ECRIS2012 - List of Keywords (emittance)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
TUZO02	Detailed Investigation of the 4D Phase-Space of an Ion Beam	ion, ion-source, dipole, cyclotron	30
	H.R. Kremers, J.P.M. Beijers, S. Brandenburg, V. Mironov, S. Saminathan KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
	A second order transfer matrix is calculated, which is used in the calculation of a 4D phase-space distribution of a 24.6 keV He¹⁺ beam. The calculated distribution matches a 4D phase-space distribution measured with the KVI pepper pot emittance meter. The pepper pot emittance meter is installed in the image plane of a dipole magnet acting as a charge-state analyser directly downstream the KVI AECR ion source. From the second order transfer matrix simple analytical equations are derived by retaining the terms for angular coefficients. These simple equations describe the main features of the phase-space correlations in the image plane. The equations show also that the subset of the 4D phase-space distribution, selected by one pepper pot aperture, results in multiple beam-lets. Due to this successful matrix modelling we conclude that the 4D phase-space distribution measured is fully determined by the ionoptical properties of the magnet.
	Slides TUZO02 [6.348 MB]

TUPP03	Integration of a Third Ion Source for Heavy Ion Radiotherapy at HIT	ion, ion-source, operation, extraction	46
	T.W. Winkelmann, A.B. Büchel, R. Cee, A. Gaffron, Th. Haberer, J.M. Mosthaf, B. Naas, A. Peters, J. Schreiner HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
	HIT is the first European hospital based facility for scanned proton and heavy ion radiotherapy. In 2009 the clinical operation started, since then more than 800 patients were treated in the facility. In a 24/7 operation scheme two 14.5 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion sources are routinely used to produce protons and carbon ions. In the near future a helium beam for regular patient treatment is requested. The modification of the low energy beam transport line (LEBT) for the integration of a third ion source into the production facility was done in winter 2011. For beam quality improvement with a smaller emittance at the same current we designed and tested a new extraction system at the testbench and equipped the source for protons and helium with this optimized system. This paper will present results of the LEBT modification and gives an outlook to further enhancements at the HIT ion source testbench.

WEXO04	Proton Beams Formation from Dense Plasma of ECR Discharge sustained by 37.5 GHz Gyrotron Radiation	extraction, ion, plasma, proton	85
	V. Skalyga, I. Izotov, S. Razin, V. Sidorov, V. Zorin IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
	Funding: Work was performed in frame of realization of federal targeted program "Scientific and pedagogical labor force for an innovative Russia" for 2009-2013 yy. Operation of modern high power accelerators often requires production of intense beams of hydrogen ions. Newer facilities aiming at outperforming the previous generation accelerators are usually designed for higher beam currents. Meeting the demand for hydrogen ion beams with higher intensity and low transverse emittance is, therefore, becoming increasingly difficult problem. Present work is devoted to experimental investigation of proton beams production from dense plasma (Ne>10¹³ cm^-3) of ECR discharge sustained by 37.5 GHz, 100 kW gyrotron radiation at SMIS 37 facility at IAP RAS. Different extraction system configurations were used. It was demonstrated that ultra bright proton beam with 4.5 mA current and 0.1 π·mm·mrad normalized emittance (brightness=45 A/(π·mm·mrad)²) can be formed with 1-hole (1 mm in diameter) extraction. For production of high current beams a 13-hole extractor was used. 200 mA and 1.1 π·mm·mrad normalized emittance proton beam was obtained. A possibility of further beam parameters enhancement by developing of extraction system and its power supply is discussed. It was shown that in generated proton beams H²⁺ component was less than 6%.
	Slides WEXO04 [2.512 MB]

WEXO05	Effect of Source Tuning Parameters on the Plasma Potential of Heavy Ions and its Influence on the Longitudinal Optics of the High Current Injector	plasma, ion, rfq, electron	90
	G.O. Rodrigues, D. Kanjilal, P.S. Lakshmy, A. Mandal, Y. Mathur, A. Roy IUAC, New Delhi, India R. Baskaran IGCAR, Channai, India
	Plasma potentials for various heavy ions have been measured using the retarding field technique in the 18 GHz High Temperature Superconducting ECR ion source, PKDELIS. The influence of various source parameters viz., RF power, gas pressure, magnetic field, negative DC bias and gas mixing on the plasma potential is studied. It is observed that the plasma potentials are decreasing for increasing charge states and a mass effect is clearly observed for the ions with similar operating gas pressures. In the case of gas mixing, it is observed that the plasma potential minimises at an optimum value of the gas pressure of the mixing gas and the mean charge state maximises at this value. The energy spread arising from the plasma potential influences the longitudinal optics of the high current injector in terms of increased phase spread which deteriorates the transmission through the RFQ. Details of the measurements carried out as a function of various source parameters and its impact on the longitudinal optics are presented.
	Slides WEXO05 [11.394 MB]

WEPP08	Emittance Measurements for U Ion Beams Produced from RIKEN 28 GHz SC-ECRIS	ion, ECRIS, brightness, heavy-ion	130
	K. Ozeki, Y. Higurashi, T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	In order to investigate the ion optical parameters of the beam line of RIKEN 28 GHz SC-ECR ion source into the new heavy ion linac (RILAC II), we measured the emittance of the heavy ion beams form RIKEN 28 GHz SC-ECR ion source. In the test experiments, we observed that the emittance of the U³⁵⁺ beam was ~100 π·mm·mrad (4 rms emittance), which is smaller than the acceptance of the accelerator (~160 π·mm·mrad). The emittance with 28 GHz was almost same as that with 18 GHz and independent on the injected RF power (1~2 kW). The size of emittance increased with decreasing the charge state. We also measured the emittance of U and oxygen ions under the same condition. In this experiment we observed that the emittance of oxygen ions was always larger than the U ion beam for same M/q. In this contribution, we report the experimental results for emittance measurement of highly charged U, Xe and O ions from RIKEN 28 GHz SC-ECR ion source in detail.

WEPP14	An Advanced Injection System of Light Ions (AISLI) for Dielectric Wall Accelerator	ion, ion-source, proton, ECR	136
	S.X. Peng, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, P.N. Lu, H.T. Ren, Y. Xu, J. Zhao PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The dielectric wall accelerator (DWA) is a kind of acceleration system that has the ability to accelerate any charge to mass ratio particle with high electric field gradients up to 400 MV/m and very compact dimension, for example d 30 mm x 50 mm. To demonstrate the high gradient tiny acceleration system, a comparable 50 mA/40 keV pulsed H⁺ converge beam injector is required. Based on the experimental results obtained on the test bench, a six electrodes injector was developed at Peking University (PKU). In this paper we will describe the preliminary experimental results as well as the details of the new compact injector which named as An Advanced Injector System of Light Ions (AISLI).
	Poster WEPP14 [3.963 MB]

THYO02	LPSC PHOENIX ECR Charge Breeder Beam Optics and Efficiencies	extraction, ion, injection, plasma	167
	J. Angot, T. Lamy, M. Marie-Jeanne, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
	The PHOENIX ECR charge breeder characteristics (efficiency and charge breeding time) were measured at CERN-ISOLDE and LPSC, they were considered as sufficient to allow its setup on various facilities (TRIUMF-Canada/GANIL-SPIRAL2-France/SPIRAL1). The developments performed at the Argonne National Laboratory (USA) have shown that the ECR charge breeder efficiencies could be much higher than the ones obtained with PHOENIX, without major differences between the two devices. We have tried to study the possible reasons of such different results in order to improve the PHOENIX charge breeder characteristics. The transmission value of the n+ beam line has been measured to be as low as 30%. Emittances of the total beam extracted from the source and of some analyzed beams (after the magnetic spectrometer) have been measured and will be presented. Simulations have shown a too low vertical acceptance at the center of the dipole. Simulations and experimental results will be presented to show how an additional Einzel lens inserted just before the dipole have drastically improve the beam transmission. The impact of this new beam transport on efficiency results will be presented.
	Slides THYO02 [4.337 MB]

FRXA01	High Intensity Beam Production at CEA/Saclay for the IFMIF Project	rfq, plasma, extraction, solenoid	182
	R. Gobin, G. Adroit, D. Bogard, N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière, Y. Gauthier, P. Girardot, F. Harrault, J.L. Jannin, D. Loiseau, P. Mattei, A. Roger, F. Senée, O. Tuske CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
	At CEA/Saclay, IRFU institute is in charge of the design, construction and characterization of the 140 mA continuous deuteron Injector for the IFMIF project. This injector includes the source and the low energy beam line (LEBT) with its own diagnostics. The Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source operates at 2.45 GHz and the 2 m long LEBT is based on 2 solenoids. Krypton gas injection in the beam line is foreseen in order to reach a high level of space charge compensation for the beam matching at the RFQ entrance. During the last months hydrogen beam has been produced in pulsed and continuous mode and the beam diagnostics have been installed and commissioned. Recently a 125 mA-100 keV pulsed deuteron beam has been produced with a 1% duty cycle. In this article, the high intensity proton and deuteron beam characterization will be presented.
	Slides FRXA01 [9.797 MB]

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

TUZO02

Detailed Investigation of the 4D Phase-Space of an Ion Beam

ion, ion-source, dipole, cyclotron

30

H.R. Kremers, J.P.M. Beijers, S. Brandenburg, V. Mironov, S. Saminathan
KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands

A second order transfer matrix is calculated, which is used in the calculation of a 4D phase-space distribution of a 24.6 keV He¹⁺ beam. The calculated distribution matches a 4D phase-space distribution measured with the KVI pepper pot emittance meter. The pepper pot emittance meter is installed in the image plane of a dipole magnet acting as a charge-state analyser directly downstream the KVI AECR ion source. From the second order transfer matrix simple analytical equations are derived by retaining the terms for angular coefficients. These simple equations describe the main features of the phase-space correlations in the image plane. The equations show also that the subset of the 4D phase-space distribution, selected by one pepper pot aperture, results in multiple beam-lets. Due to this successful matrix modelling we conclude that the 4D phase-space distribution measured is fully determined by the ionoptical properties of the magnet.

Slides TUZO02 [6.348 MB]

TUPP03

Integration of a Third Ion Source for Heavy Ion Radiotherapy at HIT

ion, ion-source, operation, extraction

46

T.W. Winkelmann, A.B. Büchel, R. Cee, A. Gaffron, Th. Haberer, J.M. Mosthaf, B. Naas, A. Peters, J. Schreiner
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

HIT is the first European hospital based facility for scanned proton and heavy ion radiotherapy. In 2009 the clinical operation started, since then more than 800 patients were treated in the facility. In a 24/7 operation scheme two 14.5 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion sources are routinely used to produce protons and carbon ions. In the near future a helium beam for regular patient treatment is requested. The modification of the low energy beam transport line (LEBT) for the integration of a third ion source into the production facility was done in winter 2011. For beam quality improvement with a smaller emittance at the same current we designed and tested a new extraction system at the testbench and equipped the source for protons and helium with this optimized system. This paper will present results of the LEBT modification and gives an outlook to further enhancements at the HIT ion source testbench.

WEXO04

Proton Beams Formation from Dense Plasma of ECR Discharge sustained by 37.5 GHz Gyrotron Radiation

extraction, ion, plasma, proton

85

V. Skalyga, I. Izotov, S. Razin, V. Sidorov, V. Zorin
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland

Funding: Work was performed in frame of realization of federal targeted program "Scientific and pedagogical labor force for an innovative Russia" for 2009-2013 yy.
Operation of modern high power accelerators often requires production of intense beams of hydrogen ions. Newer facilities aiming at outperforming the previous generation accelerators are usually designed for higher beam currents. Meeting the demand for hydrogen ion beams with higher intensity and low transverse emittance is, therefore, becoming increasingly difficult problem. Present work is devoted to experimental investigation of proton beams production from dense plasma (Ne>10¹³ cm^-3) of ECR discharge sustained by 37.5 GHz, 100 kW gyrotron radiation at SMIS 37 facility at IAP RAS. Different extraction system configurations were used. It was demonstrated that ultra bright proton beam with 4.5 mA current and 0.1 π·mm·mrad normalized emittance (brightness=45 A/(π·mm·mrad)²) can be formed with 1-hole (1 mm in diameter) extraction. For production of high current beams a 13-hole extractor was used. 200 mA and 1.1 π·mm·mrad normalized emittance proton beam was obtained. A possibility of further beam parameters enhancement by developing of extraction system and its power supply is discussed. It was shown that in generated proton beams H²⁺ component was less than 6%.

Slides WEXO04 [2.512 MB]

WEXO05

Effect of Source Tuning Parameters on the Plasma Potential of Heavy Ions and its Influence on the Longitudinal Optics of the High Current Injector

plasma, ion, rfq, electron

90

G.O. Rodrigues, D. Kanjilal, P.S. Lakshmy, A. Mandal, Y. Mathur, A. Roy
IUAC, New Delhi, India
R. Baskaran
IGCAR, Channai, India

Plasma potentials for various heavy ions have been measured using the retarding field technique in the 18 GHz High Temperature Superconducting ECR ion source, PKDELIS. The influence of various source parameters viz., RF power, gas pressure, magnetic field, negative DC bias and gas mixing on the plasma potential is studied. It is observed that the plasma potentials are decreasing for increasing charge states and a mass effect is clearly observed for the ions with similar operating gas pressures. In the case of gas mixing, it is observed that the plasma potential minimises at an optimum value of the gas pressure of the mixing gas and the mean charge state maximises at this value. The energy spread arising from the plasma potential influences the longitudinal optics of the high current injector in terms of increased phase spread which deteriorates the transmission through the RFQ. Details of the measurements carried out as a function of various source parameters and its impact on the longitudinal optics are presented.

Slides WEXO05 [11.394 MB]

WEPP08

Emittance Measurements for U Ion Beams Produced from RIKEN 28 GHz SC-ECRIS

ion, ECRIS, brightness, heavy-ion

130

K. Ozeki, Y. Higurashi, T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

In order to investigate the ion optical parameters of the beam line of RIKEN 28 GHz SC-ECR ion source into the new heavy ion linac (RILAC II), we measured the emittance of the heavy ion beams form RIKEN 28 GHz SC-ECR ion source. In the test experiments, we observed that the emittance of the U³⁵⁺ beam was ~100 π·mm·mrad (4 rms emittance), which is smaller than the acceptance of the accelerator (~160 π·mm·mrad). The emittance with 28 GHz was almost same as that with 18 GHz and independent on the injected RF power (1~2 kW). The size of emittance increased with decreasing the charge state. We also measured the emittance of U and oxygen ions under the same condition. In this experiment we observed that the emittance of oxygen ions was always larger than the U ion beam for same M/q. In this contribution, we report the experimental results for emittance measurement of highly charged U, Xe and O ions from RIKEN 28 GHz SC-ECR ion source in detail.

WEPP14

An Advanced Injection System of Light Ions (AISLI) for Dielectric Wall Accelerator

ion, ion-source, proton, ECR

136

S.X. Peng, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, P.N. Lu, H.T. Ren, Y. Xu, J. Zhao
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The dielectric wall accelerator (DWA) is a kind of acceleration system that has the ability to accelerate any charge to mass ratio particle with high electric field gradients up to 400 MV/m and very compact dimension, for example d 30 mm x 50 mm. To demonstrate the high gradient tiny acceleration system, a comparable 50 mA/40 keV pulsed H⁺ converge beam injector is required. Based on the experimental results obtained on the test bench, a six electrodes injector was developed at Peking University (PKU). In this paper we will describe the preliminary experimental results as well as the details of the new compact injector which named as An Advanced Injector System of Light Ions (AISLI).

Poster WEPP14 [3.963 MB]

THYO02

LPSC PHOENIX ECR Charge Breeder Beam Optics and Efficiencies

extraction, ion, injection, plasma

167

J. Angot, T. Lamy, M. Marie-Jeanne, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France

The PHOENIX ECR charge breeder characteristics (efficiency and charge breeding time) were measured at CERN-ISOLDE and LPSC, they were considered as sufficient to allow its setup on various facilities (TRIUMF-Canada/GANIL-SPIRAL2-France/SPIRAL1). The developments performed at the Argonne National Laboratory (USA) have shown that the ECR charge breeder efficiencies could be much higher than the ones obtained with PHOENIX, without major differences between the two devices. We have tried to study the possible reasons of such different results in order to improve the PHOENIX charge breeder characteristics. The transmission value of the n+ beam line has been measured to be as low as 30%. Emittances of the total beam extracted from the source and of some analyzed beams (after the magnetic spectrometer) have been measured and will be presented. Simulations have shown a too low vertical acceptance at the center of the dipole. Simulations and experimental results will be presented to show how an additional Einzel lens inserted just before the dipole have drastically improve the beam transmission. The impact of this new beam transport on efficiency results will be presented.

Slides THYO02 [4.337 MB]

FRXA01

High Intensity Beam Production at CEA/Saclay for the IFMIF Project

rfq, plasma, extraction, solenoid

182

R. Gobin, G. Adroit, D. Bogard, N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière, Y. Gauthier, P. Girardot, F. Harrault, J.L. Jannin, D. Loiseau, P. Mattei, A. Roger, F. Senée, O. Tuske
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

At CEA/Saclay, IRFU institute is in charge of the design, construction and characterization of the 140 mA continuous deuteron Injector for the IFMIF project. This injector includes the source and the low energy beam line (LEBT) with its own diagnostics. The Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source operates at 2.45 GHz and the 2 m long LEBT is based on 2 solenoids. Krypton gas injection in the beam line is foreseen in order to reach a high level of space charge compensation for the beam matching at the RFQ entrance. During the last months hydrogen beam has been produced in pulsed and continuous mode and the beam diagnostics have been installed and commissioned. Recently a 125 mA-100 keV pulsed deuteron beam has been produced with a 1% duty cycle. In this article, the high intensity proton and deuteron beam characterization will be presented.

Slides FRXA01 [9.797 MB]