| Paper | Title | Other Keywords | Page |
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| MOPEA023 | Engaging Schools and the Public with Accelerator Physics | plasma, proton, cavity, acceleration | 118 |
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Accelerator physics is often viewed as a difficult subject to communicate to schools and the public. The "Accelerate!" project, initiated in the UK in 2008, engages audiences with accelerator physics through a 45-minute live, interactive demonstration show, using basic physics demonstrations to explain the physics of particle accelerators and what they are used for. Feedback has been overwhelmingly positive from all areas, and demand for the show is very high, with over 3000 students involved in the first year of running. The program is also contributing to the science communication skills of physics graduate students. I discuss how to portray basic accelerator concepts through easy to access demonstrations and initial results of audience evaluation of the show. |
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| MOPEB074 | Calculation and Design of a High Voltage Electron Accelerator | electron, controls, gun, power-supply | 441 |
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High voltage electron accelerators are currently utilized in various industrial applications for Crosslinking Compounds, Sterilization, Polymerization, and vulcanization etc. The conceptual design of a high voltage electron accelerator for radiation technologies is considered in the paper. The key components of the electron accelerator are introduced and analyzed. Relevant physical parameters of the accelerator are then obtained. In order to verify the rationality of the design, beam optical paths are calculated by TRANSPORT program. The beam envelopes show that the physical design of this system can meet the requirement of engineering. |
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| MOPEC053 | Ion Source and Low Energy Beam Transport for the KEK Digital Accelerator | ion, ECRIS, ion-source, plasma | 579 |
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KEK digital accelerator (DA) capable of accelerating all species of ion* is an induction synchrotron employing no large scale injectors. At the beginning of its operation, Ar ions from the ECR ion source (ECRIS) embedded in the 200 kV high voltage terminal (HVT) are directly injected into KEK-DA though the low energy BT line (LEBT). The permanent magnet ECRIS was assembled at KEK. Its characteristics such as a charge-state spectrum, emittance, and intensity are presented. The 200 kV HVT has been also assembled at KEK. Its voltage stability in the pulse mode operation, where a plasma of 1 msec is created by x-band microwaves at 10 Hz, is discussed. The LEBT consists of the Eintzel lens, momentum analyzer, B magnets with edge focusing, electrostatic chopper**, and a combination of Q magnets. In the upper LEBT from the ion extraction hall to the entrance of the analyzer, possible charge-state ions are contaminated in the space-charge limit and beam focusing is realized through the Eintzel lens and tandem acceleration gaps. In the lower LEBT from the analyzer to the KEK-DA injection point, the lattice has been optimized so as to meet optics matching at the injection point. *K. Takayama, J. of Appl. Phys. 101 063304(2007), "KEK digital accelerator for material and biological sciences" in this conference |
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| MOPD018 | A New Life for High Voltage Electrostatic Accelerators | vacuum, tandem-accelerator, impedance, proton | 711 |
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Air insulated Cockcroft-Walton (Grienacher) cascades have been historically used to generate high voltages for accelerating particles. This paper explores how this technology can be utilised through a system level approach to develop more compact accelerator configurations with much higher voltages and gradients. One such concept is presented that realises a 20MeV, 1mA tandem accelerator that has a footprint ~2m^2 |
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| MOPD063 | Experimental Study of the SNS MEBT Chopper Performance | beam-losses, power-supply, extraction, target | 831 |
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The chopper system for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) provides a gap in the beam for clean extraction from the accumulator ring. It consists of a pre-chopper in the low energy beam transport and a faster chopper in the medium energy beam transport (MEBT). It took several iterations to develop a working design with the required parameters. In this paper we describe the latest design of the MEBT chopper deflector and give results of the experimental verification of the chopper effectiveness, the gap cleanness and the rise time measured with high resolution using the SNS laser wire. The effect on the losses will be discussed as well. |
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| MOPD067 | Status of the 2 MeV Electron Cooler for COSY/ HESR | electron, antiproton, vacuum, solenoid | 843 |
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The 2 MeV electron cooling system for COSY-Jülich was proposed to further boost the luminosity even in presence of strong heating effects of high-density internal targets. The project is funded since mid 2009. Manufacturing of the cooler components has already begun. The space required for the 2 MeV cooler is being made available in the COSY ring. The design and construction of the cooler is accomplished in cooperation with the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, Russia. The 2 MeV cooler is also well suited in the start up phase of the High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) at FAIR in Darmstadt. It can be used for beam cooling at injection energy and is intended to test new features of the high energy electron cooler for HESR. Two new prototypes of the modular high voltage system were developed, one consisting of gas turbines the other based on inductance-coupled cascade generators. The new 2 MeV electron cooler is described in detail and tests of components are reported. |
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| MOPE026 | The Wire Scanner at BEPCII | linac, electron, controls, power-supply | 1023 |
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To monitor the beam profile at the end of linac non-destructively, Wire scanner as a new diagnostic instrument was designed, manufactured and installed in 2007. After that, we had done beam test for several times using this device. This paper describes the whole system of wire scanner and beam test result. |
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| MOPE061 | Gas Electron Multipliers for Low Energy Beams | antiproton, electron, cathode, extraction | 1116 |
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Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM) find their way to more and more applications in beam instrumentation. Gas Electron Multiplication uses a very similar physical phenomenon to that of Multi Wire Proportional Chambers (MWPC) but for small profile monitors they are much more cost efficient both to produce and to maintain. This paper presents the new GEM profile monitors intended to replace the MWPCs currently used at CERN's low energy Antiproton Decelerator (AD). It will be shown how GEMs overcome the documented problems of profile measurements with MWPCs for low energy beams, where the interaction of the beam with the detector has a large influence on the measured profile. Results will be presented from profile measurements performed at 5 MeV using four different GEM prototypes, with discussion on the possible use of GEMs at even lower energies needed at the AD in 2012. |
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| TUPEA044 | Piezoelectric Actuators Control Unit | controls, power-supply, status, cavity | 1428 |
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Superconductive cavities for future linear accelerators, such as ILC, have extremely large quality factors requiring an effective stabilization with both slow and fast tuners. Piezoelectric actuators are the most common choice for fast tuners, but one drawback for a large scale application is the limited bandwidth and the large cost of commercially available drivers. In this paper we present a low cost driver which is ideally suited for fast tuner application, large system packaging and has an excellent flexibility in its implementation. Driving piezoelectric actuators having capacitive loads up to a few microfarads in the kHz range requires amplifiers with good current output capabilities at a few hundred volts. The Piezo Control Unit we developed for the ILC Test Area at Fermilab is composed by a 6U Eurocard crate hosting 5 Piezo Driver modules capable of driving up to 10 piezoelectric actuators. Main specifications include large voltage rails (-175 V to +175V), wide signal bandwidth (DC to10 kHz) and low output noise ( <10 mVrms). The driver is equipped with both output voltage and output current monitor. |
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| TUPEC019 | Improved DC Gun Insulator Assembly | gun, cathode, electron, vacuum | 1755 |
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Many user facilities such as synchrotron radiation light sources and free electron lasers require accelerating structures that support electric fields of 10-100 MV/m, especially at the start of the accelerator chain where ceramic insulators are used for very high gradient DC guns. These insulators are difficult to manufacture, require long commissioning times, and often exhibit poor reliability. Two technical approaches to solving this problem will be investigated. Firstly, inverted ceramics offer solutions for reduced gradients between the electrodes and ground. An inverted design will be presented for 350 kV, with maximum gradients in the range of 5-10 MV/m. Secondly, novel ceramic manufacturing processes will be studied, in order to protect triple junction locations from emission, by applying a coating with a bulk resistivity. The processes for creating this coating will be optimized to provide protection as well as be used to coat a ceramic with an appropriate gradient in bulk resistivity from the vacuum side to the air side of an HV standoff ceramic cylinder. Example insulator designs are being computer modelled, and insulator samples are being manufactured and tested |
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| TUPE071 | Identifying Longitudinal Jitter Sources in the LCLS Linac | linac, klystron, feedback, electron | 2296 |
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The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC is an x-ray Free Electron Laser with wavelengths of 0.15 nm to 1.5 nm. The electron beam stability is important for good lasing. While the transverse jitter of the beam is about 10-20% of the rms beam sizes, the jitter in the longitudinal phase space is a multiple of the energy spread and bunch length. At the lower energy of 4.3 GeV (corresponding to the longest wavelength of 1.5 nm) the relative energy jitter can be 0.125%, while the rms energy spread is with 0.025% five times smaller. An even bigger ratio exists for the arrival time jitter of 50 fs and the bunch duration of about 5 fs (rms) in the low charge (20 pC) operating mode. Although the impact to the experiments is reduced by providing pulse-by-pulse data of the measured energy and arrival time, it would be nice to understand and mitigate the root causes of this jitter. The thyratron of the high power supply of the RF klystrons is one of the main contributors. Another suspect is the multi-pacting in the RF loads. Phase measurements down to 0.01 degree (equals 10 fs) along the RF pulse were achieved, giving hints to the impact of the different sources. |
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| TUPE093 | High-Voltage Test of a 500-kV Photo-Cathode DC Gun for the ERL Light Sources in Japan | gun, electron, cathode, vacuum | 2341 |
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A 500-kV, 10-mA photocathode DC gun has been designed and is now under fabrication by the collaboration efforts of JAEA, KEK, Hiroshima Univ. and Nagoya Univ. The Cockcroft-Walton generator and the ceramic insulator are installed upright in the SF6 tank. We have adopted a multiple-stacked cylindrical ceramic insulator, because this type of ceramic insulator has shown good stability and robustness at the 200-kV Nagoya polarized gun and the 250-kV JAEA FEL gun. The vacuum chamber, the guard-rings and the support-rod electrode are made of titanium alloy with very low out-gassing and robustness to high voltage performances. The Cockcroft-Walton generator, the ceramic insulator, the vacuum chamber and the guard-rings have been assembled and a high-voltage test has been successfully done with up to 550kV. The high-voltage test and up-to-date status of the gun development will be presented in detail. |
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| WEPEA031 | Suppression of Horizontal Beam Oscillation by using Fast Kicker Magnet System in SPring-8 Storage Ring | kicker, power-supply, injection, betatron | 2552 |
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In top-up operation at SPring-8 the horizontal beam oscillation had been excited because the injection bump orbit is not closed perfectly. For this problem, we had made an effort to reduce the residual beam oscillation by the improvement of bump magnet design, reducing the effect due to the nonlinearity of sextupole magnet and introducing pulsed corrector magnet, etc. By these improvements the average amplitude of residual oscillation has now been suppressed to the level of less than 0.1 mm. Still remaining relatively large residual oscillation comes from a non-similarity of a temporal shape of magnetic field of four bump magnets. We then started development fast kicker magnet system to give a counter kick to this part of residual beam oscillation. A key technology in this development is how to generate a large pulsed current in a short period to meet the oscillation characteristic. A newly developed fast pulsed power supply can generate a current of about 300 A, or corresponding magnetic field of 4.61 mT, with a pulse width of 1.2 us. Recently, we succeeded in the reduction of the horizontal beam oscillation at the timing of firing bump magnets by using this kicker system. |
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| WEPEB008 | PLC Control System for the PKUNIFITY | controls, ion, ion-source, ECR | 2701 |
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A compact remote control system with the SIMATIC S7-300 PLC is being designed for Peking University Neutron Imaging FaciliTY (PKUNIFTY). PKUNIFTY consists of a 2.45GHz ECR Deuteron ion source, LEBT, a 201.5MHz RFQ cavity, HEBT and Be target. Now PLC control system for ECR ion source and LEBT has been completed and tested. This paper will present the structure of the control system, the HMI with useful data recording system, and some measures took to improve the system safety. |
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| WEPD079 | Comparison among Eligible Topologies for Marx Klystron Modulators | klystron, collider, controls, linac | 3284 |
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The possible issues related to the use of last-generations Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) switches into a Marx-topology klystron modulator are discussed. Experimental results obtained from two cells Marx prototypes using two different solutions, including single device and series connected devices both hard-switched, are presented. The use of single high voltage device per cell allowed us to obtain lower on-state voltage drop but much slower switching times. On the other side the series connection of lower voltage IGBTs results in much faster commutations and lower devices costs accompanied by a larger on state voltage drop. |
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| WEPD080 | Compact Klystron Modulator for XFEL/SPring-8 | klystron, controls, power-supply, status | 3287 |
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XFEL/SPring-8 will use 72 line type modulator pulse-power supply for 66 C-band klystrons, 4 S-band, one L-band and pulsed 500 kV electron gun. In order to make the size smaller to fit the space available in the high gradient C-band accelerator, we have developed all in one box design of modulator. Using metal monocok design, filled with oil, it becomes possible to fit all circuitry: PFN, thyratron, pulse transformer, klyston socket, and protection circuit into a metal box of W 1m x L 1.7m x H 1m, which provides strong support for massive klystron and solenoide with lead shield and functions as superior EM shiled. We developed high precission HV charger for PFN, which has stability better than 100 ppm.pp. Modulator and PFN chargers are under mass prodution. |
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| WEPD095 | The Development of a Fast Beam Chopper for Next Generation High Power Proton Drivers | proton, controls, linac, rfq | 3320 |
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A description is given of the development of slow-wave chopper structures for the 3.0 MeV, 60 mA, H‾ MEBT on the RAL Front-End Test Stand (FETS) [1]. 'Helical' and 'Planar' electrode designs [2] have been developed by simulating their high frequency (HF) electromagnetic properties in a commercial 3D code [3], and the manufacture of prototypes has helped to validate the predictive accuracy of the design code, and the selection of suitable machine-able ceramics and alloys of copper and aluminium. A description is also given of a novel abrasive brushing process that enables fine tuning of stripline characteristic impedance by facilitating control of stripline edge radius. The transmission line properties of the previously described 'Helical' test assembly [4] are compared with those of the recently completed 'Planar' test assembly. Finally, the development status of a related prototype high voltage pulse generator is presented. |
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| WEPD096 | Solid-State Tetrode Test Stand | controls, power-supply, monitoring, cathode | 3323 |
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Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) recently delivered a 500 kW CW, 33 kV solid-state test stand for the evaluation and conditioning of high power tetrodes employed in accelerator and radar systems. The test system consists of DTI-manufactured and commercially-sourced power supplies, a DTI high voltage opening switch, and DTI controls. Combining an opening switch and fast responding power supplies allows the hi-potting and high power burn-in to be consolidated in one test stand. Faulty tubes, which would not operate in a crowbar-equipped modulator, and could not be processed to health on a high potter, can be revived to health with this fast opening switch circuitry. By limiting peak fault current and follow-on-current, the total energy in an arc event is greatly minimized, reducing damage inside the tube. If greater energy (or action) is required for initial tube processing, additional load capacitance downstream of the switch can be added into the circuit for 'spot knocking' purposes. This test stand is capable of operation in pulsed mode as well as CW. This paper will address the design and construction of the test stand and discuss results since its installation. |
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| WEPD099 | Secondary Electron Trajectories in High-gradient Vacuum Insulators with Fast High-voltage Pulses | electron, vacuum, simulation, induction | 3332 |
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Vacuum insulators composed of alternating layers of metal and dielectric, known as high-gradient insulators (HGIs), have been shown to withstand higher electric fields than conventional insulators. Generally, vacuum insulator failure is due to surface flashover, initiated by electrons emitted from the triple junction. These electrons strike the insulator surface and produce secondary electrons, which also strike the insulator surface to create more secondary electrons and lead to avalanche. Magnetic field from the external sources, the high-current electron beam, the conduction current in the transmission line or the displacement current in the insulator can deflect primary and secondary electrons' trajectories either toward to or away from the insulator surface, and hence affect the performance of the high-voltage vacuum insulator. The displacement current effects are particularly interesting for short pulse applications. This paper presents the displacement current effects with various short applied voltage pulses on performance of high-gradient insulators. Optimal HGI configurations will also be discussed. |
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| WEPD100 | Compact, Intelligent, Digitally Controlled IGBT Gate Drivers for a PEBB-based ILC Marx Modulator | controls, klystron, diagnostics, monitoring | 3335 |
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SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has built and is currently operating a first generation prototype Marx klystron modulator to meet ILC specifications. Under development is a second generation prototype, aimed at improving overall performance, serviceability, and manufacturability as compared to its predecessor. It is designed around 32 cells, each operating at 3.75 kV and correcting for its own capacitor droop. Due to the uniqueness of this application, high voltage gate drivers needed to be developed for the main 6.5 kV and droop correction 1.7 kV IGBTs. The gate driver provides vital functions such as protection of the IGBT from over-voltage and over-current, detection of gate-emitter open and short circuit conditions, and monitoring of IGBT degradation (based on collector-emitter saturation voltage). Gate drive control, diagnostic processing capabilities, and communication are digitally implemented using an FPGA. This paper details the design of the gate driver circuitry, component selection, and construction layout. In addition, experimental results are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the protection circuit. |
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| THPEA009 | Construction Status of C-band Main Accelerator for XFEL/SPring-8 | klystron, cavity, electron, controls | 3691 |
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C-band (5712 MHz) accelerator is used as the main accelerator of the XFEL in SPring-8. Since the C-band generates a high accelerator gradient, as high as 35 MV/m, the total length of the 8-GeV accelerator fits within 400 m, including the injector and three bunch compressors. We use 64 C-band rf units, which consists of 128 accelerating structures, 64 rf pulse compressors, 64 klystrons, waveguide components, etc. Mass-production of these high power rf components has been almost completed. Production quality is confirmed by the high power rf test. Installation of the C-band components started in August 2009. So far, about half of the components have been installed on schedule. The accelerating structures are aligned with about 0.1 mm accuracy. By the date of the IPAC'10 conference, we will almost complete the installation. In this presentation, we will report the construction status. |
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| THPEA055 | 500 MW X-band RF System of a 0.25 GeV Electron LINAC for Advanced Compton Scattering Source Application | klystron, gun, linac, electron | 3798 |
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A Mono-Energetic Gamma-Ray Compton scattering light source is being developed at LLNL. The electron beam for the interaction will be generated by a X-band RF gun and LINAC at the frequency of 11.424 GHz. High power RF in excess of 500 MW is needed to accelerate the electrons to energy of 250 MeV or greater. Two high power klystrons, each capable of generating 50 MW, 1.5 msec pulses, will be the main RF sources for the system. These klystrons will be powered by state of the art solid-state high voltage modulators. A RF pulse compressor, similar to the SLED II pulse compressor, will compress the klystron output pulse with a power gain factor of five. For compactness consideration, we are looking at a folded RF line. The goal is to obtain 500 MW at output of the compressor. The compressed pulse will then be distributed to the RF gun and to six traveling wave accelerator sections. Phase shifter and amplitude control are located at the RF gun input and additional control points along the LINAC to allow for parameter control during operation. This high power RF system is being designed and constructed. In this paper, we will present the design, layout, and status of this RF system. |
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| THPEB043 | Connection Module for the European X-ray FEL 10MW Horizontal Multibeam Klystron | klystron, cathode, gun, power-supply | 3978 |
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For the European XFEL project horizontal multi-beam klystrons will be installed in the XFEL tunnel and will be connected to the double tank pulse transformers. Both, the klystron and pulse transformer need for the normal operation to be filled with oil. To avoid the possible oil leakage during connection of the klystron and transformer tank inside tunnel, the connection module (CM) was proposed. The CM will be mounted on the support platform of the klystron and through the tube socket connected to the guns electrodes outside of the tunnel and will transported to the tunnel together with klystron. The connection to the pulse transformer tank will be done only with HV cable, because the CM has inside it the filament transformer. To reduce the weight and volume of the oil the design of filament transformer was done as high frequency coaxial one with coupling factor of 0.58 and working frequency about 1 kHz. The CM has the built-in current and voltage monitors. In this paper we give an overview about design and test result of the CM together with klystron. |
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| THPEB047 | The Development of L-band Inductive Output Tube without Trolly toward Higher Applied Voltage. | cavity, simulation, cathode, vacuum | 3984 |
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The L-band inductive output tube (IOT) without trolly was developed to operate under higher applied voltage. The operation frequency of conventional IOTs is tuned using its trolly. This mechanism is based on the lower frequency IOT. However it causes less insulation voltage of the ceramics since the electric insulation oil is not available for its trolly and the length of the insulation ceramics is limited because it is a part of the resonant cavity. In case of IOTs, it is important to increase the applied voltage for higher output power since the grid gap is very narrow and its area cannot be increased to keep the gain. Thus we developed an IOT which has a longer insulating ceramic and the input cavity is filled with vacuum to use the electric insulation oil. Further the dielectric waveguide can solve to feed the input microwave to the cathode grid without trolly. These new features of the IOT is very effective for the fixed frequency application such as the accelerator, for example the energy recovery linac. The design and the experimental results will be presented in this report. |
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| THPEB053 | A 12 GHz RF Power Source for the CLIC Study | klystron, cavity, power-supply, controls | 3990 |
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The CLIC RF frequency has been changed in 2008 from the initial 30 GHz to the European X-band 11.9942 GHz permitting beam independent power production using klystrons for CLIC accelerating structure testing. A design and fabrication contract for five klystrons at that frequency has been signed by different parties with SLAC. France (CEA Saclay) is contributing a solid state modulator purchased in industry to the CLIC study. RF pulses over 120 MW peak at 230 ns length will be obtained by using a novel SLED I type pulse compression scheme designed and fabricated in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. The X-band power test stand has been installed in the CLIC Test Facility CTF3 for independent structure and component testing in a bunker, but allowing, in a later stage, for powering RF components in the CTF3 beam lines. The design of the facility, results from commissioning of the RF power source and the performance of the Test Facility are reported. |
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| THPEB061 | CPI's 1.3 GHz, 90 kW Pulsed IOT Amplifier | power-supply, controls, cathode, EPICS | 4011 |
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The VIL409 Heatwave IOT-based RF amplifier was designed to meet the requirements of the EMMA accelerator at the Daresbury Laboratory. The VIL409 was successfully commissioned in September 2009. The VIL409 provides up to 90 kW RF output power ver a 5.5 MHz bandwidth centered at 1.3 GHz. It operates at a fixed 1.6 millisecond pulse at up to 20 Hz. Within limits, the user has control of the IOT beam voltage and the IOT grid bias voltage. Normal operation is to achieve smooth control of the output via the LLRF input alone. The IOT grid may be pulsed or operated at a constant voltage; pulsing achieves greatly enhanced energy efficiency. The VIL409 has an embedded processor that controls all internal functions of the amplifier system and interfaces directly to the EPICS control system. The embedded controller provides real-time pulse data to EPICS and operates slow-moving interlocks. Safety and IOT-protective interlocks are hard-wire circuits which operate in the microsecond timeframe. The VIL409 can be operated locally or controlled remotely on the EPICS controls network. This paper describes the VIL409 high power RF amplifier system. |
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| THPD069 | Studies of Nonlinear Media with Accelerator Applications | wakefield, controls, acceleration, simulation | 4440 |
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Materials possessing variations in the permittivity as a function of the electric field exhibit a variety of phenomena for electromagnetic wave propagation such as frequency multiplication, wave steepening and shock formation, solitary waves, and mode mixing. New low loss nonlinear microwave ferroelectric materials present interesting and potentially useful applications for both advanced and conventional particle accelerators. Accelerating structures (either wakefield-based or driven by an external rf source) loaded with a nonlinear dielectric may exhibit significant field enhancements. In this paper we will explore the large signal permittivity of these new materials and applications of nonlinear dielectric devices to high gradient acceleration, rf sources, and beam manipulation. We describe planned measurements using a planar nonlinear transmission line to characterize in detail the electric field dependence of the permittivity of these materials. We will present a concept for a nonlinear transmission line that can be used to generate short, high intensity rf pulses to drive fast rf kickers. |
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| THPD073 | Acceleration Module in Linear Induction Accelerator | cavity, induction, acceleration, impedance | 4449 |
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Linear Induction Accelerator (LIA) is a unique type of accelerator, which is capable to accelerate kilo-Ampere beam current to tens of MeV. The LIA acceleration modules, filled with ferrite or ferromagnetic toroid cores, can be conveniently stacked to obtain high energy. During the evolution of LIA, several models for the LIA acceleration module and the function of the cores have been proposed. Authors of this paper surveyed these models and tried to bridged them to form a consistent understanding of the LIA acceleration module. The unified understanding should be helpful in the further development and design of the LIA acceleration module. |