Fermilab, Batavia
Linear accelerators based on a superconducting technology need various superconducting magnets installed inside SCRF Cryomodules. At front end of Linear Accelerators installed relatively weak iron-dominated magnets. The focusing quadrupoles have integrated gradients in the range of 1 T - 4 T, and apertures 35 mm - 90 mm. At Fermilab were designed superconducting dipole correctors, and quadrupoles for various projects. In the paper presented these magnet designs, and test results of fabricated dipole corrector. There are also briefly discussed: magnetic and mechanical designs, quench protection, cooling, fabrication, and assembly inside cryomodule.
CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
CIEMAT, Madrid
FZJ, Jülich
The IFMIF project aims to build a high intensity material irradiation facility which one of the main components is a high intensity deuteron accelerator. A prototype of this accelerator will be built in Rokkasho in Japan. It includes a cryomodule composed of 8 superconducting cavities (HWR) powered by 200 kW couplers to accelerate the deuteron beam from 5 MeV to 9 MeV. The beam is focused inside the cryomodule by 8 superconducting solenoids. The cryomodule design has to respect some severe beam dynamics requirements, in particular a restricted space for the component interfaces and an accurate alignment to be kept during cooling down. A double cryogenic system has been designed as it is necessary to control the cavity cooling independently from the solenoid one. The cryomodule design should also be compatible with its environment in the Rokkasho building. This paper gives then a general overview of the 1rst cryomodule current design and its interfaces. It defines the concept chosen for the Cryogenic System, explains the method foreseen for the assembly and alignment and describes the integration study in Rokkasho.
CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
CIEMAT, Madrid
TTI, Santander
FZJ, Jülich
The driver of the International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) consists of two 125 mA, 40 MeV CW deuteron accelerators. A superconducting option for the 5 to 40 MeV linac based on Half-Wave Resonators (HWR) has been chosen. The first cryomodule houses 8 HWR's supplied by high power RF couplers; each of them should be able to operate at 200 kW in CW. This paper will give an overview of the RF design of the 175 MHz CW power coupler. The detailled mechanical studies and the realization will be performed by the Industry. Global approach of the contract with the Industry and the organization of the intermediate validation tests will be discussed. In a second part, the choices and the last advances concerning the couplers RF power test stand will be described.
CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
CIEMAT, Madrid
FZJ, Jülich
In the framework of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF), which consists of two high power CW accelerator drivers, each delivering a 125 mA deuteron beam at 40 MeV, an accelerator prototype is presently under design for the first phase of the project. A superconducting option has been chosen for the 5 MeV RF Linac, based on a cryomodule composed of 8 low-beta Half-Wave Resonators (HWR), 8 Solenoid Packages and 8 RF couplers. This paper will focus on the HWR sub-system: the RF, thermo-mechanical design, and the realization of the first prototype of HWR will be presented. The resonator tuning frequency is controlled by an innovant Cold Tuning System (CTS), located in the central region of the cavity. The different options for tuning will be discussed and the final thermo-mechanical design will be detailed. First validation test results of the CTS are expected for the conference.
Fermilab, Batavia
The concept design of the 2.5 GeV superconducting CW linac of the Project X is discussed. The linac structure and break points for different cavity families are described. The results of the RF system optimization are presented as well as the lattice design and beam dynamics analysis.
Fermilab, Batavia
MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region
In this paper, we discuss beam dynamics optimization for a proposed continuous wave (CW) Project-X superconducting (SC) linac. This 2.6 GeV linac has an average current (over few microseconds) of 1 mA, with a pulsed current of up to 5-10 mA. The beam power is 2.6 MW. The CW linac consists of a low-energy 325 MHz section (2.5 MeV - 470 MeV) containing three families of SC single-spoke resonators and one family of triple-spoke resonators followed by a high-energy 1.3 GHz SC section (470 MeV - 2.6 GeV) containing squeezed elliptical (β=0.81) and ILC-type (β=1) cavities. Transverse and longitudinal dynamics in the CW linac are modeled assuming a peak current 10 mA. Different options for focusing structures are considered: solenoidal, doublet, and triplet focusing in the low-energy section; FODO and doublet focusing in the high energy section.
GANIL, Caen
CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex
IPN, Orsay
SPIRAL2 is a radioactive beams facility, composed of a superconducting linac driver, delivering deuterons with an energy up to 40 MeV (up to 5 mA) and heavy ions with an energy up to 14.5 MeV/u (up to 1 mA). The superconducting linac is composed of two families of quarter wave resonators: type A (optimized for beta=0.07, 1 per cryomodule) and B (beta=0.12, 2 per cryomodule). The accelerator is scheduled to be commissioned from mid-2011 onwards. The project is therefore in production phase. This paper summarizes the latest results and the status of the superconducting linac. All 16 type B cavities have been tested. Cryomodules from both families are presently being assembled in series. Installation of the cryomodules in the new building in GANIL shall begin in August 2011.
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
A laser wire system* has been developed in the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) superconducting linac (SCL). The SNS laser wire system is the world largest of its kind with a capability of measuring profiles of an operational hydrogen ion (H-) beam at each of the 23 cryomodule stations along the SCL by using a single light source. Presently 9 laser wire stations have been commissioned that measure profiles of the H- beam at energy levels from 200 MeV to 1 GeV. The laser wire diagnostics has no moving parts inside the beam pipe and can be run parasitically on a neutron production H- beam. This talk reports our recent study of the laser wire profile measurement performance. Parasitic profile measurements have been conducted at multiple locations of SCL on an operational one-megawatt neutron production beam that SNS recently achieved as a new world record. We will describe experimental investigations of the laser wire system performance including the stability and repeatability of the measurement and the influence of the laser parameters. We will also discuss novel beam diagnostics capabilities at the SNS SCL by using the laser wire system.
* Liu et al., "Laser wire beam profile monitor in the SNS superconducting linac," Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A, to appear.
DESY, Hamburg
For future FELs (Free-Electron-Lasers) a 3rd harmonic system was proposed to increase the SASE intensity by linearization of the beam phase space after the first bunch compression section. At DESYs FLASH facility, a 3rd harmonic cavity system, consisting of four single cavities operating at 3.9GHz has been successfully tested at the module test stand. In this paper we present field regulation measurements using a step wised down converted field detector system and a model based designed LLRF field controller. First measurements showed a promising in loop vectorsum amplitude stability of about 2·10-5 for pulse-to-pulse operation.
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
The superconducting LINAC for the proposed New Light Source (NLS) project in the UK, will consist of 18 cryomodules operating at 1.8 K, each having 8, 1.3 GHz cavities operating in CW mode. The cryomodule design and cryogenic distribution scheme will be one of the key elements to achieve the desired performance from the superconducting RF (SRF) linac. Around the world, several large scale facilities (based on SRF linacs) are already operating (for example: CEBAF, SNS, FLASH) and several more have been proposed (XFEL, ILC, Cornell ERL, etc.). In this paper we define the requirements for an appropriate cryomodule, adopting proven L-band technology systems and also describe the cryogenic distribution scheme, in order to develop an effective and economic solution for the NLS.
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
A design optimisation has been performed for an L-band, SRF linac adopting cryomodule technology developed as part of the TESLA Technology Collaboration (TTC). A conventional XFEL cryomodule has been adopted as a baseline design and modified to allow for CW operation at a nominally high Qo level. An assessment of appropriate operating gradient, based upon expected sub-system component costs and SRF linac operating costs, has been performed. The associated cryomodule modifications to accommodate such a large dynamic load are also highlighted, along with identifying an appropriate RF control architecture which can achieve the stringent phase and amplitude stability requirements for NLS.
JAEA/ERL, Ibaraki
KEK, Ibaraki
ISSP/SRL, Chiba
HOM absorbers are one of the key components to determine the ERL cavity performance to reduce the HOM problem for the high current operation. When a beam line HOM damper is installed inside the cryomodule, the HOM absorber is cooled down to liquid nitrogen temperature. The RF absorber used for the HOM absorber is required to have good frequency and temperature properties at low temperature. The RF absorber was selected by permittivity and permeability measurement of some ferrites and ceramics from room temperature to 40 K. The HOM absorber is designed by optimizing the parameters such as length, thickness and position with microwave simulation codes. The HOM absorber test model was designed and fabricated to test the RF, mechanical, cooling and temperature properties.
LAL, Orsay
Within the XFEL project Laboratoire d'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL) is engaged to deliver 800 fundamental power couplers operating at 1.3 GHz at nominal power of 120 kW for the superconducting linac. This paper presents the strategies chosen for industrial production along with that of conditioning so as to deliver couplers at the rate of 8 per week.
KEK, Ibaraki
Cryomodule tests of four Tesla-like cavities is under preparation for S1-global project at KEK. An average maximum accelerating gradient (Eacc,max) of four cavities in the vertical tests at 2 K was reached to approximately 25 MV/m. Conditioning of four STF-2 input couplers was carried out at a high power test stand with a 5MW-pulsed klystron. Two types of frequency tuning system with a slide-jack tuner and a piezo tuner is installed at the center or end position of the He jacket. String asssembly of the four cavities will be started in March, and the first cool-down test of the cryomodule is scheduled in June, 2010.
KEK, Ibaraki
A superconducting cavity system has been developing for cERL injector Linac at KEK. Two prototype 2-cell niobium cavities and two prototype input couplers were fabricated. The vertical tests of the cavities at 2 K were carried out to qualify their performance. The rf conditioning of the input couplers were carried out at a high power test stand with a cw-300kW klystron. The results of the cavity performances at high gradients and the conditioning of the input couplers will be presented in this paper.
PKU/IHIP, Beijing
Peking University is striving for constructing a superconducting radio-frequency accelerator test facility (PKU-SETF) to provide coherent radiations [1]. A cryomodule consisting of a China made 9-cell TESLA type cavity was designed and constructed for this purpose, which is expected to provide 15-20 MeV energy gain at an operating temperature of 2K. Some technical issues in the manufacturing progress are reported, including the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of the LHe vessel and the superconducting cavity, the demagnetization of the vacuum vessel made of pure iron, and the manufacturing of the main power coupler.
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
In the PLS-II storage ring, the available length of a long straight section for RF system is 6.28 m, which is from quadrupole magnet to quadrupole magnet beam-pipe valves with an elliptical transverse cross section. In this room, two beam-pipe transitions from elliptical to circle cross section, two commercial cryomodules with a circle transverse cross section, three bellows for adjusting cryomodule length and four vacuum valves could need to be installed. Two commercial cryomodules are too long to be installed into this section. In order to install two cryomodules into this section, we need to modify the tapers for reducing the total length of these parts. In this paper, the HOM damping effects for different taper shapes has been studied. The beam loss factor influence and broad-band impedance change due to taper shape changes have been estimated.
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
The RF system for PLS-II upgrade, of which beam current and emittance are 400 mA and 5.6 nmrad at 3 GeV, becomes much more important compared to PLS. To reduce the HOM intensity in RF cavities for stable beam, a superconducting RF cavity is selected for the PLS-II. The RF system has to compensate beam loss power of 663 kW from 24 bending magnets, 20 insertion devices and other losses by RF HOM and broadband losses along vacuum chambers. For sufficient energy acceptance and lifetime the design RF voltage is 4.5 MV. Three 500 MHz superconducting cavities will be operated from October 2012, following successful commissioning with PLS NC cavities from July 2011. For the 3 SRF cryomodules, a 700 W class He cryogenic system will be prepared in 2011. The design of PLS-II SRF system including cryogenic system will be reported in the paper.
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
CLASSE, Ithaca, New York
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
The Daresbury international Cryomodule Collaboration requires a suitable RF coupler that will fit into the footprint of the ALICE cryomodule, with the ability of transfering potentially up to 30 kW CW of RF power into the cavity whilst maximising the capability for adjusting the coupling. For this a modified Cornell Injector coupler has been used. Modifications to the cold section was carried out. These couplers have now been assembled into a test cavity and conditioned to 30 kW pulsed, 10 kW CW. This paper describes the modifications required to fit inside the cryomodule and details of the tests that were carried out.
CLASSE, Ithaca, New York
Cornell University has developed and fabricated a SCRF injector cryomodule for the acceleration of a high current, low emittance beam in the Cornell ERL injector prototype. This cryomodule is based on superconducting rf technology with five 2-cell rf cavities operated in the cw mode, supporting beam currents of up to 100 mA. After a rework of this cryomodule in 2009 to implement several improvements, it is now in beam operation again. In this paper we report on latest results and discuss future test plans.
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia
JLab has designed and fabricated several prototype SRF cavities with cell shapes optimized for high current beams and with strong damping of unwanted higher order modes. We report on the latest test results of these cavities and on developments of concepts for new variants optimized for particular applications such as light sources and high-power proton accelerators, including betas less than one. We also report on progress towards a first beam test of this design in the recirculation loop of the JLab ERL based FEL. With growing interest worldwide in applications of SRF for high-average power electron and hadron machines, a practical test of these concepts is highly desirable. We plan to package two prototype cavities in a de-mountable cryomodule for temporary installation into the JLab FEL for testing with RF and beam. This will allow verification of all critical design and operational parameters paving the way to a full-scale prototype cryomodule.
KEK, Ibaraki
Fermilab, Batavia
INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
DESY, Hamburg
In an attempt at demonstrating an average field gradient of 31.5 MV/m as per the design accelerating gradient for ILC, a program called S1-Global is in progress as an international research collaboration among KEK, INFN, FNAL, DESY and SLAC. The S1-Global cryomodule will contain eight superconducting cavities from FNAL, DESY and KEK. The cryomodule will be constructed by joining two half-size cryomodules, each 6 m in length. The module containing four cavities from FNAL and DESY has been constructed by INFN. The module for four KEK cavities is being modified at present. The assembly of the cryomodules is scheduled from January 2010, and the operation of the system is scheduled from June 2010 at the KEK-STF. In this paper, the construction of the S1-Global cryomodule will be presented.
KEK, Ibaraki
Vertical tests of five 1.3GHz 9-cell cavities (MHI#5-#9) have been done totally 17 times from 2008 to 2009 for S1-Global project in KEK-STF, which is planned in 2010. MHI#7 cavity achieved 33.6MV/m, which was the best result, and the others below 30MV/m. After the exchange for new EP acid on May/2009, many brown stains (niobium oxide) were observed on the interior surface of the cavity, and onset gradient of radiation level measured at the top flange of cryostat was much lower. After several vertical tests, the effect by this phenomenon was gradually relaxed. After four cavities reached above 25MV/m, the gradient suddenly dropped due to the unknown cause at the next vertical test. Two of four cavities were recovered above 25MV/m at the final vertical test again. However, any cavity in KEK-STF did not reach ILC specification (Eacc=35MV/m, Q0=0.8x1010) yet. This means that more improvement for cavity fabrication and surface treatment is necessary. In this presentation, the summary of the vertical tests for S1-Global project in KEK-STF will be reported.
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
The investigations on ILC siting in the Dubna region and ILC technical activity at JINR are presented. International intergovernmental status of JINR, stable geological and plain relief conditions, comfortable location and well developed infrastructure create a set of advantages of the JINR site in the neighborhood of Dubna. The shallow layout of accelerator tunnel makes it possible to use a communication gallery at the surface instead of second one. This is an effective way of significant cost reduction of all conventional facilities and explicit labor of the project. The results of the preliminary geological engineering surveys along the supposed route of the ILC in Dubna area of Moscow region are presented.
IHEP Beijing, Beijing
IHEP Beiing, Beijing
1.3 GHz superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) technology is one of the key technologies for the ILC and future XFEL / ERL projects of China. With the aim to develop this technology, IHEP has started a program to build an SRF Accelerating Unit in the frame of ILC collaboration. The SRF Accelerating Unit contains a 9-cell 1.3 GHz superconducting cavity, a short cryomodule, a high power input coupler, a tuner, a low level RF system and a high power RF source, etc. The unit can undergo beam test and used as the booster for any SRF linac based test facility. Recent progress of the components R&D is presented.
Air Liquide, Division Techniques Avancées, Sassenage
IPN, Orsay
Air Liquide, Sassenage
GANIL, Caen
The future superconducting Linear accelerator of the SPIRAL2 project at GANIL (France) will require a complete helium cryogenic system. Air Liquide DTA has been selected to provide around 1300W equivalent refrigeration power at 4.5K with mainly refrigeration load but also helium liquefaction rate and 60K thermal shields feed. The Helium cold box designed and manufactured by Air Liquide DTA will be derived from the standard HELIAL LF product to match the need for the SPIRAL2 project. The cryogenic system also includes a liquid Dewar, cryogenic lines and recovery system for liquefaction rate. Cryogenic distribution line and valves boxes for LINAC Cryomodules are designed and installed by GANIL.
IUAC, New Delhi
Superconducting Linac at Delhi was partly established and commissioned with one linac cryomodule to house 8 quarter wave niobium cavities along with buncher and rebuncher cryomodule. Two more linac cryomodules are designed, developed and integrated with beam line and cryo distribution line recently. Design of present modules are modified based on the feedback from earlier modules. Present paper will be highlighting the modified design along with thermal and vacuum performance of the present modules w.r.t earlier module.
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
The proposed New Light Source (NLS) based on a CW superconducting linear accelerator requires large scale cryogenic refrigeration equipment comparable to some of largest installations around the world (for example CEBAF/SNS and LHC). The maximum refrigeration power requirement is estimated to be 3.4 kW at 1.8 K. The ratio of the dynamic to the static heat load is in excess of 20 and handling such large variations in the refrigeration power is the key issue in the development of the cryogenic system for NLS. In this paper we present our approach to address the issues relating to efficient and reliable operability, operational functionality and capital costs, in order to develop an effective and economic solution for NLS.
SLAC, Menlo Park, California
The Linac Group at SLAC is actively pursuing a broad range of R&D to improve the reliability and reduce the cost of the L-band (1.3 GHz) rf system proposed for the ILC linacs. Current activities include the long-term evaluation of a 120 kV Marx Modulator driving a 10 MW Multi-Beam Klystron, design of a second-generation Marx Modulator, testing of a sheet-beam gun and beam transport system for a klystron, construction of an rf distribution system with remotely-adjustable power tap-offs, and development of a system to combine the power from many klystrons in low-loss circular waveguide where it would be tapped-off periodically to power groups of cavities. This paper surveys progress during the past few years.
DESY, Hamburg
High frequency Higher Order Modes (HOM) propagating in the beam line of a superconducting linac can carry a substantial fraction of the energy deposited in accelerating structures by the beam. In this contribution, we report test results of the beam line absorber (BLA), which was designed and fabricated at DESY, and installed in the FLASH accelerator to absorb the HOM energy generated by high current beams. Two tests were carried out, in September 2008 and September 2009, during so called high current runs. The experiments confirmed the concept of the BLA design and showed remarkable agreement with computer modeling of the HOM energy absorption.