RuPAC2016 - List of Keywords (proton)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOZMH01	CEPC-SppC Accelerator Status	collider, positron, luminosity, booster	1
	J. Gao IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	In this talk we will give a bird view of the status Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC). The scientific goal and the collider design goal of CECP are described. The luminosity potentail of Super Proton-Proton Collider (SPPC) in the same tunnel of CEPC are also provided. The optimization of parameter designs for CEPC with different energies, machine lengthes, single ring and crab-waist collision partial double ring options, etc. have been given systimatically. The machine lattice design philosophy and conrete lattice design are given. The corresponding SC RF system designs corresponding to different machine options are presented. Key issues for technology R&D, possible time schedule and international collaboration are addressed.
	Slides MOZMH01 [10.473 MB]
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TUZMH01	Status of U-70	extraction, target, flattop, acceleration	44
	S.V. Ivanov IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia
	Funding: National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" The report overviews present status of the Accelerator Complex U70 at IHEP of NRC "Kurchatov Institute". The emphasis is put on the recent activity and upgrades implemented since the previous conference RuPAC-2014, in a run-by-run chronological ordering. * on behalf of the U70 staff
	Slides TUZMH01 [6.858 MB]
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TUZMH02	INR High Intensity Proton Linac. Status and Prospects.	linac, operation, cavity, neutron	48
	A. Feschenko, L.V. Kravchuk, V.L. Serov RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
	The status and the prospects of High Intensity INR Linac are presented. The routine beam intensity is equal to 130 mkA. The annual accelerator run duration is about 1600 hours. The main beam user facilities are multipurpose complex for neutron science, isotope production facility and proton therapy facility. The primary activities are accelerator maintenance, modernization of accelerator systems and beam transportation channels, increasing of accelerator reliability, improvement of beam parameters.
	Slides TUZMH02 [7.267 MB]
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WECAMH04	Recent Experiments With High Energy Electron Cooler in COSY	electron, target, experiment, storage-ring	67
	V.B. Reva, M.I. Bryzgunov, V.V. Parkhomchuk, D.N. Skorobogatov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia V. Kamerdzhiev FZJ, Jülich, Germany I.N. Meshkov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The 2 MeV electron cooling system at COSY-Jülich started operation in 2013. The cooling process was observed in the wide energy range of the electron beam from 100 keV to 1.26 MeV. Vertical, horizontal and longitudinal cooling was obtained with bunched and coasting proton beam. This report deals with electron cooling experiments at COSY with proton beam at energy 1.66 and 2.3 GeV. The proton beam was cooled at different regimes: RF on and off, barrier bucket RF, and cluster target on and off.
	Slides WECAMH04 [11.045 MB]
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WEYMH01	Development of MHF Conception at ITEP	ion, experiment, linac, extraction	73
	N.N. Alexeev, A. Andreev, A. Kolomiets, V.I. Nikolaev, Yu.A. Satov, A. Shumshurov, V. Stolbunov, A. Zarubin ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	The conception of Multi-purpose Hadrons Facility (MHF) began to be discussed at ITEP in the late ~2010s when ITEP-TWAC facility was intensively exploited for physical and applied research with the use of accelerated proton and ion beams varied in a wide range of operating parameters. Technological developments have continued to expand the scope of beams utilizing in diverse fields of science, medicine, industry and education. The ITEP-TWAC facility was decommissioned in 2012 and continues to remain in a state of waiting for reasonable decision on its recovery and upgrade, but conception of MHF is alive and aims at creating a technological base of particle accelerator technique intended for generation of proton and ion beams, covering the needs of many areas of fundamental, applied and technological research and industrial applications, represents a significant scientific and practical interest for modern and future engineering community. Created MHF environment should obviously be friendly and flexible for collaboration with industry, universities, and other national and foreign labs to provide continuous intelligent and technological progress. The key components of the MHF mission and vision are presented.
	Slides WEYMH01 [5.810 MB]
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WEYMH02	A Radioactive Ion Beam and Isotope Production Facility for iThemba LABS	target, cyclotron, neutron, radiation	78
	J.L. Conradie, L.S. Anthony, F. Azaiez, S. Baard, R.A. Bark, A.H. Barnard, J.I. Broodryk, J.C. Cornell, J.G. De Villiers, H. Du Plessis, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, P.G. Gardiner, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, J. Lawrie, C. Lussi, N.R. Mantengu, R.H. McAlister, J. Mira, H.W. Mostert, C. Naidoo, F. Nemulodi, M. Sakildien, G.F. Steyn, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa A. Andrighetto, A. Monetti, G.P. Prete, M. Rossignoli INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	iThemba LABS is a multidisciplinary research institute that provides accelerator-based facilities for physical, biomedical and material sciences, treatment of cancer patients with neutrons and protons and the production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals. The demand for beam time by the 3 main users namely, radioisotope production, nuclear physics research and medical applications, by far exceeds the available time. A feasibility study for a new radioactive ion beam and radioisotope production facility at iThemba LABS is in progress. A dedicated isotope production facility is proposed, which will free the existing K=200 separated sector cyclotron facility for nuclear physics research with stable beams. The K=200 cyclotron will be used as driver for the production of radioactive beams. An overview of the proposed facilities will be given.
	Slides WEYMH02 [28.899 MB]
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WEZMH01	Spallation Neutron Source at the 1 Gev Synchrocyclotron of PNPI	neutron, target, resonance, experiment	90
	O.A. Shcherbakov, E.M. Ivanov, G.F. Mikheev, G.A. Petrov, G.A. Riabov, A.S. Vorobyev PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
	A description of the spallation pulsed neutron source and neutron time-of-flight spectrometer GNEIS based on the 1 GeV proton synchrocyclotron of PNPI in Gatchina is presented. The main parameters of the neutron source and GNEIS are given in comparison with the analogous world-class facilities. The experimental capabilities of the GNEIS are demonstrated by the examples of some nuclear physics and applied research experiments carried out during four decades of its operation.
	Slides WEZMH01 [32.810 MB]
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THCAMH01	Universal Proton and Neutron Centre for Radiation Resistance of Avionic, Space Electronics and Other Applications at 1 Gev Synchrocyclotron in PNPI	neutron, target, radiation, electronics	105
	S.A. Artamonov, D.A. Amerkanov, E.M. Ivanov, J.S. Lebedeva, G.F. Mikheev, G.A. Riabov, O.A. Shcherbakov, A.S. Vorobyev PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia V.S. Anashin, L.R. Bakirov, A.E. Koziukov United Rocket and Space Corporation, Institute of Space Device Engineering, Moscow, Russia P.A. Chubunov ISDE, Moscow, Russia
	In PNPI RNC KI a universal center for testing electronic components for the needs of aviation and space and other applications is created on the synchrocyclotron SC-1000 with the proton energy of 1 GeV. The center consists of two protons and one neutron stands for test facilities developed at the PNPI in collaboration with the ROSCOSMOS Interagency Testing Center. The PNPI center is equipped with all necessary systems of diagnostics and monitoring of a beam, installation of targets on a beam. There is an opportunity to vary temperature of exemplars in the wide range. A unique conjunction of proton beams with variable energy 60-1000 MeV and atmospheric like neutron beam with broad energy range (1-1000 MeV) spectrum enable to perform complex testing of the semiconductor electronic devices at the SC-1000 within a single testing cycle.
	Slides THCAMH01 [11.652 MB]
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THCAMH03	The Target Development For Medical Radionuclides 67Cu and 82Sr Production	target, diagnostics, cyclotron, extraction	111
	S.A. Krotov, A.E. Barzakh, L.Kh. Batist, D.V. Fedorov, V.S. Ivanov, P.L. Molkanov, F.V. Moroz, S.Yu. Orlov, V.N. Panteleev, Yu.M. Volkov PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
	A high current cyclotron C-80 with the energy of extracted proton beam of 40-80 MeV and the current up to 200 mkA has been constructed at PNPI (Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute). Presently the work is in progress for external proton beam adjustment. The main goal of the C-80 is production of medical radionuclides for diagnostics and therapy. This cyclotron is also intended for treatment of ophthalmologic diseases by irradiation of malignant eye formation. At the beam of C-80 the radioisotope complex RIC-80 (Radioactive Isotopes at cyclotron C-80), has been designed, which ensures obtaining sources of a high activity practically for the whole list of medical radionuclides produced at accelerators. An essential peculiarity of the RIC-80 is the use of the mass-separator that will allow the production of separated high purity radionuclides very important for medicine purposes. Presently different target prototypes for the production of radionuclides at the RIC-80 are being developed. The results of different target material tests for production of radioisotopes 67Cu, 82Sr, 223, 224Ra and others have been presented.
	Slides THCAMH03 [4.686 MB]
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THCAMH05	The CC-18/9M Cyclotron System for Production of Isotopes for PET	target, cyclotron, ion, diagnostics	117
	R.M. Klopenkov, M.A. Emeljanov, A.V. Galchuck, Yu.N. Gavrish, P.A. Gnutov, S.V. Grigorenko, V.I. Grigoriev, M.L. Klopenkov, L.E. Korolev, A.N. Kuzhlev, A.G. Miroshnichenko, V.G. Mudrolyubov, G.V. Muraviov, V.I. Nikishkin, V.I. Ponomarenko, K.E. Smirnov, Yu.I. Stogov, A.P. Strokach, S.S. Tsygankov, O.L. Veresov NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia I.A. Ashanin, I.P. Grigoryev, A.S. Guchkin CHTD, Moscow, Russia
	The CC-18/9M cyclotron system has been designed, manufactured and delivered to JSC "NIITFA", Moscow to be operated in a pilot PET center. Acceptance tests have been conducted; design parameters of the updated cyclotron have been obtained: energy variation of accelerated proton and deuteron beams within the ranges of 12 - 18 and 6 - 9 MeV with currents of 150 and 50 mkA respectively. For the first time in NIIEFA practice the cyclotron is equipped with a target system intended for the production of F-18 and C-11 radionuclides for PET. At present the cyclotron system in the PET center is put into commercial operation.
	Slides THCAMH05 [4.462 MB]
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THCAMH06	Gantry Free Transport Line for a Proton/Ion Therapy	ion, target, controls, radiation	120
	M.M. Kats ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	For a long time a gantry was considered as a mandatory element for proton/ion therapy facility. However medics from MGH (Boston) suggested alternative concept which leads to decrease both cost and size of the facility. The concept is based on the following provisions: - immovable isocenter; - active scanning of a target volume; - different positions of patients at different fractions: - using CT on the place of irradiation after each change of positions of the patient for improvement plan; - using small change direction of the beam (like ±100). The "Planar isocentric system" developed by author can be used to enlarge the flexibility of the concept. It's relatively chip, small and can be realized for short time. It can be used for treatment for 90% of localizations. The system can replace gantry in centers of proton/ion therapy providing significant decreasing of treatment price. The details of the system are presented and discussed. Susu Yan et al, MGH Reassessment of the Necessity of the Proton Gantry: Analysis of Beam Orientations From 4332 Treatments.., Radiation Oncology, May 1, 2016 V. 95, Issue 1, P.224. ** M.M.Kats, Planar isocentric system instead of gantry, PTCOG55, 2016.
	Slides THCAMH06 [1.580 MB]
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THYMH02	Hadron Therapy Research and Applications at JINR	cyclotron, extraction, acceleration, ion	123
	G. Shirkov, S. Gurskiy, O. Karamyshev, G.A. Karamysheva, N.A. Morozov, E.V. Samsonov, S.G. Shirkov, G.V. Trubnikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia D.V. Popov JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
	JINR has the unique experience in cancer treatment with proton beam during about 50 years. In 2005 the collaboration with IBA (Belgium) was established. During these years the technical design of the first carbon superconducting cyclotron C400 was successfully created, the construction of serial proton cyclotron C230 was significantly improved and the fist modernized cyclotron C235 was assembled, debugged and put in the test operation in Dubna in 2013. This C235 will be used soon in the first Russian medical center with proton therapy in Dimitrovgrad. In 2015 the joint project with ASIPP (Hefei, China) on design and construction of superconducting proton cyclotron SC200 was started. Two samples of SC200 should be created according to the Collaboration Agreement between JINR and ASIPP. One will be used for proton therapy in Hefei and the second one should be used to replace the synchrocyclotron Phasotron in investigations on proton therapy at JINR.
	Slides THYMH02 [29.140 MB]
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THCDMH01	Conceptual Design of Superconducting Combined-Function Magnets for the Next Generation of Beam Cancer Therapy Gantry	quadrupole, dipole, sextupole, superconducting-magnet	138
	S.T. Sanfilippo, A. Anghel, C. Calzolaio, A. Gerbershagen, J.M. Schippers PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	An increasing number of proton therapy facilities are being planned and built at hospital based centers. Many facilities use rotatable gantry beamlines to direct the proton or ion-beam at the patient from different angles. A key issue is the need to make future gantries lighter and more compact with the use of cryogen-free superconducting magnets, in particular for the final bending section which can be of large aperture. Benefits of using the superconducting technology are: (1) the possibility to have a large momentum acceptance, hence reducing the need to ramp the magnet and enabling new treatment techniques, (2) the size reduction due to a lower bend radius and (3) the weight reduction up to a factor ten. The latter will also significantly reduce the costs of the supporting structure. We present a conceptual design based on Nb3Sn superconducting combined function magnets (dipole, quadrupole, sextupole). The geometry using racetracks, the superconducting strand and cable parameters and the results of the thermal and the mechanical studies are reported. These magnets will work at a temperature of about 4.2 K cooled with cryocoolers.
	Slides THCDMH01 [7.959 MB]
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THCEMH01	Vacuum Insulation Tandem Accelerator: Progress and Prospects	neutron, ion, vacuum, tandem-accelerator	147
	S.Yu. Taskaev, A.A. Ivanov, D.A. Kasatov, A.N. Makarov, Y.M. Ostreinov, I.M. Shchudlo, I.N. Sorokin, T. Sycheva BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia T.A. Bykov Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia A.A. Ivanov, Ya.A. Kolesnikov, A.M. Koshkarev, E.O. Sokolova, S.Yu. Taskaev NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The study was supported by the grants from the Ministry of Science of the Russian Federation, the Russian Science Foundation, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and Novosibirsk State University. A promising method of treatment of many malignant tumors is the boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). It provides a selective destruction of tumor cells by prior accumulation of a stable boron-10 isotope inside them and subsequent irradiation with epithermal neutrons. It is expected that accelerator based neutron sources will be created for the clinical practice. One such source could be an original source of epithermal neutrons, created in BINP. To obtain proton beam a new type of particle accelerator is used - tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation. Generation of neutrons is carried out as a result of the threshold reaction 7Li(p, n)7Be. During 2015-2016 in the construction of tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation several changes were made. This allowed us to suppress the unwanted flow of charged particles in the accelerator, to improve its high-voltage stability, and to increase the proton beam current from 1.6 to 5 mA. Such current value is sufficient for BNCT. The report describes in detail the modernization of the accelerator, presents and discusses the results of experiments on obtaining the proton beam and the formation of neutron flux using lithium target, and declares our prospective plans. The obtained neutron beam meets the requirements of BNCT: the irradiation of cell cultures provides the destruction of cells with boron and preservation of cells without boron. Irradiation of immunodeficient mice with grafted glioblastoma results in their recovery. Neutron Capture Therapy. Principles and Applications. Eds: W. Sauerwein, A. Wittig, R. Moss, Y. Nakagawa. Springer, 2012. **S. Taskaev. Accelerator based epithermal neutron source. Physics of Particles and Nuclei 46 (2015) 956-990.
	Slides THCEMH01 [7.616 MB]
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TUCASH04	Physical Start-up of the C-80 Isochronous Cyclotron	cyclotron, beam-transport, diagnostics, vacuum	179
	Yu.N. Gavrish, A.V. Galchuck, S.V. Grigorenko, A.N. Kuzhlev, V.G. Mudrolyubov NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia D.A. Amerkanov, S.A. Artamonov, E.M. Ivanov, G.A. Riabov, V.I. Yurchenko PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
	Works on the creation of a cyclotron for the acceleration of H⁻ ions at energies ranging from 40 up to 80 MeV have been carried out over a number of years in PNPI, the National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute. The cyclotron is intended for production of a wide assortment of radioisotopes for medicine including radiation generators (Sr-Rb, Ge-Ga), proton therapy of ophthalmic diseases, tests of radioelectronic components for radiation resistance, studies in the field of nuclear physics and radiation material science. In June, 2016 physical start-up of the cyclotron was realized in the pulsed mode; the beam of ~10 mkA was obtained at the inner probe, the extracted beam at the first diagnostic device was ~8 mkA and ~7.5 mkA at the final diagnostic device of the beamline. In the near future we plan to obtain the design intensity of 100 mkA.
	Slides TUCASH04 [13.477 MB]
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TUCASH05	The CC1-3 Cyclotron System. Installation and Test Results	cyclotron, vacuum, controls, ion	182
	V.G. Mudrolyubov, A.V. Antonov, M.A. Emeljanov, A.V. Galchuck, Yu.N. Gavrish, S.V. Grigorenko, V.I. Grigoriev, L.E. Korolev, M.T. Kozienko, A.N. Kuzhlev, A.G. Miroshnichenko, G.V. Muraviov, V.I. Nikishkin, V.I. Ponomarenko, K.E. Smirnov, Yu.I. Stogov, A.P. Strokach, S.S. Tsygankov, O.L. Veresov NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
	A unique CC1-3 cyclotron system has been installed in the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia to be used in the laboratory of nuclear-physical methods of the elemental analysis A compact cyclotron and a beam shaping system ensure an accelerated proton beam in a wide range of energies from 1 to 3 MeV with a spectrum width not more than 0.1%. Tests of the cyclotron system have been carried out at proton energies of 1.0, 1.7 and 3 MeV with the beam transport to the final diagnostic device.
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TUPSA011	Matching the Proton Beam by Means of Independently Phased Bunchers in CYCLINAC Concept	cyclotron, linac, simulation, ion	234
	V.S. Dyubkov, S.M. Polozov, K.E. Prianishnikov MEPhI, Moscow, Russia S.M. Polozov ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	Nowadays a hadron therapy is one of the modern methods of a cancer treatment. For that purpose it is required that a proton beam, accelerated up to 250 MeV, penetrates on a depth about of 30 cm. It is known that linac, cyclotron and synchrotron can be used as a sources of proton/ion beams. The main linac advantages are a high beam quality and a possibility of beam energy variation but, on the other hand, initial low-energy part of a linac is markedly expensive. Production of mentioned beams is possible on the base of a concept called CYCLINAC, when a commercial cyclotron is used as an injector, in which protons are accelerated up to 20-30 MeV, for main linac. Matching the beam from a cyclotron with a linac input is the main problem of this concept. It is caused by difference of operating frequencies of cyclotron and linear accelerator as well as a high phase size of a bunch from the cyclotron. It is proposed to use the system of independently phased bunchers for beam matching. Solenoids are proposed to use for a limitation of transverse emittance growth. The BEAMDULAC-CYCLINAC program is developed for simulation of the self-consistent dynamics of proton beams in a matching channel. Results of beam dynamics simulation for CYCLINAC will be presented and discussed.
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TUPSA015	Acceleration of Deuterons and Protons in Single RFQ Strucrure	rfq, ion, acceleration, focusing	247
	A.D. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Ovsyannikov, Y.A. Svistunov Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia A.P. Durkin MRTI RAS, Moscow, Russia
	Some aspects of acceleration of protons and deuterons in single RFQ are considered. Usually vane voltage for protons must be two times less than vane voltage for deuterons. If space charge is significant vane voltage for protons can be too small to reach high efficiency of bunching and focusing of protons beam. It is shown that a rising of voltage up to nominal value for deuterons leads to increasing of capture and transmission for protons. Another problem is concerned with a choice of radial matching section parameters, which are optimal for both beams (proton and deuterons) simultaneously. Methods of optimization are discussed. Analysis of particles dynamics is illustrated by calculation's results.
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TUPSA016	Beam Simulation and Measurements at Beam Line to RADEX Experimental Area of INR Linac	linac, quadrupole, simulation, emittance	250
	V.N. Aseev, S. Bragin, S.A. Gavrilov, P.I. Reinhardt-Nickoulin, O. Volodkevich RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
	In 2015 the experimental complex beam lines of INR linac were upgraded. There is a need to study beam dynamics in these lines. The results of beam simulation at beam line to RADEX experimental area and comparison with beam measurements are presented.
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TUPSA026	Beam Dynamics Study for the New CW RFQ	rfq, linac, simulation, space-charge	267
	S.M. Polozov, W.A. Barth, T. Kulevoy, Y. Lozeev, S. Yaramyshev MEPhI, Moscow, Russia W.A. Barth, F.D. Dziuba, S. Yaramyshev GSI, Darmstadt, Germany W.A. Barth, F.D. Dziuba HIM, Mainz, Germany T. Kulevoy, S.M. Polozov ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	A compact "university scale" CW research proton accelerator, as well as driver linac with three branches of experimental beam lines, delivering beam energy of 3, 10 and 30 MeV for dedicated experiments, are recently under development in Russia. A proposed front-end system of both linacs comprises a 2 MeV CW RFQ, which is foreseen to bunch and accelerate up to 10 mA proton beam. The RFQ design is presented. The beam dynamics simulation results, obtained by means of different simulation code, are discussed and compared.
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TUPSA036	Manufacturing Tolerances Estimation for Proton Linac Cavities	coupling, linac, simulation, cavity	291
	I.V. Rybakov, V.V. Paramonov, A.K. Skasyrskaya RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
	The definition of manufacturing tolerances is one of the stages of accelerating structure construction. In case of proton linacs the value of accelerating field homogeneity is a critical parameter. It depends both on cells frequencies perturbations and the coupling coefficient perturbations. These values could be obtained using the numerical simulations of the characteristic electromagnetic oscillations in the cell. There is the method that allows the reduction of the simulations time and to avoid separate simulations for each geometrical parameter of the structure. This method was improved and extended for the pi/2-wave, pi-wave and travelling wave structures. Several examples of the method application, including the structure for the first cavity of the main part of INR linac, are presented.
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TUPSA041	High-Energy Micro-Buncher Based on the mm-Wavelength Dielectric Structure	electron, wakefield, plasma, quadrupole	303
	A.V. Petrenko CERN, Geneva, Switzerland I.L. Sheinman LETI, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
	The proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration is a recently proposed technique promising a GeV/m rate of acceleration to a TeV-scale energy in a single plasma stage. In order to excite high-amplitude plasma wakefields a long proton bunch from a synchrotron should be broken into a sequence of sub-mm long micro-bunches which can drive the plasma oscillations resonantly. We suggest a novel approach to produce the required train of micro-bunches using collinear wakefield acceleration in a dielectric-loaded structures. First the energy modulation is introduced into the proton beam with the help of the mm-wavelength dielectric accelerating structure. Then the energy modulation is transformed into the longitudinal micro-bunching using proton beamline with magnetic dipoles. Beam dynamics simulations were used to find the appropriate parameters of the dielectric accelerating structure, driving electron bunch and the beam focusing system.
	Poster TUPSA041 [0.792 MB]
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WEPSB045	The Way To Improve Conformity Of Proton Therapy	target, scattering, radiation, ion	464
	I.A. Yakovlev, S.V. Akulinichev, Y.K. Gavrilov RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia R.D. Ilich VINCA, Belgrade, Serbia
	Funding: Institute for nuclear research of RAS (INR), Moscow 117312, Russia In the case of small tumors the pencil beam width may be comparable with the target size. In these cases the application of classic method of passive beam scattering with a one-stage formation of dose distribution may be reasonable. However, the last method in its standard implementation fails to provide the dose conformity: either the maximal dose exceeds the tumor volume on its proximate site or the dose deviates too much within the tumor. In order to overcome this shortcoming of the passive scattering method, we suggest a new construction of a two-component ridge filter (the corresponding patent is pending). We have performed a series of calculations with the Monte-Carlo code SRNA in order to find the optimal construction from the point of view of dose delivery accuracy and of the device manufacturability. With that ridge filter the 95% isodose does not notably leave the tumor volume. The usual 'wings' of isodoses on proximate side are now absent and the volume of irradiated healthy tissue is significantly reduced. The experimental tests with proton beams are now in progress.
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WEPSB048	Beam Shaping Assembly Optimization for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy	neutron, simulation, photon, target	471
	T. Sycheva, S.Yu. Taskaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia S.A. Frolov, S.I. Lezhnin NSI RAS, Moscow, Russia
	Epithermal neutron source, based on vacuum insulation tandem accelerator and lithium target, has been developed and is now in use in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. Neutrons are generated in 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction under proton energies from 2 to 2.5 MeV. A beam shaping assembly (BSA) for therapeutic neutron beam forming is used. It includes moderator, reflector, and absorber. In this work the simulation results of the depth dose rate distribution in modified Snyder head phantom for a range of neutron energies are presented and discussed. Variants of BSA optimization depending on tumor depth are proposed. The calculations were carried out by Monte-Carlo neutron and photon transport code NMC. Our research revealed that high quality neutron beam generation may be obtained with proton energy of 2.3 MeV. Discovered optimal schemes of BSA including sizes and materials are presented and discussed.
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WEPSB055	The Problems of Accelerator-Driver Design for ADS	neutron, target, linac, controls	486
	A.G. Golovkina, I.V. Kudinovich, D.A. Ovsyannikov St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia I.V. Kudinovich KSRC, St. Petersburg, Russia Y.A. Svistunov Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia Y.A. Svistunov NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
	Main problems of accelerator-driver design for ADS are considered. Accelerator-driver should meet additional requirements in comparison with accelerators for other purposes: - high neutron production rate; - higher reliability; - continuous operation for more than 5000 hours; - possibility of accelerator parameters adjustment to regulate ADS power level. Different types of accelerators were analyzed taking into account the mentioned features and the fact that the most prospective way of ADS application nowadays is transmutation. It's shown that the most preferable accelerator type is proton linac. Also it's marked that for demonstration facilities accelerators with lower requirements and correspondingly cost can be used.
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WEPSB065	Development of the Beam Diagnostic System for the Radiobiological Research at the Proton Linear Accelerator I-2	experiment, diagnostics, detector, radiation	508
	A.V. Bakhmutova, A. Golubev, A.V. Kantsyrev, N.V. Markov ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	Funding: RFBR 16-32-00393 At the present time at ITEP there is a possibility to investigate the biological mechanisms of the low energy protons on living systems on linear accelerator I-2. The unique high current linear accelerator allows to obtain 20 MeV intense proton beams. They could be used for the radiobiological research in a wide range of absorbed doses and for different cell types. Currently some preliminary experiments were made to specify diagnostic equipment required for further investigations. This work presents the main results on the proton beam parameters measurements such as beam current, beam cross section dimension as well as the measurements of the absorbed dose and depth dose distribution using different types of detectors.
	Poster WEPSB065 [9.739 MB]
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WEPSB067	Modeling of ADSR Dynamics With Proton Linac in Multi-Point Approximation	neutron, linac, HOM, feedback	511
	A.G. Golovkina St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
	The mathematical model of multi-point kinetics is proposed in the paper. The transients in subcritical reactor driven by proton linac taking into account the fuel and coolant temperature feedbacks are analyzed using this model. In contrast to the widely used point kinetics model, the proposed model makes it possible to more accurately take into account the heterogeneity of the material composition in the core. That is the one of the main features of transmutation systems with accelerator-driver.
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THPSC033	Obtainment of 5 mA 2 MeV Proton Beam in the Vacuum Insulation Tandem Accelerator	ion, vacuum, electron, tandem-accelerator	618
	I.M. Shchudlo, D.A. Kasatov, A.M. Koshkarev, A.N. Makarov, Y.M. Ostreinov, I.N. Sorokin, S.Yu. Taskaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The study was supported by the grants from the Russian Science Foundation (Project No.14-32-00006), Budker Nuclear Institute and Novosibirsk State University In BINP the neutron source for BNCT based on proton accelerator was designed and built. It is necessary for the therapy to ensure a stable proton beam current of not less than 3 mA with energy 2 MeV. During the injection of negative hydrogen ion beam into the accelerator the unwanted charged particles are produced, affecting the stability of beam parameters. The article describes meth-ods of suppression of undesirable charged particles and the results of experiments.
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THPSC041	New Superconducting Linac Injector Project for Nuclotron-Nica: Current Results	linac, acceleration, simulation, focusing	626
	S.M. Polozov, M. Gusarova, T. Kulevoy, M.V. Lalayan, A.V. Samoshin, S.E. Toporkov, V. Zvyagintsev MEPhI, Moscow, Russia M.A. Baturitski, S.A. Maksimenko INP BSU, Minsk, Belarus A.V. Butenko, A.O. Sidorin, G.V. Trubnikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia A.A. Marysheva, V.S. Petrakovsky, I.L. Pobol, A.I. Pokrovsky, D.A. Shparla, S.V. Yurevich Physical-Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus V. Zvyagintsev TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	The joint collaboration of JINR, NRNU MEPhI, INP BSU, PTI NASB, BSUIR and SPMRC NASB started in 2015 a new project on the development of superconducting cavities production and test technologies and new linac-injector design. This linac intend for the protons acceleration up to25 MeV (up to 50 MeV after upgrade) and light ions acceleration up to ~7.5 MeV/u for Nuclotron-NICA injection. Current status of linac general design and results of the beam dynamics simulation and SRF technology development are presented in this report.
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THPSC050	Possibilities of Diffraction Radiation Non-Destructive Diagnostics for Non- and Moderately Relativistic Beams	radiation, target, diagnostics, simulation	644
	D.A. Shkitov, A. Potylitsyn TPU, Tomsk, Russia
	Funding: The work was partially supported by the RFBR grant No 15-52-50028. In order to design and construct new modern accelerators with high brightness beams, the development new non-destructive diagnostic tools for accelerated beams is required. Diffraction radiation (DR) is generated by charged particles moving in the vicinity of the conductive target. The DR technique is used successfully for non-destructive diagnostics for ultrarelativistic beams,. For non-relativistic and moderately relativistic charged particles beams (g ~ a few tens or less, g is the Lorentz factor) non-destructive DR diagnostics can be applied also if a beam intensity is high enough due to coherent effect. Intensity of coherent radiation is proportional to the squared bunch population. In this report estimations of non-destructive bunch diagnostics possibility based on DR for the beam parameters of a few machines are presented. Those estimations were performed for electron machine: PITZ project and laser wakefield accelerator, and moreover for ESS proton linear accelerator**. First evaluation of whole wavelength range DR from 4-mm-slit target gave about 56 mJ from one macro-pulse of ESS accelerator. Amplification of DR spectral-angular intensity due to coherent effect will be in N = 10⁸ times than incoherent radiation from the same beam, where N is the bunch population. P. Karataev et al., PRL 93 (2004) 244802 A. Cianchi et al., PRST-AB 14 (2011) 102803 * http://pitz.desy.de ** B.S. Rao et al., PRST-AB 17 (2014) 011301 *** https://europeanspallationsource.se
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THPSC059	Thermal Loads of Wire-Based Beam Instrumentation at Ion Linacs	electron, ion, instrumentation, niobium	670
	M.M. Churaev, S.A. Gavrilov RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia M.M. Churaev Skoltech, Moscow, Russia M.M. Churaev MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
	Wire-based beam instrumentation remains a reference for calibration of many other instruments, providing direct and accurate measurements with high resolution. However beam power increasing of existing and forthcoming ion linacs results in strict constraints on operation modes acceptable for control and diagnostics. Relevant simulations of wire thermal loads are necessary not only for a mode choice, but also for a preliminary design of such instrumentation. Simulations for different wire materials and various beam parameters are made. Features of the model are discussed. Numerical estimations and conclusions are presented in comparison with some experimental results.
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THPSC070	Measurement of the Proton Beam Profile via an Activation Method of Diagnostics	target, neutron, experiment, diagnostics	698
	E.O. Sokolova Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia D.A. Kasatov, Ya.A. Kolesnikov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The study was supported by grants from the Russian Science Foundation (Project no. 14-32-00006) and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and the Novosibirsk State University. In The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics the accelerator-based source of epithermal neutrons was invented and now operates to be used in the boron neutron capture therapy. Neutrons on the facility are generated during the threshold reaction 7Li(p, n)7Be which occurs when the proton beam is thrown on the lithium target. To control the neutron output it is necessary to monitor the parameters of the accelerated proton beam. The spatial distribution of the accelerated proton beam was measured exactly on the lithium target. Due to the interaction of protons and lithium there is an accumulation of a radioactive isotope of beryllium takes place. After experiments about neutrons generation it seems possible to track an area of beryllium storage and then restore the proton beam profile. The monitoring of gamma-quants with the energy of 0,477 MeV arising during the beryllium decay was carried out via the gamma-spectrometric complex. The main part of this complex is NaI-scintillation detector, which was pre-calibrated with energy. As a result of such kind of diagnostic the profile of the beam, its shape and characteristic size were determined and the results are depicted in this paper. Afterwards it could be used for an estimation of the total neutrons flux, its quantity, also to assess the target state and restore the proton beam profile.
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOZMH01

CEPC-SppC Accelerator Status

collider, positron, luminosity, booster

1

J. Gao
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

In this talk we will give a bird view of the status Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC). The scientific goal and the collider design goal of CECP are described. The luminosity potentail of Super Proton-Proton Collider (SPPC) in the same tunnel of CEPC are also provided. The optimization of parameter designs for CEPC with different energies, machine lengthes, single ring and crab-waist collision partial double ring options, etc. have been given systimatically. The machine lattice design philosophy and conrete lattice design are given. The corresponding SC RF system designs corresponding to different machine options are presented. Key issues for technology R&D, possible time schedule and international collaboration are addressed.

Slides MOZMH01 [10.473 MB]

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TUZMH01

Status of U-70

extraction, target, flattop, acceleration

44

S.V. Ivanov
IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia

Funding: National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute"
The report overviews present status of the Accelerator Complex U70 at IHEP of NRC "Kurchatov Institute". The emphasis is put on the recent activity and upgrades implemented since the previous conference RuPAC-2014, in a run-by-run chronological ordering.
* on behalf of the U70 staff

Slides TUZMH01 [6.858 MB]

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TUZMH02

INR High Intensity Proton Linac. Status and Prospects.

linac, operation, cavity, neutron

48

A. Feschenko, L.V. Kravchuk, V.L. Serov
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia

The status and the prospects of High Intensity INR Linac are presented. The routine beam intensity is equal to 130 mkA. The annual accelerator run duration is about 1600 hours. The main beam user facilities are multipurpose complex for neutron science, isotope production facility and proton therapy facility. The primary activities are accelerator maintenance, modernization of accelerator systems and beam transportation channels, increasing of accelerator reliability, improvement of beam parameters.

Slides TUZMH02 [7.267 MB]

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WECAMH04

Recent Experiments With High Energy Electron Cooler in COSY

electron, target, experiment, storage-ring

67

V.B. Reva, M.I. Bryzgunov, V.V. Parkhomchuk, D.N. Skorobogatov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
V. Kamerdzhiev
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
I.N. Meshkov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The 2 MeV electron cooling system at COSY-Jülich started operation in 2013. The cooling process was observed in the wide energy range of the electron beam from 100 keV to 1.26 MeV. Vertical, horizontal and longitudinal cooling was obtained with bunched and coasting proton beam. This report deals with electron cooling experiments at COSY with proton beam at energy 1.66 and 2.3 GeV. The proton beam was cooled at different regimes: RF on and off, barrier bucket RF, and cluster target on and off.

Slides WECAMH04 [11.045 MB]

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WEYMH01

Development of MHF Conception at ITEP

ion, experiment, linac, extraction

73

N.N. Alexeev, A. Andreev, A. Kolomiets, V.I. Nikolaev, Yu.A. Satov, A. Shumshurov, V. Stolbunov, A. Zarubin
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

The conception of Multi-purpose Hadrons Facility (MHF) began to be discussed at ITEP in the late ~2010s when ITEP-TWAC facility was intensively exploited for physical and applied research with the use of accelerated proton and ion beams varied in a wide range of operating parameters. Technological developments have continued to expand the scope of beams utilizing in diverse fields of science, medicine, industry and education. The ITEP-TWAC facility was decommissioned in 2012 and continues to remain in a state of waiting for reasonable decision on its recovery and upgrade, but conception of MHF is alive and aims at creating a technological base of particle accelerator technique intended for generation of proton and ion beams, covering the needs of many areas of fundamental, applied and technological research and industrial applications, represents a significant scientific and practical interest for modern and future engineering community. Created MHF environment should obviously be friendly and flexible for collaboration with industry, universities, and other national and foreign labs to provide continuous intelligent and technological progress. The key components of the MHF mission and vision are presented.

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WEYMH02

A Radioactive Ion Beam and Isotope Production Facility for iThemba LABS

target, cyclotron, neutron, radiation

78

J.L. Conradie, L.S. Anthony, F. Azaiez, S. Baard, R.A. Bark, A.H. Barnard, J.I. Broodryk, J.C. Cornell, J.G. De Villiers, H. Du Plessis, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, P.G. Gardiner, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, J. Lawrie, C. Lussi, N.R. Mantengu, R.H. McAlister, J. Mira, H.W. Mostert, C. Naidoo, F. Nemulodi, M. Sakildien, G.F. Steyn, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
A. Andrighetto, A. Monetti, G.P. Prete, M. Rossignoli
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

iThemba LABS is a multidisciplinary research institute that provides accelerator-based facilities for physical, biomedical and material sciences, treatment of cancer patients with neutrons and protons and the production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals. The demand for beam time by the 3 main users namely, radioisotope production, nuclear physics research and medical applications, by far exceeds the available time. A feasibility study for a new radioactive ion beam and radioisotope production facility at iThemba LABS is in progress. A dedicated isotope production facility is proposed, which will free the existing K=200 separated sector cyclotron facility for nuclear physics research with stable beams. The K=200 cyclotron will be used as driver for the production of radioactive beams. An overview of the proposed facilities will be given.

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WEZMH01

Spallation Neutron Source at the 1 Gev Synchrocyclotron of PNPI

neutron, target, resonance, experiment

90

O.A. Shcherbakov, E.M. Ivanov, G.F. Mikheev, G.A. Petrov, G.A. Riabov, A.S. Vorobyev
PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia

A description of the spallation pulsed neutron source and neutron time-of-flight spectrometer GNEIS based on the 1 GeV proton synchrocyclotron of PNPI in Gatchina is presented. The main parameters of the neutron source and GNEIS are given in comparison with the analogous world-class facilities. The experimental capabilities of the GNEIS are demonstrated by the examples of some nuclear physics and applied research experiments carried out during four decades of its operation.

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THCAMH01

Universal Proton and Neutron Centre for Radiation Resistance of Avionic, Space Electronics and Other Applications at 1 Gev Synchrocyclotron in PNPI

neutron, target, radiation, electronics

105

S.A. Artamonov, D.A. Amerkanov, E.M. Ivanov, J.S. Lebedeva, G.F. Mikheev, G.A. Riabov, O.A. Shcherbakov, A.S. Vorobyev
PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
V.S. Anashin, L.R. Bakirov, A.E. Koziukov
United Rocket and Space Corporation, Institute of Space Device Engineering, Moscow, Russia
P.A. Chubunov
ISDE, Moscow, Russia

In PNPI RNC KI a universal center for testing electronic components for the needs of aviation and space and other applications is created on the synchrocyclotron SC-1000 with the proton energy of 1 GeV. The center consists of two protons and one neutron stands for test facilities developed at the PNPI in collaboration with the ROSCOSMOS Interagency Testing Center. The PNPI center is equipped with all necessary systems of diagnostics and monitoring of a beam, installation of targets on a beam. There is an opportunity to vary temperature of exemplars in the wide range. A unique conjunction of proton beams with variable energy 60-1000 MeV and atmospheric like neutron beam with broad energy range (1-1000 MeV) spectrum enable to perform complex testing of the semiconductor electronic devices at the SC-1000 within a single testing cycle.

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THCAMH03

The Target Development For Medical Radionuclides 67Cu and 82Sr Production

target, diagnostics, cyclotron, extraction

111

S.A. Krotov, A.E. Barzakh, L.Kh. Batist, D.V. Fedorov, V.S. Ivanov, P.L. Molkanov, F.V. Moroz, S.Yu. Orlov, V.N. Panteleev, Yu.M. Volkov
PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia

A high current cyclotron C-80 with the energy of extracted proton beam of 40-80 MeV and the current up to 200 mkA has been constructed at PNPI (Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute). Presently the work is in progress for external proton beam adjustment. The main goal of the C-80 is production of medical radionuclides for diagnostics and therapy. This cyclotron is also intended for treatment of ophthalmologic diseases by irradiation of malignant eye formation. At the beam of C-80 the radioisotope complex RIC-80 (Radioactive Isotopes at cyclotron C-80), has been designed, which ensures obtaining sources of a high activity practically for the whole list of medical radionuclides produced at accelerators. An essential peculiarity of the RIC-80 is the use of the mass-separator that will allow the production of separated high purity radionuclides very important for medicine purposes. Presently different target prototypes for the production of radionuclides at the RIC-80 are being developed. The results of different target material tests for production of radioisotopes 67Cu, 82Sr, 223, 224Ra and others have been presented.

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THCAMH05

The CC-18/9M Cyclotron System for Production of Isotopes for PET

target, cyclotron, ion, diagnostics

117

R.M. Klopenkov, M.A. Emeljanov, A.V. Galchuck, Yu.N. Gavrish, P.A. Gnutov, S.V. Grigorenko, V.I. Grigoriev, M.L. Klopenkov, L.E. Korolev, A.N. Kuzhlev, A.G. Miroshnichenko, V.G. Mudrolyubov, G.V. Muraviov, V.I. Nikishkin, V.I. Ponomarenko, K.E. Smirnov, Yu.I. Stogov, A.P. Strokach, S.S. Tsygankov, O.L. Veresov
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
I.A. Ashanin, I.P. Grigoryev, A.S. Guchkin
CHTD, Moscow, Russia

The CC-18/9M cyclotron system has been designed, manufactured and delivered to JSC "NIITFA", Moscow to be operated in a pilot PET center. Acceptance tests have been conducted; design parameters of the updated cyclotron have been obtained: energy variation of accelerated proton and deuteron beams within the ranges of 12 - 18 and 6 - 9 MeV with currents of 150 and 50 mkA respectively. For the first time in NIIEFA practice the cyclotron is equipped with a target system intended for the production of F-18 and C-11 radionuclides for PET. At present the cyclotron system in the PET center is put into commercial operation.

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THCAMH06

Gantry Free Transport Line for a Proton/Ion Therapy

ion, target, controls, radiation

120

M.M. Kats
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

For a long time a gantry was considered as a mandatory element for proton/ion therapy facility. However medics from MGH (Boston) suggested alternative concept which leads to decrease both cost and size of the facility*. The concept is based on the following provisions: - immovable isocenter; - active scanning of a target volume; - different positions of patients at different fractions: - using CT on the place of irradiation after each change of positions of the patient for improvement plan; - using small change direction of the beam (like ±100). The "Planar isocentric system" developed by author can be used to enlarge the flexibility of the concept**. It's relatively chip, small and can be realized for short time. It can be used for treatment for 90% of localizations. The system can replace gantry in centers of proton/ion therapy providing significant decreasing of treatment price. The details of the system are presented and discussed.
* Susu Yan et al, MGH Reassessment of the Necessity of the Proton Gantry: Analysis of Beam Orientations From 4332 Treatments.., Radiation Oncology, May 1, 2016 V. 95, Issue 1, P.224.
** M.M.Kats, Planar isocentric system instead of gantry, PTCOG55, 2016.

Slides THCAMH06 [1.580 MB]

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THYMH02

Hadron Therapy Research and Applications at JINR

cyclotron, extraction, acceleration, ion

123

G. Shirkov, S. Gurskiy, O. Karamyshev, G.A. Karamysheva, N.A. Morozov, E.V. Samsonov, S.G. Shirkov, G.V. Trubnikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
D.V. Popov
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

JINR has the unique experience in cancer treatment with proton beam during about 50 years. In 2005 the collaboration with IBA (Belgium) was established. During these years the technical design of the first carbon superconducting cyclotron C400 was successfully created, the construction of serial proton cyclotron C230 was significantly improved and the fist modernized cyclotron C235 was assembled, debugged and put in the test operation in Dubna in 2013. This C235 will be used soon in the first Russian medical center with proton therapy in Dimitrovgrad. In 2015 the joint project with ASIPP (Hefei, China) on design and construction of superconducting proton cyclotron SC200 was started. Two samples of SC200 should be created according to the Collaboration Agreement between JINR and ASIPP. One will be used for proton therapy in Hefei and the second one should be used to replace the synchrocyclotron Phasotron in investigations on proton therapy at JINR.

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THCDMH01

Conceptual Design of Superconducting Combined-Function Magnets for the Next Generation of Beam Cancer Therapy Gantry

quadrupole, dipole, sextupole, superconducting-magnet

138

S.T. Sanfilippo, A. Anghel, C. Calzolaio, A. Gerbershagen, J.M. Schippers
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

An increasing number of proton therapy facilities are being planned and built at hospital based centers. Many facilities use rotatable gantry beamlines to direct the proton or ion-beam at the patient from different angles. A key issue is the need to make future gantries lighter and more compact with the use of cryogen-free superconducting magnets, in particular for the final bending section which can be of large aperture. Benefits of using the superconducting technology are: (1) the possibility to have a large momentum acceptance, hence reducing the need to ramp the magnet and enabling new treatment techniques, (2) the size reduction due to a lower bend radius and (3) the weight reduction up to a factor ten. The latter will also significantly reduce the costs of the supporting structure. We present a conceptual design based on Nb3Sn superconducting combined function magnets (dipole, quadrupole, sextupole). The geometry using racetracks, the superconducting strand and cable parameters and the results of the thermal and the mechanical studies are reported. These magnets will work at a temperature of about 4.2 K cooled with cryocoolers.

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THCEMH01

Vacuum Insulation Tandem Accelerator: Progress and Prospects

neutron, ion, vacuum, tandem-accelerator

147

S.Yu. Taskaev, A.A. Ivanov, D.A. Kasatov, A.N. Makarov, Y.M. Ostreinov, I.M. Shchudlo, I.N. Sorokin, T. Sycheva
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
T.A. Bykov
Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
A.A. Ivanov, Ya.A. Kolesnikov, A.M. Koshkarev, E.O. Sokolova, S.Yu. Taskaev
NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The study was supported by the grants from the Ministry of Science of the Russian Federation, the Russian Science Foundation, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and Novosibirsk State University.
A promising method of treatment of many malignant tumors is the boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT)*. It provides a selective destruction of tumor cells by prior accumulation of a stable boron-10 isotope inside them and subsequent irradiation with epithermal neutrons. It is expected that accelerator based neutron sources will be created for the clinical practice. One such source could be an original source of epithermal neutrons**, created in BINP. To obtain proton beam a new type of particle accelerator is used - tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation. Generation of neutrons is carried out as a result of the threshold reaction 7Li(p, n)7Be. During 2015-2016 in the construction of tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation several changes were made. This allowed us to suppress the unwanted flow of charged particles in the accelerator, to improve its high-voltage stability, and to increase the proton beam current from 1.6 to 5 mA. Such current value is sufficient for BNCT. The report describes in detail the modernization of the accelerator, presents and discusses the results of experiments on obtaining the proton beam and the formation of neutron flux using lithium target, and declares our prospective plans. The obtained neutron beam meets the requirements of BNCT: the irradiation of cell cultures provides the destruction of cells with boron and preservation of cells without boron. Irradiation of immunodeficient mice with grafted glioblastoma results in their recovery.
*Neutron Capture Therapy. Principles and Applications. Eds: W. Sauerwein, A. Wittig, R. Moss, Y. Nakagawa. Springer, 2012.
**S. Taskaev. Accelerator based epithermal neutron source. Physics of Particles and Nuclei 46 (2015) 956-990.

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TUCASH04

Physical Start-up of the C-80 Isochronous Cyclotron

cyclotron, beam-transport, diagnostics, vacuum

179

Yu.N. Gavrish, A.V. Galchuck, S.V. Grigorenko, A.N. Kuzhlev, V.G. Mudrolyubov
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
D.A. Amerkanov, S.A. Artamonov, E.M. Ivanov, G.A. Riabov, V.I. Yurchenko
PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia

Works on the creation of a cyclotron for the acceleration of H⁻ ions at energies ranging from 40 up to 80 MeV have been carried out over a number of years in PNPI, the National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute. The cyclotron is intended for production of a wide assortment of radioisotopes for medicine including radiation generators (Sr-Rb, Ge-Ga), proton therapy of ophthalmic diseases, tests of radioelectronic components for radiation resistance, studies in the field of nuclear physics and radiation material science. In June, 2016 physical start-up of the cyclotron was realized in the pulsed mode; the beam of ~10 mkA was obtained at the inner probe, the extracted beam at the first diagnostic device was ~8 mkA and ~7.5 mkA at the final diagnostic device of the beamline. In the near future we plan to obtain the design intensity of 100 mkA.

Slides TUCASH04 [13.477 MB]

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TUCASH05

The CC1-3 Cyclotron System. Installation and Test Results

cyclotron, vacuum, controls, ion

182

V.G. Mudrolyubov, A.V. Antonov, M.A. Emeljanov, A.V. Galchuck, Yu.N. Gavrish, S.V. Grigorenko, V.I. Grigoriev, L.E. Korolev, M.T. Kozienko, A.N. Kuzhlev, A.G. Miroshnichenko, G.V. Muraviov, V.I. Nikishkin, V.I. Ponomarenko, K.E. Smirnov, Yu.I. Stogov, A.P. Strokach, S.S. Tsygankov, O.L. Veresov
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia

A unique CC1-3 cyclotron system has been installed in the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia to be used in the laboratory of nuclear-physical methods of the elemental analysis A compact cyclotron and a beam shaping system ensure an accelerated proton beam in a wide range of energies from 1 to 3 MeV with a spectrum width not more than 0.1%. Tests of the cyclotron system have been carried out at proton energies of 1.0, 1.7 and 3 MeV with the beam transport to the final diagnostic device.

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TUPSA011

Matching the Proton Beam by Means of Independently Phased Bunchers in CYCLINAC Concept

cyclotron, linac, simulation, ion

234

V.S. Dyubkov, S.M. Polozov, K.E. Prianishnikov
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
S.M. Polozov
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

Nowadays a hadron therapy is one of the modern methods of a cancer treatment. For that purpose it is required that a proton beam, accelerated up to 250 MeV, penetrates on a depth about of 30 cm. It is known that linac, cyclotron and synchrotron can be used as a sources of proton/ion beams. The main linac advantages are a high beam quality and a possibility of beam energy variation but, on the other hand, initial low-energy part of a linac is markedly expensive. Production of mentioned beams is possible on the base of a concept called CYCLINAC, when a commercial cyclotron is used as an injector, in which protons are accelerated up to 20-30 MeV, for main linac. Matching the beam from a cyclotron with a linac input is the main problem of this concept. It is caused by difference of operating frequencies of cyclotron and linear accelerator as well as a high phase size of a bunch from the cyclotron. It is proposed to use the system of independently phased bunchers for beam matching. Solenoids are proposed to use for a limitation of transverse emittance growth. The BEAMDULAC-CYCLINAC program is developed for simulation of the self-consistent dynamics of proton beams in a matching channel. Results of beam dynamics simulation for CYCLINAC will be presented and discussed.

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TUPSA015

Acceleration of Deuterons and Protons in Single RFQ Strucrure

rfq, ion, acceleration, focusing

247

A.D. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Ovsyannikov, Y.A. Svistunov
Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
A.P. Durkin
MRTI RAS, Moscow, Russia

Some aspects of acceleration of protons and deuterons in single RFQ are considered. Usually vane voltage for protons must be two times less than vane voltage for deuterons. If space charge is significant vane voltage for protons can be too small to reach high efficiency of bunching and focusing of protons beam. It is shown that a rising of voltage up to nominal value for deuterons leads to increasing of capture and transmission for protons. Another problem is concerned with a choice of radial matching section parameters, which are optimal for both beams (proton and deuterons) simultaneously. Methods of optimization are discussed. Analysis of particles dynamics is illustrated by calculation's results.

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TUPSA016

Beam Simulation and Measurements at Beam Line to RADEX Experimental Area of INR Linac

linac, quadrupole, simulation, emittance

250

V.N. Aseev, S. Bragin, S.A. Gavrilov, P.I. Reinhardt-Nickoulin, O. Volodkevich
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia

In 2015 the experimental complex beam lines of INR linac were upgraded. There is a need to study beam dynamics in these lines. The results of beam simulation at beam line to RADEX experimental area and comparison with beam measurements are presented.

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TUPSA026

Beam Dynamics Study for the New CW RFQ

rfq, linac, simulation, space-charge

267

S.M. Polozov, W.A. Barth, T. Kulevoy, Y. Lozeev, S. Yaramyshev
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
W.A. Barth, F.D. Dziuba, S. Yaramyshev
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
W.A. Barth, F.D. Dziuba
HIM, Mainz, Germany
T. Kulevoy, S.M. Polozov
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

A compact "university scale" CW research proton accelerator, as well as driver linac with three branches of experimental beam lines, delivering beam energy of 3, 10 and 30 MeV for dedicated experiments, are recently under development in Russia. A proposed front-end system of both linacs comprises a 2 MeV CW RFQ, which is foreseen to bunch and accelerate up to 10 mA proton beam. The RFQ design is presented. The beam dynamics simulation results, obtained by means of different simulation code, are discussed and compared.

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TUPSA036

Manufacturing Tolerances Estimation for Proton Linac Cavities

coupling, linac, simulation, cavity

291

I.V. Rybakov, V.V. Paramonov, A.K. Skasyrskaya
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia

The definition of manufacturing tolerances is one of the stages of accelerating structure construction. In case of proton linacs the value of accelerating field homogeneity is a critical parameter. It depends both on cells frequencies perturbations and the coupling coefficient perturbations. These values could be obtained using the numerical simulations of the characteristic electromagnetic oscillations in the cell. There is the method that allows the reduction of the simulations time and to avoid separate simulations for each geometrical parameter of the structure. This method was improved and extended for the pi/2-wave, pi-wave and travelling wave structures. Several examples of the method application, including the structure for the first cavity of the main part of INR linac, are presented.

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TUPSA041

High-Energy Micro-Buncher Based on the mm-Wavelength Dielectric Structure

electron, wakefield, plasma, quadrupole

303

A.V. Petrenko
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
I.L. Sheinman
LETI, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

The proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration is a recently proposed technique promising a GeV/m rate of acceleration to a TeV-scale energy in a single plasma stage. In order to excite high-amplitude plasma wakefields a long proton bunch from a synchrotron should be broken into a sequence of sub-mm long micro-bunches which can drive the plasma oscillations resonantly. We suggest a novel approach to produce the required train of micro-bunches using collinear wakefield acceleration in a dielectric-loaded structures. First the energy modulation is introduced into the proton beam with the help of the mm-wavelength dielectric accelerating structure. Then the energy modulation is transformed into the longitudinal micro-bunching using proton beamline with magnetic dipoles. Beam dynamics simulations were used to find the appropriate parameters of the dielectric accelerating structure, driving electron bunch and the beam focusing system.

Poster TUPSA041 [0.792 MB]

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WEPSB045

The Way To Improve Conformity Of Proton Therapy

target, scattering, radiation, ion

464

I.A. Yakovlev, S.V. Akulinichev, Y.K. Gavrilov
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
R.D. Ilich
VINCA, Belgrade, Serbia

Funding: Institute for nuclear research of RAS (INR), Moscow 117312, Russia
In the case of small tumors the pencil beam width may be comparable with the target size. In these cases the application of classic method of passive beam scattering with a one-stage formation of dose distribution may be reasonable. However, the last method in its standard implementation fails to provide the dose conformity: either the maximal dose exceeds the tumor volume on its proximate site or the dose deviates too much within the tumor. In order to overcome this shortcoming of the passive scattering method, we suggest a new construction of a two-component ridge filter (the corresponding patent is pending). We have performed a series of calculations with the Monte-Carlo code SRNA in order to find the optimal construction from the point of view of dose delivery accuracy and of the device manufacturability. With that ridge filter the 95% isodose does not notably leave the tumor volume. The usual 'wings' of isodoses on proximate side are now absent and the volume of irradiated healthy tissue is significantly reduced. The experimental tests with proton beams are now in progress.

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WEPSB048

Beam Shaping Assembly Optimization for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

neutron, simulation, photon, target

471

T. Sycheva, S.Yu. Taskaev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
S.A. Frolov, S.I. Lezhnin
NSI RAS, Moscow, Russia

Epithermal neutron source, based on vacuum insulation tandem accelerator and lithium target, has been developed and is now in use in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. Neutrons are generated in 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction under proton energies from 2 to 2.5 MeV. A beam shaping assembly (BSA) for therapeutic neutron beam forming is used. It includes moderator, reflector, and absorber. In this work the simulation results of the depth dose rate distribution in modified Snyder head phantom for a range of neutron energies are presented and discussed. Variants of BSA optimization depending on tumor depth are proposed. The calculations were carried out by Monte-Carlo neutron and photon transport code NMC. Our research revealed that high quality neutron beam generation may be obtained with proton energy of 2.3 MeV. Discovered optimal schemes of BSA including sizes and materials are presented and discussed.

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WEPSB055

The Problems of Accelerator-Driver Design for ADS

neutron, target, linac, controls

486

A.G. Golovkina, I.V. Kudinovich, D.A. Ovsyannikov
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
I.V. Kudinovich
KSRC, St. Petersburg, Russia
Y.A. Svistunov
Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Y.A. Svistunov
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia

Main problems of accelerator-driver design for ADS are considered. Accelerator-driver should meet additional requirements in comparison with accelerators for other purposes: - high neutron production rate; - higher reliability; - continuous operation for more than 5000 hours; - possibility of accelerator parameters adjustment to regulate ADS power level. Different types of accelerators were analyzed taking into account the mentioned features and the fact that the most prospective way of ADS application nowadays is transmutation. It's shown that the most preferable accelerator type is proton linac. Also it's marked that for demonstration facilities accelerators with lower requirements and correspondingly cost can be used.

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WEPSB065

Development of the Beam Diagnostic System for the Radiobiological Research at the Proton Linear Accelerator I-2

experiment, diagnostics, detector, radiation

508

A.V. Bakhmutova, A. Golubev, A.V. Kantsyrev, N.V. Markov
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

Funding: RFBR 16-32-00393
At the present time at ITEP there is a possibility to investigate the biological mechanisms of the low energy protons on living systems on linear accelerator I-2. The unique high current linear accelerator allows to obtain 20 MeV intense proton beams. They could be used for the radiobiological research in a wide range of absorbed doses and for different cell types. Currently some preliminary experiments were made to specify diagnostic equipment required for further investigations. This work presents the main results on the proton beam parameters measurements such as beam current, beam cross section dimension as well as the measurements of the absorbed dose and depth dose distribution using different types of detectors.

Poster WEPSB065 [9.739 MB]

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WEPSB067

Modeling of ADSR Dynamics With Proton Linac in Multi-Point Approximation

neutron, linac, HOM, feedback

511

A.G. Golovkina
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

The mathematical model of multi-point kinetics is proposed in the paper. The transients in subcritical reactor driven by proton linac taking into account the fuel and coolant temperature feedbacks are analyzed using this model. In contrast to the widely used point kinetics model, the proposed model makes it possible to more accurately take into account the heterogeneity of the material composition in the core. That is the one of the main features of transmutation systems with accelerator-driver.

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THPSC033

Obtainment of 5 mA 2 MeV Proton Beam in the Vacuum Insulation Tandem Accelerator

ion, vacuum, electron, tandem-accelerator

618

I.M. Shchudlo, D.A. Kasatov, A.M. Koshkarev, A.N. Makarov, Y.M. Ostreinov, I.N. Sorokin, S.Yu. Taskaev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The study was supported by the grants from the Russian Science Foundation (Project No.14-32-00006), Budker Nuclear Institute and Novosibirsk State University
In BINP the neutron source for BNCT based on proton accelerator was designed and built. It is necessary for the therapy to ensure a stable proton beam current of not less than 3 mA with energy 2 MeV. During the injection of negative hydrogen ion beam into the accelerator the unwanted charged particles are produced, affecting the stability of beam parameters. The article describes meth-ods of suppression of undesirable charged particles and the results of experiments.

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THPSC041

New Superconducting Linac Injector Project for Nuclotron-Nica: Current Results

linac, acceleration, simulation, focusing

626

S.M. Polozov, M. Gusarova, T. Kulevoy, M.V. Lalayan, A.V. Samoshin, S.E. Toporkov, V. Zvyagintsev
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
M.A. Baturitski, S.A. Maksimenko
INP BSU, Minsk, Belarus
A.V. Butenko, A.O. Sidorin, G.V. Trubnikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
A.A. Marysheva, V.S. Petrakovsky, I.L. Pobol, A.I. Pokrovsky, D.A. Shparla, S.V. Yurevich
Physical-Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
V. Zvyagintsev
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

The joint collaboration of JINR, NRNU MEPhI, INP BSU, PTI NASB, BSUIR and SPMRC NASB started in 2015 a new project on the development of superconducting cavities production and test technologies and new linac-injector design. This linac intend for the protons acceleration up to25 MeV (up to 50 MeV after upgrade) and light ions acceleration up to ~7.5 MeV/u for Nuclotron-NICA injection. Current status of linac general design and results of the beam dynamics simulation and SRF technology development are presented in this report.

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THPSC050

Possibilities of Diffraction Radiation Non-Destructive Diagnostics for Non- and Moderately Relativistic Beams

radiation, target, diagnostics, simulation

644

D.A. Shkitov, A. Potylitsyn
TPU, Tomsk, Russia

Funding: The work was partially supported by the RFBR grant No 15-52-50028.
In order to design and construct new modern accelerators with high brightness beams, the development new non-destructive diagnostic tools for accelerated beams is required. Diffraction radiation (DR) is generated by charged particles moving in the vicinity of the conductive target. The DR technique is used successfully for non-destructive diagnostics for ultrarelativistic beams*,**. For non-relativistic and moderately relativistic charged particles beams (g ~ a few tens or less, g is the Lorentz factor) non-destructive DR diagnostics can be applied also if a beam intensity is high enough due to coherent effect. Intensity of coherent radiation is proportional to the squared bunch population. In this report estimations of non-destructive bunch diagnostics possibility based on DR for the beam parameters of a few machines are presented. Those estimations were performed for electron machine: PITZ project*** and laser wakefield accelerator****, and moreover for ESS proton linear accelerator*****. First evaluation of whole wavelength range DR from 4-mm-slit target gave about 56 mJ from one macro-pulse of ESS accelerator. Amplification of DR spectral-angular intensity due to coherent effect will be in N = 10⁸ times than incoherent radiation from the same beam, where N is the bunch population.
* P. Karataev et al., PRL 93 (2004) 244802
** A. Cianchi et al., PRST-AB 14 (2011) 102803
*** http://pitz.desy.de
**** B.S. Rao et al., PRST-AB 17 (2014) 011301
***** https://europeanspallationsource.se

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THPSC059

Thermal Loads of Wire-Based Beam Instrumentation at Ion Linacs

electron, ion, instrumentation, niobium

670

M.M. Churaev, S.A. Gavrilov
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
M.M. Churaev
Skoltech, Moscow, Russia
M.M. Churaev
MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia

Wire-based beam instrumentation remains a reference for calibration of many other instruments, providing direct and accurate measurements with high resolution. However beam power increasing of existing and forthcoming ion linacs results in strict constraints on operation modes acceptable for control and diagnostics. Relevant simulations of wire thermal loads are necessary not only for a mode choice, but also for a preliminary design of such instrumentation. Simulations for different wire materials and various beam parameters are made. Features of the model are discussed. Numerical estimations and conclusions are presented in comparison with some experimental results.

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THPSC070

Measurement of the Proton Beam Profile via an Activation Method of Diagnostics

target, neutron, experiment, diagnostics

698

E.O. Sokolova
Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
D.A. Kasatov, Ya.A. Kolesnikov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The study was supported by grants from the Russian Science Foundation (Project no. 14-32-00006) and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and the Novosibirsk State University.
In The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics the accelerator-based source of epithermal neutrons was invented and now operates to be used in the boron neutron capture therapy. Neutrons on the facility are generated during the threshold reaction 7Li(p, n)7Be which occurs when the proton beam is thrown on the lithium target. To control the neutron output it is necessary to monitor the parameters of the accelerated proton beam. The spatial distribution of the accelerated proton beam was measured exactly on the lithium target. Due to the interaction of protons and lithium there is an accumulation of a radioactive isotope of beryllium takes place. After experiments about neutrons generation it seems possible to track an area of beryllium storage and then restore the proton beam profile. The monitoring of gamma-quants with the energy of 0,477 MeV arising during the beryllium decay was carried out via the gamma-spectrometric complex. The main part of this complex is NaI-scintillation detector, which was pre-calibrated with energy. As a result of such kind of diagnostic the profile of the beam, its shape and characteristic size were determined and the results are depicted in this paper. Afterwards it could be used for an estimation of the total neutrons flux, its quantity, also to assess the target state and restore the proton beam profile.

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