PAC07 - List of Keywords (extraction)

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Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOZAC02	A Survey of Hadron Therapy Accelerator Technologies	proton, cyclotron, synchrotron, ion	115
	S. Peggs J. Flanz MGH-FHBPTC, Boston, Massachusetts T. Satogata BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	We survey the numerous technological approaches used for hadron beam delivery for radiotherapy, including fixed cyclotrons (both normal and superconducting), superconducting cyclotrons mounted on gantries, and slow and fast cycling synchrotrons. Protons, carbon ions and antiprotons have different kinds of sources. Clinically relevant light ions and protons have quite different beam rigidities, therefore leading to quite different gantry solutions.
	Slides

MOPAN031	Design Study of a Very Large Aperture Eddy Current Septum for J-PARC	septum, injection, linac, beam-transport	224
	K. Fan H. Kobayashi, H. Matsumoto, Y. Sakamoto KEK, Ibaraki
	An eddy current septum is selected as a backup of injection septum. Due to the high beam intensity and low beam energy, the injection beam size is very large. To accommodate the large size beam, large aperture septum is required. Large end field and large eddy current loss result in degradation of gap field. The paper discusses the eddy current loss effects on field distribution and introduces some correction methods.

MOPAN045	Longitudinal Particle Tracking of J-PARC RCS for Synchronization	emittance, synchrotron, simulation, acceleration	260
	M. Yamamoto S. Anami, E. Ezura, K. Hara, C. Ohmori, A. Takagi, M. Toda, M. Yoshii KEK, Ibaraki K. Hasegawa, M. Nomura, A. Schnase, F. Tamura JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
	We have performed particle tracking simulation of J-PARC RCS to study the synchronization process. A frequency offset is added to the nominal RF frequency pattern to shift the center of the bunch, under the condition of the offset value should be 'adiabatic' with respect to the synchrotron motion. Since the synchrotron frequency of the J-PARC RCS is substantially changed during acceleration, the particle tracking simulation helps to decide upper limit of the frequency offset which can be employed.

MOPAN066	First Tests of a Precision Beam Phase Measurement System in CTF3	linac, pick-up, luminosity, collider	302
	A. Andersson J. P.H. Sladen CERN, Geneva
	Funding: This work is supported by the Commission of the European Communities under the 6th Framework Programme -Structuring the European Research Area-, contract number RIDS-011899. High precision beam phase measurements will be vital for synchronization of main and drive beams in CLIC. Development work is underway with the aim to demonstrate 0.1 degree resolution for a wideband 30GHz measurement. In order to be able to test this with a beam exhibiting much higher phase jitter, two prototypes have been built so that the difference in their outputs can be measured. Results of measurements made with bunch trains in CTF3 are presented.

MOPAN068	Performance with Lead Ions of the LHC Beam Dump System	ion, proton, instrumentation, kicker	308
	R. Bruce B. Goddard, L. K. Jensen, T. Lefevre, W. J.M. Weterings CERN, Geneva
	The LHC beam dump system must function safely with lead ions. The differences with respect to the LHC proton beams are briefly recalled, and the possible areas for performance concerns discussed, in particular the various beam intercepting devices and the beam instrumentation. Energy deposition simulation results for the most critical elements are presented, and the conclusions drawn for the lead ion operation. The expected performance of the beam instrumentation systems are reviewed in the context of the damage potential of the ion beam and the required functionality of the various safety and post-operational analysis requirements.

MOPAN107	Quadrupole Magnets for the 20 MeV FFAG, 'EMMA'	quadrupole, vacuum, injection, lattice	413
	N. Marks B. J.A. Shepherd STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	EMMA is a 20 MeV non-scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient accelerator (nsFFAG) proof-of-principle prototype, to be built at the Daresbury Laboratory as an accelerator physics experiment to explore the behaviour of such machines. Non-scaling FFAGs have potential applications in charged particle cancer therapy and also for particle physics; however, to date, no such accelerator has been constructed. The magnet designs present major challenges - the lattice is made up of 84 quadrupoles, with different horizontal offsets from the magnet centres in the focusing and defocusing quads. These offsets alone provide the necessary bending fields in the ring. The magnets are also very thin (55mm and 65mm yoke lengths) and end field effects therefore dominate. Careful design, followed by prototype construction and measurement, is essential. The magnets have been designed in 3D from the outset, using the CST EM Studio software. The paper will present the results of the design, showing how the magnets have been optimised to improve the integrated good gradient region, and will report on the progress of the prototyping work.

MOPAN109	Turnaround Feed-Forward Correction at the ILC	kicker, damping, septum, linear-collider	419
	A. Kalinin P. Burrows JAI, Oxford
	Funding: The Commission of European Communities under 6th Framework Programme "Structuring the European Research Area", contract number RIDS-011899, and by the UK Particle Physics & Astronomy Research Council. The RTML turnaround feed-forward correction scheme, as proposed in the ILC Baseline Configuration Document, is considered. Instabilities in the challenging Damping Ring extraction kicker system may give rise to betatron bunch-by-bunch jitter and position drift across the bunch train. A system is outlined in which the bunch trajectory is measured with an upstream pair of BPMs and corrected with a pair of downstream fast kickers. The beam turnaround time allows signal processing and calculation of the correction. A feed-forward algorithm is formulated and expressions are derived for the main system parameters and procedures: dynamic range, maximal kicker voltage, gain compression error, BPM resolution, system zero offset stability, BPM-to-kicker matrix measurement, feed-forward gain adjustment. This analysis will enable further consideration of system tolerances, and provides a basis for an engineering design.

MOPAS008	A Wide Aperture Quadrupole for the Fermilab Main Injector Synchrotron	quadrupole, synchrotron, injection, proton	455
	D. J. Harding C. L. Bartelson, B. C. Brown, J. A. Carson, W. Chou, J. DiMarco, H. D. Glass, D. E. Johnson, V. S. Kashikhin, I. Kourbanis, W. F. Robotham, M. Tartaglia Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	Funding: Work supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-76CH03000. During the design of the Fermilab Main Injector synchrotron it was recognized that the aperture was limited at the beam transfer and extraction points by the combination of the Lambertson magnets and the reused Main Ring quadrupoles located between the Lambertsons. Increased intensity demands on the Main Injector from antiproton production for the collider program, slow spill to the meson fixed target program, and high intensity beam to the high energy neutrino program have led us to replace the aperture-limiting quadrupoles with newly built magnets that have the same physical length but a larger aperture. The magnets run on the main quadrupole bus, and must therefore have the same excitation profile as the magnets they replaced. We present here the design of the magnets, their magnetic performance, and the accelerator performance.

MOPAS011	Uniform Longitudinal Beam Profiles in the Fermilab Recycler Using Adaptive RF Correction	antiproton, controls, luminosity, injection	458
	M. Hu D. R. Broemmelsiek, B. Chase, J. L. Crisp, N. E. Eddy, P. W. Joireman, K. Y. Ng Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	Non-uniformity in longitudinal beam profiles due to potential well distortion have been observed in the Fermilab Recycler Ring. The main source of distortion, the analysis, and the experimental verification of a solution are presented. An adaptive algorithm has been developed to remove the distortion. This algorithm has been implemented in a custom FPGA-based module, which has been integrated into the current Low Level RF system.

MOPAS024	Fast Extraction Kicker for the Accelerator Test Facility	kicker, impedance, simulation, closed-orbit	485
	S. De Santis T. Naito, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki
	Funding: Work supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0-05CH11231. We present the final results of a study for the design of a fast extraction kicker to be installed in the Accelerator Test Facility ring at KEK. The purpose of this project is to test the technologies to be used in the design of the extraction kickers for the International Linear Collider damping rings. The kicker's rise and fall times are important parameters in the final configuration of the rings, since they constrain the minimum distance between bunches and ultimately define a lower limit for the rings length. We investigated a stripline kicker composed of several 65-cm long sections, grouped in two different locations in the ATF damping ring. An analytical study of the kicker's parameter and extensive computer simulations using Microwave Studio* point out the ambitious requirements on the pulsers, in order to be able to satisfy the design specifications. We also investigated the use of a single kicker module, together with a close orbit bump near the extraction septum. * http://www.cst.com

MOPAS038	Power Supply System for a Compact 1.2 GeV Booster Synchrotron	power-supply, booster, synchrotron, dipole	521
	V. Popov M. D. Busch, S. M. Hartman, S. F. Mikhailov, O. Oakeley, P. W. Wallace, Y. K. Wu FEL/Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
	Funding: Supported by US DoE grant #DE-FG02-01ER41175. A booster synchrotron has been recently commissioned at Duke University as part of the High Intensity Gamma-ray Source (HIGS) upgrade. All dipole and quadrupole magnets are fed by the same power supply in order to facilitate synchronization. A 500kW retired thyristor controlled power supply has been completely rebuilt to provide high accuracy ramping of current in the range between 150A and 700A in a 1.3 sec repetition cycle. Reproducibility of current at extraction energy is better than 0.1% for entire operational range of energy. Conflict of a fast ramping operation and a magnet protection in the case of emergency shutdown was resolved using additional thyristor switches. All trim power supplies involved in ramp have been matched with the main power supply for the time response and voltage range. The injection and extraction schemes require rapidly ramping Y-correctors. The required peak power about 4 kW in these correctors is provided by a combining a low voltage DC power supply and a pulse boosting circuit. We present the challenges of designing and developing booster power supply system. And also we report measured performance and operational experience in this paper.

MOPAS049	Ceramic-Supported Traveling-Wave Structures for SNS Fast Beam Chopper	simulation, linac, coupling, storage-ring	545
	S. S. Kurennoy
	The current structure for the fast 2.5-MeV beam chopper for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project was originally developed* to provide rise and fall times around 1 ns. The structure is based on the meander-folded notched strip line with low-dielectric-constant supports and metal separators. Since then the requirements of the chopper rise-time has been significantly relaxed, up to 10 ns, as a result of beam dynamics simulations and to simplify the voltage pulse generators. In addition, initial runs with the beam showed that this structure was prone to damage when accidental beam spills occurred. We suggest alternative meander structures for the SNS chopper that employ high-dielectric-constant substrate (e.g., alumina). Time-domain simulations show their electromagnetic performance to be well within the requirements, while their resistance to beam spills and thermal properties are expected to be much better and fabrication significantly simpler. * S. S. Kurennoy and J. F. Power, EPAC 2000 (Vienna, Austria, 2000), 336.

MOPAS059	ILC - ATF2 DC-Magnet Power Supplies	power-supply, controls, quadrupole, feedback	569
	B. Lam P. Bellomo, D. Macnair, A. C. de Lira SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	Funding: The development and commissioning of DC magnet power supplies for ATF2 is supported by KEK and SLAC. In 2008 KEK is commissioning ATF2 - an extension to the existing ATF. ATF2 is a mockup of the final focus test beam accelerator envisioned in the ILC. SLAC is designing the power supply systems for the dc magnets in the ATF2, which will require 38 power supplies ranging from 1.5 to 6 kW, currents from 50 to 200 A, all rated at output voltages not higher than 30 V. Because of the extensive quantities of magnets required for the ILC, high availability is paramount to its successful operation, so the power supply topology chosen for the ATF2 uses N+1 redundancy, with 50-A power modules to construct each power supply. These power modules are current-mode buck regulators, which operate in parallel with each other and one redundant module. One bulk power supply provides off-the-line regulated dc input to a number of the power supplies. Current stability requirements for the magnets range from 10 to 10⁰⁰ ppm. A precision current transductor and a recently developed SLAC-built 20-bit Ethernet Power Supply Controller will provide the current regulation required. In this paper we present the conceptual design, prototype results, and the status of the power supply systems for the ATF2.

MOPAS067	Control and Measurements of Longitudinal Coupled-bunch Instabilities in the ATF Damping Ring	feedback, damping, single-bunch, injection	584
	D. Teytelman W. X. Cheng, J. W. Flanagan, T. Naito, M. Tobiyama KEK, Ibaraki A. Drago INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) J. D. Fox SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	Funding: Work supported by U. S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76SF00515 and by the US-Japan collaboration in High Energy Physics Damping ring at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) is a storage ring with 714 MHz RF frequency and harmonic number of 330. The ring is used in both single and multibunch regimes. In both cases significant longitudinal dipole motion has been observed in the ring. A prototype longitudinal feedback channel using a Gproto baseband processing channel and a set of horizontal striplines has been constructed for the machine. The prototype allowed both suppression of the longitudinal motion and studies of the motion sources. In this paper we present the results of these studies including measurements of steady-state oscillation amplitudes, eigenmodal patterns, and growth and damping rates. Using measured growth rates we estimate the driving impedances. We also present the effect of the longitudinal stabilization on the energy spread of the extracted beam as documented by a screen monitor.

MOPAS084	SNS Ring Extraction Septum Magnet and its Interference with Adjacent Quadrupole	simulation, shielding, septum, quadrupole	626
	J.-G. Wang
	Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. 3D computing simulations have been performed to study the magnetic field distribution of the SNS ring extraction Lambertson septum magnet. The magnetic field for extracted beams is fully characterized in all the aspects. The stray field on the circulating beam line and the effect of a shielding box up-stream and a shielding cap down-stream is investigated. In addition, the magnetic interference between the Lambertson and an adjacent quadrupole has been studied. The simulations have provided valuable information for the SNS ring commissioning and operation. This paper reports our simulation techniques and the major results.

MOPAS090	Overview of the AGS Cold Snake Power Supplies and the new RHIC Sextupole Power Supplies	sextupole, controls, power-supply, collider	637
	D. Bruno G. Ganetis, W. Louie, J. Sandberg BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	Funding: Work performed under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U. S. Department of Energy. The two rings in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) were originally constructed with 24 sextupole power supplies, 12 for each ring. Before the start of Run 7, 24 new sextupole power supplies were installed, 12 for each ring. Individual sextupole power supplies are now each connected to six sextupole magnets. A superconducting snake magnet and power supplies were installed in the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) and commissioned during RHIC Run 5, and used operationally in RHIC Run 6. The power supply technology, connections, control systems and interfacing with the Quench Protection system for both these systems will be presented.

MOPAS094	A High-Power Target Experiment at the CERN PS	target, proton, factory, collider	646
	H. G. Kirk J. R.J. Bennett STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon O. Caretta, P. Loveridge STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon A. J. Carroll, V. B. Graves, P. T. Spampinato ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Fabich, F. Haug, J. Lettry, M. Palm CERN, Geneva K. T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey N. V. Mokhov, S. I. Striganov Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	We test a target concept of a free-flowing mercury stream embedded in a high-field solenoid. The goal is to demonstrate the copious production of secondary pions and tertiary muons in a megawatt class proton beam at the front end of a neutrino factory or muon collider. Key components are described and results of the experimental commissioning phase are given.

MOPAS102	Design of Beam Transfer Lines for the NSLS II	booster, injection, storage-ring, quadrupole	664
	N. Tsoupas R. Heese, R. Meir, I. Pinayev, J. Rose, T. V. Shaftan, C. Stelmach BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy The proposed NSLS II light source* to be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory utilizes a LINAC and a Booster with a Storage-ring which share the same tunnel, but at different horizontal planes. The Booster which accepts beam from the LINAC, accelerates the electron beam to an energy of 3.0 GeV and the beam is extracted to the Booster_to_Storage_Ring(BtS) transport line. The BtS line transports the beam and injects it into the Storage ring . In order to facilitate the design of the BtS transfer line, the line has been partitioned in three sections which can be considered as independent. The function of each the three sections will be discussed in details and the procedure for the design of the BtS line and other details about the optics and the magnetic elements of the line will be presented in the paper. The LINAC to Booster beam transfer line will also be discussed. *NSLS II CDR BNL

TUOAKI02	CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS): Results from Commissioning	proton, target, optics, instrumentation	692
	M. Meddahi K. Cornelis, K. Elsener, E. Gschwendtner, W. Herr, V. Kain, M. Lamont, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva
	The CNGS project (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) aims at directly detecting muon neutrinos-tau neutrinos oscillations. An intense muon- neutrinos beam is generated at CERN and directed towards LNGS (Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso) in Italy where tau-neutrinos will be detected in large and complex detectors. An overview of the CNGS beam facility is given. Results from the primary and secondary beam line commissioning performed in summer 2006 are presented. Measurements are compared with expectations.
	Slides

TUZBKI01	Present and Future High-Energy Accelerators for Neutrino Experiments	proton, booster, target, injection	731
	I. Kourbanis
	Application of high-energy proton accelerators for high-intensity neutrino beam production is a challenging task from standpoints of accelerator physics and operation. An overview of the machines presently used for neutrino experiments will be given as well as of the future projects, in particular of the Fermilab accelerator complex conversion after the Tevatron Run II completion.
	Slides

TUODKI01	Status of J-PARC Main Ring Synchrotron	septum, injection, synchrotron, acceleration	736
	T. Koseki
	The J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) accelerator facility consists of a 400-MeV linac, a 3.0-GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS), a 50-GeV slow cycling main ring synchrotron (MR). Beam commissioning of the linac has been started from this November and construction of the synchrotrons is now underway. The MR accelerates the 3-GeV beam from the RCS up to 30 - 50 GeV and provides the beam to the hadron beam facility via slow extraction and to the neutrino beam facility via fast extraction. In this paper, we present recent status of the accelerator construction and test operation results for some components of the MR. Beam commissioning scenario and related beam dynamics studies are also discussed.
	Slides

TUODKI02	Optics Considerations for the PS2	lattice, injection, proton, quadrupole	739
	M. Benedikt W. Bartmann, C. Carli, B. Goddard, S. Hancock, J. M. Jowett, Y. Papaphilippou CERN, Geneva
	CERN envisages replacing the existing Proton Synchrotron (PS) with a larger synchrotron (PS2) capable of injecting at higher energy into the SPS. Since it should increase the performance not only of the LHC but also CNGS and other users of beams from CERN's hadron injector complex, the new accelerator must retain much of the flexibility of the present complex. A number of candidate optics, with and without transition crossing, have been evaluated systematically and compared.
	Slides

TUODKI05	Overcoming Depolarizing Resonances in the AGS with Two Helical Partial Snakes	resonance, polarization, injection, betatron	748
	H. Huang L. Ahrens, M. Bai, K. A. Brown, C. J. Gardner, J. Glenn, F. Lin, A. U. Luccio, W. W. MacKay, T. Roser, S. Tepikian, N. Tsoupas, K. Yip, K. Zeno BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	Funding: Work performed under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886 with the auspices of the DoE of United States, and support of RIKEN(Japan). Dual partial snake scheme has provided polarized proton beams with 1.5*10¹¹ intensity and 65% polarization for RHIC spin program. To overcome the residual polarization loss due to horizontal resonances in the AGS, a new string of quadrupoles have been added. The horizontal tune can now be set in the spin tune gap generated by the two partial snakes, such that horizontal resonances are avoided. This paper presents the accelerator setup and preliminary results.
	Slides

TUZAC03	LHC Machine Protection	injection, beam-losses, kicker, dumping	878
	R. Schmidt R. W. Assmann, E. Carlier, B. Dehning, R. Denz, B. Goddard, E. B. Holzer, V. Kain, B. Puccio, B. Todd, J. A. Uythoven, J. Wenninger, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva
	This paper addresses the imposing challenges of the LHC Machine Protection System.
	Slides

TUPMN100	LCLS Undulator Production	undulator, factory, linac, photon	1148
	E. Trakhtenberg T. Barsz, P. K. Den Hartog, G. S. Lawrence, E. R. Moog, S. Sasaki, I. Vasserman, M. White ANL, Argonne, Illinois T. Becker, S. Dufresne, W. Kummerle, R. Schuermann Metalex Manufacturing, Cincinnati, Ohio G. Goldfarb, N. Lagonsky, S. Lagonsky, S. Sorsher Hi-Tech Manufacturing, Schiller Park, Illinois
	Funding: Work supported by the U. S. Dept. of Energy, under contract numbers DE-AC02-06CH11357 and DE AC03-76SF00515. Design and construction of the undulators for the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is the responsibility of Argonne National Laboratory. A prototype undulator* was constructed in-house and was extensively tested. The device was tunable to well within the LCLS requirements and was stable over a period of several years. Experience constructing the prototype undulator led us to conclude that with appropriate engineering design and detailed assembly procedures, precision undulators can be constructed by qualified vendors without previous undulator-construction experience. Our detailed technological knowledge and experience were transferred to the successful bidders who have produced outstanding undulators. Our production concept for the 40 3.4 m long, fixed-gap, planar-hybrid undulators with a 30 mm period is presented. Manufacturing, quality assurance, and acceptance testing details are also presented. *LCLS Prototype Undulator Report, Argonne National Laboratory Report ANL/APS/TB-48, January 2004, R. Dejus, Editor.

TUPMS014	Commissioning of the Booster Injector Synchrotron for the HIGS Facility at Duke University	booster, injection, synchrotron, electron	1209
	S. F. Mikhailov O. Anchugov, N. Gavrilov, G. Y. Kurkin, Yu. Matveev, D. Shvedov, N. Vinokurov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk M. D. Busch, M. Emamian, S. M. Hartman, Y. Kim, J. Li, V. Popov, G. Swift, P. W. Wallace, P. Wang, Y. K. Wu FEL/Duke University, Durham, North Carolina C. R. Howell TUNL, Durham, North Carolina
	Funding: This work is supported by the US DoE grant #DE-FG02-01ER41175 A booster synchrotron has been built and recently commissioned at Duke University Free Electron Laser Laboratory (DFELL) as part of the High Intensity Gamma-ray Source (HIGS) facility upgrade. HIGS is developed collaboratively by the DFELL and Triangular Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL). The booster will provide top-off injection into the Duke FEL storage ring in the energy range of 0.27 - 1.2 GeV. When operating the Duke storage ring to produce high energy Compton gamma ray beams above 20 MeV, continuous electron beam loss occurs. The lost electrons will be replenished by the booster injector operating in the top-off mode. The compactness of the booster posed a challenge for its development and commissioning. The booster has been successfully commissioned in 2006. This paper reports experience of commissioning and initial operation of the booster.

TUPMS015	Challenges for the Energy Ramping in a Compact Booster Synchrotron	booster, injection, sextupole, coupling	1212
	S. F. Mikhailov S. M. Hartman, J. Li, V. Popov, Y. K. Wu FEL/Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
	Funding: This work is supported by the US DoE grant #DE-FG02-01ER41175 A booster synchrotron has been recently commissioned at Duke University FEL Laboratory as a part of the High Intensity Gamma-ray Source (HIGS) facility. The booster will provide top-off injection into the storage ring in the energy range of 0.27 - 1.2 GeV. In order to minimize the cost of the project, the booster is designed with a very compact footprint. As a result, unconventionally high field bending magnets at 1.76 T are required. A main ramping power supply drives all dipoles and quadrupoles. Quadrupole trims are used to compensate for tune changes caused by the change of relative focusing strength during ramping. Sextupoles compensate for chromatic effects caused by dipole magnet pole saturation. All these compensations have to be performed as a function of beam energy. Above 1.1 GeV, where the magnets are heavily saturated, the reduction of dynamic aperture is compensated by redistribution of strength among the sextupole families. With these compensations, effects of the magnet saturation do not cause any considerable beam loss during energy ramping.

TUPAN007	3-D Magnetic Calculation Methods for Spiral Scaling FFAG Magnet Design	magnet-design, lattice, acceleration, background	1401
	T. Planche B. Autin, J. Fourrier, E. Froidefond, J. Pasternak LPSC, Grenoble J. L. Lancelot, D. Neuveglise Sigmaphi, Vannes F. Meot CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	Funding: ANR (French Research Agency) 2-D and 3-D magnetic calculation tools and methods have been developed at SIGMAPHI, in collaboration with IN2P3/LPSC, to design spiral FFAG magnets. These tools are currently being used for RACCAM spiral scaling FFAG magnet design. In the particular case of a spiral gap shaped magnet, a careful magnetic design has to be realized in order to keep both vertical and horizontal tunes constant during acceleration process. Promising results, obtained from tracking in 3-D field maps, demonstrate the efficiency of the horizontal and vertical tune adjustment methods presented in this paper.

TUPAN008	Spiral FFAG for Protontherapy	injection, lattice, magnet-design, cyclotron	1404
	J. Pasternak B. Autin CERN, Geneva J. Fourrier, E. Froidefond LPSC, Grenoble F. Meot CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette D. Neuveglise, T. Planche Sigmaphi, Vannes
	High rep rate of the FFAG accelerator and compactness of the spiral type of the design makes it a good candidate as medical machine for protontherapy and for biological research. The variable energy extraction with various methods is discussed. The principle of the lattice design together with the injection scheme and the beam dynamics simulations are presented. The spiral magnet design undertaken in the frame of the RACCAM project is briefly described.

TUPAN014	Status of the FAIR SIS100/300 Synchrotron Design	dipole, quadrupole, lattice, ion	1419
	P. J. Spiller U. B. Blell, H. Eickhoff, E. Fischer, E. Floch, P. Hulsmann, J. E. Kaugerts, M. Kauschke, H. Klingbeil, H. G. Koenig, A. Kraemer, D. Kramer, U. Laier, G. Moritz, C. Omet, N. Pyka, H. Ramakers, H. Reich-sprenger, M. Schwickert, J. Stadlmann GSI, Darmstadt A. D. Kovalenko JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
	The project status of the main accelerators, the SIS100 and SIS300 synchrotrons of the FAIR project will be presented. In order to accommodate more preferable technical solutions, the structure of the magnet lattice had to be modified in both machines. After these changes, more appropriate technical solutions for the main magnets and quench protection systems could be adapted. The general machine layout and design, e.g. of the demanding extraction schemes, has been detailed and open design issues were solved. The developments and design of all major technical systems are in progress and prototyping has started or is in preparation.

TUPAN015	Ion Optical Layout of the FAIR Synchrotron and Beam Line Systems	lattice, dipole, septum, kicker	1422
	J. Stadlmann K. Blasche, B. Franczak, F. Hagenbuck, C. Omet, N. Pyka, S. Ratschow, P. J. Spiller GSI, Darmstadt A. D. Kovalenko JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
	The ion-optical layout of the two main synchrotrons and the high energy beam transport system of the FAIR project is summarized. SIS100 will be used to generate high intensity beams of all ion species from protons to uranium with a maximum rigidity of 100 Tm. The ion optical layout is optimized for the operation with heavy ions of medium charge states. For this purpose we developed a new ion optical design which provides a separation of the ionized beam particles from the circulating beam in each lattice cell. The chosen lattice structure provides a peaked loss distribution and enables the suppression of beam loss induced pressure bumps. Furthermore a compact layout of the extraction systems for slow and fast extraction at 100 Tm and 300 Tm has been developed. Since both synchrotrons are situated in the same tunnel, the SIS300 ion optical layout has to match the geometrical shape of the SIS100 precisely - although both rings use different lattice structures. The design of the beam transport system allows an effective parallel operation of the two synchrotrons, storage rings and experiments of the FAIR complex.

TUPAN046	A Modification Plan of the KEK 500MeV Booster to an All-ion Accelerators (An Injector-free Synchrotron)	ion, acceleration, kicker, injection	1490
	E. Nakamura T. Adachi, Y. Arakida, T. Iwashita, M. Kawai, T. Kono, H. Sato, Y. Shimosaki, K. Takayama, M. Wake KEK, Ibaraki T. S. Dixit GUAS/AS, Ibaraki S. I. Inagaki Kyushu University T. Kikuchi Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya K. Okazaki Nippon Advanced Technology Co. Ltd., Ibaraki-prefecture K. T. Torikai NIRS, Chiba-shi
	A medium-energy synchrotron capable of accelerating all ion species based on a novel technology of the induction synchrotron* has been proposed as an all-ion accelerator (AIA). The AIA without any specific injector employs a strong focusing lattice and induction acceleration, driven by novel switching power supplies. All ions, including cluster ions with any charge state, are accelerated in a single accelerator. A plan to modify the existing KEK 500 MeV Booster to the AIA is under consideration. Its key aspects, such as an ion-source, a low-field injection scheme and induction acceleration, are described. Deep implant of moderate-energy heavy ions provided from the AIA into various materials may create a new alloy in bulk size. Energy deposition caused by the electro-excitation associated with passing of swift ions through the material is known to largely modify its structure. The similar irradiation on metal in a small physical space of less than a mm in diameter and in a short time period less than 100 nsec is known to create a particularly interesting warm dense-matter state. The AIA capable is a quite interesting device as a driver to explore these new paradigms. K. Takayama, et al., "Experimental Demonstration of the Induction Synchrotron", PAC07. K. Takayama, et al., PCT/JP2006/308502 (2006).* T. Dixit, et al., PAC07.

TUPAN051	Design of Dynamic Collimator for J-PARC Main Ring	target, collimation, beam-losses, injection	1505
	M. Tomizawa A. Y. Molodozhentsev, M. J. Shirakata KEK, Ibaraki
	The J-PARC main ring has a beam collimator section downstream of the injection area. The allowed beam loss is about 500 W. The beam halo during injection can be scraped by a standard collimator scheme. The beam halo can grow during the acceleration. Such a halo may cause a serious beam loss for extracted beam. A collimation during acceleration (dynamic collimator) is usefull to reduce the uncontrolable beam loss at the extraction. We will report the design and simulation of the dynamic collimation.

TUPAN052	New Beam Optics Design of Injection/Fast Extraction/Abort Lines of J-PARC Main Ring	injection, kicker, quadrupole, beam-losses	1508
	M. Tomizawa A. Y. Molodozhentsev, E. Nakamura, I. Sakai, M. Uota KEK, Ibaraki
	J-PARC Main Ring has three straight sections for injection, slow extraction and fast extraction. Injection line has been redesigned so as to give a higher reliability for the thin septa. The magnetic field can be reduced by adding an extra kicker. New optics for the fast extraction with a larger acceptance has been proposed. In this design, the thin septa are replaced by kickers with a large aperture. Beam with an arbitrary energy can be aborted from opposite side from the fast extraction. An external abort line has been designed to deliver the beam aborted with an arbitrary energy to a dump just by using a static quadrupole doublet for the focus.

TUPAN088	Beam Scraping for LHC Injection	injection, emittance, proton, beam-losses	1580
	H. Burkhardt G. Arduini, S. Bart Pedersen, C. Fischer, JJ. G. Gras, A. Koschik, D. K. Kramer, S. Redaelli CERN, Geneva
	Operation of the LHC will require injection of very high intensity beams from the SPS to the LHC. Fast scrapers have been installed and will be used in the SPS to detect and remove any existing halo before beams are extracted, to minimize the probability for quenching of super-conducting magnets at injection in the LHC. We briefly review the functionality of the scraper system and report about measurements that have recently been performed in the SPS on halo scraping and re-population of tails.

TUPAN090	Parametric Field Modelling for the LHC Main Magnets in Operating Conditions	quadrupole, dipole, injection, multipole	1586
	M. DiCastro L. Bottura, L. Deniau, N. J. Sammut, S. Sanfilippo, D. Sernelius, W. Venturini Delsolaro CERN, Geneva
	The first injections and ramps in the LHC will require a prediction of the settings of the main ring powering circuits as well as the main correctors. For this reason we are developing a parametric model of the magnetic field generated by the LHC magnets that will provide the field dependence on current, ramp-rate, time, and history. The model of the field is fitted on magnetic field measurements performed during the acceptance tests in operating conditions before their installation in the machine. In this paper we summarise the different steps necessary to select the relevant data and identify the parameters: the data extraction, the cleaning and the validation of the measurements, and the fitting procedure that is used to obtain the parameters from the experimental results. The main result reported is a summary of the value of the parameters obtained with the above procedure, and describing the behaviour of the magnetic field in the LHC main superconducting magnets (i.e. arc, dispersion suppressors and matching sections).

TUPAN094	PS2 Injection, Extraction and Beam Transfer Concepts	injection, septum, kicker, ion	1598
	B. Goddard W. Bartmann, M. Benedikt, A. Koschik, T. Kramer CERN, Geneva
	The replacement of CERN's existing 26 GeV Proton Synchrotron (PS) machine with a separated-function synchrotron PS2 has been identified as an important part of the possible future upgrade programme of the CERN accelerator complex. The PS2 will require a number of new beam transfer systems associated with injection, extraction, beam dumping and transfer. The different requirements are briefly presented, together with an overview of the conceptual design of these systems, based on the initial PS2 parameter set. The required equipment sub-system performance is derived and discussed. Possible limitations are analysed and the impact on the overall design and parameter set is discussed.

TUPAN095	Design and Performance of the CNGS Secondary Beam Line	target, proton, secondary-beams, simulation	1601
	E. Gschwendtner L. Bruno, K. Elsener, A. Ferrari, M. Meddahi, A. Pardons, S. Rangod CERN, Geneva A. Guglielmi INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova P. R. Sala INFN-Milano, Milano
	An intense muon-neutrino beam (10¹⁷ nu-mu/day) is generated at CERN and directed towards the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, LNGS, in Italy, 732 km away from CERN. The muon-neutrinos are produced in association with muons in the decay of the pions and kaons created in the target. In the presently approved physics programme, it is foreseen to run the CNGS facility with 4.5 · 10¹⁹ protons/year for five years. During a CNGS cycle, i.e. every 6s, two nominal SPS extractions of 2.4 ·10¹³ protons each at 400GeV/c are sent down the proton beam line to the target. The CNGS secondary beam line, starting with the target, has to cope with this situation, which pushes the beam line equipment and instrumentation to the limits of radiation hardness, mechanical stresses, etc. during the CNGS operation. An overview of the CNGS secondary beam line will be shown. Emphasis will be on the target, the magnetic focusing lenses (horn and reflector) and the muon monitors. The performance of the secondary beam line during beam commissioning and physics operation will be discussed and measurements compared with simulations.

TUPAN096	High Intensity Commissioning of the SPS LSS4 Extraction for CNGS	beam-losses, radiation, proton, kicker	1604
	V. Kain E. Carlier, E. H.R. Gaxiola, B. Goddard, M. Gourber-Pace, E. Gschwendtner, M. Meddahi, H. Vincke, H. Vincke, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva
	The fast extraction in SPS LSS4 serves both the anti-clockwise ring of the LHC and the CERN Gran Sasso Neutrino facility (CNGS). The latter requires 2 fast extractions of 10.5 microsecond long batches per cycle, 50 milliseconds apart. Each batch will consist of 2.4·10⁺¹³ protons at 400 GeV, a factor of 10 in energy density above the equipment damage limit in case of beam loss. Active and passive protection systems are in place to guarantee safe operation and to respect the radiation limits close to the extraction region. In summer 2006 CNGS was commissioned including extraction with high intensity. A thorough setting-up of the extraction was performed as part of the CNGS commissioning, including aperture and beam loss measurements, and defining and checking of interlock thresholds for the extraction trajectory, magnet currents, kicker voltage and beam loss monitors. The various systems and the associated risks are discussed, the commissioning results are summarised and a comparison is made with predictions from simulations.

TUPAN097	Studies of Beam Losses from Failures of SPS Beam Dump Kickers	kicker, simulation, target, beam-losses	1607
	T. Kramer G. Arduini, O. E. Berrig, E. Carlier, L. Ducimetiere, B. Goddard, A. Koschik, J. A. Uythoven CERN, Geneva
	The SPS beam dump extraction process was studied in detail to investigate the possibility of operation with reduced kicker voltage and to fully understand the trajectory and loss pattern of the mis-kicked beams. This paper briefly describes the SPS beam dump process, and presents the tracking studies carried out for failure cases. The simulation results are compared to the results of measurements made with low intensity beams.

TUPAN098	Beam Commissioning of the SPS LSS6 Extraction and TT60 for LHC	kicker, controls, septum, instrumentation	1610
	B. Goddard B. Balhan, E. H.R. Gaxiola, M. Gourber-Pace, L. K. Jensen, V. Kain, A. Koschik, T. Kramer, J. A. Uythoven, H. Vincke, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva
	The new fast extraction system in LSS6 of the SPS and the first 100 m of transfer line TT60 was commissioned with low intensity beam in late 2006. The layout and functionality of the main elements are briefly explained, including the various hardware subsystems and the control system. The systems safety procedures, test objectives and measurements performed during the beam commissioning are described.

TUPAN110	On Feasibility Study of 8 MeV H^- Cyclotron to Charge the Electron Cooling System for HESR	cyclotron, ion, electron, ion-source	1631
	N. Yu. Kazarinov A. I. Papash NASU/INR, Kiev V. V. Parkhomchuk BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	A compact cyclotron to accelerate negative Hydrogen ions up to 8 MeV is considered the optimal solution to the problem of charging the high voltage terminal of the Electron Cooling System for High Energy Storage Ring at GSI (HESR Project, Darmstadt). Physical as well as technical parameters of the accelerator are estimated. Different types of commercially available cyclotrons are compared as a possible source of a 1 mA H^- beam for HESR. An original design based on the application of well-established technical solutions for commercial accelerators is proposed.

TUPAS015	Operational Aspects of the Main Injector Large Aperture Quadrupole	quadrupole, lattice, beam-losses, injection	1685
	W. Chou C. L. Bartelson, B. C. Brown, D. Capista, J. L. Crisp, J. DiMarco, J. Fitzgerald, H. D. Glass, D. J. Harding, B. Hendricks, D. E. Johnson, V. S. Kashikhin, I. Kourbanis, W. F. Robotham, T. Sager, M. Tartaglia, L. Valerio, R. C. Webber, M. Wendt, D. Wolff, M.-J. Yang Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	Funding: Work supported by Universities Research Association, Inc. under contract No. DE-AC02-76CH03000 with the U. S. Dept. of Energy. A two-year Large Aperture Quadrupole (WQB) Project was completed in the summer of 2006 at Fermilab.* Nine WQBs were designed, fabricated and bench-tested by the Technical Division. Seven of them were installed in the Main Injector and the other two for spares. They perform well. The aperture increase meets the design goal and the perturbation to the lattice is minimal. The machine acceptance in the injection and extraction regions is increased from 40π to 60π mm-mrad. This paper gives a brief report of the operation and performance of these magnets. Details can be found in Ref*. D. Harding et al, "A Wide Aperture Quadrupole for the Fermilab Main Injector," this conference. ** W. Chou, Fermilab Beams-doc-#2479, http://beamdocs.fnal.gov/AD-public/DocDB/DocumentDatabase

TUPAS039	The Concept Design of a Transfer Line from the Recycler to the Main Injector for the Fermilab Nova Project	kicker, proton, lattice, closed-orbit	1730
	M. Xiao D. E. Johnson Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	Funding: Work supported by URA under contract No. DEAC02-76CH03000 with the U. S.Dept. of Energy. Upon the termination of the Fermilab Collider program, the current Recycler anti-proton storage ring will be converted to a proton pre-injector for the Main Injector synchrotron. This is scheduled to increase the beam power for the 120 GeV Neutrino program to upwards of 700KW. Due to momentum aperture restriction, a new transport line that extracts the beam from the Recycler at a dispersion free region to the main injector will be discussed, and its concept design will be presented.

TUPAS040	Momentum Spread Reduction at Beam Extraction from the Fermilab Booster at Slipstacking Injection to the Main Injector	booster, injection, synchrotron, emittance	1733
	A. I. Drozhdin W. Pellico, X. Yang Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	In order to reduce the momentum spread of the beam at extraction from the Booster to the Main Injector with slip stacking injection, the bunch rotation at the end of the cycle is applied. However, the fast RF voltage reduction often causes beam loading issues to Booster RF cavities, and the reliability of extracted beam becomes a problem. An alternative solution is investigated - modulating the RF voltage with twice of the synchrotron frequency introduces bunch length oscillation, and the beam is extracted at the time when the bunch length reaches maximum and the momentum spread becomes minimal.

TUPAS045	Microwave Ion Source and Beam Injection for an Accelerator-driven Neutron Source	ion, ion-source, emittance, rfq	1745
	J. H. Vainionpaa R. Gough, M. D. Hoff, J. W. Kwan, B. A. Ludewigt, M. J. Regis, J. G. Wallig, R. P. Wells LBNL, Berkeley, California
	Funding: Supported by Office of Science, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and by the U. S. Department of Homeland Security under contract No. HSHQBP-05-X-00033. An over-dense microwave driven ion source capable of producing deuterium (or hydrogen) beams at 100-200 mA/cm² with an atomic fraction > 90% was designed as a part of an Accelerator Driven Neutron Source (ADNS). The ion source was tested with an electrostatic low energy beam transport section (LEBT) and measured emittance data was compared to PBGUNS simulations. In our design a 40 mA D⁺ beam is produced from a 6 mm diameter aperture using a 60 kV extraction voltage. The LEBT section consists of 5 electrodes arranged to form 2 Einzel lenses that focus the beam into the RFQ entrance. To create the ECR condition, 2 induction coils are used to generate a ~875 Gauss magnetic field on axis inside the source chamber. To prevent HV breakdown in the LEBT, a magnetic field clamp is necessary to minimize the field in this region. The microwave power is matched to the plasma by an autotuner. A significant improvement in the atomic fracion of the beam was achieved by installing a boron nitride liner inside the ion source

TUPAS048	Beam Extraction Concepts and Design for the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER)	dipole, quadrupole, injection, electron	1754
	M. Walter G. Bai, B. L. Beaudoin, S. Bernal, D. W. Feldman, T. F. Godlove, I. Haber, R. A. Kishek, P. G. O'Shea, C. Papadopoulos, M. Reiser, D. Stratakis, D. F. Sutter, J. C.T. Thangaraj, C. Wu UMD, College Park, Maryland
	Funding: This work is funded by US Dept. of Energy grant numbers DE-FG02-94ER40855 and DE-FG02-92ER54178. The University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) is a low energy, high current recirculator for beam physics research. The electron storage ring has been closed and recent operations have been focused on achieving multi-turn transport. An entire suite of terminal diagnostics is available for time-resolved phase space measurements of the beam. These diagnostics have been mounted and tested at several points on the ring before it was closed. UMER utilizes a unique injection scheme which uses the fringe fields of an offset quadrupole to assist a pulsed dipole in bending the beam into the ring. Similar concepts, along with more traditional electrostatic methods, are being considered for beam extraction. This presentation will focus on the recent efforts to design and deploy these major subsystems required for beam extraction.

TUPAS057	Injector Particle Simulation and Beam Transport in a Compact Linear Proton Accelerator	proton, electron, simulation, beam-transport	1781
	D. T. Blackfield Y.-J. Chen, J. R. Harris, S. D. Nelson, A. Paul, B. R. Poole LLNL, Livermore, California
	Funding: This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. A compact Dielectric Wall Accelerator (DWA), with field gradient up to 100 MV/m, is being developed to accelerate proton bunches for use in cancer therapy treatment. The injector first generates a few nanosecond long and 40 pQ proton bunch, which is then compressed in the compression section at the end of the injector. Finally the bunch is accelerated in the high-gradient DWA accelerator to energy up to 70 - 250 MeV. The Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code LSP is used to model several aspects of this design. First, we use LSP to determine the needed voltage waveform in the A-K gap that will produce a proton bunch with the requisite charge. We then model pulse compression and shaping in the section between the A-K gap and the DWA. We finally use LSP to model the beam transport through the DWA.

TUPAS059	Compact Proton Accelerator for Cancer Therapy	proton, focusing, simulation, radiation	1787
	Y.-J. Chen A. Paul LLNL, Livermore, California
	Funding: This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy, the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. An investigation is being made into the feasibility of making a compact proton accelerator for medical radiation treatment. The accelerator is based on high gradient insulation (HGI) technology. The beam energy should be tunable between 70 and 250 MeV to allow the Bragg peak to address tumors at different depths in the patient. The desired radiation dose is consistent with a beam charge of 40 pico-coulombs. The particle source is a small 2 mm plasma device from which a several nano-second pulse can be extracted. The beam current is selectable by the potential of the extraction electrode and is adjustable in the range of 10-100 milli-Amperes. This beam is then accelerated and focused by the next three electrodes forming a Accel-Deaccel-Accel (ADA) structure leading to the DWA accelerator block. The spot size is adjustable over 2 to 10 mm. A transparent grid terminates the injector section and prevents the very high gradient of the HGI structure from influencing the overall focusing of the system. The beam energy is determined by the length of the DWA structure that is charged. This give independent selection of beam dose, size and energy.

TUPAS073	New Design of the SNS MEBT Chopper Deflector	linac, power-supply, beam-transport, target	1817
	A. V. Aleksandrov C. Deibele ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	Funding: SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U. S. Department of Energy. The chopper system for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) provides a gap in the beam for clean extraction from the accumulator ring. It consists of a pre-chopper in the low energy beam transport and a faster chopper in the medium energy beam transport (MEBT). The original "meander line" design of the MEBT chopper deflector was successfully tested with low power beam during the SNS linac commissioning but turned out to be unsuitable for high power beam operation due to poor cooling of the copper strip line through the dielectric substrate. We developed a new deflecting structure, with higher deflection efficiency and with rise and fall time easily customizable to match the available high voltage pulse generator. In this paper we describe design, implementation and beam tests results of the new MEBT chopper deflector.

TUPAS077	Modeling Ion Extraction from an ECR Ion Source	ion, plasma, electron, emittance	1826
	B. Cluggish S. Galkin, J. S. Kim Far-Tech, Inc., San Diego, California
	Funding: This research was performed under a U. S. Dept. of Energy SBIR grant. Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS) that generate multiply charged ions reduce the cost to produce radioactive ion beams by reducing the accelerating voltage needed to achieve the desired beam energy. FAR-TECH, Inc. is developing an integrated suite of numerical codes to simulate ECRIS ion capture, charge breeding, and ion extraction. Ion extraction is modeled with a particle in cell (PIC) code. Since the ion dynamics are strongly dependent on the behavior of the plasma sheath at the boundary between the ECRIS plasma and the ion optics, the PIC code uses an adaptive Poisson solver to accurately resolve the potential drop in the sheath. Results of the integrated ECRIS model will be presented, including calculations of extraction efficiency with multiple ion species.

TUPAS078	Status of FAR-TECH's ECR Ion Source Optimization Modeling	ion, plasma, simulation, electron	1829
	J. S. Kim I. N. Bogatu, B. Cluggish, S. Galkin, L. Zhao Far-Tech, Inc., San Diego, California R. C. Pardo ANL, Argonne, Illinois V. Tangri UW-Madison/PD, Madison, Wisconsin
	Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy, under a SBIR grant No. DE-FG02-04ER83954. The electron cyclotron-resonance ion source (ECRIS) is one of the most efficient ways to provide high-quality, high-charge-state ion beam for research and development of particle accelerators and atomic physics experiments. For ECR ion source performance optimization, FAR-TECH Inc. is developing an integrated suite of computer codes: the Generalized ECRIS plasma Modeling code (GEM), the MCBC (Monte Carlo Beam Capture) module, to study beam capture and charge-breeding processes in ECRIS, and the extraction section code. Our recent progress includes the following: algorithm update of Coulomb collision in MCBC for more accurate calculations of the beam capture efficiency, which depends on beam energy and the background plasma, 2D extension of GEM by adding the radial dimension, and the ion extraction section modeling using an adaptive technique.

TUPAS079	2D Extension of GEM (The Generalized ECR Ion Source Modeling Code)	plasma, ion, electron, resonance	1832
	L. Zhao B. Cluggish, J. S. Kim Far-Tech, Inc., San Diego, California
	Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy, under a SBIR grant No. DE-FG02-04ER83954 To model ECRIS, GEM is being extended to 2D by adding radial dimension. The electron distribution function (EDF) is calculated on each magnetic flux surface using a bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck code with 2D ECR heating (ECRH) modeling. The ion fluid model is also being extended to 2D by adding collisional radial transport terms. All species in ECRIS are balanced by keeping the neutrality in each cell and the plasma potential is calculated by maintaining the ambipolarity globally. The graphical user interface (GUI) and parallel computing ability of GEM make it an easy-to-use tool for ECRIS research. Numerical results and comparisons with experimental data will be presented.

TUPAS080	High-Current Proton and Deuterium Extraction Systems	simulation, plasma, ion, proton	1835
	J. D. Sherman
	The PBGUNS code* is used to explore and optimize high-current extraction system designs for hydrogen and deuterium plasmas. Two subjects are explored: first, the PBGUNS simulations are used to evaluate an analytic procedure for determining suitable plasma electrode shapes for hydrogen-ion beams. Experimental confirmation for this procedure was found in the high-current proton Low-Energy Demonstration Accelerator* project at Los Alamos. A second subject is to determine via numerical simulations an initial design for a high-quality deuterium ion beam that could be extracted from a microwave ion source. This work builds on many years experience in design and testing of high-current extraction systems for proton and H^- injectors. Steve Bell, Thunderbird Simulations, www.thunderbirdsimulations.com. J. David Schneider, these Conference proceedings. **J. D. Sherman, et. al., Rev. of Sci. Instrum. 73(2), 917(2002).

TUPAS082	A Method For Calculating Near-Optimum Ion-Extractor Profiles	simulation, space-charge, ion, plasma	1841
	J. D. Schneider
	A process and program have been developed to interactively calculate the near-optimum electrode profiles for high-perveance ion-extraction systems. A MathCad program determines the near-optimum electrode profiles for high-current (high-perveance) high-quality beams. The program input starts with key parameters: plasma density, estimated mix of ions, extraction voltage, total current, plus desired output beam size and divergence. The computations simulate a spherically convergent extraction system that simultaneously minimizes the aberrations from the exit aperture while directly compensating for both the exit aperture de-focusing lens, and internal space charge in the beam. The program outputs cylindrical (r,z) coordinates of the emission and extractor electrodes, plus displays the beam perveance and output beam size and divergence. This paper will describe this process in some detail and will show examples of its successful use. This technique was used successfully in multiple projects over the past 25 years. Electrode shapes used in past hardware tests are examined with the successive over relaxation code PBGUNS in an accompanying paper.* * J. D. Sherman, these conference proceedings.

TUPAS096	Setup and Performance of the RHIC Injector Accelerators for the 2007 Run with Gold Ions	booster, ion, emittance, injection	1862
	C. J. Gardner L. Ahrens, J. G. Alessi, J. Benjamin, M. Blaskiewicz, J. M. Brennan, K. A. Brown, C. Carlson, W. Fischer, J. Glenn, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, G. J. Marr, J. Morris, F. C. Pilat, T. Roser, F. Severino, K. Smith, D. Steski, P. Thieberger, N. Tsoupas, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	Funding: Work performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy. Gold ions for the 2007 run of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) are accelerated in the Tandem, Booster and AGS prior to injection into RHIC. The setup and performance of this chain of accelerators will be reviewed with a focus on improvements in the quality of beam delivered to RHIC. In particular, more uniform stripping foils between Booster and AGS, and a new bunch merging scheme in AGS promise to provide beam bunches with reduced longitudinal emittance for RHIC.

WEXAB03	ATF Results and ATF-II Plans	damping, emittance, kicker, laser	1950
	J. Urakawa
	The ATF (Accelerator Test Facility at KEK) International collaboration has been launched formally under the MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) from August 1, 2005, so as to maximally contribute to the world design and development efforts in the areas of particle sources, damping rings, beam focusing and beam instrumentation towards the International Linear Collider (ILC) project. I will give a talk on the recent ATF results and future plans of ATF2 project. I am sure that ATF International collaboration group will give a right direction regarding the development of fast kicker for ILC damping ring and clear experimental results on fast ion instability with very flat beam. Several considerations for ATF-II beam commissioning strategy will be discussed with the explanation of the beam instrumentation.
	Slides

WEOBAB01	Electromagnetic Background Tests for the ILC Interaction Point Feedback System	feedback, background, electron, luminosity	1970
	P. Burrows R. Arnold, S. Molloy, S. Smith, G. R. White, M. Woods SLAC, Menlo Park, California G. B. Christian, C. I. Clarke, B. Constance, A. F. Hartin, H. D. Khah, C. Perry, C. Swinson, G. R. White JAI, Oxford A. Kalinin STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	We present results obtained with the T-488 experiment at SLAC Endstation A (ESA). A material model of the ILC extraction-line design was assembled and installed in ESA. The module includes materials representing the mask, beamline calorimeter, and first extraction quadrupole, encompassing a stripline interaction-point feedback system beam position monitor (BPM). The SLAC high-energy electron beam was used to irradiate the module in order to mimic the electromagnetic (EM) backgrounds expected in the ILC interaction region. The impact upon the performance of the feedback BPM was measured, and compared with detailed simulations of its expected response.
	Slides

WEZAB02	Results on CLIC Proof of Principle from CTF3	linac, collider, injection, beam-loading	1979
	R. Corsini
	The CLIC Test Facility CTF3, built at CERN by an international collaboration, aims at demonstrating the feasibility of the CLIC scheme of Multi-TeV electron-positron collider by 2010. In its final configuration CTF3 will consist of a 150 MeV drive beam linac followed by a 42 m long delay loop and an 84 m combiner ring. The installation includes a two-beam test stand and a test decelerator. The linac and delay loop have been already commissioned, while the combiner ring will be completed by the first half of 2007. High gradient testing of accelerating structures is also under way. The status of the facility, the experimental results obtained and the future plans will be presented.
	Slides

WEOCAB01	Design of the Beam Delivery System for the International Linear Collider	collimation, linac, diagnostics, betatron	1985
	A. Seryi I. V. Agapov, G. A. Blair, S. T. Boogert, J. Carter Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey M. Alabau, P. Bambade, J. Brossard, O. Dadoun LAL, Orsay J. A. Amann, R. Arnold, F. Asiri, K. L.F. Bane, P. Bellomo, E. Doyle, A. F. Fasso, L. Keller, J. Kim, K. Ko, Z. Li, T. W. Markiewicz, T. V.M. Maruyama, K. C. Moffeit, S. Molloy, Y. Nosochkov, N. Phinney, T. O. Raubenheimer, S. Seletskiy, S. Smith, C. M. Spencer, P. Tenenbaum, D. R. Walz, G. R. White, M. Woodley, M. Woods, L. Xiao SLAC, Menlo Park, California M. Anerella, A. K. Jain, A. Marone, B. Parker BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York D. A.-K. Angal-Kalinin, C. D. Beard, J.-L. Fernandez-Hernando, P. Goudket, F. Jackson, J. K. Jones, A. Kalinin, P. A. McIntosh STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire R. Appleby UMAN, Manchester J. L. Baldy, D. Schulte CERN, Geneva L. Bellantoni, A. I. Drozhdin, V. S. Kashikhin, V. Kuchler, T. Lackowski, N. V. Mokhov, N. Nakao, T. Peterson, M. C. Ross, S. I. Striganov, J. C. Tompkins, M. Wendt, X. Yang Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois K. Buesser DESY, Hamburg P. Burrows, G. B. Christian, C. I. Clarke, A. F. Hartin OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon G. Burt, A. C. Dexter Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire J. Carwardine, C. W. Saunders ANL, Argonne, Illinois B. Constance, H. Dabiri Khah, C. Perry, C. Swinson JAI, Oxford O. Delferriere, O. Napoly, J. Payet, D. Uriot CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette C. J. Densham, R. J.S. Greenhalgh STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon A. Enomoto, S. Kuroda, T. Okugi, T. Sanami, Y. Suetsugu, T. Tauchi KEK, Ibaraki A. Ferrari UU/ISV, Uppsala J. Gronberg LLNL, Livermore, California Y. Iwashita Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto W. Lohmann DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen L. Ma STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire T. M. Mattison UBC, Vancouver, B. C. T. S. Sanuki University of Tokyo, Tokyo V. I. Telnov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk E. T. Torrence University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon D. Warner Colorado University at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado N. K. Watson Birmingham University, Birmingham H. Y. Yamamoto Tohoku University, Sendai
	The beam delivery system for the linear collider focuses beams to nanometer sizes at the interaction point, collimates the beam halo to provide acceptable background in the detector and has a provision for state-of-the art beam instrumentation in order to reach the physics goals. The beam delivery system of the International Linear Collider has undergone several configuration changes recently. This paper describes the design details and status of the baseline configuration considered for the reference design.
	Slides

WEOCAB02	Automatic Luminosity Optimisation of the ILC Head-On BDS	luminosity, quadrupole, linear-collider, collider	1988
	J. Payet S. Auclair, A. Chance, O. Napoly, D. Uriot CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	Funding: EUROTeV Project Contract no.011899 RIDS With the local chromaticity correction scheme, the luminosity optimisation of the beam delivery systems of the e⁺ e^- International Linear Collider (ILC) project is challenging. A manual optimization is a long and complex process and its automation becomes a necessity. Recent works have shown that it was possible to employ a simplex minimization method, applied to the beam size calculation at the Interaction Point (IP), to reach this objective automatically . To achieve this goal in the ILC case, we have developed a minimization code which uses analytical computations of the IP beam sizes based on external code results, TRANSPORT* or MADX (with PTC extension)**. Two minimization algorithms can be employed. The maximum luminosity reached and the convergence time of the two codes and algorithms are compared. We also used the code TRACEWIN which tracks a particle cloud and minimise the rms beam spot sizes at IP to optimise the luminosity, and we compare with the previous results. Non-linear optimization of beam lines, R. Tomas, CLIC Note 659 Third-Order TRANSPORT with MAD Input, D. C. Carey, K. L. Brown and F. Rothacker, FERMILAB-Pub-98/310* MADX User's Guide CERN
	Slides

WEOBC02	Vertical Instability at IPNS RCS	synchrotron, proton, acceleration, beam-losses	2022
	S. Wang F. R. Brumwell, J. C. Dooling, K. C. Harkay, R. Kustom, G. E. McMichael, M. E. Middendorf, A. Nassiri ANL, Argonne, Illinois
	Funding: This work is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under contract no. W-31-109-ENG-38. The Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) accelerates 3.2x 10¹² protons from 50 MeV to 450 MeV at 30 Hz. During the 14.2 ms acceleration period, the RF frequency varies from 2.21 MHz to 5.14 MHz. The beam current is limited by a vertical instability. By analyzing turn-by-turn Beam Position Monitor (BPM) data, large amplitude mode 0 and mode 1 vertical beam centroid oscillations were observed in the later part of the acceleration cycle. The oscillations develop in the tail of the bunch, build up and remain localized in the later part of the bunch. This vertical instability was compared with a head-tail instability that was intentionally induced in the RCS by adjusting the trim-sextupoles to make the horizontal chromaticity positive (below transition). It appears that our vertical instability is not typical head-tail instability. More data analysis and experiments were performed to characterize the instability.
	Slides

WEPMN017	RF System for the Elettra New Full Energy Booster Injector	booster, storage-ring, linac, synchrotron	2083
	A. Fabris M. Bocciai, L. Bortolossi, M. Ottobretti, C. Pasotti, M. Rinaldi, M. Svandrlik ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	The Elettra new full energy injector will be based on a 100 MeV linac and a 2.5 GeV booster synchrotron and it will replace the existing 1.2 linac injector. This paper presents the design, construction and the test results of the RF system for the booster synchrotron. The analysis of the foreseen operating scenario is also described. The system must be as simple and reliable as possible, taking into consideration the high availability required for the possible top-up mode of operation. It has also to be consistent with the other upgrades of the facility, as the upgrade of the storage ring RF system. The booster RF system will use a 500 MHz 5-cell copper cavity powered by a 60 kW klystron based power plant. The low level electronics has been in-house developed, starting from the system in operation in the storage ring, increasing the performances and developing the new features required by the use of a five-cell cavity, instead of a single cell one, and by the ramped operation. The commissioning of the new injector is scheduled to start in summer 2007, while the first Elettra operation for users with the new full energy injector is expected for the first quarter of 2008.

WEPMN038	Development of the Beam Chopper Timing System for Multi-Turn Injection to the J-PARC RCS	injection, linac, controls, synchrotron	2125
	F. Tamura S. Anami, E. Ezura, K. Hara, C. Ohmori, A. Takagi, M. Toda, M. Yoshii KEK, Ibaraki K. Hasegawa, M. Nomura, A. Schnase, M. Yamamoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
	Multi-turn injection using charge exchange is employed for the J-PARC Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS). To improve the bunching factor of the beam in the ring, the momentum offset injection scheme is used. In each turn, the bunch trains from the linac are injected into the RF buckets with a momentum offset. The bunch train is called the "intermediate pulse". The intermediate pulses are generated in the low energy section of the linac by the RF chopper and pre-chopper. Since the pulse must be synchronized to the RF voltage in the ring, the timing signals for the choppers are generated by the low-level RF (LLRF) system of the RCS and the signals are sent to the chopper control. The RF chopper and the pre-choppers require different pulse widths. Thanks to the direct digital synthesis (DDS) in the LLRF system, precise zero-cross signals for the reference of the chopper pulses are generated without difficulties. The cable route from the RCS LLRF system to the linac chopper control system is more than one kilometer. Thus, the chopper pulses are sent via optical cables. We developed the chopper timing module. We describe the details of the hardware and the preliminary test results.

WEPMN071	High RF Power Production for CLIC	damping, impedance, linac, simulation	2194
	I. Syratchev E. Adli, D. Schulte, M. Taborelli CERN, Geneva
	The CLIC Power Extraction and Transfer Structure (PETS) is a passive microwave device in which bunches of the drive beam interact with the impedance of the periodically loaded waveguide and excite preferentially the synchronous mode. The RF power produced (several hundred MW) is collected at the downstream end of the structure by means of the Power Extractor and delivered to the main linac structure. The PETS geometry is a result of multiple compromises between beam stability and main linac RF power needs. Another requirement is to provide local RF power termination in case of accelerating structure failure (ON/OFF capability). Surface electric and magnetic fields, power extraction method, HOM damping, ON/OFF capability and fabrication technology were all evaluated to provide a reliable design.

WEPMN078	RF Cavity Development for FFAG Application on ERLP at Daresbury	impedance, klystron, electron, linac	2209
	E. Wooldridge C. D. Beard, B. D. Fell, P. A. McIntosh, B. Todd STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire R. M. Jones, B. Spencer UMAN, Manchester
	Funding for a non-scaling, Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) facility has been approved for installation on the Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) at Daresbury. The RF system specification for this project requires the development of a high efficiency, 1.3 GHz, normal conducting accelerating structure, capable of delivering the required accelerating voltage, whilst adhering to stringent space limitations imposed by the extremely compact nature of the FFAG ring. We have optimised a cavity design, providing the necessary acceleration and minimising the RF power requirements to match with commercially available power sources.

WEPMN088	The IPNS Second Harmonic RF Upgrade	acceleration, injection, controls, proton	2233
	M. E. Middendorf F. R. Brumwell, J. C. Dooling, D. Horan, R. Kustom, M. K. Lien, G. E. McMichael, M. R. Moser, A. Nassiri, S. Wang ANL, Argonne, Illinois
	Funding: This work is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under contract no. W-31-109-ENG-38. The Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) is used to accelerate protons from 50 MeV to 450 MeV, at a repetition rate of 30 Hz. The original ring design included two identical RF systems, each consisting of an accelerating cavity, cavity bias supply, power amplifiers and low level analog electronics. The original cavities are located 180 degrees apart in the ring, and provide a total peak accelerating voltage of ~21 kV over the 2.21 MHz to 5.14 MHz revolution frequency sweep. A third RF system has been constructed and installed in the RCS. The third RF system is capable of operating at the fundamental revolution frequency for the entire acceleration cycle, providing an additional peak accelerating voltage of up to ~11kV, or at the second harmonic of the revolution frequency for the first ~4 ms of the acceleration cycle, providing an additional peak voltage of up to ~11kV for bunch shape control, resulting in a modest increase in bunch length. We describe here to date, the hardware implementation and operation of the third RF cavity in the second harmonic mode.

THOBAB01	EMMA - the World's First Non-scaling FFAG	acceleration, diagnostics, injection, factory	2624
	T. R. Edgecock
	EMMA - the Electron Model of Muon Acceleration - is to be built at the CCLRC Daresbury Laboratory in the UK. It will demonstrate the principle of non-scaling FFAGs and be used to study the features of this type of accelerator in detail. Although a model of the muon accelerators in a Neutrino Factory, EMMA will have sufficient flexibility to study a variety of applications. It has been designed by an international collaboration of accelerator physicists and will be built as part of the CONFORM project using funds recently approved in the UK.
	Slides

THOAC01	ATF Extraction Line Laser-Wire System	laser, electron, photon, background	2636
	L. Deacon, G. A. Blair, S. T. Boogert, A. Bosco, L. Corner, L. Deacon, N. Delerue, F. Gannaway, D. F. Howell, V. Karataev, M. Newman, A. Reichold, R. Senanayake, R. Walczak JAI, Egham, Surrey A. Aryshev, H. Hayano, K. Kubo, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki G. E. Boorman Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey B. Foster OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon
	Funding: PPARC LC-ABD Collaboration Royal Society Daiwa Foundation Commission of European Communities under the 6th Framework Programme Structuring the European Research Area, contract number RIDS-011899 The ATF extraction line laser-wire (LW) aims to achieve a micron-scale laser spot size and to verify that micron-scale beam profile measurements can be performed at the International Linear Collider beam delivery system. Recent upgrades to the LW system are presented together with recent results including the first use of the LW as a beam diagnostic tool.
	Slides

THICKI03	Large Helium Refrigeration Plant Operating Experience	cryogenics, linear-collider, collider	2700
	J. Urbin R. D. Nolte Air Products & Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, Pennsylvania
	Air Products and Linde have signed a Teaming Agreement to pursue refrigeration services for the proposed International Linear Collider. Air Products brings unique helium liquefaction and refrigeration capabilities to the table through its operation of one third of the world's cryogenic liquefiers and ownership of Gardner Cryogenics – the world's leading developer, designer and manufacturer of liquid helium storage, distribution and transportation equipment. Air Products is an industry leader throughout the helium supply chain, from providing technology for crude helium extraction from natural gas, to delivering liquid helium to end users, as well as through MRI helium supply activities. Air Products has designed and installed most of the world's crude helium extraction plants. Linde designs and builds cryogenic plants and systems for the most varied fields, from fundamental research and industrial HTS applications to the cooling of superconducting accelerators and cold neutron sources, fusion and fission applications and the industrial liquefaction of helium and hydrogen.
	Slides

THPMN004	A Synchrotron Based Particle Therapy Accelerator	synchrotron, vacuum, injection, quadrupole	2713
	S. P. Møller T. Andersen, F. Bødker, A. Baurichter, P. A. Elkiaer, C. E. Hansen, N. Hauge, T. Holst, I. Jensen, L. K. Kruse, S. M. Madsen, M. Sager, S. V. Weber Danfysik A/S, Jyllinge K. Blasche BTE Heidelberg, Ingeniurburo, Schriesheim B. Franczak GSI, Darmstadt
	Danfysik and Siemens have entered a cooperation to market and build Particle Therapy* systems for cancer therapy. The accelerators will consist of an injector (7 MeV/u proton and light ions), a compact and simple synchrotron and a choice of fixed-angle horizontal and semi-vertical beamlines together with gantry systems. The optimized lattice configuration, including the design of injection and extraction systems, provides large transverse phase space acceptance with minimum magnet apertures. The resulting synchrotron will have light magnets, low values of peak power for pulsed operation and minimum dc power consumption. The beam can be accelerated to the maximum magnetic rigidity of 6.6 Tm in less than 1 s. A beam of 48-250 MeV protons and 88-430 MeV/u carbon ions can be slowly extracted during up to 10s. The intensity for protons and carbon ions will be well beyond the needs of scanning beam applications. The design and performance specs of the synchrotron will be described in detail including simulations. Design and manufacture of the subsystems are in progress. *Particle Therapy is a work in progress and requires country-specific regulatory approval prior to clinical use.

THPMN005	Technical Challenges for Head-On Collisions and Extraction at the ILC	quadrupole, luminosity, optics, collimation	2716
	O. Napoly M. Alabau, P. Bambade, J. Brossard, O. Dadoun, C. Rimbault LAL, Orsay D. A.-K. Angal-Kalinin, F. Jackson, S. I. Tzenov STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire R. Appleby UMAN, Manchester B. Balhan, J. Borburgh, B. Goddard CERN, Geneva O. Delferriere, M. Durante, J. Payet, C. Rippon, D. Uriot CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette Y. Iwashita Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto L. Keller SLAC, Menlo Park, California S. Kuroda KEK, Ibaraki G. L. Sabbi LBNL, Berkeley, California
	Funding: EUROTeV Project Contract no.011899 RIDS An interaction region with head-on collisions is considered as an alternative to the baseline ILC configuration. Progress in the final focus optics design includes engineered large bore superconducting final doublet magnets and their 3D magnetic integration in the detector solenoids. Progress on the beam separation optics is based on technical designs of electrostatic separator and special extraction quadripoles. The spent beam extraction is realized by a staged collimation scheme relying on realistic collimators. The impact on the detector background is estimated. The possibility of technical tests of the most challenging components is investigated.

THPMN008	Evaluation of Luminosity Reduction in the ILC Head-on Scheme from Parasitic Collisions	luminosity, simulation, beam-beam-effects, injection	2722
	J. Brossard M. Alabau IFIC, Valencia D. A.-K. Angal-Kalinin STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire P. Bambade, T. Derrien LAL, Orsay O. Napoly, J. Payet CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	An interaction region with head-on collisions is being developed for the ILC as an alternative to the base line 14 mrad crossing angle design, motivated by simpler beam manipulations upstream of the interaction point and a more favourable configuration for the detector and physics analysis. The design of the post-collision beam line in this scheme involves however a number of technological challenges, one of which is the strength requirement for the electrostatic separators placed immediately after the final doublet to extract the spent beam. In this paper, we examine in detail the main mechanism behind this requirement, the multi-beam kink instability, which results from the long-range beam-beam forces at the parasitic crossings after the bunches have been extracted. Our analysis uses realistic bunch distributions, the Guinea-Pig program to treat beam-beam effects at the interaction point and the DIMAD program to track the disrupted beam distributions in the post-collision beam line. A version of the beam-beam deflection based interaction point feedback system with an improved filtering algorithm is also studied to mitigate the luminosity deterioration from the instability.

THPMN009	Backscattering of Secondary Particles into the ILC Detectors from Beam Losses Along the Extraction Lines	photon, electron, simulation, collider	2725
	O. Dadoun P. Bambade LAL, Orsay
	At the International Linear Collider (ILC) the beams will be focused to extremely small spot sizes in order to achieve the desired luminosity. After the collision the beams must be brought to the dump with minimal losses. In spite of all the attention put into the design of the extraction line, the loss of some disrupted beam particles, beamstrahlung or synchrotron radiation photons is unavoidable. These losses will generate low-energy secondary particles, such as photons, electrons and neutron, a fraction of which can be back-scattered towards the interaction point and generate backgrounds into the detector. In this paper we present an evaluation of such backgrounds, using the BDSIM and Mokka simulations, for several presently considered ILC extraction lines and detectors.

THPMN020	Design Studies of the 300 AMeV Superconducting Cyclotron for Hadrontherapy	cyclotron, ion, proton, light-ion	2748
	M. M. Maggiore L. Calabretta, D. Campo, L. A.C. Piazza, D. Rifuggiato INFN/LNS, Catania
	A design study of a compact superconducting cyclotron for hadrontherapy is carrying out at Laboratori Nazionali del Sud of Catania. This machine is able to accelerate light ions with a charge to mass ratio of 0,5 up to the maximum energy of 300 AMeV. Light ions like Carbon will be extracted by an electrostatic deflector at the energy of 3,6 GeV. The range of this beam is of 174 mm in water and is enough to threat all the tumors of the head and neck district. Despite the machine is able to accelerate also the ionised hydrogen molecule up to 300 AMeV, an extraction by stripping allow us to deliver a proton beam with energy of 250 MeV. The range in water of proton beam with this energy being 370 mm. The main parameters of the cyclotron and the main features of the beam dynamics will be presented.

THPMN028	Development of the Strip-line Kicker System for ILC Damping Ring	kicker, power-supply, damping, electromagnetic-fields	2772
	T. Naito H. Hayano, K. Kubo, M. Kuriki, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki
	The performance of the kicker system for the International Linear collider(ILC) is the one of the key component to determine the damping ring(DR) circumference and the train structure. The parameters are discussing at the baseline configuration design for the ILC. The bunch trains in the linac are 2820(5640) bunches with 308(154) ns spacing and the repetition rate is 5Hz. The bunch spacing in the DR is 6(3) ns. The kicker has to have fast rise and fall times of 6(3) ns and the repetition rate of 3.25(6.5) MHz. The development work of the kicker system using multiple strip-lines is carried out at KEK-ATF. The beam test result of the single unit is described. Also Experimental results on new scheme to improve the rise and fall times will be presented.

THPMN029	A DC/Pulse Electron Gun with an Aperture Grid	cathode, gun, electron, simulation	2775
	T. Sugimura M. Ikeda, S. Ohsawa KEK, Ibaraki
	A new thermionic-electron gun for a high-brightness X-ray source is under development. Its extraction voltage and design current are 60 keV and 100 mA, respectively. In order to focus beams on a metal target within 1.0 x 0.1 mm², it is required for the emittance of a beam to be small. A grid electrode is not an orthodox mesh grid but an aperture grid. An increase of the beam emittance and heat generation at a grid will be surpressed. Electrodes dimensions such as shape of Wehnelt electrode and a shape of an aperture grid are determined by the EGUN simulation and parameters were optimized. In this paper a result of beam examination will be reported.

THPMN046	Conceptual Design of the PEFP Rapid Cycling Synchrotron	injection, lattice, proton, synchrotron	2817
	B. Chung Y.-S. Cho KAERI, Daejon Y. Y. Lee BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	*Funding: This work was supported by the 21C Frontier R&D program sponsored by Ministry of Science and Technology, Korean Government** The Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) is a research project to develop a 100 MeV, 20 mA pulsed proton linear accelerator to be used in basic/applied scientific R&D programs and industrial applications. The PEFP proposes the 1.0 GeV synchrotron accelerator as an extension of the PEFP linac, which is a 30 Hz rapid-cycling synchrotron (RCS) with the injection energy of 100 MeV. The target beam power is 87 kW at 1.0GeV in the first stage. The high intensity RCS is one of the important challenges for the spallation neutron source. The conceptual lattice design of the RCS as well as the simulations of an injection system is described in this paper.

THPMN057	New Concept for a CLIC Post-Collision Extraction Line	photon, quadrupole, vacuum, dipole	2835
	A. Ferrari
	Funding: This work is supported by the Commission of the European Communities under the 6th Framework Programme "Structuring the European Research Area", with contract number RIDS-011899. Strong beam-beam effects at the interaction point of a high-energy e⁺e^- linear collider such as CLIC lead to an emittance growth for the outgoing beams, as well as to the production of beamstrahlung photons and e⁺e^- coherent pairs. We present a conceptual design of the post-collision line for CLIC at 3 TeV, which separates the various components of the outgoing beam in a vertical magnetic chicane and then transports them to their respective dump.

THPMN077	Improved 2mrad crossing angle layout for the International Linear Collider	quadrupole, optics, beam-losses, luminosity	2883
	R. Appleby D. A.-K. Angal-Kalinin STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire P. Bambade, S. Cavalier, O. Dadoun LAL, Orsay D. Toprek UMAN, Manchester
	The 2mrad interaction region and extraction line provide several machine and physics advantages, but also involves a number of technological challenges. In this paper a minimal extraction line without beam energy and polarization diagnostics is presented, which considerably simplifies the design and reduces costs. The optimization of the interaction region sextupoles, using current and proposed technologies, and an estimation of photon backscattering from spent beam particle losses are described. Overall performance is evaluated and compared with previous designs. The upgrade to 1 TeV and the possibility of including diagnostics are considered.

THPMN078	The CONFORM Project: Construction of a NonScaling FFAG and its Applications	proton, hadron, acceleration, radiation	2886
	R. J. Barlow N. Bliss STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire T. R. Edgecock STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon N. Marks, H. L. Owen, M. W. Poole STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire K. J. Peach JAI, Oxford J. K. Pozimski Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
	The CONFORM project, recently funded as part of the UK 'Basic Technology' initiative, will build a 20 MeV Non-Scaling FFAG (EMMA) at Daresbury. The experience gained will be used for the design of a proton machine (PAMELA) for medical research, and other applications for Non-Scaling FFAGs in different regimes will be explored. The successful development of this type of accelerator will provide many opportunities for increased exploitation, especially for hadron therapy for treatment of tumours, and the project provides a framework where machine builders will work with potential user communities to maximise the synergies and help this to happen successfully.

THPMN079	Simulation of ILC Feedback BPM Signals in an Intense Background Environment	background, feedback, simulation, alignment	2889
	A. F. Hartin R. Arnold, S. Molloy, S. Smith, M. Woods SLAC, Menlo Park, California P. Burrows, G. B. Christian, C. I. Clarke, B. Constance, H. D. Khah, C. Perry, C. Swinson, G. R. White JAI, Oxford A. Kalinin STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	Funding: This work is supported in part by the Commission of the European Communities under the 6th Framework Programme "Structuring the European Research Area", contract number RIDS-011899. Experiment T-488 at SLAC, End Station A recorded distorted BPM voltage signals and an accurate simulation of these signals was performed. Geant simulations provided the energy and momentum spectrum of the incident spray and secondary emissions, and a method via image charges was used to convert particle momenta and number density into BPM stripline currents. Good agreement was achieved between simulated and measured signals. Further simulation of experiment T-488 with incident beam on axis and impinging on a thin radiator predicted minimal impact due to secondary emission. By extension to worst case conditions expected at the ILC, simulations showed that background hits on BPM striplines would have a negligible impact on the accuracy of beam position measurements and hence the operation of the FONT feedback system

THPMN082	Beam Injection Into EMMA Non-scaling FFAG	injection, kicker, septum, acceleration	2898
	T. Yokoi S. Machida STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	FFAG accelerators have been getting attention as promising candidates for the muon accelerators of a neutrino factory due to their large transverse acceptance and the capability of fast particle acceleration. Non-scaling FFAGs, which are a variation of FFAGs, are nowadays being intensively studied for their simple structure and operational flexibility. To demonstrate the technical feasibility of non-scaling FFAGs and to investigate their beam dynamics, a project to construct a small electron non-scaling FFAG (EMMA) has been proposed in the UK. In EMMA the injection and extraction energies must be arbitrarily changed for a beam with emittance of 3 mm to study the beam dynamics in detail for the entire range of operating energy. In addition, in the planned machine the betatron tunes vary more than a factor of two during acceleration. The requirement of variable injection or extraction energy requires careful optimisation of the of injection elements and operational conditions. The details and design status of the scheme will be described in this paper.

THPMN088	C-Band High Power RF Generation and Extraction Using a Dielectric Loaded Waveguide	acceleration, linac, insertion, vacuum	2912
	F. Gao M. E. Conde, W. Gai, R. Konecny, W. Liu, J. G. Power, Z. M. Yusof ANL, Argonne, Illinois C.-J. Jing Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio T. Wong Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
	Funding: Department of Energy We report on the fabrication, simulation, and high-power testing of a C-band RF power extractor recently conducted at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility. Dielectric loaded accelerating (DLA) structures can be used for high-power RF generation [,] when a high-current electron beam passes through a DLA structure and loses energy into the modes of the structure due to self-wakefields. The AWA generates high charge (up to 100nC), short bunch length (1.5mm~2.5mm) electron beams, which is ideal for high-power RF generation. The generated RF power can be subsequently extracted with a properly designed extraction coupler in order to accelerate a second beam, or for other high power purposes. In this paper, the detailed design of a 7.8 GHz DLA power extractor, MAFIA simulations, and results of the high-power test are presented. Simulation predictions of an 79 MW, 2.2 ns long RF pulse (generated by a single 100 nC electron bunch) and a longer RF pulse of the same power (obtained from a 35 nC periodic bunch train) will be compared to experimental results. W. Gai, et al, Experimental Demonstration of Two Beam Acceleration Using Dielectric Step-up Transformer, PAC01, pp.1880-1882.** D. Yu, et al, 21GHz Ceramic RF Power Extractor, AAC02, pp.484-505.

THPMN103	New Nonscaling FFAG for Medical Applications	focusing, acceleration, quadrupole, synchrotron	2951
	C. Johnstone S. R. Koscielniak TRIUMF, Vancouver
	Funding: Work supported by by the Fermilab Research Association, Inc., under contract DE-AC02-76CH00300 with the U. S. Department of Energy. Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) machines have been the subject of recent international activity due to their potential for medical applications and accelerator-based technologies. In particular, nonscaling FFAGs (where the optics are not constant and therefore do not scale with momentum) stand to offer the high current advantage of the cyclotron combined with the smaller radial aperture of the synchrotron plus variable extraction energy. Here, a hybrid design for a nonscaling FFAG accelerator has been invented which uses both edge and alternating-gradient focusing principles applied to a combined-function magnet applied in a specific configuration to stabilize tunes through an acceleration cycle which extends over a factor of 2-6 in momentum. Using normal conducting magnets, the final, extracted energy from this machine attains 400 MeV/nucleon and a normalized emittance of ~10 - 20π, and thus supports a carbon ion beam in the energy range of interest for cancer therapy.

THPMN115	Injection and Extraction Lines for the ILC Damping Rings	quadrupole, damping, kicker, injection	2984
	I. Reichel
	Funding: This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The current design for the injection and extraction lines into and out of the ILC Damping Rings is presented as well as the design for the abort line. Due to changes of the geometric boundary conditions by other subsystems of the ILC a modular approach has been used to be able to respond to recurring layout changes while reusing previously designed parts. Available beam dynamics studies for those lines are discussed.

THPMS069	The New ORNL Multicharged Ion Research Facility Floating Beamline	controls, ion, vacuum, ion-source	3139
	F. W. Meyer M. R. Fogle, J. W. Hale ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	Funding: Sponsored by the OBES and the OFES of the U. S. DOE under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. MRF was appointed through the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program administered jointly by ORISE and ORNL. We report on the development and implementation of a new beam line floatable at up to -15 kV and injected by a 10 GHz CAPRICE ECR ion source at the ORNL Multicharged Ion Research Facility MIRF as part of a major facility upgrade project [1]. With the floating beamline operating at negative high voltage, and the ECR source at ground potential, intense dc beam deceleration into grounded experimental chambers to energies as low as a few eV/q is made possible. The primary application of these ion beams is to study fundamental collisional interactions [2] of multicharged ions with electrons, atoms, and surfaces. Design details of the floating beam line, including source extraction, deceleration optics and voltage isolation will be presented at the conference. The novel features of a LABVIEW-based supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system developed for the floating beam line will be described as well. [1]F. W. Meyer et al. "The ORNL MIRF Upgrade project," NIMB B242,71(2006).[2]F. W. Meyer,"ECR-Based Atomic Collisions Research at ORNL MIRF," in Trapping Highly Charged Ions: Fundamentals & Applications, Nova Sci. Pub., New York, 2000, pp. 117-164.

THPMS091	The Superconducting Magnets of the ILC Beam Delivery System	octupole, superconducting-magnet, dipole, background	3196
	B. Parker M. Anerella, J. Escallier, P. He, A. K. Jain, A. Marone BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York Y. Nosochkov, A. Seryi SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. A wide variety of superconducting magnets are needed in the ILC Beam Delivery System (BDS) to maximize luminosity and minimize experimental backgrounds. Compact final focus quadrupoles and multifunction correction coils are used with 14 mr total crossing angle to focus incoming beams to few nanometer spot sizes while focusing outgoing disrupted beams into a separate extraction beam line. Large aperture anti-solenoids correct deleterious nonlinear effects that arise due to the overlap of focusing fields with the main detector solenoid. Far from the interaction point (IP) sets of strong small aperture octupoles help minimize backgrounds at the IP due to beam halo particles while weak large aperture dipoles integrated with the experimental detector reduce backgrounds due to beamstrahlung pairs generated at the IP. The physics requirements and magnetic design solutions for these magnets are reviewed in this paper.

THPMS093	Muon Acceleration with the Racetrack FFAG	acceleration, injection, lattice, betatron	3202
	D. Trbojevic
	Funding: Supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Muon acceleration for muon collider or neutrino factory is still in the stage where further improvements are likely as a result of further study. This report presents a design of the racetrack non-scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (NS-FFAG) accelerator to allow fast muon acceleration in small number of turns. The racetrack design is made of four arcs: two arcs at opposite sides have a smaller radius and are made of closely packed combined function magnets, while two additional arcs with a very large radius are used for muon extraction, injection, and RF accelerating cavities. The ends of the large radii arcs are geometrically matched at the connections to the arcs with smaller radii. The dispersion and both horizontal and vertical amplitude functions are matched at the central energy.

THPAN008	TRIUMF Extraction and 500 MeV Beamline Optics	scattering, optics, cyclotron, emittance	3238
	Y.-N. Rao A. Baartman TRIUMF, Vancouver
	The beamline 2A, one of TRIUMF cyclotron primary extraction beamlines, is 60m in length. It is now routinely operating up to 70uA (proton beam) at 500MeV for ISAC. ISAC requires a diffuse spot of specific size on the radioactive beam production target at the end of 2A. To help achieve this, we developed a program aimed at obtaining a better understanding and more accurate description of 2A optics and the extracted beam from the cyclotron. The beam envelopes along 2A were measured with profile monitors and compared with theoretical predictions. During the course of this work, we discovered that the transfer matrix, involved in the optics calclations, between the stripping foil and the beamline entrance was incorrect. After correcting this error, we obtained good agreement between the measured and calculated envelopes. We report on the details of this work as well as on a measurement of the beam characteristics as a function of stripper foil thickness.

THPAN013	Computer-assisted Electron Beam Characterization at AIRIX Facility	diagnostics, electron, cathode, beam-transport	3250
	O. Mouton M. Caron, F. Cartier, D. Collignon, G. Grandpierre, D. Guilhem, L. Hourdin, M. Mouillet, C. Noel, D. Paradis, O. Pierret CEA, Pontfaverger-Moronvilliers
	AIRIX is a high current accelerator designed for flash X-ray radiography. The electron beam produced into a vacuum diode (2 kA, 3.5 to 3.8 MV, 60 ns) is extracted from a velvet cold cathode. For a complete beam characterisation at the diode output the following set of data is required: the primary beam current intensity, the primary beam energy, the 2D mean beam divergence, the 2D RMS beam size as well as the 2D transverse beam emittance. Part of these parameters is experimentally given by electrical sensors located into the beam line (I), by time resolved energy spread measurements (E) as well as by a classical beam imaging set-up (XRMS, YRMS). Unfortunately, XRMS and YRMS are measured downstream the diode output. Therefore, in order to get the relevant beam parameters at the right location (diode output) numerical data treatments are required. The TRAJENV beam transport code, coupled with the MINUIT minimization library, computes the unknown beam parameters at the diode output. In this paper, we propose to describe both experimental and theoretical approaches leading to the full beam characterization at the diode output.

THPAN019	Utilizing a Wien Filter within the Beam Dynamics Simulation Tool V-Code	simulation, multipole, dipole, electron	3265
	W. Ackermann J. Enders, C. Heßler, Y. Poltoratska TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt W. F.O. Muller, B. Steiner, T. Weiland TEMF, Darmstadt
	Funding: This work was partially funded by EUROFEL (RIDS-011935), DESY Hamburg, and DFG (SFB 634). Beam dynamics simulations for computationally large problems are challenging tasks. On the one hand, to accurately simulate the electromagnetic field distribution within the whole device and the surrounding environment it is essential to consider all necessary device components including even small geometry details, complicated material distributions and the field excitations. On the other hand, further computational effort has to be put into precise modeling of the injected particle beam for detailed beam dynamics simulations. Under linear conditions, it is possible to separate the field calculation of the device from the computation of the particles self-field which can result in the proper application of diverse numerical schemes for the individual field contributions. In the paper it is demonstrated how the static electric and magnetic fields of a Wien filter beam line element can be treated as applied external fields within the beam dynamics simulation tool V-Code under the assumption that the interaction of the particle beam with the surrounding materials can be neglected.

THPAN065	Beam Loss Map Simulations and Measurements in the CERN PS	beam-losses, simulation, septum, collimation	3372
	J. Barranco O. E. Berrig, S. S. Gilardoni, J. B. Jeanneret, Y. Papaphilippou CERN, Geneva G. Robert-Demolaize BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	Numerical tools providing detailed beam loss maps, recently developed for the design of the LHC collimation system, were adapted to the CERN Proton Synchrotron in order to reproduce the observed beam loss patterns. Using a MADX optics sequence model, these tools are able to track a large number of particles with Sixtrack and interact with a realistic aperture model to simulate particle losses all around the ring. The modeled loss maps were finally compared with beam loss measurements at several energies and for a variety of beams accelerated in the synchrotron.

THPAN083	A Beam-Slice Algorithm for Transport Simulations of the DARHT-2 Accelerator	simulation, emittance, beam-transport, target	3411
	C. H. Thoma T. P. Hughes Voss Scientific, Albuquerque, New Mexico
	A beam-slice algorithm has been implemented into the Lsp particle-in-cell (PIC) code to allow for efficient simulation of beam electron transport through a long accelerator. The slice algorithm pushes beam particles along a virtual axial dimension and performs a field solve on a transverse grid which moves with the particle slice. Any external electric and magnetic fields are also applied to the slice at each time step. For an axisymmetric beam problem the slice algorithm is very fast compared to full 2-D r-z PIC simulations. The algorithm also calculates beam emittance growth due to mismatch oscillations, in contrast to standard envelope codes which assume constant emittance. Using the slice algorithm we are able to simulate beam transport in the DARHT-2 accelerator at LANL from the region just downstream of the diode to the end of the accelerator, a distance of about 50 meters. Results from the slice simulation are compared to both 2-D PIC simulations and the beam envelope code Lamda. The sensitivity of the final emittance to imperfect tuning of the transport solenoids is calculated.

THPAN116	Lattice Measurement for Fermilab Main Injector	lattice, quadrupole, injection, focusing	3498
	M.-J. Yang
	The installation of seven large aperture quadrupoles during the shut-down of 2006 necessitates new measurements to ascertain the state of machine lattice, both at injection and at extraction. These new quadrupoles replaced existing quadrupoles at each of the seven injection/extraction locations around the Fermilab Main Injector. Though extensive magnet measurement had been made the effect of trim coils used to compensate differences in magnet characteristics has to be verified. The result of lattice analysis and others will be discussed.

THPAS038	Compensation of the Beam Dynamics Effects Caused by the Extraction Lambertson Septum of the HIGS Booster	septum, booster, injection, coupling	3582
	J. Li S. Huang, S. F. Mikhailov, V. Popov, Y. K. Wu FEL/Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
	Funding: Supported by US DoE grant #DE-FG02-01ER41175 As part of the High Intensity Gamma-Ray Source (HIGS) upgrade, the booster synchrotron has been recently commissioned. The booster ramps the electron beam between 0.27 and 1.2 GeV for top-off injection into the Duke storage ring. It has symmetrical injection/extraction schemes with a bumped orbit. The injection/extraction kickers and corresponding septa are located in the opposite straight sections of the booster ring separated by about 1/4 of the vertical betatron wave. Due to the nonideal properties of the magnetic material, the magnetic field leaks out into the stored beam chamber, which directly results in orbit distortion, tune and chromaticity shifts and change of coupling. These effects caused by the extraction septum have been measured as a function of extraction energy. Based upon the measurements, we have developed a scheme to compensate the dynamics effects mentioned above.

THPAS040	The Cyclotron Gas Stopper Project at the NSCL	ion, cyclotron, simulation, space-charge	3588
	G. K. Pang G. Bollen, S. Chouhan, C. Guenaut, D. Lawton, F. Marti, D. J. Morrissey, J. Ottarson, S. Schwarz, A. Zeller NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan M. Wada RIKEN, Saitama
	Funding: Work supported by DOE Grant # DE-FG02-06ER41413 Gas stopping is the method of choice to convert high-energy beams of rare isotopes produced by projectile fragmentation into low-energy beams. Fast ions are slowed down in solid degraders and stopped in a buffer gas in a stopping cell, presently linear. They have been successfully used for first precision experiments with rare isotopes,* but they have beam-rate limitations due to space charge effects. Their extraction time is about 100 ms inducing decay losses for short-lived isotopes. At the NSCL a new gas stopper concept*** is under development, which avoids these limitations and fulfills the needs of next-generation rare isotope beam facilities. It uses a gas-filled cyclotron magnet. The large volume, and a separation of the regions where the ions stop and where the maximum ionization is observed are the key to a higher beam-rate capability. The longer stopping path due to the magnetic field allows a lower pressure to be used, which decreases the extraction times. The concepts of the cyclotron gas stopper will be discussed and the results from detailed simulation and design work towards the realization of such a device at the NSCL will be summarized. * G. Bollen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 152501 R. Ringle Phys. Rev. C Submitted* G. Bollen et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A550 (2005) 27

FRXAB03	Design, Construction and Commissioning of the SuSI ECR	plasma, ion, sextupole, ion-source	3766
	P. A. Zavodszky B. Arend, D. Cole, J. DeKamp, G. Machicoane, F. Marti, P. S. Miller, J. Moskalik, W. Nurnberger, J. Ottarson, J. Vincent, X. Wu, A. Zeller NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan
	Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant PHY-0110253. An ECR ion source was constructed at the NSCL/MSU to replace the existing SC-ECRIS. This ECRIS operates at 18+14.5 GHz microwave frequencies and it is planned an upgrade to 24-28 GHz in the second phase of commissioning. A superconducting hexapole coil produces the radial magnetic field; the axial trapping is produced with six superconducting solenoids enclosed in an iron yoke to allow tuning the distance between the plasma electrode and resonant zone in the plasma. The plasma chamber of the ion source can be biased at +30 kV, the beam line at -30 kV. The voltage of the beam line vacuum pipe must be kept constant from the ECRIS to the point of full separation of the beam charge states near the image plane of the analyzing magnet. At this point, an insulator is used to increase the voltage up to zero value. The kinetic energy of the beam is decreased to 30 kV per unit charge after this point, as required for the injection in the Coupled Cyclotron Facility. To decrease the beam divergence, a focusing solenoid is installed after the vacuum pipe break. We report the details of the design, construction and initial commissioning results of this new ECIS.
	Slides

FROAAB02	Advanced RF-Driven H^- Ion Sources at the SNS	plasma, ion, ion-source, emittance	3774
	R. F. Welton J. R. Carmichael, J. Carr, D. W. Crisp, R. H. Goulding, Y. W. Kang, N. P. Luciano, S. Murray, M. P. Stockli ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	The power upgrade of the US Spallation Neutron Source* (SNS) will require substantially higher average H^- beam current from the ion source than can be produced using the baseline source. H^- currents of 70-100 mA with an RMS emittance of 0.20-0.35 mm mrad, respectively, and a ~7% duty-factor will have to be injected into the accelerator. We are, therefore, investigating several advanced ion source concepts based on RF-excited plasmas. We have designed and tested three inductively coupled ion sources featuring external antennas. First, a simple prototype source was developed based on a ceramic plasma chamber and no magnetic plasma confinement. Next, a source featuring an internal Faraday shield with integrated magnetic multicusp plasma confinement was investigated as well as an ion source based on an AlN plasma chamber and external multicusp confinement field. H^- generation in each source is quantified and compared. Also, experiments investigating the possibility of using helicon-wave coupling were performed and are reported. Finally, an advanced elemental Cs collar and feed system was developed and tested with each source. ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725

FRYAB01	A Multi-beamlet Injector for Heavy Ion Fusion: Experiments and Modeling	emittance, ion, simulation, plasma	3777
	G. A. Westenskow F. M. Bieniosek, J. W. Kwan LBNL, Berkeley, California D. P. Grote LLNL, Livermore, California
	Funding: This work has been performed under the auspices of the US DOE by UC-LBNL under contract DE-AC03-76SF00098 and by UC-LLNL under contract W-7405-ENG-48. To provide a compact high-brightness heavy-ion beam source for Heavy Ion Fusion, we have performed experiments to study a proposed merging beamlet approach for the injector. We used an RF plasma source to produce the initial beamlets. An extraction current density of 100 mA/cm² was achieved, and the thermal temperature of the ions was below 1 eV. An array of converging beamlets was used to produce a beam with the envelope radius, convergence, and ellipticity matched to an electrostatic quadrupole channel. Experimental results were in good quantitative agreement with simulation and have demonstrated the feasibility of this concept. The size of a driver-scale injector system using this approach will be several times smaller than one designed using traditional single large-aperture beams. The success of this experiment has possible significant economical and technical impacts on the architecture of HIF drivers.
	Slides

FROAC01	The Spallation Neutron Source Accumulator Ring RF System	controls, proton, injection, beam-loading	3795
	T. W. Hardek M. S. Champion, M. T. Crofford, H. Ma, M. F. Piller ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee K. Smith, A. Zaltsman BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	Funding: SNS is managed by UT-Batelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U. S. Department of Energy. The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accumulator ring is a fixed-frequency proton storage ring located at the output of the SNS Linear Accelerator (Linac). Its purpose is to convert 1 millisecond H^- beam pulses from the SNS Linac into high-intensity 695 nanosecond pulses of protons for delivery to the neutron target. The RF bunching system controls longitudinal beam distribution during the accumulation process and maintains a 250+ nanosecond gap required for beam extraction. The RF system consists of three stations which operate at a beam revolution frequency of 1.05 MHz while a fourth station provides a second harmonic component at 2.1 MHz. The beam pulse at extraction consists of 1.6·10¹⁴ protons representing a peak beam current of 52 amperes. The system utilizes four 600kW tetrodes to provide the RF current necessary to produce the 40kV peak-bunching voltage and to control phase and amplitude at this high beam current. In this paper we review the design concepts incorporated into this heavily beam-loaded RF system and discuss its commissioning status.
	Slides

FROAC03	The Commissioning of the LHC Technical Systems	cryogenics, dipole, insertion, simulation	3801
	R. I. Saban R. Alemany-Fernandez, V. Baggiolini, A. Ballarino, E. Barbero-Soto, B. Bellesia, F. Bordry, D. Bozzini, M. P. Casas Lino, V. Chareyre, S. D. Claudet, G.-J. Coelingh, K. Dahlerup-Petersen, R. Denz, M. Gruwe, V. Kain, G. Kirby, M. Koratzinos, R. J. Lauckner, S. L.N. Le Naour, K. H. Mess, F. Millet, V. Montabonnet, D. Nisbet, B. Perea-Solano, M. Pojer, R. Principe, S. Redaelli, A. Rijllart, F. Rodriguez-Mateos, R. Schmidt, L. Serio, A. P. Siemko, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, H. Thiesen, W. Venturini Delsolaro, A. Vergara-Fernandez, A. P. Verweij, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva SF. Feher, R. H. Flora, R. Rabehl Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	The LHC is an accelerator with unprecedented complexity; in addition, the energy stored in magnets and the beams exceeds other accelerators by one to two orders of magnitude. To avoid a plague of technical problems and ensure a safe machine start-up, the hardware commissioning phase was emphasized: the thorough commissioning of technical systems (vacuum, cryogenics, quench protection, power converters, electrical circuits, AC distribution, ventilation, demineralised water, injection system, beam dumping system, beam instrumentation, etc) is carried-out without beam. Activity started in June 2005 with the commissioning of individual systems, followed by operating a full sector of the machine as a whole. LHC architecture allows the commissioning of each of the eight sectors independently from the others, before the installation of other sectors is complete. Important effort went into the definition of the programme and the organization of the coordination in the field, as well as in the tools to record and analyze test results. This paper presents the experience with this approach, results from the commissioning of the first LHC sectors and gives an outlook for future activities.
	Slides

FRPMN054	The Design Study of IP-BPM for the ILC	dipole, coupling, simulation, controls	4120
	S. H. Shin Y. Honda, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki E.-S. Kim, H.-S. Kim Kyungpook National University, Daegu
	Beam position monitors (BPMs) with a resolution in a few nanometers range are required to control beams in the locations that are close to the interaction point (IP) of the International Linear Collider (ILC). ATF2 at KEK has considered as a test facilitiy to investigate this requirement. We have performed the design study for IP-BPM by using of the electromagnetic simulation program MAFIA and HFSS. The designed IP-BPM consists of one cell sensor cavity and one cell reference cavity. The results of the design studies showed signal decay time of 20 ns and orbit sensitivity of a few nm. The signal voltage from sensor cavity showed increasing of a factor of 3 and 2 in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, than the IP-BPM that was installed ATF extraction beam line. We present the results of design studies in which include effects of common mode contamination in the IP-BPM.

FRPMN073	The FPGA-based Continuous FFT Tune Measurement System for the LHC and its Test at the CERN SPS	target, controls, betatron, pick-up	4204
	A. Boccardi M. Gasior, O. R. Jones, K. K. Kasinski, R. J. Steinhagen CERN, Geneva
	A base band tune (BBQ) measurement system has been developed at CERN. This system is based on a high-sensitivity direct-diode detection technique followed by a high resolution FFT algorithm implemented in an FPGA. The system allows acquisition of continuous real-time spectra with 32-bit resolution, while a digital frequency synthesiser (DFS) can provide an acquisition synchronised chirp excitation. All the implemented algorithms support dynamic reconfiguration of processing and excitation parameters. Results from both laboratory measurements and tests performed with beam at the CERN SPS are presented.

FRPMN076	Nominal LHC Beam Instability Observations in the CERN Proton Synchrotron	electron, feedback, betatron, proton	4222
	R. R. Steerenberg G. Arduini, E. Benedetto, A. Blas, W. Hofle, E. Metral, M. Morvillo, C. Rossi, G. Rumolo CERN, Geneva
	The nominal LHC beam has been produced successfully in the CERN Proton Synchrotron since 2003. However, after having restarted the CERN PS in spring 2006, the LHC beam was set-up and observed to be unstable on the 26 GeV/c extraction flat top. An intensive measurement campaign was made to understand the instability and to trace its source. This paper presents the observations, possible explanations and the necessary measures to be taken in order to avoid this instability in the future.

FRPMS017	Magnetic Error Analysis of Recycler Pbar Injection Transfer Line	quadrupole, injection, proton, coupling	3934
	M.-J. Yang
	Detailed study of Fermilab Recycler Ring pbar injection transfer line became feasible with recent completion of BPM system upgrades, which includes its up-stream machine, the Main Injector. Data was taken both with proton during dedicated study and with pbar during regular beam transfer, in the opposite direction. The two Lambertson magnets on either end of transfer line have been identified as having substantial amount of error field. Using harmonic orbit decomposition the error fields were mapped and results are presented.

FRPMS049	Resolution of a High Performance Cavity Beam Position Monitor System	coupling, alignment, laser, emittance	4090
	S. Walston S. T. Boogert Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey C. C. Chung, P. Fitsos, J. Gronberg LLNL, Livermore, California J. C. Frisch, S. Hinton, J. May, D. J. McCormick, S. Smith, T. J. Smith, G. R. White SLAC, Menlo Park, California H. Hayano, Y. Honda, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki Yu. G. Kolomensky, T. Orimoto UCB, Berkeley, California P. Loscutoff LBNL, Berkeley, California A. Lyapin, S. Malton, D. J. Miller UCL, London R. Meller Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York M. C. Ross Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois M. Slater, M. Thomson, D. R. Ward University of Cambridge, Cambridge V. Vogel DESY, Hamburg
	International Linear Collider (ILC) interaction region beam sizes and component position stability requirements will be as small as a few nanometers. It is important to the ILC design effort to demonstrate that these tolerances can be achieved – ideally using beam-based stability measurements. It has been estimated that RF cavity beam position monitors (BPMs) could provide position measurement resolutions of less than one nanometer and could form the basis of the desired beam-based stability measurement. We have developed a high resolution RF cavity BPM system. A triplet of these BPMs has been installed in the extraction line of the KEK Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) for testing with its ultra-low emittance beam. A metrology system for the three BPMs was recently installed. This system employed optical encoders to measure each BPM's position and orientation relative to a zero-coefficient of thermal expansion carbon fiber frame and has demonstrated that the three BPMs behave as a rigid-body to less than 5 nm. To date, we have demonstrated a BPM resolution of less than 20 nm over a dynamic range of ± 20 microns.

FRPMS104	Impedance of Electron Beam Vacuum Chambers for the NSLS-II Storage Ring	impedance, vacuum, dipole, storage-ring	4333
	A. Blednykh S. Krinsky BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	In this paper we discuss computation of the coupling impedance of the vacuum chambers for the NSLS-II storage ring using the electromagnetic simulator GdfidL. The impedance of the vacuum chambers depends on the geometric dimensions of the cross-section and height of the slot in the chamber wall. Of particular concern is the complex geometry of the infrared extraction chambers to be installed in special large-gap dipole magnets. In this case, wakefields are generated due to tapered transitions and large vertical-aperture ports with mirrors near the electron beam.