Cyclotrons2016 - Classification: Cyclotron Technology

Paper	Title	Page
MOC02	Integration of an Electrostatic Field with Several MV/m into a Large-Gap Dipole Magnet
	J. Böker, U. Bechstedt, R. Gebel, S. Quilitzsch FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	The standard model predicts a non-vanishing permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) for fundamental particles that is too small to be measured with today's technology. Thus, the measurement would be a hint to physics beyond the standard model. Precursor experiments are currently developed and carried out at the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) that eventually will lead to a dedicated storage ring for the measurement of the charged particles' EDM. An EDM ring necessitates the combination of magnetic and electric fields. As the EDM measurement relies on a specific spin motion, electric fields have to compensate (~7 MV/m) the spin precession due to the magnetic fields (~0.2 T). A large-gap dipole magnet is currently equipped with 1 m x 0.1 m large capacitor plates. The setup will be used to study the behavior of dark current in the vicinity of moderate magnetic fields. Moreover, diagnostics will be validated that detect and measure the dark current and the electric field.
	Slides MOC02 [9.426 MB]
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TUC02	Charge Stripper Ring for Cyclotron Cascade	155
	H. Imao RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan N. Fukunishi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, H. Okuno, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, K. Yamada, Y. Yano RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	In the multi-stage acceleration of heavy ions such as the acceleration at the RIKEN RI beam factory (RIBF), the electron stripping process with charge strippers is an inevitable process for the efficient acceleration. Typical efficiencies, however, for the charge-state conversion of very heavy ions are about 15-30% with common charge strippers. Actually, the total efficiency of two charge strippers for the uranium acceleration at the RIBF is only 6%. The low conversion efficiency is an important bottleneck for the intensity upgrade. Multi-charge acceleration proposed in the FRIB project is a unique method for linac to drastically increase the low conversion efficiency. The method, unfortunately, is not applicable for the ring accelerators such as cyclotrons. In the present study, we designed high-efficient charge stripper rings which have applicability to the cyclotron cascade using the technical knowledge of gas stripper recently developed at the RIBF.
	Slides TUC02 [5.544 MB]
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TUC03	Extraction by Stripping in the IFNS-LNS Superconducting Cyclotron: Study of the Extraction Trajectories	160
	G. D'Agostino, L. Calabretta, A. Calanna, D. Rifuggiato INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	The INFN-LNS Superconducting Cyclotron will be upgraded to allow for the extraction by stripping for ion beams with masses below 40 amu. By choosing properly the position of the stripper, it is possible to convoy the trajectories of the selected representative ion beams across a new extraction channel (E.C.). Here we report the design study for the new E.C. and the simulations of the beam envelopes for a set of ions to find out the parameters of the magnetic channels necessary to focus and to steer the beams through the new extraction line. Two new compensation bars have been designed to compensate the first harmonic contribution of the new magnetic channels. The results of these simulations will be also presented.
	Slides TUC03 [2.909 MB]
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TUP01	Challenges of a Growing Installed Base and Pencil Beam Scanning Delivery in IBA Cyclone 230
	J. Brison, P. Cailliau, E. Forton, S. Thorson IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	IBAÂ’s Cyclone 230 is now installed and operated in more than 20 proton therapy centers worldwide and is delivering beam to treat patients with an uptime above 95%. The production and installation backlogs are still growing. The goal of this paper is to present and describe the latest developments delivered by IBA R&D and Operation teams to improve the robustness of the system over the years, from sourcing to assembly and testing, and to clinical operations. The first part of the paper will be dedicated to the technological R&D roadmap and to the new features implemented on the C230 which include, among others, the new Â“easy-removalÂ” electrostatic deflector, the yoke heating system, the new single cast yoke and the research work to increase the PIG ion source stability and lifetime. The second part of the paper will focus on the new challenges brought by Pencil Beam Scanning PBS in terms of requirements on the cyclotron stability and reproducibility and more specifically on the stability of the beam spot size and position after maintenance and during daily operations.
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TUP02	Cold Cathode Ion Source for IBA CYCLONE®230	164
	P. Cailliau, J.C. Amelia, J. Brison, E. Forton IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium M. Conjat, J. Mandrillon, P. Mandrillon AIMA, Nice, France
	At IBA, we use a P.I.G. floating cathode ion source for injection in the CYCLONE®230 cyclotron. The purpose of the project is to investigate how the pre-sent ion source could be replaced by a P.I.G. cold cathodes one with a longer lifetime. Experiments de-scribed in this article were done on a dedicated test setup to benchmark the different modes. A new chimney design has been developed to test cold cath-ode mode in CYCLONE®230 without any other me-chanical modifications.
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TUP03	Extraction System Design for the New IBA Cyclotron for PET Radioisotope Production	167
	W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E. Forton, E.K. Kral, B. Nactergal, V. Nuttens, S. Zaremba, J. van de Walle IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	At IBA, we have designed, constructed, tested and industrialized an innovative isochronous cyclotron for PET isotope production. The design has been optimized for costeffectiveness, compactness, ease of maintenance and high performances, with a particular emphasis on its application and market. Multiple target stations can be placed around the vacuum chamber. An innovative extraction method (patent applications pending) has been designed which allows to obtain the same extracted beam sizes and properties on the target window independent of the target number. This is achieved by proper design and shaping of the magnet poles. This magnetic design is discussed together with beam dynamics simulations and beam extraction tests on the first machine.
	Poster TUP03 [1.246 MB]
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TUP04	Magnet Design of the New IBA Cyclotron for PET Radio-isotope Production	170
	S. Zaremba, S. De Neuter, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, B. Nactergal, V. Nuttens, J. van de Walle IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	An innovative isochronous cyclotron for PET radioisotope production has been designed, constructed, tested and industrialized at Ion Beam Applications (IBA) [1]. This cyclotron (patent application pending) produces 18MeV proton beam and is called the Cyclone® KIUBE. The design has been optimized for cost-effectiveness, compactness, ease of maintenance and high performance, which are key elements considering its application in the dedicated market. Compared to the previous 18 MeV protons and 9 MeV deuteron machine from IBA, Cyclone® 18/9, the gap between the poles has been reduced from 30 to 24 mm and the method of shimming to obtain isochronous magnetic field has been reviewed thoroughly. In early 2016, the prototype Cyclone® KIUBE was successfully commissioned at the IBA factory and the observed proton beam intensity outperformed Cyclone® 18/9.
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TUP05	Installation and Commissioning of the First Cyclone®70p	173
	B. Nactergal, J.L. Delvaux, J.-M. Geets, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, T. Vanderlinden, R. Vigneron, S. Zaremba IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	In October 2013, IBA sold its first Cyclone®70p, ex-tracted 70 MeV proton machine to Zevacor Pharma, Indianapolis, IN, USA. This brand new machine combine the advantages of the design of the Cyclone®30 HC (1,5mA extracted beam) and the Cyclone®70 XP (multi-particle). Moreover, this high energy cyclotron has been optimized for H⁻ ions acceleration, activation reduction and long term beam production. The installation will be used for high power and long term irradiations of rubidium Rb targets to produce stron-tium 82Sr generator applied in the field of cardiac imaging. From cyclotron to beam lines and up to the target sta-tion, all subsystems have been reviewed to reach highest level of quality, reduce the activation (by the use of low activation material and reduction of beam losses) and finally optimized the maintenance. For that delivery, the machine will be equipped with 6 beam transport lines and 2 solid target station units. In June 2015, about 21 months after contract signature, the IBA Factory Acceptance Tests have been successfully performed in Belgium and the machine was shipped to Indianapolis, IN, USA to be installed in Customer factory cyclotron vault.
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TUP06	Design of the Cyclone®70p	175
	S. Zaremba, M. Abs, J.L. Delvaux, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, B. Nactergal, V. Nuttens, J. van de Walle IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	The IBA CYCLONE®70p is a high intensity 70 MeV proton-only cyclotron dedicated to the production of radioisotopes for PET generators and SPECT. The nominal power of the extracted beam goes above 50kW (750μA@70MeV). The proton-only cyclotron was developed based on the previous experience of the multi-particle Cyclone® 70XP running in Nantes, France. Numerical tools have been extensively used to optimize the magnetic field, to avoid potentially harmful resonances during acceleration and improve the acceleration efficiency of the cyclotron. In addition, electromagnetic and mechanical calculations permitted to obtain a low dissipated power and electromechanically robust design of the RF system. The vacuum computations have permitted to optimize the beam transmission, the placement and type of cryopumps. This new development of CYCLONE®70p was the initial part of the successfully finished IBA project also presented during this conference [1].
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TUP07	Commissioning and Testing of the First IBA S2C2	178
	S. Henrotin, M. Abs, E. Forton, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, P. Verbruggen, J. van de Walle IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	The first unit of the IBA superconducting synchrocyclotron (S2C2) has been installed in Nice, France, and is currently being commissioned. In this communication, we will present some issues encountered during the commissioning of our first synchrocyclotron for protontherapy. We will mainly focus on beam aspects, showing the influence of several machine parameters on beam properties like stability, energy and intensity.
	Poster TUP07 [1.403 MB]
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TUP08	The Use of Graphene as Stripper Foils in the Siemens Eclipse Cyclotron	181
	S. Korenev, R. Dishman, A. Martin Yebra Siemens Medical Solutions Molecular Imaging, Knoxville, TN, USA N.D. Meshcheryakov, I.B. Smirnov Siemens Healthcare, Moscow, Russia I. Pavlovsky ANI, Austin, USA
	This paper presents the results of an experimental study for the use of graphene foils as an extractor (stripper) foil in the 11-MeV Siemens Eclipse Cyclotron. The main advantage of graphene foils compared with carbon and graphite foils is its very high thermal conductivity. The graphene also has significant mechanical strength for atomically thin carbon layers. The life time of these foils is more than 1,8 times more in compare with specification. The graphene foils showed a significant increase in the transmission factor (the ratio of the beam current on the stripper foil to the current on the target), which was approximately 90%. The technology in fabricating these graphene foils is shown. The pros and cons of using the graphene material as a stripper foil in cyclotrons are analyzed.
	Poster TUP08 [1.510 MB]
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TUP09	Diagnostic Tool and Instrumentation for Handling 50 kW Beam Power	184
	P. Antonini, E. Boratto, A. Calore, D. Campo, J. Esposito, A. Lombardi, M. Maggiore, M. Poggi, L. Pranovi INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	The SPES facility is entered the commissioning phase and the 70 MeV cyclotron is delivering the proton beams at the maximum power permitted. The INFN team has developed additional beam instrumentation in order to stop the particles at different power allowing the tuning of the beamline and to check the particles losses during the transport. In particular, a beam dumper able to stop up to 55kW beam power has been constructed and tested as well as the beam loss monitor system by INFN team. Here we present the status of the beam instrumentations supplied by INFN and the results achieved during the test with the beam.
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TUP10	A New Concept of High Current Power Supply for the Main Cyclotron Magnet at TRIUMF	186
	S. Carrozza, F. Burini, E. Ferrari, M.P. Pretelli, G.T. Taddia OCEM, Valsamoggia, Italy M.C. Bastos, G. Hudson, Q. King, G. Le Godec CERN, Geneva, Switzerland I.V. Bylinskii, W. L. Louie, R.B. Nussbaumer TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	A sophisticated power supply was studied and de-signed to supply a high current to the main magnet of the TRIUMF cyclotron. The power supply will be operated with a current up to 20000 A in DC mode. It has been designed using a modular approach, with a 12-pulse input rectifier and two DC link which feeds sixteen DC/DC chopper modules in parallel connection. The conceived power supply integrates a sophisticated control and a precise current measurement chain devel-oped at CERN for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This paper presents the solution described in the de-sign report, the choice of the main purchased components which will lead to a final assembly and test before the end of 2016.
	Poster TUP10 [1.076 MB]
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TUP11	Developments of Ion Sources, LEBT and Injection Systems for Cyclotrons at RCNP	190
	T. Yorita, M. Fukuda, S. Hara, K. Hatanaka, K. Kamakura, H.W. Koay, T. Kume, S. Morinobu, T. Saito, R. Yamanoshita, Y. Yasuda RCNP, Osaka, Japan
	Developments of injection systems for cyclotrons at Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP) Osaka University have been carried recently in order to improve the high intense ions in MeV region. The additional glazer lens on axial injection of AVF cyclotron has been installed to expand the beam accectance of cyclotron. Additional buncher for the heavy ion injection like Xe beam which requires high voltage in comparison with proton case also has been installed. Extension of baffle slits on injection line of Ring Cyclotron also has been done to extend the flexibility of injection orbit. Modification of low energy beam transport (LEBT) from ion sources to AVF injection axis including the development of fast emittance monitors also has been carried. Each component works well.
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TUP12	High Accuracy Cyclotron Beam Energy Measurement using Cross-correlation Method	193
	A.M. Hendy, F.M. Alrumayan King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia H.A. Kassim, K. Kezzar KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
	Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP strategic technologies program in the kingdom. Award No. (14-MAT-1233-20) This work discusses a method to measure the protons energy from the CS 30 Cyclotron at KFSHRC. Using two Fast Current Transformers (FCT), particles' Time of Flight (ToF) can be accurately determined by using windowed cross-correlation method. Existing techniques use pulse width or edge delay measurement to get the ToF. The accuracy of these methods, however, is limited by sampling rate, signal level, noise, and distortion. By using Cross-Correlation and interpolation, on the other hand, a fractional delay measurement can be obtained, and the system works with low level signals, i.e. high S/N ratio. During experiments, time delay measured between the two signals was 9.4023 ns. By using relativistic equations cyclotron energy was calculated and found to be 25.99 MeV, bearing in mind that cyclotron energy (mentioned in the CS30 manual) is 26.5 MeV for protons. The difference between actual and calculated energy was <2%. Results will be further discussed and analyzed. S. Varnasseri et al., "Test Bench Experiments for Energy Measurement and Beam Loss of ESS-BILBAO", Proceedings of IBIC2013, Oxford, UK, 2013.
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TUP13	Magnetic Field Measurement System of CS-30 Cyclotron	196
	F.M. Alrumayan, A. Algaith, A.M. Hendy, J.F. Schneider King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia SA. AL-Ghamdi, H.A. Kassim KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
	Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP strategic technologies program in the kingdom. – Award No. (14-MAT-1233-20). The magnetic field of the CS-30 Cyclotron at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC) has been measured using Hall probe-based mapping system. Although the CS-30 Cyclotron was under full operation for 3 decades, yet, it was crucial to evaluate the stability of beam orbits, particularly after stripping the cyclotron coils and its three sectors. The rational for stripping magnetic component was to replace the pole tip seal underneath the frame. The Hall probe was mounted on a high precision X – Y stage, which was driven by three stepping motors, two motors for X – axis and one motor for Y – axis. The 3MH5 digital Teslameter is a high performance magnetic field measuring instrument, based on the Hall Effect magnetic field – to – voltage transducer. It has digital data correction to provide 0.01% accuracy and it provides the possibility of automatic data acquisition via USB port of our computer. Results have shown an average field of 1.8 T. Further results will be presented and discussed.
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TUP14	The Assembly and Adjustment of the Second Stripping Probe System for CYCIAE-100	199
	Shizhong. An, L.C. Cao, X.L. Fu, Z.G. Li, G.S. Liu, Y.L. Lv, G.F. Pan, Y. Wang, L.P. Wen, J.S. Xing, T.J. Zhang, Y.W. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A 100 MeV H⁻ compact cyclotron is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CYCIAE-100). The proton beams ranging from 75 MeV - 100 MeV with 200 μA beam intensity will be extracted in dual opposite direction by charge exchange stripping devices. The stripping probe system is the key part of extraction system for CYCIAE-100. The first stripping extraction system was installed in 2014 and it has satisfied all kinds of requirements for the proton beam extraction. The first 100 MeV proton beam was got on July 4, 2014 and the beam current was stably maintained at above 25 μA for about 9 hours on July 25, 2014. The first RIB with ISOL system driven by 100 MeV proton beam was generated in 2015. The second stripping system was installed in 2015 after the assembly and adjustment. The beam commissioning based on the second stripping system will be finished and the extracted proton beam parameters will be measured in detail in this year.
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TUP15	Control System Dedicated for Beam Line of Proton Radiography on 100 MeV Cyclotron CYCIAE-100	202
	Y.W. Zhang, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, S.M. Wei, J.J. Yang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	After the first beam on July 4 2014, CYCIAE-100's performance have been improved gradually and is ready for routine operation. There are 7 beam lines in total in the design stage, i.e. N1:ISOL, N2:isotope production, N3:beam dump, S1: single energy neutron, S2:white light neutron source, S3: radiobiological effect, S4:single event effect. The beam lines N2 and N3 were combined into one line during the construction. In the last two years, we propose to build to two new lines, one for principle verification of Proton Radiography, the other one for demonstration of proton therapy. Both of them are quite special. In this paper, a control system for the operation of the beam line of proton radiography, including the magnets, vacuum and water cooling, the beam intensity & profile diagnostics, and the imaging etc, will be presented.
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TUP16	The High Quality Water Cooling System for a 100 MeV Cyclotron	205
	Z.G. Li, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, G.G. Liu, J.Y. Wei, L.C. Wu, J.J. Yang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A high quality water cooling system with total heat power dissipation of 500 kW has been built and successfully used for a 100 MeV high intensity Cyclotron. The main features of this system are high water quality with specific conductivity bellow 0.5 μS/cm, high cooling water temperature stability better than ±0.1°C for long time operation and much electric power-saving in comparing with classical design. For some special usages, such as high beam power target and vacuum helium compressor, they all are well treated and reasonably separated from the main cooling system. There are totally 108 distributed water branches together for different sub-equipments of the cyclotron. At each branch, there are one water flow switch for safe interlock, one flow meter for monitoring, one temperature sensor for remote diagnostics. The water cooling system is under automatic control with PLC, and its operation status and all parameters can be remotely monitored from the control room. All of the involved equipments can be switched on/off by one key, no on-duty staff is needed at normal conditions. This system has been put into commissioning for two years and proved successful and reliable.
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TUP17	Preliminary Design of RF System for SC200 Superconducting Cyclotron	208
	G. Chen, Y.F. Bi, C. Chao, Y. Chen, K.Z. Ding, H. Feng, Y. Song, S.Y. Wang, M. Xu, Q. Yang, X. Zhang, J. Zheng, J. Zhou ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China O. Karamyshev, G.A. Karamysheva, N.A. Morozov, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The SC200 is a compact superconducting cyclotron, which is designed under the collaboration of ASIPP (Hefei, China)-JINR (Dubna, Russia), for proton therapy. The protons are accelerated to 200 Mev with maximum beam current of 500 nA. The very high mean magnetic field of 2.9T-3.5T (center-extraction) challenges the design of radio frequency (RF) system because of the restricted space. The orbital frequency of the protons is ~45 MHz according to the magnetic field and beam dynamics. The RF system is supposed to operate on 2rd harmonic of ~90 MHz. Two Dee cavities located at the valley of the magnet have been adopted. The preliminary design of RF system, which consists of active tuning, coupling and so on, is presented. The computation and simulation showed good results to ensure the Dee cavities operating at the 2rd harmonic and the proper variation of acceleration voltage versus radius.
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TUP19	Neural Network Based Generalized Predictive Control for RFT-30 Cyclotron System	212
	Y.B. Kong, M.G. Hur, E.J. Lee, J.H. Park, S.D. Yang KAERI, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea Y.D. Park Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
	Beamline tuning is time consuming and difficult work in accelerator system. In this work, we propose a neural generalized predictive control (NGPC) approach for the RFT-30 cyclotron beamline. The proposed approach performs system identification with the NN model and finds the control parameters for the beamline. Performance results show that the proposed approach helps to predict optimal parameters without real experiments with the accelerator.
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TUP22	PLC Control System for Vacuum and 20 Kw RF Amplifier	215
	H.S. Kim, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP:Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) (NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096) Since 2014, the Sungkyunkwan University has been upgrade 10 MeV cyclotron (SKKUCY-10) prototype for producing radio isotopes. For stable and robust cyclotron operation, local controller is main issue. Especially, RF and Vacuum is main part for control system and each sub system fault result in damage to the other sub systems. To solve those problem, we integrate RF amplifier and vacu-um local controller by LS PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers). Integrated Interlock event is also processed at one controller. This paper describe system requirement for RF amplifier and vacuum and discuss the detailed design and software development by PLC programming at SKKUCY -10
	Poster TUP22 [1.458 MB]
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TUP23	Development of Magnetic Field Measurement Instrumentation for 10 MeV Cyclotron	218
	H. Namgoong, J.-S. Chai, H.J. Choi, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, W.J. Jun, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	To produce a radio isotope for Positron Emission To-mography (PET), 10 MeV compact Cyclotron was in-stalled at Sungkyunkwan University. This cyclotron had been produced 10 MeV proton beam. For this cyclotron magnet, the magnetic field measurement instrumentation was being developed. The hall probe sensor was used for field measurement. This hall probe sensor moves radial direction and angular direction by mechanically. The Magnetic field measurement instrumentation measures the field in the range of 5 mm for radial direction and 1 degree for angular direction. Magnetic field was measured with and without cooling. Magnetic field was carried with 4 Gauss without cooling and 0.1 Gauss with cooling. Our developed magnetic field measurement instrumentation has 0.1 Gauss of an error and 0.01 Gauss of resolution over 9 hours.
	Poster TUP23 [14.585 MB]
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TUP25	The Methods of Compensation of the Beam Vertical Divergence at the Exit of Spiral Inflector in Cyclotrons	221
	I.A. Ivanenko JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	While the axial injection into the cyclotron, the beam is turned from axial direction into median plane by means of inflector. Commonly used type of inflector is an electrostatic spiral inflector. The spiral inflector is easy to handle and has a good beam transmission factor. On the other hand, the negative feature of spiral inflector is the beam vertical divergence at the exit of inflector. It leads to increasing of beam vertical dimension and aperture losses at the first orbits. The methods of compensation of the beam vertical divergence at the inflector exit are considered at present report. This methods are used at FLNR JINR cyclotrons and give a good results in transmission factor, beam quality and operation modes.
	Poster TUP25 [0.521 MB]
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TUP26	Axial Injection Channel of IPHC Cyclotron TR24 and Possibility of Ion Beam Bunching	224
	N.Yu. Kazarinov, I.A. Ivanenko JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia F.R. Osswald IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
	The CYRCé cyclotron (CYclotron pour la ReCherche et l'Enseignement) is used at IPHC (Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien) for the production of radio-isotopes for diagnostics and medical treatments. The TR24 cyclotron produced and commercialized by ACSI (Canada) delivers a 16-25 MeV proton beam with intensity from few nA up to 500 microA. The bunching of the H⁻ ion beam by means of multi harmonic buncher is considered in this report. The buncher may be installed in the axial injection beam line of the cyclotron. The using of the greed-less multi harmonic buncher will give opportunity to new proton beam applications and to increase the accelerated beam current. The main parameters of the sinusoidal (one-harmonic) and multi harmonic bunchers are evaluated.
	Poster TUP26 [0.210 MB]
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TUP27	The Design of the Medical Cyclotron RF Cavity	227
	X.W. Wang, F. Yong, R. Zhang IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	In the cyclotron, RF system as an essential component provides energy for the ions is accelerated. However, the RF cavity is the most important equipment which produced the accelerating field. According to the physical requirements, RF cavity, the resonant frequency of that is 31.02 MHz, was designed in the paper.
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WEB02	Hybrid Configuration, Solid State-Tube, Revamps an Obsolete Tube Amplifier for the INFB K-800 Superconducting Cyclotron	263
	A.C. Caruso, F. Caruso, A. Longhitano, A. Spartà INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy G. Primadei CERN, Geneva, Switzerland J. Sura Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland
	An insertion of a solid state amplifier is substituting the obsolete first stage of a full tube RF power amplifier. The amplifier is based on two tube stages. The first, equipped by a tetrode, the RS1054, was being manufactured by Thales until a couple of years ago. Some spare parts have been ordered but not enough to guarantee smooth cyclotron operation for the next few years. It was necessary to come up with a new solution. We were basically at a crossroad: replace the first stage with another tube still in production or change the technology from tube to solid state. A study, from market research to the technology point of view was carried out and the final decision was to use a solid state stage as an innovative solution for this kind of power vs frequency range of operation. The prototype of this hybrid amplifier has been in operation with our cyclotron since January 2015. The details of these decisions, the description of the modified amplifier (solid state – tube) and the successful results of this hybrid configuration will be shown in this presentation.
	Slides WEB02 [3.178 MB]
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WEB03	Design and Simulation of Cavity for 18 MeV Cyclotron	267
	M. Mousavinia, H. Afarideh AUT, Tehran, Iran M. Ghergherehchi SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	RF system is the key part of cyclotron and cavity is the key part of RF system. The basic parameters of cavity design are the resonant frequency , dee voltage , RF phase and RF power. Proper operation of cavity depends on the suitable voltage distribution in accelerating gap, phase stability in cavity and as well as optimal scattering parameters. In this simulation by using CST MWS, different parts of cavity such as stam and dee are optimized to achieved optimum dimesnsions for desired resonant freq, dee voltage and RF power. Properties of designed cavity including: resonant frequency at 64.3 MHz, dee voltage is 45 kV and RF power is 11 kW.
	Slides WEB03 [3.767 MB]
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THB01	The S2C2: From Source to Extraction	285
	J. van de Walle, M. Abs, E. Forton, S. Henrotin, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, P. Verbruggen IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium M. Conjat, J. Mandrillon, P. Mandrillon AIMA, Nice, France
	Apart from being the first constructed superconducting accelerator, the S2C2 is also the first synchro-cyclotron at IBA. To study the beam dynamics, new computational tools had to be developed dealing with much larger number of turns, the longitudinal capture in the central region and the regenerative extraction. The S2C2 is a medical accelerator requiring a precise control of the beam characteristics so a deep understanding of beam dynamics is mandatory. Our simulation strategy allows to gain important insight in the acceleration process and beam characteristics: the beam emittance and energy spread, beam losses, effects of coil misalignments, median plane errors, resonances, etc. The simulation tools are split in three parts. At first, protons are tracked from the source up to about 3 MeV with the in-house tracking code AOC. In a second part, only the energy, RF phase and orbit centers are tracked as a function of time. Finally, a detailed tracking from 225 MeV up to extraction is performed with AOC. Simulations are compared to experimental observations during in-factory testing and commissioning of the first S2C2 installed in Nice, France.
	Slides THB01 [2.574 MB]
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THB02	The Ionetix ION-12SC Compact Superconducting Cyclotron for Production of Medical Isotopes	290
	J.J. Vincent, G.F. Blosser, G.S. Horner, K. Stevens, N.R. Usher, X. Wu Ionetix, Lansing, Michigan, USA V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	A 12.5 MeV, 25 μA, proton compact superconducting cyclotron for medical isotope production has been produced. The machine is initially aimed at producing 13N ammonia for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) cardiology applications. With an ultra-compact size and cost-effective price point, this system offers clinicians unprecedented access to the preferred radiopharmaceutical isotope for cardiac PET imaging. A systems approach that carefully balanced the subsystem requirements coupled to precise beam dynamics calculations was followed. The system is designed to irradiate a liquid target internal to the cyclotron and to minimize the need for radiation shielding. The overall engineering, construction, commissioning, and experience at the first customer site will be described here.
	Slides THB02 [2.522 MB]
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THB03	Development of HTS Magnets for Accelerators	294
	K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, S. Hara, K. Kamakura, K. Shimada, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita RCNP, Osaka, Japan H. Ueda Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
	At RCNP, we have been developing magnets utilizing first generation HTS wire for this decade. HTS materials have advantages over LTS materials. Magnets can be operated at 20 K or higher temperature and cooled by cryocoolers. The cooling structure becomes simpler and the cooling power of a cooler is high. Owing to a large margin in operating temperature, it is possible to excite HTS magnets by AC or pulsed currents without quenching. Three model magnets were fabricated; a mirror coil for an ECR ion source, two sets of race track coils for a scanning magnet, and a 3T super-ferric dipole magnet having a negative curvature. They were excited with AC and pulse currents as well as DC currents and their performance was investigated. After successful tests of proto type models, two magnets have been fabricated for practical use. A cylindrical magnet generates a magnetic field higher than 3.5 T at the center to polarized 210 neV ultra cold neutrons. A dipole magnet is excited by pulse currents in order to deliver accelerated beams to two target stations by time sharing. Their design and operational performance are discussed.
	Slides THB03 [5.621 MB]
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THB04	Status of Hydrogen Ion Sources at PKU	297
	S.X. Peng, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, H.T. Ren, J.M. Wen, W.B. Wu, Y. Xu, A.L. Zhang, J.F. Zhang, T. Zhang PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China A.L. Zhang University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China No. 2014CB845502 and the National Science Foundation of China No. 91126004, 11175009 and 11305004. Cyclotrons are quite often to be used to accelerate different hydrogen ion beams with high intensity for different purposes around the World. At Peking University (PKU), special efforts were made on developing compact 2.45 GHz microwave driven ion sources with permanent magnets to generate high intensity H⁺, H²⁺, H³⁺ and H⁻ ion beams as well as other ion beams. For the positive ion beam, we can easily produce a 120 mA hydrogen ion beam with H⁺ fraction higher than 92% with a PKU standard 2.45 GHz ECR ion source. Its diameter is about 100 mm, its hight is about 100 mm. Also we have got 40 mA H²⁺ beam and 20 mA H³⁺ beam with a specific designed 2.45 GHz ECR ion source under different operation condition. The fractions of H²⁺ and H³⁺ are higher than 50% within the mixed hydrogen ion beams for each case. Recently, a Cs-free volume H⁻ source based on 2.45 GHz microwave was developed successfully in our lab. It can generate 45 mA H⁻ beam with duty factor of 10% and a 29 mA beam at DC mode at 35 keV. Its operation duty factor can vary from 1% to 100% and its power efficiency is about 20 mA/kW. Details of these sources will be presented in the paper.
	Slides THB04 [4.466 MB]
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FRA01	Single Stage Cyclotron for an ADS Demonstrator	387
	P. Mandrillon, M. Conjat AIMA, Nice, France
	In order to cope with the challenge of an industrial ADS driver demonstrator in the range of 3 to 4 MWatt nominal driving power, it is mandatory to propose an accelerator design able to address highly demanding criteria which are a challenge for high power accelerator designers: the number of beam trips per year and the mean down-time per beam interruption should be drastically reduced. Taking into account the outstanding performances of the PSI ring cyclotrons, it is clear that cyclotrons are competitive challengers to high power linacs. The preliminary design studies of the Single Stage Cyclotron Driver of the AIMA Company could be an attractive solution in terms of cost effectiveness, reliability and power efficiency. Some critical aspects of this design will be presented in this paper.
	Slides FRA01 [5.907 MB]
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Paper

Title

Page

MOC02

Integration of an Electrostatic Field with Several MV/m into a Large-Gap Dipole Magnet

J. Böker, U. Bechstedt, R. Gebel, S. Quilitzsch
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

The standard model predicts a non-vanishing permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) for fundamental particles that is too small to be measured with today's technology. Thus, the measurement would be a hint to physics beyond the standard model. Precursor experiments are currently developed and carried out at the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) that eventually will lead to a dedicated storage ring for the measurement of the charged particles' EDM. An EDM ring necessitates the combination of magnetic and electric fields. As the EDM measurement relies on a specific spin motion, electric fields have to compensate (~7 MV/m) the spin precession due to the magnetic fields (~0.2 T). A large-gap dipole magnet is currently equipped with 1 m x 0.1 m large capacitor plates. The setup will be used to study the behavior of dark current in the vicinity of moderate magnetic fields. Moreover, diagnostics will be validated that detect and measure the dark current and the electric field.

Slides MOC02 [9.426 MB]

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TUC02

Charge Stripper Ring for Cyclotron Cascade

155

H. Imao
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
N. Fukunishi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, H. Okuno, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, K. Yamada, Y. Yano
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

In the multi-stage acceleration of heavy ions such as the acceleration at the RIKEN RI beam factory (RIBF), the electron stripping process with charge strippers is an inevitable process for the efficient acceleration. Typical efficiencies, however, for the charge-state conversion of very heavy ions are about 15-30% with common charge strippers. Actually, the total efficiency of two charge strippers for the uranium acceleration at the RIBF is only 6%. The low conversion efficiency is an important bottleneck for the intensity upgrade. Multi-charge acceleration proposed in the FRIB project is a unique method for linac to drastically increase the low conversion efficiency. The method, unfortunately, is not applicable for the ring accelerators such as cyclotrons. In the present study, we designed high-efficient charge stripper rings which have applicability to the cyclotron cascade using the technical knowledge of gas stripper recently developed at the RIBF.

Slides TUC02 [5.544 MB]

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TUC03

Extraction by Stripping in the IFNS-LNS Superconducting Cyclotron: Study of the Extraction Trajectories

160

G. D'Agostino, L. Calabretta, A. Calanna, D. Rifuggiato
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

The INFN-LNS Superconducting Cyclotron will be upgraded to allow for the extraction by stripping for ion beams with masses below 40 amu. By choosing properly the position of the stripper, it is possible to convoy the trajectories of the selected representative ion beams across a new extraction channel (E.C.). Here we report the design study for the new E.C. and the simulations of the beam envelopes for a set of ions to find out the parameters of the magnetic channels necessary to focus and to steer the beams through the new extraction line. Two new compensation bars have been designed to compensate the first harmonic contribution of the new magnetic channels. The results of these simulations will be also presented.

Slides TUC03 [2.909 MB]

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TUP01

Challenges of a Growing Installed Base and Pencil Beam Scanning Delivery in IBA Cyclone 230

J. Brison, P. Cailliau, E. Forton, S. Thorson
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

IBAÂ’s Cyclone 230 is now installed and operated in more than 20 proton therapy centers worldwide and is delivering beam to treat patients with an uptime above 95%. The production and installation backlogs are still growing. The goal of this paper is to present and describe the latest developments delivered by IBA R&D and Operation teams to improve the robustness of the system over the years, from sourcing to assembly and testing, and to clinical operations. The first part of the paper will be dedicated to the technological R&D roadmap and to the new features implemented on the C230 which include, among others, the new Â“easy-removalÂ” electrostatic deflector, the yoke heating system, the new single cast yoke and the research work to increase the PIG ion source stability and lifetime. The second part of the paper will focus on the new challenges brought by Pencil Beam Scanning PBS in terms of requirements on the cyclotron stability and reproducibility and more specifically on the stability of the beam spot size and position after maintenance and during daily operations.

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TUP02

Cold Cathode Ion Source for IBA CYCLONE®230

164

P. Cailliau, J.C. Amelia, J. Brison, E. Forton
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
M. Conjat, J. Mandrillon, P. Mandrillon
AIMA, Nice, France

At IBA, we use a P.I.G. floating cathode ion source for injection in the CYCLONE®230 cyclotron. The purpose of the project is to investigate how the pre-sent ion source could be replaced by a P.I.G. cold cathodes one with a longer lifetime. Experiments de-scribed in this article were done on a dedicated test setup to benchmark the different modes. A new chimney design has been developed to test cold cath-ode mode in CYCLONE®230 without any other me-chanical modifications.

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TUP03

Extraction System Design for the New IBA Cyclotron for PET Radioisotope Production

167

W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E. Forton, E.K. Kral, B. Nactergal, V. Nuttens, S. Zaremba, J. van de Walle
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

At IBA, we have designed, constructed, tested and industrialized an innovative isochronous cyclotron for PET isotope production. The design has been optimized for costeffectiveness, compactness, ease of maintenance and high performances, with a particular emphasis on its application and market. Multiple target stations can be placed around the vacuum chamber. An innovative extraction method (patent applications pending) has been designed which allows to obtain the same extracted beam sizes and properties on the target window independent of the target number. This is achieved by proper design and shaping of the magnet poles. This magnetic design is discussed together with beam dynamics simulations and beam extraction tests on the first machine.

Poster TUP03 [1.246 MB]

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TUP04

Magnet Design of the New IBA Cyclotron for PET Radio-isotope Production

170

S. Zaremba, S. De Neuter, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, B. Nactergal, V. Nuttens, J. van de Walle
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

An innovative isochronous cyclotron for PET radioisotope production has been designed, constructed, tested and industrialized at Ion Beam Applications (IBA) [1]. This cyclotron (patent application pending) produces 18MeV proton beam and is called the Cyclone® KIUBE. The design has been optimized for cost-effectiveness, compactness, ease of maintenance and high performance, which are key elements considering its application in the dedicated market. Compared to the previous 18 MeV protons and 9 MeV deuteron machine from IBA, Cyclone® 18/9, the gap between the poles has been reduced from 30 to 24 mm and the method of shimming to obtain isochronous magnetic field has been reviewed thoroughly. In early 2016, the prototype Cyclone® KIUBE was successfully commissioned at the IBA factory and the observed proton beam intensity outperformed Cyclone® 18/9.

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TUP05

Installation and Commissioning of the First Cyclone®70p

173

B. Nactergal, J.L. Delvaux, J.-M. Geets, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, T. Vanderlinden, R. Vigneron, S. Zaremba
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

In October 2013, IBA sold its first Cyclone®70p, ex-tracted 70 MeV proton machine to Zevacor Pharma, Indianapolis, IN, USA. This brand new machine combine the advantages of the design of the Cyclone®30 HC (1,5mA extracted beam) and the Cyclone®70 XP (multi-particle). Moreover, this high energy cyclotron has been optimized for H⁻ ions acceleration, activation reduction and long term beam production. The installation will be used for high power and long term irradiations of rubidium Rb targets to produce stron-tium 82Sr generator applied in the field of cardiac imaging. From cyclotron to beam lines and up to the target sta-tion, all subsystems have been reviewed to reach highest level of quality, reduce the activation (by the use of low activation material and reduction of beam losses) and finally optimized the maintenance. For that delivery, the machine will be equipped with 6 beam transport lines and 2 solid target station units. In June 2015, about 21 months after contract signature, the IBA Factory Acceptance Tests have been successfully performed in Belgium and the machine was shipped to Indianapolis, IN, USA to be installed in Customer factory cyclotron vault.

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TUP06

Design of the Cyclone®70p

175

S. Zaremba, M. Abs, J.L. Delvaux, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, B. Nactergal, V. Nuttens, J. van de Walle
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

The IBA CYCLONE®70p is a high intensity 70 MeV proton-only cyclotron dedicated to the production of radioisotopes for PET generators and SPECT. The nominal power of the extracted beam goes above 50kW (750μA@70MeV). The proton-only cyclotron was developed based on the previous experience of the multi-particle Cyclone® 70XP running in Nantes, France. Numerical tools have been extensively used to optimize the magnetic field, to avoid potentially harmful resonances during acceleration and improve the acceleration efficiency of the cyclotron. In addition, electromagnetic and mechanical calculations permitted to obtain a low dissipated power and electromechanically robust design of the RF system. The vacuum computations have permitted to optimize the beam transmission, the placement and type of cryopumps. This new development of CYCLONE®70p was the initial part of the successfully finished IBA project also presented during this conference [1].

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TUP07

Commissioning and Testing of the First IBA S2C2

178

S. Henrotin, M. Abs, E. Forton, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, P. Verbruggen, J. van de Walle
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

The first unit of the IBA superconducting synchrocyclotron (S2C2) has been installed in Nice, France, and is currently being commissioned. In this communication, we will present some issues encountered during the commissioning of our first synchrocyclotron for protontherapy. We will mainly focus on beam aspects, showing the influence of several machine parameters on beam properties like stability, energy and intensity.

Poster TUP07 [1.403 MB]

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TUP08

The Use of Graphene as Stripper Foils in the Siemens Eclipse Cyclotron

181

S. Korenev, R. Dishman, A. Martin Yebra
Siemens Medical Solutions Molecular Imaging, Knoxville, TN, USA
N.D. Meshcheryakov, I.B. Smirnov
Siemens Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
I. Pavlovsky
ANI, Austin, USA

This paper presents the results of an experimental study for the use of graphene foils as an extractor (stripper) foil in the 11-MeV Siemens Eclipse Cyclotron. The main advantage of graphene foils compared with carbon and graphite foils is its very high thermal conductivity. The graphene also has significant mechanical strength for atomically thin carbon layers. The life time of these foils is more than 1,8 times more in compare with specification. The graphene foils showed a significant increase in the transmission factor (the ratio of the beam current on the stripper foil to the current on the target), which was approximately 90%. The technology in fabricating these graphene foils is shown. The pros and cons of using the graphene material as a stripper foil in cyclotrons are analyzed.

Poster TUP08 [1.510 MB]

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TUP09

Diagnostic Tool and Instrumentation for Handling 50 kW Beam Power

184

P. Antonini, E. Boratto, A. Calore, D. Campo, J. Esposito, A. Lombardi, M. Maggiore, M. Poggi, L. Pranovi
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

The SPES facility is entered the commissioning phase and the 70 MeV cyclotron is delivering the proton beams at the maximum power permitted. The INFN team has developed additional beam instrumentation in order to stop the particles at different power allowing the tuning of the beamline and to check the particles losses during the transport. In particular, a beam dumper able to stop up to 55kW beam power has been constructed and tested as well as the beam loss monitor system by INFN team. Here we present the status of the beam instrumentations supplied by INFN and the results achieved during the test with the beam.

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TUP10

A New Concept of High Current Power Supply for the Main Cyclotron Magnet at TRIUMF

186

S. Carrozza, F. Burini, E. Ferrari, M.P. Pretelli, G.T. Taddia
OCEM, Valsamoggia, Italy
M.C. Bastos, G. Hudson, Q. King, G. Le Godec
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
I.V. Bylinskii, W. L. Louie, R.B. Nussbaumer
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

A sophisticated power supply was studied and de-signed to supply a high current to the main magnet of the TRIUMF cyclotron. The power supply will be operated with a current up to 20000 A in DC mode. It has been designed using a modular approach, with a 12-pulse input rectifier and two DC link which feeds sixteen DC/DC chopper modules in parallel connection. The conceived power supply integrates a sophisticated control and a precise current measurement chain devel-oped at CERN for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This paper presents the solution described in the de-sign report, the choice of the main purchased components which will lead to a final assembly and test before the end of 2016.

Poster TUP10 [1.076 MB]

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TUP11

Developments of Ion Sources, LEBT and Injection Systems for Cyclotrons at RCNP

190

T. Yorita, M. Fukuda, S. Hara, K. Hatanaka, K. Kamakura, H.W. Koay, T. Kume, S. Morinobu, T. Saito, R. Yamanoshita, Y. Yasuda
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

Developments of injection systems for cyclotrons at Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP) Osaka University have been carried recently in order to improve the high intense ions in MeV region. The additional glazer lens on axial injection of AVF cyclotron has been installed to expand the beam accectance of cyclotron. Additional buncher for the heavy ion injection like Xe beam which requires high voltage in comparison with proton case also has been installed. Extension of baffle slits on injection line of Ring Cyclotron also has been done to extend the flexibility of injection orbit. Modification of low energy beam transport (LEBT) from ion sources to AVF injection axis including the development of fast emittance monitors also has been carried. Each component works well.

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TUP12

High Accuracy Cyclotron Beam Energy Measurement using Cross-correlation Method

193

A.M. Hendy, F.M. Alrumayan
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
H.A. Kassim, K. Kezzar
KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP strategic technologies program in the kingdom. Award No. (14-MAT-1233-20)
This work discusses a method to measure the protons energy from the CS 30 Cyclotron at KFSHRC. Using two Fast Current Transformers (FCT), particles' Time of Flight (ToF) can be accurately determined by using windowed cross-correlation method. Existing techniques use pulse width or edge delay measurement to get the ToF. The accuracy of these methods, however, is limited by sampling rate, signal level, noise, and distortion. By using Cross-Correlation and interpolation, on the other hand, a fractional delay measurement can be obtained, and the system works with low level signals, i.e. high S/N ratio. During experiments, time delay measured between the two signals was 9.4023 ns. By using relativistic equations cyclotron energy was calculated and found to be 25.99 MeV, bearing in mind that cyclotron energy (mentioned in the CS30 manual) is 26.5 MeV for protons. The difference between actual and calculated energy was <2%. Results will be further discussed and analyzed.
S. Varnasseri et al., "Test Bench Experiments for Energy Measurement and Beam Loss of ESS-BILBAO", Proceedings of IBIC2013, Oxford, UK, 2013.

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TUP13

Magnetic Field Measurement System of CS-30 Cyclotron

196

F.M. Alrumayan, A. Algaith, A.M. Hendy, J.F. Schneider
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
SA. AL-Ghamdi, H.A. Kassim
KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP strategic technologies program in the kingdom. – Award No. (14-MAT-1233-20).
The magnetic field of the CS-30 Cyclotron at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC) has been measured using Hall probe-based mapping system. Although the CS-30 Cyclotron was under full operation for 3 decades, yet, it was crucial to evaluate the stability of beam orbits, particularly after stripping the cyclotron coils and its three sectors. The rational for stripping magnetic component was to replace the pole tip seal underneath the frame. The Hall probe was mounted on a high precision X – Y stage, which was driven by three stepping motors, two motors for X – axis and one motor for Y – axis. The 3MH5 digital Teslameter is a high performance magnetic field measuring instrument, based on the Hall Effect magnetic field – to – voltage transducer. It has digital data correction to provide 0.01% accuracy and it provides the possibility of automatic data acquisition via USB port of our computer. Results have shown an average field of 1.8 T. Further results will be presented and discussed.

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TUP14

The Assembly and Adjustment of the Second Stripping Probe System for CYCIAE-100

199

Shizhong. An, L.C. Cao, X.L. Fu, Z.G. Li, G.S. Liu, Y.L. Lv, G.F. Pan, Y. Wang, L.P. Wen, J.S. Xing, T.J. Zhang, Y.W. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A 100 MeV H⁻ compact cyclotron is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CYCIAE-100). The proton beams ranging from 75 MeV - 100 MeV with 200 μA beam intensity will be extracted in dual opposite direction by charge exchange stripping devices. The stripping probe system is the key part of extraction system for CYCIAE-100. The first stripping extraction system was installed in 2014 and it has satisfied all kinds of requirements for the proton beam extraction. The first 100 MeV proton beam was got on July 4, 2014 and the beam current was stably maintained at above 25 μA for about 9 hours on July 25, 2014. The first RIB with ISOL system driven by 100 MeV proton beam was generated in 2015. The second stripping system was installed in 2015 after the assembly and adjustment. The beam commissioning based on the second stripping system will be finished and the extracted proton beam parameters will be measured in detail in this year.

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TUP15

Control System Dedicated for Beam Line of Proton Radiography on 100 MeV Cyclotron CYCIAE-100

202

Y.W. Zhang, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, S.M. Wei, J.J. Yang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

After the first beam on July 4 2014, CYCIAE-100's performance have been improved gradually and is ready for routine operation. There are 7 beam lines in total in the design stage, i.e. N1:ISOL, N2:isotope production, N3:beam dump, S1: single energy neutron, S2:white light neutron source, S3: radiobiological effect, S4:single event effect. The beam lines N2 and N3 were combined into one line during the construction. In the last two years, we propose to build to two new lines, one for principle verification of Proton Radiography, the other one for demonstration of proton therapy. Both of them are quite special. In this paper, a control system for the operation of the beam line of proton radiography, including the magnets, vacuum and water cooling, the beam intensity & profile diagnostics, and the imaging etc, will be presented.

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TUP16

The High Quality Water Cooling System for a 100 MeV Cyclotron

205

Z.G. Li, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, G.G. Liu, J.Y. Wei, L.C. Wu, J.J. Yang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A high quality water cooling system with total heat power dissipation of 500 kW has been built and successfully used for a 100 MeV high intensity Cyclotron. The main features of this system are high water quality with specific conductivity bellow 0.5 μS/cm, high cooling water temperature stability better than ±0.1°C for long time operation and much electric power-saving in comparing with classical design. For some special usages, such as high beam power target and vacuum helium compressor, they all are well treated and reasonably separated from the main cooling system. There are totally 108 distributed water branches together for different sub-equipments of the cyclotron. At each branch, there are one water flow switch for safe interlock, one flow meter for monitoring, one temperature sensor for remote diagnostics. The water cooling system is under automatic control with PLC, and its operation status and all parameters can be remotely monitored from the control room. All of the involved equipments can be switched on/off by one key, no on-duty staff is needed at normal conditions. This system has been put into commissioning for two years and proved successful and reliable.

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TUP17

Preliminary Design of RF System for SC200 Superconducting Cyclotron

208

G. Chen, Y.F. Bi, C. Chao, Y. Chen, K.Z. Ding, H. Feng, Y. Song, S.Y. Wang, M. Xu, Q. Yang, X. Zhang, J. Zheng, J. Zhou
ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
O. Karamyshev, G.A. Karamysheva, N.A. Morozov, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The SC200 is a compact superconducting cyclotron, which is designed under the collaboration of ASIPP (Hefei, China)-JINR (Dubna, Russia), for proton therapy. The protons are accelerated to 200 Mev with maximum beam current of 500 nA. The very high mean magnetic field of 2.9T-3.5T (center-extraction) challenges the design of radio frequency (RF) system because of the restricted space. The orbital frequency of the protons is ~45 MHz according to the magnetic field and beam dynamics. The RF system is supposed to operate on 2rd harmonic of ~90 MHz. Two Dee cavities located at the valley of the magnet have been adopted. The preliminary design of RF system, which consists of active tuning, coupling and so on, is presented. The computation and simulation showed good results to ensure the Dee cavities operating at the 2rd harmonic and the proper variation of acceleration voltage versus radius.

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TUP19

Neural Network Based Generalized Predictive Control for RFT-30 Cyclotron System

212

Y.B. Kong, M.G. Hur, E.J. Lee, J.H. Park, S.D. Yang
KAERI, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
Y.D. Park
Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea

Beamline tuning is time consuming and difficult work in accelerator system. In this work, we propose a neural generalized predictive control (NGPC) approach for the RFT-30 cyclotron beamline. The proposed approach performs system identification with the NN model and finds the control parameters for the beamline. Performance results show that the proposed approach helps to predict optimal parameters without real experiments with the accelerator.

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TUP22

PLC Control System for Vacuum and 20 Kw RF Amplifier

215

H.S. Kim, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP:Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) (NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096)
Since 2014, the Sungkyunkwan University has been upgrade 10 MeV cyclotron (SKKUCY-10) prototype for producing radio isotopes. For stable and robust cyclotron operation, local controller is main issue. Especially, RF and Vacuum is main part for control system and each sub system fault result in damage to the other sub systems. To solve those problem, we integrate RF amplifier and vacu-um local controller by LS PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers). Integrated Interlock event is also processed at one controller. This paper describe system requirement for RF amplifier and vacuum and discuss the detailed design and software development by PLC programming at SKKUCY -10

Poster TUP22 [1.458 MB]

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TUP23

Development of Magnetic Field Measurement Instrumentation for 10 MeV Cyclotron

218

H. Namgoong, J.-S. Chai, H.J. Choi, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, W.J. Jun, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

To produce a radio isotope for Positron Emission To-mography (PET), 10 MeV compact Cyclotron was in-stalled at Sungkyunkwan University. This cyclotron had been produced 10 MeV proton beam. For this cyclotron magnet, the magnetic field measurement instrumentation was being developed. The hall probe sensor was used for field measurement. This hall probe sensor moves radial direction and angular direction by mechanically. The Magnetic field measurement instrumentation measures the field in the range of 5 mm for radial direction and 1 degree for angular direction. Magnetic field was measured with and without cooling. Magnetic field was carried with 4 Gauss without cooling and 0.1 Gauss with cooling. Our developed magnetic field measurement instrumentation has 0.1 Gauss of an error and 0.01 Gauss of resolution over 9 hours.

Poster TUP23 [14.585 MB]

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TUP25

The Methods of Compensation of the Beam Vertical Divergence at the Exit of Spiral Inflector in Cyclotrons

221

I.A. Ivanenko
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

While the axial injection into the cyclotron, the beam is turned from axial direction into median plane by means of inflector. Commonly used type of inflector is an electrostatic spiral inflector. The spiral inflector is easy to handle and has a good beam transmission factor. On the other hand, the negative feature of spiral inflector is the beam vertical divergence at the exit of inflector. It leads to increasing of beam vertical dimension and aperture losses at the first orbits. The methods of compensation of the beam vertical divergence at the inflector exit are considered at present report. This methods are used at FLNR JINR cyclotrons and give a good results in transmission factor, beam quality and operation modes.

Poster TUP25 [0.521 MB]

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TUP26

Axial Injection Channel of IPHC Cyclotron TR24 and Possibility of Ion Beam Bunching

224

N.Yu. Kazarinov, I.A. Ivanenko
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
F.R. Osswald
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France

The CYRCé cyclotron (CYclotron pour la ReCherche et l'Enseignement) is used at IPHC (Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien) for the production of radio-isotopes for diagnostics and medical treatments. The TR24 cyclotron produced and commercialized by ACSI (Canada) delivers a 16-25 MeV proton beam with intensity from few nA up to 500 microA. The bunching of the H⁻ ion beam by means of multi harmonic buncher is considered in this report. The buncher may be installed in the axial injection beam line of the cyclotron. The using of the greed-less multi harmonic buncher will give opportunity to new proton beam applications and to increase the accelerated beam current. The main parameters of the sinusoidal (one-harmonic) and multi harmonic bunchers are evaluated.

Poster TUP26 [0.210 MB]

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TUP27

The Design of the Medical Cyclotron RF Cavity

227

X.W. Wang, F. Yong, R. Zhang
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

In the cyclotron, RF system as an essential component provides energy for the ions is accelerated. However, the RF cavity is the most important equipment which produced the accelerating field. According to the physical requirements, RF cavity, the resonant frequency of that is 31.02 MHz, was designed in the paper.

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WEB02

Hybrid Configuration, Solid State-Tube, Revamps an Obsolete Tube Amplifier for the INFB K-800 Superconducting Cyclotron

263

A.C. Caruso, F. Caruso, A. Longhitano, A. Spartà
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
G. Primadei
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
J. Sura
Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland

An insertion of a solid state amplifier is substituting the obsolete first stage of a full tube RF power amplifier. The amplifier is based on two tube stages. The first, equipped by a tetrode, the RS1054, was being manufactured by Thales until a couple of years ago. Some spare parts have been ordered but not enough to guarantee smooth cyclotron operation for the next few years. It was necessary to come up with a new solution. We were basically at a crossroad: replace the first stage with another tube still in production or change the technology from tube to solid state. A study, from market research to the technology point of view was carried out and the final decision was to use a solid state stage as an innovative solution for this kind of power vs frequency range of operation. The prototype of this hybrid amplifier has been in operation with our cyclotron since January 2015. The details of these decisions, the description of the modified amplifier (solid state – tube) and the successful results of this hybrid configuration will be shown in this presentation.

Slides WEB02 [3.178 MB]

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WEB03

Design and Simulation of Cavity for 18 MeV Cyclotron

267

M. Mousavinia, H. Afarideh
AUT, Tehran, Iran
M. Ghergherehchi
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

RF system is the key part of cyclotron and cavity is the key part of RF system. The basic parameters of cavity design are the resonant frequency , dee voltage , RF phase and RF power. Proper operation of cavity depends on the suitable voltage distribution in accelerating gap, phase stability in cavity and as well as optimal scattering parameters. In this simulation by using CST MWS, different parts of cavity such as stam and dee are optimized to achieved optimum dimesnsions for desired resonant freq, dee voltage and RF power. Properties of designed cavity including: resonant frequency at 64.3 MHz, dee voltage is 45 kV and RF power is 11 kW.

Slides WEB03 [3.767 MB]

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THB01

The S2C2: From Source to Extraction

285

J. van de Walle, M. Abs, E. Forton, S. Henrotin, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, P. Verbruggen
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
M. Conjat, J. Mandrillon, P. Mandrillon
AIMA, Nice, France

Apart from being the first constructed superconducting accelerator, the S2C2 is also the first synchro-cyclotron at IBA. To study the beam dynamics, new computational tools had to be developed dealing with much larger number of turns, the longitudinal capture in the central region and the regenerative extraction. The S2C2 is a medical accelerator requiring a precise control of the beam characteristics so a deep understanding of beam dynamics is mandatory. Our simulation strategy allows to gain important insight in the acceleration process and beam characteristics: the beam emittance and energy spread, beam losses, effects of coil misalignments, median plane errors, resonances, etc. The simulation tools are split in three parts. At first, protons are tracked from the source up to about 3 MeV with the in-house tracking code AOC. In a second part, only the energy, RF phase and orbit centers are tracked as a function of time. Finally, a detailed tracking from 225 MeV up to extraction is performed with AOC. Simulations are compared to experimental observations during in-factory testing and commissioning of the first S2C2 installed in Nice, France.

Slides THB01 [2.574 MB]

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THB02

The Ionetix ION-12SC Compact Superconducting Cyclotron for Production of Medical Isotopes

290

J.J. Vincent, G.F. Blosser, G.S. Horner, K. Stevens, N.R. Usher, X. Wu
Ionetix, Lansing, Michigan, USA
V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

A 12.5 MeV, 25 μA, proton compact superconducting cyclotron for medical isotope production has been produced. The machine is initially aimed at producing 13N ammonia for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) cardiology applications. With an ultra-compact size and cost-effective price point, this system offers clinicians unprecedented access to the preferred radiopharmaceutical isotope for cardiac PET imaging. A systems approach that carefully balanced the subsystem requirements coupled to precise beam dynamics calculations was followed. The system is designed to irradiate a liquid target internal to the cyclotron and to minimize the need for radiation shielding. The overall engineering, construction, commissioning, and experience at the first customer site will be described here.

Slides THB02 [2.522 MB]

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THB03

Development of HTS Magnets for Accelerators

294

K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, S. Hara, K. Kamakura, K. Shimada, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita
RCNP, Osaka, Japan
H. Ueda
Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

At RCNP, we have been developing magnets utilizing first generation HTS wire for this decade. HTS materials have advantages over LTS materials. Magnets can be operated at 20 K or higher temperature and cooled by cryocoolers. The cooling structure becomes simpler and the cooling power of a cooler is high. Owing to a large margin in operating temperature, it is possible to excite HTS magnets by AC or pulsed currents without quenching. Three model magnets were fabricated; a mirror coil for an ECR ion source, two sets of race track coils for a scanning magnet, and a 3T super-ferric dipole magnet having a negative curvature. They were excited with AC and pulse currents as well as DC currents and their performance was investigated. After successful tests of proto type models, two magnets have been fabricated for practical use. A cylindrical magnet generates a magnetic field higher than 3.5 T at the center to polarized 210 neV ultra cold neutrons. A dipole magnet is excited by pulse currents in order to deliver accelerated beams to two target stations by time sharing. Their design and operational performance are discussed.

Slides THB03 [5.621 MB]

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THB04

Status of Hydrogen Ion Sources at PKU

297

S.X. Peng, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, H.T. Ren, J.M. Wen, W.B. Wu, Y. Xu, A.L. Zhang, J.F. Zhang, T. Zhang
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
A.L. Zhang
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China No. 2014CB845502 and the National Science Foundation of China No. 91126004, 11175009 and 11305004.
Cyclotrons are quite often to be used to accelerate different hydrogen ion beams with high intensity for different purposes around the World. At Peking University (PKU), special efforts were made on developing compact 2.45 GHz microwave driven ion sources with permanent magnets to generate high intensity H⁺, H²⁺, H³⁺ and H⁻ ion beams as well as other ion beams. For the positive ion beam, we can easily produce a 120 mA hydrogen ion beam with H⁺ fraction higher than 92% with a PKU standard 2.45 GHz ECR ion source. Its diameter is about 100 mm, its hight is about 100 mm. Also we have got 40 mA H²⁺ beam and 20 mA H³⁺ beam with a specific designed 2.45 GHz ECR ion source under different operation condition. The fractions of H²⁺ and H³⁺ are higher than 50% within the mixed hydrogen ion beams for each case. Recently, a Cs-free volume H⁻ source based on 2.45 GHz microwave was developed successfully in our lab. It can generate 45 mA H⁻ beam with duty factor of 10% and a 29 mA beam at DC mode at 35 keV. Its operation duty factor can vary from 1% to 100% and its power efficiency is about 20 mA/kW. Details of these sources will be presented in the paper.

Slides THB04 [4.466 MB]

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FRA01

Single Stage Cyclotron for an ADS Demonstrator

387

P. Mandrillon, M. Conjat
AIMA, Nice, France

In order to cope with the challenge of an industrial ADS driver demonstrator in the range of 3 to 4 MWatt nominal driving power, it is mandatory to propose an accelerator design able to address highly demanding criteria which are a challenge for high power accelerator designers: the number of beam trips per year and the mean down-time per beam interruption should be drastically reduced. Taking into account the outstanding performances of the PSI ring cyclotrons, it is clear that cyclotrons are competitive challengers to high power linacs. The preliminary design studies of the Single Stage Cyclotron Driver of the AIMA Company could be an attractive solution in terms of cost effectiveness, reliability and power efficiency. Some critical aspects of this design will be presented in this paper.

Slides FRA01 [5.907 MB]

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