasmas 12 (2005) 073104.

• T. Kikuchi
  
• S. Kawata
  Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya
• K. Takayama
  KEK, Ibaraki

* E. Nakamura, et al., "A Modification Plan of the KEK 500MeV Booster to an All-ion Accelerators (An Injector-free Synchrotron)", PAC07.

• Y.-S. Cho
  
• B. Chung, J.-H. Jang, K. Y. Kim, Y.-H. Kim
  KAERI, Daejon

The Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) will supply 20-MeV and 100-MeV proton beams from a 100 MeV proton linear accelerator for beam applications. The extracted 20 MeV or 100 MeV proton beams will be simultaneously distributed into the five targets through a dipole magnet equipped with a controllable AC power supply. The most important design criterion is the flexibility of the irradiation conditions in order to meet various user requirements in many application fields. For this purpose, we have designed the beamlines to the targets for wide or focused beams, external or in-vacuum beams, and horizontal or vertical beams. This work includes details of the conceptual design of the beamlines.

• N. Yu. Kazarinov
  
• G. Gulbekyan, V. I. Kazacha, V. N. Melnikov, V. I. Mironov
  JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region

• E. Gschwendtner
  
• L. Bruno, K. Elsener, A. Ferrari, M. Meddahi, A. Pardons, S. Rangod
  CERN, Geneva
• A. Guglielmi
  INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
• P. R. Sala
  INFN-Milano, Milano

• T. Kramer
  
• G. Arduini, O. E. Berrig, E. Carlier, L. Ducimetiere, B. Goddard, A. Koschik, J. A. Uythoven
  CERN, Geneva

• P. N. Ostroumov
  
• J. D. Fuerst, M. P. Kelly, B. Mustapha, J. A. Nolen, K. W. Shepard
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

The Office of Science of the Department of Energy is currently considering options for an advanced radioactive beam facility in the U. S. The U. S. facility will complement capabilities both existing and planned elsewhere. As envisioned at ANL, the facility, called the Advanced Exotic Beam Laboratory (AEBL), would consist of a heavy-ion driver linac, a post-accelerator and experimental areas. The proposed design of the AEBL driver linac is a cw, fully superconducting, 833 MV linac capable of accelerating uranium ions up to 200 MeV/u and protons to 580 MeV with 400 kW beam power. An extensive research and development effort has resolved many technical issues related to the construction of the driver linac and other systems required for AEBL. This paper presents the status of planning, some options for such a facility, as well as, progress in related R&D.

• M. A. Martens
  
• S. C. Childress, N. L. Grossman, P. Hurh, J. Hylen, A. Marchionni, E. McCluskey, C. D. Moore, R. E. Reilly, S. Tariq, A. Wehmann, K. E. Williams, R. M. Zwaska
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

The NuMI beamline at Fermilab has been operational since the spring of 2005 delivering high-intensity neutrino beams to the MINOS experiment. A beam power on target of 310 kW has been achieved and a total of more than 2·10²⁰ protons have been delivered to the NuMI target. Upgrades to NuMI are planned in preparation for the future MINERvA and NOvA neutrino experiments increasing the NuMI beam power capability from 400 kW to 700 kW and then as much as 1.2 MW. An overview of the future upgrade to NuMI is presented.

• T. Sen
  
• V. E. Scarpine, R. Thurman-Keup
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

• A. Bogdanov
  
• V. Anferov, M. Ball, D. V. Baxter, V. P. Derenchuk, A. V. Klyachko, T. Rinckel, K. A. Solberg
  IUCF, Bloomington, Indiana

The Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) at Indiana University is producing neutrons by using a 7 MeV proton beam incident on a Beryllium target. The Proton Delivery System is currently being upgraded. A new DTL section will be added to increase proton beam energy from 7 to 13 MeV. A 3 MeV RFQ and 13 MeV DTL will be powered by 1 MW klystrons. The goal of this upgrade is a 13 MeV, 20 mA proton beam with duty factor more than 1%. At this power level it becomes increasingly important to make a proton beam that is uniformly distributed to prevent excessive thermal stress at the surface of the Be target. To achieve this goal two octupole magnets are being implemented in the LENS beam transport line. In this paper we discuss the experimental results of the beam intensity redistribution as well as some features inherent in tuning of the nonlinear beamline and our operational experience.

• P. M. McIntyre
  
• R. Romero, A. Sattarov
  Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas

A conceptual design is presented for the 50 Tesla superconducting solenoids that are required for an optimized fast cooling ring in current designs for multi-TeV muon colliders. The solenoid utilizes high-performance multi-filament Bi-2212/Ag round strand. The conductor is a cable-in-conduit consisting of six such strands cabled around a thin-wall spring tube then drawn within an outer sheath. The spring tube and the sheath are made from high-strength superalloy Inconel. The solenoid coil comprises 5 concentric shells supported independently in the conventional manner. Each shell consists of a winding of the structured cable, impregnated in the voids between cables but empty inside so that the spring tubes decouple stress so that it cannot strain-degrade the fragile strands, and a high-modulus overband. An expansion bladder is located between the winding and the overband, and is pressurized and then frozen to provide hydraulic compressive preload to each shell. This approach makes it possible to accommodate ~10 T field contribution from each shell without degradation, and provides distributed refrigeration so that heat is removed throughout the windings.

• I. Baek
  
• G. Bollen, M. Hausmann, D. Lawton, R. M. Ronningen, A. Zeller
  NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan

To support pre-conceptual research and development for rare isotope beam production via projectile fragmentation at the Rare-Isotope Accelerator facility or similar next-generation exotic beam facilities, the interactions between primary beams and beryllium and liquid-lithium production targets in the fragment pre-separator area were simulated using the Monte-Carlo radiation transport code PHITS. The purpose of this simulation is to determine the magnitude of the radiation fields in the pre-separator area so that levels of hadron flux and energy deposition can be obtained. It was of particular interest to estimate the maximum radiation doses to magnet coils and other components such as the electromagnetic pump for a liquid-lithium loop, and to estimate component lifetimes. We will show a detailed geometry of the pre-separator area developed for these simulations. We will provide verification that trajectories of beams and fragments when transported in the PHITS simulations agree with results from standard ion-optics calculations. We will present estimates of radiation doses to pre-separator components and give estimates for component lifetimes.

• M. A. Kostin
  
• L. Ahle, S. Reyes, K. L. Whittaker
  LLNL, Livermore, California
• I. Baek, V. Blideanu, G. Bollen, D. Lawton, R. M. Ronningen
  NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan
• T. Burgess, D. L. Conner, T. A. Gabriel, R. Remec
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
• D. J. Vieira
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico

• X. Wu
  
• G. Bollen, M. Doleans, T. L. Grimm, F. Marti, S. Schwarz, R. C. York, Q. Zhao
  NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan

Rare Isotope Beams (RIBs) are created at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) by the in-flight particle fragmentation method. A novel system is proposed to stop the RIBS in a helium filled gas system followed by reacceleration that will provide opportunities for an experimental program ranging from low-energy Coulomb excitation to transfer reaction studies of astrophysical reactions. The beam from the gas stopper will first be brought into a Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) charge breeder on a high voltage platform to increase its charge state and then accelerated initially up to about 3 MeV/u by a system consisting of an external multi-harmonic buncher and a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) followed a superconducting linac. The superconducting linac will use quarter-wave resonators with bopt of 0.047 and 0.085 for acceleration and superconducting solenoid magnets for transverse focusing. The paper will discuss the accelerator system design and present the end-to-end beam dynamics simulations.

• K. W. Jones
  
• J. L. Erickson, F. R. Gallegos
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico

At the core of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator lies an 800-MeV proton linac that drives user facilities for isotope production, proton radiography, ultra-cold neutrons, weapons neutron research and for various sciences using neutron scattering. LANSCE is in the planning phase of a refurbishment project that will sustain reliable facility operations well into the next decade. The general goals for LANSCE-R are to (1) preserve dependable operation of the linac and (2) increase the cost effectiveness of operations. Requirements can be met for overall beam intensity, availability, and reliability with long-term sustainability and minimal disruption to scheduled user programs. The baseline refurbishment project consists of replacing the 201 MHz RF systems, upgrading a substantial fraction of the 805 MHz RF systems, updating the control system, and replacing or improving a variety of diagnostics and accelerator subsystems. The plans for the various LANSCE-R improvements will be presented and the preliminary cost and schedule estimates will be discussed.

• A. V. Aleksandrov
  
• C. Deibele
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

The chopper system for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) provides a gap in the beam for clean extraction from the accumulator ring. It consists of a pre-chopper in the low energy beam transport and a faster chopper in the medium energy beam transport (MEBT). The original "meander line" design of the MEBT chopper deflector was successfully tested with low power beam during the SNS linac commissioning but turned out to be unsuitable for high power beam operation due to poor cooling of the copper strip line through the dielectric substrate. We developed a new deflecting structure, with higher deflection efficiency and with rise and fall time easily customizable to match the available high voltage pulse generator. In this paper we describe design, implementation and beam tests results of the new MEBT chopper deflector.

• A. V. Aleksandrov
  
• S. Assadi, W. Blokland, P. Chu, S. M. Cousineau, V. V. Danilov, C. Deibele, J. Galambos, S. Henderson, D.-O. Jeon, M. A. Plum, A. P. Shishlo, M. P. Stockli, Y. Zhang
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

The Spallation Neutron Source accelerator systems will deliver a 1.0 GeV, 1.4 MW proton beam to a liquid mercury target for neutron scattering research. The accelerator complex consists of an H^- injector, capable of producing one-ms-long pulses at 60 Hz repetition rate with 38 mA peak current, a 1 GeV linear accelerator, an accumulator ring and associated transport lines. The 2.5 MeV beam from the Front End is accelerated to 86 MeV in the Drift Tube Linac, then to 185 MeV in a Coupled-Cavity Linac and finally to 1 GeV in the Superconducting Linac. With the completion of beam commissioning, the accelerator complex began operation in June 2006 and beam power is being gradually ramped up toward the design goal. Operational experience with the injector and linac will be presented including chopper performance, transverse emittance evolution along the linac, and the results of a beam loss study.

• K. Gollwitzer
  

The Fermilab Tevatron Collider Run II program continues at the energy and luminosity frontier of high energy particle physics. The presentation will cover major improvements in the performance of the collider complex which lead to the record-breaking luminosity.

• A. A. Mikhailichenko
  

An undulator based positron source allows generation of polarized positrons in quantities required by ILC. Here we describe the results of modeling and testing of elements for such a system.

• P. N. Ni
  
• J. J. Barnard
  LLNL, Livermore, California
• F. M. Bieniosek, M. Leitner, B. G. Logan, R. More, P. K. Roy
  LBNL, Berkeley, California
• A. Fernengel, A. Menzel
  TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt
• A. Fertman, A. Golubev, B. Y. Sharkov, I. Turtikov
  ITEP, Moscow
• D. Hoffmann, A. Hug, N. A. Tahir, A. Udrea, D. Varentsov
  GSI, Darmstadt
• M. Kulish, D. Nikolaev, A. Ternovoy
  IPCP, Chernogolovka, Moscow region

• D. Sertore
  
• G. Ciovati, T. M. Rothgeb
  Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
• M. Fusetti, P. Michelato, C. Pagani
  INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
• T. Higo, J. H. Hong, K. Saito
  KEK, Ibaraki

• L. Shen
  
• Y. L. Chi, Q. M. Dai, X. W. Yang
  IHEP Beijing, Beijing

• M. Taborelli
  
• G. Arnau-Izquierdo, S. Calatroni, S. T. Heikkinen, T. Ramsvik, S. Sgobba, W. Wuensch
  CERN, Geneva

• C. W. Appelbee
  
• A. Daly
  STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• A. Seville
  STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon

• A. C. Dexter
  
• C. D. Beard, P. Goudket, A. Kalinin, L. Ma, P. A. McIntosh
  STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
• G. Burt, R. G. Carter, R. O. Jenkins, M. I. Tahir
  Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster

The ILC reference design report (RDR) recommends a 14 mrad crossing angle for the positron and electron beams at the IP. A matched pair of crab cavity systems are required in the beam delivery system to align both bunches at the IP. The use of a multi-cell, 3.9GHz dipole mode superconducting cavity, derived from the Fermilab CKM cavity. Dipole-mode cavities phased for crab rotation are shifted by 90 degrees with respect to similar cavities phased for deflection. Uncorrelated phase errors of 0.086 degrees (equivalent to 61fs) for the two cavity systems, gives an average of 180nm for the relative deflection of the bunch centers. For a horizontal bunch size of 655nm, a deflection of 180nm reduces the ILC luminosity by 2%. The crab cavity systems are to be placed ~28m apart and their synchronization to within 61fs is on the limit of what is presently achievable. This paper describes the design and testing of circuits and control algorithms under development at the Cockcroft Institute in the UK for proof of principle experiments planned on the ERLP at Daresbury and on the ILCTA test beamline at FNAL. Simulation results for measurement and control systems are also given.

• D. Cook
  
• J. Clare, P. W. Wheeler
  University of Nottingham, Nottingham
• J. S. Przybyla
  e2v, Essex

• G. Lanfranco
  
• G. Apollinari, I. G. Gonin, T. N. Khabiboulline, G. Romanov, R. L. Wagner
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
• A. Bosotti
  INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)

The High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) project represents the current effort at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory to produce an 8-GeV proton linac based on about 400 independently phased superconducting resonators. Eighteen β=0.21 single spoke resonators, operating at 325 MHz, comprise the first stage of the linac cold section. We are presenting the production status of the first two of these resonators and the performance of the tuning mechanism prototype. In particular, we will report on the construction phases, the pre-weld tuning process and the comparison of low power RF measurements with calculations made using Microwave Studio*.

* CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (CST MWS), http://www.cst.com/

• U. Mavric
  
• J. Branlard, B. Chase, E. Cullerton, D. W. Klepec
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

• S. P. Virostek
  
• M. D. Hoff, D. Li, J. W. Staples, R. P. Wells
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

A high-yield neutron source to screen sea-land cargo containers for shielded Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) has been designed at LBNL. The Accelerator-Driven Neutron Source (ADNS) utilizes the D(d,n)³He reaction to produce a forward directed neutron beam. Key components are a high-current radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator and a high-power neutron production target capable of delivering a neutron flux of >10⁷ n/(cm² s) at a distance of 2.5 m. The mechanical design and analysis of the four-module, bolt-together RFQ will be presented here. Operating at 200 MHz, the 5.1 m long RFQ will accelerate a 40 mA deuteron beam to 6 MeV. At a 5% duty factor, the time-average d+ beam current on target is 1.5 mA. Each of the 1.27 m long RFQ modules will consist of four solid OFHC copper vanes. A specially designed 3-D O-ring will be used to provide vacuum sealing between both the vanes and the modules. RF connections are made by means of canted coil spring contacts. Quadrupole mode stabilization is obtained with a series of 60 water-cooled pi-mode rods. A set of 80 evenly spaced fixed slug tuners is used for final frequency adjustment and local field perturbation correction.

• H. Padamsee
  
• B. Ashmanskas
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
• M. D. Cole, A. J. Favale, J. Rathke
  AES, Princeton, New Jersey
• A. C. Crawford
  CLASSE, Ithaca

We have recently upgraded our chemical treatment, high pressure rinsing systems and low temperature RF testing system to prepare and test 9-cell cavities for ILC. After removal of 120 um by BCP we reached 26 MV/m accelerating field limited by the high-field Q-slope. There was no quench and no field emission, showing that our facilities are well qualified. We have also extended our vertical electropolishing system to 9-cell cavities. Previously we have successfully used vertical electropolishing for one-cell cavities of the re-entrant shape to reach 47 MV/m accelerating. Test results on 9-cell electropolished cavities will be presented. AES has manufactured the first 9-cell cavity with re-entrant cell shapes. The surface magnetic field is 10% lower than for the standard TESLA-shape cavity. Half-cells were electropolished 100 um before welding. We will present results on the first tests of the 9-cell re-entrant cavity.

• C. Ekdahl
  
• E. O. Abeyta, P. Aragon, R. Archuleta, R. Bartsch, D. Dalmas, S. Eversole, R. J. Gallegos, J. Harrison, E. Jacquez, J. Johnson, B. T. McCuistian, N. Montoya, S. Nath, D. Oro, L. J. Rowton, M. Sanchez, R. D. Scarpetti, M. Schauer, G. J. Seitz
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• H. Bender, W. Broste, C. Carlson, D. Frayer, D. Johnson, A. Tipton, C.-Y. Tom
  NSTec, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• M. E. Schulze
  SAIC, Los Alamos, New Mexico

• K. Nielsen
  
• J. Barraza, M. Kang
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• F. M. Bieniosek, K. Chow, W. M. Fawley, E. Henestroza, L. R. Reginato, W. L. Waldron
  LBNL, Berkeley, California
• R. J. Briggs, B. A. Prichard
  SAIC, Alamo, California
• T. E. Genoni, T. P. Hughes
  Voss Scientific, Albuquerque, New Mexico

• M. A. Drury
  
• E. Daly, G. K. Davis, J. F. Fischer, C. Grenoble, W. R. Hicks, J. Hogan, K. King, R. Nichols, T. E. Plawski, J. P. Preble, T. M. Rothgeb, H. Wang
  Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia

The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility has begun a cryomodule refurbishment project. The goal of this project is robust 6 GeV, 5 pass operation of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). The scope of the project includes removing, refurbishing and replacing 10 CEBAF cryomodules at a rate of three per year. Refurbishment includes reprocessing of SRF cavities to eliminate field emission and increase the nominal gradient from the original 5 MV/m to 12.5 MV/m. New "dogleg" couplers between the cavity and helium vessel flanges will intercept secondary electrons that produce arcing on the 2 K ceramic window in the Fundamental Power Coupler (FPC). Modification of the Qext of the FPC will allow higher gradient operations. Other changes include new ceramic RF windows for the air to vacuum interface of the FPC and improvements to the mechanical tuners. Any damaged or worn components will be replaced as well. Currently, the first of the refurbished cryomodules has been installed and tested both in the Cryomodule Test Facility and in place in the North Linac of CEBAF. This paper will summarize the results of these tests.

• B. M. Hegelich
  

• M. A. Plum
  

The Spallation Neutron Source accelerator complex consists of a 2.5 MeV H^- front-end injector system, a 186 MeV normal-conducting linear accelerator, a 1 GeV superconducting linear accelerator, an accumulator ring, and associated beam transport lines. The linac was commissioned in five discrete runs, starting in 2002 and completed in 2005. The accumulator ring and associated beam transport lines were commissioned in two runs in February and April 2006. With the completed commissioning of the SNS accelerator, the facility has begun initial low-power operations. In the course of beam commissioning, most beam performance parameters and beam intensity goals have been achieved at low duty factor. A number of beam dynamics measurements have been performed, including emittance evolution, transverse coupling in the ring, beam instability thresholds, and beam distributions on the target. The commissioning results, achieved beam performance and initial operating experience of the SNS will be presented.

• A. Bogdanov
  
• V. Anferov, M. Ball, D. V. Baxter, V. P. Derenchuk, A. V. Klyachko, T. Rinckel, P. E. Sokol, K. A. Solberg
  IUCF, Bloomington, Indiana

A Low Energy Neutron Source at Indiana University provides cold neutrons for material research and neutron physics as well as neutrons in the MeV energy range for the neutron radiation effects studies. Neutrons are being produced by a 7 MeV proton beam incident on a Beryllium target. Presently, the Proton Delivery System has been routinely running at 7 MeV, 8 mA and with up to 0.5% duty factor. The RF system of the accelerator is currently being upgraded by replacing 350 kW 425 MHz 12 tube amplifiers with two Litton 5773 klystron RF tubes capable of running at 425 MHz and 1 MW. A new DTL section will be added to increase proton beam energy from 7 to 13 MeV. A 3 MeV RFQ and 13 MeV DTL will be powered by the klystrons. The expected output is 20 mA and 13 MeV of proton current at more than 1% duty factor. Other upgrades include construction of the 2nd beamline, which copies the 1st line, and a new target station for the production of cold neutrons. In this contribution we discuss the results of the commissioning of the new DTL accelerator, new RF system and 2nd beamline. The future plans will also be outlined.

• M. E. Schulze
  
• E. O. Abeyta, P. Aragon, R. Archuleta, J. Barraza, D. Dalmas, C. Ekdahl, K. Esquibel, S. Eversole, R. J. Gallegos, J. Harrison, E. Jacquez, J. Johnson, P. S. Marroquin, B. T. McCuistian, N. Montoya, S. Nath, L. J. Rowton, R. D. Scarpetti, M. Schauer
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• R. Anaya, G. J. Caporaso, F. W. Chambers, Y.-J. Chen, S. Falabella, G. Guethlein, J. F. McCarrick, B. A. Raymond, R. A. Richardson, J. A. Watson, J. T. Weir
  LLNL, Livermore, California
• H. Bender, W. Broste, C. Carlson, D. Frayer, D. Johnson, A. Tipton, C.-Y. Tom
  NSTec, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• T. C. Genoni, T. P. Hughes, C. H. Thoma
  Voss Scientific, Albuquerque, New Mexico

• V. E. Scarpine
  
• A. H. Lumpkin
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois
• G. R. Tassotto
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

An Optical Transition Radiation (OTR) detector has been installed in the Fermilab NuMI proton beamline, which operates at beam powers of up to ~300 kW, to obtain real-time, spill-by-spill beam profiles for neutrino production. A series of Optical Transition Radiation (OTR) detectors were design, constructed and installed in various beamlines at Fermilab and previous near-field OTR images of lower-intensity 120 GeV and 150 GeV protons with larger transverse beam size have been presented at BIW06 and IEEE NSS06. NuMI OTR images of 120 GeV protons for beam intensities up to 2.8·10¹³ at a spill rate of 0.5 Hz and small transverse beam size of ~1 mm (σ) are presented here. The NuMI OTR detector uses a 6 micron Kapton foil with 0.12 micron of aluminum which reduces beam scatter by 70% compared to an adjacent Secondary Emission Monitor (SEM). Beam profiles are extracted from the OTR images and compared to the adjacent SEM. The OTR detector provides two-dimensional beam shape such as ellipticity and tilt, as well as complementary beam centroid and beam intensity information. In addition, response of the OTR detector over different intensities and transverse positions is presented.

• W. Blokland
  
• J. G. Patton, T. A. Pelaia, T. R. Pennisi, J. D. Purcell, M. Sundaram
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator systems are ramping up to deliver a 1.0 GeV, 1.4 MW proton beam to a liquid mercury target for neutron scattering research. Enhancements or additions have been made to several diagnostics instruments to support the ramp up in intensity, improve reliability, and/or add functionality. The Beam Current Monitors now support increased rep rates, the Harp system now includes charge density calculations for the target, and a new system has been created to collect data for the beam accounting and present the data over the web and to the operator consoles. Many of the instruments are PC-based and a way to manage their instrument configuration files through the Oracle database has been implemented. A new version for the wire scanner software has been developed and is under test. This paper also includes data from the various instruments.

• M. Wilcox
  

• A. Ushakov
  
• S. Riemann, A. Schaelicke
  DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen

A positron source based on a helical undulator system is planned to be used for the future International Linear Collider (ILC). Depending on the accelerator design it will be possible to get polarized positrons at the interaction point. A source performance with high positron yield and high polarization is the aim of our design studies. We focus on the optimization of target and capture section using several simulation codes. FLUKA is a suitable tool to calculate the positron yield, heat deposition, neutron generation and induced activity of source parts. The ASTRA code is used to calculate positron capture efficiency into the optical matching device. The new release of Geant4 includes the spin dependence of all QED processes and allows to perform a helicity-dependent tracking of particles through target and capture section. Starting with a cross-check, the synergy of these three codes allowed to specify the the parameters of a polarized positron source.

• U. Emanuele, U. Emanuele, A. Italiano
  INFN - Gruppo Messina, S. Agata, Messina
• L. Auditore, R. C. Barna, D. De Pasquale, D. Loria, A. Trifiro, M. Trimarchi
  Universita di Messina, Messina

• L. Auditore, L. Auditore, R. C. Barna, D. De Pasquale, D. Loria, A. Trifiro, M. Trimarchi
  Universita di Messina, Messina
• U. Emanuele, A. Italiano
  INFN - Gruppo Messina, S. Agata, Messina

• T. Suwada
  
• R. Chehab
  IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne
• K. Furukawa, T. Kamitani, H. Okuno, M. Satoh, T. Sugimura, K. Umemori
  KEK, Ibaraki
• R. Hamatsu, T. Haruna, T. Sumiyoshi
  TMU, Hatioji-shi, Tokyo
• A. Potylitsyn
  INPR, Tomsk
• I. S. Tropin
  TPU, Tomsk
• K. Yoshida
  SAGA, Tosu

A new tungsten single-crystalline positron target has been successfully employed for generation of the intense positron beam at the KEKB injector linac in September 2006. The target is composed of a tungsten single-crystal with a thickness of 10.5 mm. The positron production target is bombarded at an incident electron energy of 4 GeV, and the produced positrons are collected and accelerated up to the final injection energy of 3.5 GeV in the succeeding sections. A conventional tungsten plate with a thickness of 14 mm has been used previously, and the conversion efficiency (Ne⁺/Ne^-), the ratio between the number of positrons (Ne⁺) captured in the positron capture section and the number of the incident electrons (Ne^-), was 0.20 on average. By replacing the tungsten plate with the tungsten crystal, it increased to 0.25 on average. The increase of the conversion efficiency has boosted the positron intensity to its maximum since the beginning of KEKB operation in 1999. Now this new positron source is stably operating and is contributing to increasing the integrated luminosity of the KEKB B-factory.

• T. Natsui
  
• M. Akemoto, S. Fukuda, T. Higo, N. Kudoh, T. T. Takatomi, M. Yoshida
  KEK, Ibaraki
• K. Dobashi, M. Uesaka, T. Yamamoto
  UTNL, Ibaraki
• F. Sakamoto, A. Sakumi
  The University of Tokyo, Nuclear Professional School, Ibaraki-ken
• E. Tanabe
  AET Japan, Inc., Kawasaki-City

• J.-L. Fernandez-Hernando
  
• G. A. Blair, S. T. Boogert
  Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey
• G. Ellwood, R. J.S. Greenhalgh
  STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• L. Keller
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• N. K. Watson
  Birmingham University, Birmingham

• S. P. Antipov
  
• W. Gai, W. Liu
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois
• L. K. Spentzouris
  Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois

For an ILC undulator-based positron source target configuration, a strong optical matching device (OMD) field is needed inside the target to increase the positron yield (by more than 40%)[1]. It is also required that the positron target is constantly rotated to reduce thermal and radiation damage. We report on a simulation of the rotating metal target wheel under a strong magnetic field. By rearranging Maxwell?s equations for a rotating frame and using FEMLAB, we have solved the detailed magnetic field distribution and eddy current of a rotating metal disk in magnetic field, and so the required power to drive the target wheel. In order to validate the simulation process, we have compared our results with previous experimental data [2] and found they are in very good agreement, but differ from previous approximate models [3]. Here we give detailed results on the proposed ILC target system, such as induced magnetic field (dipole and higher orders), eddy current distribution and the driving force requirements. The effect of these higher order fields on the positron beam dynamics is also considered.

• I. Konkashbaev
  
• P. F. Fisher, A. Hassanein
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois
• N. V. Mokhov
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

• W. Liu
  
• W. Gai, K.-J. Kim
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

• J. Long
  
• S. Chemerisov, W. Gai, C. D. Jonah, W. Liu, H. Wang
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

• H. Wang
  
• W. Gai, W. Liu
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois
• A. Kanareykin
  Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio
• T. Wong
  Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois

* H. Brechna, D. A. Hill and B. M. Bally, "150 KOe Liquid Nitrogen Cooled Flux Concentrator Magnet", Rev. Sci. Instr., 36 1529,1965.

• M. A.C. Cummings
  
• C. M. Ankenbrandt, K. Yonehara
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
• R. P. Johnson
  Muons, Inc, Batavia

The study of rare processes using stopping muon beams provides access to new physics that cannot be addressed at energy frontier machines. The flux of muons into a small stopping target is limited by the kinematics of the production process and by stochastic processes in the material used to slow the particles. Innovative muon beam cooling techniques are being applied to the design of stopping muon beams in order to increase the event rates in such experiments. Such intense stopping beams will also aid the development of applications such as muon spin resonance and muon-catalyzed fusion.

• A. Jansson
  
• V. Balbekov, D. R. Broemmelsiek, M. Hu, N. V. Mokhov, K. Yonehara
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

Within the framework of the Fermilab Muon Collider Task Force, the possibility of developing a dedicated muon test beam for cooling experiments has been investigated. Cooling experiments can be performed in a very low intensity muon beam by tracking single particles through the cooling device. With sufficient muon intensity and large enough cooling decrement, a cooling demonstration experiment may also be performed without resolving single particle trajectories, but rather by measuring the average size and position of the beam. This allows simpler, and thus cheaper, detectors and readout electronics to be used. This paper discusses muon production using 400MeV protons from the linac, decay channel and beamline design, as well as the instrumentation required for such an experiment, in particular as applied to testing the Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) proposed by Muons Inc.

• D. V. Neuffer
  
• R. P. Johnson
  Muons, Inc, Batavia
• C. Y. Yoshikawa
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

Common to various front end designs for a muon collider or neutrino factory are costly low frequency RF cavities used to bunch muons. In this paper we show that adding higher harmonic RF cavities to the bunching section of a muon capture channel can provide as good or better bunching efficiency than the case where only the fundamental is used. Since higher harmonic cavities are less expensive to build and operate, this approach implies significant cost savings.

• M. S. Zisman
  

An international experiment to demonstrate muon ionization cooling is scheduled for beam at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in 2007. The experiment comprises one cell of the Study II cooling channel*, along with upstream and downstream detectors to identify individual muons and measure their initial and final 6D phase-space parameters to a precision of 0.1%. Magnetic design of the beam line and cooling channel are complete and portions are under construction. The experiment will be described, including hardware designs, fabrication status, and running plans. Phase 1 of the experiment will prepare the beam line and provide detector systems, including time-of-flight, Cherenkov, scintillating-fiber trackers and the spectrometer solenoids, and an electromagnetic calorimeter. The Phase 2 system will add the cooling channel components, including liquid-hydrogen absorbers embedded in superconducting focus solenoids, 201-MHz normal-conducting RF cavities, and their surrounding coupling coil solenoids. The MICE Collaboration goal is to complete the experiment by 2010; progress toward this goal will be indicated. The supporting R&D program and its present results will also be described.

*S. Ozaki, R. Palmer, M. Zisman, and J. Gallardo (eds.), "Feasibility Study II of a Muon-based Neutrino Source," BNL-52623, 2001; http://www.cap.bnl.gov/mumu/studyii/final_draft/The-Report.pdf.

• A. A. Mikhailichenko
  

We are considering the implementation of a Lithium lens and SC solenoidal lens for collection of positrons in ILC undulator-based source. Such a lens installed right after the thin target, which is illuminated by gamma quants from helical undulator.

• B. Rusnak
  
• P. Fitsos, M. Hall, M. Jong, R. Souza
  LLNL, Livermore, California

As part of the ongoing development of fast neutron imaging technology for national secu-rity applications at LLNL, a large-format imaging optics system has been designed and built. The system will be used to acquire radiographic images of heavily-shielded low-Z objects irradiated by ~ 10 MeV neutrons and is expected to have an ultimate spatial resolution ~ 1 mm (FWHM). It is comprised of a 65 cm x 65 cm plastic scintillator (e.g. BC-408), an aluminized front-surface turning mirror and a fast (~ f/1.25) optical lens coupled to a CCD camera body with a cryo-cooled, back-illuminated 4096 x 4096 (15 micron) pixel sensor. The lens and camera were developed and purchased from vendors and system integration was done at LLNL. A description of the overall system and its initial performance characteristics shall be presented.

• H. M. Miyadera
  
• A. J. Jason
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• K. Nagamine
  UCR, Riverside, California

• Y. Fukui
  
• D. B. Cline, A. A. Garren
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California
• H. G. Kirk
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

• P. Muggli
  
• E. K. Kallos, T. C. Katsouleas
  USC, Los Angeles, California
• W. D. Kimura
  STI, Washington
• K. Kusche, P. I. Pavlishin, D. Stolyarov, V. Yakimenko
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

Two ~100 fs electron bunches, separated in energy by approximately 1.8 MeV and in time by 0.5-1 ps, were sent through a capillary discharge plasma. The plasma density was varied from ~1·10¹⁴/cc to ~1·10¹⁷/cc. A 2-D PWFA model indicates the net wakefield produced by the bunches will depend on their relative charge, temporal separation, and the plasma density. This will affect the amount of energy gain or loss of the second bunch. During measurements of the energy spectrum of the second bunch, we observed a difference in the amount of gain or loss depending on the plasma density, which is consistent with the model prediction.

• X. Wang
  
• R. Ischebeck
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• C. Joshi
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California
• T. C. Katsouleas, P. Muggli
  USC, Los Angeles, California

A new approach for positron acceleration in non-linear plasma wakefields driven by electron beams is presented. Positrons can be produced by colliding an electron beam with a thin foil target embedded in the plasma. Integration of positron production and acceleration in one stage is realized by a single relativistic, intense electron beam. Simulations with the parameters of the proposed SABER facility at SLAC suggest that this concept could be tested there.

• F. Zhou
  
• Y. K. Batygin, Y. Nosochkov, J. Sheppard, M. Woodley
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• W. Liu
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

Undulator-based positron source is adopted as the International Linear Collider baseline design. Complete optics to transport the positron beam having large angular divergence and large energy spread from a thin Ti target to the entrance of the 5 GeV damping ring injection line is developed. Start-to-end multi-particle tracking through the beamline is performed including the optical matching device, capture accelerator system, transport system, superconducting booster linac, spin rotators, and energy compressor. Positron capture efficiency of different schemes (immersed vs shielded target, and flux concentrator vs quarter wave transformation for the optics matching system) is compared. For the scheme of a shielded target and quarter wave transformation, the simulation shows that 15.1% of the positrons from the target are captured within the damping ring 6-D acceptance at the entrance of the damping ring injection line.

• S. Golge
  
• A. Freyberger
  Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
• C. Hyde-Wright
  ODU, Norfolk, Virginia

A positron source for the 6 GeV (or the proposed 12 GeV upgrade) recirculating linacs at Jefferson Lab is presented. The proposed 100nA CW positron source has several unique characteristics; high incident beam power (100kW), 10 MeV incident electron beam energy, CW incident beam and CW production. Positron production with 10 MeV electrons has several advantages; the energy is below neutron threshold so the production target will not become activated during use and the absolute energy spread is bounded by the low incident energy. These advantages are offset by the large angular distribution of the outgoing positrons. Results of simulations of the positron production, capture, acceleration and injection into the recirculating linac are presented. Energy flow and thermal management of the production target present a challenge and are included in the simulations.

• V. B. Graves
  
• A. J. Carroll, P. T. Spampinato
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
• I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Fabich
  CERN, Geneva
• H. G. Kirk, H. Park, T. Tsang
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• K. T. McDonald
  PU, Princeton, New Jersey
• P. Titus
  MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts

The design and operational testing of a mercury jet delivery system is presented. The equipment is part of the Mercury Intense Target (MERIT) Experiment, which is a proof-of-principle experiment to be conducted at CERN in the summer of 2007 to determine the feasibility of using an unconstrained jet of mercury as a target in a Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider. The Hg system is capable of producing a 1 cm diameter, 20 m/s jet of Hg inside a high-field solenoid magnet. A high-speed optical diagnostic system allows observation of the interaction of the jet with a 24 GeV proton beam. Performance of the Hg system will be presented, along with results of integrated systems testing without a beam.

• C.-J. Jing
  
• M. E. Conde, W. Gai, J. G. Power, Z. M. Yusof
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois
• A. Kanareykin, P. Schoessow
  Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio

Based on our previous experiment that successfully demonstrated wakefield transformer ratio enhancement in a 13.625 GHz dielectric-loaded collinear wakefield accelerator using the ramped bunch train technique, we present here a redesigned experimental scheme for even higher enhancement of the efficiency of this accelerator. Design of a collinear wakefield device with a transformer ratio R>>2, is presented. Using a ramped bunch train (RBT) rather than a single drive bunch, the enhanced transformer ratio (ETR) technique is able to increase the transformer ratio R above the ordinary limit of 2. To match the wavelength of the fundamental mode of the wakefield with the bunch length (σz=2 mm) of the new Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) drive gun, where the experiment will be performed, a 26.625 GHz dielectric based accelerating structure is required. This transformer ratio enhancement technique based on our dielectric-loaded waveguide design will result in a compact, high efficiency accelerating structure for future wakefield accelerators.

• A. Hershcovitch
  
• M. Diwan, J. C. Gallardo, B. M. Johnson, H. G. Kirk, W.-T. Weng
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• E. Garate, A. van Drie
  University of California IIrvine, Irvine, California
• S. A. Kahn
  Muons, Inc, Batavia
• N. Rostoker
  UCI, Irvine, California

Plasma lens concept is examined as an alternative to focusing horns and solenoids for a neutrino beam facility. The concept is based on a combined high-current lens/target configuration. Current is fed at an electrode located downstream from the beginning of the target where pion capturing is needed. Some of the current flows through the target, while the rest is carried by plasma outside the target. A second plasma lens section, with an additional current feed, follows the target. Plasma of this section is immersed in a solenoidal magnetic field to facilitate its current profile shaping to optimize pion capture. Simulation of the second section alone yielded a 10% higher neutrino production than the horn system. Plasma lenses have additional advantages: larger axial currents, high signal purity: minimal neutrino background in anti-neutrino runs. Lens medium consists of plasma, consequently, particle absorption and scattering is negligible. Withstanding high mechanical and thermal stresses is not an issue. Results of capturing and focusing obtained for various plasma lens configurations will be presented.

• Y. Tang
  
• C. Ekdahl
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• T. C. Genoni, T. P. Hughes
  Voss Scientific, Albuquerque, New Mexico
• M. E. Schulze
  SAIC, Los Alamos, New Mexico

The ion-hose instability sets limits on the allowable vacuum in the DARHT-2 linear induction accelerator (2kA, 18.6MeV, 2μs). Lamda is a transport code which advances the beam centroid and envelope in a linear induction accelerator from the injector to the final focus region. The code computes the effect of magnet misalignments, beam breakup instability, image-displacement instability, and gap voltage fluctuation on the beam. In this work, we have implemented the Spread Mass (SM) model of ion-hose instability into Lamda so that we can examine quickly the operating parameters for the experiments. Unlike the ordinary SM ion-hose code which assumes the uniform axial magnetic field, Lamda ion-hose calculation includes varying axial magnetic field, accelerating beam, gas pressure file, varying beam radius and elliptical beam. The benchmarks against a semi-analytical SM code and the particle-in-cell code Lsp, and a prediction of ion-hose instability for a 2.5MeV-1.4kA beam in the DARHT-2 are presented.

• C. H. Thoma
  
• T. P. Hughes
  Voss Scientific, Albuquerque, New Mexico

• L. L. Bandura
  
• B. Erdelyi
  Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois
• J. A. Nolen
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

An exotic beam facility for the production of rare isotopes requires investigation of higher order optical effects, while taking into account beam-material interactions. An important component of the fragment separator is the absorber wedge, which is necessary for isotope separation. The properties of the absorber, such as the type and shape of material used, determine the resolution and transmission of the fragment separator. Nuclear reactions such as the fission and fragmentation of radioactive isotopes within the target or absorber contribute to the phase space and isotopic distributions of the beam. We have computed these distributions for all isotopes emerging from the target or absorber by implementing a limited fission model from within COSY Infinity that uses polynomial interpolations. Higher order optical aberrations have been computed and successfully eliminated by the shaping of the absorber material. COSY allows us to find the parameters of the absorber that maximize the resolution and transmission of the fragment separator. In addition, beam purity tests have been performed. From our results we have determined an appropriate location for a dump of the primary beam.

• T. J. Roberts
  
• D. M. Kaplan
  Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois

G4beamline is a single-particle simulation program optimized for the design and evaluation of beam lines. It is based on the Geant4 toolkit, and can implement accurate and realistic simulations of particle transport in both EM fields and in matter. This makes it particularly well suited for studies of muon collider and neutrino factory design concepts. G4beamline includes a rich repertoire of beamline elements and is intended to be used directly without C++ programming by accelerator physicists. The program has been enhanced to handle a larger class of beamline and detector systems, and to run on Linux, Windows, and Macintosh platforms.

• P. K. Roy
  
• J. J. Barnard, A. W. Molvik
  LLNL, Livermore, California
• F. M. Bieniosek, J. E. Coleman, J.-Y. Jung, M. Leitner, B. G. Logan, P. A. Seidl, W. L. Waldron
  LBNL, Berkeley, California
• R. C. Davidson, P. Efthimion, E. P. Gilson, A. B. Sefkow
  PPPL, Princeton, New Jersey
• J. A. Duersch, D. Ogata
  UCB, Berkeley, California
• D. R. Welch
  Voss Scientific, Albuquerque, New Mexico

This work was supported by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, W-7405-Eng-48, DE-AC02-76CH3073 for HIFS-VNL.

• D. R. Dechow
  
• D. T. Abell, P. Stoltz
  Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado
• J. F. Amundson
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
• L. Curfman McInnes, B. Norris
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

A component-based beam dynamics application for modeling collective effects in particle accelerators has been developed. The Common Component Architecture (CCA) software infrastructure was used to compose a new Python-steered accelerator simulation from a set of services provided by two separate beam dynamics packages (Synergia and MaryLie/Impact) and two high-performance computer science packages (PETSc and FFTW). The development of the proof-of-concept application was accomplished via the following tasks:

1. addressing multilanguage interoperability in the MaryLie/Impact code with Babel;
2. creating components by making the selected software objects adhere to the Common Component Architecture protocol;
3. assemblying the components with a newly developed, Component Builder gui; and
4. characterizing the performance of the space charge (Poisson) solver that was originally used in Synergia 1.0 versus the PETSc-based space charge solver that has been developed for Synergia2.

• B. Erdelyi
  
• L. L. Bandura
  Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois
• S. L. Manikonda, J. A. Nolen
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

An Exotic Beam Facility is one of the highest priority projects in the DOE 20-year plan and a major strategic initiative for Argonne. The main components of the facility are a high-power multi-beam superconducting heavy-ion accelerator, a production complex, and finally a high-efficiency post-accelerator. This talk revolves around new approaches to heavy-ion beam dynamics for the central part, the Fragment Separators. To this end, it will summmarize the theories developed, software written, and simulations done that lead to better understanding of basic beam dynamics, more insight towards the best design choices, and optimization of the system?s parameters, including the integrated beam optics-nuclear physics approach.

• G. H. Gillespie
  
• W. Hill
  G. H. Gillespie Associates, Inc., Del Mar, California

The Particle Beam Optics Laboratory, or PBO Lab, is a suite of software applications developed to support beamline design, accelerator operations, and personnel training. The software provides an intuitive and easy-to-use graphic user interface (GUI) that works with a variety of particle optics codes. The PBO Lab GUI is largely responsible for the popularity of this software suite, which is now used at more than ninety institutions throughout the world. While PBO Lab greatly improves the human-machine interface for several popular optics programs, it has historically required a significant effort to incorporate additional optics codes into the software suite. The Open Architecture Software Integration System, or OASIS, provides an innovative framework that allows users to readily integrate their own optics programs into PBO Lab. This paper provides an overview of the OASIS framework and describes some of the new PBO Lab Modules that have been created using OASIS.

• W. M. Sharp
  
• R. H. Cohen, A. Friedman, D. P. Grote, A. W. Molvik
  LLNL, Livermore, California
• J. E. Coleman, P. K. Roy, P. A. Seidl, J.-L. Vay
  LBNL, Berkeley, California
• I. Haber
  UMD, College Park, Maryland

Contamination from electrons is a concern for solenoid-focused ion accelerators being developed for experiments in high-energy-density physics (HEDP). These electrons, produced directly by beam ions hitting lattice elements or indirectly by ionization of desorbed neutral gas, can potentially alter the beam dynamics, leading to a time-varying focal spot, increased emittance, halo, and possibly electron-ion instabilities. The electrostatic particle-in-cell code WARP is used to simulate electron-cloud studies on the solenoid-transport experiment (STX) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. We present self-consistent simulations of several STX configurations to show the evolution of the electron and ion-beam distributions first in idealized 2-D solenoid fields and then in the 3-D field values obtained from probes. Comparisons are made with experimental data, and several techniques to mitigate electron effects are demonstrated numerically.

• A. Shnidman
  
• R. C. Davidson, I. Kaganovich
  PPPL, Princeton, New Jersey

Evaluation of ion-atom charge-changing cross sections is needed for many accelerator applications. The validity of the classical trajectory approximation has been studied by comparing the results of simulations with available experimental data and full quantum-mechanical calculations [1]. Additionally, a theoretical criterion has been developed for the validity of the classical trajectory approximation [2]. For benchmarking purposes, a Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo simulation (CTMC) is used to calculate ionization and charge exchange cross sections for most simple, hydrogen and helium targets in collisions with various ions. The calculated cross sections compare favorably with the experimental results for projectile velocities near the projectile velocity corresponding to the maximum of cross section as a function of projectile velocity. At higher or lower velocities, quantum-mechanical effects become more significant and the CTMC results agree less well with the experimental values of the cross sections.

[1] I. D. Kaganovich, et al., , New Journal of Physics 8, 278 (2006).
[2] Igor D. Kaganovich, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Methods A 544, 91(2005).

• N. Tsoupas
  
• L. Ahrens, K. A. Brown, I.-H. Chiang, C. J. Gardner, W. W. MacKay, P. H. Pile, A. Rusek
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

Uniform irradiation of biological or material samples with charged particle beams is desired by experimentalist because it reduces radiation-dose-errors which are introduced by a non-uniform irradiation of the samples. In this paper we present results of uniform beams produced in the NASA SPACE RADIATION LABORATORY (NSRL) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) by a method which was conceived theoretically and tested experimentally at BNL. This method* of producing uniform beams in the transverse beam direction, is based on purely magnetic focusing of the beam and requires no collimation of the beam or any other type of beam interaction with materials. The method is favorably compared with alternative methods** of producing uniform beam distributions normal to the beam direction and can be applied to the whole energy spectrum of the charged particle beams that are delivered by the Booster synchrotron at BNL.

*Uniform Particle Beam Distribution Produced by Octupole Focusing N. Tsoupas et. al. NSE: 126, 71-79 (1997)
**Review of Ion Beam Therapy: Present and Future J. Alonso LBNL EPAC 2000

• M. Okamura
  
• A. Kondrashev
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

Laser beams have been widely used in the accelerator field for various applications. Here, we focus on ion beam production usage as an ion source. The laser ion source (LIS) already has about thirty years history and was developed for providing pulsed beam to synchrotrons. Since 2000 we have concentrated on the use of the high brightness of induced laser plasma to provide intense highly charged ions efficiently. To take advantage of the intrinsic density of the plasma, Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS) has been developed. The induced laser plasma has initial expanding velocity and can be delivered directly to the RFQ. The presentation will discuss general features of the laser ion sources and advantages of the DPIS.

• T. Kobayashi
  

• E. Chiadroni
  
• M. Castellano
  INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
• A. Cianchi
  INFN-Roma II, Roma
• K. Honkavaara
  Uni HH, Hamburg
• G. Kube
  DESY, Hamburg
• V. M. Merlo, F. Stella
  Universita di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma

The characterization of the transverse phase space for high charge density and high energy electron beams is a fundamental requirement in many particle accelerator facilities, since knowledge of the characteristics of the accelerated beams is of great importance for the successful development of the next generation light sources and linear colliders. The development of suitable beam diagnostics, non-invasive and non-intercepting, is therefore necessary to measure the properties of such beams. Optical Diffraction Radiation (ODR) is considered the most promise candidate, as testified by the interest of many laboratories all around the world. An experiment based on the detection of ODR has been set up at DESY FLASH Facility to measure the electron beam transverse parameters. The radiation is emitted by a 700 MeV-energy electron beam passing through a slit of 0.5 mm or 1 mm aperture depending on the beam size. The slit is opened by chemical etching on a screen made of aluminum deposited on a silicon substrate. Radiation is then detected by a air-cooled high sensitivity CCD camera. The status of the experiment and preliminary results are reported.

• T. Fujita
  
• S. Sasaki, M. Shoji, T. Takashima
  JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken

• D. Xiang
  
• W.-H. Huang
  TUB, Beijing

* Dao Xiang and Wen-Hui Huang, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B, 254 (2007) 165.** Dao Xiang and Wen-Hui Huang, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. A, 570 (2007) 357.*** Dao Xiang and Wen-Hui Huang, Phys. Rev. ST-AB, 10 (2007) 012801.

• A. Boccardi
  
• M. Gasior, O. R. Jones, K. K. Kasinski, R. J. Steinhagen
  CERN, Geneva

• M. R.W. North
  

• G. Decker
  
• P. K. Den Hartog, O. Singh
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois
• G. Rosenbaum
  UGA, Athens, Georgia

Long-term pointing stability at synchrotron light sources using conventional rf-based particle beam position monitoring is limited by the mechanical stability of the pickup electrode assembly. Photoemission-based photon beam position monitors for insertion device beams suffer from stray radiation backgrounds and other gap-dependent systematic errors. To achieve the goal of 500-nanoradian peak-to-peak pointing stability over a one-week period, the development of a photon beam position detector sensitive only to hard x-rays (> several keV) using copper x-ray fluorescence has been initiated. Initial results and future plans are presented.

• A. H. Lumpkin
  
• V. E. Scarpine, G. R. Tassotto
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

We have successfully imaged for the first time the angular distribution patterns of optical transition radiation (OTR) generated by 120-GeV proton beams passing through an Al metal plane. These experiments were performed at FNAL with the same chamber, foil, and camera design as with the near-field experiments previously reported. In this case the lens-to-CID-chip separation was remotely adjusted to provide the focus-at-infinity, or far-field optical imaging. The ~8-mrad opening angle of OTR patterns confirm/provide the calibration factors for the system. We also used linear polarizers to select the orthogonal polarization components of the radially polarized OTR. The OTR angular distribution results are compared to an existing analytical model. We show angle pointing information is available from the single-foil OTR data at the sub-mrad level and divergence information at about the 1-mrad level. Data have been obtained in transport lines both before the antiproton production target and before the NuMI target with particle intensities of about 5 to 22 x ·10¹². A two-foil interferometer calculation was also performed. Single-foil experimental and modeling results will be presented.

• A. H. Lumpkin
  
• P. Evtushenko, A. Freyberger
  Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
• C. Liu
  PKU/IHIP, Beijing

We have evaluated the feasibility of using the optical diffraction radiation (ODR) generated as a 1- to 6-GeV CW electron beam passes nearby the edge of a single metal conducting plane as a nonintercepting (NI) relative beam size monitor for CEBAF. Previous experiments were successfully done using near-field imaging on the lower-current, 7-GeV beam at APS, and an analytical model was developed for near-field imaging. Calculations from this model indicate sufficient beam-size sensitivity in the ODR profiles for beam sizes in the 30-50 micron regime as found in the transport lines of CEBAF before the experimental targets. With anticipated beam currents of 100 microamps, the ODR signal from the charge integrated over the video field time should be ~500 times larger than in the APS case. These signal strengths will allow a series of experiments to be done on beam energy dependencies, impact parameters, polarization effects, and wavelength effects that should further elucidate the working regime of this technique and test the model. Plans for the diagnostics station that will also provide reference optical transition radiation (OTR) images will also be described.

• W. Berg
  
• L. Erwin, S. E. Shoaf, B. X. Yang
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

ANL has developed a high-resolution optical transition radiation (OTR) imaging monitor system for the LCLS injection linac at SLAC. The imaging station, OTR-S1, will be located at the S1 spectrometer with a beam energy of 135 MeV. The system will be used to acquire 2-D transverse beam distributions of the accelerated photocathode-gun-generated electron beam. We anticipate an average beam current of 0.2-1 nC and nominal beam spot size of σ-x 130 microns, σ-y 100 microns. The imaging system was designed for a field of view h/v: 10x7.5 mm. The spatial resolution of ~12 microns was verified over the central 5x4 mm region in the visible. A 12-bit digital camera acquires the image and a Mac-based digital frame capturing system was employed for the initial lab-based performance testing of the device. We are reporting on system development, image capture system, testing methodology, and test data analysis. Commissioning results will be reported as they become available.

• R. B. Fiorito
  
• B. L. Beaudoin, S. J. Casey, D. W. Feldman, P. G. O'Shea, B. Quinn, A. G. Shkvarunets
  UMD, College Park, Maryland

We present strong evidence of the observation of optical transition radiation (OTR) from aluminized silicon targets intercepting the UMER 10 keV, 100 ns pulsed electron beam, using fast (300ps and 1ns rise time) photomultiplier tubes. An intensified gated (3ns-1ms) CCD camera is used to image the beam using OTR and to study its time evolution throughout the beam pulse. A comparison of wave forms and time resolved OTR images is presented along with time integrated images obtained with phosphor screens for different initial conditions, i.e. beam currents and gun bias voltages.

correspondance email: rfiorito@umd.edu

• B. Blind
  
• J. D. Gilpatrick
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico

In order to characterize the beam-centroid jitter in transverse phase space, sets of position data of the 100-MeV H⁺ beam and 800-MeV H^- beam were taken in the transport lines of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator complex. Subsequent data evaluation produced initially puzzling inconsistencies in the phase-space plots from different pairs of beam-position monitors. It is shown that very small random measurement errors will produce systematic differences between plots that should nominally be identical. The actual beam-centroid jitter and the amount of random error in the measurements can be extracted from the data by performing simulations and determining the parameters for which the resulting plots are consistent with the results from the data. Examples will be shown.

• Y. Makdisi
  
• I. G. Alekseev, D. Svirida
  ITEP, Moscow
• A. Bravar, G. Bunce, R. L. Gill, H. Huang, A. Khodinov, A. Kponou, Z. Li, W. Meng, A. N. Nass, S. Rescia, A. Zelenski
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• M. Chapman, W. Haeberli, T. Wise
  UW-Madison/PD, Madison, Wisconsin
• S. Dhawan
  Yale University, Physics Department, New Haven, CT
• O. Eyser
  UCR, Riverside, California
• O. Jinnouchi, I. Nakagawa
  RBRC, Upton, Long Island, New York
• H. Okada, N. Saito
  Kyoto University, Kyoto
• E. J. Stephenson
  IUCF, Bloomington, Indiana

The spin physics program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) requires knowledge of the proton beam polarization to better than 5%. To achieve this goal, a polarized hydrogen jet target was installed in RHIC where it intersects both beams. The premise is to utilize the precise knowledge of the jet proton polarization to measure the analyzing power in the proton - proton elastic scattering process in the Coulomb Nuclear Interference (CNI) region at the prescribed RHIC proton beam energy, then use the reverse reaction to measure the degree of the beam polarization, and finally confront the results with simultaneous measurements by the fast high statistics polarimeter that measure the p-Carbon elastic scattering process in the CNI region to calibrate the latter. In this presentation, the polarized jet target mechanics, operation, detector systems and the p-Carbon polarimeter are described. The statistical accuracy attained as well as the systematic uncertainties will be discussed. Such techniques may well become the standard for high energy polarized proton beams planned elsewhere in Russia and Japan.