PAC07 - List of Keywords (hadron)

A B C D E F G H I K L M O P Q R S T U V W

hadron

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPAN080	Modeling of Flexible Components for Asserting the Stability of Superconducting Magnets	vacuum, alignment, coupling, collider	341
	A. Kumar S. C. Bapna, S. Dutta, K. Swarna RRCAT, Indore (M. P.) A. Poncet CERN, Geneva
	Funding: Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), Indore, INDIA European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland Superconducting magnets are subjected to various forces during their cool down and alignment. Their construction invariably includes bellows, gimbals, hoses and composite supports. A good estimate of the deformations arising out of the cool down and alignment operations is necessary as these induce relative displacements between the fiducialised external vessel and hidden cold mass of the magnet. The nonlinear and orthotropic behaviour of these elements may make the model complicated and if solved as a nonlinear problem, would entail a large solution time as the overall model size runs into million nodes. Authors developed a unified Finite Element Model of the LHC Short Straight Section and during this process many innovative modeling techniques evolved. The developed model uses isotropic material constitutive laws with linear material properties. The paper is presenting some of the salient features of these modeling techniques.

MOPAN082	Four Quadrant 120 A, 10 V Power Converters for LHC	controls, impedance, collider, focusing	347
	Y. Thurel B. Favre, D. Nisbet CERN, Geneva
	The LHC (Large Hadron Collider) particle accelerator makes extensive use of true bipolar power converters, with a regulated high precision output current requirement. A special design and topology is required to permit high performance throughout the converter operating area, including quadrant transition. This paper presents the 120A 10V power converter, well represented in the LHC (300 units). The design is adapted for a wide range of magnet loads [from 10mH to 4 Henry] with stringent EMC requirements. A quick-connect system was applied to the converter modules to allow easy installation and maintenance operations. Discussion of 4 quadrant control and practical results are presented.

TUXKI03	Neutrino and Other Beam-Lines at J-PARC	target, proton, kaon, background	686
	T. Ishida
	The T2K project, the next-generation long base-line neutrino oscillation experiment to explore neutrino mass and mixing (further CPV), is one of the main motivations to construct J-PARC, The Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex at Tokai. It will employ the 50 GeV proton synchrotron to produce neutrino super-beam, and a 50 kt water Cherenkov neutrino detector at Kamioka mine, Super-Kamiokande, as a far neutrino detector. The baseline length of 295 km. The neutrino beam-line is in the midst of its apparatus production and civil construction, towards the beam commissionning scheduled in April 2009. One of the main features of the beam-line is that the axis of the beam optics is displaced by a few degrees from the far detector direction to produce a narrower and lower neutrino energy spectrum than that of conventional on-axis beam. Our beam-line design makes it possible to adjust the off-axis angle, i.e. neutrino beam energy, to maximize neutrino oscillation effect. In this talk I will also briefly introduce other econdary beam-lines at J-PARC, the hadron beam lines and neutron and muon beam lines.
	Slides

TUZAKI02	LHC Upgrade Scenarios	luminosity, quadrupole, dipole, interaction-region	714
	F. Zimmermann
	Funding: We acknowledge the support of the European Community-Research Infrastructure Activity under the FP6 "Structuring the European Research Area" programme (CARE, contract number RII3-CT-2003-506395) The EU CARE-HHH and US-LARP programmes for an LHC upgrade aim at increasing the LHC luminosity by a factor of 10 around the year 2015. The upgrade plan envisages rebuilding the interaction regions (IRs) and modifying the beam parameters. In addition to advanced low-beta quadrupoles, the future IRs may accommodate other novel elements such slim s.c. dipoles or quadrupoles embedded deep inside the detectors, global low-angle crab cavities, and wire compensators of long-range beam-beam effects. Important constraints on the upgrade path are the maximum acceptable number of detector pile-up events, favoring many closely spaced bunches, and the heat load on the cold-magnet beam screens, pointing towards fewer and more intense bunches. In addition, the upgrade of the LHC ring proper should be complemented by an upgrade of the injector complex. I will present preferred luminosity upgrade scenarios for the LHC IRs and beam parameters, sketch accompanying injector enhancements, and comment on a longer-term LHC energy upgrade.
	Slides

TUODKI06	Observation of Proton Reflection on Bent Silicon Crystals at the CERN SPS	proton, scattering, collider, collimation	751
	W. Scandale
	Funding: INTAS-CERN, contract number 05-96-7525 and CARE, contract number RII3-CT-2003-506395. We report observations, performed by the H8-RD22 Collaboration, of the so-called volume reflection effect with 400 GeV/c protons interacting with bent Silicon crystals in the H8 beam line at the CERN SPS. The volume reflection is closely related with particle channeling. This phenomenon occurs at the tangency point of a particle trajectory with the bent crystalline planes and consists in the reversal of the transverse component of the particle momentum. The measurements were collected with a high spatial resolution detector mainly based on Silicon strips. The proton beam was deviated in the direction opposite to that of channeling by ~12μrad, which is ~1.3 times the critical angle, with an efficiency larger than 97% in a range of the proton-to-crystal incident angle as large as the bending angle of crystallographic planes. This evidence opens new perspectives for manipulation of high-energy beams, e.g., for collimation and extraction in the new-generation of hadron colliders or as a method for high-energy experiments in the region near to the circulating beam. H8-RD22 collaboration: CERN, FNAL, INFN (Ferrara, Legnaro, Perugia, Roma, Milano, Trieste), IHEP, PNPI, JINR
	Slides

TUPAN092	Schedule evolution during the life-time of the LHC project	cryogenics, collider, civil-engineering, controls	1592
	K. Foraz E. Barbero-Soto, H. Gaillard, C. Hauviller, S. Weisz CERN, Geneva
	The Large Hadron Collider Project was approved by the CERN Council in December 1994. The CERN management opted from the beginning of the project for a very aggressive installation planning based on a just-in-time sequencing of all activities. This paper aims to draw how different factors (technical development, procurement, logistics and organization) have impacted on the schedule evolution through the lifetime of the project. It describes the cause effect analysis of the major rescheduling that occurred during the installation of the LHC and presents some general conclusions potentially applicable in other similar projects.

TUPAN102	Numerical Study of the Very Forward Background from the Proton-Proton Collisions in the Experimental Insertions of the LHC	simulation, background, insertion, luminosity	1619
	V. Talanov H. Burkhardt, D. Macina, E. Tsesmelis CERN, Geneva
	The results from the numerical DPMJET-FLUKA simulation of the background in the experimental IR's of the LHC are presented. DPMJET3 is used for the generation and analysis of the products from the p-p collision leaving the interaction point in the very forward region. A multi-particle transport code FLUKA is used for the simulation of the resulting secondary cascades in the structure of the LHC long straight sections. The background formation is estimated and analyzed in the LSS's at the locations of the TAN absorber, Roman Pot stations and Beam Loss Monitors, for the purposes of the machine protection and planning of the operation of the detectors.

WEPMN034	Classification of Eigenmodes in a Side-Coupled Structure According to the Space Group Representations	proton, coupling, RF-structure	2116
	S. Sakanaka
	The geometric symmetry of an rf structure can be expressed by a group of symmetry operations that keep the configuration unchanged. In case of a periodic rf structure, the symmetry group is a space group containing translations as well as the other symmetry operations. The eigenmodes in the structure can be classified according to the irreducible representations of the space group of the structure. In this paper, this procedure is described with an example of the side-coupled structure (SCS). Since the SCS is symmetric under a screw (rotation followed by a non-primitive translation) and a glide operations, it provides a good example of non-symmorphic space group, that is, the group contains an essential screw or glide operations. S. Sakanaka, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 8, 072002 (2005).** E. A. Knapp, B. C. Knapp, and J. M. Potter, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 39, 979 (1968).

THPMN076	PAMELA - A Model for an FFAG based Hadron Therapy Machine	proton, ion, rfq, acceleration	2880
	J. K. Pozimski R. J. Barlow UMAN, Manchester J. Cobb, T. Yokoi OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon B. Cywinski University of Leeds, Leeds T. R. Edgecock STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon A. Elliott Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow M. Folkard, B. Vojnovic Gray Cancer Institute, Northwood I. S.K. Gardner STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon B. Jones University Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham K. Kirkby, R. Webb UOSIBS, Guildford G. McKenna University of Oxford, Oxford K. J. Peach JAI, Oxford M. W. Poole STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	Approximately one third of the world?s 15000 accelerators are used for tumour therapy and other medical applications. Most of these are room temperature cyclotrons: a few are synchrotrons. Neither of these have ideal characteristics for a dedicated medical accelerator. The characteristics of FFAGs make them ideally suited to such applications, as the much smaller magnet size, greater compactness and variable energy offers considerable cost and operational benefits especially in a hospital setting. In the first stage the work on PAMELA will focus on the optimization of the FFAG design to deliver the specific machine parameters demanded by therapy applications. In this phase of the PAMELA project the effort will concentrate on the design of a semi-scaling type FFAGs to deliver a 450 MeV/u carbon ion beam, including detailed lattice and tracking studies. The second stage will use the existing expertise in the BASROC consortium to undertake a design of the magnets and RF system for PAMELA. An outline of the overall concept of PAMELA will be discussed and the actual status of the work will be presented.

THPMN078	The CONFORM Project: Construction of a NonScaling FFAG and its Applications	proton, acceleration, radiation, extraction	2886
	R. J. Barlow N. Bliss STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire T. R. Edgecock STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon N. Marks, H. L. Owen, M. W. Poole STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire K. J. Peach JAI, Oxford J. K. Pozimski Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
	The CONFORM project, recently funded as part of the UK 'Basic Technology' initiative, will build a 20 MeV Non-Scaling FFAG (EMMA) at Daresbury. The experience gained will be used for the design of a proton machine (PAMELA) for medical research, and other applications for Non-Scaling FFAGs in different regimes will be explored. The successful development of this type of accelerator will provide many opportunities for increased exploitation, especially for hadron therapy for treatment of tumours, and the project provides a framework where machine builders will work with potential user communities to maximise the synergies and help this to happen successfully.

THPMS092	Superconducting Non-Scaling FFAG Gantry for Carbon/Proton Cancer Therapy	proton, dipole, ion, betatron	3199
	D. Trbojevic R. C. Gupta, B. Parker BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York E. Keil CERN, Geneva A. Sessler LBNL, Berkeley, California
	*Funding: Supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Work supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 We report on improvements in the non-scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) gantry design. As we previously reported, a major challenge of the carbon/proton cancer therapy facilities is isocentric gantry design. The weight of the isocentric gantry transport elements in the latest Heidelberg carbon/proton facility is 135 tons. In this report we detail improvements to the previous non-scaling gantry design. We estimate that this non-scaling FFAG gantry would be almost hundred times lighter than traditional heavy ion gantries. Very strong focusing with small dispersion permits passage of different energies of carbon beams through the gantry's fixed magnetic field.

FRPMN072	LHC Beam Loss Detector Design: Simulations and Measurements	simulation, proton, electron, radiation	4198
	B. Dehning E. Effinger, J. E. Emery, G. Ferioli, E. B. Holzer, D. K. Kramer, L. Ponce, M. Stockner, C. Zamantzas CERN, Geneva
	The LHC beam loss monitoring system must prevent the super conducting magnets from quenching and protect the machine components from damage. 4000 gas filled ionization chambers are installed all around the LHC ring. They probe the far transverse tail of the hadronic shower induced by lost beam particles. Secondary emission chambers are placed in very high radiation areas for their lower sensitivity. This paper focuses on the signal response of the chambers to various particle types and energies and the simulated prediction of the hadronic shower tails. Detector responses were measured with continuous and bunched proton and mixed particle beams of 30 MeV to 450 GeV at PSI and CERN. Additional test measurements with 662 keV gammas and 174 MeV neutrons were performed on the ionization chamber. The measured signal speed, shape and absolute height are compared to GEANT4 and Garfield simulations. Aging data of SPS ionization chambers are shown. The far transverse tail of the hadronic shower induced by 40 GeV and 920 GeV protons impacting on the internal beam dump of HERA at DESY have been measured and compared to GEANT4 simulations.