ANU, Canberra
Electrostatic accelerator laboratories were the nurseries for the heavy ion physics research of today and the accelerators this research needed. The first conference, of what has evolved into the HIAT series, was the "International Conference on the Technology of Electrostatic Accelerators" hosted by the Daresbury Laboratory in 1973. While some of the founding labs of this series have ceased doing accelerator based physics, electrostatic accelerators still inject beams into present day heavy ion boosters. Electrostatic accelerators also continue to provide beams for nuclear and applied physics in laboratories with and without boosters. The development of electrostatic accelerators remains active and will continue in the next few years. The improvements have been spurred by injection beam requirements of boosters as well as the special transmission and stability needs of accelerator mass spectrometry. The survey of the electrostatic accelerator community presented here, has identified a broad range of improvements and uses as well as future technical directions for electrostatic accelerators.
CAS/IMP, Lanzhou
Funding: Work supported by NSFC project 10635090.
CSR is a new ion cooler-storage-ring system in IMP, Lanzhou, China, which consists of a main ring (CSRm) and an experimental ring (CSRe) with two previous cyclotrons SFC (K=69) and SSC (K=450) as the injectors. The main construction of CSR was completed in 2005. It was being commissioned in the following two years. In 2008 the main purposes of CSR was focused on the primary 78Kr beam with kinetic energy up to 500MeV/u for precise mass spectroscopy at CSRe at isochronous mode. The cancer therapy phase-II in IMP with 100- 250MeV/u carbon beam from CSRm was tested and 6 patients with tumors in the heads were treated successfully.
NIRS, Chiba-shi
Heavy-ion beams have attractive growing interest for cancer treatment owing to their high dose localization at the Bragg peak as well as high biological effect there. Recently, therefore, heavy-ion cancer treatments have been successfully carried out at various facilities and several construction projects for the facility of the heavy-ion therapy have also been progressing in the world, based on the development of accelerator technologies.
RIKEN, Wako
A highly sensitive beam current monitor with an HTS (High-Temperature Superconducting) SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) and an HTS current sensor, that is, an HTS SQUID monitor, has been developed for use of the RIBF (RI beam factory) at RIKEN. Unlike other existing facilities, the HTS SQUID monitor allows us to measure the DC of high-energy heavy-ion beams nondestructively in real time, and the beam current extracted from the cyclotron can be recorded without interrupting the beam user's experiments. Both the HTS magnetic shield and the HTS current sensor were dip-coated to form a Bi2 - Sr2 - Ca2 - Cu3 - Ox (Bi-2223) layer on 99.9 % MgO ceramic substrates. In the present work, all the fabricated HTS devices are cooled by a low-vibration pulse-tube refrigerator. These technologies enabled us to downsize the system. Prior to practical use at the RIBF, the HTS-SQUID monitor was installed in the beam transport line of the RIKEN ring cyclotron to demonstrate its performance. As a result, a 20 μA 40Ar15+ beam intensity (63 MeV/u) was successfully measured with a 500 nA resolution. Despite the performance taking place in an environment with strong gamma ray and neutron flux radiations, RF background and large stray magnetic fields, the measurements were successfully carried out in this study. This year, the HTS SQUID monitor was upgraded to have aresolution of 100 nA and was reinstalled inthe beam transport line, enabling us to measure a 4 μA 132Xe20+ (10.8 MeV/u) beam and a 1 μA 132Xe41+ (50.1 MeV/u) beam used for the accelerator operations at RIBF. Hence, we will report the results of the beam measurements an the present status of the HTS SQUID monitor.
GSI, Darmstadt
RAS/INR, Moscow
ITEP, Moscow
In spring 2008 an irradiation test of superconducting magnet components was done at GSI Darmstadt in the frame of the FAIR project. Cave HHD with the beam dump of SIS synchrotron was used for irradiation. The irradiation set-up modeled a scenario of beam loss in a FAIR accelerator: U beam with energy of 1 GeV/u was used to irradiate a thin stainless steel bar at very small angle, so that the test samples situated behind the stainless steel bar were exposed to the beam of secondary particles created in the bar. The total number of U ions dumped on the target assembly was about 2·1014. Presently, in spring 2009 some samples are still radioactive. In the paper we present the estimates of the energy deposition and secondary particle fluences in the test samples and also discuss some results of the irradiation campaign.
LBNL, Berkeley
PPPL, Princeton
LLNL, Livermore
Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The Heavy Ion Fusion Science Virtual National Laboratory (HIFS-VNL), a collaboration between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), is currently constructing a new induction linear accelerator, called Neutralized Drift Compression eXperiment NDCX-II. The accelerator design makes effective use of existing components from LLNL’s decommissioned Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA), especially induction cells and Blumlein voltage sources that have been transferred to LBNL. We have developed an aggressive acceleration “schedule” that compresses the emitted ion pulse from 500 ns to 1 ns in just 15 meters. In the nominal design concept, 30 nC of Li+ are accelerated to 3.5 MeV and allowed to drift-compress to a peak current of about 30 A. That beam will be utilized for warm dense matter experiments investigating the interaction of ion beams with matter at high temperature and pressure. Construction of the accelerator will be complete within a period of approximately two and a half years and will provide a worldwide unique opportunity for ion-driven warm dense matter experiments as well as research related to novel beam manipulations for heavy ion fusion drivers.
JINR, Dubna
Accelerated heavy ions get a charge spectrum on passing a thing target. The charge dispersion and its maximum depend on the ion type, its energy, material, and the foil thickness. Change of the ion charge leads to change of the ion magnetic rigidity. Heavy ion beam extraction from the AVF cyclotrons by stripping in the thing targets is based on loss of the radial stability of the accelerated beam after its magnetic rigidity change. Property data of carbon foils used for the heavy ion beam extraction by stripping are given. Experience of using heavy ion beam extraction from the AVF cyclotrons of FLNR (Dubna) by stripping is considered.
IPNO/IN2P3/CNRS, Orsay
GANIL, Caen
SACM/IRFU/DSM/CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
The SPIRAL2 facility at GANIL-Caen is now in its construction phase, with a project group including the participation of many French laboratories (CNRS, CEA) and international partners. The SPIRAL2 facility will be able to produce various accelerated beams at high intensities: 40 MeV Deuterons, 33 MeV Protons with intensity until 5mA and heavy ions with q/A=1/3 up to 14.5MeV/u until 1mA current. We will present the status of the beam dynamics studies recently performed for the high energy beam transport lines of the facility. Various studies were performed on beam-dump concerning beam dynamics, safety and thermo-mechanicals aspects. New experimental areas using stable beams and the cave dedicated to radioactive ion production will be presented according the scientific program.
NIRS, Chiba
Gunma University, Maebashi
In order to use an intensity-controlled raster scan method at the new treatment facility in HIMAC, we have developed a code system dedicated to the planning of radiotherapy with the scanned 12C beam. Inverse planning techniques are implemented in the software in order to obtain the uniform biological dose distribution within the planned target volume (PTV) as well as reduce the dose delivered to the organ at risks (OARs) delineated on clinical CT images. The scan trajectory is determined so that the path length will be minimized by applying a fast simulated annealing algorithm for scan trajectory optimisation. Furthermore, the extra dose inevitably delivered to the irradiated site during the beam transition time from one spot to the next spot is integrated into the inverse planning process to shorten the treatment time. The code also copes with the planning for intensity modulated ion therapy (IMIT). The reliability of the developed code has been confirmed through the irradiation experiments at the secondary beam line in HIMAC.
CIAE, Beijing
Guangxi University, Nanning
Funding: Work supported by the NSAF (National Nature Science Fundation- China Academy of Engineering Physics Fundation) No.10576040.
236U is a long-lived radioactive isotope with a half-life of 2.342(3) ×107 a, which produced principally by thermal neutron capture on 235U. 236U is potentially applied in geological research and nuclear safeguards. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is presently the most sensitive technique for the measurement of 236U. A method for AMS measurement of long-lived heavy ion 236U was developed at CIAE with the set up the AMS dedicated injector and the newly proposed 208Pb16O2- molecular ions for the simulation of 236U ion transport. A sensitivity of lower than 10-10 has been achieved for isotopic ratio 236U/238U in present work.