IMP, Lanzhou
Advancement of nuclear physics and high power heavy ion accelerator is always a driving force for persistent development of highly charged ECR ion source. Increasing demands for more intense and higher charge state heavy ion beams have dramatically promoted development of ECR ion source technology and physics. This talk provides an overview of intense highly charged superconducting ECR ion sources built by the world-wide laboratories in the last years. The key technologies, challenges and main issues related to construction and operation of high performance superconducting ECR ion source are reviewed. The latest results of intense highly charged ion beam production from the superconducting ECR ion sources are presented. Future development and the next generation highly charged ECR ion source are discussed.
HIT, Heidelberg
Since November, 15th 2009 patients are treated with protons and carbon ions at the Heidelberg Ionbeam Therapy Centre (HIT). The facility - two ion sources, an injector linac and a compact synchrotron - is operated in 24/7-mode with high availability. The HIT beam time schedule is discussed along the statistics automatically generated by the control system. Besides the patient treatment in the first horizontal room beam time is also used to develop enhanced treatment software in the second horizontal room as well as for commissioning the gantry place. Additionally, biophysics studies are served at a separate experimental place. In parallel, an upgrade program for the accelerator is under way: at first a test bench for a third ion source, later on dedicated to He beams, will be used to study several ideas to increase the injector performance. Furthermore operation mechanisms are under progress to control directly the synchrotron dipole and quadrupole fields as well as to regulate the spill structure - the aim of both developments is to form a uniform and extremely stable extracted beam with high duty cycle. An overview on this entire accelerator R&D at HIT will be given.
Hitachi, Ltd., Energy and Environmental System Laboratory, Hitachi-shi
A compact and high-proton-yield 2.45 GHz microwave ion source has been developed and tested on an AccSys Model PL-7 linac. The source that has an overall diameter of 115 mm uses permanent magnets and iron yokes. Microwave power was fed to a plasma chamber with a double ridged waveguide via a coaxial cable. A pulsed hydrogen ion beam of 45 mA was extracted from a single 5 mm diameter extraction aperture with a proton fraction of >90 % at 30 keV and a hydrogen gas flow rate of 1 sccm. A 7-MeV proton current out of the linac with the source reached up to 16 mApeak, which exceeds its design value of 15 mApeak. Excellent stability of no more than 1.5 % in both the ion source extraction current and the linac output current was also demonstrated in an 8-hour operation test.
Kyoto University, Photonics and Electronics Science and Engineering Center, Kyoto
In order to establish a shallow implantation of polyatomic carbons, a polyatomic ion source for organic liquids with a high-vapor pressure was developed. Vapor of n-octane was ionized by an electron bombardment, and the ion current of 230 μA was obtained at an extraction voltage of 2 kV. The mass spectra indicated that C3H7 ion was the highest in the ion concentration and some fragmentations of octane molecule took place, which might be caused by the electron bombardment. Depth profile of carbon into single crystalline silicon irradiated with C3H7 or C6H13 at different acceleration voltage was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. As a result, the implanted depth increased with increase of the acceleration voltage. In addition, the C6H13 was implanted deeper than the C3H7 at the same incident energy per atom even though shallow implantation due to binary collision effect had been expected. The depth profile are also discussed in comparison with computer simulation results.
The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
RAPID (Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopic Analyzer with Particle Induced X-ray Emission and Ion Implantation Devices), the University of Tokyo has been dedicated to various scientific and engineering studies in a wide range of fields by the ion beam analysis availability, including RBS, NRA, PIXE and ion implantation. The system consists of a 1.7MV tandem accelerator (Model 4117-HC,provided by HVEE corp., Netherland), two negative ion sources (a Cs sputter solid ion source and duoplasmatron gas ion source) and three beam lines. RAPID was installed in 1994 at Research Center for Nuclear Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo at first and since then it has been used for various research fields using ion beams. As the Center was reorganized to be a department of School of Engineering in 2005, the educational utilization came to be an important mission of RAPID. Besides several application studies with PIXE analysis, environmental analysis (pond sediments and atmospheric SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter) is performed as a student experiment. Recently, a low level ion irradiation system was also developed and applied for the study of CR-39 track detector with proton beam.
UTTAC, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
KEK, Ibaraki
University of Tokyo, Research Center for Nuclear Science and Technology, Tokyo
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is a highly sensitive mass spectrometric method for measuring rare isotopes. The technique is mainly applied in chronology, earth and environmental sciences to date samples using long-lived radioisotopes. With a multi-nuclide AMS system on the 12 MV Pelletron tandem accelerator at the University of Tsukuba (Tsukuba AMS system), we are able to measure environmental levels of long-lived radioisotopes of C-14, Al-26, Cl-36, Ca-41 and I-129 by employing a molecular pilot beam method. The high terminal voltage of 12 MV is an advantage for AMS to detect heavy radioisotopes. The principle of AMS and applications with the Tsukuba AMS system will be reported in this paper.
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
A compact neutron source using Li(p,n) or Be(p,n) reaction is proposed. The proton linac consists of ECR ion source, LEBT(Low Energy Beam Transport), RFQ linac and post accelerator. We assume that energy of the proton beam is 3MeV and its peak current is 40 mA operated at the repetition rate is 25Hz with the pulse width of 1ms. The beam from the ion source should be matched to the RFQ, where solenoid coils can handle the large current beam in this LEBT section. To reduce energy consumption in LEBT we're trying to design the Hybrid Electromagnet that consists of solenoid coils and permanent magnets. We use PANDIRA, TRACE-2D, and PBGUNS computer codes in order to simulate the magnetic field and the beam transport through LEBT. In this paper the design of this magnet and the result of its beam matching based on simulation will be presented.
KEK, Ibaraki
Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata
Sokendai, Ibaraki
Nippon Advanced Technology Co. Ltd., Ibaraki-prefecture
KEK digital accelerator (DA) capable of accelerating all species of ion* is an induction synchrotron employing no large scale injectors. At the beginning of its operation, Ar ions from the ECR ion source (ECRIS) embedded in the 200 kV high voltage terminal (HVT) are directly injected into KEK-DA though the low energy BT line (LEBT). The permanent magnet ECRIS was assembled at KEK. Its characteristics such as a charge-state spectrum, emittance, and intensity are presented. The 200 kV HVT has been also assembled at KEK. Its voltage stability in the pulse mode operation, where a plasma of 1 msec is created by x-band microwaves at 10 Hz, is discussed. The LEBT consists of the Eintzel lens, momentum analyzer, B magnets with edge focusing, electrostatic chopper**, and a combination of Q magnets. In the upper LEBT from the ion extraction hall to the entrance of the analyzer, possible charge-state ions are contaminated in the space-charge limit and beam focusing is realized through the Eintzel lens and tandem acceleration gaps. In the lower LEBT from the analyzer to the KEK-DA injection point, the lattice has been optimized so as to meet optics matching at the injection point.
*K. Takayama, J. of Appl. Phys. 101 063304(2007), "KEK digital accelerator for material and biological sciences" in this conference
**T.Adachi, "Injection and extraction system" in this conference
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
KEK, Ibaraki
The J-PARC RFQ (length 3.1m, 4-vane type, 324 MHz) accelerates a beam from the ion source to the DTL. The beam test of the linac was started in November 2006 and 181 MeV beam was successfully accelerated in January 2007. Since then, the linac has been delivered beams for commissioning of the linac itself, downstream accelerators and facilities. Trip rates of the RFQ, however, unexpectedly increased in Autumn 2008, and we have been suffering from this issue for user run operation since then. We tried to recover by tender conditioning, modification of RF control, improvement of vacuum properties and so on. By taking these measures, we manage to have 2 to 3 days continuous beam operation. In this report, we describe the status of the RFQ.
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
Fundación TEKNIKER, Eibar (Gipuzkoa)
University of Warwick, Coventry
Bilbao, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao
ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio
University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
ESS Bilbao, Bilbao
Fermilab, Batavia
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
The Front End Test Stand (FETS) under construction at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory is the UK's contribution to research into the next generation of High Power Proton Accelerators (HPPAs). HPPAs are an essential part of any future Spallation Neutron Source, Neutrino Factory, Muon Collider, Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System, Waste Transmuter etc. FETS will demonstrate a high quality, high intensity, chopped H-minus beam and is a collaboration between RAL, Imperial College and the Universtity of Warwick in the UK and the Universidad del Pais Vasco in Spain. This paper describes the current status and future plans of FETS.
University of Warwick, Coventry
Fundación Tekniker, Elbr (Guipuzkoa)
Bilbao, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao
Fundación TEKNIKER, Eibar (Gipuzkoa)
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
Elytt Energy, Madrid
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory is intended to demonstrate the early stages of acceleration (0-3 MeV) and beam chopping required for high power proton accelerators, including proton drivers for pulsed neutron spallation sources and neutrino factories. A Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), consisting of three solenoids and four drift sections, is used to transport the H- beam from the ion source to the FETS Radio Frequency Quadrupole. We present the status of the installation and commissioning of the LEBT, and compare particle dynamics simulations with preliminary measurements of the H- beam transport through the LEBT.
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
The Spallation Neutron Source accelerator complex consists of a 2.5 MeV H- front-end injector system, a 186 MeV normal-conducting linear accelerator, a 1 GeV superconducting linear accelerator, an accumulator ring, and associated beam transport lines. Since initial operation began in 2006, the beam power has been steadily increasing toward the design goal of 1.4 MW. In September 2009 the power surpassed 1 MW for the first time, and operation at the 1 MW level is now routine. The status of the beam power ramp-up program and present operational limitations will be described.
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
We aim to develop a small and high intensity proton source for a compact accelerator based neutron source. Because this proton source shall be located close to RFQ for simplification, ratio of H+ to molecular ions such as H2+ or H3+ must be large. Therefore, we selected an ECR ion source with permanent magnets as small and high intensity ion source. ECR ion sources can provide high H+ ratio because of their high plasma temperature. Using permanent magnets makes the ion source small and running cost low. Because there is no hot cathode, longer MTBF is expected. Usually, gas is fed into ion sources continuously, even if ion sources run in pulse operation mode. But, continuous gas flow doesn't make vacuum in good level. So, we decided to install pulse gas valve directly to the plasma chamber. Feeding the gas only when the ion source is in operation reduces the gas load to the evacuation system and the vacuum level can be kept high. Up to now, we developed the first and second model of the ion source. And the research is being conducted using the second model. Recent experimental results will be presented.
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
BINP SB RAS, Protvino, Moscow Region
JINR/LHE, Moscow
The 'Nuclotron-M' project started in 2007 is considered as the key point of the first stage of the NICA/MPD project. General goal of the 'Nuclotron-M' project is to prepare all the systems of the Nuclotron for its long and reliable operation as a part of the NICA collider injection chain. Additionally the project realization will increase the Nuclotron ability for realization of its current experimental program. Results of the last runs of the Nuclotron operation are presented.
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
An electrostatic tandem accelerator with 1.25 MV at the high voltage terminal was designed, assembled and successfully commissioned at BINP. The accelerator of ELV-type will be used as injector for cancer therapy facility by carbon ions beams. The 10 keV beam of negative carbon ions with current up to 100 mkA is injected into the tandem and charge exchange in the vacuum heat insulation magnesium vapor target. The results of commissioning tests and beam parameters measurements are presented.
KACST, Riyadh
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire
At the National Centre for Mathematics and Physics (NCMP), at the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Saudi Arabia, a versatile low energy ion injector has been developed in collaboration with the QUASAR group. This project will allow for a broad experimental program with most different kinds of ions both in single pass setups, but also with ions stored in a fixed-energy electrostatic storage ring. In this contribution, the design of the injector is presented. It was designed for beams with energies of up to 30 kV/q and will allow for switching between different ion sources from e.g. duoplasmatron to electrospray ion sources and to thus provide the users with a wide range of different beams. The mechanical construction of the injector is summarized and the status of its assembly at KACST presented.
IAP, Frankfurt am Main
Funneling is a method to increase low energy beam currents in multiple stages. The Frankfurt Funneling Experiment is a model of such a stage. The experiment is built up of two ion sources with electrostatic lens systems, a Two-Beam-RFQ accelerator, a funneling deflector and a beam diagnostic system. The two beams are bunched and accelerated in a Two-Beam RFQ. A funneling deflector combines the bunches to a common beam axis. Current work is beam tests with the new beam matching section. First funneling beam and energy measurements with the improved Two-Beam-RFQ will be presented.
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
The front end test stand (FETS) [1] is entering the next stage of construction and commissioning, with the three-solenoid magnetic low energy beam transport (LEBT) line being installed. A thorough characterization of the beam leaving the Penning H- ion source has been performed. This includes measurements of the beam current using toroids and of the transverse emittance using slit-slit scanners. These measurements are performed over a wide range of source discharge and extraction parameters in order to understand how the transmission may be improved. Comments on the quality of the beam to be injected into the FETS radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) are given.
JAEA, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori
NIFS, Gifu
Tohoku University, School of Engineering, Sendai
Doshisha University, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto
We propose a negative ion beam probe system as a new scheme to diagnose beam profile of high power positive ion beams. Two RF linacs of IFMIF have to drive the neutron source by providing continuous-wave (CW) positive deuterium ion beams with the intensity of 125 mA each at the beam energy of 40 MeV. During the CW beam operations, the extreme intensity of the beam and the severe radiation levels make the beam diagnostics with conventional techniques in the transport lines terribly difficult. A beam of negative ions liable to lose the additional electron at the occasion of impact with a high energy particle can work as a probe to measure the positive ion beam profile. On possible configuration to achieve high intensity beam profile measurement is to inject a negative ion probe beam into the target beam perpendicularly, and measure the attenuation of the negative ion beam by beam-beam interaction at each position. We have started an experimental study for the proof-of-principle of the new beam profile monitoring system. The paper presents the status quo of this beam profile monitor system development and the prospects to apply the system to the IFMIF beam line controls.
PKU/IHIP, Beijing
A compact remote control system with the SIMATIC S7-300 PLC is being designed for Peking University Neutron Imaging FaciliTY (PKUNIFTY). PKUNIFTY consists of a 2.45GHz ECR Deuteron ion source, LEBT, a 201.5MHz RFQ cavity, HEBT and Be target. Now PLC control system for ECR ion source and LEBT has been completed and tested. This paper will present the structure of the control system, the HMI with useful data recording system, and some measures took to improve the system safety.
KAERI, Daejon
In the RF linac, the RF system is roughly half of the total cost. The 13.56MHz rf generator is cheap and readily available. Therefore, an rf implanter which uses a cavity operating at the frequency of 13.56MHz has now been considered and developed at Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) - Korea. The implanter consists of a Duoplasmatron ion source, a triplet focusing magnet, an rf cavity, a bending magnet and an end chamber. It can accelerate particles up to 32keV/u for charge to mass ratio of 1/4. The implanter design concept, fabrication, testing and commissioning are presented in this presentation.
University of Fukui, Faculty of Engineering, Fukui
KEK, Ibaraki
KURRI, Osaka
In Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI), the FFAG accelerator for accelerator driven sub-critical reactor (ADSR) system has been constructed and world's first ADSR experiments have started in March 2009. In order to upgrade beam intensity, multiturn charge exchange injection system for scaling FFAG accelerator is being studied. The 11MeV H- beam is injected from linac and is accelerated up to 100MeV in FFAG main ring. In this presentation, the detail of injection system is described and feasibility of such a low energy H- injection system is discussed.
KEK, Ibaraki
Thick carbon foils (>300ug/cm2) has been used for stripping of H- ion beam into protons at the injection stage of the 3GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (3GeV-RCS) in J-PARC. The carbon stripping foils with high durability at high temperature >1800K are strongly required. We have recently developed a new irradiation system for lifetime measurement of the stripping foils using the KEK 650keV Cockcroft-Walton type of high voltage accelerator with high current pulsed negative hydrogen ion beam, which can simulate the high energy-depositions upon foils in the RCS. It is found that, by adjusting the peak intensity and the pulse length of the hydrogen ion beams appropriately, the energy deposition becomes equivalent to that exerted by the incoming hydrogen ions and the circulating protons at the injection process of the RCS. The most important factor that affects the foil lifetime is the foil temperature. During lifetime tests by this system, the temperature of foil is measured by a fast thermometer and by using a phototransistor in a pulsed mode (650keV, 10mA, 0.25msec, 25Hz). The new irradiation system and some preliminary results on lifetime of the carbon stripping foil will be presented.
GSI, Darmstadt
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan
Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) are increasingly used as ion source for different types of accelerator because of their high current densities for highly charged ions. To investigate the ion beam quality, normally delivered to the RFQ of the high charge state injector at GSI, we had the chance to install a viewing target close to the position of ion beam injection into the RFQ. The profile visible on the viewing target could be recorded through a regular glass window by a simple camera outside the vacuum. The RFQ itself has been removed for these measurements. We have found a highly structured ion beam distribution at that position. These structures, already caused by the hexapolar field within the ion source have already been observed directly behind the extraction. They are transported through the beam line without becoming homogeneous, which indicates a high degree of space charge compensation for that cw-beam. If the full beam line is mastered by the dipole, all charge states show similar ion beam distribution on the target for a given extraction voltage. This is also a hint, that the structures have been produced within the source already.
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD)
In singly charged positive ion sources, the study of beam extraction is greatly simplified by the existence of a well defined place for plasma to beam transition, given by the well known Bohm criterion, where the ion flow speed equals the speed of sonic perturbation, known as Bohm speed. Most of the ion extraction simulation codes are implicity based on the concept of quasi neutrality in the plasma region, as limited by the Bohm criterion. In negative ion source the existence of an electron coextracted beam and of a magnetic filter makes the relevant speed less clear. Moreover there are several scale lengths to be considered: the Debye length, that is typically 0.01 mm, the electron and ion gyroradius, the H- scattering, absorbtion and production length. In the development of negative ion source for NBI injector for ITER, the production of H- at wall and the negative sheath so generated is also important. A critical evaluation of these regimes is obtained with 1D (one space dimension) models, mostly restricted to magnetic filter parallel to the extraction wall. Some remarks on 2D simulation codes is also given.
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo
The next generation heavy ion accelerator facility, such as the RIKEN RIBF, requires great variety of high charged heavy ions with a magnitude higher beam intensity than currently achievable. In the last decade, performance of the ECR ion sources has been dramatically improved with increasing the magnetic field and RF frequency to enhance the density and confinement time of plasma. Furthermore, the effects of the key components (magnetic field configuration, gas pressure etc) on the ECR plasma have been revealed. Such basic studies give us how to optimize the ion source structure. Based on these studies and the technology, we successfully constructed the new 28GHz SC-ECRIS which has a flexible magnetic field configuration to enlarge the ECR zone and to optimize the field gradient at ECR point. In the test experiment, we obtained the direct evidence that the field gradient and the zone size strongly affect the beam intensity. It concludes that the gentler field gradient and large ECR zone size gives intense beam of highly charged heavy ions from ECR plasma. In this contribution, we report the systematic study of these effects on the beam intensity of highly charged heavy ions.
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako
The superconducting ECR ion source enabled to use a 28 GHz microwave source had been developed to provide intense beam of highly charged heavy ions like U35+ to the RIKEN RI-beam factory (RIBF) since 2007. The first plasma was lit in May of 2009 and it was succeeded in providing the uranium beam to the RIBF in December. In this operation, uranium ions were supplied with sputter method and two 18 GHz microwave sources were used. The beam intensity of the uranium ion exceeded 14μAmps, which was more than five times larger than that for 18 GHz ECR ion source of a usual type. The extraction system consists of the accel-decel electrode system, a solenoid coil and a 90 degreeanalyzing magnet. We measured the profiles and emittances of the extracted beams for several ion species and compared with the calculated results with 'OPERA-3d' including space charge effect. And we shall discuss the beam dynamics at the extraction region such as the relationship between the beam emittance and the operating parameters.
Department of Energy Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
Kyushu University, Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Fukuoka
The Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) project at Brookhaven National Laboratory is a new heavy ion pre-injector for Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and NASA Space Radiation Laboratory science programs. An important requirement for EBIS is an ion source capable of efficiently providing a variety of heavy ion species to many users within short period of time. In that respect, Laser Ion Source (LIS), which can supply many heavy ion species from solid targets, is a good candidate for RHIC-EBIS, however, LIS has an issue to be resolved. This is the requirement of limited current in low energy beam transport. LIS in the condition that laser power density is low, is expected to provide limited current with long pulse length. The discussions of the experimental results are presented.
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
NIRS, Chiba-shi
The 11C isotopes are produced in the nitrogen gas target irradiated by a proton beam. If the nitrogen target contains 5% of hydrogen, about 5·E12 methane molecules can be produced each 20 minutes. The separated methane is loaded into the ion source. The technique used for formation of radioactive carbon beams was developed and tested in the JINR electron string ion source (ESIS) Krion-2. The measured conversion efficiency of methane molecules to carbon ions is rather high; it corresponds to 17 % for C4+ ions. The experimentally obtained C4+ ion intensity in ESIS was about 2·E9 ppp. The new ESIS-5T is under construction in JINR now at project ion intensity of 6·E9 ppp. Accelerated 12C ion beams are effectively used for cancer treatment at HIMAC. The positron emission tomography is the most effective way of tumor diagnostics. The intensive radioactive 11C ion beam could allow both these advantages to be combined. It could be used both for cancer treatment and for on-line PET. Formation of a primary radioactive ion beam at an intensity on the tumor target of 1·E8 pps allows the cancer treatment by the scanning radiation method and on-line dose verification.
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
VNIIEF, Sarov (Nizhnii Gorod)
JINR/LHE, Moscow
The Electron String Ion Source (ESIS) developed at JINR is effectively used here during the last decade. The Tubular Electron String Ion Source (TESIS) has been put forward recently to obtain a 1-2 orders of magnitude increase in the ion output as compared with ESIS. The project is aimed at creating TESIS and studying the electron string in the tubular geometry. The new tubular source with a superconducting solenoid up to 5 T is under construction now. The method of the off axis TESIS ion extraction will be realized to get TESIS beam emittance comparable with ESIS emittance. It is expected that this new TESIS will meet all rigid conceptual and technological requirements and should provide an ion output approaching 10 mA of Ar16+ ions in the pulsed mode and about 10 μA of Ar16+ ions in the average current mode. Design, construction and test of separate TESIS systems are discussed in this report.
ESS Bilbao, Bilbao
Fundación TEKNIKER, Eibar (Gipuzkoa)
Bilbao, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao
University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
Elytt Energy, Madrid
The rationale behind the Bilbao Accelerator Ion Source Test Stand (ITUR) project is to perform a comparison between different kinds of hydrogen ion sources using the same beam diagnostics setup. In particular, a direct comparison will be made in terms of the emittance characteristics of Penning-type sources such as those currently being used in ISIS (UK) and those of microwave type such as CEA-Saclay and INFN. The aim here pursued is to build an Ion Source Test Stand where virtually any type of source can be tested and, thus, compared to the results of other sources under the same gauge. It would then be possible to establish a common ground for effectively comparing different ion sources. The work here presented reports on the first simulations for the H-/H+ extraction system, as well the devices that conform the diagnostic vessel: Faraday Cup, Pepperpot and Retarding Potential Analyzer (RPA), among others.
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
The Front End Test Stand (FETS) under construction at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory is the UK's contribution to research into the next generation of High Power Proton Accelerators (HPPAs). Running at duty cycles of up 50 Hz with pulse lengths of 2 ms are required. This paper presents initial Hminus beam currents and emittance measurements for long pulse lengths.
Muons, Inc, Batavia
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia
The operation of the RHIC facility at BNL and the Electron Ion Colliders (EIC) under development at Jefferson Laboratory and BNL need high brightness ion beams with the highest polarization. Charge exchange injection into a storage ring or synchrotron and Siberian snakes have the potential to handle the needed polarized beam currents, but first the ion sources must create beams with the highest possible polarization to maximize collider productivity, which is proportional to a high power of the polarization. We are developing one universal H-/D- ion source design which will synthesize the most advanced developments in the field of polarized ion sources to provide high current, high brightness, ion beams with greater than 90% polarization, good lifetime, high reliability, and good power efficiency. The new source will be an advanced version of an atomic beam polarized ion source (ABPIS) with resonant charge exchange ionization by negative ions. An integrated ABPIS design will be prepared based on new materials and an optimized magnetic focusing system. Polarized atomic and ion beam formation, extraction, and transport for the new source will be computer simulated.
Muons, Inc, Batavia
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Development of novel modifications of H- source designs is proposed. The new source will be an advanced version of a Penning DT SPS (Dudnikov-Type Penning Surface Plasma Source) which will generate brighter beam in noiseless discharge, deliver up to 20 mA average current with better electrode cooling using new materials, and have longer lifetime, fast beam chopping capability, and reduced cesium loss.
Muons, Inc, Batavia
UMD, College Park, Maryland
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
In this project we are developing an RF H- surface plasma source which will synthesize the most important developments in the field of negative ion sources to provide high pulsed and average current, high brightness, good lifetime, high reliability, and higher power efficiency. We describe two planned modifications to the present SNS external antenna source in order to increase the plasma density near the output aperture: 1) replacing the present 2 MHz plasma-forming solenoid antenna with a 13 MHz saddle-type antenna and 2) replacing the permanent multicusp magnetic system with a weaker electro-magnet. Progress of this development will be presented.
Muons, Inc, Batavia
LBNL, Berkeley, California
Induction linear accelerators are featured in accelerator-based research currently supported by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. Over the next few years, the research will concentrate on developing intense ion sources and on studying the physics of spatial compression, neutralized transport, and focusing of the beam. The large diameter of lithium alumino-silicate ion emitters for large currents represents the current state of the art for emission densities of 1-1.5 mA/cm2. Also, operating temperatures of the surface are limited by the temperature of alumina-potted heater packages. We propose a novel system for increasing the emission of lithium ions from β-eucryptite through modification of the surface morphology by sputter etching with argon plus other gases. The resulting local field enhancement will increase the ion emission over that of a microscopically flat surface. In addition, a free-standing graphite heater assembly will be used to increase the temperature of the surface of the emission source.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
Kyushu University, Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Fukuoka
Department of Energy Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama
The Laser Ion Source is an efficient method for generating heavy ions for acceleration. The output produces high current and high charge-state beams from almost any type of elemental species. Using the Laser Ion Source apparatus, we consider improving the efficiency of this method by heating the target prior to laser irradiation. Prior deposition of any thermal energy into the target could add with the energy being delivered by the pulsed laser to produce higher current beams. These beams could be composed of higher charge-state ions and/or an increased net number of ions. We investigate by using a retrofitted heater to heat the target to a variety of high temperatures and subsequently analyze the produced beam.