RuPAC2016 - List of Keywords (coupling)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
TUCASH02	Commissioning and First Tests of the New Standing Wave 10 Mev Electron Accelerator	linac, simulation, electron, site	173
	S.M. Polozov, D.B. Bazyl, T.V. Bondarenko, M. Gusarova, Yu.D. Kliuchevskaia, M.V. Lalayan, V.I. Rashchikov, E.A. Savin MEPhI, Moscow, Russia M.I. Demsky, A.A. Eliseev, V.V. Krotov, D.E. Trifonov CORAD Ltd., St. Petersburg, Russia
	A new linear electron accelerator for industrial applications was developed by the joint team of CORAD and MEPhI. It is based on conventional biperiodical accelerating structure for energy range from 7.5 to 10 MeV and beam power up to 20 kW. The use of modern methods and codes for beam dynamics simulation, raised coupling coefficient and group velocity of SW biperiodic accelerating structure allowed to reach high pulse power utilization and obtain high efficiency. The first two accelerators with the new structure have been installed and tested.
	Slides TUCASH02 [4.924 MB]
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TUCASH07	HF Structure of BETA-8 Electron Resonance Accelerator	cavity, electron, resonance, feedback	188
	M.L. Smetanin VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia
	BETA-8 is new powerful resonance electron accelerator designed in RFNC-VNIIEF to operate in continuous wave generating regime. The basic constituent of accelerator is half-wave coaxial resonator excited at T1 wave. The work presents the main approaches to numerical modeling of accelerator HF power system components. The results of computation of accelerating resonator with operating frequency of 100 MHz and inductive unit of HF power input (UPI) designed to transmit continuous HF signal at operating frequency with mean power level of 600 kW are reported. The transmitting coaxial waveguide connecting UPI with feeding HF generator has been computed, designed and manufactured. The calculated results have been tested by measurements of HF parameters of the resonator assembled with UPI and connecting waveguide. The possibility to locate indicating loop (a detector working in frequency feedback circuit of feeding HF generator) in transmitting feeder has been demonstrated. The method of calibration computation of measuring inductive loop that is an element of amplitude feedback circuit of HF generator is presented. The dual matched load necessary for preliminary adjustment of operating modes of feeding HF generator unit (with mean power up to 180 kW) and technological systems of accelerating complex has been computed, designed and put into operation.
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TUPSA004	Proposal of the Accelerating Structure for the First Cavity of the Main Part of INR Linac	cavity, linac, booster, hadron	216
	I.V. Rybakov, A. Feschenko, Y.Z. Kalinin, L.V. Kravchuk, V.N. Leontiev, A.N. Naboka, V.V. Paramonov, V.L. Serov RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
	For the beam intensity and overall stability improvement of INR linac replacement of the first four section cavity of the main part is required. The present cavity is realized as the Disks and Washers (DAW) structure. The new cavity should not lose to the present one in electro dynamical parameters with minimal modifications in the rest linac systems. As the possible structures for the first cavity replacement both proven in exploitation structures and promising developments were considered. The analysis of electro dynamical parameters, coupled RF heating, mechanical processes and manufacturing analysis were performed for the considered structures. For further development the Cut Disk Structure (CDS) option is proposed as the structure with satisfying RF parameters and having the smallest transverse dimensions in comparison with analogues. For the production simplification with minimal losses in electro dynamical parameters an unification of the main geometrical parameters for the four sections cells was performed. The possibility of multipaction in the cavity is considered and an option for its damping is proposed. The manufacturing tolerances for the structure are estimated.
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TUPSA006	Development of RF Accelerator on Parallel-Coupled Structure - Trend in Accelerator Technique	cavity, electron, focusing, acceleration	219
	Y.D. Chernousov ICKC, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Development of parallel-coupled accelerating structure (PCS), creation of RF linier accelerator based on PCS is new and rapidly developing field of accelerator technology. Compared with conventional accelerating structures with serial communication - the standard traveling and standing waves structures, the PCS has a lot of features and advantages. There are many problems in the development of RF linear accelerators: breakdowns at high power levels, the destruction of the structure due to overheating, the excitation of higher-order mode, the decline of field strength along the structure, transients, beam loading, beam focusing, multipactor, radiation accelerator cleanliness, etc. PCS - the best accelerating structure for solving these problems.
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TUPSA009	Electron Beam Dynamics Calculation and Accelerating Structure Geometry Design in 10 MeV Hybrid Electron Linac	linac, electron, focusing, beam-loading	228
	A.V. Bulanov, S.V. Matsievskiy, E.A. Savin, N.P. Sobenin MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
	Electron linear accelerators with an energy of 10 MeV are widely used for industrial purposes. This article presents the electron dynamic calculations and the design of linac with a standing wave (SW) buncher based on the biperiodic accelerating structure and a constant impedance backward traveling wave (BTW) accelerating section after it. In such accelerator, all unused RF power coming out from BTW section is used in SW section to improve the linac efficiency. Thus no RF load is needed. Also, a beam is experiencing an RF focusing in the SW buncher. Solenoid focusing field influence on the beam dynamics in the TW section was studied.
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TUPSA025	First Results of Beam Dynamics Simulation in electron injector linac for FCC-ee	linac, simulation, gun, beam-loading	264
	S.M. Polozov, T.V. Bondarenko MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
	New high-energy frontier project FCC is now under development at CERN. It is planed that all three modes as ee, hh and eh will be available for FCC. New injection system for FCC-ee is planned to consist of new ~ 2 GeV electron linac and electron-positron converter. Two possible layouts for further beam acceleration are discussed. The high-energy 14 GeV linac is the first layout and the booster synchrotron is the second one. Pre-injector linac design will have two regimes: ~250 pC bunches for injection and ~6 nC bunches for e⁻/e⁺ conversion. In the second case we will have extreme parameters: bunch charge up to 6 nC in 10 ps, up to 10 bunches per pulse and the pulse repetition rate up to 100 Hz. Such beam parameters lead to significant design difficulties caused by very high influence of Coulomb field in the near-cathode region and high peak beam loading. First results of beam dynamics simulation in FCC-ee injection linac and near-cathode dynamics problems are discussed in the report.
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TUPSA030	Regulation of the Waveguide Coupling Factor of Standing Wave Linear Accelerator	resonance, insertion, cavity, electron	279
	D.S. Yurov MSU, Moscow, Russia V.I. Shvedunov LEA MSU, Moscow, Russia V.I. Shvedunov SINP MSU, Moscow, Russia
	Regulation of the waveguide coupling factor of standing wave linear accelerator allows to adjust the value of accelerated current, keeping the reflected RF power close to zero. This ensures the most efficient use of RF energy and absence of overvoltage in the waveguide elements. The paper presents studies results for various methods of coupling factors regulation with continuous wave (CW) normal conducting linear accelerator used as an example. The results of calculations and measurements on the mock-up of the accelerating structure are presented.
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TUPSA035	Estimation of Multipacting in CDS Structure	multipactoring, simulation, cavity, electron	288
	I.V. Rybakov RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia I.I. Isaev DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
	The Cut Disk Structure (CDS) is recommended for replacement of the first cavity of the main part of INR linac. For the cavity work stability there should be no multipactor at operating regime. CDS structure was first set on exploitation at DESY PITZ electron linac. For this cavity according to the analytical estimation multipaction should appear at the operating power level in coupling cells, but it was not approved by the numerical simulation with both accelerating and coupling modes excitation for RF energy transfer along the cavity. The multipactor appears only with the secondaty emission yield (SEY) growth which could happen if the inner surface of the cavity is polluted. The results of multipactor investigation in CDS PITZ were used as reference for the CDS structure for the first cavity of the main part of INR linac. The analytical estimation and numerical simulation of multipactor in CDS INR structure shows the appearance of the discharge in coupling cells with the OFC copper SEY for the operating regime of the cavity. An option for the multipactor damping with the forced excitation of oscillations in coupling cell with voltage higher than upper multipactor limit was considered.
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TUPSA036	Manufacturing Tolerances Estimation for Proton Linac Cavities	linac, proton, simulation, cavity	291
	I.V. Rybakov, V.V. Paramonov, A.K. Skasyrskaya RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
	The definition of manufacturing tolerances is one of the stages of accelerating structure construction. In case of proton linacs the value of accelerating field homogeneity is a critical parameter. It depends both on cells frequencies perturbations and the coupling coefficient perturbations. These values could be obtained using the numerical simulations of the characteristic electromagnetic oscillations in the cell. There is the method that allows the reduction of the simulations time and to avoid separate simulations for each geometrical parameter of the structure. This method was improved and extended for the pi/2-wave, pi-wave and travelling wave structures. Several examples of the method application, including the structure for the first cavity of the main part of INR linac, are presented.
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WEPSB014	Symmetrical Parameterization for 6D Fully Coupled One-Turn Transport Matrix	emittance, lattice, operation, synchrotron	389
	S.A. Glukhov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Symmetry properties of 6D and 4D one-turn symplectic transport matrices were studied. A new parameterization was proposed for 6D matrix, which is an extension of the Lebedev-Bogacz parameterization for 4D case. The parameterization is fully symmetric relative to radial, vertical and longitudinal motion. It can be useful for lattices with strong coupling between all degrees of freedom.
	Poster WEPSB014 [0.908 MB]
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THPSC020	Electromagnetic Compatibility of the Power Supply System for Corrector Magnets of the European XFEL	power-supply, operation, electromagnetic-fields, monitoring	581
	O.V. Belikov, V.R. Kozak BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia H.-J. Eckoldt, N. Heidbrook, B. Moelck DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The power supply system for corrector magnets of European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) includes more than 300 pieces the precise current sources. To avoid the influence each power supplies to others power supplies the developers should consider and provide the electromagnetic compatibility of power supply system components on the designing phase. For this purpose there should be limited electromagnetic emission from power supplies. There is necessity to provide the tolerance of power supplies against electromagnetic emission, electrostatic discharges and other interference from outside. The paper presents the structural solutions which allowed to provide electromagnetic compatibility and results of testing the developed power supplies.
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THPSC043	Series Magnetic Measurements Of NICA Booster Dipoles	dipole, booster, electron, quadrupole	629
	V.V. Borisov, A.V. Bychkov, A.M. Donyagin, O. Golubitsky, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, S.A. Kostromin, M.M. Omelyanenko, M.M. Shandov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia A.V. Shemchuk JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
	NICA booster magnetic system consists of 40 dipole and 48 quadrupole superconducting (SC) magnets. Measurement of magnetic field parameters is assumed for each booster magnets. At the moment six series dipole magnets are assembled and have passed all tests. Booster dipole magnets are 2.14 m-long, 128 /65 mm (h/v) aperture magnets with design similar to Nuclotron dipole magnet but with curved (14.1 m radius) yoke. They will produce fields up to 1.8 T. The magnetic field parameters will be measured at "warm" (300 K) and "cold" (4.5 K) conditions. The obtained results of magnetic measurements of first five magnets are summarized here.
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THPSC067	Coaxial Quarter Wavelength Impedance Converter for Coupling Control of Triode Cavity	impedance, cavity, electron, gun	689
	K. Torgasin, T. Kii, K. Masuda, K. Morita, K. Nagasaki, H. Ohgaki, S. Suphakul, H. Zen Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
	A quarter wavelength coaxial cavity has been developed for triode-type thermionic RF gun. The triode-type RF gun is a modification of present 4.5 cell thermionic RF gun of KU-FEL (Kyoto University Free Electron Laser) facility with aim to mitigate the back'bombardment effect. Thereby a coaxial quarter wavelength cavity with cathode material shall be added to the main 4.5 cell accelerating body. The coaxial cavity has the function of pre-buncher to control the injection phase and power of electron bunches into the main accelerating body. Transient tests have demonstrated the quarter wavelength cavity to be undercoupled. However, for operation at high beam loading conditions overcoupled conditions are required. In order to control the coupling we have developed an external air side coaxial quarter wavelength impedance converter. The design of the impedance converter enables operation at high RF power (<20 kV) without changing the cavity geometry. In this work we present our design and performance of quarter wavelength impedance converter as applied to quarter wavelength triode cavity. K. Torgasin et al., Cold Test of the Coaxial Cavity for Thermionic Triode Type RF Gun, in Proc. IPAC, 2013, pp.324-326.
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

TUCASH02

Commissioning and First Tests of the New Standing Wave 10 Mev Electron Accelerator

linac, simulation, electron, site

173

S.M. Polozov, D.B. Bazyl, T.V. Bondarenko, M. Gusarova, Yu.D. Kliuchevskaia, M.V. Lalayan, V.I. Rashchikov, E.A. Savin
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
M.I. Demsky, A.A. Eliseev, V.V. Krotov, D.E. Trifonov
CORAD Ltd., St. Petersburg, Russia

A new linear electron accelerator for industrial applications was developed by the joint team of CORAD and MEPhI. It is based on conventional biperiodical accelerating structure for energy range from 7.5 to 10 MeV and beam power up to 20 kW. The use of modern methods and codes for beam dynamics simulation, raised coupling coefficient and group velocity of SW biperiodic accelerating structure allowed to reach high pulse power utilization and obtain high efficiency. The first two accelerators with the new structure have been installed and tested.

Slides TUCASH02 [4.924 MB]

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TUCASH07

HF Structure of BETA-8 Electron Resonance Accelerator

cavity, electron, resonance, feedback

188

M.L. Smetanin
VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia

BETA-8 is new powerful resonance electron accelerator designed in RFNC-VNIIEF to operate in continuous wave generating regime. The basic constituent of accelerator is half-wave coaxial resonator excited at T1 wave. The work presents the main approaches to numerical modeling of accelerator HF power system components. The results of computation of accelerating resonator with operating frequency of 100 MHz and inductive unit of HF power input (UPI) designed to transmit continuous HF signal at operating frequency with mean power level of 600 kW are reported. The transmitting coaxial waveguide connecting UPI with feeding HF generator has been computed, designed and manufactured. The calculated results have been tested by measurements of HF parameters of the resonator assembled with UPI and connecting waveguide. The possibility to locate indicating loop (a detector working in frequency feedback circuit of feeding HF generator) in transmitting feeder has been demonstrated. The method of calibration computation of measuring inductive loop that is an element of amplitude feedback circuit of HF generator is presented. The dual matched load necessary for preliminary adjustment of operating modes of feeding HF generator unit (with mean power up to 180 kW) and technological systems of accelerating complex has been computed, designed and put into operation.

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TUPSA004

Proposal of the Accelerating Structure for the First Cavity of the Main Part of INR Linac

cavity, linac, booster, hadron

216

I.V. Rybakov, A. Feschenko, Y.Z. Kalinin, L.V. Kravchuk, V.N. Leontiev, A.N. Naboka, V.V. Paramonov, V.L. Serov
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia

For the beam intensity and overall stability improvement of INR linac replacement of the first four section cavity of the main part is required. The present cavity is realized as the Disks and Washers (DAW) structure. The new cavity should not lose to the present one in electro dynamical parameters with minimal modifications in the rest linac systems. As the possible structures for the first cavity replacement both proven in exploitation structures and promising developments were considered. The analysis of electro dynamical parameters, coupled RF heating, mechanical processes and manufacturing analysis were performed for the considered structures. For further development the Cut Disk Structure (CDS) option is proposed as the structure with satisfying RF parameters and having the smallest transverse dimensions in comparison with analogues. For the production simplification with minimal losses in electro dynamical parameters an unification of the main geometrical parameters for the four sections cells was performed. The possibility of multipaction in the cavity is considered and an option for its damping is proposed. The manufacturing tolerances for the structure are estimated.

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TUPSA006

Development of RF Accelerator on Parallel-Coupled Structure - Trend in Accelerator Technique

cavity, electron, focusing, acceleration

219

Y.D. Chernousov
ICKC, Novosibirsk, Russia

Development of parallel-coupled accelerating structure (PCS), creation of RF linier accelerator based on PCS is new and rapidly developing field of accelerator technology. Compared with conventional accelerating structures with serial communication - the standard traveling and standing waves structures, the PCS has a lot of features and advantages. There are many problems in the development of RF linear accelerators: breakdowns at high power levels, the destruction of the structure due to overheating, the excitation of higher-order mode, the decline of field strength along the structure, transients, beam loading, beam focusing, multipactor, radiation accelerator cleanliness, etc. PCS - the best accelerating structure for solving these problems.

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TUPSA009

Electron Beam Dynamics Calculation and Accelerating Structure Geometry Design in 10 MeV Hybrid Electron Linac

linac, electron, focusing, beam-loading

228

A.V. Bulanov, S.V. Matsievskiy, E.A. Savin, N.P. Sobenin
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

Electron linear accelerators with an energy of 10 MeV are widely used for industrial purposes. This article presents the electron dynamic calculations and the design of linac with a standing wave (SW) buncher based on the biperiodic accelerating structure and a constant impedance backward traveling wave (BTW) accelerating section after it. In such accelerator, all unused RF power coming out from BTW section is used in SW section to improve the linac efficiency. Thus no RF load is needed. Also, a beam is experiencing an RF focusing in the SW buncher. Solenoid focusing field influence on the beam dynamics in the TW section was studied.

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TUPSA025

First Results of Beam Dynamics Simulation in electron injector linac for FCC-ee

linac, simulation, gun, beam-loading

264

S.M. Polozov, T.V. Bondarenko
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

New high-energy frontier project FCC is now under development at CERN. It is planed that all three modes as ee, hh and eh will be available for FCC. New injection system for FCC-ee is planned to consist of new ~ 2 GeV electron linac and electron-positron converter. Two possible layouts for further beam acceleration are discussed. The high-energy 14 GeV linac is the first layout and the booster synchrotron is the second one. Pre-injector linac design will have two regimes: ~250 pC bunches for injection and ~6 nC bunches for e⁻/e⁺ conversion. In the second case we will have extreme parameters: bunch charge up to 6 nC in 10 ps, up to 10 bunches per pulse and the pulse repetition rate up to 100 Hz. Such beam parameters lead to significant design difficulties caused by very high influence of Coulomb field in the near-cathode region and high peak beam loading. First results of beam dynamics simulation in FCC-ee injection linac and near-cathode dynamics problems are discussed in the report.

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TUPSA030

Regulation of the Waveguide Coupling Factor of Standing Wave Linear Accelerator

resonance, insertion, cavity, electron

279

D.S. Yurov
MSU, Moscow, Russia
V.I. Shvedunov
LEA MSU, Moscow, Russia
V.I. Shvedunov
SINP MSU, Moscow, Russia

Regulation of the waveguide coupling factor of standing wave linear accelerator allows to adjust the value of accelerated current, keeping the reflected RF power close to zero. This ensures the most efficient use of RF energy and absence of overvoltage in the waveguide elements. The paper presents studies results for various methods of coupling factors regulation with continuous wave (CW) normal conducting linear accelerator used as an example. The results of calculations and measurements on the mock-up of the accelerating structure are presented.

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TUPSA035

Estimation of Multipacting in CDS Structure

multipactoring, simulation, cavity, electron

288

I.V. Rybakov
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
I.I. Isaev
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany

The Cut Disk Structure (CDS) is recommended for replacement of the first cavity of the main part of INR linac. For the cavity work stability there should be no multipactor at operating regime. CDS structure was first set on exploitation at DESY PITZ electron linac. For this cavity according to the analytical estimation multipaction should appear at the operating power level in coupling cells, but it was not approved by the numerical simulation with both accelerating and coupling modes excitation for RF energy transfer along the cavity. The multipactor appears only with the secondaty emission yield (SEY) growth which could happen if the inner surface of the cavity is polluted. The results of multipactor investigation in CDS PITZ were used as reference for the CDS structure for the first cavity of the main part of INR linac. The analytical estimation and numerical simulation of multipactor in CDS INR structure shows the appearance of the discharge in coupling cells with the OFC copper SEY for the operating regime of the cavity. An option for the multipactor damping with the forced excitation of oscillations in coupling cell with voltage higher than upper multipactor limit was considered.

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TUPSA036

Manufacturing Tolerances Estimation for Proton Linac Cavities

linac, proton, simulation, cavity

291

I.V. Rybakov, V.V. Paramonov, A.K. Skasyrskaya
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia

The definition of manufacturing tolerances is one of the stages of accelerating structure construction. In case of proton linacs the value of accelerating field homogeneity is a critical parameter. It depends both on cells frequencies perturbations and the coupling coefficient perturbations. These values could be obtained using the numerical simulations of the characteristic electromagnetic oscillations in the cell. There is the method that allows the reduction of the simulations time and to avoid separate simulations for each geometrical parameter of the structure. This method was improved and extended for the pi/2-wave, pi-wave and travelling wave structures. Several examples of the method application, including the structure for the first cavity of the main part of INR linac, are presented.

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WEPSB014

Symmetrical Parameterization for 6D Fully Coupled One-Turn Transport Matrix

emittance, lattice, operation, synchrotron

389

S.A. Glukhov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Symmetry properties of 6D and 4D one-turn symplectic transport matrices were studied. A new parameterization was proposed for 6D matrix, which is an extension of the Lebedev-Bogacz parameterization for 4D case. The parameterization is fully symmetric relative to radial, vertical and longitudinal motion. It can be useful for lattices with strong coupling between all degrees of freedom.

Poster WEPSB014 [0.908 MB]

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THPSC020

Electromagnetic Compatibility of the Power Supply System for Corrector Magnets of the European XFEL

power-supply, operation, electromagnetic-fields, monitoring

581

O.V. Belikov, V.R. Kozak
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
H.-J. Eckoldt, N. Heidbrook, B. Moelck
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The power supply system for corrector magnets of European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) includes more than 300 pieces the precise current sources. To avoid the influence each power supplies to others power supplies the developers should consider and provide the electromagnetic compatibility of power supply system components on the designing phase. For this purpose there should be limited electromagnetic emission from power supplies. There is necessity to provide the tolerance of power supplies against electromagnetic emission, electrostatic discharges and other interference from outside. The paper presents the structural solutions which allowed to provide electromagnetic compatibility and results of testing the developed power supplies.

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THPSC043

Series Magnetic Measurements Of NICA Booster Dipoles

dipole, booster, electron, quadrupole

629

V.V. Borisov, A.V. Bychkov, A.M. Donyagin, O. Golubitsky, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, S.A. Kostromin, M.M. Omelyanenko, M.M. Shandov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
A.V. Shemchuk
JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

NICA booster magnetic system consists of 40 dipole and 48 quadrupole superconducting (SC) magnets. Measurement of magnetic field parameters is assumed for each booster magnets. At the moment six series dipole magnets are assembled and have passed all tests. Booster dipole magnets are 2.14 m-long, 128 /65 mm (h/v) aperture magnets with design similar to Nuclotron dipole magnet but with curved (14.1 m radius) yoke. They will produce fields up to 1.8 T. The magnetic field parameters will be measured at "warm" (300 K) and "cold" (4.5 K) conditions. The obtained results of magnetic measurements of first five magnets are summarized here.

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THPSC067

Coaxial Quarter Wavelength Impedance Converter for Coupling Control of Triode Cavity

impedance, cavity, electron, gun

689

K. Torgasin, T. Kii, K. Masuda, K. Morita, K. Nagasaki, H. Ohgaki, S. Suphakul, H. Zen
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

A quarter wavelength coaxial cavity has been developed for triode-type thermionic RF gun. The triode-type RF gun is a modification of present 4.5 cell thermionic RF gun of KU-FEL (Kyoto University Free Electron Laser) facility with aim to mitigate the back'bombardment effect. Thereby a coaxial quarter wavelength cavity with cathode material shall be added to the main 4.5 cell accelerating body. The coaxial cavity has the function of pre-buncher to control the injection phase and power of electron bunches into the main accelerating body*. Transient tests have demonstrated the quarter wavelength cavity to be undercoupled. However, for operation at high beam loading conditions overcoupled conditions are required. In order to control the coupling we have developed an external air side coaxial quarter wavelength impedance converter. The design of the impedance converter enables operation at high RF power (<20 kV) without changing the cavity geometry. In this work we present our design and performance of quarter wavelength impedance converter as applied to quarter wavelength triode cavity.
* K. Torgasin et al., Cold Test of the Coaxial Cavity for Thermionic Triode Type RF Gun, in Proc. IPAC, 2013, pp.324-326.

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