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superconducting-magnet

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MOZAC01 Techology Transfer - When, Why, Issues and Advantages controls, storage-ring, site, insertion 110
 
  • D. F. Sutter
  • B. P. Strauss
    HENP, SW Washington
  Technology transfer is an unavoidable task for accelerator/storage ring construction projects. For sub systems that consist of many complex, identical pieces, in house fabrication is not an option as it was in the past, and so industrial procurement is required. If industry has not developed the requisite technology in support of an active market product, technology transfer must be accomplished. An underlying assumption is that the project or national laboratory R&D has fully developed the necessary technology and that industrial expertise in mass production is required. The talk will review the circumstances when technology transfer is appropriate, and based on a review of large system procurements for Fermilab, SLAC, the SSC, SNS, the LHC and RHIC, it will outline general guidelines that have emerged for what is required of project managers and industrial vendors to increase the probability of successful technology transfer and procurement. The guidelines are generally not dependent on specific national acquisition regulations, and therefore are relevant for international projects.  
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MOPAN021 Magnetic Field Calculations of the Superconducting Dipole Magnets for the High- Energy Storage Ring at FAIR dipole, storage-ring, heavy-ion, quadrupole 194
 
  • H. Soltner
  • M. Pabst, R. Tolle
    FZJ, Julich
  For the High-Energy Storage Ring (HESR) to be established for the FAIR facility, magnetic field calculations have been carried out for the layout of the superconducting dipole magnets. Four configurations have been considered for the 2.72 m long magnets, straight ones and bent ones with a bending radius of 13,889 m, respectively, both for the cos(Θ) layout and for the double helix dipole layout. This contribution will focus particularly on the advantages and disadvantages of the individual configurations in terms of field quality in the diopole regions.  
 
MOPAN069 Ultrasound Diagnostics of the Superconducting Cable Connections Between the Main Ring Magnets of LHC diagnostics, controls, scattering, quadrupole 311
 
  • F. Caspers
  • T. Kroyer, J.-P. G. Tock, L. R. Williams
    CERN, Geneva
  • J. Kulka
    AGH, Cracow
  As part of the LHC assembly program, the super-conducting magnets are interconnected after installation. Electrical continuity between the magnets is ensured via a specifically designed cable splice box which allows the cables to be electrically joined by an automated low temperature brazing technique. The electrical resistance and mechanical strength of the cable junctions depend on the quality of the brazed joint. An ultrasound diagnostic of the brazed joint has been developed to accompany the visual inspection and reinforce the quality control process. Non-standard ultrasound diagnostic techniques, without using matching liquids or gel in the harsh and congested working environment, applied to the sandwich structure of the cable splice box, which presents high ultra-sonic losses due to multiple scattering, have been developed. The equipment and methods implemented are described in detail, together with results of quality control tests made in the production environment.  
 
MOPAN073 Parametric Study of Heat Deposition from Collision Debris into the Insertion Superconducting Magnets for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade insertion, quadrupole, luminosity, target 323
 
  • C. Hoa
  • F. Broggi
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  • F. Cerutti, J.-P. Koutchouk, G. Sterbini, E. Y. Wildner
    CERN, Geneva
  With a new geometry in a higher luminosity environment, the power deposition in the superconducting magnets becomes a critical aspect to analyze and to integrate in the insertion design. In this paper, we quantify the power deposited in magnets insertion at variable positions from the interaction point (IP). A fine characterization of the debris due to the proton-proton collisions at 7 TeV, shows that the energetic particles in the very forward direction give rise to non intuitive dependences of the impacting energy on the magnet front face and inner surface. The power deposition does not vary significantly with the distance to the interaction point, because of counterbalancing effects of different contributions to power deposition. We have found out that peak power density in the magnet insertion does not vary significantly with or without the Target Absorber Secondaries (TAS) protection.  
 
MOPAN079 Assembly and Quality Control of the LHC Cryostats at CERN. Motivations, Means, Results and Lessons Learned controls, dipole, quadrupole, lattice 338
 
  • A. Poncet
  • P. Cruikshank, V. Parma, P. M. Strubin, J.-P. G. Tock, D. Tommasini
    CERN, Geneva
  In 2001 the project management decided to perform at CERN the final assembly of the LHC superconducting magnets,with cryostat parts and cold masses produced by European Industry in large series. This industrial-like production has required a very significant investment in tooling,production facilities,engineering and quality control efforts, in contractual partnership with a consortium of firms. This unusual endeavour of a limited lifetime represented more than 800'000 working hours spanning over four years,the work being done on a result oriented basis by the contractor. This paper presents the reasons for having insourced this project at CERN,describes the work breakdown structure,the production means and methods,the infrastructure specially developed,the tooling,logistics and quality control aspects of the work performed,and the results achieved, in analytical form. Finally the lessons learned are outlined.  
 
MOPAN084 Estimating Field Quality in Low-beta Superconducting Quadrupoles and its Impact on Beam Stability quadrupole, multipole, luminosity, collider 353
 
  • E. Todesco
  • B. Bellesia, J.-P. Koutchouk
    CERN, Geneva
  • C. Santoni
    Universite Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand
  Funding: We acknowledge the support of the European Community-Research Infrastructure Activity under the FP6 "Structuring the European Research Area" program (CARE, contract number RII3-CT-2003-506395)

The aim of this analysis is to study if the field quality in a large aperture low-beta superconducting quadrupole for the LHC upgrade limits the beam performances due to increased geometric aberrations. Random field errors in superconducting quadrupoles are usually estimated by computing the effect of a random positioning of the coil blocks around the nominal position with an r.m.s. of 0.05 mm. Here, we review the experience acquired in the construction of 7 superconducting quadrupoles in the RHIC and in the LHC projects to estimate the precision in the block positioning, showing that there is no visible dependence on the magnet aperture. Different magnet models are then used to estimate the expected field quality in quadrupoles with apertures ranging from 50 to 200 mm. The impact on geometrical aberrations and scaling laws for their dependence on the aperture are finally evaluated.

 
 
MOPAN092 Earth Leakage Problem of Superconductor Magnet System at TLS power-supply, controls 377
 
  • Y.-C. Chien
  • K. H. Hu, K.-B. Liu, H. M. Shih
    NSRRC, Hsinchu
  Due to the inherent connection structure between the power supplies and the superconducting magnetic coil, the power supplies are seeing each others as loads through the coil. It has been observed in the pilot test at TLS that there is about 300mA earth leakage current flowing through the earth leakage protection circuit, which presented an interlock and halted the whole system down. The existance of earth leakage current may undermine the overall system stability and pose more threat on the electronic system safety. In this paper, the earth leakage mechanisms are throughly examined and measures to conqure the problem are proposed.  
 
MOPAN093 Stability Improvement of the Cryogenic System at NSRRC cryogenics, resonance, electron, storage-ring 380
 
  • F. Z. Hsiao
  • S.-H. Chang, W.-S. Chiou, H. C. Li, H. H. Tsai
    NSRRC, Hsinchu
  Negative gauge pressure appears in the helium suction line during the period of compressor starting up. The negative pressure induces the risk of air leakage into the cryogenic system and the damage to the burst disk of cryostat. A buffer tank is connected to the suction line to avoid the negative gauge pressure. Variation of nitrogen pressure changes the thermal-shielding temperature of the cavity cryostat and thus changes the length and frequency of the cavity. A phase separator with pressure control is installed before the cryostat to isolate the fluctuation of nitrogen pressure at the source side and prevent the trip of electron beam due to the frequency change or the overpressure at the cavity side. The stability improvement after usage of the phase separator shows that variation of the nitrogen pressure to the cavity cryostat is reduced from +0.6/-0.4 bar to ±0.08 bar and the drift of nitrogen pressure is eliminated. The stability after usage of the buffer tank shows that the negative gauge pressure is avoided in the suction line and the peak pressure was reduced from 1.4 bar to 1.2 bar.  
 
MOPAN101 Failure Analysis for Cryogenic System Operation at NSRRC cryogenics, controls, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation 398
 
  • H. H. Tsai
  • S.-H. Chang, W.-S. Chiou, F. Z. Hsiao, H. C. Li
    NSRRC, Hsinchu
  Two 450W cryogenic systems were installed on the year 2002 and 2006, respectively at NSRRC. So far, one 450W cryogenic system is cooling two superconducting magnets and one superconducting cavity. The new system will serve for five superconducting magnets on the year 2007. This paper presents the abnormal operation for the system, which induces the fluctuations for pressure, temperature, and flow rate, respectively. Solutions for these failures are shown and discussed.  
 
MOPAS041 Design of Superferric Magnet for the Cyclotron Gas Stopper Project at the NSCL cyclotron, ion, induction, simulation 524
 
  • S. Chouhan
  • E. Barzi
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • G. Bollen, C. Guenaut, D. Lawton, F. Marti, D. J. Morrissey, J. Ottarson, G. K. Pang, S. Schwarz, B. Sherrill, A. Zeller
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan
  Funding: Michigan State University, Cyclotron-1, East Lansing, MI-48824

We present the design of a superferric cyclotron gas stopper magnet that has been proposed for use at the NSCL/MSU to stop the radioactive ions produced by fragmentation at high energies (~140 MeV/u). The magnet is a gradient dipole with three sectors ( B~2.7 T at the center and 2 T at the pole-edge. The magnet outer diameter is 3.8 m, with a pole radius of 1.1 m and B*rho=1.7 T-m). The field shape is obtained by extensive profiles in the iron. The coil cross-section is 64 cm*cm and peak field on the conductor is about 1.6 T. The upper and lower coils are in separate cryostat and have warm electrical connections. We present the coil winding and protection schemes. The forces are large and the implication on the support structure is presented.

 
 
MOPAS093 Vibration Measurements to Study the Effect of Cryogen Flow in a Superconducting Quadrupole laser, quadrupole, cryogenics, resonance 643
 
  • P. He
  • M. Anerella, S. Aydin, G. Ganetis, M. Harrison, A. K. Jain, B. Parker
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886.

The conceptual design of compact superconducting magnets for the International Linear Collider final focus is presently under development at BNL. A primary concern in using superconducting quadrupoles is the potential for inducing additional vibrations from cryogenic operation. We have employed a Laser Doppler Vibrometer system to measure the vibrations at resolutions ~1 nm (at frequencies above ~8 Hz) in a spare RHIC quadrupole coldmass under cryogenic conditions. Some preliminary results of these studies were presented at the Nanobeam 2005 workshop*. These results were limited in resolution due to a rather large motion of the laser head itself. As a first step towards improving the measurement quality, an actively stabilized isolation table was used to reduce the motion of the laser holder. The improved set-up will be described, and vibration spectra measured at cryogenic temperatures, both with and without helium flow, will be presented.

*A. Jain, et al., Nanobeam 2005, Kyoto, Japan, Oct.17-21, 2005; paper WG2d-05; available at http://wwwal.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NanoBM .

 
 
MOPAS095 Study of the RHIC BPM SMA Connector Failure Problem factory, cryogenics, radiation 649
 
  • C. J. Liaw
  • R. Schroeder, R. Sikora
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  About 730 cryogenic beam position monitors (BPMs) are mounted on the RHIC CQS and triplet superconducting magnets. Semi-rigid coaxial cables bring the electrical signal from BPM feedthroughs to outside flanges at ambient temperature. Each year approximately 10 cables fail during RHIC operations. The connection usually fails at the warm end of the cable, either from solder joint failure or retraction of the center conductor in the SMA connector. Finite element analyses were performed to understand the solder joint failure mechanism. Results showed that (1) the SMA center conductor can separate from the mating connector due to the thermal retraction,(2) the maximum thermal stress at the warm end solder joint can exceed the material strength of the Pb37/Sn63 solder material, and (3) magnet ramping frequency (~10 Hz) during the machine startup can possibly resonate the coaxial cable and damage the solder joint. This failure problem can be resolved by repairing with silver bearing solder material (a higher strength material) and crimping the cable at the locations close to the SMA connector to prevent center conductor retraction.  
 
THPMS091 The Superconducting Magnets of the ILC Beam Delivery System octupole, extraction, dipole, background 3196
 
  • B. Parker
  • M. Anerella, J. Escallier, P. He, A. K. Jain, A. Marone
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • Y. Nosochkov, A. Seryi
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886.

A wide variety of superconducting magnets are needed in the ILC Beam Delivery System (BDS) to maximize luminosity and minimize experimental backgrounds. Compact final focus quadrupoles and multifunction correction coils are used with 14 mr total crossing angle to focus incoming beams to few nanometer spot sizes while focusing outgoing disrupted beams into a separate extraction beam line. Large aperture anti-solenoids correct deleterious nonlinear effects that arise due to the overlap of focusing fields with the main detector solenoid. Far from the interaction point (IP) sets of strong small aperture octupoles help minimize backgrounds at the IP due to beam halo particles while weak large aperture dipoles integrated with the experimental detector reduce backgrounds due to beamstrahlung pairs generated at the IP. The physics requirements and magnetic design solutions for these magnets are reviewed in this paper.

 
 
FRXKI01 Superconducting Magnet Needs for the ILC quadrupole, dipole, undulator, wiggler 3732
 
  • J. C. Tompkins
  • J. A. Clarke
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire
  • V. S. Kashikhin
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • M. A. Palmer
    CLASSE, Ithaca
  • B. Parker
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The ILC Reference Design Report will be completed early in 2007. The Magnet Systems Group was formed to translate magnetic field requirements into magnet designs and cost estimates for the Reference Design. As presently configured, the ILC will have more than 11,000 magnetic elements of which more than 1200 will be based on superconducting technology. This paper will describe the major superconducting magnet needs for the ILC as presently determined by the Magnet Systems Group and the leaders of the Area Systems Groups, responsible for beamline design. The superconducting magnet components include the Main Linac quadrupoles, the Positron Source undulators, the Damping Ring wigglers, and the complex array of Final Focus superconducting elements in the Beam Delivery System.  
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FRXKI03 Magnets for Upgrade of the Accelerator Complex at CERN luminosity, quadrupole, interaction-region 3738
 
  • L. Rossi
  While the LHC is approaching commissioning phase, a global plan with different options for the consolidation and upgrade of the accelerator complex is under discussion at CERN. In one option the change of the interaction region (IR) magnets, in order to increase the luminosity of the LHC, is considered. This measure may be accompanied or not by an increase of the beam current. In any case the needs of new more performing Nb-Ti based magnets and/or Nb3Sn magnets is established. The choice of Nb3Sn based magnets with13-15 T peak field on the coil seems mandatory for the low-beta triplet quadrupoles in case a factor two or more in luminosity is envisaged. In another option the improvement of the injector chain is considered. For the moment the first priority is the design of a new PS of energy about 50 GeV, with duty cycle less than 1 Hz. In this paper a comparison among the option based on normal conducting magnets (today baseline) and superconducting magnets of various types will be presented. In the frame of the longer-term scenario, magnets envisaged for an upgrade of the present SPS (from 450 to 1 TeV) and for neutrino production facilities will be discussed as well.  
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FROAKI01 Magnet Acceptance and Allocation at the LHC Magnet Evaluation Board quadrupole, dipole, insertion, alignment 3739
 
  • L. Bottura
  • P. Bestmann, N. Catalan-Lasheras, S. D. Fartoukh, S. S. Gilardoni, M. Giovannozzi, J. B. Jeanneret, M. Karppinen, A. M. Lombardi, K. H. Mess, D. P. Missiaen, M. Modena, R. Ostojic, Y. Papaphilippou, P. Pugnat, S. Ramberger, S. Sanfilippo, W. Scandale, F. Schmidt, N. Siegel, A. P. Siemko, D. Tommasini, T. Tortschanoff, E. Y. Wildner
    CERN, Geneva
  The normal- and superconducting magnets for the LHC ring have been carefully examined to insure that each of the more than 1800 assemblies is suitable for the operation in the accelerator. Magnet coordinators, hardware experts and accelerator physicists, joined in the LHC Magnet Evaluation Board, have contributed to this work that consists in the magnet acceptance, and the optimisation achieved by sorting magnets according to their geometry, field quality and quench level. This paper gives a description of the magnet approval mechanism that has been running since four years, reporting in a concise summary on the main results achieved. We take as specific indicators the computed mechanical aperture, the sorting efficiency with respect to systematic and random field errors in the magnets, and the case-by-case analysis necessary to accommodate hardware limitations such as quench limits and training.  
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FROAKI02 LHC Magnet Tests: Operational Techniques and Empowerment for Successful Completion cryogenics, dipole, quadrupole, feedback 3742
 
  • V. Chohan
  • N. Ali, P. Awale, S. Bahuguna, V. Chauhan, M. Y. Dixit, J. A. Gore, J. John, E. Kandaswamy, A. Kasbekar, P. Kashyap, C. P. Kulkarni, A. Laddha, S. Malhotra, M. Mascarenhas, J. K. Mishra, P. Motiwala, K. Nair, R. Narayanan, S. Padmakumar, A. Pagare, D. Peruppayikkad, S. Raghunathan, S. Rao, D. Roy, S. Sethumadhavan, S. Sharma, S. Shimjith, S. Singh, S. T. Sonnis, P. Surendran, A. Tikaria
    BARC, Mumbai
  • U. Bhunia
    DAE/VECC, Calcutta
  • G. H. Hemelsoet, F. Pirotte, K. Priestnall, E. Veyrunes
    CERN, Geneva
  • A. Kasliwal
    RRCAT, Indore (M. P.)
  The LHC magnet tests operation team* developed various innovative techniques, particularly since early 2004, to complete the superconductor magnet testing by end 2006. Overall and cryogenic priority handling, rapid on-bench thermal cycling, rule-based goodness evaluation on round-the-clock basis, multiple, mashed web systems are some of these techniques applied with rigour for successful tests completion in time. This paper highlights these operation empowerment tools which had a pivotal role for success. A priority handling method was put in place to enable maximum throughput from twelve test benches, having many different constraints. For the cryogenics infrastructure, it implied judicious allocation of limited resources to the benches. Rapid On-Bench Thermal Cycle was a key strategy to accelerate magnets tests throughput, saving time and simplifying logistics. First level magnet appraisal was developed for 24 hr decision making so as to prepare a magnet further for LHC or keep it on standby. Web based systems (Tests Management and E-Traveller) were other essential ideas to track & coordinate various stages of tests handled by different teams.  
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