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TUXMA03 Next Generation Electron-Ion Colliders electron, luminosity, collider, proton 56
 
  • I. Ben-Zvi
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The next generation of electron-ion colliders is expected to deliver much higher luminosity, a high degree of polarization of both the leptons and hadrons, multiple interaction points and large ratios of beam energies as compared to the first end only such collider, HERA. Energy Recovery Linacs (ERLs) have significant potential uses as providers of lepton beams for colliders in High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics. We describe plans for these colliders which are under development by various laboratories and the technology issues that are associated with these applications. The advantages of ERLs for these applications are numerous and will be outlined in the text. It is worth noting that some of these advantages are the high-brightness of the ERL beams and their relative immunity to beam-beam disturbances.  
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TUZMA01 RHIC Status luminosity, polarization, electron, proton 74
 
  • T. Roser
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  As the first hadron accelerator and collider consisting of two independent superconducting rings RHIC has operated with a wide range of beam energies and particle species. Machine operation and performance will be reviewed that includes high luminosity gold-on-gold and copper-on-copper collisions at design beam energy (100 GeV/u), asymmetric deuteron-on-gold collisions as well as high energy polarized proton-proton collisions (100 GeV on 100 GeV) with beam polarization of up to 65%. Plans for future upgrades of RHIC will also be discussed.  
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TUZH102 Ion Instability Issues in Electron Rings electron, vacuum, undulator, damping 79
 
  • T.-Y. Lee, J. Choi, H.-S. Kang
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
  The fast ion instability (FII) attracts interests recently for the International Linear Collider Project. FII was found by simulation in SLAC and later observed experimentally. Brief introduction and history of FII is given in this talk and a recent observation of FII in the PLS in-vacuum undulator is reported.  
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TUPMA012 Measurement of Bremsstrahlung Dependent on Stored Beam Current electron, vacuum, storage-ring, radiation 115
 
  • Y. Yamamoto
    Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu-City, Shiga
  Bremsstrahlung was measured as a function of stored beam current using the BGO scintillation spectrometer at the compact superconducting storage ring of Ritsumeikan University. Bremsstrahlung is emitted for collision of stored electrons and residual gas on the beam orbit. Yield of bremsstrahlung depend on stored beam current and residual gas density. We tried to determine gas density on the beam orbit by present measurement.  
 
TUPMA070 Progress of RFQ Accelerator at Peking University rfq, ion-source, simulation, linac 214
 
  • Z. Y. Guo, J.-E. Chen, J. X. Fang, S. L. Gao, J. F. Guo, W. G. Li, Y. R. Lu, S. X. Peng, Z. Z. Song, Z. Wang, X. Q. Yan, J. X. Yu, M. L. Yu, C. Zhang, K. Zhu
    PKU/IHIP, Beijing
  The progress of two RFQ accelerators at Peking University is presented: one is Separated Function RFQ (SFRFQ), which separates the focusing and acceleration of traditional RFQ to get higher acceleration efficiency. The first prototype of the SFRFQ is designed to accelerate O+ from 1MeV to 1.5MeV and used as a postaccelerator for ISR RFQ-1000 (Integral Split Ring) [1]. The other is high current deuteron 201.25MHz RFQ, it will accelerate 50mA D+ beam to 2MeV with a duty cycle of 10%. The design study of SFRFQ and high current Deuteron RFQ accelerator are outlined.  
 
TUPMA084 Ions for LHC: Status of the Injector Chain emittance, optics, injection, quadrupole 226
 
  • D. Manglunki, A. Beuret, J. Borburgh, C. Carli, M. Chanel, L. D. Dumas, T. Fowler, M. Gourber-Pace, S. Hancock, M. Hourican, J. M. Jowett, D. Kuchler, E. Mahner, M. Martini, S. Maury, S. Pasinelli, U. Raich, A. Rey, J.-P. Royer, R. Scrivens, L. Sermeus, G. Tranquille, J. L. Vallet, B. Vandorpe
    CERN, Geneva
  The LHC will, in addition to proton runs, be operated with Pb ions and provide collisions at energies of 5.5 TeV per nucleon pair, i.e. more than 1.1 PeV per event, to experiments. The transformation of CERN's ion injector complex (Linac3-LEIR-PS-SPS) to allow collision of ions in LHC in 2008 is well under way. The status of these modifications and the latest results of commissioning will be presented. The remaining challenges are reviewed.  
 
TUPMA085 LEIR: Towards the Nominal Lead Ion Beam injection, electron, linac, vacuum 229
 
  • M. Chanel, M.-E. Angoletta, V. Baggiolini, P. Belochitskii, A. Beuret, A. Blas, J. Borburgh, C. Carli, K. Cornelis, T. Fowler, M. Gourber-Pace, S. Hancock, C. E. Hill, M. Hourican, D. Kuchler, E. Mahner, D. Manglunki, S. Maury, M. M. Paoluzzi, S. Pasinelli, J. Pasternak, U. Raich, F. Roncarolo, C. Rossi, J.-P. Royer, M. Royer, R. Scrivens, L. Sermeus, G. Tranquille, M. Vretenar
    CERN, Geneva
  The Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) is a central piece for LHC ion operation at CERN, transforming long Linac3 pulses into high density bunches needed for LHC. The first phase of LEIR commissioning successfully attained its goal of providing the so-called 'early ion beam' (one bunch of 2.25 108 Lead ions) needed for the first LHC ion runs with reduced luminosity. Studies in view of generating the beam needed for nominal ion operation (2 bunches of 4.5 108 ions in LEIR) are being carried out in parallel with the setting-up of the early beam in the accelerators further downstream in the LHC injector chain. The main characteristics of the machine using a new state of the art electron cooler are discussed together with the latest results.  
 
TUPMA097 Characteristics of the Magnetic Channel in the Yoke Hole of K-500 Superconducting Cyclotron cyclotron, extraction, beam-transport, simulation 241
 
  • J. Pradhan, R. K. Bhandari, S. Bhattacharya, U. Bhunia, J. Debnath, M. K. Dey, A. Dutta, C. Mallik, Z. A. Naser, S. Paul
    DAE/VECC, Calcutta
  The detail magnetic field measurement of K-500 superconducting cyclotron has been carried out. The last magnetic channel of the extraction system placed in the yoke hole of the cyclotron before external beam line is active, unlike others, which are all passive. This channel comprises a coil and a special shaped iron to produce both quadrupole and dipole field for focussing and radially aligning the different ion species coming out from the cyclotron, with the external beam transport line. The magnetic field inside the channel along with the outside stray field has been measured for different channel currents as well as main magnet excitations. A 3-D model of the full magnet is constructed using magneto- static code RADIA [2] to simulate the yoke field. This paper reports the comparative study of measured and calculated field and studies the trajectories for the representative ions through the stray field calculated from the model. The later being used to locate the starting point (or matching point) for the external beam transport line  
 
TUPMA113 Design of High Current RF Ion Source for Micromachining Applications plasma, ion-source, electron, extraction 262
 
  • P. Y. Nabhiraj, R. K. Bhandari, C. Mallik, R. Menon
    DAE/VECC, Calcutta
  • G. G, S. Mohan
    IISC, Bangalore
  Liquid Metal Ion Source (LMIS) and Gas Field Emission Ion Source (GFEIS) are the major ones in micromachining applications so far. They have limitations of contaminations and low throughput respectively. Plasma based ion sources can produce heavier ions for higher throughput, lighter ions for fabrication of higher resolution structures, ions for doping, ion assisted direct writing of metallic, oxide, nitride and carbide layers and lines. Considering wide range of applications, a 13.56 MHz inductive coupled plasma (ICP) ion source for producing high brightness ion beams with very low energy spread has been developed. It is a very compact ion source with external helical antenna wound around a 30 mm quartz tube. 1 mA of Argon and 0.5 mA of proton ion beams have been extracted from 2 mm dia aperture in plasma electrode at 3.5 kV extraction potential and ~200W of RF power. Using LabView software and field point modules, an automated plasma diagnostic system has been designed and used to measure the plasma parameters. This paper describes the features of the ion source, ion beams produced, some results of the plasma diagnostics.  
 
TUPMA115 Simulations of Non-uniform High Density Electronegative Plasma for Optimization of H- ions and their Extraction plasma, electron, ion-source, simulation 265
 
  • A . Kumar, S. Kotaiah
    RRCAT, Indore (M. P.)
  • V. K. Senecha
    KEK, Ibaraki
  Numerical simulations of radio frequency multi-cusp volume type H- ion source have been performed under non-uniform electronegative plasma equilibrium conditions in order to understand the physics of formation of various ion species (H+, H-, e- etc.) and for optimization of H- ion formation and extraction. Coupled momentum balance equations along with continuity equations were solved in a cylindrical geometry to obtain the density profile of various ion species. The relevant cross-section data available in the literature as a function of temperature has been used in the computation. The hydrodynamic model of plasma in equilibrium with background neutral gas has been used. Low degree of ionization ( ~1%) has been assumed. The collision less sheath formation, penetration of electric and magnetic field and power requirement to sustain the plasma has been worked out numerically. An effort has been made to give a self-consistent numerical scheme for the solution of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) in equilibrium, and the results obtained have been presented  
 
TUPMA116 Periodic Ion Current Burst in 6.4 GHz ECR Source electron, plasma, ion-source, cyclotron 268
 
  • G. S. Taki, R. K. Bhandari, P. R. Sarma
    DAE/VECC, Calcutta
  • A. G. Drentje
    KVI, Groningen
  • T. Nakagawa
    RIKEN/RARF/CC, Saitama
  • P. K. Ray
    Bengal Engineering and Science University, Howrah
  We studied the enhancement in extracted ion current in the 6.4 GHz ECR ion source at VECC, Kolkata by inserting a negatively biased disc in the main stripping stage. In addition to the expected increase in current, we observed a sudden jump in the current at some low bias voltage. The jump amplitude is larger for higher charge states. In order to understand the origin of the jump, we recently measured the time spectra of high charge state ion current for neon. The time spectra revealed the presence of a burst frequency in the kilohertz range. This frequency shows a correlated jump with the ion current described above. Another feature is that the observed burst frequency shows a good linear correlation with the extracted ion current. This may signify that current per burst is a constant factor, higher current means that there are more number of bursts.  
 
WEZMA05 Status and Plans for the TRIUMF ISAC Facility target, ion-source, cyclotron, linac 325
 
  • P. Schmor
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  The ISAC facility at TRIUMF uses the ISOL technique to create exotic isotopes in a thick target mainly through spallation from 500 MeV protons. The ISAC target area has operated for isotope production with up to 50 kW of beam power from the TRIUMF 500 MeV cyclotron. An ion beam formed from these exotic isotopes is transported at energies either to a linac for further acceleration or to any one of a suite of low energy experimental stations. For accelerating the isotopes an RFQ is followed by a five-tank drift tube linac that provides variable-energy accelerated exotic-beams from 0.15 to 1.8 MeV/u, primarily for nuclear astrophysics experiments. Twenty super conducting rf cavities have been recently added to the linac chain and commissioned with beams of stable isotopes, to increase in the maximum energy of the exotic beams to 4.3 MeV/u. Another 20 cavities will be added in 2009 to bring the energy to 6.5 MeV/u. A second proton beam line from the cyclotron and new target station for target and ion source development have been proposed for ISAC. In the future this new target station could be used as an independent simultaneous source of exotic beams for the experimental program.  
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WEPMA002 A Large Area Scanning Magnet For Homogeneous Irradiation of Targets power-supply, controls, impedance, dipole 339
 
  • A. Mandal, R. Kumar, G. Rodrigues, S. K. Suman
    IUAC, New Delhi
  The scanner is an important tool for accelerator based material science research. For high energy (~100 MeV) ion beam scanner has to be magnetic one. Major problem faced with magnetic scanner is its high inductance which causes large impedance to the a.c. power supply used to energise the magnet. We have designed a magnetic scanner keeping attention to minimise its inductance. The scanner is composed of two independent H-type dipole magnets which are fed by saw tooth pulses. It can scan over an area of 25 mm x 25mm at a distance of 1 metre. The power supplies for this scanner have also been designed. These are bipolar, wideband, high speed amplifirs that can reproduce complex waveform without any distotion. The ratings are 60V, 50A operating at 50Hz for x-scanner and 5V,70A at 0.2Hz for y-scanner. Design and performance of the scanner magnet and power supplies will be presented.  
 
WEPMA014 Inhomogenous Field Wien Filter Design proton, focusing, rfq, coupling 354
 
  • P. Jain, D. P. Chakravarthy, A. K. Ray, P. Roychowdhury
    BARC, Mumbai
  The Wien velocity filter is a useful device that transports pure proton fraction from high-power ECR proton source to the RFQ. It is a deflecting device having crossed electrostatic and magnetostatic fields both perpendicular to the beam trajectory that deflects and eliminates the undesired species of ions from the main beam. A tilted-pole Wien filter (*) surpasses the classical parallel-rectangular-poles Wien filter in performance as the former eliminates the astigmatism. The present paper describes the design of an inhomogeneous field Wien filter where the equations of motion are developed and solved in a first-order approximation for a paraxial ion beam inside an ExB mass separator without considering the space charge effects. References : (*) New tilted-poles Wien filter with enhanced performance Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (3), March 1989  
 
WEPMA015 Characteristics of Beam Extraction System of K500 Superconducting Cyclotron extraction, cyclotron, beam-transport, emittance 357
 
  • S. Paul, R. K. Bhandari, J. Debnath, M. K. Dey, A. Dutta, C. Mallik, J. Pradhan
    DAE/VECC, Calcutta
  Extensive Magnetic Field measurement of the K500 Superconducting Cyclotron has been completed. In this paper we report the beam dynamical calculations along the extraction system based on the measured magnetic field data. The beam matching to the external beam transport system, for different ion species spanning the operating region is also explored.  
 
WEPMA078 HTS-ECRIS and Low Energy Beam Transport System of the High Current Injector extraction, ion-source, electron, linac 434
 
  • G. Rodrigues, R. Ahuja, D. Kanjilal, P. Kumar, P. S. Lakshmy, A. Mandal, Y. Mathur, D. Naik, A. Roy, U. Unnam
    IUAC, New Delhi
  A high performance electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) called PKDELIS capable of operation at 14.5 and 18 GHz and which uses High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) coils designed jointly by IUAC, Delhi (earlier called NSC), Pantechnik, Caen and ISN, Grenoble is presently in operation. The source is very suitable for operation on a 400 kV high voltage platform for injecting beams from the High Current Injector (HCI) into the Superconducting Linear Accelerator Booster. In the low energy beam transport (LEBT) system of the HCI, the beam extraction and transport becomes more and more challenging. In order to avoid the losses of the beam, the complete transport system is being made as short as possible. In addition, due to the high currents (~10 mA) extracted, the extraction system needs proper cooling requirements and possibility of movement of the electrodes for tuning various A/q beams. Typical axial and radial bremstraahlung spectra have been measured from the ECR plasma. Details will be discussed and further measurements are being explored to obtain a better understanding.  
 
THXMA02 Linear Accelerator Designs for the Upgrade of the CERN Proton Injector Complex (Linac4, SPL) linac, injection, proton, luminosity 529
 
  • M. Vretenar, G. Bellodi, R. Garoby, F. Gerigk, K. Hanke, A. M. Lombardi, S. Maury, M. Pasini, C. Rossi, E. Zh. Sargsyan
    CERN, Geneva
  Looking beyond the commissioning of the LHC, which is expected to start at the end of 2007, CERN is setting up its scientific plan for the years to come. The concerns about the reliability of the old LHC injectors and the need to progressively remove the technical bottlenecks towards higher luminosity in the LHC have initiated a reflection on the design of the main elements of the LHC injection chain. A plan under consideration foresees in the years 2007-2010 the construction of a 160 MeV H− linear accelerator, Linac4, injecting into the old 1.4 GeV PS Booster (PSB). In a second stage, the PSB could be replaced by a superconducting linac, the SPL, at an energy between 3.5 and 5 GeV. The Proton Synchrotron (PS) would be in turn replaced by a new PS2 reaching a higher energy of 50 GeV. Linac4 and SPL can operate at a higher duty cycle than needed for LHC injection, allowing functioning as a high-intensity facility for neutrino or radioactive ion physics at a later stage. This paper describes the design of the two linear accelerators involved in this upgrade strategy, Linac4 and SPL, and outlines some results of the R&D programme aimed at preparing the construction of Linac4.  
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THXMA03 Construction and Commissioning of the HIRFL-CSR injection, acceleration, dipole, accumulation 534
 
  • J. W. Xia, Y. He, Y. Liu, J. C. Yang, X. D. Yang, W.-L. Zhan, Y. yuan
    IMP, Lanzhou
  CSR is a new ion cooler-storage-ring system in China IMP, it consists of a main ring (CSRm) and an experimental ring (CSRe). The two existing cyclotrons SFC (K=69) and SSC (K=450) of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) will be used as its injector system. The heavy ion beams from HIRFL will be first injected into CSRm, accompanying with the accumulation, e-cooling and acceleration, finally extracted to CSRe for many internal-target experiments. In 2005 the main construction of the CSR project was finished, and from that the preliminary commissioning of CSRm was started, including the first turn commissioning as a beam line, the stripping injection, and the zero-bumping orbit test, fixed-bumping orbit test with four in-dipole coils, bumping orbit test, C-beam accumulation and the investigation of the closed orbit with BPM. And now the correction of closed orbit, e-cooling and ramping tests are just on going.  
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THZH101 Review of Hadron Machines for Cancer Therapy proton, cyclotron, linac, synchrotron 573
 
  • M. Kanazawa
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  Charged particle therapy is now taking a long step from research stage to routine treatment. Highly reliable and sophisticated systems are required at reasonable cost. There are about two dozens of therapy accelerators working in the world. Besides the proton beams, carbon beam is being watched with keen interest because of its excellent clinical effects in cancer treatments. Accelerators which deliver heavy charged particles for cancer therapy will be reviewed.  
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THZH102 Use of Microbeam at JAEA Takasaki cyclotron, heavy-ion, acceleration, radiation 588
 
  • M. Fukuda, K. Hatanaka, T. Yorita
    RCNP, Osaka
  • T. Kamiya, H. Kashiwagi, S. Kurashima, N. Miyawaki, M. Oikawa, S. Okumura, T. Sakai, T. Satoh, W. Yokota
    JAEA/ARTC, Takasaki
  The TIARA(Takasaki Ion accelerators for Advanced Radiation Technology) facility of JAEA in Takasaki is equipped with two several-MeV-ion microbeam systems of beam focusing type and one several-hundred-MeV-heavy-ion microbeam system of beam collimating type. The microbeams with a spot size of one micrometer or less in diameter are extensively utilized for the research in materials science and biotechnology. An in-air micro-PIXE analysis system using a few-MeV proton microbeam is quite useful for medical science and dentistry to visualize two-dimensional distribution of very small quantities of elements in a microscopic area like cells with very high sensitivity. A single-ion hit system using a several-hundred-MeV heavy ion microbeam is available for medical and biological applications such as elucidations of cellular radiation response. Highly stable ion beams with energy spread less than 0.02 % are required for production of the microbeams. Improvements of accelerator performance are indispensable to realize the ion beams of high quality. A flattop acceleration system and a magnetic field stabilization system have been developed for the JAEA AVF cyclotron.  
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THZH103 The Progress of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry and their Applications in China site, controls, injection, target 597
 
  • J.-E. Chen, Z. Y. Guo, K. X. Liu
    PKU/IHIP, Beijing
  The AMS technology and their applications have been developed at Peking University, China Institute of Atomic Energy and Chinese Academy of Sciences since 1980s’. In this presentation, the AMS facilities in China are described and the applications mainly in the field of archaeology are presented. Interesting results about the establishment of Chronology frame of Xia-Shang-Zhou dynasties based on cultural remains at Longshan, Er-li-tou. Xinzha and Tianma-Qucun Site etc. are given as examples. More then one hundred samples of oracle bone were studied for archaeological radio-carbon dating with the AMS facility at Peking University. AMS applications in the fields of geosciences, environmental and biomedical sciences are introduced as well.  
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THC3H102 Practical Considerations in the Design of a High Current Commercial H-minus Cyclotron cyclotron, injection, ion-source, vacuum 625
 
  • M. P. Dehnel, P. T. Jackle, M. Roeder, T. M. Stewart, J. E. Theroux
    D-Pace, Nelson, British Columbia
  High current H-minus cyclotrons (>1000 micro-Ampere) are being developed and implemented for radioisotope production, radioactive therapeutic implants and other applications. The beam dynamics and general physics design of these cyclotron systems must be well done. However, in order not to compromise an elegant and effective physics design, practical engineering considerations must be carefully considered and then implemented. Based on our experience in the design, upgrading, and maintenance of commercial H-minus cyclotron systems, we offer "best practices" to be considered in the engineering design and implementations of such systems.  
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THPMA050 Performance of Cryomodule and Cryogenic Network System for the Superconducting Linac at IUAC. Delhi linac, vacuum, cryogenics, booster 697
 
  • T. S. Datta, J. Antony, S. Babu, J. Chacko, A. Choudhury, S. Kar, M. Kumar, R. S. Meena, A. Roy
    IUAC, New Delhi
  The Superconducting Linear Accelerator as a booster of existing 15 UD Pelletron accelerator is under construction at IUAC. The heart of superconducting linac is three cryomodules, each one housing eight quarter wave niobium cavities. At present the first linac module along with superbuncher and rebuncher cryostat are integrated with zero degree beam line. Design and fabrication of two more linac modules under progress. A VME based CRYO-DACS has been developed to monitor and control parameters of cryostat. The total load at 4.2 K for complete system including locally developed liquid helium distribution line as well as break up load for each cryomodules has been measured. The measured load in linac module is higher than the design value. A detailed thermal analysis has been carried out using temperature profile for each component of cryomodules. Extra load is mainly contributed by aluminum structure,drive coupler and additional radiation load. The present paper will be highlighting the operating experience on cool down of linac as well as thermal performance of each cryo module. Scope of improvement on future linac cryo module to reduce the static load will also be covered.  
 
THPMA058 Cyclotron RF Structures Leaks, Causes and Repair vacuum, cyclotron, radioactivity, scattering 706
 
  • D. P. Hajra, D. Adak, R. K. Bhandari, J. Chaudhuri, B. C. Mondal
    DAE/VECC, Calcutta
  Cyclotron at VECC, Kolkata, is delivering beam since 1977. Water leaks develops inside cyclotron after 30 years operation. Major leaks appear on thin walled copper cooling tube-brazed joints with sheet of R. F. panels, D-stem structures and aluminum & copper tubes trimmer capacitator. Radioactivity enhances ozone and nitrogen oxide, which also formed due to discharge of high electric field and subsequently formation of acid on copper tube and corrodes. Another source of corrosion is free chlorine ions from irradiated halogen containing products like cables etc, residual of cleaning chemicals and trapped brazing flux. Improper selection of brazing filler containing high percentages of zinc, cadmium and phosphorous which will promote porosity due to metal vaporization under high vacuum. Joining of different electro chemical potentials metal as done in trimmer capacitor causes corrosion.μleaks have been detected by MSLD then repaired by torch / TIG brazing with appropriate filler and fluxes has been cleaned thoroughly. Quality performance test has been conducted after repair by MSLD followed by hydraulic test repeated by MSLD both individual and gross leak.

Cycloron down time increases becaues of water leaks and became major concern for smooth operation. Referance:1. CERN Accelerator School on Vacuum Technology -'992. ASM Handbook volume-6

 
 
THPMA065 Theoretical Analysis of the Recovery Times in Low Pressure Sparkgaps - Positive Ion Diffusion Method plasma, electron 723
 
  • K. V. Nagesh, K. V. Nagesh
    BARC, Mumbai
  The recovery characteristics of the low-pressure sparkgaps in the time interval of 300*s to 50ms, for hydrogen, argon and deuterium gases,had shown thatthat the breakdown voltage under second pulse is higher than the breakdown voltage under first pulse along the left hand side of Paschen's characteristics and defined as over recovery (>100% recovery). An attempt has been made to calculate and analyze the recovery times of low pressure sparkgaps based on diffusion of positive ions here. The recovery times are calculated based on the reported data of plasma diffusion rates. The spherical ambipolar and free diffusion recovery times are generally in good agreement with the experimental recovery times at higher pressures. The cylindrical ambipolar and free diffusion recovery times are an order of magnitude lower than spherical diffusion recovery times. The recovery times are not in good agreement for positive polarity experimental recovery times. The theoretical calculation of recovery times, comparison of calculated and experimental recovery times and discussions are presented in this paper.  
 
THPMA066 Theoretical Analysis of the Recovery Times In Low Pressure Sparkgaps- Anode Temperature Decay Method vacuum, plasma 726
 
  • K. V. Nagesh, K. V. Nagesh
    BARC, Mumbai
  The recovery characteristics of the low-pressure sparkgaps in the time interval of 300*s to 50ms, with stainless steel electrodes, in the pressure range of 1 to 40Pa, for gap spacings of 2.5mm and 10mm, have been determined experimentally for hydrogen, argon and deuterium gases. Presently there are no methods ideally suitable for calculation of recovery times of low pressure sparkgaps. However an attempt has been made to analyze the recovery times of low pressure sparkgaps by anode temperature rise and decay method based on liquid and solid vapour phases here. The recovery times are calculated based on the reported data of anode drops. The solid phase recovery times are generally in good agreement with the experimental recovery times with higher load currents. The liquid phase recovery times are an order of magnitude low compared to the experimental recovery times. The recovery times are not in good agreement for positive polarity experimental recovery times due to non-uniformity in the gap. The theoretical calculation of liquid and solid phase recovery times, comparison of calculated / experimental recovery times and discussions are presented in this paper.  
 
THPMA089 Studies of Metallic Ion Beams using ECRIS plasma, ion-source, extraction, background 770
 
  • P. Kumar, D. Kanjilal, P. S. Lakshmy, G. Rodrigues
    IUAC, New Delhi
  Low energy metallic ion beams find wide applications in various research fields especially in materials science, atomic and molecular physics. Several metallic ion beams have been developed successfully using all permanent magnet 10 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source based low energy ion beam facility (LEIBF) [*] at IUAC. The most important feature of the facility is that the source and all its peripheral components including electronics and vacuum systems are on a high voltage platform (300 kV).The metallic ion beams were developed by different methods e.g. oven, sputtering, insertion and metal ions using volatile compounds (MIVOC). The ion source has been tuned to get optimum intensities of metallic ion beams. The high intensities of low charge state metallic ion beams are suitable to engineer the materials for optical, electrical and structural properties via ion implantation. For the interest of atomic and molecular physics, the high intensities of highly charged metallic ion beams are produced using gas mixing [**] and bias techniques. The charge state distribution studies of various metallic ion beams and gas mixing effect of different gases are presented.

[*] P. Kumar et.al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B, 440 (2006) 246.[**] A. G. Drentje et.al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 953 (1996) 67.

 
 
THPMA102 The Proton and Ion Linear Accelerator ILU-9 acceleration, proton, cathode, feedback 788
 
  • A. A. Bryazgin, V. Auslender, V. G. Cheskidov, B. L. Faktorovich, E. Konstantinov, A. D. Panfilov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  The pulse RF ion linear accelerator of ILU-9-type is described. The accelerator is intended to use for various radiation-technological processes and investigations. The main parameters of the accelerator are: energy of accelerated protons 2.9 or 5 (with additional accelerating section) MeV, energy of accelerated deutons 5.8 or 10 MeV, average current of accelerated ions up to 100 μA. Pulse operating mode as following: pulse duration-500 s, maximum pulse repetition- 50 Hz. The frequency of accelerator resonator is 43 MHz. Also data of carbon ions C12+4 acceleration probability are given.  
 
THPMA110 Status of BINP AMS Facility tandem-accelerator, ion-source, vacuum, target 794
 
  • M. Petrichenkov, A. D. Goncharov, V. Klyuev, S. G. Konstantinov, A. Kozhemyakin, A. Kryuchkov, V. V. Parkhomchuk, S. Rastigeev, V. B. Reva
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  The status of first Russian accelerator mass-spectrometer project is described. The scheme of spectrometer includes two types of ion sources (sputter and gaseous ones), low energy beam line with analysers, electrostatic tandem accelerator with accelerating voltage up to 2 MV and magnesium vapours stripper and also includes the high energy beam line with analysers. The results of last experiments are given.  
 
THPMA111 Target Assembly Design and Neutronics Study for Indian Spallation Neutron Source Using NMTC/JAM Code target, proton, injection, synchrotron 797
 
  • V. K. Senecha, M. Kawai
    KEK, Ibaraki
  Target-moderator-reflector assembly (TMRA) design studies for the best neutronics performance of the proposed Indian Spallation Neutron Source(ISNS) have been carried out using high energy particle transport code NMTC/JAM. The issues relevant for TMRA design like selection of target material, effect of target shape and dimensions and placement of moderator, suitable material for reflector its size have been addressed using the code calculations. NMTC/JAM code calculations have shown that the neutron yield per proton for thick Pb target for varying target lengths are in good agreement within the error limit with the results reported by experimental group and matching with the results of JAERI code calculations (JAERI 'Data/code 2001-07). Different geometrical configurations for TMRA were attempted and resulted tally's for track-length, surface crossing, nuclide yield, heat deposition, and time tallies for the neutron have been calculated. It has been observed that wing type structure of moderator position with respect to the target is suitable for optimum neutron yield in the pulsed mode.

(1) NMTC/JAM, JAERI code 2001-007, Koji Niita et al.(2001).(2)Development of target for KENS, M. Kawai et al. Procd. 2nd Workshop on Materials Tech. for spallation neutron source,141(2001).

 
 
THPMA115 Present Status of the FFAG Accelerator Complex in KURRI for ADS Study booster, acceleration, proton, extraction 803
 
  • M. Tanigaki, M. Inoue, K. Mishima, Y. Mori, S. Shiroya
    KURRI, Osaka
  • S. Fukumoto, Y. Ishi
    Mitsubishi Electric Corp, Energy & Public Infrastructure Systems Center, Kobe
  • S. Machida
    STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  KART (Kumatori Accelerator driven Reactor Test) project has started at Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI) from the fiscal year of 2002. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the basic feasibility of ADS, studying the effect of incident neutron energy on the effective multiplication factor of the subcritical nuclear fuel system. The proton FFAG accelerator complex as a neutron production driver for this project is now in the final stage of the test operation. The first ADS experiment will be held in this autumn by combining this FFAG complex with our Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA) in KURRI. The developments and the current status of this FFAG accelerator complex, including the current status of this project, will be presented.  
 
THPMA121 Accelerator Based Applications At BARC-TIFR Pelletron Accelerator Facility proton, heavy-ion, vacuum, radiation 812
 
  • P. V. Bhagwat, R. K. Choudhury, J. A. Gore, A. K. Gupta, S. Kailas, N. Mehrotra, j.p. Nair, S. C. Sharma, P. Surendran
    BARC, Mumbai
  • M. B. Kurup
    TIFR, Mumbai
  • V. C. Sahni
    RRCAT, Indore (M. P.)
  The 14 UD Pelletron Accelerator, set up as a collaborative effort between Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, has been operational since it’s inception in 1989. Apart from basic research, various accelerator based programmes including accelerator mass spectrometry, production of track-etch membranes, production of radio isotopes, irradiation damage studies are being pursued. This contribution will describe the details of currently ongoing programmes.  
 
THPMA123 Analysis and Evaluation of Gamma and Neutron Dosimetry from 48 MeV 7Li on Natural Cu and its Dose Simulation with MCNP radiation, target, heavy-ion, simulation 815
 
  • R. G. Sonkawade, P. K. Kumar, S. P. Lochab, B. S. Singh
    IUAC, New Delhi
  • R. V. Kolekar
    Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai
  Neutron and gamma angular radiation dose was measured from 48MeV, 7Li ion beam incident on natural thick copper target. Experiment is simulated keeping in view the health physics importance for monitoring the radiation environment in the charged particle accelerator. The neutron dose observed in the forward direction is slightly more compared to the lateral direction. Fast neutron dose was observed by using the 1mm polyethylene radiator in front of the CR-39 detectors and the thermal neutrons were observed using the Lithium Borate radiator. Neutron Spectra is observed using the BC501, with the Time of Flight experimental arrangement. The gamma dosimetry is done using the TLD and the active survey meters, gamma energy of the same reaction is also monitored in the same setup with the HPGe-detector. From the observed gamma spectrum, and the PACE calculation, the possible reactions were identified and correlated with the observed spectrum and the dose results. The neutron and gamma angular dose distribution observed will be discussed, as well an attempt is being made to simulate the same with MCNP and PACE simulation codes.