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MO203 Non-Interfering Beam Diagnostic Developments electron, diagnostics, ion, linac 13
 
  • A. Peters, P. Forck
    GSI, Darmstadt
  New high power proton and heavy ion linac projects are a big challenge for beam diagnostic developments. Due to the high inherent beam power mostly all destructive measurement techniques are not applicable. Thus a lot of beam diagnostic developments are under way from enhancements of well-known systems like beam position pick-ups or current transformers to new designs for profile or bunch length measurements using e.g. the interaction of the high power beams with the residual gas in the linacs. The latest progress in this field will be reviewed with descriptions of some remarkable solutions.  
Transparencies
 
MO302 Development of Room Temperature and Superconducting CH-Structures linac, impedance, ion, acceleration 28
 
  • H. Podlech
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  H-mode cavities (IH-DTL, IH-RFQ, 4-Vane-RFQ) have been developed and operated successfully during the last decades for a large variety of applications in ion acceleration. At the IAP Frankfurt a new type of H-mode cavity, the CH-structure is under development. This multi cell drift tube cavity is operated in the H21 mode. Due to its mechanical stability, room temperature as well as superconducting cavities can be realized. The CH-structure is an excellent candidate for high power ion accelerators in the energy range from 5 to 100 MeV. The design status of the GSI 70 MeV, 70 mA proton injector DTL consisting of room temperature CH-structures is reported. Superconducting CH-structures can be used especially for cw operated linacs as designed for XADS, IFMIF or in nuclear physics projects. By using the KONUS beam dynamics and performing the particle simulations with the LORASR code it is possible to realize multi cell cavities without internal focusing lenses. A superconducting 352 MHz CH-structure (β=0.1) with 19 gaps has been built. We present the results of the first tests with this new cavity. The status of a PC version of the LORASR code will be reported.  
Transparencies
 
MOP03 Proposal for Reduction of Transverse Emittance of BNL 200 MeV Linac emittance, linac, injection, rfq 36
 
  • J. Alessi, J. Beebe Wang, D. Raparia, W.-T. Weng
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  BNL plans to upgrade the AGS proton beam from the current 0.14 MW to higher than 1.0 MW and beyond for such a neutrino facility which consists of two major subsystems. First is a 1.2 GeV super-conducting linac (SCL) to replace the booster as injector for the AGS. Second is the performance upgrade for the AGS itself for the higher intensity and repetition rate. For high intensity proton accelerators, such as the upgraded AGS, there are very stringent limitations on uncontrolled beam losses. A direct effect of linac beam emittance is the halo/tail generation in the circulating beam. Studies show the estimated halo/tail generation in the beam for present normalized RMS emittance of linac beam is unacceptable. To reduce the transverse emittance of 200 MeV linac, the existing radio frequency quadrupole linac (RFQ) has to be relocated closer to drift tube linac (DTL) tank 1 to meet emittance requirement for the AGS injection with low loss. This paper will present the various options of matching between RFQ and DTL, and chopping options in the low energy beam transport (LEBT).  
 
MOP06 A Dedicated 70 MeV Proton Linac for the Antiproton Physics Program of the Future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at Darmstadt linac, rfq, ion, antiproton 42
 
  • L. Groening, W. Barth, L. Dahl, R. Hollinger, P. Spädtke, W. Vinzenz, S. Yaramishev
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • B. Hofmann, Z. Li, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp, R. Tiede
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  The antiproton physics program of the future International Accelerator Facility at Darmstadt is based on a rate of 7·1010 cooled antiprotons per hour. To provide the primary proton intensities a proton linac is planned, which will be operated independently from the existing UNILAC for heavy ions. The proposed linac comprises a proton source, a RFQ, and a DTL. Its operation frequency of 352 MHz allows for an efficient acceleration to up to 70 MeV using normal conducting Crossed-bar H-cavities. These CH-cavities show high shunt impedances as known from IH-structures, but allow for much higher relative particle velocities of up to 40%. The beam pulses with a length of 25 μs, a current of 70 mA, and total transverse emittances of 7 μm will allow to fill the existing synchrotron SIS within one multi-turn-injection up to its space charge limit of 7·1012 protons. The maximum SIS ramping rate limits the applied proton linac repetition rate to 5 Hz. This paper gives an overview of the proposed proton linac. The status of the design including beam dynamic studies will be reported.  
Transparencies
 
MOP12 KONUS Beam Dynamics Design of a 70 mA, 70 MeV Proton CH-DTL for GSI-SIS12 linac, rfq, acceleration, quadrupole 60
 
  • R. Tiede, G. Clemente, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  • W. Barth, L. Groening
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • Z. Li
    IMP, Lanzhou
  • S. Minaev
    ITEP, Moscow
  The future scientific program at GSI needs a dedicated proton injector into the synchrotron SIS, in order to increase the proton intensity of the existing UNILAC/SIS12 combination by a factor of 70, resulting in 7· 1012 protons in the synchrotron. A compact and efficient 352 MHz RFQ - CH-DTL combination based on novel structure developments for RFQ and DTL was worked out. For DTLs operated in an H-mode like CH-cavities (H210-mode), the shunt impedance is optimized by use of the KONUS beam dynamics. Beam dynamics simulation results of the CH-DTL section, covering the energy range from 3 to 70 MeV, with emphasis on the low energy front end are presented. Optimization aims are the reduction of emittance growth, of beam losses and of capital costs, by making use of the high acceleration gradients and shunt impedance values provided by the Crossbar H-Type (CH) structure. In addition, the beam dynamics design of the overall DTL layout has to be matched to the power limits of the available 352 MHz power klystrons. The aim is to power each cavity by one klystron with a peak rf power of around 1 MW.  
 
MOP14 Development of Intense Beam Proton Linac in China rfq, linac, dipole, vacuum 63
 
  • S. Fu, S.X. Fang, H. Ouyang, S. Zhao
    IHEP Beijing, Beijing
  • B. Cui, X. Guan
    CIAE, Beijing
  • J. Fang, Z.Y. Guo
    PKU/IHIP, Beijing
  Study on intense beam proton linac was started about four years ago in a national program for the basic research on ADS in China. This ADS program is meant for the future development of the clean nuclear power generation. Another important application of HPPA for Chinese Spallation Neutron Source was also proposed recently in China, and it is financially supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences. In this paper, the research progress on intense beam proton linac in these two application fields will be outlined. It involves the test result of an high-current ECR proton source, construction status of a 3.5 MeV RFQ accelerator and the design of a DTL linac.  
 
MOP17 Design of the SPES-1 LEBT electron, rfq, simulation, ion 72
 
  • E. Fagotti
    INFN Milano, Milano
  • M. Comunian, A. Pisent
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  The low-energy-beam transport (LEBT) system for the SPES-1 accelerator transports the beam at 80 keV and 30 mA from the ion-source TRIPS to the TRASCO RFQ entrance. A second mode of operation corresponding to 10 mA current is also foreseen. The code PARMELA performed these simulations of the beam transport through the LEBT. This code is used to transport H+ and H2+ in the electrostatic fields of the ion-source extraction, in the magnetic fields of both the source and the solenoid lenses and under space charge and neutralization influence.  
 
MOP20 Design of the R.T. CH-Cavity and Perspectives for a New GSI Proton Linac impedance, simulation, linac, resonance 81
 
  • Z. Li
    IMP, Lanzhou
  • W. Barth, K. Dermati, L. Groening
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • G. Clemente, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, R. Tiede
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  The CH-Structure has been studied at the IAP Frankfurt and at GSI for several years. Compared with the IH structure (H110-mode), the CH structure (H210-mode) can work at higher frequency (700 MHz) and can accelerate ions to higher energy (up to 150 AMeV). Detailed Microwave Studio (MWS) simulations were performed for this structure. Since a multi-gap cavity can be approximated as a quasi-periodic structure, it is possible to analyze one βλ/2-cell at an energy corresponding to the cavity center. Additionally, a reduced copper conductivity of 85% was assumed. Geometry variations with respect to rf frequency and shunt impedance can be performed rapidly by that method in the first stage of optimization. Effective shunt impedances from 100 MΩ/m down to 25 MΩ/m were obtained for the energy range from 5 AMeV to 150 AMeV by this method. The rf frequency was 350 MHz up to 70 MeV and 700 MHz above. A systematic analysis of the influence of the cell number in long CH cavities on the effective shunt impedance is presented. The possibility to apply this structure to a 70 mA, 70 MeV, 352 MHz proton linac for GSI is discussed.  
 
TU103 Development of the UNILAC Towards a Megawatt Beam Injector ion, heavy-ion, linac, rfq 246
 
  • W. Barth, L. Dahl, J. Glatz, L. Groening, S. Richter, S. Yaramishev
    GSI, Darmstadt
  For the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at Darmstadt the present GSI-accelerator complex, consisting of the linear accelerator UNILAC and the heavy ion synchrotron SIS18, is foreseen to serve as an U28+ injector for up to 1012 particles/sec. After a new High Current Injector was installed, many different ion species were accelerated in the UNILAC for physics experiments. In 2001 a high energy physics experiment used up to 2·109 uranium ions per spill (U73+), while a MEVVA ion source was in routine operation for the first time. In the past two years different hardware measures and a careful fine tuning in all sections of the UNILAC resulted in an increase of the beam intensity to 9.5·1010 U27+ ions per 100 μs or 1.5·1010 U73+ ions per 100 μs. The contribution reports results of beam measurements during the high current operation with uranium beams (pulse beam power up to 0.5 MW). One of the major tasks was to optimize the beam matching to the Alvarez-DTL. In addition further upgrades, including improved beam diagnostics, are described, which allow to fill the SIS18 up to the space charge limit of 2.7·1011 U28+ ions per cycle.  
Transparencies
 
TU301 High Power CW Superconducting Linacs for EURISOL and XADS linac, cyclotron, target, ion 275
 
  • J.-L. Biarrotte
    IPN, Orsay
  A multi-MW superconducting proton linac is proposed as the baseline solution for the EURISOL and the XADS driver accelerators. In the EURISOL project, which studies the design of the next-generation European ISOL facility, it is used to produce both neutron-deficient and neutron-rich exotic nuclei far from the valley of stability. In the PDS-XADS project, which aims to the demonstration of the feasibility of an ADS system for nuclear waste transmutation, it is used to produce the neutron flux required by the associated sub-critical reactor. In this paper, we report the main results and conclusions reached within these preliminary design studies. A special emphasis is given on the on-going and future R&D to be done to accomplish the demonstration of the full technology.  
Transparencies
 
TUP03 Design of the LINAC4, A New Injector for the CERN Booster linac, rfq, injection, quadrupole 291
 
  • M. Vretenar, R. Garoby, K. Hanke, A.M. Lombardi, C. Rossi
    CERN, Geneva
  • F. Gerigk
    CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  A new H- linac (LINAC4) is presently under study at CERN. This accelerator, based on normal conducting structures at 352 and 704 MHz, will provide a 40 mA 160MeV H- beam to the CERN booster, thus overcoming the present space-charge bottleneck at injection with a 50 MeV proton beam. LINAC4 is conceived as the first stage of a future 2.2 GeV superconducting linac (SPL) and it is therefore designed for a higher duty cycle than required for injection in the booster. This paper discusses the design choices, presents the layout of the facility and illustrates the advantages for the LHC and other CERN users. An R&D and construction strategy mainly relying upon international collaborations is also presented.  
 
TUP04 The SPL Front End: A 3 MeV H- Test Stand at CERN linac, rfq, quadrupole, simulation 294
 
  • R. Garoby, L. Bruno, F. Caspers, J. Genest, K. Hanke, M. Hori, D. Kuchler, A.M. Lombardi, M. Magistris, A. Millich, M. Paoluzzi, C. Rossi, E.Zh. Sargsyan, M. Silari, T. Steiner, M. Vretenar
    CERN, Geneva
  • P.-Y. Beauvais
    CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  In the frame of the SPL (Superconducting Proton Linac) study at CERN, a new 160 MeV proton injector for the CERN PS Booster is presently under development. This linear accelerator (Linac4) would not only be a first step towards a future, multi-MW superconducting linac, but would also improve in the medium term both the beam availability and beam quality for CERN’s proton users. Within the framework of the Linac 4 study and with the support of the EU funded Joint Research Activity HIPPI*, a 3 MeV test stand is under construction at CERN. This test stand will explore some of the most critical issues of the linac, such as the beam dynamics at low energy, with special emphasis on the Chopper line that has been designed to generate the required time structure of the beam, to clean the beam halo, and to match it to the subsequent RF structures. In this context, a new Beam Shape and Halo Monitor is under construction. The beam acceleration will be performed by an RFQ that is being developed in France within the IPHI collaboration between CEA and CNRS. Moreover, the test stand will be equipped with an additional 1 MW RF klystron to test different RF structures that are being designed at 352 MHz as preliminary studies for the Linac4.

*High Intensity Pulsed Proton Injectors

 
Transparencies
 
TUP10 Design of a Deuteron RFQ for Neutron Generation rfq, ion, ion-source, target 312
 
  • Z.Y. Guo, J. Chen, J. Fang, Y.R. Lu, S.X. Peng, Z.Z. Song, J.X. Yu, C. Zhang, K. Zhu
    PKU/IHIP, Beijing
  • A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  A deuteron RFQ is designed for neutron generation with 9Be(d,n)10B reaction. Considering the limitation of available RF transmitter, the frequency was chosen as 201.5 MHz and the peak RF power was set to 400 kW with 10% duty factor. The deuteron beam will be extracted from an ECR ion source also with 10% duty factor and then be accelerated to about 2 MeV by RFQ with high transmission efficiency. The system will be described and the design results of particle dynamics and structure will be given.  
 
TUP15 Space Charge Compensation in Low Energy Proton Beams electron, emittance, space-charge, ion 324
 
  • A.B. Ismail, U.D. Uriot
    CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  • R. Duperrier
    CEA/DAPNIA-SACM, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
  • N. Pichoff
    CEA/DAM, Bruyères-le-Châtel
  High power accelerators are being studied for several projects including accelerator driven neutron or neutrino sources. The low energy part of these facilities has to be carefully optimized to match the beam requirements of the higher energy parts. In this low energy part, the space charge self force, induced by a high intensity beam, has to be carefully managed. This nonlinear force can generate a high irreversible emittance growth of the beam. To reduce space charge effects, neutralization of the beam charge can be done by capturing some particles of the ionised residual gas in the vacuum chamber. This space charge compensation (SCC) regime complicates the dynamic study. Modelling the beam behaviour in such regime would be a significant contribution to the development of high intensity accelerators. Numerical and experimental study of SCC is in progress on the Saclay High Intensity Proton Injector. Experimental measurements and 2D/3D simulations of proton beam SCC will be presented.  
 
TUP19 Characterization of Beam Parameter and Halo for a High Intensity RFQ Output under Different Current Regimes rfq, emittance, simulation, space-charge 333
 
  • E. Fagotti
    INFN Milano, Milano
  • M. Comunian, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  The characterization of the beam distribution at the exit of a high intensity RFQ is a crucial point in view of a correct simulation of beam behavior in the following linac structure. At this scope we need to know the beam halo quantification as a function of the input beam and RFQ parameters. In this paper, the description of Beam halo based upon moments of the particle distribution at the exit of the TRASCO-RFQ is given.  
 
TUP20 Some Relevant Aspects in the Design and Construction of a 30-62 MeV Linac Booster for Proton Therapy linac, coupling, cyclotron, booster 336
 
  • V.G. Vaccaro, S. Falco
    Naples University Federico II, Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences Faculty, Napoli
  • A. D'Elia
    Naples University Federico II, Napoli
  • D. Davino
    Universita' degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento
  • M.R. Masullo
    INFN-Napoli, Napoli
  Recent results in accelerator physics showed the feasibility of a coupling scheme between a cyclotron and a linac for proton acceleration. Cyclotrons with energies up to 30 MeV, mainly devoted to radioisotopes production, are available in a large number of medical centres. This suggested to design a linac booster able to increase the proton energy up to 62 MeV as required for treating tumours like the ocular ones. In this paper we will review the rationale of the project; we will discuss the basic design of a compact 3 GHz SCL (Side Coupled Linac) with a new approach to the linac cavities. Among the many challenges of such a project one of the most interesting is the tuning of the cavities. Because the tuning can be done only after assembling the system, it is difficult to detect which cavities are responsible for the detuning: indeed the resonant behavior of single cavity is lost since the resonances merge into the resonant modes of the whole system. It is shown how, from the measured mode frequencies of the system, it is possible to derive the unknown resonances of each cavity and then refine the tuning. The proposed procedure is quite general and is not restricted to the SCL.  
 
TUP29 Proton Beam Dynamics of the SARAF Linac simulation, linac, emittance, beam-losses 354
 
  • A. Shor, D. Berkovits, G. Feinberg, S. Halfon
    SOREQ, Yavne
  • K. Dunkel
    ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
  We have performed proton beam dynamics simulation for the SARAF, 40 MeV and 4 mA, linac. The calculation is using the GPT code and includes effects of space charge. It demonstrates that for an initial 6D Waterbag distribution beam, a tune can be obtained with longitudinal rms emittance growth of about 10 % and transverse normalized rms emittance growth of 20%, and a transverse beam envelope of 5000 macro-particle well within the linac beam pipe. Beam loss is estimated by fitting a radial Gaussian to the particle distribution along the linac. A 1 nA beam envelope is obtained by extrapolating the tail of the radial-Gaussian function. The 1nA beam envelope is still well within the beam bore radius. Benchmark simulation with a 6D Gaussian initial distribution, with the same rms quantities, exhibits a more extended tail that may result in a higher beam loss. This point will receive a further study.  
Transparencies
 
TUP70 Systematic Calibration of Beam Position Monitor in the High Intensity Proton Accelerator (J-PARC) LINAC quadrupole, pick-up, linac, simulation 429
 
  • S. Sato, K. Hasegawa, F. Hiroki, J. Kishiro, Y. Kondo, M. Tanaka, T. Tomisawa, A. Ueno, H. Yoshikawa
    JAERI, Ibaraki-ken
  • Z. Igarashi, M. Ikegami, N. Kamikubota, S. Lee, K. Nigorikawa, T. Toyama
    KEK, Ibaraki
  In J-PARC, a MW class of proton accelerator is under construction. Improperly- tuned beam would critically result in unacceptable (>0.1%) energy loss. Systematic strategy of fine calibrations of the beam position monitor (BPM) detectors, is therefore required. First, Off-beam-line calibrations of BPMs are taken, with a dedicatedly- designed bench, which has a beam-simulating electric wire carrying 324 MHz. And then discrepancies are calibrated for each BPM between reconstructed electrical center of pick-up plates and measured mechanical center, before the installation of BPM on the beam line. Secondly, after BPMs are installed on the beam line, real beam is used for systematic calibrations (Beam Based Calibration (BBC)). The discrepancies are calibrated between electromagnetic center of Q-magnets and reconstructed beam position. In KEK we have the first stage of J-Parc LINAC with Ion source, RFQ, DTL, Q- and steering-magnets, and lots of BPMs. Implementation of BBC is going with SAD-language, which can also be used for beam steering and beam trajectory simulations, e.g. TRACE-3D. In this presentation, such strategic BPM calibration system will be intensively described.  
 
TUP86 Coupler Development and Gap Field Analysis for the 352 MHz Superconducting CH-Cavity quadrupole, coupling, linac, simulation 477
 
  • H. Liebermann, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A.C. Sauer
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  The cross-bar H-type (CH) cavity is a multi-gap drift tube structure based on the H-210 mode currently under development at IAP Frankfurt and in collaboration with GSI. Numerical simulations and rf model measurements showed that the CH-type cavity is an excellent candidate to realize s.c. multi-cell structures ranging from the RFQ exit energy up to the injection energy into elliptical multi-cell cavities. The reasonable frequency range is from about 150 MHz up to 800 MHz. A 19-cell, β=0.1, 352 MHz, bulk niobium prototype cavity is under development at the ACCEL-Company, Bergisch-Gladbach. This paper will present detailed MicroWave Studio simulations and measurements for the coupler development of the 352 MHz superconducting CH cavity. It will describe possibilities for coupling into the superconducting CH-Cavity. The development of the coupler is supported by measurement on a room temperature CH-copper model. We will present the first results of the measurements of different couplers, e.g. capacitive and inductive couplers, at different places of the CH Cavity.  
 
TUP87 Technologies of The Peripheral Equipments of The J-PARC DTL1 for the Beam Test power-supply, site, linac, quadrupole 480
 
  • K. Yoshino, Y. Fukui, E. Kadokura, T. Kato, C. Kubota, F. Naito, E. Takasaki, H. Tanaka
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • T. Itou
    JAERI/LINAC, Ibaraki-ken
  First beam test of the DTL1 was performed in November of 2003 at KEK site. A 30 mA H- beam was successfully accelerated from 3 to 19.7 MeV. In order to prepare the beam test, various peripheral equipments were developed: the electrode plates for connecting the hollow-conductor coil and the power cable were developed since quadrupole electromagnets are built in all DTs (77 sets) of the DTL1, the water-cooled multiconductor copper tube (Control Copper Tube) were used as the power cable from the electrode plate to power supply, and the interlock system assembled by PLCs (Programmable Logic Controller) was also prepared for the surveillance of many cooling channel.  
 
TUP90 Improvements of RF Characteristics in the SDTL of the J-PARC Proton LINAC simulation, insertion, linac, focusing 489
 
  • S. Wang
    IHEP Beijing, Beijing
  • T. Kato
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • V.V. Paramonov
    RAS/INR, Moscow
  A separated drift tube linac (SDTL)* was selected as an accelerator structure of Japan Proton Accelerator Complex (J-PARC), which follows DTL. The SDTL of J-PARC consists of 32 short tanks, ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 m in length. A design of frequency tuners of the SDTL was performed by taking account of 3-D field distribution calculated with MAFIA. The effects of stems on the resonant frequency and field distribution were also analyzed. An easy and effective compensation method for perturbation by stems of both end cells was proposed and applied to the SDTL tanks.

* T. Kato. Proposal of a Separated-type Proton Drift Tube Linac for a Medium-Energy Structure. KEK Report 92-10, (1992)

 
 
WE202 Recent Results in the Field of High Intensity CW Linac Development for RIB Production linac, target, rfq, ion 538
 
  • A. Pisent
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  High Intensity CW Linacs have been proposed as driver accelerators for RIB production in various projects, since thy can drive in steady conditions a MW power range target for the production of spallation neutrons that induce fission in a natural uranium target. Particularly important for this application, with a relatively low beam current, is the necessity to develop a superconducting intermediate energy part with good power conversion efficiency. The second specific requirement of RIB facility drivers, that is also fulfilled by a superconducting intermediate energy linac, is the necessity to keep some flexibility in the species that can be accelerated (deuterons or light ions). In EURISOL RTD project a 1 GeV 5 mA proton linac, has been proposed for this application. In SPES project, recently approved for its initial phase at LNL, a lower energy proton beam will be used on a solid target. The results of the specific R&D programs on in the field of CW RFQ and superconducting low energy linacs will be illustrated. In particular for LNL the status of the RFQ construction and the superconducting cavities prototype tests will be given.  
Transparencies
 
TH101 Status of the J-PARC Linac, Initial Results and Upgrade Plan linac, rfq, emittance, ion 554
 
  • Y. Yamazaki
    JAERI/LINAC, Ibaraki-ken
  The J-PARC linac building will be completed by March, 2005, when the installation of the linac components will start. On the other hand, the front end linac, comprising the 3 MeV RFQ linac, the MEBT with the beam chopper, and the 20 MeV DTL first tank, is under beam commissioning in the KEK site. A peak current of 30 mA, which is enough for the 0.6 MW operation of Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), was accelerated up to 20 MeV on the second day of the beam commissioning, last November. The detailed study of the system is under way, including the stability test of many components. The front end linac will be shipped to the JAERI Tokai site after the building completion there. The beam commissioning of the 181 MeV linac will start in September 2006, that of the 3 GeV RCS in May, 2007, and that of the 50 GeV Main Synchrotron (MR) in November 2007. The beam acceleration in the MR will be done by March, 2008. It is strongly recommended by the government committee that the upgrade to the 400 MeV linac should start immediately after the completion of the above accelerator system, that is, in April 2008, with the period of three years, aiming the 1 MeV RCS beam power.  
Transparencies
 
TH102 Overview of High Intensity Linac Programs in Europe linac, rfq, ion, target 559
 
  • M. Vretenar, R. Garoby
    CERN, Geneva
  Recent years have seen a boost in the European Union (EU) engagement for accelerator research in Europe. Laboratories and institutions from member states are invited to combine their efforts and to define common goals and strategies, in order to receive a financial support up to 50% of the total project cost. In the field of High Intensity Linacs, the EU had already supported the EURISOL initiative for nuclear physics, which this year is applying for funding of a Design Study, and the development of linacs for Waste Transmutation. More recently, an initiative for high-energy physics has been approved, which includes a programme for the development of pulsed linac technologies. Together with the ongoing national projects, these European initiatives represent a strong focussed effort towards the development of linac technologies, intended to overcome difficulties coming from decreasing national budgets. This paper presents a summary of the requests coming from the European physics communities and an overview of linac R&D activities sponsored by the EU, together with some information on parallel national projects. The parameter choices as well as the main technical features of the different projects are presented and compared.  
Transparencies
 
TH104 Industrial RF Linac Experiences and Laboratory Interactions linac, vacuum, site, electron 569
 
  • M. Peiniger
    ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
  Since more than two decades ACCEL Instruments GmbH at Bergisch Gladbach (formerly Siemens/Interatom) is supplying the worldwide accelerator labs with key components like rf cavities and power couplers, s.c. magnets, insertion devices, vacuum chambers and x-ray beamline equipment. Starting with the design and production of turn key SRF accelerating modules in the late 80th, meanwhile ACCEL is engineering, manufacturing, on site commissioning and servicing complete accelerators with guaranteed beam performance. Today, with a staff of more than 100 physicists and engineers and about the same number of manufacturing specialists in our dedicated production facilities, ACCEL's know how and sales volume in this field has accumulated to more than 2000 man years and several hundred Mio €, respectively. Basis of our steady development is a cooperative partnership with the world leading research labs in the respective fields. As an example, for the supply of a turn key 100 MeV injector linac for the Swiss Light Source, and meanwhile also for the Diamond Light Source as well as for the Australian Synchrotron Project, we established a very fruitful partnership with DESY.  
Transparencies
 
TH203 High Power Targets target, secondary-beams 583
 
  • H. Kirk
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The accelerator physics community is responding to developing theoretical arguments for the search of new physics beyond the Standard Model by conceiving and proposing new high-intensity proton machines in the multi-megawatt class. These new machines will allow for the production of a variety of useful secondary beams but only if the proper target configurations are first developed and then implemented. In this paper, important target issues will be discussed and world-wide approaches and prospects for new targets will be reviewed.  
Transparencies
 
TH301 Intermediate-Velocity Superconducting Accelerating Structures linac, ion, impedance, acceleration 589
 
  • J. R. Delayen
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  In the last decade, one of the most active areas in the application of the superconducting (SC) rf technology has been for the acceleration of ions to medium energies (~1 GeV/amu). One such accelerator is under construction in the US while others are being proposed in the US, Japan, and Europe. These new facilities require SC accelerating structures operating in a velocity region that has until recently been unexplored, and new types of structures optimized for the velocity range from ~0.2 to ~0.8 c have been developed. We will review the properties of these intermediate-velocity structures, the status of their development, as well as present an overview of the medium-energy superconducting ion accelerator designs being developed world-wide.  
Transparencies
 
THP06 Cold Tests of a Superconducting Co-Axial Half-Wave Cavity for RIA linac, vacuum, superconductivity, resonance 608
 
  • M. Kelly
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois
  • J.D. Fuerst, M. Kedzie, K.W. Shepard
    ANL/Phys, Argonne, Illinois
  This paper reports cold tests of a superconducting niobium half-wave cavity with integral helium vessel, the design of which is suitable for production for the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) driver linac. The cavity operates at 172 MHz and can provide more than 2 MV of accelerating voltage per cavity for ions with 0.24<β<0.37. Cavity RF surfaces were prepared using electropolishing, high-pressure rinsing and clean assembly. Measurements of Q0 show a residual RF surface resistance RS = 5 nΩs in both 2 K and 4 K operations. The cavity can be operated at 4.5 K with EAcc >10 MV/m (EPeak >30 MV/m). Performance exceeds RIA specifications of an input power of 12 Watts at 4.5 K and EAcc = 6.9 MV/m. RMS frequency jitter is only 1.6 Hz at EAcc = 8 MV/m and T = 4.5 K as determined from microphonics measurements in a realistic accelerator environment connected to the ATLAS refrigerator.  
Transparencies
 
THP07 Performance Improvement of the Multicell Cavity Prototype for Proton LINAC Projects linac, shielding, electron, target 611
 
  • B. Visentin, D. Braud, J.P. Charrier, B. Coadou, Y. Gasser, J.P. Poupeau, P. Sahuquet
    CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  • S. Bousson, H. Gassot, H. Saugnac, P. Szott
    IPN, Orsay
  • G. Devanz
    CEA/DAPNIA-SACM, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
  The CEA-Saclay/IPN-Orsay collaboration allowed to develop a multicell superconducting cavity prototype (704 MHz, β=0.65). Since the first experimental results[*], achieved in a vertical cryostat and the horizontal one "CryHoLab", the accelerating field Eacc has been recently improved up to 19 MV/m (Epeak = 43 MV/m, Bpeak = 83 mT, Q0 = 9.109). Eacc is now limited by quench. The previous one limitation, due to a non understood phenomenon, disappeared . The excellent performances of this 5-cell proton cavity validate the design, the technological choices, the manufacturing and the cavity preparation process. These results augur well for our future R&D program on multicell superconducting cavities within the European CARE/HIPPI framework.

[*] Proceedings of PAC2003, Portland, USA, TAB047, p.1303

 
 
THP11 Design of A 352 MHz-Proton-RFQ for GSI rfq, emittance, antiproton, linac 620
 
  • A. Schempp, L. Brendel, B. Hofmann
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  Part of the future project of GSI is a new p-linac for the production of Antiprotons. The 4- Rod-RFQ operating at 350 MHz has to accelerate up to 100 mA protons from an ECR source. Design studies have been made using the Parmteq- and Microwave Studio codes to optimize beam dynamics properties and the field distribution of the RFQ. Results of the design studies will be presented.  
 
THP17 Progress in the Development of the TOP Linac linac, quadrupole, booster, impedance 633
 
  • L. Picardi, C. Ronsivalle
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
  • S. Frullani
    ISS, Rome
  The TOP Linac (Oncological Therapy with Protons), under development by ENEA and ISS is a sequence of three pulsed (5 msec, 300 Hz) linear accelerators: a 7 MeV, 425 MHz RFQ+DTL (AccSys Model PL-7), a 7–65 MeV, 2998 MHz Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac (SCDTL) and a 65–200 MeV, variable energy 2998 MHz Side Coupled Linac (SCL). The first SCDTL module is composed by 11 DTL tanks coupled by 10 side cavities. The tanks has modified to overcome vacuum leakage that occurred during brazing, and now the module has been completed, and is ready to be tested with protons. The 7 MeV injector has been recently installed in the ENEA Frascati laboratories for preliminary test, before being transferred to the main Oncologycal Hospital in Rome, Istituto Regina Elena.  
Transparencies
 
THP18 The Acceleration Test of the APF-IH-LINAC linac, acceleration, ion, focusing 636
 
  • K. Yamamoto, M. Okamura
    RIKEN, Saitama
  • T. Hattori
    TIT, Tokyo
  • S. Yamada
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  We manufactured an IH linac with Alternating Phase Focusing as a test machine for medical accelerator injection. It will accelerate C4+ ions from 40 keV/u up to 2 MeV/u. The tank length is around 1.5 m, operation frequency is 100 MHz. We have succeeded to accelerate protons with a simple acceleration system, consisting of a PIG ion source, bending magnets and focus lenses, less than 5m long. This IH linac was calculated using a simple thin lens approximation. Now we are making a beam-tracking program using the results of the electro-magnetic simulation soft (Micro-Wave-Studio, OPERA-3D); it has the merit of easily calculating the 3D-beam dynamics including non-linear effects. We will report the test, the beam simulations and comparisons of the test to the simulations.  
 
THP56 Control of the Low Level RF System for J-Parc Linac klystron, linac, feedback, vacuum 739
 
  • S. Michizono, S. Anami, E. Kadokura, S. Yamaguchi
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • E. Chishiro, T. Kobayashi, .H. Suzuki
    JAERI, Ibaraki-ken
  A low level RF (LLRF) system for J-Parc linac generates RF and clock signals, drives a klystron, and stabilizes accelerating fields in the cavities. The LLRF system is controlled by two units: a programmable logic controller (PLC) and a compact PCI (cPCI) controller. Functions of the PLC are ON/OFF and UP/DOWN controls, and STATUS and ANALOG monitors. The PLC is locally operated by a touch panel, and remotely operated by an EPICS IOC with Ethernet communication. The cPCI controller is for RF feedback and feed-forward controls, including a cavity tuner control, and then, locally and remotely operated by communication with the PLC. On the other hand, RF waveform data, which are stored in the memory of DSP and CPU boards in the cPCI, are directory transmitted to an EPICS OPI by a request from EPICS.  
 
THP57 Digital Feedback System for J-Parc Linac RF Source feedback, linac, simulation, klystron 742
 
  • S. Michizono, S. Anami, S. Yamaguchi
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • T. Kobayashi
    J-PARC, Ibaraki-ken
  At the proton linac of J-Parc (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex), an accelerating electric field stability of ±1% in amplitude and ±1° in phase is required for the RF system. In order to accomplish these requirements, a digital feedback system is adopted for flexibility of the feedback (FB) and feed forward (FF) algorism implementation. FPGAs are used for the real-time FB system. A DSP board is also utilized for data processing and communication between FPGAs and a crate control CPU (Host). The system was examined with the DTL cavity and it satisfies the stability specification. In this report, the digital rf system is described and operational stability is also summarized.  
 
THP69 The Tuning Study of the Coupled Cavities for the RF Chopper System of J-PARC simulation, coupling, linac, insertion 770
 
  • S. Wang, S. Fu
    IHEP Beijing, Beijing
  • T. Kato
    KEK, Ibaraki
  A 3 MeV medium-energy beam transport line (MEBT) is located between RFQ and DTL in the linac of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). MEBT accomplishes beam matching and chopping. An rf deflector (RFD), which is a heavily loaded cavity, was adopted as a chopper in J-PARC linac for chopping 500 μs long macropulses from the ion source into sub-pulses for injecting into the following 3 GeV rapid-cycling ring. A coupled RFD system was proposed in the design of chopper system for saving the cost of rf power source. The tuning of the coupled RFD system was successfully performed. The longer rise time of the second RFD and the delay of the second RFD excitation were found during the tuning of the coupled RFD system, and these phenomena were further analyzed and investigated. Both in the high power and beam tests, the chopper worked well without any discharge under 36 kW peak driving power.  
 
THP74 Laser Produced Ions as an Injection Beam for Cancer Therapy Facility laser, ion, target, plasma 782
 
  • A. Noda, M. Hashida, Y. Iwashita, S. Nakamura, S. Sakabe, S. Shimizu, T. Shirai, H. Tongu
    Kyoto ICR, Kyoto
  • H. Daido
    JAERI APRC, Ibaraki-ken
  • A. Fukumi, Z. Li, K. Matsukado
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • T. Hosokai, H. Iijima, K. Kinoshita, M. Uesaka, T. Watanabe, K. Yoshii
    UTNL, Ibaraki
  • T. Takeuchi
    DOP Nagoya, Nagoya
  Ion production from a solid target by a high-power short pulse laser has been investigated to replace the injector linac of the synchrotron dedicated for cancer therapy. As the high power laser, the laser with the peak power of 100 TW and minimum pulse duration of 20 fs which has been developed at JAERI Kansai Research Establishment, is assumed. Laser produced ions with 100% energy spread is energy selected within ±5% and then phase rotated with use of the RF electric field synchronized to the pulse laser, which further reduces the energy spread to ±1%. The scheme of the phase rotation is presented together with the experimental results of laser production from the thin foil target.  
 
THP88 Longitudinal Bunch Shape Monitor Using the Beam Chopper of the J-PARC linac, rfq, emittance, beam-transport 806
 
  • F. Naito
    KEK, Ibaraki
  We propose the longitudinal bunch shape monitor for the low energy part of the linac of the J-PARC. The monitor uses the beam chopper cavity installled in the MEBT line between thr RFQ and the DTL of the J-PARC as a kind of the bunch rotator. Consequentry the longitudinal bunch shape is measured along the horizontal direction. If we can measure the energy distribution of the bunch also, the longitudinal emittance of the beam is derived. In the paper, the basic idea of the monitor is discussed in detail.  
 
THP90 The Technique for the Numerical Tolerances Estimations in the Construction of Compensated Accelerating Structures coupling, booster, linac, survey 812
 
  • V.V. Paramonov, A.K. Skasyrskaya
    RAS/INR, Moscow
  The requirements to the cells manufacturing precision and tining in the multi-cells accelerating structures construction came from the required accelerating field uniformity, based on the beam dynamics demands. The standard deviation of the field distribution depends on accelerating and coupling modes frequencies deviations, stop-band width and coupling coefficient deviations. These deviations can be determined from 3D fields distribution for accelerating and coupling modes and the cells surface displacements. With modern software it can be done separately for every specified part of the cell surface. Finally, the cell surface displacements are defined from the cell dimensions deviations. This technique allows both to define qualitatively the critical regions and to optimize quantitatively the tolerances definition.  
 
FR103 Status of the SNS Linac: An Overview linac, target, laser, rfq 837
 
  • N. Holtkamp
    ORNL, Oak Ridge
  The Spallation Neutron Source SNS is a second generation pulsed neutron source and under construction at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The SNS is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy?s Office of Basic energy Sciences and is dedicated to the study of the structure and dynamics of materials by neutron scattering. A collaboration composed of six national laboratories (ANL, BNL, TJNAF, LANL, LBNL, ORNL) is responsible for the design and construction of the various subsystems. With the official start in October 1998, the operation of the facility will begin in 2006 and deliver a 1.0 GeV, 1.4 MW proton beam with a pulse length of approximately 700 nanoseconds on a liquid mercury target. The multi-lab collaboration allowed access to a large variety of expertise in order to enhance the delivered beam power by almost an order of magnitude compared to existing neutron facilities. The SNS linac consists of a combination of room temperature and superconducting structures and will be the first pulsed high power sc linac in the world. The challenges and the achievements will be described in the paper.

SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. SNS is a partnership of six national laboratories: Argonne, Brookhaven, Jefferson, Lawrence Berkeley, Los Alamos and Oak Ridge.

 
Transparencies