• L. R. Evans
  

• J. Q. Wang
  
• L. Ma, C. Zhang
  IHEP Beijing, Beijing

• M. Roehrs
  
• C. Gerth, H. Schlarb
  DESY, Hamburg

• C. Rodrigues
  
• A. R. Silva
  LNLS, Campinas

• R. Kersevan
  
• L. Goirand
  ESRF, Grenoble

• H. Soltner
  
• M. Pabst, R. Tolle
  FZJ, Julich

• D. Zangrando
  
• D. Castronovo, M. Svandrlik, R. Visintini
  ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste

• H. Sato
  
• T. Ise, Y. Miura
  Osaka University, Suita
• S. Nomura
  Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo
• t.s. Shintomi, M. J. Shirakata
  KEK, Ibaraki

• H. Sako
  
• C. K. Allen
  KEK, Ibaraki
• H. Ikeda
  Visual Information Center, Inc., Ibaraki-ken
• G. B. Shen
  JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken

• M. M. Shehab
  
• G. Vignola
  SESAME, Amman

• F. Caspers
  
• T. Kroyer, J.-P. G. Tock, L. R. Williams
  CERN, Geneva
• J. Kulka
  AGH, Cracow

• C. Hoa
  
• F. Broggi
  INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
• F. Cerutti, J.-P. Koutchouk, G. Sterbini, E. Y. Wildner
  CERN, Geneva

• D. P. Missiaen
  
• P. Bestmann, M. C.L. Buzio, S. D. Fartoukh, M. Giovannozzi, J. B. Jeanneret, A. M. Lombardi, Y. Papaphilippou, S. Pauletta, J. C. Perez, H. Prin, E. Y. Wildner
  CERN, Geneva

• A. Poncet
  
• P. Cruikshank, V. Parma, P. M. Strubin, J.-P. G. Tock, D. Tommasini
  CERN, Geneva

• E. Todesco
  
• F. Borgnolutti
  CERN, Geneva
• A. Mailfert
  ENSEM, Vandoeuvre les Nancy

Studies for the LHC luminosity upgrade showed the need for quadrupoles with apertures much larger than the present baseline (70 mm). In this paper we focus on the design issues of a 130 mm aperture quadrupole. We first consider the Nb-Ti option, presenting the magnetic design with the LHC dipole cable. We study the Lorentz forces and we discuss the field quality constraints. For the Nb3Sn option we sketch two designs, the first based on the LARP 10 mm cable, and the second one on a 15 mm cable. The issue of the stress induced by the Lorentz forces, which is critical for the Nb3Sn, is discussed using both scaling laws and finite element models.

• E. Todesco
  
• B. Bellesia, J.-P. Koutchouk
  CERN, Geneva
• C. Santoni
  Universite Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand

The aim of this analysis is to study if the field quality in a large aperture low-beta superconducting quadrupole for the LHC upgrade limits the beam performances due to increased geometric aberrations. Random field errors in superconducting quadrupoles are usually estimated by computing the effect of a random positioning of the coil blocks around the nominal position with an r.m.s. of 0.05 mm. Here, we review the experience acquired in the construction of 7 superconducting quadrupoles in the RHIC and in the LHC projects to estimate the precision in the block positioning, showing that there is no visible dependence on the magnet aperture. Different magnet models are then used to estimate the expected field quality in quadrupoles with apertures ranging from 50 to 200 mm. The impact on geometrical aberrations and scaling laws for their dependence on the aperture are finally evaluated.

• T. Tortschanoff
  
• R. Burgmer, H.-U. Klein, D. Krischel, B. Schellong, P. Schmidt
  ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
• M. Durante, A. Payn, J.-M. Rifflet, F. Simon
  CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
• M. Modena, Y. Papaphilippou, L. Rossi, K. M. Schirm
  CERN, Geneva

• J. C. Jan
  
• C.-H. Chang, J. W. Chen, T.-C. Fan, C.-S. Hwang, F.-Y. Lin
  NSRRC, Hsinchu

• L. Tsai
  
• T.-C. Fan, C.-S. Hwang, C. J. Lin, S. Y. Perng, D.-J. Wang
  NSRRC, Hsinchu

• N. Marks
  
• B. J.A. Shepherd
  STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire

• A. Bosco
  
• G. A. Blair, S. T. Boogert, G. E. Boorman
  Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey

Electro-optic techniques might allow implementing a laserwire scanner for intra-train scanning at the ILC with scanning speed in excess of 100 kHz. A scanner capable of running at such a rate would in fact provide information about the particle beam size in about one hundred different positions along the bunch train (approximately 1ms long for the ILC*). The design of an electro-optic deflector capable to scan within 10-100 microsecond is presented, discussed and analytically treated.

* ILC Baseline Conceptual Design (2006).: http://www.linearcollider.org/.

• S. A. Kahn
  
• M. Alsharo'a, R. P. Johnson
  Muons, Inc, Batavia
• V. Kashikhin, V. S. Kashikhin, K. Yonehara, A. V. Zlobin
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

A helical cooling channel consisting of a pressurized gas absorber imbedded in a magnetic channel that provides superimposed solenoidal, helical dipole and helical quadrupole fields has shown considerable promise in providing six-dimensional cooling of muon beams. The analysis of this muon cooling technique with both analytic and simulation studies has shown significant reduction of muon phase space. A particular channel that has been simulated is divided into four segments each with progressively stronger fields and smaller apertures to reduce the equilibrium emittance so that more cooling can occur. The fields in the helical channel are sufficiently large that the conductor for segments 1 and 2 can be Nb3Sn and the conductor for segments 3 and 4 may need to be high temperature superconductor. This paper will describe the magnetic specifications for the channel and two conceptual designs on how to implement the magnetic channel.

• D. J. Harding
  
• J. DiMarco, C. C. Drennan, V. S. Kashikhin, S. Kotelnikov, J. R. Lackey, A. Makarov, A. Makulski, R. Nehring, D. F. Orris, E. Prebys, P. Schlabach, G. Velev, D. G.C. Walbridge
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

To better control the beam position, tune, and chromaticity in the Fermilab Booster synchrotron, a new package of six corrector elements has been designed, incorporating both normal and skew orientations of dipole, quadrupole, and sextupole magnets. The devices are under construction and installation at 48 locations is planned. The density of elements and the rapid slew rate have posed special challenges. The magnet construction is presented along with DC measurements of the magnetic field.

• D. J. Harding
  
• C. L. Bartelson, B. C. Brown, J. A. Carson, W. Chou, J. DiMarco, H. D. Glass, D. E. Johnson, V. S. Kashikhin, I. Kourbanis, W. F. Robotham, M. Tartaglia
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

During the design of the Fermilab Main Injector synchrotron it was recognized that the aperture was limited at the beam transfer and extraction points by the combination of the Lambertson magnets and the reused Main Ring quadrupoles located between the Lambertsons. Increased intensity demands on the Main Injector from antiproton production for the collider program, slow spill to the meson fixed target program, and high intensity beam to the high energy neutrino program have led us to replace the aperture-limiting quadrupoles with newly built magnets that have the same physical length but a larger aperture. The magnets run on the main quadrupole bus, and must therefore have the same excitation profile as the magnets they replaced. We present here the design of the magnets, their magnetic performance, and the accelerator performance.

• V. S. Kashikhin
  
• R. P. Johnson, S. A. Kahn, T. J. Roberts
  Muons, Inc, Batavia
• V. Kashikhin, M. J. Lamm, G. Romanov, K. Yonehara, A. V. Zlobin
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

MANX is a 6-dimensional muon ionization-cooling experiment that has been proposed to Fermilab to demonstrate the use of a Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) for future muon colliders and neutrino factories. The HCC for MANX has solenoidal, helical dipole, and helical quadrupole magnetic components which diminish as the beam loses energy as it slows down in a liquid helium absorber inside the magnets. Two superconducting magnet system designs are described which use quite different approaches to providing the needed fields. Additional magnets that provide emittance matching between the HCC and upstream and downstream spectrometers are also described as are the results of G4Beamline simulations of the beam cooling behaviour of the complete magnet and absorber system.

• V. Kashikhin
  
• A. V. Zlobin
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

After LHC operates for several years at nominal parameters it will need an upgrade to higher luminosity. Replacing the low-beta insertions with a higher performance design based on advanced superconducting magnets is a straightforward step in this direction. One of the approaches being considered for the new LHC IRs is a "dipole-first: option with two separation dipoles placed in front of the focusing quadrupoles. It reduces the number of parasitic collisions with respect to the "quadrupole-first" option and allows independent field error corrections for each beam. Most of key magnet designs for the "dipole-first" option including high-field large-aperture dipoles (D1) and 2-in-1 quadrupoles have already been studied and reported. This paper focuses on design studies of the 2-in-1 separation dipole (D2) located between D1 and the quadrupoles. High operation field of the same polarity in large adjacent apertures imposes limitations on the maximum field, field quality and mechanics for this magnet. This paper analyses possible D2 magnet designs based on Nb3Sn superconductor and compares them in terms of the aperture size, maximum field, field quality and Lorents forces in the coil.

• E. Prebys
  
• C. C. Drennan, D. J. Harding, V. S. Kashikhin, J. R. Lackey, A. Makarov, W. Pellico
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

The Fermilab neutrino program places unprecedented demands on the lab's 8 GeV Booster synchrotron, which has not changed significantly since it was built almost 35 years ago. In particular, the existing corrector system is not adequate to control beam position and tune throughout the acceleration system, and provides limited compensation for higher order resonances. We present an ambitious ongoing project to build and install a set of 48 corrector packages, each containing horizontal and vertical dipoles, normal and skew quadrupoles, and normal and skew sextupoles. Space limitations in the machine have motivated a unique design, which utilizes custom wound coils around a 12 pole laminated core. Each of the 288 discrete multipole elements in the system will have a dedicated power supply, the output current of which is controlled by an individual programmable ramp. This provides for great flexibility in the system, but also presents a challenge in terms of designing the control hardware and software in such a way that the system can be operated in the most efficacious way.

• I. Terechkine
  
• V. Kashikhin, T. M. Page, M. Tartaglia, J. C. Tompkins
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

• G. Velev
  
• J. DiMarco, D. J. Harding, V. S. Kashikhin, M. J. Lamm, P. Schlabach, M. Tartaglia, J. C. Tompkins
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

A method for measurement of rapidly changing magnetic fields has been developed and applied to the testing of new room temperature corrector packages designed for the Fermilab Booster Synchrotron. The method is based on fast digitization of a slowly rotating tangential coil probe, with analysis combining the measured coil voltages across a set of successive magnet current cycles. This paper presents results on the field quality measured for normal and skew dipole, quadrupole, and sextupole magnets in several of these corrector packages.

• S. Marks
  
• K. Kennedy, D. W. Plate, D. Schlueter, M. S. Zisman
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

The positron and electron damping rings for the ILC (International Linear Collider) will contain long straight sections consisting of twenty wiggler/quadrupole pairs. The wigglers will be based upon the CESR-C superconducting design* . There are a number of challenges associated with the design of the wiggler straight vacuum system, in particular, the absorption of photon power generated by the wigglers. This paper will present the overall conceptual design of the wiggler straight vacuum system developed for the ILC RDR. Particular emphasis will be placed on photon power load calculations and the absorber design.

* A. Mihailichenko, Optimized Wiggler Magnet for CESR, Proceedings of PAC2001, Chicago, Il, June 18-22, 2001

• N. V. Mokhov
  
• P. Ferracin, G. L. Sabbi
  LBNL, Berkeley, California
• V. Kashikhin, M. Monville
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

At the LHC upgrade luminosity of 10³⁵ cm^-2 s^-1, collision product power in excess of a kW is deposited in the inner triplet quadrupoles. The quadrupole field sweeps secondary particles from pp-collisions into the superconducting coils, concentrating the power deposition at the magnetic mid-planes. The local peak power density can substantially exceed the conductor quench limits and reduce component lifetime. Under these conditions, block-coil geometries may result in overall improved performance by removing the superconductor from the magnetic mid-planes and/or allowing increased shielding at such locations. First realistic energy deposition simulations are performed for an interaction region based on block-coil quadrupoles with parameters suitable for the LHC upgrade. Results are presented on 3-D distributions of power density and accumulated dose in the inner triplet components as well as on dynamic heat loads on the cryogenic system. Optimization studies are performed on configuration and parameters of the beam pipe, cold bore and cooling channels. The feasibility of the proposed design is discussed.

• C. Wu
  
• E. Abed, G. Bai, B. L. Beaudoin, S. Bernal, I. Haber, R. A. Kishek, P. G. O'Shea, M. Reiser, D. Stratakis, D. F. Sutter, K. Tian, M. Walter
  UMD, College Park, Maryland

Beam based alignment and control has been a critical issue for many accelerators. In this paper, we've developed a new approach that can correct the beam orbit using a systematic quad-scan method, where there is an insufficient number of beam position monitors. In this approach, we've proposed a calibrated response matrix. This matrix takes consideration of the different sensitivities of different quadrupoles in the lattice. With the calibrated response matrix, we can greatly enhance our ability to control the beam centroid motion and reduce the control effort.

• J. T. Bradley III
  
• C. J. Andrews, L. F. Fernandez, M. F. Fresquez, W. Reass, W. Roybal, J. B. Sandoval
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico

The proton beam in the LANSCE accelerator is guided and focused almost exclusively by electromagnets. Magnet hysteresis has had significant impacts on the tuning of the LANSCE accelerator.* Magnet hysteresis can also have an impact on Magnet Power Supply (MPS) control, regulation and repeatability requirements. To date, MPS performance requirements have been driven by the requirements on the magnetic fields as determined by the accelerator physicists. Taking hysteresis effects into account can significantly change MPS requirements, as some requirements become more stringent and some are found to be overspecified. Overspecification of MPS requirements can result in significant increases in MPS cost. Conversely, the use of appropriate MPS requirements can result in significant cost savings. The LANSCE accelerator's more than three decades of operation provide a wide variety of magnet power supply technologies and operational experience. We will survey the LANSCE magnet power supply history and determine how performance specifications can be refined to both reduce costs and improve the operators abilities to control the magnetic fields.

*R. McCrady, "Mitigation Of Magnet Hysteresis Effects at LANSCE", LINAC 2006, August, 2006.

• C. Goodzeit
  
• M. J. Ball, R. B. Meinke
  Advanced Magnet Lab., Inc, Melbourne, Florida

This work is partially supported under U. S. Department of Energy grant : DoE SBIR DE-FG02-06ER 84492

• B. Lam
  
• P. Bellomo, D. Macnair, A. C. de Lira
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

In 2008 KEK is commissioning ATF2 - an extension to the existing ATF. ATF2 is a mockup of the final focus test beam accelerator envisioned in the ILC. SLAC is designing the power supply systems for the dc magnets in the ATF2, which will require 38 power supplies ranging from 1.5 to 6 kW, currents from 50 to 200 A, all rated at output voltages not higher than 30 V. Because of the extensive quantities of magnets required for the ILC, high availability is paramount to its successful operation, so the power supply topology chosen for the ATF2 uses N+1 redundancy, with 50-A power modules to construct each power supply. These power modules are current-mode buck regulators, which operate in parallel with each other and one redundant module. One bulk power supply provides off-the-line regulated dc input to a number of the power supplies. Current stability requirements for the magnets range from 10 to 10⁰⁰ ppm. A precision current transductor and a recently developed SLAC-built 20-bit Ethernet Power Supply Controller will provide the current regulation required. In this paper we present the conceptual design, prototype results, and the status of the power supply systems for the ATF2.

• A. C. de Lira
  
• P. Bellomo, K. Luchini, D. Macnair
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

The LCLS injector at SLAC requires 100+ dc-magnet power supply systems for its operation. Power supplies are divided into two main groups: intermediate rack-mounted type for output powers up to 20 kW at 375 A, and bipolar units rated 6 A, 12 A, and 30 A for corrector magnets and small quadrupoles. The intermediate power supplies are controlled by a 20-bit Ethernet power supply controller, specially developed at SLAC to be used in this project. The bipolar units are controlled via 12-bit DACs and ADCs housed in a VME crate. EPICS is the controls interface to all systems. For all systems, stability requirements are better than 10⁰⁰ ppm. The Power Conversion Department at SLAC, in close cooperation with the LCLS Controls group, was responsible for defining the major characteristics of the power supply systems, their specification, procurement, installation, and commissioning. In this paper we describe the main characteristics of the power supply systems for the LCLS injector, including results from their successful commissioning early this year.

• G. H. Biallas
  
• N. T. Belcher
  The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg
• D. Douglas, T. Hiatt, K. Jordan
  Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia

Two styles of Panofsky Quadrupoles with integral corrector dipole windings are in use in the electron beam line of the Free Electron Laser at Jefferson Lab. We combined the functions into single magnets, adding hundreds of Gauss-cm dipole corrector capability to existing quadrupoles because space is at a premium along the beam line. Superposing high quality dipole corrector field on a high quality, weak (600 to 1'000 Gauss) quadrupole is possible because the parallel slab iron yoke of the Panofsky Quadrupole acts as a window frame style dipole yoke. The dipole field is formed when two current sources, designed and made at Jlab, add and subtract current from the two opposite quadrupole current sheet windings parallel to the dipole field direction. The current sources also drive auxiliary coils at the yoke's inner corners that improve the dipole field. Magnet measurements yielded the control system field maps that characterize the two types of fields. Details of field analysis using OPERA, construction methods, wiring details, magnet measurements and the current sources are presented.

• J.-G. Wang
  

3D computing simulations have been performed to study the magnetic field distribution of the SNS ring extraction Lambertson septum magnet. The magnetic field for extracted beams is fully characterized in all the aspects. The stray field on the circulating beam line and the effect of a shielding box up-stream and a shielding cap down-stream is investigated. In addition, the magnetic interference between the Lambertson and an adjacent quadrupole has been studied. The simulations have provided valuable information for the SNS ring commissioning and operation. This paper reports our simulation techniques and the major results.

• P. He
  
• M. Anerella, S. Aydin, G. Ganetis, M. Harrison, A. K. Jain, B. Parker
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

The conceptual design of compact superconducting magnets for the International Linear Collider final focus is presently under development at BNL. A primary concern in using superconducting quadrupoles is the potential for inducing additional vibrations from cryogenic operation. We have employed a Laser Doppler Vibrometer system to measure the vibrations at resolutions ~1 nm (at frequencies above ~8 Hz) in a spare RHIC quadrupole coldmass under cryogenic conditions. Some preliminary results of these studies were presented at the Nanobeam 2005 workshop*. These results were limited in resolution due to a rather large motion of the laser head itself. As a first step towards improving the measurement quality, an actively stabilized isolation table was used to reduce the motion of the laser holder. The improved set-up will be described, and vibration spectra measured at cryogenic temperatures, both with and without helium flow, will be presented.

*A. Jain, et al., Nanobeam 2005, Kyoto, Japan, Oct.17-21, 2005; paper WG2d-05; available at http://wwwal.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NanoBM .

• W. Meng
  
• G. Ganetis, A. K. Jain, D. Kayran, V. Litvinenko, C. Longo, G. J. Mahler, E. Pozdeyev, J. E. Tuozzolo
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

In this paper we describe unique features of magnets for R&D ERL, which is under construction in Collider-Accelerator Department, BNL. The R&D ERL serves as a test-bed future BNL ERLs, such as electron-cooler-ERL for RHIC and 20 GeV ERL for future electron-hadron, eRHIC. We present selected designs of various dipole and quadrupole magnets, which are used in Z-bend merging systems and the returning loop, 3-D simulations of the fields in these magnets, particle tracking and analysis of magnet's influence on the beam parameters. We discuss an uncommon method of setting requirements on the quality of magnetic field and transferring them into measurable parameters as well as into manufacturing tolerances. We compare selected simulation with results magnetic measurements.

• N. Tsoupas
  
• R. Heese, R. Meir, I. Pinayev, J. Rose, T. V. Shaftan, C. Stelmach
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

The proposed NSLS II light source* to be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory utilizes a LINAC and a Booster with a Storage-ring which share the same tunnel, but at different horizontal planes. The Booster which accepts beam from the LINAC, accelerates the electron beam to an energy of 3.0 GeV and the beam is extracted to the Booster_to_Storage_Ring(BtS) transport line. The BtS line transports the beam and injects it into the Storage ring . In order to facilitate the design of the BtS transfer line, the line has been partitioned in three sections which can be considered as independent. The function of each the three sections will be discussed in details and the procedure for the design of the BtS line and other details about the optics and the magnetic elements of the line will be presented in the paper. The LINAC to Booster beam transfer line will also be discussed.

*NSLS II CDR BNL

• S. M. Cousineau
  
• S. Assadi, J. A. Holmes, M. A. Plum
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

The SNS ring and associated transport lines, commissioned in January 2006, are designed to accumulate and deliver up to 1.5·10¹⁴, 1 GeV protons at 60 Hz to a liquid mercury target for neutron production. In order to control activation and to allow for routine hands-on maintenance of accelerator components, beam loss in most of the ring must remain below 1 W/m . For the full 1.4 MW beam, this translates to a fractional beam loss limit of 0.01%. Accomplishing this loss limit at full beam power will require successful utilization of the ring's two-stage betatron collimation system. In this paper we present the results of initial collimation experiments. We characterize the collimation-induced beam-loss pattern and compare our results with simulations. In addition, we discuss other existing beam-loss-related challenges in the ring.

• F. Zimmermann
  

The EU CARE-HHH and US-LARP programmes for an LHC upgrade aim at increasing the LHC luminosity by a factor of 10 around the year 2015. The upgrade plan envisages rebuilding the interaction regions (IRs) and modifying the beam parameters. In addition to advanced low-beta quadrupoles, the future IRs may accommodate other novel elements such slim s.c. dipoles or quadrupoles embedded deep inside the detectors, global low-angle crab cavities, and wire compensators of long-range beam-beam effects. Important constraints on the upgrade path are the maximum acceptable number of detector pile-up events, favoring many closely spaced bunches, and the heat load on the cold-magnet beam screens, pointing towards fewer and more intense bunches. In addition, the upgrade of the LHC ring proper should be complemented by an upgrade of the injector complex. I will present preferred luminosity upgrade scenarios for the LHC IRs and beam parameters, sketch accompanying injector enhancements, and comment on a longer-term LHC energy upgrade.

• M. Benedikt
  
• W. Bartmann, C. Carli, B. Goddard, S. Hancock, J. M. Jowett, Y. Papaphilippou
  CERN, Geneva

• M. Kireeff Covo
  
• D. Baca, F. M. Bieniosek, B. G. Logan, P. A. Seidl, J.-L. Vay
  LBNL, Berkeley, California
• R. H. Cohen, A. Friedman, A. W. Molvik
  LLNL, Livermore, California
• J. L. Vujic
  UCB, Berkeley, California

Beam interaction with background gas and walls produces ubiquitous clouds of stray electrons that frequently limit the performance of particle accelerator and storage rings. Counterintuitively we obtained the electron cloud accumulation by measuring the expelled ions that are originated from the beam-background gas interaction, rather than by measuring electrons that reach the walls. The kinetic ion energy measured with a retarding field analyzer (RFA) maps the depressed beam space-charge potential and provides the dynamic electron cloud density. Clearing electrode current measurements give the static electron cloud background that complements and corroborates with the RFA measurements, providing an absolute measurement of electron cloud density during a 5 us duration beam pulse in a drift region of the magnetic transport section of the High-Current Experiment (HCX) at LBNL.*

* M. Kireeff Covo, A. W. Molvik, A. Friedman, J.-L. Vay, P. A. Seidl, G. Logan, D. Baca, and J. L. Vujic, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 054801 (2006).

• D. O. McCarron
  
• J. F. Amundson, W. Pellico, P. Spentzouris, R. E. Tomlin
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
• L. K. Spentzouris
  Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois

* Synergia: A 3D Accelerator Modelling Tool with 3D Space Charge. Journal of Computational Physics, Volume 211, Issue 1 , 1 January 2006, Pages 229-248.

• X. Huang
  
• S.-Y. Lee
  IUCF, Bloomington, Indiana
• K. Y. Ng
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

We systematically measured the emittance evolution of a fast cycling proton accelerator on a turn-by-turn basis under various beam intensities via an ionization profile monitor (IPM). The vertical emittance growth rate was derived and phenomenologically analyzed. The transverse and longitudinal components in the horizontal beam size were separated by making use of their different evolution behaviors. The quadrupole mode beam size oscillation after transition crossing is also studied and explained. We found a considerable space-charge-induced emittance growth rate component in the vertical plane but not as much for the horizontal plane. We carried out multiparticle simulations to understand the mechanism of space-charge-induced emittance growth. The major sources of emittance growth were found to be the random skew-quadrupole and dipole field errors in the presence of large space-charge tune spread.

PRSTAB 9, 014202 (2006)

• L. Yang
  
• X. Huang
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• S.-Y. Lee
  IUCF, Bloomington, Indiana
• B. Podobedov
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

The Orbit Response Matrix (ORM) has been successfully used extensively in accelerator modeling. However, in many cases, the existing codes can not find a correct model. We develop a new code that solve the convergence and coupling problems. We test our code by carrying out systematic study of accelerator models. Effects measurement errors and the completeness of information will be addressed in this study. Possible inclusion of phase information will be discussed.

• P. Emma
  
• K. L.F. Bane, Y. T. Ding, J. C. Frisch, Z. Huang, H. Loos, G. V. Stupakov, J. Wu
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• E. Prat
  DESY, Hamburg
• F. Sannibale, K. G. Sonnad, M. S. Zolotorev
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a SASE x-ray free-electron laser project presently under construction at SLAC. The injector section from RF photocathode gun through the first bunch compressor chicane was installed during the Fall of 2006. The first bunch compressor chicane is located at 250 MeV and nominally compresses a 1-nC electron bunch from an rms length of about 1 mm to 0.2 mm. The degree of compression is highly adjustable using RF phasing and also chicane magnetic field variations. Transverse phase space and bunch length diagnostics are located immediately after the chicane. We present measurements and simulations of the longitudinal and transverse phase space after the chicane in various beam conditions, including extreme compression where coherent radiation effects are expected to be striking.

• R. Duperrier
  
• D. Uriot
  CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette

• R. J. Macek, M. J. Borden, A. A. Browman, R. J. Macek, R. C. McCrady, J. F. O'Hara, L. Rybarcyk, T. Spickermann, T. Zaugg
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• J. E. Ledford
  TechSource, Santa Fe, New Mexico
• M. T.F. Pivi
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

Recent beam physics studies on the two-stream e-p instability at LANL proton storage ring (PSR) have focused on the role of the electron cloud generated in quadrupole magnets where electrons, which seed beam-induced multipacting, are expected to be largest due to grazing angle losses from the beam halo. A new diagnostic to measure electron cloud formation and trapping in a quadrupole magnet has been developed, installed, and successfully tested at PSR. Experimental results will be presented on various characteristics of electron cloud obtain from experiments using this diagnostic and compared with simulations. Results include data on flux and energy spectra of electrons striking the vacuum chamber, the line density and lifetime of electrons trapped in the quadrupole after the beam has been extracted as well as evidence regarding electrons ejected from the magnet during passage of the proton beam.

• J. Galambos
  
• A. V. Aleksandrov, C. K. Allen, S. Henderson, T. A. Pelaia, A. P. Shishlo, Y. Zhang
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
• P. Chu
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

The Accelerator Physics group at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) has developed numerous codes to assist in the beam commissioning, tuning, and operation of the SNS Linac. These codes have been key to meeting the beam commissioning milestones. For example, a recently developed code provides for rapid retuning of the superconducting Linac in case of RF stations going offline or coming online. Highlights of these "physics applications" will be presented.

• S. V. Weber
  
• F. Bødker, H. Bach, N. Hauge, J. Kristensen, L. K. Kruse, S. P. Møller, S. M. Madsen
  Danfysik A/S, Jyllinge
• M. J. Boland, R. T. Dowd, G. LeBlanc, M. J. Spencer, Y. E. Tan
  ASP, Clayton, Victoria
• N. H. Hertel, J. S. Nielsen
  ISA, Aarhus

• M. Svandrlik
  
• S. Bassanese, A. Carniel, K. Casarin, D. Castronovo, P. Craievich, G. D'Auria, R. De Monte, P. Delgiusto, S. Di Mitri, A. Fabris, R. Fabris, M. Ferianis, F. Giacuzzo, F. Iazzourene, G. L. Loda, M. Lonza, F. M. Mazzolini, D. M. Molaro, G. Pangon, C. Pasotti, G. Penco, L. Pivetta, L. Rumiz, C. Scafuri, G. Tromba, A. Vascotto, R. Visintini, D. Zangrando
  ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
• L. Picardi, C. Ronsivalle
  ENEA C. R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)

• M. Sawamura
  
• T. Furuya, S. Sakanaka, T. Suwada, T. Takahashi, K. Umemori
  KEK, Ibaraki
• H. Sakai, K. Shinoe
  ISSP/SRL, Chiba

• Q. K. Jia
  

• L. Wang
  
• G. Feng, W. Li, L. Liu, H. Xu
  USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui
• S. C. Zhang
  USTC, Hefei, Anhui

• Y.-C. Liu
  
• H.-P. Chang, J. Chen, P. J. Chou, K. T. Hsu, K. H. Hu, C. H. Kuo, C.-C. Kuo, K.-K. Lin, G.-H. Luo, M.-H. Wang
  NSRRC, Hsinchu

• I. P.S. Martin
  
• R. Bartolini, R. T. Fielder, E. C. Longhi, B. Singh
  Diamond, Oxfordshire

• B. Singh
  
• R. Bartolini, R. T. Fielder, E. C. Longhi, I. P.S. Martin
  Diamond, Oxfordshire

• H. Nishimura
  
• S. Marks, D. Robin, D. Schlueter, C. Steier, W. Wan
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

The possibility exists of achieving significantly lower emittances in an electron storage ring by increasing its horizontal betatron tune. However, existing magnet locations and strengths in a given ring may be inadequate to implement such an operational mode. For example, the ALS storage ring could lower its emittance to one third of the current value by increasing the horizontal tune from 14.25 to 16.25. However, this would come with the cost of large chromaticities that could not be corrected with our existing sextupole magnets. We discuss such operational issues and possible options in this paper.

• D. Robin
  
• W. Wan
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

The triple bend achromat cell of the ALS has been shown to be very flexible and compact. It has been operated in a low emittance mode and a low momentum compaction mode. In fact the lattice can be operated in a large range of different stable modes. Until recently most of these recently discovered modes had not been explored or even known about. Many of these modes have potentially attractive features as compared with the present operational mode. In this paper we take a step back and look at the general stability limits of the lattice. We employ a technique we call GLASS that allows us to rapidly scan and find all possible stable modes and then characterize their associated properties. In this paper we illustrate how the GLASS technique gives a global and comprehensive vision of the capabilities of the lattice.

• C. Song
  
• G. Hoffstaetter
  CLASSE, Ithaca

Multi-pass, multi-bunch beam-breakup (BBU) can limit the current in linac-based recirculating accelerators. We have therefore made the computation of the transverse and longitudinal BBU-threshold current available in Cornell's main optics design and beam simulation library BMAD. The coupling of horizontal and vertical motion as well as time of flight effects are automatically contained. Subsequently we present a detailed simulation study of transverse and longitudinal BBU in the proposed 5GeV Energy Recovery Linac light source at Cornell University, including the use of frequency randomization, polarized cavities and optical manipulations to improve the threshold current.

• A. Fukasawa
  
• S. G. Anderson
  LLNL, Livermore, California
• H. Badakov, E. Hemsing, B. D. O'Shea, J. B. Rosenzweig
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California

• R. A. Bosch
  
• J. Bisognano, M. D. Medley
  UW-Madison/SRC, Madison, Wisconsin

A 980-MeV energy recovery linac with radiofrequency (rf) of 1.5 GHz is designed. Electrons are accelerated by two passages through a 480-MeV superconducting linac, and decelerated by two subsequent passages. Recirculation is accomplished with six 60-degree bending magnets. The threshold current for beam breakup instability exceeds 100 mA. Gaussian bunches with normalized transverse emittances of 0.1 mm-mrad and rms length of 1.85 ps may be compressed by a factor of 180 (to a bunch length of 10 fs) with only a slight increase in transverse normalized emittance. Bunch charges up to 8 pC may be compressed at 980 MeV without excessive degradation from coherent synchrotron radiation, allowing operation with beam currents up to 12 mA.

• K. Jacobs
  
• J. Bisognano, R. A. Bosch, D. Eisert, M. V. Fisher, M. A. Green, R. G. Keil, K. J. Kleman, R. A. Legg, G. C. Rogers, J. P. Stott
  UW-Madison/SRC, Madison, Wisconsin

Aladdin is an IR to soft x-ray synchrotron light source operated by the University of Wisconsin at Madison. As part of the ongoing program of upgrades and improvements, several changes have recently been made to the ring. It had previously been determined that physical apertures (BPMs) at the QF quadrupoles were limiting beam lifetime when the ring was operated in its low emittance configuration. Increasing the size of these apertures has resulted in a significant increase in lifetime. Also as part of the aperture opening process, a number of ring components were redesigned and replaced, lowering the ring impedance. This has led to an increase in the threshold beam current for microwave instability. Another modification was the design and installation of discrete trim coils on the quadrupole pole-tips to facilitate using the quads as steering correctors. Details of these and other improvements will be presented.

• J. D.A. Smith
  
• C. J. Glasman
  UMAN, Manchester

* C. Beard and R. M. Jones, EUROTeV-Report-2006-103** C. Beard and J. Smith, EPAC06 Proc. MOPLS070

• S. R. Koscielniak
  
• C. Johnstone
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

The linear-field non-scaling FFAG lattices originally proposed for multi-GeV muon acceleration are now being modified for application to order 100 MeV/u proton or carbon medical applications. The momentum range is large and the chromatic tune variation is significant. In the medical case, the time of flight variation is immaterial but the issue of resonance crossing is more acute owing to the much lower rate of energy gain. Magnets with non-normal entry/exit faces are considered as means to reduce the tune variation. Thus one is motivated to study fringe fields and their effects. We make a brief study of dipole and quadrupole magnets with normal and rotated entry/exit faces. For the artificial case of a cosine-squared fall off in the quadrupole field, analytic results are obtained which though approximate are superior to numerical integration. This property is achieved by insisting that the error in the equation of motion is zero and the determinant is unity at the entry, exit and centre of the fringe field.

• S. R. Koscielniak
  

Linear-field non-scaling FFAGs are proposed for multi-GeV muon acceleration and order hundred MeV/u proton or carbon medical applications. The periodic lattices, which have large momentum acceptance (factor >3), employ cells comprised of combined function magnets. In one implementation, rectangular-shaped quadrupoles are used, with the dipole component generated by off-setting the magnet centre. This feature, coupled with the large radial aperture, gives rise to orbits with large displacement and/or divergence from the quadrupole centre. The angles may be so large that there is a partial interchange of longitudinal and radial momenta. We examine two methods to devise maps (through the body field) that are third order in radial coordinate and higher order in momentum. The WKBJ approximation is concluded to be no better than the usual linear transfer matrix. A Green's function approach is carried through to non-linear mappings for the dynamical variables, which are coupled. The first partial derivative of this map (relates to tune variation) produces a linear transfer matrix which must have unity determinant. For the FFAG application, the map is comparable with numerical integration.

• W. B. Bayer
  
• W. Barth, L. A. Dahl, P. Forck, P. Gerhard, L. Groening, I. Hofmann, S. Yaramyshev
  GSI, Darmstadt
• D.-O. Jeon
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

The GSI UNILAC, a heavy ion linac originally dedicated for low current beam operation, together with the synchrotron SIS 18 will serve as an high current injector for FAIR (International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research). The UNILAC post stripper accelerator consists of five Alvarez tanks with a final energy of 11.4 MeV/u. In order to meet the requirements of FAIR (15emA ²³⁸U²⁸⁺, transverse normalised emittances of 0.8mm mrad and 2.5mm mrad) an UNILAC upgrade program is foreseen to increase the primary beam intensity as well as the beam brilliance. A detailed understanding of the beam dynamics during acceleration and transport of space charge dominated beams is necessary. For this purpose the study of the beam brilliance dependency on the phase advances in the Alvarez DTL is suited. Machine investigations were performed with various beam diagnostics devices established in the UNILAC. Measurements done in 2006 using an high intensity heavy ion beam coincide with the beam dynamics work package of the European JRA "High Intensity Pulsed Proton Injector" (HIPPI). Results of these measurements are presented as well as corresponding beam dynamics simulations.

• P. J. Spiller
  
• U. B. Blell, H. Eickhoff, E. Fischer, E. Floch, P. Hulsmann, J. E. Kaugerts, M. Kauschke, H. Klingbeil, H. G. Koenig, A. Kraemer, D. Kramer, U. Laier, G. Moritz, C. Omet, N. Pyka, H. Ramakers, H. Reich-sprenger, M. Schwickert, J. Stadlmann
  GSI, Darmstadt
• A. D. Kovalenko
  JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region

• M. Statera
  
• A. Garishvili, B. Lorentz, S. A. Martin, F. Rathmann
  FZJ, Julich
• P. Lenisa, G. Stancari
  INFN-Ferrara, Ferrara

* Conceptual Design Report for an International Facility for Antiprotonand Ion Research, www.gsi.de/GSI-future/cdr.** PAX Technical Proposal, www.fz-juelich.de/ikp/pax.

• S. Bettoni
  
• S. Guiducci, M. A. Preger, P. Raimondi, C. Sanelli
  INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)

• S. Tomassini
  
• D. Alesini, A. Beatrici, A. Clozza, E. Di Pasquale, G. Fontana, F. Marcellini, G. Mazzitelli, M. Paris, P. Raimondi, C. Sanelli, G. Sensolini, F. Sgamma, M. Troiani, M. Zobov, A. Zolla
  INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
• M. E. Esposito
  Rome University La Sapienza, Roma

* DAPHNE Upgrade Team, "DAPHNE Upgrade for Siddharta run", DAPHNE Tech. Note G-68, Dec. 2006.

• M. Tomizawa
  
• A. Y. Molodozhentsev, E. Nakamura, I. Sakai, M. Uota
  KEK, Ibaraki

• Y. Wei
  

Due to the errors in all kinds of components of storage ring, the real ring optics is different from the design one. A computer code LOCO is developed to calibrate the linear optics based on the closed orbit response matrix. This paper discusses mainly on the procedure and results of optics correction at BEPCII BPR. Using LOCO, we have determined the errors of quadrupole strengths, BPM gains and corrector kicks, and found the quadrupole strengths that best restore the design optics with sextupoles on. Optics measurement after correction shows the real optics agrees well with the design optics.

weiyy@mail.ihep.ac.cn

• Y.-S. Cho
  
• B. Chung, J.-H. Jang, K. Y. Kim, Y.-H. Kim
  KAERI, Daejon

The Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) will supply 20-MeV and 100-MeV proton beams from a 100 MeV proton linear accelerator for beam applications. The extracted 20 MeV or 100 MeV proton beams will be simultaneously distributed into the five targets through a dipole magnet equipped with a controllable AC power supply. The most important design criterion is the flexibility of the irradiation conditions in order to meet various user requirements in many application fields. For this purpose, we have designed the beamlines to the targets for wide or focused beams, external or in-vacuum beams, and horizontal or vertical beams. This work includes details of the conceptual design of the beamlines.

• J.-H. Jang
  
• Y.-S. Cho, K. Y. Kim, H.-J. Kwon
  KAERI, Daejon

The 100 MeV Linac of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) consists of an ion source, a low energy beam transport (LEBT), a 3 MeV radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ), and an 100 MeV drift tube linac (DTL). The DTL is separated into two parts. The first part includes 4 tanks which accelerate 20 mA proton beams up to 20 MeV. The medium energy beam transport (MEBT) follows the 20 MeV accelerator in order to match proton beams into the next linac as well as to extract and supply 20 MeV proton beams to the user facilities. The second part of the DTL consists of 7 tanks to accelerate proton beams to 100 MeV. This work focuses on the error analysis of the designed 100 MeV linac in order to obtain the tolerance limit in the fabrication and alignment processes of the linac as well as to study the steering magnets which control the beam fluctuations and reduce the potential beam loss.

• N. Yu. Kazarinov
  
• G. Gulbekyan, V. I. Kazacha, V. N. Melnikov, V. I. Mironov
  JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region

• N. Yu. Kazarinov
  
• V. Aleksandrov, V. Shevtsov
  JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
• Y. Jongen
  IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve

• F. Caspers
  
• P. Borowiec, T. Kroyer, Z. Sulek, L. R. Williams
  CERN, Geneva

• M. DiCastro
  
• L. Bottura, L. Deniau, N. J. Sammut, S. Sanfilippo, D. Sernelius, W. Venturini Delsolaro
  CERN, Geneva

• A. Gomez Alonso
  
• R. Schmidt
  CERN, Geneva

• D. C. Plostinar
  

• D. C. Plostinar
  
• E. Zh. Sargsyan
  CERN, Geneva

CERN and RAL are working in parallel to develop Front Ends for future particle accelerators. At CERN the Front End will be part of LINAC4, a potential replacement for the Linac2 accelerator, whilst at RAL the Front End is intended to demonstrate that a high current, high quality chopped beam is achievable and that the design could be used as part of a Proton Driver for a future Neutrino Factory. The two Front End designs have many similarities and basically consist of four main components: an H^- ion source, a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) matching into a Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) and a Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line with a fast beam chopper. The beam choppers are different in the two designs and it is important to compare the effectiveness of the two methods of operation. This paper describes a simulation study of high intensity beam dynamics and beam transport when the RAL and CERN MEBT designs are each fed into the same CERN structure for LINAC4.

• Y. A. Cheng
  
• A. Kurup, P. Savage
  Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
• A. P. Letchford
  STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• J. K. Pozimski
  STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon

• J.-P. Carneiro
  
• D. E. Johnson
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

• W. Chou
  
• C. L. Bartelson, B. C. Brown, D. Capista, J. L. Crisp, J. DiMarco, J. Fitzgerald, H. D. Glass, D. J. Harding, B. Hendricks, D. E. Johnson, V. S. Kashikhin, I. Kourbanis, W. F. Robotham, T. Sager, M. Tartaglia, L. Valerio, R. C. Webber, M. Wendt, D. Wolff, M.-J. Yang
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

A two-year Large Aperture Quadrupole (WQB) Project was completed in the summer of 2006 at Fermilab.* Nine WQBs were designed, fabricated and bench-tested by the Technical Division. Seven of them were installed in the Main Injector and the other two for spares. They perform well. The aperture increase meets the design goal and the perturbation to the lattice is minimal. The machine acceptance in the injection and extraction regions is increased from 40π to 60π mm-mrad. This paper gives a brief report of the operation and performance of these magnets. Details can be found in Ref**.

* D. Harding et al, "A Wide Aperture Quadrupole for the Fermilab Main Injector," this conference.
** W. Chou, Fermilab Beams-doc-#2479, http://beamdocs.fnal.gov/AD-public/DocDB/DocumentDatabase

• N. M. Gelfand
  

Measurements of the tune on the front porch of the Tevatron* showed a drift of the tune which tracked the time dependence of the sextupole moment in the dipoles. Calculations using survey data to calculate the closed orbit failed to reproduce the observed tune shifts. The feed down of these sextupole moments generates a quadrupole field at the ends of the dipoles. It is suggested, based on calculations, that the change in the sextupole moment of the dipoles also produces a change in the strength of the strength of the zero length quadrupole incorporated in the end of the dipoles and that this change can account for the observed tune drifts.

*Tevatron Chromaticity and Tune Drift and Snapshot Studies Report, G. Annala, P. Bauer, M. Martens, D. Still, G. Velev, Beams-doc-1236 (Jan. 5,2005)

• M. A. Martens
  
• S. C. Childress, N. L. Grossman, P. Hurh, J. Hylen, A. Marchionni, E. McCluskey, C. D. Moore, R. E. Reilly, S. Tariq, A. Wehmann, K. E. Williams, R. M. Zwaska
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

The NuMI beamline at Fermilab has been operational since the spring of 2005 delivering high-intensity neutrino beams to the MINOS experiment. A beam power on target of 310 kW has been achieved and a total of more than 2·10²⁰ protons have been delivered to the NuMI target. Upgrades to NuMI are planned in preparation for the future MINERvA and NOvA neutrino experiments increasing the NuMI beam power capability from 400 kW to 700 kW and then as much as 1.2 MW. An overview of the future upgrade to NuMI is presented.

• T. Sen
  
• J. A. Johnstone
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

• V. D. Shiltsev
  
• T. Kroyer, R. de Maria
  CERN, Geneva

• M. Walter
  
• G. Bai, B. L. Beaudoin, S. Bernal, D. W. Feldman, T. F. Godlove, I. Haber, R. A. Kishek, P. G. O'Shea, C. Papadopoulos, M. Reiser, D. Stratakis, D. F. Sutter, J. C.T. Thangaraj, C. Wu
  UMD, College Park, Maryland

The University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) is a low energy, high current recirculator for beam physics research. The electron beam current is adjustable from 0.7 mA, an emittance dominated beam, to 100 mA, a strongly space charge dominated beam. UMER is addressing issues in beam physics relevant to many applications that require intense beams of high quality such as advanced concept accelerators, free electron lasers, spallation neutron sources, and future heavy-ion drivers for inertial fusion. The primary focus of this presentation is experimental results and improvements in multi-turn operation of the electron ring. Transport of a low current beam over 100 turns (3600 full lattice periods) has been achieved. Results of high current, space charge dominated multi-turn transport will also be presented.

• M. Walter
  
• G. Bai, B. L. Beaudoin, S. Bernal, D. W. Feldman, T. F. Godlove, I. Haber, R. A. Kishek, P. G. O'Shea, C. Papadopoulos, M. Reiser, D. Stratakis, D. F. Sutter, J. C.T. Thangaraj, C. Wu
  UMD, College Park, Maryland

The University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) is a low energy, high current recirculator for beam physics research. The electron storage ring has been closed and recent operations have been focused on achieving multi-turn transport. An entire suite of terminal diagnostics is available for time-resolved phase space measurements of the beam. These diagnostics have been mounted and tested at several points on the ring before it was closed. UMER utilizes a unique injection scheme which uses the fringe fields of an offset quadrupole to assist a pulsed dipole in bending the beam into the ring. Similar concepts, along with more traditional electrostatic methods, are being considered for beam extraction. This presentation will focus on the recent efforts to design and deploy these major subsystems required for beam extraction.

• I. Baek
  
• R. Remec
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
• R. M. Ronningen, X. Wu, A. Zeller
  NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan

In supporting pre-conceptual research and development of the Rare-Isotope Accelerator facility or similar next-generation exotic beam facilities, one critical focus area is to estimate the level of activation and radiation in the linear accelerator second stripping region and to determine if remote handling is necessary in this area. A basic geometric layout of the second stripping region having beamline magnets, beam pipes and boxes, a stripper foil, beam slits, and surrounding concrete shielding was constructed for Monte Carlo simulations. Beam characteristics were provided within the stripping region based on this layout. Radiation fields, radioactive inventories, levels of activation, heat loads on surrounding components, and prompt and delayed radiation dose rates were simulated using Monte-Carlo radiation transport code PHITS. Preliminary results from simulations using a simplified geometry show that remote handling of foils and slits will be necessary. Simulations using a realistic geometry are underway and the results will be presented.

• I. Baek
  
• G. Bollen, M. Hausmann, D. Lawton, R. M. Ronningen, A. Zeller
  NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan

To support pre-conceptual research and development for rare isotope beam production via projectile fragmentation at the Rare-Isotope Accelerator facility or similar next-generation exotic beam facilities, the interactions between primary beams and beryllium and liquid-lithium production targets in the fragment pre-separator area were simulated using the Monte-Carlo radiation transport code PHITS. The purpose of this simulation is to determine the magnitude of the radiation fields in the pre-separator area so that levels of hadron flux and energy deposition can be obtained. It was of particular interest to estimate the maximum radiation doses to magnet coils and other components such as the electromagnetic pump for a liquid-lithium loop, and to estimate component lifetimes. We will show a detailed geometry of the pre-separator area developed for these simulations. We will provide verification that trajectories of beams and fragments when transported in the PHITS simulations agree with results from standard ion-optics calculations. We will present estimates of radiation doses to pre-separator components and give estimates for component lifetimes.

• Q. Zhao
  
• V. Andreev, F. Marti, S. O. Schriber, X. Wu, R. C. York
  NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan

• G. Yocky
  
• Y. Cai, F.-J. Decker, Y. Nosochkov, U. Wienands
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• P. Raimondi
  INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)

• A. V. Aleksandrov
  
• S. Assadi, W. Blokland, P. Chu, S. M. Cousineau, V. V. Danilov, C. Deibele, J. Galambos, S. Henderson, D.-O. Jeon, M. A. Plum, A. P. Shishlo, M. P. Stockli, Y. Zhang
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

The Spallation Neutron Source accelerator systems will deliver a 1.0 GeV, 1.4 MW proton beam to a liquid mercury target for neutron scattering research. The accelerator complex consists of an H^- injector, capable of producing one-ms-long pulses at 60 Hz repetition rate with 38 mA peak current, a 1 GeV linear accelerator, an accumulator ring and associated transport lines. The 2.5 MeV beam from the Front End is accelerated to 86 MeV in the Drift Tube Linac, then to 185 MeV in a Coupled-Cavity Linac and finally to 1 GeV in the Superconducting Linac. With the completion of beam commissioning, the accelerator complex began operation in June 2006 and beam power is being gradually ramped up toward the design goal. Operational experience with the injector and linac will be presented including chopper performance, transverse emittance evolution along the linac, and the results of a beam loss study.

• B. Han
  
• M. P. Stockli
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Beam envelope calculations show that a solenoid-drift-(singlet quad)-(sector dipole)-(singlet quad)-drift-solenoid LEBT allows for transporting 65-kV, high-current H^- beams with smaller beam radii than the initially-explored (doublet quad)-drift-(double-focusing dipole)-drift-solenoid configuration. In addition, it appears that the new configuration is more robust because it allows for perfect matching of the final beam parameters for broad ranges of the parameters describing the lattice and the input beam. Such a LEBT with a dipole (switching-) magnet is required to assure meeting the 99% ion source availability requirement after upgrading the power of the Spallation Neutron Source. The SNS power upgrade will roughly double the neutron flux by increasing the proton beam energy from 1 to 1.3 GeV and by increasing the LINAC beam peak current from 38 to 59 mA. Because the RFQ losses increase with beam current and emittance, the RFQ input current needs to be increased from 41 to 67 mA if the normalized emittance can be maintained at 0.2 mm-mrad, or to 95 mA if the emittance increases to 0.35 mm-mrad.

• J. G. Alessi
  
• E. N. Beebe, J. Brodowski, A. Kponou, M. Okamura, A. I. Pikin, D. Raparia, J. Ritter, L. Snydstrup, V. Zajic
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

A part of a new EBIS-based heavy ion preinjector, the low energy beam transport (LEBT) section between the high current EBIS and the RFQ is a challenging design, because it must serve many functions. In addition to the requirement to provide an efficient matching between the EBIS and the RFQ, this line must serve as a fast switchyard, allowing singly charged ions from external sources to be transported into the EBIS trap region, and extracted, highly charged ions to be deflected to off-axis diagnostics (time-of-flight, or emittance). The space charge of the 5-10 mA extracted heavy ion beam is a major consideration in the design, and the space charge force varies for different ion beams having Q/m from 1-0.16. The line includes electrostatic lenses, spherical and parallel-plate deflectors, magnetic solenoid, and diagnostics for measuring current, charge state distributions, emittance, and profile. A prototype of this beamline has been built, and results of tests will be presented.

• M. Bai
  
• P. Cameron, H. Huang, A. U. Luccio, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, S. Tepikian
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

Snake depolarizing resonances due to the imperfect cancellation of the accumulated perturbations on the spin precession between snakes were observed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider~(RHIC). During the RHIC 2005 and 2006 polarized proton runs, we mapped out the spectrum of odd order snake resonance at Q_y=7/10. Here, Q_y is the beam vertical betatron tune. We also studied the beam polarization after crossing the 7/10th resonance as a function of resonance crossing rate. This paper reports the measured resonance spectrum as well as the results of resonance crossing.

The work was performed under the US Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886, and with support of RIKEN(Japan) and RenaissanceTechnologies C orp.(USA)

• Y. Luo
  
• P. Cameron, A. Della Penna, T. Satogata, D. Trbojevic
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

A beam-based method was proposed and applied to check the polarities of the arc sextupoles in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) with repetitive local horizontal bumps. Wrong sextupole polarities can be easily identified from mismatched signs and amplitudes of the horizontal and vertical tune shifts from bump to bump and/or from arc to arc. This check takes less than 2 hours for both RHIC Blue and Yellow rings. Tune shifts in both planes during this study were tracked with a high-resolution baseband tunemeter (BBQ) system. This method was successfully used to the sextupole polarity check in the RHIC run06.

• J. Payet
  
• S. Auclair, A. Chance, O. Napoly, D. Uriot
  CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette

With the local chromaticity correction scheme, the luminosity optimisation of the beam delivery systems of the e⁺ e^- International Linear Collider (ILC) project is challenging. A manual optimization is a long and complex process and its automation becomes a necessity. Recent works have shown that it was possible to employ a simplex minimization method, applied to the beam size calculation at the Interaction Point (IP), to reach this objective automatically *. To achieve this goal in the ILC case, we have developed a minimization code which uses analytical computations of the IP beam sizes based on external code results, TRANSPORT** or MADX (with PTC extension)***. Two minimization algorithms can be employed. The maximum luminosity reached and the convergence time of the two codes and algorithms are compared. We also used the code TRACEWIN which tracks a particle cloud and minimise the rms beam spot sizes at IP to optimise the luminosity, and we compare with the previous results.

* Non-linear optimization of beam lines, R. Tomas, CLIC Note 659** Third-Order TRANSPORT with MAD Input, D. C. Carey, K. L. Brown and F. Rothacker, FERMILAB-Pub-98/310*** MADX User's Guide CERN

• D. Stratakis
  
• S. Bernal, R. B. Fiorito, I. Haber, R. A. Kishek, P. G. O'Shea, C. Papadopoulos, M. Reiser, J. C.T. Thangaraj, K. Tian, M. Walter
  UMD, College Park, Maryland

A common challenge for accelerator systems is to maintain beam quality and brightness over the usually long distance from the source to the target. In order to do so, knowledge of the beam distribution in both configuration and velocity space along the beam line is needed. However, measurement of the velocity distribution can be difficult, especially for beams with strong space charge. Here we present a simple and portable tomographic method to map the beam phase space, which can be used in the majority of accelerators. The tomographic reconstruction process has first been compared with results from simulations using the particle-in-cell code WARP. Results show excellent agreement even for beams with extreme space charge and exotic distributions. Our diagnostic has also been successfully demonstrated experimentally on the University of Maryland Electron Ring, a compact ring designed to study the transverse dynamics of beams in both emittance and space charge dominated regimes. Special emphasis is given to intense beams where our phase space tomography diagnostic is used to shed light on the consequences of the space charge forces on the transport of these beams.

• R. Amirikas
  
• A. Bertolini, W. Bialowons
  DESY, Hamburg

In this presentation, we will report on a comprehensive vibration measurement program of a superconducting accelerating module designed for the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL), currently planned at DESY, at room temperature. This module is a type III, high gradient module which is also the basis of module design for the International Linear Collider (ILC). We will discuss stability within the vessel, for example, cold mass vs. He Gas Return Pipe (GRP), as well as stability along the length of the module. Results of this study may be used for the design of future XFEL/ILC module prototypes.

• R. Amirikas
  
• A. Bertolini, W. Bialowons
  DESY, Hamburg

The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) and the International Linear Collider (ILC) superconducting accelerating modules, containing a string of Niobium (Nb) cavities and a quadrupole, will operate at 2K. In this paper, we will report on the vibration stability studies of a high gradient XFEL/ILC type III superconducting accelerating module quadrupole operating at 4.5K. Measurements are performed via geophones affixed on the cold mass in both horizontal and vertical directions. This data will be compared with piezoelectric accelerometers for the same module. The goal is to study the stability of the cold quadrupole and to compare the results with room temperature conditions.

• M. McGee
  
• R. Doremus, R. Wands
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

Operated by Universities Research Association, Inc., under Contract No. DE-AC02-76CH03000 with the U. S. Department of Energy#mcgee@fnal.gov

• S. P. Virostek
  
• M. D. Hoff, D. Li, J. W. Staples, R. P. Wells
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

A high-yield neutron source to screen sea-land cargo containers for shielded Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) has been designed at LBNL. The Accelerator-Driven Neutron Source (ADNS) utilizes the D(d,n)³He reaction to produce a forward directed neutron beam. Key components are a high-current radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator and a high-power neutron production target capable of delivering a neutron flux of >10⁷ n/(cm² s) at a distance of 2.5 m. The mechanical design and analysis of the four-module, bolt-together RFQ will be presented here. Operating at 200 MHz, the 5.1 m long RFQ will accelerate a 40 mA deuteron beam to 6 MeV. At a 5% duty factor, the time-average d+ beam current on target is 1.5 mA. Each of the 1.27 m long RFQ modules will consist of four solid OFHC copper vanes. A specially designed 3-D O-ring will be used to provide vacuum sealing between both the vanes and the modules. RF connections are made by means of canted coil spring contacts. Quadrupole mode stabilization is obtained with a series of 60 water-cooled pi-mode rods. A set of 80 evenly spaced fixed slug tuners is used for final frequency adjustment and local field perturbation correction.

• R. Ferdinand
  

• M. E. Schulze
  
• E. O. Abeyta, P. Aragon, R. Archuleta, J. Barraza, D. Dalmas, C. Ekdahl, K. Esquibel, S. Eversole, R. J. Gallegos, J. Harrison, E. Jacquez, J. Johnson, P. S. Marroquin, B. T. McCuistian, N. Montoya, S. Nath, L. J. Rowton, R. D. Scarpetti, M. Schauer
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• R. Anaya, G. J. Caporaso, F. W. Chambers, Y.-J. Chen, S. Falabella, G. Guethlein, J. F. McCarrick, B. A. Raymond, R. A. Richardson, J. A. Watson, J. T. Weir
  LLNL, Livermore, California
• H. Bender, W. Broste, C. Carlson, D. Frayer, D. Johnson, A. Tipton, C.-Y. Tom
  NSTec, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• T. C. Genoni, T. P. Hughes, C. H. Thoma
  Voss Scientific, Albuquerque, New Mexico

• S. P. Møller
  
• T. Andersen, F. Bødker, A. Baurichter, P. A. Elkiaer, C. E. Hansen, N. Hauge, T. Holst, I. Jensen, L. K. Kruse, S. M. Madsen, M. Sager, S. V. Weber
  Danfysik A/S, Jyllinge
• K. Blasche
  BTE Heidelberg, Ingeniurburo, Schriesheim
• B. Franczak
  GSI, Darmstadt

• O. Napoly
  
• M. Alabau, P. Bambade, J. Brossard, O. Dadoun, C. Rimbault
  LAL, Orsay
• D. A.-K. Angal-Kalinin, F. Jackson, S. I. Tzenov
  STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
• R. Appleby
  UMAN, Manchester
• B. Balhan, J. Borburgh, B. Goddard
  CERN, Geneva
• O. Delferriere, M. Durante, J. Payet, C. Rippon, D. Uriot
  CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
• Y. Iwashita
  Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
• L. Keller
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• S. Kuroda
  KEK, Ibaraki
• G. L. Sabbi
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

An interaction region with head-on collisions is considered as an alternative to the baseline ILC configuration. Progress in the final focus optics design includes engineered large bore superconducting final doublet magnets and their 3D magnetic integration in the detector solenoids. Progress on the beam separation optics is based on technical designs of electrostatic separator and special extraction quadripoles. The spent beam extraction is realized by a staged collimation scheme relying on realistic collimators. The impact on the detector background is estimated. The possibility of technical tests of the most challenging components is investigated.

• Y. Iwashita
  
• H. Fujisawa, M. Ichikawa, Y. Tajima
  Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
• M. Kumada
  NIRS, Chiba-shi
• S. Kuroda, T. Okugi, T. Tauchi
  KEK, Ibaraki
• C. M. Spencer
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

An adjustable permanent magnet quadrupole has been developed for the final focus in an electron-positron linear collider. The design has two concentric rings of permanent magnets. Recent activities include a newly fabricated inner ring that demonstrates the strongest field gradient at a small bore diameter of 15mm and a new magnetic field measurement system based on a rotating coil. The prospects of the R&D will be discussed.

• C. Piel
  
• K. Dunkel, C. Schulz
  ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach

• P. Fischer
  
• N. Mueller, A. Schempp
  IAP, Frankfurt am Main

• E.-S. Kim
  

• A. Ferrari
  

Strong beam-beam effects at the interaction point of a high-energy e⁺e^- linear collider such as CLIC lead to an emittance growth for the outgoing beams, as well as to the production of beamstrahlung photons and e⁺e^- coherent pairs. We present a conceptual design of the post-collision line for CLIC at 3 TeV, which separates the various components of the outgoing beam in a vertical magnetic chicane and then transports them to their respective dump.

• A. Ferrari
  
• A. Latina, L. Rinolfi, F. Tecker
  CERN, Geneva

• A. Latina
  
• P. Eliasson
  Uppsala University, Uppsala
• D. Schulte
  CERN, Geneva

Misalignments in the main linac of future linear colliders can lead to significant emittance growth. Beam-based alignment algorithms, such as Dispersion Free Steering (DFS), are necessary to mitigate these effects. We study how to use the Bunch Compressor to create the off-energy beams necessary for DFS and discuss the effectiveness of this method.

• D. Schulte
  
• P. Eliasson, A. Latina
  CERN, Geneva

Complex beam-based alignment procedures are needed in future linear colliders to reduce the negative effects of static imperfections in the main linac on the beam emittance. The efficiency of these procedures could be affected by dynamic imperfections during their application. In this paper we study the resulting emittance growth.

• F. Tecker
  
• C. Biscari, A. Ghigo
  INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
• E. Bressi
  CNAO Foundation, Milan
• R. Corsini, S. Doebert, P. K. Skowronski, P. Urschutz
  CERN, Geneva
• A. Ferrari
  UU/ISV, Uppsala

• F. Jackson
  
• R. J. Barlow, A. M. Toader
  UMAN, Manchester
• A. Latina, D. Schulte
  CERN, Geneva

• K. G. Panagiotidis
  
• A. Wolski
  Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool

• R. Appleby
  
• D. A.-K. Angal-Kalinin
  STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
• P. Bambade, S. Cavalier, O. Dadoun
  LAL, Orsay
• D. Toprek
  UMAN, Manchester

• C. Johnstone
  
• S. R. Koscielniak
  TRIUMF, Vancouver

Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) machines have been the subject of recent international activity due to their potential for medical applications and accelerator-based technologies. In particular, nonscaling FFAGs (where the optics are not constant and therefore do not scale with momentum) stand to offer the high current advantage of the cyclotron combined with the smaller radial aperture of the synchrotron plus variable extraction energy. Here, a hybrid design for a nonscaling FFAG accelerator has been invented which uses both edge and alternating-gradient focusing principles applied to a combined-function magnet applied in a specific configuration to stabilize tunes through an acceleration cycle which extends over a factor of 2-6 in momentum. Using normal conducting magnets, the final, extracted energy from this machine attains 400 MeV/nucleon and a normalized emittance of ~10 - 20π, and thus supports a carbon ion beam in the energy range of interest for cancer therapy.

• P. Lebrun
  
• L. Michelotti, J.-F. Ostiguy
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

• N. Solyak
  
• K. Ranjan
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

This paper reports the studies of using global emittance tuning bumps to limit the emittance growth to very small values in the main linac of the proposed International Linear Collider (ILC) machine. Simulation studies indicate that closed-orbit emittance bumps, when used after local or quasi-local beam based alignment techniques, can be utilized to further suppress the emittance growth in the ILC main linac. A series of simulations are performed to find the optimal number of bumps and their locations. A more general method of optimizing the emittance bumps in the ILC main linac is also discussed.

• A. Valishev
  
• N. Solyak
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
• M. Woodley
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

• K. Yonehara
  
• R. J. Abrams, M. A.C. Cummings, R. P. Johnson, S. A. Kahn, T. J. Roberts
  Muons, Inc, Batavia
• D. R. Broemmelsiek, M. Hu, A. Jansson, V. D. Shiltsev
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

MANX is an experiment to prove that effective six-dimensional (6D) muon beam cooling can be achieved a Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) using ionization-cooling with helical and solenoidal magnets in a novel configuration. The aim is to demonstrate that 6D muon beam cooling is understood well enough to plan intense neutrino factories and high-luminosity muon colliders. The experiment consists of the HCC magnets that envelop a liquid helium energy absorber, upstream and downstream instrumentation to measure the particle or beam parameters before and after cooling, and emittance matching sections between the detectors and the HCC. We describe and compare the experimental configuration for both single particle and beam profile measurement techniques based on G4Beamline simulations.

• I. Reichel
  

The current design for the injection and extraction lines into and out of the ILC Damping Rings is presented as well as the design for the abort line. Due to changes of the geometric boundary conditions by other subsystems of the ILC a modular approach has been used to be able to respond to recurring layout changes while reusing previously designed parts. Available beam dynamics studies for those lines are discussed.

• I. Reichel
  

Designing a lattice with sufficient dynamic aperture for the ILC Damping Rings is very challenging as the lattice needs to provide a small equilibrium emittance and at the same time a large aperture for the injected beam including a large momentum acceptance. In addition outside constraints have forced layout changes in the damping ring. Some of the layout changes had an impact on the dynamic aperture. In order to better understand the changes in dynamic aperture, frequency maps are studied. Those studies can help in identifying the reason for the changed dynamic aperture and in finding a good location for the betatron tunes and determining an upper limit for the chromaticities. A summary of recent studies and suggestions improving the dynamic aperture by choosing a different tune are presented.

• P. Muggli
  
• M. Babzien, K. Kusche, V. Yakimenko
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• E. K. Kallos
  USC, Los Angeles, California
• W. D. Kimura
  STI, Washington

The presentation will cover experimental results on generation and measurement of the beams with theμbunches length from 1 to 50 microns at Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility. Arbitrary number of microbunches is sliced out of 5 ps long beam using wire mesh and slits. The details of beam structure are characterized using CSR interferometer and 6 mm long plasma wakefield channel with the controllable plasma density.

• C. M.S. Sears
  
• R. L. Byer, T. Plettner
  Stanford University, Stanford, Califormia
• E. R. Colby, B. M. Cowan, R. Ischebeck, C. Mcguinness, R. J. Noble, R. Siemann, J. E. Spencer, D. R. Walz
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

• S. Seletskiy
  

[1] 'International Linear Collider Reference Design Report', April 2007
[2] Y Nosochkov, A. Seryi, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 8, 021001 (2005)
[3] B. Parker, A. Seryi, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 8, 041001 (2005)

• S. Golge
  
• A. Freyberger
  Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
• C. Hyde-Wright
  ODU, Norfolk, Virginia

A positron source for the 6 GeV (or the proposed 12 GeV upgrade) recirculating linacs at Jefferson Lab is presented. The proposed 100nA CW positron source has several unique characteristics; high incident beam power (100kW), 10 MeV incident electron beam energy, CW incident beam and CW production. Positron production with 10 MeV electrons has several advantages; the energy is below neutron threshold so the production target will not become activated during use and the absolute energy spread is bounded by the low incident energy. These advantages are offset by the large angular distribution of the outgoing positrons. Results of simulations of the positron production, capture, acceleration and injection into the recirculating linac are presented. Energy flow and thermal management of the production target present a challenge and are included in the simulations.

• D. J. Summers
  
• L. M. Cremaldi, R. Godang, B. R. Kipapa, H. E. Rice
  UMiss, University, Mississippi
• R. B. Palmer
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

Muon acceleration from 30 to 750 GeV in 72 orbits using two rings in the 1000m radius Tevatron tunnel is explored. The first ring ramps at 400 Hz and accelerates muons from 30 to 400 GeV in 28 orbits using 14 GV of 1.3 GHz superconducting RF. The ring duplicates the Fermilab 400 GeV main ring FODO lattice, which had a 61m cell length. Muon survival is 80%. The second ring accelerates muons from 400 to 750 GeV in 44 orbits using 8 GV of 1.3 GHz superconducting RF. The 30 T/m main ring quadrupoles are lengthened 87% to 3.3m. The four main ring dipoles in each half cell are replaced by three dipoles which ramp at 550 Hz from -1.8T to +1.8T interleaved with two 8T fixed superconducting dipoles. The ramping and superconducting dipoles oppose each other at 400 GeV and act in unison at 750 GeV. Muon survival is 92%. Two mm copper wire, 0.28mm grain oriented silicon steel laminations, and a low duty cycle mitigate eddy current losses. Low emittance muon bunches allow small aperatures and permit magnets to ramp with a few thousand volts. Little civil construction is required. The tunnel exists.

• J. S. Berg
  
• S. R. Koscielniak
  TRIUMF, Vancouver
• S. Machida
  STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• A. G. Ruggiero
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

EMMA is a 10 to 20 MeV electron ring designed to test our understanding of beam dynamics in a relativistic linear non-scaling fixed field alternating gradient accelerator (FFAG). This paper describes the design of the EMMA lattice. We begin with a description of the experimental goals that impact the lattice design. We then describe what motivated the choice for the basic lattice parameters, such as the type of cells, the number of cells, and the RF frequency. We next list the different configurations that we wish to operate the machine in so as to accomplish our experimental goals. Finally, we enumerate the detailed lattice parameters, showing how these parameters result from the various lattice configurations.

• M. J. Spencer
  
• M. J. Boland, R. T. Dowd, G. LeBlanc, Y. E. Tan
  ASP, Clayton, Victoria

• A. Baartman
  
• D. Kaltchev
  TRIUMF, Vancouver

• A. Baartman
  
• D. Kaltchev
  TRIUMF, Vancouver

The Enge function can be used to parametrize any element with well-defined edges. If an element is too short, however, there is no unambiguous definition of the effective edge. We first demonstrate that very little fringe field detail is needed to obtain accurate maps even up to fifth order. Then we go on to show a simple fitting algorithm that works well for short as well as long quadrupoles. The results are true whether the quads are magnetic or electrostatic.

• F. W. Jones
  
• E. Y. Wildner
  CERN, Geneva

• M. K. Craddock
  
• S. R. Koscielniak
  TRIUMF, Vancouver

• J. F. Cardona
  

It's been shown in previous conferences [*,**] that action and phase jump analysis is a promising method to measure normal quadrupole components, skew quadrupole components and even normal sextupole components. In this paper, the action and phase jump analysis is evaluated using new RHIC data.

*J. Cardona,et al, Procceedings of PAC 2005, Knoxville, Tennesse.**J. Cardona,et al, Procceedings of EPAC 2004, Lucerne, Switzerland.

• A. S. Parfenova
  
• G. Franchetti, I. Hofmann, C. Omet
  GSI, Darmstadt
• S.-Y. Lee
  IUCF, Bloomington, Indiana

• F. Poirier
  
• D. Kruecker, N. J. Walker
  DESY, Hamburg

The small energy-spread, weak wakefields and relatively weak focusing in the ILC superconducting Main Linac result in little or no filamentation beam mismatch errors: linear correlations such as dispersion or cross-plane coupling from transverse misalignment or rotation errors of the quadrupoles respectively do not decohere as the beam is transported (accelerated) along the linac. Using correction available in the Beam Delivery System, the increase in projected emittance due to this linear correlations can to a large degree be corrected. In this paper we present component tolerances based on the assumption of a global correction at the end of the Main Linac. Some discussion on the impact of ground motion is also discussed.

• A. N. Chechenin
  
• Y. Senichev, N. E. Vasyukhin
  FZJ, Julich

• Y. Senichev
  

• T. Kanesue
  
• M. Okamura, D. Raparia, J. Ritter
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• J. Tamura
  Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo

• T. Ohkawa
  
• H. Ao, A. Ueno
  JAEA/LINAC, Ibaraki-ken
• K. Hasegawa
  JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
• M. Ikegami
  KEK, Ibaraki
• H. Sako
  JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken

• H. Ohgaki
  
• Y. Iwasaki, T. Tomimasu
  SAGA, Tosu
• S. Koda, Y. Takabayashi, K. Yoshida
  Saga Synchrotron Light Source, Industry Promotion Division, Saga City

• K. Y. Kim
  
• Y.-S. Cho, B. Chung, J.-H. Jang
  KAERI, Daejon

The proton engineering frontier project (PEFP) 100-MeV proton linac has two main beamline systems to extract and deliver the proton beam to the user. The one is designed to extract 20-MeV proton beams at the medium energy transport system of the linac and to deliver them to five target stations through a beam switching system. The other is able to extract 100-MeV proton beams at the end of the linac and to deliver them to another five target stations trough a beam distribution system. We have completed the detailed beam optics designs of the beamline system and performed intensive error analyses to set the marginal limits of engineering errors of the beamline components by using a dedicated beam transport code. The paper presents the error analysis results of the PEFP beamline systems along with their characteristics and beam optics designs.

• A. Latina
  
• R. J. Barlow, A. Bungau
  UMAN, Manchester
• G. A. Blair
  Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey
• G. Rumolo, D. Schulte
  CERN, Geneva
• J. D.A. Smith
  Lancaster University, Lancaster

• E. Todesco
  
• R. W. Assmann, J.-P. Koutchouk, E. Metral, G. Sterbini, F. Zimmermann, R. de Maria
  CERN, Geneva

• Y.-E. S. Sun
  
• K.-J. Kim, J. G. Power
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois
• P. Piot, M. M. Rihaoui
  Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois

Transverse-to-longitudinal emittance exchange can be achieved through certain arrangements of dipole magnets and dipole mode rf cavity. Theory on such schemes has been developed in the past several years. In this paper we report our numerical simulations on the emittance exchange using particle tracking codes. Photoelectron beams with energy less than 20 MeV are used, as our purpose of simulations is to study the feasibility of performing such emittance exchange at existing facilities of beam energy at this level. Parametric studies of the dipole magnets and cavity strengths, as well as initial beam parameters, are presented.

• B. Sayyar-Rodsari
  
• E. Hartman, C. A. Schweiger
  Pavilion Technologies, Inc, Austin, Texas
• M. J. Lee, P. Lui, J. M. Paterson, J. F. Schmerge
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

High brightness electron beam sources such as rf photo-injectors as proposed for SASE FELs must consistently produce the desired beam quality. We report the results of a study in which a combined neural network (NN) and first-principles (FP) model is used to model the transverse phase space of the beam as a function of quadrupole magnet current, while beam charge, solenoid field, accelerator gradient, and linac voltage and phase are kept constant. The parametric transport matrix between the exit of the linac section and the spectrometer screen constitutes the FP component of the combined model. The NN block provides the parameters of the transport matrix as functions of quad current. Using real data from SLAC Gun Test Facility, we will highlight the significance of the constrained training of the NN block and show that the phase space of the beam is accurately modelled by the combined NN and FP model, while variations of beam matrix parameters with the quad current are correctly captured. We plan to extend the combined model in the future to capture the effects of variations in beam charge, solenoid field, and accelerator voltage and phase.

• Y. Alexahin
  
• E. Gianfelice-Wendt
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
• V. V. Kapin
  MEPhI, Moscow
• F. Schmidt
  CERN, Geneva

Turn-by-turn BPM data provide immediate information on the coupledoptics functions at BPM locations. In the case of small deviations from the known (design) uncoupled optics some cognizance of the sources of perturbation, BPM calibration errors and tilts can also be inferred without detailed lattice modelling. In practical situations, however, fitting the lattice model with the help of some optics code would lead to more reliable results. We present an algorithm for coupled optics reconstruction from TBT data on the basis of MAD-X and give examples of its application for the Fermilab Tevatron and Booster accelerators.

• P. Snopok
  
• M. Berz
  MSU, East Lansing, Michigan
• C. Johnstone
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

• J.-F. Ostiguy
  
• L. Michelotti
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

Mxyzptlk was one of the early and, to this day, limited number of differentiation engines implemented by taking full advantage of a language with operator overloading capabilities. It was created with an eye at enabling accelerator related computations, especially within the realm of perturbation theories. Such computations are supported by (1) a one-to-one correspondence between original mathematical abstractions and the data types and operations used to implement them; (2) the exact computation of high order derivatives. Significant efforts were invested recently in modernizing Mxyzptlk both architecturally and algorithmically. Among other things, these substantially improved performance and usabilty. We present a description of the current Mxyzptlk from both standpoints and describe its current capabilities and performance.

• M.-J. Yang
  

• O. A. Anderson
  
• L. L. LoDestro
  LLNL, Livermore, California

The Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij equations describe the evolution of the beam envelopes in a periodic system of quadrupole focusing cells and are widely used to help predict the performance of such systems. Being nonlinear, they are usually solved by numerical integration. There have been numerous papers describing approximate solutions with varying degrees of accuracy. We have found an exact solution for a matched beam in the limit of zero space charge. The model is FODO with a full occupancy, piecewise-constant focusing function. Our explicit result for the envelope a(z) is exact for phase advances up to 180 degrees and all other values except multiples of 180 degrees. The peak envelope size is minimized at 90 degrees. The higher stable bands require larger, very accurate, field strengths while producing significantly larger envelope excursions.

• C. Xu
  
• C. K. Allen
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• E. Schuster
  Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

• D. R. Dechow
  
• D. T. Abell, P. Stoltz
  Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado
• J. F. Amundson
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
• L. Curfman McInnes, B. Norris
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

A component-based beam dynamics application for modeling collective effects in particle accelerators has been developed. The Common Component Architecture (CCA) software infrastructure was used to compose a new Python-steered accelerator simulation from a set of services provided by two separate beam dynamics packages (Synergia and MaryLie/Impact) and two high-performance computer science packages (PETSc and FFTW). The development of the proof-of-concept application was accomplished via the following tasks:

1. addressing multilanguage interoperability in the MaryLie/Impact code with Babel;
2. creating components by making the selected software objects adhere to the Common Component Architecture protocol;
3. assemblying the components with a newly developed, Component Builder gui; and
4. characterizing the performance of the space charge (Poisson) solver that was originally used in Synergia 1.0 versus the PETSc-based space charge solver that has been developed for Synergia2.

• S. Bernal
  
• B. L. Beaudoin, R. A. Kishek, P. G. O'Shea, M. Reiser, D. F. Sutter
  UMD, College Park, Maryland

The University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) is designed for the transport of low energy (10 keV), high current (100 mA) electrons in a 72-magnetic-quadrupole lattice over an 11.5 m circumference. With these parameters, and a typical single-particle phase advance per period of 76 deg., space charge is extreme. However, high current is not necessary for establishing space charge dominated transport in UMER. In fact, low current (0.6 mA) beam transport in combination with longer full-lattice periods can yield strong space charge conditions. All 72 quadrupoles are needed, though, to yield beams with relatively small cross sections, as required for emittance-dominated transport. We present results of calculations and experiments that demonstrate the low-current, high space charge regime in UMER. We also discuss the use of Collins-type insertions for matching into the ring lattice.

• C. Papadopoulos
  
• G. Bai, B. L. Beaudoin, I. Haber, R. A. Kishek, P. G. O'Shea, M. Reiser, M. Walter
  UMD, College Park, Maryland

This is a numerical study of the effects of skew quadrupoles on the beam used in University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER). As this beam is space-charge dominated, we expect new phenomena to be present compared to the emittance-dominated case. In our studies we find that skew quadrupoles can severely affect the halo of the beam and cause emittance growth, even in the first turn of the beam. For our simulations we used the WARP particle-in-cell code and we compared the results with the experimental study of skew quadrupole effects (to be reported separately).

• G. H. Gillespie
  
• W. Hill
  G. H. Gillespie Associates, Inc., Del Mar, California

The Particle Beam Optics Laboratory, or PBO Lab, is a suite of software applications developed to support beamline design, accelerator operations, and personnel training. The software provides an intuitive and easy-to-use graphic user interface (GUI) that works with a variety of particle optics codes. The PBO Lab GUI is largely responsible for the popularity of this software suite, which is now used at more than ninety institutions throughout the world. While PBO Lab greatly improves the human-machine interface for several popular optics programs, it has historically required a significant effort to incorporate additional optics codes into the software suite. The Open Architecture Software Integration System, or OASIS, provides an innovative framework that allows users to readily integrate their own optics programs into PBO Lab. This paper provides an overview of the OASIS framework and describes some of the new PBO Lab Modules that have been created using OASIS.

• F.-J. Decker
  
• Y. Cai, Y. Nosochkov, Y. T. Yan, G. Yocky
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

The low energy ring (LER) in PEP-II has a design emittance of 0.5 nm-rad in the vertical, compared to nearly 0.1 nm-rad for the HER ring. This was thought to come from the "vertical step" of about 1 m in the interaction straight, where the LER beam after horizontal separation gets bend vertical so it sits on top of the HER in the rest of the ring. Since the program MAD does not easily reveal the location of the major emittance contribution, a program was written to calculate the coupled "curly H" parameter of mode 2 (mainly vertical) along z. Weighting it with the magnet bending revealed that the weak long bends inside the "vertical step" did less than 20% of the emittance growth. More than 80% comes from the ends of the adjacent arcs with strong bends. This is caused by the coupling cancellation of the solenoid starting already there with the skew quadrupoles SK5 and 6. By introducing additional skews in the straight instead of SK5 and 6 the emittance could be reduced by a factor of ten in simulations, but with very strong skews. Reasonable strong magnets might generate a workable compromise, since a factor of two in emittance promises 50% more luminosity in beam-beam simulations.

• W. Wittmer
  

The PEP II lattices are unique in their detector solenoid field compensation scheme by utilizing a set of skew quadrupoles in the IR region and the adjacent arcs left and right from the IP. Additionally the design orbit through this region is nonzero. This combined with the strong local coupling wave makes it very difficult to calculate IP tuning knobs which are orthogonal and closed. The usual approach results either in non-closure, not being orthogonal or the change in magnet strength being too big. To find a solution the set of tuning quads had to be extended which resulted having more degrees of freedom than constrains. To find the optimal set of quadrupoles which creates a linear, orthogonal and closed knob and simultaneously minimizing the changes in magnet strength, the method using Singular Value Decomposition, Response Matrices and an Adapted Moore Penrose Method had to be extended. The results of these simulations are discussed below and the results of first implementation in the machine are shown.

• R. M. Bodenstein
  
• M. G. Tiefenback
  Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia

The CEBAF recirculating accelerator consists of two CW superconducting RF linacs, through which an electron beam is accelerated for up to 5 passes. Focusing and steering elements affect each pass differently, requiring a multipass steering protocol to correct the orbits. Perturbations include lens misalignments (including long-term ground motion), BPM offsets, and focusing and steering from RF fields inside the cavities. A previous treatment of this problem assumed all perturbations were localized at the quadrupoles and the absence of x-y coupling. Having analyzed the problem and characterized the solutions, we developed an empirical iterative protocol to compare against previous results in the presence of skew fields and cross-plane coupling. We plan to characterize static and acceleration-dependent components of the beam line perturbations to allow systematic and rapid configuration of the accelerator at different linac energy gains.

• N. Barov
  
• S. Reiche
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California

Many simulation efforts make use of integrated numerical experiments, where the inputs and outputs of several accelerator codes are tied together. This is usually accomplished by writing custom scripts that launch the underlying programs and perform data format translation. We present a way to simplify this process by using a graphical user interface that allows one to describe the data flow in the style of the LabVIEW and Simulink environments. A module to support a new accelerator code involves writing data translators to/from a common format (SDDS or HDF5), and a function to generate an input file based on a standard way of specifying an accelerator lattice (such as Accelerator Markup Language, or AML).

• R. Calaga
  
• R. Tomas, F. Zimmermann
  CERN, Geneva

The tight mechanical aperture for the LHC imposes severe constraints on both the beta and dispersion beating. Robust techniques to compensate these errors are critical for operation of high intensity beams in the LHC. We present simulations using realistic errors from magnet measurements and alignment tolerances in the presence of BPM noise. Correction reveals that the use of BPM calibration and model independent observables are key ingredients to accomplish optics correction. Experiments at RHIC to verify the algorithms for optics correction are also presented.

• R. P. Fliller
  
• D. A. Edwards, H. Edwards
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
• K. C. Harkay, K.-J. Kim
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois
• T. W. Koeth
  Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey

The A0 photoinjector is being reconfigured to test the principal of transverse to longitudinal emittance exchange as proposed by Emma et. al., Kim and Sessler, and others. The ability to perform such an exchange could have major advantages to FELs by reducing the transverse emittance. Several schemes to carry out the exchange are possible and will be reported separately. At the Fermilab A0 Photoinjector we are constructing a beamline to demonstrate this transverse to longitudinal emittance exchange. This beamline will consist of a dogleg, and a TM110 5 cell copper cavity followed by another dogleg. The beamline is designed to reuse the bunch compressor dipoles of the photoinjector, along with some existing diagnostics. Beamline layout and optics discussed along with inital data. Future possibilites of performing a similar experiment at the proposed NML facility at Fermilab are also discussed.

• C. Montag
  

Polarized protons are injected into the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) just above transition energy. When installation of a cold partial Siberian snake in the AGS required lowering the injection energy by Delta gamma=0.56, the transition energy in RHIC had to be lowered accordingly to ensure proper longitudinal matching. This paper presents lattice modifications implemented to lower the transition energy by ∆ γ_t=0.8.

• N. Tsoupas
  
• L. Ahrens, R. Alforque, M. Bai, K. A. Brown, E. D. Courant, J. Glenn, H. Huang, A. K. Jain, W. W. MacKay, M. Okamura, T. Roser, S. Tepikian
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

The AGS synchrotron employs two partial helical snakes* to preserve the polarization of the proton beam during acceleration in the AGS. The effect of the helical snakes on the beam optics is significant at injection energy, with the effect greatly diminishing early in the acceleration cycle. In order to compensate for the effect of the snakes on the beam optics, we have introduced eight compensation quadrupoles in straight sections of the AGS at the proximity of the partial snakes. At injection the strength of these eight quads is set at a high value but ramped down to zero when the effect of the snakes diminishes. Four of the compensation quadrupoles had to be placed in very short straight sections therefore had to be 'thin' with a length of ~30 cm. The 'thin' quadrupoles were laminated and designed to minimize the strength of the dodecoupole harmonic. The thickness of the lamination was also calculated** to keep the ohmic losses generated by the eddy currents in the laminations below an acceptable limit. Comparison of the measured and calculated harmonics will be presented and the ohmic losses due to the eddy currents, as a function of time during rumping will be discussed.

* H. Huang, et al., Proc. EPAC06, (2006), p. 273.** OPERA computer code. Vector Fields Inc.

• J. C. Tompkins
  
• J. A. Clarke
  Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire
• V. S. Kashikhin
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
• M. A. Palmer
  CLASSE, Ithaca
• B. Parker
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

• G. L. Sabbi
  

• L. Rossi
  

• L. Bottura
  
• P. Bestmann, N. Catalan-Lasheras, S. D. Fartoukh, S. S. Gilardoni, M. Giovannozzi, J. B. Jeanneret, M. Karppinen, A. M. Lombardi, K. H. Mess, D. P. Missiaen, M. Modena, R. Ostojic, Y. Papaphilippou, P. Pugnat, S. Ramberger, S. Sanfilippo, W. Scandale, F. Schmidt, N. Siegel, A. P. Siemko, D. Tommasini, T. Tortschanoff, E. Y. Wildner
  CERN, Geneva

• V. Chohan
  
• N. Ali, P. Awale, S. Bahuguna, V. Chauhan, M. Y. Dixit, J. A. Gore, J. John, E. Kandaswamy, A. Kasbekar, P. Kashyap, C. P. Kulkarni, A. Laddha, S. Malhotra, M. Mascarenhas, J. K. Mishra, P. Motiwala, K. Nair, R. Narayanan, S. Padmakumar, A. Pagare, D. Peruppayikkad, S. Raghunathan, S. Rao, D. Roy, S. Sethumadhavan, S. Sharma, S. Shimjith, S. Singh, S. T. Sonnis, P. Surendran, A. Tikaria
  BARC, Mumbai
• U. Bhunia
  DAE/VECC, Calcutta
• G. H. Hemelsoet, F. Pirotte, K. Priestnall, E. Veyrunes
  CERN, Geneva
• A. Kasliwal
  RRCAT, Indore (M. P.)

• F. Gerigk
  
• N. Alharbi, M. Pasini, S. Ramberger, M. Vretenar, R. Wegner
  CERN, Geneva

• S. S. Kurennoy
  
• L. Rybarcyk, T. P. Wangler
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico

• A. N. Chechenin
  
• Y. Senichev, N. E. Vasyukhin
  FZJ, Julich

• J. Dietrich
  
• C. Boehme
  UniDo/IBS, Dortmund
• A. H. Botha, J. L. Conradie, P. F. Rohwer
  iThemba LABS, Somerset West
• T. Weis
  DELTA, Dortmund

Diagnostics of intense particle beams requires development of new nondestructive beam monitoring methods. There are several kinds of diagnostic devices based on registration of products of accelerated beam particles interaction with atoms and molecules of residual gas in an accelerator vacuum chamber. Usually these devices used as beam profile monitors, which register electrons or/and ions produced in collisions of beam particles with residual gas. Some attempts were performed in application of light radiation of excited atoms. However, up to now this direction in the beam diagnostics was not developed properly. Nondestructive method of beam diagnostic system based on light radiation of atoms excited by the beam particles has the advantages - insensitivity to external magnetic and electric fields and, as a consequence, to the beam space charge fields. It allows to get higher spatial and time resolution. Measurements under different conditions at COSY-Juelich and in a cyclotron beamline at I'Themba LABS are presented and the pro and contra of the method is discussed

• S. Khodyachykh
  
• D. Alesini, L. Ficcadenti
  INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
• G. Asova, J. W. Baehr, C. H. Boulware, H.-J. Grabosch, M. Hanel, S. A. Korepanov, M. Krasilnikov, S. Lederer, A. Oppelt, B. Petrosyan, S. Rimjaem, J. Roensch, T. A. Scholz, L. Staykov, F. Stephan
  DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen
• T. Garvey
  LAL, Orsay
• L. H. Hakobyan
  YerPhI, Yerevan
• D. J. Holder, B. D. Muratori
  STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
• R. Richter
  BESSY GmbH, Berlin
• R. Spesyvtsev
  KhNU, Kharkov

The Photo-Injector Test Facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ) is an electron accelerator which was built to develop and optimize high brightness electron sources suitable for SASE FEL operation. Currently, in parallel to the operation of the existing setup, a large extension of the facility and its research program is ongoing. The beam line which has a present length of about 13 meters will be extended up to about 21 meters within the next two years. Many additional diagnostics components will be added to the present layout. Two high-energy dispersive arms, an RF deflecting cavity and a phase space tomography module will extend the existing diagnostic system of the photo injector and will contribute to the full characterization of new electron sources. We will report on the latest developments of the beam diagnostics at PITZ.

• A. Y. Molodozhentsev
  
• T. Koseki, M. Tomizawa
  KEK, Ibaraki
• S. Machida
  STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon

• S. Sakanaka
  
• T. Mitsuhashi, T. Obina
  KEK, Ibaraki

* S. Sakanaka, T. Mitsuhashi, and T. Obina, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 8, 042801 (2005).

• S. Sato
  
• H. Akikawa, Z. Igarashi, N. Kamikubota, S. Lee
  KEK, Ibaraki
• M. Ikegami
  JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
• H. Sako, G. B. Shen
  JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
• T. Tomisawa, A. Ueno
  JAEA/LINAC, Ibaraki-ken

• H. Hotchi
  
• S. Machida
  STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• F. Noda
  JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken

• H. Damerau
  
• M. Morvillo, E. N. Shaposhnikova, J. Tuckmantel, J.-L. Vallet
  CERN, Geneva

• B. Dehning
  
• E. Effinger, J. E. Emery, G. Ferioli, G. Guaglio, E. B. Holzer, D. K. Kramer, L. Ponce, V. Prieto, M. Stockner, C. Zamantzas
  CERN, Geneva

• A. H. Lumpkin
  
• W. Berg, N. Sereno, B. X. Yang, C. Yao
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois
• D. W. Rule
  NSWC, West Bethesda, Maryland

We have investigated the angular distribution patterns (far-field focus) of optical transition radiation (OTR) and optical diffraction radiation (ODR) generated by 7-GeV electron beams passing through and near an Al metal plane, respectively. The 70-μrad opening angles of the OTR patterns provide calibration factors for the system. Effects of the upstream quadrupole focusing strength on the patterns as well as polarization effects were observed. The OTR data are compared to an existing OTR single-foil model, while ODR profile results are compared to expressions for single-edge diffraction. ODR was studied with impact parameters of about 1.25 mm, close to the gamma λ?bar value of 1.4 mm for 628-nm radiation. We expect angle-pointing information along the x axis parallel to the mirror edge is available from the single-lobe ODR data as well as divergence information at the sub-100-μrad level. Experimental and model results will be presented.

• A. Jansson
  
• K. Bowie, T. Fitzpatrick, R. Kwarciany, C. Lundberg, D. Slimmer, L. Valerio, J. R. Zagel
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

Two Ionization Profile Monitors (IPMs) were installed in the Tevatron in 2006. The detectors are capable of resolving single bunches turn-by-turn, using a combination of gas injection to boost the ionization signal and very fast and sensitive electronics to detect it. This paper presents recent improvements to the system hardware and its use for beam monitoring. In particular, the correction of beam size oscillations observed at injection is discussed.

• A. Valishev
  
• G. Annala, V. A. Lebedev, R. S. Moore
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

• M.-J. Yang
  

• F. M. Bieniosek
  
• M. Leitner
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

We describe a high resolution (a few x 10-4) 90-degree cylindrical electrostatic energy analyzer for 1-MeV (singly ionized) heavy ions for experiments in the Heavy Ion Fusion Science Virtual National Laboratory. By adding a stripping cell, the energy reach of the analyzer is extended to 2 MeV. This analyzer has high dispersion in a first-order focus with bipolar deflection-plate voltages in the range of ±50 kV. We will present 2- and 3-D calculations of vacuum-field beam trajectories, space-charge effects, field errors, and a multipole corrector. The corrector consists of 12 rods arranged in a circle around the beam. Such a corrector has excellent properties as an electrostatic quadrupole, sextupole, or linear combination. The improved energy diagnostic allows measurements of beam charge state and energy spread, such as caused by charge exchange or temperature anisotropy, and better understanding of experimental results in longitudinal beam studies.

• B. Blind
  
• J. D. Gilpatrick
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico

In order to characterize the beam-centroid jitter in transverse phase space, sets of position data of the 100-MeV H⁺ beam and 800-MeV H^- beam were taken in the transport lines of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator complex. Subsequent data evaluation produced initially puzzling inconsistencies in the phase-space plots from different pairs of beam-position monitors. It is shown that very small random measurement errors will produce systematic differences between plots that should nominally be identical. The actual beam-centroid jitter and the amount of random error in the measurements can be extracted from the data by performing simulations and determining the parameters for which the resulting plots are consistent with the results from the data. Examples will be shown.

• J. D. Gilpatrick
  
• B. Blind, M. S. Gulley, C. Pillai, J. F. Power
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico

During the CY2005 and CY2006 Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) beam runs, six beam-development shifts were performed in order to acquire and analyze beam-current and beam-position jitter data for both the LANSCE H⁺ and H^- beams. These data were acquired using three beam position monitors (BPMs) from the 100-MeV Isotope Production Facility (IPF) beam line and three BPMs from the Switchyard transport line at the end of the LANSCE 800-MeV linac. The two types of data acquired, intermacropulse and intramacropulse, were analyzed for statistical and frequency characteristics as well as various other correlations including comparing their phase-space characteristics in a coordinate system of transverse angle versus transverse position. This paper will briefly describe the measurements required to acquire these data, the analysis of these jitter data, and some interesting implications to beam operation.

• J. F. O'Hara
  
• M. J. Borden, A. A. Browman, N. A. Gillespie, D. Martinez, K. G. McKeown, F. R. Olivas
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• J. E. Ledford, R. J. Macek
  TechSource, Santa Fe, New Mexico

In order to better understand the two stream e-p instability issue in the LANSCE Proton Storage Ring, a new diagnostic instrument has been developed to measure the electron cloud formation and trapping in a quadrupole magnet at the LANSCE, PSR. The device called the Electron Cloud Detector (ECD) was fabricated and has successfully been installed in the PSR. Along with the Electron Cloud Detector, an additional device was developed to manipulate electrons ejected from the quadrupole and allow additional information to be obtained from ECD measurements. This paper will discuss the mechanical design and fabrication issues encountered during the course of developing both devices.

• J. Beebe-Wang
  
• A. K. Jain
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

The existence of multipolar components in the dipole and quadrupole magnets is one of the factors limiting the beam stability in the RHIC operations. So, a realistic non-linear model is crucial for understanding the beam behavior and to achieve the ultimate performance in RHIC. A procedure is developed to build a non-linear model using the available multipolar component data obtained from measurements of RHIC magnets. We first discuss the measurements performed at different stages of manufacturing of the magnets in relation to their current state in RHIC. We then describe the procedure to implement these measurement data into tracking models, including the implementation of the multipole feed down effect due to the beam orbit offset from the magnet center. Finally, the field quality analysis in the RHIC interaction regions is presented.