RuPAC2016 - List of Keywords (target)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
TUZMH01	Status of U-70	proton, extraction, flattop, acceleration	44
	S.V. Ivanov IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia
	Funding: National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" The report overviews present status of the Accelerator Complex U70 at IHEP of NRC "Kurchatov Institute". The emphasis is put on the recent activity and upgrades implemented since the previous conference RuPAC-2014, in a run-by-run chronological ordering. * on behalf of the U70 staff
	Slides TUZMH01 [6.858 MB]
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WECAMH04	Recent Experiments With High Energy Electron Cooler in COSY	electron, proton, experiment, storage-ring	67
	V.B. Reva, M.I. Bryzgunov, V.V. Parkhomchuk, D.N. Skorobogatov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia V. Kamerdzhiev FZJ, Jülich, Germany I.N. Meshkov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The 2 MeV electron cooling system at COSY-Jülich started operation in 2013. The cooling process was observed in the wide energy range of the electron beam from 100 keV to 1.26 MeV. Vertical, horizontal and longitudinal cooling was obtained with bunched and coasting proton beam. This report deals with electron cooling experiments at COSY with proton beam at energy 1.66 and 2.3 GeV. The proton beam was cooled at different regimes: RF on and off, barrier bucket RF, and cluster target on and off.
	Slides WECAMH04 [11.045 MB]
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WEYMH02	A Radioactive Ion Beam and Isotope Production Facility for iThemba LABS	cyclotron, neutron, proton, radiation	78
	J.L. Conradie, L.S. Anthony, F. Azaiez, S. Baard, R.A. Bark, A.H. Barnard, J.I. Broodryk, J.C. Cornell, J.G. De Villiers, H. Du Plessis, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, P.G. Gardiner, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, J. Lawrie, C. Lussi, N.R. Mantengu, R.H. McAlister, J. Mira, H.W. Mostert, C. Naidoo, F. Nemulodi, M. Sakildien, G.F. Steyn, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa A. Andrighetto, A. Monetti, G.P. Prete, M. Rossignoli INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	iThemba LABS is a multidisciplinary research institute that provides accelerator-based facilities for physical, biomedical and material sciences, treatment of cancer patients with neutrons and protons and the production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals. The demand for beam time by the 3 main users namely, radioisotope production, nuclear physics research and medical applications, by far exceeds the available time. A feasibility study for a new radioactive ion beam and radioisotope production facility at iThemba LABS is in progress. A dedicated isotope production facility is proposed, which will free the existing K=200 separated sector cyclotron facility for nuclear physics research with stable beams. The K=200 cyclotron will be used as driver for the production of radioactive beams. An overview of the proposed facilities will be given.
	Slides WEYMH02 [28.899 MB]
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WEZMH01	Spallation Neutron Source at the 1 Gev Synchrocyclotron of PNPI	neutron, proton, resonance, experiment	90
	O.A. Shcherbakov, E.M. Ivanov, G.F. Mikheev, G.A. Petrov, G.A. Riabov, A.S. Vorobyev PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
	A description of the spallation pulsed neutron source and neutron time-of-flight spectrometer GNEIS based on the 1 GeV proton synchrocyclotron of PNPI in Gatchina is presented. The main parameters of the neutron source and GNEIS are given in comparison with the analogous world-class facilities. The experimental capabilities of the GNEIS are demonstrated by the examples of some nuclear physics and applied research experiments carried out during four decades of its operation.
	Slides WEZMH01 [32.810 MB]
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WECDMH03	A 5 to 20 MeV Electron Linear Accelerator for Metrology	electron, radiation, vacuum, shielding	102
	Yu. Zuev, Z. Andreeva, M.A. Kalinichenko, A.P. Klinov, A.S. Krestianinov, O.L. Maslennikov, A.V. Tanchuk, V.V. Terentyev NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia S.G. Trofimchuk, I.I. Tsvetkov VNIIM, St.Petersburg, Russia
	The paper outlines design parameters and construction features of an electron linear accelerator to be operated in the D.I.Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM). The accelerator system is intended to form electron and bremsstrahlung radiation fields of variable intensity. This shall extend characteristics of the National measurement standard to be used for calibration of a space monitoring equipment, embedded measuring means for industrial accelerator facilities and others. The accelerator system consists of an electron source, resonance accelerating structure, beam-bending magnet'separator and radiation head with a block of bremsstrahlung targets, foils and collimators. An important feature of the system is spatial steadiness of radiation field at energies varied from 5 to 20 MeV and more than tenfold variation of the accelerated particle current. The status of the project will be presented as well.
	Slides WECDMH03 [9.654 MB]
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THCAMH01	Universal Proton and Neutron Centre for Radiation Resistance of Avionic, Space Electronics and Other Applications at 1 Gev Synchrocyclotron in PNPI	proton, neutron, radiation, electronics	105
	S.A. Artamonov, D.A. Amerkanov, E.M. Ivanov, J.S. Lebedeva, G.F. Mikheev, G.A. Riabov, O.A. Shcherbakov, A.S. Vorobyev PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia V.S. Anashin, L.R. Bakirov, A.E. Koziukov United Rocket and Space Corporation, Institute of Space Device Engineering, Moscow, Russia P.A. Chubunov ISDE, Moscow, Russia
	In PNPI RNC KI a universal center for testing electronic components for the needs of aviation and space and other applications is created on the synchrocyclotron SC-1000 with the proton energy of 1 GeV. The center consists of two protons and one neutron stands for test facilities developed at the PNPI in collaboration with the ROSCOSMOS Interagency Testing Center. The PNPI center is equipped with all necessary systems of diagnostics and monitoring of a beam, installation of targets on a beam. There is an opportunity to vary temperature of exemplars in the wide range. A unique conjunction of proton beams with variable energy 60-1000 MeV and atmospheric like neutron beam with broad energy range (1-1000 MeV) spectrum enable to perform complex testing of the semiconductor electronic devices at the SC-1000 within a single testing cycle.
	Slides THCAMH01 [11.652 MB]
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THCAMH03	The Target Development For Medical Radionuclides 67Cu and 82Sr Production	proton, diagnostics, cyclotron, extraction	111
	S.A. Krotov, A.E. Barzakh, L.Kh. Batist, D.V. Fedorov, V.S. Ivanov, P.L. Molkanov, F.V. Moroz, S.Yu. Orlov, V.N. Panteleev, Yu.M. Volkov PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
	A high current cyclotron C-80 with the energy of extracted proton beam of 40-80 MeV and the current up to 200 mkA has been constructed at PNPI (Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute). Presently the work is in progress for external proton beam adjustment. The main goal of the C-80 is production of medical radionuclides for diagnostics and therapy. This cyclotron is also intended for treatment of ophthalmologic diseases by irradiation of malignant eye formation. At the beam of C-80 the radioisotope complex RIC-80 (Radioactive Isotopes at cyclotron C-80), has been designed, which ensures obtaining sources of a high activity practically for the whole list of medical radionuclides produced at accelerators. An essential peculiarity of the RIC-80 is the use of the mass-separator that will allow the production of separated high purity radionuclides very important for medicine purposes. Presently different target prototypes for the production of radionuclides at the RIC-80 are being developed. The results of different target material tests for production of radioisotopes 67Cu, 82Sr, 223, 224Ra and others have been presented.
	Slides THCAMH03 [4.686 MB]
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THCAMH04	MCC-30/15 Cyclotron-based System for Production of Radionuclides Project.	cyclotron, ion, diagnostics, operation	114
	A.P. Strokach, Yu.N. Gavrish, S.V. Grigorenko, V.I. Grigoriev, M.L. Klopenkov, R.M. Klopenkov, V.G. Mudrolyubov, G.V. Muraviov, V.I. Nikishkin, V.I. Ponomarenko NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
	The projected MCC-30/15 cyclotron system is intended for operation in high-technology nuclear medicine centers. The system consists of a cyclotron, target systems for production of radionuclides in liquid, gaseous and solid states and a beamline for transport of accelerated ions to final units. The updated MCC-30/15 cyclotron with new systems for external injection, RF power supply and acceleration will ensure accelerated proton and deuteron beams in energy ranges of 15 - 30 and 9 - 15 MeV and currents not lower than 200 and 70 mkA respectively. Target systems are equipped with systems for remote replacement of gaseous and liquid targets. Modular configuration of the beamline will allow the production of isotopes and carrying out of researches to be performed in separate experimental halls.
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THCAMH05	The CC-18/9M Cyclotron System for Production of Isotopes for PET	cyclotron, proton, ion, diagnostics	117
	R.M. Klopenkov, M.A. Emeljanov, A.V. Galchuck, Yu.N. Gavrish, P.A. Gnutov, S.V. Grigorenko, V.I. Grigoriev, M.L. Klopenkov, L.E. Korolev, A.N. Kuzhlev, A.G. Miroshnichenko, V.G. Mudrolyubov, G.V. Muraviov, V.I. Nikishkin, V.I. Ponomarenko, K.E. Smirnov, Yu.I. Stogov, A.P. Strokach, S.S. Tsygankov, O.L. Veresov NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia I.A. Ashanin, I.P. Grigoryev, A.S. Guchkin CHTD, Moscow, Russia
	The CC-18/9M cyclotron system has been designed, manufactured and delivered to JSC "NIITFA", Moscow to be operated in a pilot PET center. Acceptance tests have been conducted; design parameters of the updated cyclotron have been obtained: energy variation of accelerated proton and deuteron beams within the ranges of 12 - 18 and 6 - 9 MeV with currents of 150 and 50 mkA respectively. For the first time in NIIEFA practice the cyclotron is equipped with a target system intended for the production of F-18 and C-11 radionuclides for PET. At present the cyclotron system in the PET center is put into commercial operation.
	Slides THCAMH05 [4.462 MB]
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THCAMH06	Gantry Free Transport Line for a Proton/Ion Therapy	proton, ion, controls, radiation	120
	M.M. Kats ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	For a long time a gantry was considered as a mandatory element for proton/ion therapy facility. However medics from MGH (Boston) suggested alternative concept which leads to decrease both cost and size of the facility. The concept is based on the following provisions: - immovable isocenter; - active scanning of a target volume; - different positions of patients at different fractions: - using CT on the place of irradiation after each change of positions of the patient for improvement plan; - using small change direction of the beam (like ±100). The "Planar isocentric system" developed by author can be used to enlarge the flexibility of the concept. It's relatively chip, small and can be realized for short time. It can be used for treatment for 90% of localizations. The system can replace gantry in centers of proton/ion therapy providing significant decreasing of treatment price. The details of the system are presented and discussed. Susu Yan et al, MGH Reassessment of the Necessity of the Proton Gantry: Analysis of Beam Orientations From 4332 Treatments.., Radiation Oncology, May 1, 2016 V. 95, Issue 1, P.224. ** M.M.Kats, Planar isocentric system instead of gantry, PTCOG55, 2016.
	Slides THCAMH06 [1.580 MB]
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TUPSA018	Experimental Facility for E-Beam Irradiation Test of Prototype IF Target in RISP	electron, controls, vacuum, radiation	253
	V. Gubin Institute of Laser Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia I. Chakin, S. Fadeev, M. Golkovsky, Yu. Maltseva, P.V. Martyshkin BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia J.Y. Kim, J.-W. Kim, Y.H. Park IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	Nowadays project RISP is developed in IBS, Daejeon. One of the main project devices is graphite targets system meant for production of rare isotopes by means of the in-flight fragmentation (IF) technique. The power inside the target system deposited by the primary beam with energy of 200 MeV/u is estimated to be around 100 kW. The target represents rotating multi-slice graphite disc cooled by thermal radiation. Necessary step of the target development is integrated test of target prototype under high power electron beam modelling real energy deposit into target. This test is planned to be held in BINP, Novosibirsk, with the use of ELV-6 accelerator. This paper presents the design of experimental facility as well as experimental program of test. Specifications of electron beam (energy close to 800 keV, size ~ 1mm, total power 30-40 kW) are discussed. Parameters and design of basic devices and systems of facility are described.
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TUPSA049	Electromagnetic Field in Dielectric Concentrator for Cherenkov Radiation	radiation, vacuum, optics, diagnostics	316
	S.N. Galyamin, A.A. Grigoreva, A.V. Tyukhtin, V.V. Vorobev Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia E.S. Belonogaya LETI, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
	Funding: Work was supported by the Grant of the President of Russian Federation (No. 6765.2015.2) and the Grant from Russian Foundation for Basic Research (No. 15-32-20985). Recently we have reported on axisymmetric dielectric concentrator for Cherenkov radiation that focuses almost the whole radiation in the vicinity of the given point (focus) located on the trajectory of the charge. Particularly, we have shown that this structure can increase the field up to two orders of magnitude. In this report we continue investigation of this concentrating target and analyse in more detail the field near the focal point depending on parameters of the target. S.N. Galyamin and A.V. Tyukhtin, Phys. Rev. Lett., 113, 064802 (2014).
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TUPSA051	Form-factor Determination of an Arbitrary Bunch Sequence for the Coherent Radiation Calculation	radiation, factory, electron, diagnostics	322
	D.A. Shkitov, A.E. Harisova TPU, Tomsk, Russia
	It is well known that the coherent effect occur when charged particles in a bunch radiate in phase. This is accompanied by a quadratic increase in the radiation intensity and significantly influences the radiation spectrum. The coherent radiation is characterized by a form factor, which is the coefficient mainly depending on the ratio of bunch dimensions to the observed radiation wave length. The form factors will be different for the synchrotron and transition radiation because of their different nature of radiation. Now electron accelerators that produced beams with a sub-picosecond bunch length and a picosecond distance between them already exist. Through the appearance of interference between radiation from such a sequence of bunches, the total intensity is no longer equal to the sum of radiation from each bunches. For this reason, it is essential to determine the form factor of an arbitrary electron bunch sequence. Herein the uniform bunch distribution will be the special case. In this report we describe an approach to obtaining the form factor of the arbitrary bunch sequence.
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TUPSA062	Modeling of Triode Source of Intense Radial Converging Electron Beam	electron, cathode, plasma, simulation	336
	V.V. Altsybeyev, V.I. Engelko, A.D. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Ovsyannikov, V.A. Ponomarev Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia R. Fetzer, G. Müller KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
	The considered source of triode type produces intense radial converging electron beam for irradiation of cylindrical targets. As an electron emitter an explosive plasma cathode is used. The role of initial transverse velocities of electrons, defocusing effect of the controlling grid, the beam self-magnetic field, electron and ion emission from the controlling grid, backscattering of electrons and ion flow from the target is analyzed. Conditions for achieving required electron beam parameters (the electron kinetic energy - 120 keV, the beam energy density on the target 40 J/cm² on a maximum possible length of the target surface) were determined.
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WEPSB003	Design Relativistic Charged Particle Beam Transportation Channels	interface, software, simulation, database	354
	G.P. Averyanov, V.A. Budkin, I.O. Osadchuk MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
	This paper contains results of development new version (2016) of program for channels design high-energy beams of charged particles. The program includes application package modeling the dynamics of charged particles in the channel, operational tools to change the channel parameters, channel optimization tools and processing output beam parameters with graphic and digital presentation of its key features. The MATLAB (Scilab) was used as programming tools, allows to make the source code modular, compact and scalable. New object-oriented graphical user interface provides an interactive assembly of new or modernization of previously developed channel - selection and arrangement of its elements, as well as the installation and the variation of their parameters. The relational database, which is part of the new version of program, providing additional functionality to the designer. It is intended for storage of the current development, and to preserve the previously completed projects, as well as other useful designer related information. A multi-output of all the main parameters of the beam at the output, as well as anywhere in the channel. In this case, the developer has the ability to interactively search and setting the optimum mode of operation channel.
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WEPSB013	On Approach for Resonant Frequency Tuning in Drift Tube Structures on the Designing Stage	cavity, simulation, controls, electron	386
	I. Skudnova, V.V. Altsybeyev Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
	Current research considers the interdigital H-mode linear resonant accelerator with drift tubes mounted inside the cavity. The focus of the study has been on the dependence of resonant frequency on the parameters of the geometry. Since Alternating-Phase-Focusing (APF) type of accelerator is investigated, the efficiency of the operation depends on the synchronization of the charged particle velocity and accelerating field oscillations. Researchers can control it by the variation of longitudinal size of the cells of the structure (periods). On the other hand, the effective performance of the resonant system requires the equality of resonant frequencies of its cells, because it affects the uniformity of accelerating field distribution along the axis. The diversity of cells longitudinal sizes causes the deviation from the particular value of the resonant frequency. This aberration can be eliminated by the adjustment of other geometry parameters: period's length, gap ratio and drift tube diameter. We have conducted the study to analyze the relation between resonant frequency and these values. Using the this dependency we can tune the geometry parameters of each period in the structure. We first create the computer-aided design (CAD) geometry model of the accelerator cavity. Then, using Comsol Multiphysics, the platform for physics-based modeling and simulation, we conduct the calculation of resonant frequencies.
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WEPSB017	Chromatic and Nonlinear Dynamics of Antiprotons Injected to Collector Ring at FAIR	antiproton, sextupole, lattice, septum	398
	D.B. Shwartz, I. Koop, P.Yu. Shatunov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia D.B. Shwartz NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Collector Ring (CR) is the storage ring for capturing and stochastic cooling of secondary beams of antiprotons or secondary ions. It is a part of a FAIR project being presently at the early start of a construction phase. Due to the proposed large acceptance in both transverse and longitudinal phase spaces, the chromatic aberrations and their correction with sextupoles are very important for capture efficiency. Calculations results for beam transfer from Pbar target to the ring are presented.
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WEPSB045	The Way To Improve Conformity Of Proton Therapy	proton, scattering, radiation, ion	464
	I.A. Yakovlev, S.V. Akulinichev, Y.K. Gavrilov RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia R.D. Ilich VINCA, Belgrade, Serbia
	Funding: Institute for nuclear research of RAS (INR), Moscow 117312, Russia In the case of small tumors the pencil beam width may be comparable with the target size. In these cases the application of classic method of passive beam scattering with a one-stage formation of dose distribution may be reasonable. However, the last method in its standard implementation fails to provide the dose conformity: either the maximal dose exceeds the tumor volume on its proximate site or the dose deviates too much within the tumor. In order to overcome this shortcoming of the passive scattering method, we suggest a new construction of a two-component ridge filter (the corresponding patent is pending). We have performed a series of calculations with the Monte-Carlo code SRNA in order to find the optimal construction from the point of view of dose delivery accuracy and of the device manufacturability. With that ridge filter the 95% isodose does not notably leave the tumor volume. The usual 'wings' of isodoses on proximate side are now absent and the volume of irradiated healthy tissue is significantly reduced. The experimental tests with proton beams are now in progress.
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WEPSB048	Beam Shaping Assembly Optimization for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy	neutron, proton, simulation, photon	471
	T. Sycheva, S.Yu. Taskaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia S.A. Frolov, S.I. Lezhnin NSI RAS, Moscow, Russia
	Epithermal neutron source, based on vacuum insulation tandem accelerator and lithium target, has been developed and is now in use in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. Neutrons are generated in 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction under proton energies from 2 to 2.5 MeV. A beam shaping assembly (BSA) for therapeutic neutron beam forming is used. It includes moderator, reflector, and absorber. In this work the simulation results of the depth dose rate distribution in modified Snyder head phantom for a range of neutron energies are presented and discussed. Variants of BSA optimization depending on tumor depth are proposed. The calculations were carried out by Monte-Carlo neutron and photon transport code NMC. Our research revealed that high quality neutron beam generation may be obtained with proton energy of 2.3 MeV. Discovered optimal schemes of BSA including sizes and materials are presented and discussed.
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WEPSB052	The Use of Graphene as Stripper Foils in the Siemens Eclipse Cyclotron	cyclotron, ion, experiment, ion-source	483
	S. Korenev, R. Dishman, A. Martin Yebra Siemens Medical Solutions Molecular Imaging, Knoxville, TN, USA R.L. Fink, I. Pavlovsky ANI, Austin, USA N.D. Meshcheryakov, I.B. Smirnov Siemens Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
	This paper presents the results of an experimental study for the use of graphene foils as an extractor (stripper) foil in the 11-MeV Siemens Eclipse Cyclotron. The main advantage of graphene foils compared with carbon and graphite foils is its very high thermal conductivity. The graphene also has significant mechanical strength for atomically thin carbon layers. The life time of these foils is more than 18,000 mkA*H. The graphene foils showed a significant increase in the transmission factor (the ratio of the beam current on the stripper foil to the current on the target), which was approximately 90%. The technology in fabricating these graphene foils is shown. The pros and cons of using the graphene material as a stripper foil in cyclotrons are analyzed.
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WEPSB055	The Problems of Accelerator-Driver Design for ADS	neutron, proton, linac, controls	486
	A.G. Golovkina, I.V. Kudinovich, D.A. Ovsyannikov St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia I.V. Kudinovich KSRC, St. Petersburg, Russia Y.A. Svistunov Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia Y.A. Svistunov NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
	Main problems of accelerator-driver design for ADS are considered. Accelerator-driver should meet additional requirements in comparison with accelerators for other purposes: - high neutron production rate; - higher reliability; - continuous operation for more than 5000 hours; - possibility of accelerator parameters adjustment to regulate ADS power level. Different types of accelerators were analyzed taking into account the mentioned features and the fact that the most prospective way of ADS application nowadays is transmutation. It's shown that the most preferable accelerator type is proton linac. Also it's marked that for demonstration facilities accelerators with lower requirements and correspondingly cost can be used.
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WEPSB060	Development of Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy at the LEPTA Facility	positron, electron, acceleration, cryogenics	499
	A.A. Sidorin, E.V. Ahmanova, M.K. Eseev, A.G. Kobets, I.N. Meshkov, O. Orlov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia M.K. Eseev NAFU, Arkhangelsk, Russia V.I. Hilinov, P. Horodek, I.N. Meshkov, K. Siemek JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia P. Horodek, K. Siemek IFJ-PAN, Kraków, Poland A.G. Kobets IERT, Kharkov, Ukraine
	The report aims to present the status of the development of the LEPTA facility for further enhancement of the positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) method application at the LEPTA facility. The research in solid state physics performed currently is based on slow monochromatic positron flux from the injector and Doppler PAS. The new positron transfer channel being under construction at the LEPTA allows us to develop more advanced PAS method - so called 'Positron Annihilation life-time spectroscopy' (PALS). It will enrich significantly the research program at the LEPTA. PAS method is sensitive to microdefects in solids. A pair of gamma quanta, born as a result of positron-electron annihilation carries information about the density of the defects that have the size less than 10 nm and are located at the depth from the surface of the material depending on the positron energy. New monochromatic positron source construction supplied with the autonomous cooling system with emitter-source of the activity of 30 mCi (iThemba LABS production) and new positron transfer channel are presented in report.
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WEPSB061	Neutron Generators of the NG-10 Series for Metrology	neutron, ion, controls, vacuum	502
	D.A. Solnyshkov, A.V. Kozlov, A.N. Kuzhlev, N.P. Mikulinas, A.V. Morozov, G.G. Voronin NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
	Neutron generators NG-10 and NG-10M with a neutron yield of 110¹⁰ n/s and 210¹¹ n/s respectively have been designed in the JSC "NIIEFA". The generators are high-voltage accelerators with target devices intended for installation and effective cooling of Ti-T/Ti-D targets of different diameters. A duoplasmotron with a beam current up to 5 mA is used in the NG-10 generator, and the NG-10M employs a microwave ion source providing the beam current up to 10 mA. The power supplies, which are under high voltage, are controlled via fiber optic communication lines. Deuterium ions produced in the ion source are accelerated up to 150 keV in a sectionalized accelerating tube, separated in mass with an electromagnetic mass-separator and focused onto a target with a doublet of electromagnetic quadrupole lenses. The generators are equipped with several lines to transport the beam to targets, which can be placed in separate rooms. In addition to a high and stable in time yield of neutrons when operating continuously, the generators provide the pulsed mode with a smooth variation of the pulse width from 2 mks up to 100 mks and pulse repetition rate from 1 Hz up to 20 kHz.
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WEPSB071	Charged Beams Optical Properties of Scattering Media	scattering, emittance, interface, optics	521
	V.G. Kurakin, P.V. Kurakin LPI, Moscow, Russia
	In some accelerator based applications scattering media are placed on beam path. It may be internal beam target, dielectric film or metallic foil to separate volumes with different gas pressure during beam extraction from accelerator, roughing target in charge changing injection in circular accelerator and storage ring and so on. In particular cases detailed knowledge of beam dynamics in scattering media is necessary. This is especially true, for example, in the case of recovery energy accelerator where accelerated in superconducting linac high energy electron beam is directed again to accelerator after interaction with target. Distribution function for scattering angle and transverse displacement is used to derive the phase-plane portrait transformation in scattering medium for incoming charged particle beam. The phase-plane portrait of scattered beam depends strongly on incoming beam ellipse proportions and orientation, and simple matching conditions and expression has been derived. It is shown as well that in heterogeneous medium incident beam experiences trajectory refraction at the out coming medium border. Refraction factor has been calculated for an off-normal incidence of a beam. It is worth to note that refractive property of scattering media may for used for beam focusing.
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WEPSB077	High Speed Cryogenic Monodisperse Targets for High Intensity Cyclic and Linear Accelerators	cryogenics, vacuum, controls, experiment	532
	A.V. Bukharov, E.V. Vishnevskii MPEI, Moscow, Russia
	The basic possibility of creation of high speed cryogenic monodisperse targets is shown. According to calculations at input of thin liquid cryogenic jets with a velocity of bigger 100 m/s in vacuum the jets don't manage to freeze at distance to 1 mm and can be broken into monodisperse drops. Drops due to evaporation are cooled and become granules. High speed cryogenic monodisperse targets have the following advantages: direct input in vacuum (there is no need for a chamber of a triple point chamber and sluices), it is possible to use the equipment of a cluster target, it is possible to receive targets with a diameter of D < 20 mkm from various cryogenic liquids (H2, D2, N2, Ar) with dispersion less than 1%, the high velocity of monodisperse granules(> 100m/s), exact synchronization of the target hitting moment in a beam with the moment of sensors turning on
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THPSC046	High-Power High-Temperature Graphite Beam Dump for E-Beam Irradiation Test of Prototype IF Target in RISP	electron, simulation, scattering, experiment	632
	V. Gubin Institute of Laser Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia J.Y. Kim, J.-W. Kim, Y.H. Park IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Yu. Maltseva, P.V. Martyshkin BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Nowadays project RISP is developed in IBS, Daejeon. One of the main project device is graphite target system meant for production of rare isotopes by means of the in-flight fragmentation (IF) technique. The power inside the target system deposited by the primary beam with energy of 200 MeV/u is estimated to be around 100 kW. The target represents rotating multi-slice graphite disc cooled by thermal radiation. Necessary step of target development is integrated test of target prototype under high power electron beam modelling real energy deposit into target. This test is planned to be held in BINP, Novosibirsk, with the use of ELV-6 accelerator. Heavy-ion beam will be modelled by the e^- beam of ELV-6 accelerator with diameter down to ~1 mm and energy 800 keV (minimum possible). IF target is not full stopping target for an electron beam with energy 800 keV. Considerable part of beam energy will be not absorbed by a target material and must be deposited into special beam dump. In this paper the design of beam dump of the graphite cone geometry cooled by thermal irradiation is described.
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THPSC050	Possibilities of Diffraction Radiation Non-Destructive Diagnostics for Non- and Moderately Relativistic Beams	radiation, proton, diagnostics, simulation	644
	D.A. Shkitov, A. Potylitsyn TPU, Tomsk, Russia
	Funding: The work was partially supported by the RFBR grant No 15-52-50028. In order to design and construct new modern accelerators with high brightness beams, the development new non-destructive diagnostic tools for accelerated beams is required. Diffraction radiation (DR) is generated by charged particles moving in the vicinity of the conductive target. The DR technique is used successfully for non-destructive diagnostics for ultrarelativistic beams,. For non-relativistic and moderately relativistic charged particles beams (g ~ a few tens or less, g is the Lorentz factor) non-destructive DR diagnostics can be applied also if a beam intensity is high enough due to coherent effect. Intensity of coherent radiation is proportional to the squared bunch population. In this report estimations of non-destructive bunch diagnostics possibility based on DR for the beam parameters of a few machines are presented. Those estimations were performed for electron machine: PITZ project and laser wakefield accelerator, and moreover for ESS proton linear accelerator**. First evaluation of whole wavelength range DR from 4-mm-slit target gave about 56 mJ from one macro-pulse of ESS accelerator. Amplification of DR spectral-angular intensity due to coherent effect will be in N = 10⁸ times than incoherent radiation from the same beam, where N is the bunch population. P. Karataev et al., PRL 93 (2004) 244802 A. Cianchi et al., PRST-AB 14 (2011) 102803 * http://pitz.desy.de ** B.S. Rao et al., PRST-AB 17 (2014) 011301 *** https://europeanspallationsource.se
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THPSC051	The Magnetic Energy Analyzer for Electron Beam Of LUE-200 Linac of IREN Facility	electron, detector, vacuum, linac	647
	A.P. Sumbaev, V.I. Shokin, N.I. Tarantin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Theses for a base substantiation, results of the calculation for the electron optical parameters and design features of the magnetic energy analyzer for the beam of the electron LUE-200 linac are presented. The static dipole magnet with homogeneous transverse field and with a combined functions (the functions of a spectrometer and of a spectrograph) established after the second accelerating section, allows to spend measurements in a wide energy range of the analyzed particles up to 224 MeV with the instrumentation resolution not worse ± 5 %.
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THPSC070	Measurement of the Proton Beam Profile via an Activation Method of Diagnostics	proton, neutron, experiment, diagnostics	698
	E.O. Sokolova Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia D.A. Kasatov, Ya.A. Kolesnikov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The study was supported by grants from the Russian Science Foundation (Project no. 14-32-00006) and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and the Novosibirsk State University. In The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics the accelerator-based source of epithermal neutrons was invented and now operates to be used in the boron neutron capture therapy. Neutrons on the facility are generated during the threshold reaction 7Li(p, n)7Be which occurs when the proton beam is thrown on the lithium target. To control the neutron output it is necessary to monitor the parameters of the accelerated proton beam. The spatial distribution of the accelerated proton beam was measured exactly on the lithium target. Due to the interaction of protons and lithium there is an accumulation of a radioactive isotope of beryllium takes place. After experiments about neutrons generation it seems possible to track an area of beryllium storage and then restore the proton beam profile. The monitoring of gamma-quants with the energy of 0,477 MeV arising during the beryllium decay was carried out via the gamma-spectrometric complex. The main part of this complex is NaI-scintillation detector, which was pre-calibrated with energy. As a result of such kind of diagnostic the profile of the beam, its shape and characteristic size were determined and the results are depicted in this paper. Afterwards it could be used for an estimation of the total neutrons flux, its quantity, also to assess the target state and restore the proton beam profile.
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

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TUZMH01

Status of U-70

proton, extraction, flattop, acceleration

44

S.V. Ivanov
IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia

Funding: National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute"
The report overviews present status of the Accelerator Complex U70 at IHEP of NRC "Kurchatov Institute". The emphasis is put on the recent activity and upgrades implemented since the previous conference RuPAC-2014, in a run-by-run chronological ordering.
* on behalf of the U70 staff

Slides TUZMH01 [6.858 MB]

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WECAMH04

Recent Experiments With High Energy Electron Cooler in COSY

electron, proton, experiment, storage-ring

67

V.B. Reva, M.I. Bryzgunov, V.V. Parkhomchuk, D.N. Skorobogatov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
V. Kamerdzhiev
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
I.N. Meshkov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The 2 MeV electron cooling system at COSY-Jülich started operation in 2013. The cooling process was observed in the wide energy range of the electron beam from 100 keV to 1.26 MeV. Vertical, horizontal and longitudinal cooling was obtained with bunched and coasting proton beam. This report deals with electron cooling experiments at COSY with proton beam at energy 1.66 and 2.3 GeV. The proton beam was cooled at different regimes: RF on and off, barrier bucket RF, and cluster target on and off.

Slides WECAMH04 [11.045 MB]

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WEYMH02

A Radioactive Ion Beam and Isotope Production Facility for iThemba LABS

cyclotron, neutron, proton, radiation

78

J.L. Conradie, L.S. Anthony, F. Azaiez, S. Baard, R.A. Bark, A.H. Barnard, J.I. Broodryk, J.C. Cornell, J.G. De Villiers, H. Du Plessis, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, P.G. Gardiner, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, J. Lawrie, C. Lussi, N.R. Mantengu, R.H. McAlister, J. Mira, H.W. Mostert, C. Naidoo, F. Nemulodi, M. Sakildien, G.F. Steyn, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
A. Andrighetto, A. Monetti, G.P. Prete, M. Rossignoli
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

iThemba LABS is a multidisciplinary research institute that provides accelerator-based facilities for physical, biomedical and material sciences, treatment of cancer patients with neutrons and protons and the production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals. The demand for beam time by the 3 main users namely, radioisotope production, nuclear physics research and medical applications, by far exceeds the available time. A feasibility study for a new radioactive ion beam and radioisotope production facility at iThemba LABS is in progress. A dedicated isotope production facility is proposed, which will free the existing K=200 separated sector cyclotron facility for nuclear physics research with stable beams. The K=200 cyclotron will be used as driver for the production of radioactive beams. An overview of the proposed facilities will be given.

Slides WEYMH02 [28.899 MB]

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WEZMH01

Spallation Neutron Source at the 1 Gev Synchrocyclotron of PNPI

neutron, proton, resonance, experiment

90

O.A. Shcherbakov, E.M. Ivanov, G.F. Mikheev, G.A. Petrov, G.A. Riabov, A.S. Vorobyev
PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia

A description of the spallation pulsed neutron source and neutron time-of-flight spectrometer GNEIS based on the 1 GeV proton synchrocyclotron of PNPI in Gatchina is presented. The main parameters of the neutron source and GNEIS are given in comparison with the analogous world-class facilities. The experimental capabilities of the GNEIS are demonstrated by the examples of some nuclear physics and applied research experiments carried out during four decades of its operation.

Slides WEZMH01 [32.810 MB]

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WECDMH03

A 5 to 20 MeV Electron Linear Accelerator for Metrology

electron, radiation, vacuum, shielding

102

Yu. Zuev, Z. Andreeva, M.A. Kalinichenko, A.P. Klinov, A.S. Krestianinov, O.L. Maslennikov, A.V. Tanchuk, V.V. Terentyev
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
S.G. Trofimchuk, I.I. Tsvetkov
VNIIM, St.Petersburg, Russia

The paper outlines design parameters and construction features of an electron linear accelerator to be operated in the D.I.Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM). The accelerator system is intended to form electron and bremsstrahlung radiation fields of variable intensity. This shall extend characteristics of the National measurement standard to be used for calibration of a space monitoring equipment, embedded measuring means for industrial accelerator facilities and others. The accelerator system consists of an electron source, resonance accelerating structure, beam-bending magnet'separator and radiation head with a block of bremsstrahlung targets, foils and collimators. An important feature of the system is spatial steadiness of radiation field at energies varied from 5 to 20 MeV and more than tenfold variation of the accelerated particle current. The status of the project will be presented as well.

Slides WECDMH03 [9.654 MB]

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THCAMH01

Universal Proton and Neutron Centre for Radiation Resistance of Avionic, Space Electronics and Other Applications at 1 Gev Synchrocyclotron in PNPI

proton, neutron, radiation, electronics

105

S.A. Artamonov, D.A. Amerkanov, E.M. Ivanov, J.S. Lebedeva, G.F. Mikheev, G.A. Riabov, O.A. Shcherbakov, A.S. Vorobyev
PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
V.S. Anashin, L.R. Bakirov, A.E. Koziukov
United Rocket and Space Corporation, Institute of Space Device Engineering, Moscow, Russia
P.A. Chubunov
ISDE, Moscow, Russia

In PNPI RNC KI a universal center for testing electronic components for the needs of aviation and space and other applications is created on the synchrocyclotron SC-1000 with the proton energy of 1 GeV. The center consists of two protons and one neutron stands for test facilities developed at the PNPI in collaboration with the ROSCOSMOS Interagency Testing Center. The PNPI center is equipped with all necessary systems of diagnostics and monitoring of a beam, installation of targets on a beam. There is an opportunity to vary temperature of exemplars in the wide range. A unique conjunction of proton beams with variable energy 60-1000 MeV and atmospheric like neutron beam with broad energy range (1-1000 MeV) spectrum enable to perform complex testing of the semiconductor electronic devices at the SC-1000 within a single testing cycle.

Slides THCAMH01 [11.652 MB]

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THCAMH03

The Target Development For Medical Radionuclides 67Cu and 82Sr Production

proton, diagnostics, cyclotron, extraction

111

S.A. Krotov, A.E. Barzakh, L.Kh. Batist, D.V. Fedorov, V.S. Ivanov, P.L. Molkanov, F.V. Moroz, S.Yu. Orlov, V.N. Panteleev, Yu.M. Volkov
PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia

A high current cyclotron C-80 with the energy of extracted proton beam of 40-80 MeV and the current up to 200 mkA has been constructed at PNPI (Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute). Presently the work is in progress for external proton beam adjustment. The main goal of the C-80 is production of medical radionuclides for diagnostics and therapy. This cyclotron is also intended for treatment of ophthalmologic diseases by irradiation of malignant eye formation. At the beam of C-80 the radioisotope complex RIC-80 (Radioactive Isotopes at cyclotron C-80), has been designed, which ensures obtaining sources of a high activity practically for the whole list of medical radionuclides produced at accelerators. An essential peculiarity of the RIC-80 is the use of the mass-separator that will allow the production of separated high purity radionuclides very important for medicine purposes. Presently different target prototypes for the production of radionuclides at the RIC-80 are being developed. The results of different target material tests for production of radioisotopes 67Cu, 82Sr, 223, 224Ra and others have been presented.

Slides THCAMH03 [4.686 MB]

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THCAMH04

MCC-30/15 Cyclotron-based System for Production of Radionuclides Project.

cyclotron, ion, diagnostics, operation

114

A.P. Strokach, Yu.N. Gavrish, S.V. Grigorenko, V.I. Grigoriev, M.L. Klopenkov, R.M. Klopenkov, V.G. Mudrolyubov, G.V. Muraviov, V.I. Nikishkin, V.I. Ponomarenko
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia

The projected MCC-30/15 cyclotron system is intended for operation in high-technology nuclear medicine centers. The system consists of a cyclotron, target systems for production of radionuclides in liquid, gaseous and solid states and a beamline for transport of accelerated ions to final units. The updated MCC-30/15 cyclotron with new systems for external injection, RF power supply and acceleration will ensure accelerated proton and deuteron beams in energy ranges of 15 - 30 and 9 - 15 MeV and currents not lower than 200 and 70 mkA respectively. Target systems are equipped with systems for remote replacement of gaseous and liquid targets. Modular configuration of the beamline will allow the production of isotopes and carrying out of researches to be performed in separate experimental halls.

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THCAMH05

The CC-18/9M Cyclotron System for Production of Isotopes for PET

cyclotron, proton, ion, diagnostics

117

R.M. Klopenkov, M.A. Emeljanov, A.V. Galchuck, Yu.N. Gavrish, P.A. Gnutov, S.V. Grigorenko, V.I. Grigoriev, M.L. Klopenkov, L.E. Korolev, A.N. Kuzhlev, A.G. Miroshnichenko, V.G. Mudrolyubov, G.V. Muraviov, V.I. Nikishkin, V.I. Ponomarenko, K.E. Smirnov, Yu.I. Stogov, A.P. Strokach, S.S. Tsygankov, O.L. Veresov
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
I.A. Ashanin, I.P. Grigoryev, A.S. Guchkin
CHTD, Moscow, Russia

The CC-18/9M cyclotron system has been designed, manufactured and delivered to JSC "NIITFA", Moscow to be operated in a pilot PET center. Acceptance tests have been conducted; design parameters of the updated cyclotron have been obtained: energy variation of accelerated proton and deuteron beams within the ranges of 12 - 18 and 6 - 9 MeV with currents of 150 and 50 mkA respectively. For the first time in NIIEFA practice the cyclotron is equipped with a target system intended for the production of F-18 and C-11 radionuclides for PET. At present the cyclotron system in the PET center is put into commercial operation.

Slides THCAMH05 [4.462 MB]

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THCAMH06

Gantry Free Transport Line for a Proton/Ion Therapy

proton, ion, controls, radiation

120

M.M. Kats
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

For a long time a gantry was considered as a mandatory element for proton/ion therapy facility. However medics from MGH (Boston) suggested alternative concept which leads to decrease both cost and size of the facility*. The concept is based on the following provisions: - immovable isocenter; - active scanning of a target volume; - different positions of patients at different fractions: - using CT on the place of irradiation after each change of positions of the patient for improvement plan; - using small change direction of the beam (like ±100). The "Planar isocentric system" developed by author can be used to enlarge the flexibility of the concept**. It's relatively chip, small and can be realized for short time. It can be used for treatment for 90% of localizations. The system can replace gantry in centers of proton/ion therapy providing significant decreasing of treatment price. The details of the system are presented and discussed.
* Susu Yan et al, MGH Reassessment of the Necessity of the Proton Gantry: Analysis of Beam Orientations From 4332 Treatments.., Radiation Oncology, May 1, 2016 V. 95, Issue 1, P.224.
** M.M.Kats, Planar isocentric system instead of gantry, PTCOG55, 2016.

Slides THCAMH06 [1.580 MB]

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TUPSA018

Experimental Facility for E-Beam Irradiation Test of Prototype IF Target in RISP

electron, controls, vacuum, radiation

253

V. Gubin
Institute of Laser Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
I. Chakin, S. Fadeev, M. Golkovsky, Yu. Maltseva, P.V. Martyshkin
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
J.Y. Kim, J.-W. Kim, Y.H. Park
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Nowadays project RISP is developed in IBS, Daejeon. One of the main project devices is graphite targets system meant for production of rare isotopes by means of the in-flight fragmentation (IF) technique. The power inside the target system deposited by the primary beam with energy of 200 MeV/u is estimated to be around 100 kW. The target represents rotating multi-slice graphite disc cooled by thermal radiation. Necessary step of the target development is integrated test of target prototype under high power electron beam modelling real energy deposit into target. This test is planned to be held in BINP, Novosibirsk, with the use of ELV-6 accelerator. This paper presents the design of experimental facility as well as experimental program of test. Specifications of electron beam (energy close to 800 keV, size ~ 1mm, total power 30-40 kW) are discussed. Parameters and design of basic devices and systems of facility are described.

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TUPSA049

Electromagnetic Field in Dielectric Concentrator for Cherenkov Radiation

radiation, vacuum, optics, diagnostics

316

S.N. Galyamin, A.A. Grigoreva, A.V. Tyukhtin, V.V. Vorobev
Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
E.S. Belonogaya
LETI, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Funding: Work was supported by the Grant of the President of Russian Federation (No. 6765.2015.2) and the Grant from Russian Foundation for Basic Research (No. 15-32-20985).
Recently we have reported on axisymmetric dielectric concentrator for Cherenkov radiation that focuses almost the whole radiation in the vicinity of the given point (focus) located on the trajectory of the charge*. Particularly, we have shown that this structure can increase the field up to two orders of magnitude. In this report we continue investigation of this concentrating target and analyse in more detail the field near the focal point depending on parameters of the target.
* S.N. Galyamin and A.V. Tyukhtin, Phys. Rev. Lett., 113, 064802 (2014).

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TUPSA051

Form-factor Determination of an Arbitrary Bunch Sequence for the Coherent Radiation Calculation

radiation, factory, electron, diagnostics

322

D.A. Shkitov, A.E. Harisova
TPU, Tomsk, Russia

It is well known that the coherent effect occur when charged particles in a bunch radiate in phase. This is accompanied by a quadratic increase in the radiation intensity and significantly influences the radiation spectrum. The coherent radiation is characterized by a form factor, which is the coefficient mainly depending on the ratio of bunch dimensions to the observed radiation wave length. The form factors will be different for the synchrotron and transition radiation because of their different nature of radiation. Now electron accelerators that produced beams with a sub-picosecond bunch length and a picosecond distance between them already exist. Through the appearance of interference between radiation from such a sequence of bunches, the total intensity is no longer equal to the sum of radiation from each bunches. For this reason, it is essential to determine the form factor of an arbitrary electron bunch sequence. Herein the uniform bunch distribution will be the special case. In this report we describe an approach to obtaining the form factor of the arbitrary bunch sequence.

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TUPSA062

Modeling of Triode Source of Intense Radial Converging Electron Beam

electron, cathode, plasma, simulation

336

V.V. Altsybeyev, V.I. Engelko, A.D. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Ovsyannikov, V.A. Ponomarev
Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
R. Fetzer, G. Müller
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

The considered source of triode type produces intense radial converging electron beam for irradiation of cylindrical targets. As an electron emitter an explosive plasma cathode is used. The role of initial transverse velocities of electrons, defocusing effect of the controlling grid, the beam self-magnetic field, electron and ion emission from the controlling grid, backscattering of electrons and ion flow from the target is analyzed. Conditions for achieving required electron beam parameters (the electron kinetic energy - 120 keV, the beam energy density on the target 40 J/cm² on a maximum possible length of the target surface) were determined.

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WEPSB003

Design Relativistic Charged Particle Beam Transportation Channels

interface, software, simulation, database

354

G.P. Averyanov, V.A. Budkin, I.O. Osadchuk
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

This paper contains results of development new version (2016) of program for channels design high-energy beams of charged particles. The program includes application package modeling the dynamics of charged particles in the channel, operational tools to change the channel parameters, channel optimization tools and processing output beam parameters with graphic and digital presentation of its key features. The MATLAB (Scilab) was used as programming tools, allows to make the source code modular, compact and scalable. New object-oriented graphical user interface provides an interactive assembly of new or modernization of previously developed channel - selection and arrangement of its elements, as well as the installation and the variation of their parameters. The relational database, which is part of the new version of program, providing additional functionality to the designer. It is intended for storage of the current development, and to preserve the previously completed projects, as well as other useful designer related information. A multi-output of all the main parameters of the beam at the output, as well as anywhere in the channel. In this case, the developer has the ability to interactively search and setting the optimum mode of operation channel.

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WEPSB013

On Approach for Resonant Frequency Tuning in Drift Tube Structures on the Designing Stage

cavity, simulation, controls, electron

386

I. Skudnova, V.V. Altsybeyev
Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Current research considers the interdigital H-mode linear resonant accelerator with drift tubes mounted inside the cavity. The focus of the study has been on the dependence of resonant frequency on the parameters of the geometry. Since Alternating-Phase-Focusing (APF) type of accelerator is investigated, the efficiency of the operation depends on the synchronization of the charged particle velocity and accelerating field oscillations. Researchers can control it by the variation of longitudinal size of the cells of the structure (periods). On the other hand, the effective performance of the resonant system requires the equality of resonant frequencies of its cells, because it affects the uniformity of accelerating field distribution along the axis. The diversity of cells longitudinal sizes causes the deviation from the particular value of the resonant frequency. This aberration can be eliminated by the adjustment of other geometry parameters: period's length, gap ratio and drift tube diameter. We have conducted the study to analyze the relation between resonant frequency and these values. Using the this dependency we can tune the geometry parameters of each period in the structure. We first create the computer-aided design (CAD) geometry model of the accelerator cavity. Then, using Comsol Multiphysics, the platform for physics-based modeling and simulation, we conduct the calculation of resonant frequencies.

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WEPSB017

Chromatic and Nonlinear Dynamics of Antiprotons Injected to Collector Ring at FAIR

antiproton, sextupole, lattice, septum

398

D.B. Shwartz, I. Koop, P.Yu. Shatunov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
D.B. Shwartz
NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia

Collector Ring (CR) is the storage ring for capturing and stochastic cooling of secondary beams of antiprotons or secondary ions. It is a part of a FAIR project being presently at the early start of a construction phase. Due to the proposed large acceptance in both transverse and longitudinal phase spaces, the chromatic aberrations and their correction with sextupoles are very important for capture efficiency. Calculations results for beam transfer from Pbar target to the ring are presented.

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WEPSB045

The Way To Improve Conformity Of Proton Therapy

proton, scattering, radiation, ion

464

I.A. Yakovlev, S.V. Akulinichev, Y.K. Gavrilov
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
R.D. Ilich
VINCA, Belgrade, Serbia

Funding: Institute for nuclear research of RAS (INR), Moscow 117312, Russia
In the case of small tumors the pencil beam width may be comparable with the target size. In these cases the application of classic method of passive beam scattering with a one-stage formation of dose distribution may be reasonable. However, the last method in its standard implementation fails to provide the dose conformity: either the maximal dose exceeds the tumor volume on its proximate site or the dose deviates too much within the tumor. In order to overcome this shortcoming of the passive scattering method, we suggest a new construction of a two-component ridge filter (the corresponding patent is pending). We have performed a series of calculations with the Monte-Carlo code SRNA in order to find the optimal construction from the point of view of dose delivery accuracy and of the device manufacturability. With that ridge filter the 95% isodose does not notably leave the tumor volume. The usual 'wings' of isodoses on proximate side are now absent and the volume of irradiated healthy tissue is significantly reduced. The experimental tests with proton beams are now in progress.

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WEPSB048

Beam Shaping Assembly Optimization for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

neutron, proton, simulation, photon

471

T. Sycheva, S.Yu. Taskaev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
S.A. Frolov, S.I. Lezhnin
NSI RAS, Moscow, Russia

Epithermal neutron source, based on vacuum insulation tandem accelerator and lithium target, has been developed and is now in use in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. Neutrons are generated in 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction under proton energies from 2 to 2.5 MeV. A beam shaping assembly (BSA) for therapeutic neutron beam forming is used. It includes moderator, reflector, and absorber. In this work the simulation results of the depth dose rate distribution in modified Snyder head phantom for a range of neutron energies are presented and discussed. Variants of BSA optimization depending on tumor depth are proposed. The calculations were carried out by Monte-Carlo neutron and photon transport code NMC. Our research revealed that high quality neutron beam generation may be obtained with proton energy of 2.3 MeV. Discovered optimal schemes of BSA including sizes and materials are presented and discussed.

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WEPSB052

The Use of Graphene as Stripper Foils in the Siemens Eclipse Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion, experiment, ion-source

483

S. Korenev, R. Dishman, A. Martin Yebra
Siemens Medical Solutions Molecular Imaging, Knoxville, TN, USA
R.L. Fink, I. Pavlovsky
ANI, Austin, USA
N.D. Meshcheryakov, I.B. Smirnov
Siemens Healthcare, Moscow, Russia

This paper presents the results of an experimental study for the use of graphene foils as an extractor (stripper) foil in the 11-MeV Siemens Eclipse Cyclotron. The main advantage of graphene foils compared with carbon and graphite foils is its very high thermal conductivity. The graphene also has significant mechanical strength for atomically thin carbon layers. The life time of these foils is more than 18,000 mkA*H. The graphene foils showed a significant increase in the transmission factor (the ratio of the beam current on the stripper foil to the current on the target), which was approximately 90%. The technology in fabricating these graphene foils is shown. The pros and cons of using the graphene material as a stripper foil in cyclotrons are analyzed.

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WEPSB055

The Problems of Accelerator-Driver Design for ADS

neutron, proton, linac, controls

486

A.G. Golovkina, I.V. Kudinovich, D.A. Ovsyannikov
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
I.V. Kudinovich
KSRC, St. Petersburg, Russia
Y.A. Svistunov
Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Y.A. Svistunov
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia

Main problems of accelerator-driver design for ADS are considered. Accelerator-driver should meet additional requirements in comparison with accelerators for other purposes: - high neutron production rate; - higher reliability; - continuous operation for more than 5000 hours; - possibility of accelerator parameters adjustment to regulate ADS power level. Different types of accelerators were analyzed taking into account the mentioned features and the fact that the most prospective way of ADS application nowadays is transmutation. It's shown that the most preferable accelerator type is proton linac. Also it's marked that for demonstration facilities accelerators with lower requirements and correspondingly cost can be used.

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WEPSB060

Development of Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy at the LEPTA Facility

positron, electron, acceleration, cryogenics

499

A.A. Sidorin, E.V. Ahmanova, M.K. Eseev, A.G. Kobets, I.N. Meshkov, O. Orlov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
M.K. Eseev
NAFU, Arkhangelsk, Russia
V.I. Hilinov, P. Horodek, I.N. Meshkov, K. Siemek
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
P. Horodek, K. Siemek
IFJ-PAN, Kraków, Poland
A.G. Kobets
IERT, Kharkov, Ukraine

The report aims to present the status of the development of the LEPTA facility for further enhancement of the positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) method application at the LEPTA facility. The research in solid state physics performed currently is based on slow monochromatic positron flux from the injector and Doppler PAS. The new positron transfer channel being under construction at the LEPTA allows us to develop more advanced PAS method - so called 'Positron Annihilation life-time spectroscopy' (PALS). It will enrich significantly the research program at the LEPTA. PAS method is sensitive to microdefects in solids. A pair of gamma quanta, born as a result of positron-electron annihilation carries information about the density of the defects that have the size less than 10 nm and are located at the depth from the surface of the material depending on the positron energy. New monochromatic positron source construction supplied with the autonomous cooling system with emitter-source of the activity of 30 mCi (iThemba LABS production) and new positron transfer channel are presented in report.

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WEPSB061

Neutron Generators of the NG-10 Series for Metrology

neutron, ion, controls, vacuum

502

D.A. Solnyshkov, A.V. Kozlov, A.N. Kuzhlev, N.P. Mikulinas, A.V. Morozov, G.G. Voronin
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia

Neutron generators NG-10 and NG-10M with a neutron yield of 1*10¹⁰ n/s and 2*10¹¹ n/s respectively have been designed in the JSC "NIIEFA". The generators are high-voltage accelerators with target devices intended for installation and effective cooling of Ti-T/Ti-D targets of different diameters. A duoplasmotron with a beam current up to 5 mA is used in the NG-10 generator, and the NG-10M employs a microwave ion source providing the beam current up to 10 mA. The power supplies, which are under high voltage, are controlled via fiber optic communication lines. Deuterium ions produced in the ion source are accelerated up to 150 keV in a sectionalized accelerating tube, separated in mass with an electromagnetic mass-separator and focused onto a target with a doublet of electromagnetic quadrupole lenses. The generators are equipped with several lines to transport the beam to targets, which can be placed in separate rooms. In addition to a high and stable in time yield of neutrons when operating continuously, the generators provide the pulsed mode with a smooth variation of the pulse width from 2 mks up to 100 mks and pulse repetition rate from 1 Hz up to 20 kHz.

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WEPSB071

Charged Beams Optical Properties of Scattering Media

scattering, emittance, interface, optics

521

V.G. Kurakin, P.V. Kurakin
LPI, Moscow, Russia

In some accelerator based applications scattering media are placed on beam path. It may be internal beam target, dielectric film or metallic foil to separate volumes with different gas pressure during beam extraction from accelerator, roughing target in charge changing injection in circular accelerator and storage ring and so on. In particular cases detailed knowledge of beam dynamics in scattering media is necessary. This is especially true, for example, in the case of recovery energy accelerator where accelerated in superconducting linac high energy electron beam is directed again to accelerator after interaction with target. Distribution function for scattering angle and transverse displacement is used to derive the phase-plane portrait transformation in scattering medium for incoming charged particle beam. The phase-plane portrait of scattered beam depends strongly on incoming beam ellipse proportions and orientation, and simple matching conditions and expression has been derived. It is shown as well that in heterogeneous medium incident beam experiences trajectory refraction at the out coming medium border. Refraction factor has been calculated for an off-normal incidence of a beam. It is worth to note that refractive property of scattering media may for used for beam focusing.

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WEPSB077

High Speed Cryogenic Monodisperse Targets for High Intensity Cyclic and Linear Accelerators

cryogenics, vacuum, controls, experiment

532

A.V. Bukharov, E.V. Vishnevskii
MPEI, Moscow, Russia

The basic possibility of creation of high speed cryogenic monodisperse targets is shown. According to calculations at input of thin liquid cryogenic jets with a velocity of bigger 100 m/s in vacuum the jets don't manage to freeze at distance to 1 mm and can be broken into monodisperse drops. Drops due to evaporation are cooled and become granules. High speed cryogenic monodisperse targets have the following advantages: direct input in vacuum (there is no need for a chamber of a triple point chamber and sluices), it is possible to use the equipment of a cluster target, it is possible to receive targets with a diameter of D < 20 mkm from various cryogenic liquids (H2, D2, N2, Ar) with dispersion less than 1%, the high velocity of monodisperse granules(> 100m/s), exact synchronization of the target hitting moment in a beam with the moment of sensors turning on

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THPSC046

High-Power High-Temperature Graphite Beam Dump for E-Beam Irradiation Test of Prototype IF Target in RISP

electron, simulation, scattering, experiment

632

V. Gubin
Institute of Laser Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
J.Y. Kim, J.-W. Kim, Y.H. Park
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Yu. Maltseva, P.V. Martyshkin
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Nowadays project RISP is developed in IBS, Daejeon. One of the main project device is graphite target system meant for production of rare isotopes by means of the in-flight fragmentation (IF) technique. The power inside the target system deposited by the primary beam with energy of 200 MeV/u is estimated to be around 100 kW. The target represents rotating multi-slice graphite disc cooled by thermal radiation. Necessary step of target development is integrated test of target prototype under high power electron beam modelling real energy deposit into target. This test is planned to be held in BINP, Novosibirsk, with the use of ELV-6 accelerator. Heavy-ion beam will be modelled by the e^- beam of ELV-6 accelerator with diameter down to ~1 mm and energy 800 keV (minimum possible). IF target is not full stopping target for an electron beam with energy 800 keV. Considerable part of beam energy will be not absorbed by a target material and must be deposited into special beam dump. In this paper the design of beam dump of the graphite cone geometry cooled by thermal irradiation is described.

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THPSC050

Possibilities of Diffraction Radiation Non-Destructive Diagnostics for Non- and Moderately Relativistic Beams

radiation, proton, diagnostics, simulation

644

D.A. Shkitov, A. Potylitsyn
TPU, Tomsk, Russia

Funding: The work was partially supported by the RFBR grant No 15-52-50028.
In order to design and construct new modern accelerators with high brightness beams, the development new non-destructive diagnostic tools for accelerated beams is required. Diffraction radiation (DR) is generated by charged particles moving in the vicinity of the conductive target. The DR technique is used successfully for non-destructive diagnostics for ultrarelativistic beams*,**. For non-relativistic and moderately relativistic charged particles beams (g ~ a few tens or less, g is the Lorentz factor) non-destructive DR diagnostics can be applied also if a beam intensity is high enough due to coherent effect. Intensity of coherent radiation is proportional to the squared bunch population. In this report estimations of non-destructive bunch diagnostics possibility based on DR for the beam parameters of a few machines are presented. Those estimations were performed for electron machine: PITZ project*** and laser wakefield accelerator****, and moreover for ESS proton linear accelerator*****. First evaluation of whole wavelength range DR from 4-mm-slit target gave about 56 mJ from one macro-pulse of ESS accelerator. Amplification of DR spectral-angular intensity due to coherent effect will be in N = 10⁸ times than incoherent radiation from the same beam, where N is the bunch population.
* P. Karataev et al., PRL 93 (2004) 244802
** A. Cianchi et al., PRST-AB 14 (2011) 102803
*** http://pitz.desy.de
**** B.S. Rao et al., PRST-AB 17 (2014) 011301
***** https://europeanspallationsource.se

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THPSC051

The Magnetic Energy Analyzer for Electron Beam Of LUE-200 Linac of IREN Facility

electron, detector, vacuum, linac

647

A.P. Sumbaev, V.I. Shokin, N.I. Tarantin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Theses for a base substantiation, results of the calculation for the electron optical parameters and design features of the magnetic energy analyzer for the beam of the electron LUE-200 linac are presented. The static dipole magnet with homogeneous transverse field and with a combined functions (the functions of a spectrometer and of a spectrograph) established after the second accelerating section, allows to spend measurements in a wide energy range of the analyzed particles up to 224 MeV with the instrumentation resolution not worse ± 5 %.

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THPSC070

Measurement of the Proton Beam Profile via an Activation Method of Diagnostics

proton, neutron, experiment, diagnostics

698

E.O. Sokolova
Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
D.A. Kasatov, Ya.A. Kolesnikov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The study was supported by grants from the Russian Science Foundation (Project no. 14-32-00006) and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and the Novosibirsk State University.
In The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics the accelerator-based source of epithermal neutrons was invented and now operates to be used in the boron neutron capture therapy. Neutrons on the facility are generated during the threshold reaction 7Li(p, n)7Be which occurs when the proton beam is thrown on the lithium target. To control the neutron output it is necessary to monitor the parameters of the accelerated proton beam. The spatial distribution of the accelerated proton beam was measured exactly on the lithium target. Due to the interaction of protons and lithium there is an accumulation of a radioactive isotope of beryllium takes place. After experiments about neutrons generation it seems possible to track an area of beryllium storage and then restore the proton beam profile. The monitoring of gamma-quants with the energy of 0,477 MeV arising during the beryllium decay was carried out via the gamma-spectrometric complex. The main part of this complex is NaI-scintillation detector, which was pre-calibrated with energy. As a result of such kind of diagnostic the profile of the beam, its shape and characteristic size were determined and the results are depicted in this paper. Afterwards it could be used for an estimation of the total neutrons flux, its quantity, also to assess the target state and restore the proton beam profile.

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