RuPAC2016 - List of Keywords (neutron)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
TUZMH02	INR High Intensity Proton Linac. Status and Prospects.	linac, proton, operation, cavity	48
	A. Feschenko, L.V. Kravchuk, V.L. Serov RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
	The status and the prospects of High Intensity INR Linac are presented. The routine beam intensity is equal to 130 mkA. The annual accelerator run duration is about 1600 hours. The main beam user facilities are multipurpose complex for neutron science, isotope production facility and proton therapy facility. The primary activities are accelerator maintenance, modernization of accelerator systems and beam transportation channels, increasing of accelerator reliability, improvement of beam parameters.
	Slides TUZMH02 [7.267 MB]
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WEYMH02	A Radioactive Ion Beam and Isotope Production Facility for iThemba LABS	target, cyclotron, proton, radiation	78
	J.L. Conradie, L.S. Anthony, F. Azaiez, S. Baard, R.A. Bark, A.H. Barnard, J.I. Broodryk, J.C. Cornell, J.G. De Villiers, H. Du Plessis, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, P.G. Gardiner, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, J. Lawrie, C. Lussi, N.R. Mantengu, R.H. McAlister, J. Mira, H.W. Mostert, C. Naidoo, F. Nemulodi, M. Sakildien, G.F. Steyn, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa A. Andrighetto, A. Monetti, G.P. Prete, M. Rossignoli INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	iThemba LABS is a multidisciplinary research institute that provides accelerator-based facilities for physical, biomedical and material sciences, treatment of cancer patients with neutrons and protons and the production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals. The demand for beam time by the 3 main users namely, radioisotope production, nuclear physics research and medical applications, by far exceeds the available time. A feasibility study for a new radioactive ion beam and radioisotope production facility at iThemba LABS is in progress. A dedicated isotope production facility is proposed, which will free the existing K=200 separated sector cyclotron facility for nuclear physics research with stable beams. The K=200 cyclotron will be used as driver for the production of radioactive beams. An overview of the proposed facilities will be given.
	Slides WEYMH02 [28.899 MB]
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WEZMH01	Spallation Neutron Source at the 1 Gev Synchrocyclotron of PNPI	proton, target, resonance, experiment	90
	O.A. Shcherbakov, E.M. Ivanov, G.F. Mikheev, G.A. Petrov, G.A. Riabov, A.S. Vorobyev PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
	A description of the spallation pulsed neutron source and neutron time-of-flight spectrometer GNEIS based on the 1 GeV proton synchrocyclotron of PNPI in Gatchina is presented. The main parameters of the neutron source and GNEIS are given in comparison with the analogous world-class facilities. The experimental capabilities of the GNEIS are demonstrated by the examples of some nuclear physics and applied research experiments carried out during four decades of its operation.
	Slides WEZMH01 [32.810 MB]
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THCAMH01	Universal Proton and Neutron Centre for Radiation Resistance of Avionic, Space Electronics and Other Applications at 1 Gev Synchrocyclotron in PNPI	proton, target, radiation, electronics	105
	S.A. Artamonov, D.A. Amerkanov, E.M. Ivanov, J.S. Lebedeva, G.F. Mikheev, G.A. Riabov, O.A. Shcherbakov, A.S. Vorobyev PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia V.S. Anashin, L.R. Bakirov, A.E. Koziukov United Rocket and Space Corporation, Institute of Space Device Engineering, Moscow, Russia P.A. Chubunov ISDE, Moscow, Russia
	In PNPI RNC KI a universal center for testing electronic components for the needs of aviation and space and other applications is created on the synchrocyclotron SC-1000 with the proton energy of 1 GeV. The center consists of two protons and one neutron stands for test facilities developed at the PNPI in collaboration with the ROSCOSMOS Interagency Testing Center. The PNPI center is equipped with all necessary systems of diagnostics and monitoring of a beam, installation of targets on a beam. There is an opportunity to vary temperature of exemplars in the wide range. A unique conjunction of proton beams with variable energy 60-1000 MeV and atmospheric like neutron beam with broad energy range (1-1000 MeV) spectrum enable to perform complex testing of the semiconductor electronic devices at the SC-1000 within a single testing cycle.
	Slides THCAMH01 [11.652 MB]
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THCEMH01	Vacuum Insulation Tandem Accelerator: Progress and Prospects	ion, vacuum, tandem-accelerator, proton	147
	S.Yu. Taskaev, A.A. Ivanov, D.A. Kasatov, A.N. Makarov, Y.M. Ostreinov, I.M. Shchudlo, I.N. Sorokin, T. Sycheva BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia T.A. Bykov Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia A.A. Ivanov, Ya.A. Kolesnikov, A.M. Koshkarev, E.O. Sokolova, S.Yu. Taskaev NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The study was supported by the grants from the Ministry of Science of the Russian Federation, the Russian Science Foundation, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and Novosibirsk State University. A promising method of treatment of many malignant tumors is the boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). It provides a selective destruction of tumor cells by prior accumulation of a stable boron-10 isotope inside them and subsequent irradiation with epithermal neutrons. It is expected that accelerator based neutron sources will be created for the clinical practice. One such source could be an original source of epithermal neutrons, created in BINP. To obtain proton beam a new type of particle accelerator is used - tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation. Generation of neutrons is carried out as a result of the threshold reaction 7Li(p, n)7Be. During 2015-2016 in the construction of tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation several changes were made. This allowed us to suppress the unwanted flow of charged particles in the accelerator, to improve its high-voltage stability, and to increase the proton beam current from 1.6 to 5 mA. Such current value is sufficient for BNCT. The report describes in detail the modernization of the accelerator, presents and discusses the results of experiments on obtaining the proton beam and the formation of neutron flux using lithium target, and declares our prospective plans. The obtained neutron beam meets the requirements of BNCT: the irradiation of cell cultures provides the destruction of cells with boron and preservation of cells without boron. Irradiation of immunodeficient mice with grafted glioblastoma results in their recovery. Neutron Capture Therapy. Principles and Applications. Eds: W. Sauerwein, A. Wittig, R. Moss, Y. Nakagawa. Springer, 2012. **S. Taskaev. Accelerator based epithermal neutron source. Physics of Particles and Nuclei 46 (2015) 956-990.
	Slides THCEMH01 [7.616 MB]
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TUPSA019	Upgrade of the RF System on the LUE-200	klystron, electron, linac, rf-amplifier	256
	K.I. Mihailov JINR/FLNP, Moscow Region, Russia E.A. Golubkov, V. Kobets, A.N. Repkin, A.P. Sumbaev JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia V.M. Pavlov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	In the report works on upgrade of RF system of the LUE-200 (IREN) electron linac are provided. The main attention is paid to system of preliminary excitement of klystrons. After work on installation of the second accelerating section RF system of Installation it was considerably remade that allowed to carry out start-up of the second stage of the IREN installation successfully. Methods, features and problems in case of a training of two accelerating sections are discussed. Influence of the temperature and frequency modes on joint operation of accelerating sections. Results of setup of the RF system and a training of sections, and also results of posting of a bunch are given.
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TUPSA063	The Electron Trajectories Construction in the System With a "Real" Geometry of the Field Cathode	electron, cathode, controls, synchrotron	339
	A.Yu. Antonov St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia M.I. Varajun LETI, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
	The problems of the trajectories constructing for field electrons and emission images simulation are considered. As an approximation of the emitter shape an explicitly and implicitly defined surfaces are selected. Hyperboloidal, ellipsoidal and paraboloidal models are studied. Also an equipotential surface of the charged sphere-on-orthogonal-cone system is used. A simple solution of the field distribution problem is allowed to formulate the Cauchy problem for the motion equations. The shape of the anode (the projector microscope screen) can be selected in any desired form. Achieving a screen by electrons is performed with dense output technique in numerical approach to the solution. The distribution of the work function on the cathode surface is obtained. The trajectories for the projection of the field emission activity as the image are used.
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WEPSB048	Beam Shaping Assembly Optimization for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy	proton, simulation, photon, target	471
	T. Sycheva, S.Yu. Taskaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia S.A. Frolov, S.I. Lezhnin NSI RAS, Moscow, Russia
	Epithermal neutron source, based on vacuum insulation tandem accelerator and lithium target, has been developed and is now in use in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. Neutrons are generated in 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction under proton energies from 2 to 2.5 MeV. A beam shaping assembly (BSA) for therapeutic neutron beam forming is used. It includes moderator, reflector, and absorber. In this work the simulation results of the depth dose rate distribution in modified Snyder head phantom for a range of neutron energies are presented and discussed. Variants of BSA optimization depending on tumor depth are proposed. The calculations were carried out by Monte-Carlo neutron and photon transport code NMC. Our research revealed that high quality neutron beam generation may be obtained with proton energy of 2.3 MeV. Discovered optimal schemes of BSA including sizes and materials are presented and discussed.
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WEPSB055	The Problems of Accelerator-Driver Design for ADS	target, proton, linac, controls	486
	A.G. Golovkina, I.V. Kudinovich, D.A. Ovsyannikov St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia I.V. Kudinovich KSRC, St. Petersburg, Russia Y.A. Svistunov Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia Y.A. Svistunov NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
	Main problems of accelerator-driver design for ADS are considered. Accelerator-driver should meet additional requirements in comparison with accelerators for other purposes: - high neutron production rate; - higher reliability; - continuous operation for more than 5000 hours; - possibility of accelerator parameters adjustment to regulate ADS power level. Different types of accelerators were analyzed taking into account the mentioned features and the fact that the most prospective way of ADS application nowadays is transmutation. It's shown that the most preferable accelerator type is proton linac. Also it's marked that for demonstration facilities accelerators with lower requirements and correspondingly cost can be used.
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WEPSB056	Study of Oil Wells With the Use of Accelerator Tubes, Time and Energy Spectrometers of Neutrons and Gamma Rays in a Single Geophysical Complex	radiation, plasma, vacuum, laser	490
	A.E. Shikanov, B.Y. Bogdanovich, A.V. Il'inskiy, A.A. Isaev, K.I. Kozlovskiy, A. Nesterovich, E.D. Vovchenko MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
	The report discusses the finding of the coefficient of oil saturation of the reservoir by of nuclear methods. For this purpose, the data about pulse and the activation neutron logging and spectral logging of natural gamma activity are used in a single geophysical complex. As sources of neutron radiation can been applied accelerating tube (AT) based on different ion sources, such as plasma discharge with oscillating electrons (gas AT), vacuum arc and laser-plasma (vacuum AT). For investigation of the oil reservoir, in particular with heavy oil, we discuss the prospects of using vacuum accelerating tube based on a laser-plasma source of deuterons with coaxial acceleration geometry and pulsed magnetic isolation of electrons.
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WEPSB061	Neutron Generators of the NG-10 Series for Metrology	ion, target, controls, vacuum	502
	D.A. Solnyshkov, A.V. Kozlov, A.N. Kuzhlev, N.P. Mikulinas, A.V. Morozov, G.G. Voronin NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
	Neutron generators NG-10 and NG-10M with a neutron yield of 110¹⁰ n/s and 210¹¹ n/s respectively have been designed in the JSC "NIIEFA". The generators are high-voltage accelerators with target devices intended for installation and effective cooling of Ti-T/Ti-D targets of different diameters. A duoplasmotron with a beam current up to 5 mA is used in the NG-10 generator, and the NG-10M employs a microwave ion source providing the beam current up to 10 mA. The power supplies, which are under high voltage, are controlled via fiber optic communication lines. Deuterium ions produced in the ion source are accelerated up to 150 keV in a sectionalized accelerating tube, separated in mass with an electromagnetic mass-separator and focused onto a target with a doublet of electromagnetic quadrupole lenses. The generators are equipped with several lines to transport the beam to targets, which can be placed in separate rooms. In addition to a high and stable in time yield of neutrons when operating continuously, the generators provide the pulsed mode with a smooth variation of the pulse width from 2 mks up to 100 mks and pulse repetition rate from 1 Hz up to 20 kHz.
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WEPSB067	Modeling of ADSR Dynamics With Proton Linac in Multi-Point Approximation	proton, linac, HOM, feedback	511
	A.G. Golovkina St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
	The mathematical model of multi-point kinetics is proposed in the paper. The transients in subcritical reactor driven by proton linac taking into account the fuel and coolant temperature feedbacks are analyzed using this model. In contrast to the widely used point kinetics model, the proposed model makes it possible to more accurately take into account the heterogeneity of the material composition in the core. That is the one of the main features of transmutation systems with accelerator-driver.
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WEPSB074	High Current Pulsing Deuteron Accelerator with Energy of 500 keV	laser, plasma, experiment, cathode	527
	A.A. Isaev, K.I. Kozlovskiy, A.E. Shikanov, E.D. Vovchenko MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
	It is reported on the development of a compact experimental model of the deuteron accelerator with energies up to 400 KeV. The ion current is about 1 kA and the current density is greater than 20 A/cm² in pulses with a duration of 0.5 mks and a repetition rate of 1 Hz. In this accelerator, we applied the effective ion source of laser-plasma and the optimized method of magnetic insulation of the electrons in the accelerating gap.
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THPSC032	The Study of the Electrical Strength of Selected Insulators With a Different Shape of the Surface	vacuum, high-voltage, experiment, tandem-accelerator	615
	Ya.A. Kolesnikov, D.A. Kasatov, A.M. Koshkarev, A.S. Kuznetsov, A.N. Makarov, I.M. Shchudlo, I.N. Sorokin, S.Yu. Taskaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia A.A. Gmyrya BINP & NSTU, Novosibirsk, Russia D.A. Kasatov, A.M. Koshkarev NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia E.O. Sokolova Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: Ministry of Science of the Russian Federation, unique identifier of applied research RFMEFI60414X0066. In the BINP SB RAS was proposed and created a source of epithermal neutrons for BNCT. The proton beam is obtained on a tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation. Sectionalized demountable feed through insulator is an integral part of the accelerator. Voltage from the high voltage source is distributed to the electrodes via resistive divider. Because of the small amount of current (hundreds of microamperes) flowing through the divider, dark currents that occur in the accelerating gaps, can significantly affect the uniform distribution of the potential along the accelerating channel, and, consequently, on the beam transportation. Therefore there is a need to change the design of the feed through insulator which will allow to set potentials at the electrodes directly from the high voltage rectifier sections. To study the feasibility of such changes has been designed and built an experimental stand, in which a single insulator with double height subjected to the same conditions as in accelerator. On the experimental stand was studied electrical strength of ceramic and polycarbonate insulators with a different shape of the surface. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of insulators. Their application will get rid of the voltage divider inside the feed through insulator and realize the scheme which allows to set potential on the electrode gaps directly from the rectifier section. This will increase the operating voltage of the accelerator and its reliability.
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THPSC068	Integrated Inspection Method of Motor Transports Based on Acceleration Technology	controls, radiation, electron, detector	692
	A.M. Fialkovsky, P.O. Klinovsky, K.V. Kotenko, V.P. Malyshev, T.R. Virkunen NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
	Integrated inspection method of motor transports was suggested based on linear electron accelerator and neutron generator, which helps to detect substances forbidden for carrying, including explosives, narcotic drugs and fissionable materials. The linear high-frequency electron accelerator is a source of X-ray bremsstrahlung. The result of scanning is an introscopical image of a motor transport with color-selected suspicious substances. The neutron activation analysis of these substances with neutron generator as a neutron source lets detect elemental substance composition as well as identify explosives or narcotic drugs. This article contains accelerator specifications, which lets implement suggested method.
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THPSC069	Measurement of the Ion Beam Profile with the D-Pace Wire Scanner	ion, vacuum, experiment, focusing	695
	E.O. Sokolova Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia D.A. Kasatov, Ya.A. Kolesnikov, A.M. Koshkarev, A.S. Kuznetsov, A.N. Makarov, I.M. Shchudlo, I.N. Sorokin, S.Yu. Taskaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The study was supported by grants from the Russian Science Foundation (Project no. 14-32-00006) and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and the Novosibirsk State University. In The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics the accelerator-based source of epithermal neutrons was invented and now operates to be used in the boron neutron capture therapy. For several reasons the real beam flow in the facility differs from the calculated one. To take into account this distinction it is necessary to provide continuous monitoring of the beam parameters. In order to optimize the facility operation the beam should be followed not only during the formation but also while an acceleration takes place and the proton beam is thrown on the lithium target as the proton current and energy influence on the neutron output. In this way it seems to be a significant issue to measure the current, profile and also the position of the ion beam in a low-energy part of the accelerator. This work represents the results of experiments with the D-Pace WS-30 Wire Scanner Probe, which was installed in the low-energy part of the accelerator. The experiments were carried out under various conditions to vary the position and focusing control via the system of magnetic correcting elements. To correctly interpret experimental data it was necessary to take into account physical phenomena which occur during an experiment. In this way the effects which take place when the probe interacts with the beam were thoroughly considered. The obtained results allowed to restore the ion beam profile, define its size and position.
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THPSC070	Measurement of the Proton Beam Profile via an Activation Method of Diagnostics	proton, target, experiment, diagnostics	698
	E.O. Sokolova Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia D.A. Kasatov, Ya.A. Kolesnikov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The study was supported by grants from the Russian Science Foundation (Project no. 14-32-00006) and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and the Novosibirsk State University. In The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics the accelerator-based source of epithermal neutrons was invented and now operates to be used in the boron neutron capture therapy. Neutrons on the facility are generated during the threshold reaction 7Li(p, n)7Be which occurs when the proton beam is thrown on the lithium target. To control the neutron output it is necessary to monitor the parameters of the accelerated proton beam. The spatial distribution of the accelerated proton beam was measured exactly on the lithium target. Due to the interaction of protons and lithium there is an accumulation of a radioactive isotope of beryllium takes place. After experiments about neutrons generation it seems possible to track an area of beryllium storage and then restore the proton beam profile. The monitoring of gamma-quants with the energy of 0,477 MeV arising during the beryllium decay was carried out via the gamma-spectrometric complex. The main part of this complex is NaI-scintillation detector, which was pre-calibrated with energy. As a result of such kind of diagnostic the profile of the beam, its shape and characteristic size were determined and the results are depicted in this paper. Afterwards it could be used for an estimation of the total neutrons flux, its quantity, also to assess the target state and restore the proton beam profile.
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THPSC080	Data Processing Automatization for Gamma-Spectrometry Diagnostics of Neutron Accelerator BNCT	detector, experiment, diagnostics, software	718
	T.A. Bykov Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia D.A. Kasatov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The study was supported by the grants from the Russian Science Foundation (Project No.14-32-00006), Budker Nuclear Institute and Novosibirsk State University. There is the accelerator-tandem at the Nuclear physics institute in Novosibirsk which is suitable for malignancies treatment such as glioblastoma and melanoma using BNCT methods. There are different gamma spectrometry diagnostics which apply under this project. One of these is used to determine the parameters of the neutron beam. The method is to irradiate a set of activation foils with neutrons. Then measure the gamma-spectrum of foils using gamma detector. Based on these data it can be calculated the activity of foil, as well as the amount and the energy of neutrons. For data processing of these diagnostics there was developed a software which is used for convenient display of gamma-spectrometer data and the activity of the foil. Software allows setting a canal calibration and the sensitivity calibration which is needed to calculate the foil activity.
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

TUZMH02

INR High Intensity Proton Linac. Status and Prospects.

linac, proton, operation, cavity

48

A. Feschenko, L.V. Kravchuk, V.L. Serov
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia

The status and the prospects of High Intensity INR Linac are presented. The routine beam intensity is equal to 130 mkA. The annual accelerator run duration is about 1600 hours. The main beam user facilities are multipurpose complex for neutron science, isotope production facility and proton therapy facility. The primary activities are accelerator maintenance, modernization of accelerator systems and beam transportation channels, increasing of accelerator reliability, improvement of beam parameters.

Slides TUZMH02 [7.267 MB]

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WEYMH02

A Radioactive Ion Beam and Isotope Production Facility for iThemba LABS

target, cyclotron, proton, radiation

78

J.L. Conradie, L.S. Anthony, F. Azaiez, S. Baard, R.A. Bark, A.H. Barnard, J.I. Broodryk, J.C. Cornell, J.G. De Villiers, H. Du Plessis, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, P.G. Gardiner, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, J. Lawrie, C. Lussi, N.R. Mantengu, R.H. McAlister, J. Mira, H.W. Mostert, C. Naidoo, F. Nemulodi, M. Sakildien, G.F. Steyn, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
A. Andrighetto, A. Monetti, G.P. Prete, M. Rossignoli
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

iThemba LABS is a multidisciplinary research institute that provides accelerator-based facilities for physical, biomedical and material sciences, treatment of cancer patients with neutrons and protons and the production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals. The demand for beam time by the 3 main users namely, radioisotope production, nuclear physics research and medical applications, by far exceeds the available time. A feasibility study for a new radioactive ion beam and radioisotope production facility at iThemba LABS is in progress. A dedicated isotope production facility is proposed, which will free the existing K=200 separated sector cyclotron facility for nuclear physics research with stable beams. The K=200 cyclotron will be used as driver for the production of radioactive beams. An overview of the proposed facilities will be given.

Slides WEYMH02 [28.899 MB]

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WEZMH01

Spallation Neutron Source at the 1 Gev Synchrocyclotron of PNPI

proton, target, resonance, experiment

90

O.A. Shcherbakov, E.M. Ivanov, G.F. Mikheev, G.A. Petrov, G.A. Riabov, A.S. Vorobyev
PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia

A description of the spallation pulsed neutron source and neutron time-of-flight spectrometer GNEIS based on the 1 GeV proton synchrocyclotron of PNPI in Gatchina is presented. The main parameters of the neutron source and GNEIS are given in comparison with the analogous world-class facilities. The experimental capabilities of the GNEIS are demonstrated by the examples of some nuclear physics and applied research experiments carried out during four decades of its operation.

Slides WEZMH01 [32.810 MB]

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THCAMH01

Universal Proton and Neutron Centre for Radiation Resistance of Avionic, Space Electronics and Other Applications at 1 Gev Synchrocyclotron in PNPI

proton, target, radiation, electronics

105

S.A. Artamonov, D.A. Amerkanov, E.M. Ivanov, J.S. Lebedeva, G.F. Mikheev, G.A. Riabov, O.A. Shcherbakov, A.S. Vorobyev
PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
V.S. Anashin, L.R. Bakirov, A.E. Koziukov
United Rocket and Space Corporation, Institute of Space Device Engineering, Moscow, Russia
P.A. Chubunov
ISDE, Moscow, Russia

In PNPI RNC KI a universal center for testing electronic components for the needs of aviation and space and other applications is created on the synchrocyclotron SC-1000 with the proton energy of 1 GeV. The center consists of two protons and one neutron stands for test facilities developed at the PNPI in collaboration with the ROSCOSMOS Interagency Testing Center. The PNPI center is equipped with all necessary systems of diagnostics and monitoring of a beam, installation of targets on a beam. There is an opportunity to vary temperature of exemplars in the wide range. A unique conjunction of proton beams with variable energy 60-1000 MeV and atmospheric like neutron beam with broad energy range (1-1000 MeV) spectrum enable to perform complex testing of the semiconductor electronic devices at the SC-1000 within a single testing cycle.

Slides THCAMH01 [11.652 MB]

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THCEMH01

Vacuum Insulation Tandem Accelerator: Progress and Prospects

ion, vacuum, tandem-accelerator, proton

147

S.Yu. Taskaev, A.A. Ivanov, D.A. Kasatov, A.N. Makarov, Y.M. Ostreinov, I.M. Shchudlo, I.N. Sorokin, T. Sycheva
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
T.A. Bykov
Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
A.A. Ivanov, Ya.A. Kolesnikov, A.M. Koshkarev, E.O. Sokolova, S.Yu. Taskaev
NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The study was supported by the grants from the Ministry of Science of the Russian Federation, the Russian Science Foundation, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and Novosibirsk State University.
A promising method of treatment of many malignant tumors is the boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT)*. It provides a selective destruction of tumor cells by prior accumulation of a stable boron-10 isotope inside them and subsequent irradiation with epithermal neutrons. It is expected that accelerator based neutron sources will be created for the clinical practice. One such source could be an original source of epithermal neutrons**, created in BINP. To obtain proton beam a new type of particle accelerator is used - tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation. Generation of neutrons is carried out as a result of the threshold reaction 7Li(p, n)7Be. During 2015-2016 in the construction of tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation several changes were made. This allowed us to suppress the unwanted flow of charged particles in the accelerator, to improve its high-voltage stability, and to increase the proton beam current from 1.6 to 5 mA. Such current value is sufficient for BNCT. The report describes in detail the modernization of the accelerator, presents and discusses the results of experiments on obtaining the proton beam and the formation of neutron flux using lithium target, and declares our prospective plans. The obtained neutron beam meets the requirements of BNCT: the irradiation of cell cultures provides the destruction of cells with boron and preservation of cells without boron. Irradiation of immunodeficient mice with grafted glioblastoma results in their recovery.
*Neutron Capture Therapy. Principles and Applications. Eds: W. Sauerwein, A. Wittig, R. Moss, Y. Nakagawa. Springer, 2012.
**S. Taskaev. Accelerator based epithermal neutron source. Physics of Particles and Nuclei 46 (2015) 956-990.

Slides THCEMH01 [7.616 MB]

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TUPSA019

Upgrade of the RF System on the LUE-200

klystron, electron, linac, rf-amplifier

256

K.I. Mihailov
JINR/FLNP, Moscow Region, Russia
E.A. Golubkov, V. Kobets, A.N. Repkin, A.P. Sumbaev
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
V.M. Pavlov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

In the report works on upgrade of RF system of the LUE-200 (IREN) electron linac are provided. The main attention is paid to system of preliminary excitement of klystrons. After work on installation of the second accelerating section RF system of Installation it was considerably remade that allowed to carry out start-up of the second stage of the IREN installation successfully. Methods, features and problems in case of a training of two accelerating sections are discussed. Influence of the temperature and frequency modes on joint operation of accelerating sections. Results of setup of the RF system and a training of sections, and also results of posting of a bunch are given.

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TUPSA063

The Electron Trajectories Construction in the System With a "Real" Geometry of the Field Cathode

electron, cathode, controls, synchrotron

339

A.Yu. Antonov
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
M.I. Varajun
LETI, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

The problems of the trajectories constructing for field electrons and emission images simulation are considered. As an approximation of the emitter shape an explicitly and implicitly defined surfaces are selected. Hyperboloidal, ellipsoidal and paraboloidal models are studied. Also an equipotential surface of the charged sphere-on-orthogonal-cone system is used. A simple solution of the field distribution problem is allowed to formulate the Cauchy problem for the motion equations. The shape of the anode (the projector microscope screen) can be selected in any desired form. Achieving a screen by electrons is performed with dense output technique in numerical approach to the solution. The distribution of the work function on the cathode surface is obtained. The trajectories for the projection of the field emission activity as the image are used.

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WEPSB048

Beam Shaping Assembly Optimization for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

proton, simulation, photon, target

471

T. Sycheva, S.Yu. Taskaev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
S.A. Frolov, S.I. Lezhnin
NSI RAS, Moscow, Russia

Epithermal neutron source, based on vacuum insulation tandem accelerator and lithium target, has been developed and is now in use in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. Neutrons are generated in 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction under proton energies from 2 to 2.5 MeV. A beam shaping assembly (BSA) for therapeutic neutron beam forming is used. It includes moderator, reflector, and absorber. In this work the simulation results of the depth dose rate distribution in modified Snyder head phantom for a range of neutron energies are presented and discussed. Variants of BSA optimization depending on tumor depth are proposed. The calculations were carried out by Monte-Carlo neutron and photon transport code NMC. Our research revealed that high quality neutron beam generation may be obtained with proton energy of 2.3 MeV. Discovered optimal schemes of BSA including sizes and materials are presented and discussed.

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WEPSB055

The Problems of Accelerator-Driver Design for ADS

target, proton, linac, controls

486

A.G. Golovkina, I.V. Kudinovich, D.A. Ovsyannikov
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
I.V. Kudinovich
KSRC, St. Petersburg, Russia
Y.A. Svistunov
Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Y.A. Svistunov
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia

Main problems of accelerator-driver design for ADS are considered. Accelerator-driver should meet additional requirements in comparison with accelerators for other purposes: - high neutron production rate; - higher reliability; - continuous operation for more than 5000 hours; - possibility of accelerator parameters adjustment to regulate ADS power level. Different types of accelerators were analyzed taking into account the mentioned features and the fact that the most prospective way of ADS application nowadays is transmutation. It's shown that the most preferable accelerator type is proton linac. Also it's marked that for demonstration facilities accelerators with lower requirements and correspondingly cost can be used.

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WEPSB056

Study of Oil Wells With the Use of Accelerator Tubes, Time and Energy Spectrometers of Neutrons and Gamma Rays in a Single Geophysical Complex

radiation, plasma, vacuum, laser

490

A.E. Shikanov, B.Y. Bogdanovich, A.V. Il'inskiy, A.A. Isaev, K.I. Kozlovskiy, A. Nesterovich, E.D. Vovchenko
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

The report discusses the finding of the coefficient of oil saturation of the reservoir by of nuclear methods. For this purpose, the data about pulse and the activation neutron logging and spectral logging of natural gamma activity are used in a single geophysical complex. As sources of neutron radiation can been applied accelerating tube (AT) based on different ion sources, such as plasma discharge with oscillating electrons (gas AT), vacuum arc and laser-plasma (vacuum AT). For investigation of the oil reservoir, in particular with heavy oil, we discuss the prospects of using vacuum accelerating tube based on a laser-plasma source of deuterons with coaxial acceleration geometry and pulsed magnetic isolation of electrons.

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WEPSB061

Neutron Generators of the NG-10 Series for Metrology

ion, target, controls, vacuum

502

D.A. Solnyshkov, A.V. Kozlov, A.N. Kuzhlev, N.P. Mikulinas, A.V. Morozov, G.G. Voronin
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia

Neutron generators NG-10 and NG-10M with a neutron yield of 1*10¹⁰ n/s and 2*10¹¹ n/s respectively have been designed in the JSC "NIIEFA". The generators are high-voltage accelerators with target devices intended for installation and effective cooling of Ti-T/Ti-D targets of different diameters. A duoplasmotron with a beam current up to 5 mA is used in the NG-10 generator, and the NG-10M employs a microwave ion source providing the beam current up to 10 mA. The power supplies, which are under high voltage, are controlled via fiber optic communication lines. Deuterium ions produced in the ion source are accelerated up to 150 keV in a sectionalized accelerating tube, separated in mass with an electromagnetic mass-separator and focused onto a target with a doublet of electromagnetic quadrupole lenses. The generators are equipped with several lines to transport the beam to targets, which can be placed in separate rooms. In addition to a high and stable in time yield of neutrons when operating continuously, the generators provide the pulsed mode with a smooth variation of the pulse width from 2 mks up to 100 mks and pulse repetition rate from 1 Hz up to 20 kHz.

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WEPSB067

Modeling of ADSR Dynamics With Proton Linac in Multi-Point Approximation

proton, linac, HOM, feedback

511

A.G. Golovkina
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

The mathematical model of multi-point kinetics is proposed in the paper. The transients in subcritical reactor driven by proton linac taking into account the fuel and coolant temperature feedbacks are analyzed using this model. In contrast to the widely used point kinetics model, the proposed model makes it possible to more accurately take into account the heterogeneity of the material composition in the core. That is the one of the main features of transmutation systems with accelerator-driver.

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WEPSB074

High Current Pulsing Deuteron Accelerator with Energy of 500 keV

laser, plasma, experiment, cathode

527

A.A. Isaev, K.I. Kozlovskiy, A.E. Shikanov, E.D. Vovchenko
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

It is reported on the development of a compact experimental model of the deuteron accelerator with energies up to 400 KeV. The ion current is about 1 kA and the current density is greater than 20 A/cm² in pulses with a duration of 0.5 mks and a repetition rate of 1 Hz. In this accelerator, we applied the effective ion source of laser-plasma and the optimized method of magnetic insulation of the electrons in the accelerating gap.

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THPSC032

The Study of the Electrical Strength of Selected Insulators With a Different Shape of the Surface

vacuum, high-voltage, experiment, tandem-accelerator

615

Ya.A. Kolesnikov, D.A. Kasatov, A.M. Koshkarev, A.S. Kuznetsov, A.N. Makarov, I.M. Shchudlo, I.N. Sorokin, S.Yu. Taskaev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
A.A. Gmyrya
BINP & NSTU, Novosibirsk, Russia
D.A. Kasatov, A.M. Koshkarev
NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
E.O. Sokolova
Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: Ministry of Science of the Russian Federation, unique identifier of applied research RFMEFI60414X0066.
In the BINP SB RAS was proposed and created a source of epithermal neutrons for BNCT. The proton beam is obtained on a tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation. Sectionalized demountable feed through insulator is an integral part of the accelerator. Voltage from the high voltage source is distributed to the electrodes via resistive divider. Because of the small amount of current (hundreds of microamperes) flowing through the divider, dark currents that occur in the accelerating gaps, can significantly affect the uniform distribution of the potential along the accelerating channel, and, consequently, on the beam transportation. Therefore there is a need to change the design of the feed through insulator which will allow to set potentials at the electrodes directly from the high voltage rectifier sections. To study the feasibility of such changes has been designed and built an experimental stand, in which a single insulator with double height subjected to the same conditions as in accelerator. On the experimental stand was studied electrical strength of ceramic and polycarbonate insulators with a different shape of the surface. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of insulators. Their application will get rid of the voltage divider inside the feed through insulator and realize the scheme which allows to set potential on the electrode gaps directly from the rectifier section. This will increase the operating voltage of the accelerator and its reliability.

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THPSC068

Integrated Inspection Method of Motor Transports Based on Acceleration Technology

controls, radiation, electron, detector

692

A.M. Fialkovsky, P.O. Klinovsky, K.V. Kotenko, V.P. Malyshev, T.R. Virkunen
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia

Integrated inspection method of motor transports was suggested based on linear electron accelerator and neutron generator, which helps to detect substances forbidden for carrying, including explosives, narcotic drugs and fissionable materials. The linear high-frequency electron accelerator is a source of X-ray bremsstrahlung. The result of scanning is an introscopical image of a motor transport with color-selected suspicious substances. The neutron activation analysis of these substances with neutron generator as a neutron source lets detect elemental substance composition as well as identify explosives or narcotic drugs. This article contains accelerator specifications, which lets implement suggested method.

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THPSC069

Measurement of the Ion Beam Profile with the D-Pace Wire Scanner

ion, vacuum, experiment, focusing

695

E.O. Sokolova
Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
D.A. Kasatov, Ya.A. Kolesnikov, A.M. Koshkarev, A.S. Kuznetsov, A.N. Makarov, I.M. Shchudlo, I.N. Sorokin, S.Yu. Taskaev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The study was supported by grants from the Russian Science Foundation (Project no. 14-32-00006) and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and the Novosibirsk State University.
In The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics the accelerator-based source of epithermal neutrons was invented and now operates to be used in the boron neutron capture therapy. For several reasons the real beam flow in the facility differs from the calculated one. To take into account this distinction it is necessary to provide continuous monitoring of the beam parameters. In order to optimize the facility operation the beam should be followed not only during the formation but also while an acceleration takes place and the proton beam is thrown on the lithium target as the proton current and energy influence on the neutron output. In this way it seems to be a significant issue to measure the current, profile and also the position of the ion beam in a low-energy part of the accelerator. This work represents the results of experiments with the D-Pace WS-30 Wire Scanner Probe, which was installed in the low-energy part of the accelerator. The experiments were carried out under various conditions to vary the position and focusing control via the system of magnetic correcting elements. To correctly interpret experimental data it was necessary to take into account physical phenomena which occur during an experiment. In this way the effects which take place when the probe interacts with the beam were thoroughly considered. The obtained results allowed to restore the ion beam profile, define its size and position.

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THPSC070

Measurement of the Proton Beam Profile via an Activation Method of Diagnostics

proton, target, experiment, diagnostics

698

E.O. Sokolova
Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
D.A. Kasatov, Ya.A. Kolesnikov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The study was supported by grants from the Russian Science Foundation (Project no. 14-32-00006) and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and the Novosibirsk State University.
In The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics the accelerator-based source of epithermal neutrons was invented and now operates to be used in the boron neutron capture therapy. Neutrons on the facility are generated during the threshold reaction 7Li(p, n)7Be which occurs when the proton beam is thrown on the lithium target. To control the neutron output it is necessary to monitor the parameters of the accelerated proton beam. The spatial distribution of the accelerated proton beam was measured exactly on the lithium target. Due to the interaction of protons and lithium there is an accumulation of a radioactive isotope of beryllium takes place. After experiments about neutrons generation it seems possible to track an area of beryllium storage and then restore the proton beam profile. The monitoring of gamma-quants with the energy of 0,477 MeV arising during the beryllium decay was carried out via the gamma-spectrometric complex. The main part of this complex is NaI-scintillation detector, which was pre-calibrated with energy. As a result of such kind of diagnostic the profile of the beam, its shape and characteristic size were determined and the results are depicted in this paper. Afterwards it could be used for an estimation of the total neutrons flux, its quantity, also to assess the target state and restore the proton beam profile.

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THPSC080

Data Processing Automatization for Gamma-Spectrometry Diagnostics of Neutron Accelerator BNCT

detector, experiment, diagnostics, software

718

T.A. Bykov
Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
D.A. Kasatov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The study was supported by the grants from the Russian Science Foundation (Project No.14-32-00006), Budker Nuclear Institute and Novosibirsk State University.
There is the accelerator-tandem at the Nuclear physics institute in Novosibirsk which is suitable for malignancies treatment such as glioblastoma and melanoma using BNCT methods. There are different gamma spectrometry diagnostics which apply under this project. One of these is used to determine the parameters of the neutron beam. The method is to irradiate a set of activation foils with neutrons. Then measure the gamma-spectrum of foils using gamma detector. Based on these data it can be calculated the activity of foil, as well as the amount and the energy of neutrons. For data processing of these diagnostics there was developed a software which is used for convenient display of gamma-spectrometer data and the activity of the foil. Software allows setting a canal calibration and the sensitivity calibration which is needed to calculate the foil activity.

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