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| MOPML014 | Status of the Commissioning of the LIGHT Prototype | MMI, linac, rfq, proton | 425 |
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| The company A.D.A.M. (Application of Detectors and Accelerators to Medicine), a CERN spin-off, is working on the construction and testing of its first linear accelerator for medical application: LIGHT (Linac for Image-Guided Hadron Therapy). LIGHT is an innovative high frequency proton linac designed to accelerate proton beams up to 230 MeV for protontherapy applications. The LIGHT accelerator consists of three different linac sections: a 750 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerating the beam up to 5 MeV; a 3 GHz Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac (SCDTL) up to 37.5 MeV; and a 3 GHz Cell Coupled Linac (CCL) section up to 230 MeV. The compact and modular design is based on cutting edge technologies developed for particle colliders and adapted to the needs of hadron therapy beams. A prototype of LIGHT is presently under commissioning at CERN. This paper describes the design aspects and the different stages of installation and commissioning of the LIGHT prototype with emphasis on beam tests results obtained during the past year at different energies. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-MOPML014 | ||
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| TUPAF017 | Stability Analysis of the TOP-IMPLART 35 MeV Proton Beam | linac, proton, klystron, booster | 697 |
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Funding: The TOP-IMPLART program is funded by Regione Lazio. The TOP-IMPLART (Intensity Modulated Proton Linear Accelerator for RadioTherapy) is the demonstrator of a 150 MeV proton linear accelerator devoted to cancer treatment application under development at ENEA-Frascati. It is a full linear machine composed by a 425 MHz 7 MeV injector and a high frequency linac operating at 2997.92 MHz. The first accelerating section, installed and in operation, consists of 4 SCDTL structures and delivers a 35 MeV beam in 3 microseconds pulses at a maximum repetition frequency of 50 Hz. The principal advantage of a linear accelerator, in a therapeutic application, is the quick setting possibility (up to pulse-to-pulse, in principle) of the physical properties of the proton beam, offering larger flexibility (compared to traditional circular designs) and improved precision on dose delivery to the patient., The short and long range stability of the machine have been analyzed measuring on a pulse by pulse basis both the output beam characteristics and other machine parameters in order to identify those that mainly affect the beam stability. This work describes the methodology used in this study, the main results achieved and the future developments. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPAF017 | ||
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| TUPAF018 | Characterization of Automatic Frequency Control systems for S-band Proton LINAC "TOP-IMPLART" | controls, proton, linac, detector | 701 |
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| The TOP-IMPLART (Intensity Modulated Proton Linear Accelerator for RadioTherapy) proton linear accelerator is under development at ENEA-Frascati. It is composed by a 7 MeV, 425 MHz injector followed by a sequence of 2997.92 MHz accelerating modules. Four 10 MW klystrons will be used to power all high frequency structures up to a beam energy of 150 MeV. The first section, consisting of 4 SCDTL modules (7 to 35 MeV), is operational at low repetition rate (up to 50 Hz). Whereas beam acceleration is effective even without closed loop control, to ensure high beam current stability the resonance frequency variation must be kept for each SDCTL module within few kHz. This is achieved implementing an automatic frequency control (AFC) loop that detects structure detuning caused by thermal drifts and produce an error signal fed to a tuning motor. A prototype of an AFC custom solution, derived from a medical electron linac, has been tested on TOP-IMPLART accelerator. This was originally designed for magnetron frequency tuning with much larger frequency span. Other AFC systems with different components have been evaluated in order to reach the high required resolution. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPAF018 | ||
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| TUPAF063 | Beam Dynamics Studies of the ESS LINAC Using a New Multicell Cavity Model | cavity, linac, emittance, distributed | 870 |
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| The European Spallation Source is designed to deliver 5 MW proton beam power on the target while keeping the beam induced losses below 1 W/m throughout the LINAC. This implies the need of accurate models to correctly describe the longitudinal beam dynamics within the multi-cell cavities. In all the previous error studies the cells of a multi-cell cavity were modelled as a sequence of independent gaps and the errors were applied directly on the amplitude of each cell accelerating field, considered as random variable. In this paper, instead, we present a new detailed analysis of the effect of the error tolerances on the beam dynamics including a new model to calculate the amplitude errors of the accelerating field in the multi-cell cavities: errors are applied on the geometrical parameters of each cavity; then the accelerating field is calculated solving the Maxwell equations over all the cavity. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPAF063 | ||
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| TUPAF065 | Opportunities and Challenges in Planning the Installation, Testing and Commissioning of Large Accelerator Facilities | MMI, linac, target, neutron | 878 |
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| Delivering major accelerator facilities requires complex project preparation, organisation and scheduling. Often, multiple factors have to be taken into account including technical, financial and political. This makes planning particularly difficult, but at the same time opens opportunities for improving and optimising the project prospects. In this paper, we discuss the major drivers governing the installation, testing and commissioning of major accelerators in general, with particular emphasis on the European Spallation Source (ESS) accelerator, currently under construction in Lund, Sweden. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPAF065 | ||
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| TUPAF079 | Scaled Alvarez-Cavity Model Investigations for the UNILAC Upgrade | cavity, simulation, alignment, pick-up | 916 |
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| The 1:3 scaled aluminum model of an Alvarez-type cavity with 10 gaps was used for comparison of simulation with measurement for the frequency and the electric field on axis. The scaled frequency is 325.224 MHz and an Alvarez cavity has a small frequency tuning range. With this scaled model it was possible to apply different stem configurations for each drift tube to damp parasitic modes and to increase the field stability. The new drift tubes have an optimized free-formed profile on the end plates in order to increase the shunt impedance. In special the assembly, positioning and alignment of the drift tubes can be tested and the frequency change can be investigated in this respect. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPAF079 | ||
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| TUPAF080 | Final Design of the FoS Alvarez-Cavity-Section for the Upgraded UNILAC | cavity, quadrupole, operation, simulation | 920 |
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| The final design describes the First-of-Series (FoS) Alvarez-Cavity-section of the first tank being part of the new post-stripper DTL of the UNILAC. The FoS-cavity has an input energy of 1.358 MeV/u with 11 drift tubes (including quadrupole singlets) in a total length of 1.9 m and a diameter of 2 m with an operation frequency of 108.4 MHz. The drift tubes will have a new shape profile at the end plates. The single layered quadruple singlets inside the drift tubes are pulsed with 10 Hz and will have a maximum field gradient of 51 T/m. The new drift tube design combines the new shape profile with the transverse and longitudinal installation space of the magnet. The FoS Alvarez-cavity will be part of the first section of the new Alvarez DTL. It shall be operated at nominal RF- and magnetic fields prior to procurement of the series. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPAF080 | ||
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| TUPAK008 | Longitudinal Bunch Size Measurements with an RF Deflector at J-PARC LINAC | simulation, radio-frequency, linac, rfq | 974 |
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| Measurement of the longitudinal bunch size is important for the stable beam operation. Especially in a medium energy beam transport (MEBT) located after a radio-frequency quadrupole in J-PARC, it is necessary to measure the bunch size with minimum set of equipment to avoid subsequent emittance growth due to space charge. We had proposed a longitudinal size measurement with an rf deflector normally used for deflecting theμbunch; phase spread is migrated to spatial one if the reference particle arrives at the deflector when the voltage is rising in time and is zero. Then a buncher cavity located upstream of the deflector is utilized to scan the phase spread to measure the longitudinal beam parameters. In this poster, recent measurement results are presented. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPAK008 | ||
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| TUPAL009 | Studying a Prototype of Dual-beam Drift Tube Linac | cavity, rfq, simulation, acceleration | 1020 |
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For generating high-intensity ion beams from linear ac-celerators, a multi-beam acceleration method which in-volves multiple accelerating beams to suppress the defo-cusing force from space charge effects, then integrating these beams by a beam funneling system, has been pro-posed. An Inter-digital H-mode (IH) two-beam type radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) with accelerating 108mA (54mA/channel×2) carbon ion from 5 to 60 keV/ u and an IH four-beam RFQ with accelerating 160.8mA (40.2mA/channel×4) carbon ion from 3.6 to 41.6 keV/u had been successfully designed for low energy heavy ion acceleration [1]. In order to demonstrate that an IH dual-beam drift tube linac (DB-DTL) is suitable for high-intensity heavy ion beam acceleration in middle energy region, we has been developing a DB-DTL prototype by using three dimensional electromagnetic CST MicroWave Studio (MWS) and using particles tracking Pi Mode Linac Orbit Calculation (PiMLOC) [2-3]. According to the simulation results, the beam dynamics design and elec-tromagnetic design will be presented in this paper.
* Shota. Iketa et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B.239-243 (2017). |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPAL009 | ||
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| TUPAL010 | Research on an Accelerator-Based BNCT Facility | neutron, target, rfq, proton | 1024 |
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| Seven people have been diagnosed with cancer per minute in China, and cancer has been the leading cause of death with about one fourth of all deaths in China. As effective means and ways for cancer therapy, Boron Neutron Cancer Therapy (BNCT) has drawn greater attention. Accelerator based neutron source is a compact neutron source, and technologies of accelerating a high current beam has matured. We proposed an accelerator based BNCT (AB-BNCT), which can accelerate a 10 mA proton beam up to 7 MeV and target on a shelled-Beryllium. The dynamics of accelerators and neutron calculations will be reported in this paper. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPAL010 | ||
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| TUPAL012 | Design and Fabrication of Hybrid RFQ Prototype | rfq, linac, cavity, site | 1032 |
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| Hybrid RFQ is proposed as a potential good choice at the low-energy range of linear accelerator. The complexi-ty of mechanical design and difficulty of fabrication are part of reasons impeding application of it and similar structures. In order to explore the practicable structure and research on RF parameters of this accelerating struc-ture, an aluminium prototype is developed. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPAL012 | ||
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| TUPAL033 | Time-of-Flight, Beam-Energy Measurement of the LANSCE 805-MHz Linac | linac, proton, pick-up, controls | 1075 |
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Funding: Work supported by the United States Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Agency, under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. Control of the beam-energy ramp along the length of a proton linear accelerator is required to keep the accelerator tuned according to design. Historically, the values of the field amplitudes and phases of the side-coupled, 805-MHz LANSCE linac modules are maintained using a well-known delta-t tuning procedure*. Time-of-flight measurements of the proton beam energy are now also being used to confirm and improve the overall control of the energy ramp along the linac. The time-of-flight method uses measurements of the difference in RF phases measured as the beam passes installed delta-t pickup loops. A newly developed chassis to control the 3D position of the beam centroid is used. Details of the procedure and results of measurements are presented. * K.R.Crandall, "The Delta-T Tuneup Procedure for the LAMPF 805-MHz Linac", LANL Report LA-6374-MS, June 1976. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPAL033 | ||
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| TUPAL052 | Multi-Physics Analysis of a CW IH-DTL for CIFNEF | cavity, neutron, linac, operation | 1129 |
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| The Compact Intense Fast NEutron Facility (CIFNEF) project aims to produce high intense neutrons via the 7Li (d, n) 8Be reaction using a 5 MeV, 10 mA deuteron linac. The main components of the linac are an ion source, a short radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and an interdigi-tal H-mode drift tube linac (IH-DTL). The IH-DTL will accelerate the continuous wave (CW) deuteron beam from 1 MeV to 5 MeV with a total cavity length of 1.25 m using Kombinierte Null Grad Struktur (KONUS) design, achieving an accelerating gradient of 3.2 MV/m. The RF power loss for the whole cavity is estimated to be 85 kW. This high power loss is a significant challenge to the cooling design, as it could cause large rises in tempera-ture, thermal deformation and frequency drift. A detailed multi-physics analysis of the CW IH-DTL is presented in this paper. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPAL052 | ||
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| TUPAL073 | Conceptual Design of a Drift Tube LINAC for Proton Therapy | emittance, linac, proton, rfq | 1182 |
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Funding: National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant number 2016YFC0105408) The conceptual design of an Alvarez-type Drift Tube Linac for one proton therapy facility is described in this paper. The design optimization of the Drift Tube Linac is carried out in the principle of adopting domestic mature technologies and cost control. The error study of the Drift Tube Linac is also given in this paper. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPAL073 | ||
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| TUPAL075 | Mechanical Design and Error Analysis of a 325 MHz IH-DTL Test Cavity | alignment, cavity, simulation, linac | 1186 |
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| A 325 MHz interdigital H-mode drift tube linac (IH-DTL) test cavity with a modified KONUS beam dynamics is under fabrication at Tsinghua University. The inner diameter of the tank increases from 196.8 to 232.6 mm. The mechanical design is considered carefully because of its small geometry. A three-piece design has been adopted in the mechanical design. The error analysis is carried out to determine the error requirement of machining and alignment. The details of mechanical design and error analysis is presented. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPAL075 | ||
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| WEPAF001 | A Diagnostic Test Bench for the LIGHT Accelerator | emittance, MMI, rfq, proton | 1808 |
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| The LIGHT accelerator is the first compact Linac that will deliver proton beams up to 230 MeV for cancer treatment. The accelerator is only 24m long and is being built to be modular and capable of changing proton beam energy and intensity pulse-to-pulse at up to 200Hz. The LIGHT prototype is currently being commissioned by AVO / ADAM at CERN, while the first full installation is foreseen in 2019. Here we present the design and implementation of a moveable diagnostic test bench which is used to measure a full set of beam properties at each commissioning step. Parameters measured include beam current, pulse length, energy, position, transverse profile and emittance. The compact instruments, the electronics and the controls that equip the test bench are the same as those who will be permanently installed along the accelerator after the commissioning. The first results obtained with the test bench for beams up to 16 MeV are shown here. We demonstrate that the chosen instrumentation achieves a very high sensitivity, dynamic range, reliability and immunity to EM noise. Procedures for on-line calibration of the instruments are also discussed. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-WEPAF001 | ||
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| WEPAF086 | Latest Developments and Updates of the ESS Linac Simulator | linac, cavity, solenoid, space-charge | 2051 |
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| A fast and accurate online model is required for optimal commissioning and reliable operation of the high-power proton linac at the European Spallation Source. The Open XAL framework, initially developed at SNS, is used at ESS for the development of high-level physics applications. The online model we use, known as ESS Linac Simulator (JELS), extends the Open XAL model with several features. This paper describes the latest updates carried out to JELS. Two new elements have been implemented: a solenoid field map for the LEBT and a DTL Tank element that automatically calculates each gap phase. All calculations are now done in the laboratory frame, in agreement with Open XAL convention. A thorough benchmark of the model against TraceWin, which is the tool used for the lattice design, is also presented. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-WEPAF086 | ||
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| WEPAL022 | Operating Experience of Water Cooling System in the J-PARC LINAC and RCS | linac, acceleration, diagnostics, klystron | 2203 |
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| The cooling system for the J-PARC LINAC and RCS uses a total of 25 circulation pumps to cool the accelerator devices. In February 2017, we experienced damage of circulation pumps due to low flow rate, and started the development of an abnormality detection system concentrating on the vibration measurements of the circulation pumps. In this report, the vibration measurement results of the coolant circulation pumps and the development status of abnormality detection through multivariate analysis using vibration values are discussed. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-WEPAL022 | ||
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| THPAL025 | New Drift-Tube Linac RF Systems at LANSCE | controls, LLRF, detector, cavity | 3680 |
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Funding: Work supported by the United States Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Agency, under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. LANSCE has restored the proton drift-tube linac (DTL) to high-power capability after the original RF-power tube manufacturer could no longer supply devices that consistently met our high-average power requirement. Thales TH628L Diacrodes® now supply RF power to three of the four DTL tanks. These tetrodes reused the existing infrastructure including water-cooling systems, coaxial transmission lines, high-voltage power supplies and capacitor banks. Each transmitter uses a combined pair of power amplifiers to produce up to 3- MW peak and 360- kW of mean power. A new intermediate power amplifier was simultaneously developed using a TH781 tetrode. Design and prototype testing of the high-power stages was completed in 2012, with commercialization following in 2013. Each installation was accomplished during a 4 to 5 month beam outage each year from 2014-2016. A new digital low-level RF control system was designed, built and placed into operation in 2016. The interaction of the dual power amplifiers, the I/Q LLRF, and the DTL cavities provided many challenges that were overcome. The replacement RF systems have completely met our accelerator requirements. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAL025 | ||
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| THPAL063 | RF and Thermo-Mechanical Considerations in Designing the Waveguide Iris Coupler for the Drift Tube Linac in the ORNL Spallation Neutron Source | cavity, GUI, simulation, vacuum | 3796 |
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Funding: This work was supported by SNS through UT Battelle, LLC, under contract DE AC05 00OR22725 for the U.S.DOE The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) employs tapered ridge waveguide iris couplers to power six drift tube linac (DTL) cavity structures with pulsed RF systems using 2.5MW klystrons at 402.5MHz. All DTL iris couplers have been operating continuously for more than a decade without replacement. Transferring high RF energy to the cavities requires robust RF and mechanical performances with respect to power dissipation, electrical breakdown, and vacuum pressure. Considering the upcoming full 1.4MW operation and the future proton power upgrade (PPU) project, the structural design and the material selection needed to be reviewed for potential spare manufacturing. The existing design and the modified design with improvements to the coupler have been numerically studied. For the study, 3D models were used for RF and structural characterizations of the waveguide iris couplers on the DTL cavity. RF and thermo-mechanical co-simulations were performed to assess the effects of using the different materials and the structural modification. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAL063 | ||
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