ECRIS2012 - List of Keywords (injection)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
TUPP05	Charge-breeding at the Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute	ion, ECRIS, plasma, cyclotron	51
	D.P. May Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA J.E. Ärje JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland G. Tabacaru Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, College Station, USA
	The Cyclotron Institute of Texas A&M University is currently involved in an upgrade that is intended to produce beams of radioactive ions suitable for injection into the K500 superconducting cyclotron. As an integral part of this upgrade an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (CB-ECRIS) has been specially constructed by Scientific Solutions of San Diego, California for charge-breeding. This CB-ECRIS operates at 14.5 GHz and incorporates a hexapole of the Halbach style. Since radial injection of microwave power is ruled out, this presents special problems for the axial injection of low-charge-state ions for charge-breeding. Efforts at charge-breeding with stable ions will be presented as well as plans for the injection of low-charge-state, radioactive ions from cyclotron-driven ion guides, one for light radioactive ions and one for heavy radioactive ions.

TUPP08	Design Report of the AISHA Ion Source for Hadron Therapy Facilities	plasma, ECR, ion, hadrontherapy	54
	G. Ciavola, L. Andò, L. Celona, S. Gammino, D. Mascali INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy G. Ciavola CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy D. Mascali CSFNSM, Catania, Italy
	Different facilities for hadrontherapy have been built or designed in the recent past and Italy is present in the field either with synchrotron-based and with cyclotron-based facilities. For both types of accelerators the availability of high brightness multiply charged ion beams is essential and R&D efforts in this subject are increasing. In particular at the CNAO, proton and carbon ion beams will be accelerated up to 400 AMeV by a synchrotron and the beam injection is guaranteed by two identical ECR sources of the SUPERNANOGAN family modified according to the specifications we set. Optimisation of beam emittance and intensity is of primary importance to obtain the necessary current in the RFQ-LINAC and future facilities may require much better performances in terms of beam brightness than the ones provided by such commercial ECRIS. A hadron therapy center is going to be built in Catania and the R&D related to the injector has already started within the frame of a collaboration between the Regional Authority and INFN. The results of the research carried out at INFN-LNS will be presented along with the design of a relatively compact ECR ion source operating at 18 GHz, named AISHA.

TUPP14	Beam Experiments with the Grenoble Test Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source at iThemba LABS	operation, ion, experiment, cyclotron	68
	R.W. Thomae, J.L. Conradie, D.T. Fourie iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa D. Küchler CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	At iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences a copy of the so-called Grenoble Test Source (GTS) for the production of highly charged ions is installed. The source in combination with the K-200 cyclotron delivers high energy, high intensity beams for nuclear physics experiments. In this paper we present beam experiments with the GTS at iThemba LABS, in which the results of CW, pulsed and afterglow operation for different bias disc voltages and positions are compared.
	Poster TUPP14 [0.336 MB]

TUPP18	DECRIS-5 Ion Source for DC-110 Cyclotron Complex Results of the First Tests	ion, ion-source, extraction, ECRIS	74
	A.A. Efremov, V. Bekhterev, S.L. Bogomolov, Yu.K. Kostyukhov, N. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, Yu. Yazvitsky JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia V. Mironov KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
	The project of the DC-110 cyclotron facility to provide applied research in the nanotechnologies (track pore membranes, surface modification of materials, etc.) has been designed by the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna). The facility includes the isochronous cyclotron DC-110 for accelerating the intense Ar, Kr, Xe ion beams with 2.5 MeV/nucleon fixed energy. The cyclotron is equipped with system of axial injection and ECR ion source DECRIS-5, operating at the frequency of 18 GHz. The main parameters of DECRIS-5 ion source and results of the first tests are presented in this report.

WEYO01	The Einzel Lens Longitudinal Chopper	ion, acceleration, simulation, induction	95
	K. Takayama, T. Adachi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan T. Adachi, K.W. Leo Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
	The Einzel lens longitudinal chopper [1] placed just after the ECRIS has been developed for the KEK digital accelerator [2] and is being operated without trouble over more than 1 year. Propagation of a msec-long ion pulse extracted with the ECRIS extraction voltage V1, is fully controlled by superimposing a rectangular-shape pulse voltage V2 (<0) on the fixed Einzel lens voltage V3 (V3 > V1). For most of time region (~msec), beam propagation is blocked, meanwhile for a time region (~5 μs), where V2 is on and V2 + V3 < V1, the beam can propagate downstream under the optimized transverse matching condition. Namely, the superimposed voltage V2 + V3 works as a gate voltage. This negative pulse voltage is produced by the solid-state switch driven Marx Generator, promising a fast rising/falling feature in the pulse profile. This chopper enjoys a lot of figure of merits originated from the fact that the beam can be handled at its minimum energy region: low electron emission, low voltage, low energy X-ray, and low cost. This type chopper should be expected in a wide variety of ion beam applications. Comparison with other type choppers will be discussed. [1] T. Adachi, K.W. Leo et al., "A Solid-state Marx Generator driven Einzel Lens Chopper", Rev. Sci. Inst. 82, 083305 (2011). [2] T.Iwashita et al., "KEK Digital Accelerator", Phys. Rev. ST-AB 14, 071301 (2011).
	Slides WEYO01 [5.566 MB]

WEZO01	Status of the SEISM Experiment	plasma, extraction, resonance, ECR	111
	M. Marie-Jeanne, J. Angot, P. Balint, C. Fourel, J. Giraud, J. Jacob, T. Lamy, L. Latrasse, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France C. Daversin, F. Debray, C. Trophime, S. Veys GHMFL, Grenoble, France I. Izotov, V. Skalyga, V. Zorin IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
	Funding: This work has been supported by the EuroMagNET II under the EU contract number 228043 and by the European Commission Framework Programme 7 Design Study: EUROnu, Project Number 212372. LPSC and LNCMI (Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses) of Grenoble have developed the first and unique magnetic confinement structure in the world that allows a closed 60 GHz ECR zone, using high field magnet technologies. The magnetic structure has been validated for 28 GHz resonance and a closed 1 T iso-B surface was measured. Calculated and measured field maps were carefully compared in order to determine an operation range for 28 GHz plasma tests. A whole test bench, including high pressure water for helix cooling, intense currents (up to 15 kA) for helix powering and a beam line with mass separation is under construction at LNCMI. This contribution presents the status of the experiment, hopefully including the results of the first beam tests scheduled in September. The 350 kW - 60 GHz gyrotron has been built at IAP, the status of its operation will be shown.
	Slides WEZO01 [11.245 MB]

THXO01	Optimization of the New SC Magnetic Structure Design with a Hybrid Magnet	solenoid, ECRIS, plasma, sextupole	149
	D. Xie, W. Lu, L.Z. Ma, L.T. Sun, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, L. Zhu IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	In the development of the next generation ECRISs, so far either a set of full NbTi or full Nb₃Sn magnets has been proposed to construct the magnet system. However, the single set of magnets may not be the optimum in terms of the field strength and configuration. An optimization of the new SC magnetic structure with a set of hybrid magnets (NbTi and Nb₃Sn) is being investigated. With the hybrid magnet the optimized new magnetic system is capable of producing field maxima of 9.0 T on axis and 4.0 T at the plasma wall, which are 30 and 10% higher than the previously proposed magnetic structure to be built with a set of full NbTi magnets. In addition, the axial length of the optimized magnetic structure has been slightly shrunk resulting in a more compact system. This new magnetic field profile is high enough for operation frequency up to 56 GHz. The design features and the preliminary force/stress analyses of the optimized new SC magnetic structure will be presented and discussed.
	Slides THXO01 [2.603 MB]

THYO02	LPSC PHOENIX ECR Charge Breeder Beam Optics and Efficiencies	extraction, ion, plasma, emittance	167
	J. Angot, T. Lamy, M. Marie-Jeanne, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
	The PHOENIX ECR charge breeder characteristics (efficiency and charge breeding time) were measured at CERN-ISOLDE and LPSC, they were considered as sufficient to allow its setup on various facilities (TRIUMF-Canada/GANIL-SPIRAL2-France/SPIRAL1). The developments performed at the Argonne National Laboratory (USA) have shown that the ECR charge breeder efficiencies could be much higher than the ones obtained with PHOENIX, without major differences between the two devices. We have tried to study the possible reasons of such different results in order to improve the PHOENIX charge breeder characteristics. The transmission value of the n+ beam line has been measured to be as low as 30%. Emittances of the total beam extracted from the source and of some analyzed beams (after the magnetic spectrometer) have been measured and will be presented. Simulations have shown a too low vertical acceptance at the center of the dipole. Simulations and experimental results will be presented to show how an additional Einzel lens inserted just before the dipole have drastically improve the beam transmission. The impact of this new beam transport on efficiency results will be presented.
	Slides THYO02 [4.337 MB]

THYO04	Performance of the ANL ECR Charge Breeder with Low Mass Beams	ion, plasma, ECR, ion-source	177
	R.C. Vondrasek, S.V. Kutsaev, R.C. Pardo, R.H. Scott ANL, Argonne, USA P. Delahaye, L. Maunoury GANIL, Caen, France
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Californium Rare Ion Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) of the ATLAS superconducting linac facility aims at providing low-energy and reaccelerated neutron-rich radioactive beams to address key nuclear physics and astrophysics questions. These beams are obtained from fission fragments of a Cf-252 source, thermalized and collected into a low-energy particle beam by a helium gas catcher, mass analyzed by an isobar separator, and charge bred with an ECR ion source for acceleration in ATLAS. The charge breeding program had focused on optimizing beams in the mid-mass range, achieving high charge breeding efficiencies of both gaseous and solid species including 14.7% for the radioactive species ¹⁴³Ba²⁷⁺. In an effort to better understand the charge breeding mechanism, we recently focused on the low-mass species sodium and potassium which up to present have been difficult to charge breed efficiently. Charge breeding efficiencies of 10.1% for ²³Na⁷⁺ and 17.9% for ³⁹K¹⁰⁺ were obtained injecting stable Na⁺ and K⁺ beams from a surface ionization source. Details of these studies will be presented as well as simulations detailing the injection of the low charge state beams into the charge breeder.
	Slides THYO04 [9.178 MB]

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

TUPP05

Charge-breeding at the Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute

ion, ECRIS, plasma, cyclotron

51

D.P. May
Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA
J.E. Ärje
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
G. Tabacaru
Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, College Station, USA

The Cyclotron Institute of Texas A&M University is currently involved in an upgrade that is intended to produce beams of radioactive ions suitable for injection into the K500 superconducting cyclotron. As an integral part of this upgrade an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (CB-ECRIS) has been specially constructed by Scientific Solutions of San Diego, California for charge-breeding. This CB-ECRIS operates at 14.5 GHz and incorporates a hexapole of the Halbach style. Since radial injection of microwave power is ruled out, this presents special problems for the axial injection of low-charge-state ions for charge-breeding. Efforts at charge-breeding with stable ions will be presented as well as plans for the injection of low-charge-state, radioactive ions from cyclotron-driven ion guides, one for light radioactive ions and one for heavy radioactive ions.

TUPP08

Design Report of the AISHA Ion Source for Hadron Therapy Facilities

plasma, ECR, ion, hadrontherapy

54

G. Ciavola, L. Andò, L. Celona, S. Gammino, D. Mascali
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
G. Ciavola
CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy
D. Mascali
CSFNSM, Catania, Italy

Different facilities for hadrontherapy have been built or designed in the recent past and Italy is present in the field either with synchrotron-based and with cyclotron-based facilities. For both types of accelerators the availability of high brightness multiply charged ion beams is essential and R&D efforts in this subject are increasing. In particular at the CNAO, proton and carbon ion beams will be accelerated up to 400 AMeV by a synchrotron and the beam injection is guaranteed by two identical ECR sources of the SUPERNANOGAN family modified according to the specifications we set. Optimisation of beam emittance and intensity is of primary importance to obtain the necessary current in the RFQ-LINAC and future facilities may require much better performances in terms of beam brightness than the ones provided by such commercial ECRIS. A hadron therapy center is going to be built in Catania and the R&D related to the injector has already started within the frame of a collaboration between the Regional Authority and INFN. The results of the research carried out at INFN-LNS will be presented along with the design of a relatively compact ECR ion source operating at 18 GHz, named AISHA.

TUPP14

Beam Experiments with the Grenoble Test Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source at iThemba LABS

operation, ion, experiment, cyclotron

68

R.W. Thomae, J.L. Conradie, D.T. Fourie
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
D. Küchler
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

At iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences a copy of the so-called Grenoble Test Source (GTS) for the production of highly charged ions is installed. The source in combination with the K-200 cyclotron delivers high energy, high intensity beams for nuclear physics experiments. In this paper we present beam experiments with the GTS at iThemba LABS, in which the results of CW, pulsed and afterglow operation for different bias disc voltages and positions are compared.

Poster TUPP14 [0.336 MB]

TUPP18

DECRIS-5 Ion Source for DC-110 Cyclotron Complex Results of the First Tests

ion, ion-source, extraction, ECRIS

74

A.A. Efremov, V. Bekhterev, S.L. Bogomolov, Yu.K. Kostyukhov, N. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, Yu. Yazvitsky
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
V. Mironov
KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands

The project of the DC-110 cyclotron facility to provide applied research in the nanotechnologies (track pore membranes, surface modification of materials, etc.) has been designed by the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna). The facility includes the isochronous cyclotron DC-110 for accelerating the intense Ar, Kr, Xe ion beams with 2.5 MeV/nucleon fixed energy. The cyclotron is equipped with system of axial injection and ECR ion source DECRIS-5, operating at the frequency of 18 GHz. The main parameters of DECRIS-5 ion source and results of the first tests are presented in this report.

WEYO01

The Einzel Lens Longitudinal Chopper

ion, acceleration, simulation, induction

95

K. Takayama, T. Adachi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Adachi, K.W. Leo
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan

The Einzel lens longitudinal chopper [1] placed just after the ECRIS has been developed for the KEK digital accelerator [2] and is being operated without trouble over more than 1 year. Propagation of a msec-long ion pulse extracted with the ECRIS extraction voltage V1, is fully controlled by superimposing a rectangular-shape pulse voltage V2 (<0) on the fixed Einzel lens voltage V3 (V3 > V1). For most of time region (~msec), beam propagation is blocked, meanwhile for a time region (~5 μs), where V2 is on and V2 + V3 < V1, the beam can propagate downstream under the optimized transverse matching condition. Namely, the superimposed voltage V2 + V3 works as a gate voltage. This negative pulse voltage is produced by the solid-state switch driven Marx Generator, promising a fast rising/falling feature in the pulse profile. This chopper enjoys a lot of figure of merits originated from the fact that the beam can be handled at its minimum energy region:

low electron emission,
low voltage,
low energy X-ray, and
low cost.

This type chopper should be expected in a wide variety of ion beam applications. Comparison with other type choppers will be discussed.
[1] T. Adachi, K.W. Leo et al., "A Solid-state Marx Generator driven Einzel Lens Chopper", Rev. Sci. Inst. 82, 083305 (2011).
[2] T.Iwashita et al., "KEK Digital Accelerator", Phys. Rev. ST-AB 14, 071301 (2011).

Slides WEYO01 [5.566 MB]

WEZO01

Status of the SEISM Experiment

plasma, extraction, resonance, ECR

111

M. Marie-Jeanne, J. Angot, P. Balint, C. Fourel, J. Giraud, J. Jacob, T. Lamy, L. Latrasse, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
C. Daversin, F. Debray, C. Trophime, S. Veys
GHMFL, Grenoble, France
I. Izotov, V. Skalyga, V. Zorin
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Funding: This work has been supported by the EuroMagNET II under the EU contract number 228043 and by the European Commission Framework Programme 7 Design Study: EUROnu, Project Number 212372.
LPSC and LNCMI (Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses) of Grenoble have developed the first and unique magnetic confinement structure in the world that allows a closed 60 GHz ECR zone, using high field magnet technologies. The magnetic structure has been validated for 28 GHz resonance and a closed 1 T iso-B surface was measured. Calculated and measured field maps were carefully compared in order to determine an operation range for 28 GHz plasma tests. A whole test bench, including high pressure water for helix cooling, intense currents (up to 15 kA) for helix powering and a beam line with mass separation is under construction at LNCMI. This contribution presents the status of the experiment, hopefully including the results of the first beam tests scheduled in September. The 350 kW - 60 GHz gyrotron has been built at IAP, the status of its operation will be shown.

Slides WEZO01 [11.245 MB]

THXO01

Optimization of the New SC Magnetic Structure Design with a Hybrid Magnet

solenoid, ECRIS, plasma, sextupole

149

D. Xie, W. Lu, L.Z. Ma, L.T. Sun, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, L. Zhu
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

In the development of the next generation ECRISs, so far either a set of full NbTi or full Nb₃Sn magnets has been proposed to construct the magnet system. However, the single set of magnets may not be the optimum in terms of the field strength and configuration. An optimization of the new SC magnetic structure with a set of hybrid magnets (NbTi and Nb₃Sn) is being investigated. With the hybrid magnet the optimized new magnetic system is capable of producing field maxima of 9.0 T on axis and 4.0 T at the plasma wall, which are 30 and 10% higher than the previously proposed magnetic structure to be built with a set of full NbTi magnets. In addition, the axial length of the optimized magnetic structure has been slightly shrunk resulting in a more compact system. This new magnetic field profile is high enough for operation frequency up to 56 GHz. The design features and the preliminary force/stress analyses of the optimized new SC magnetic structure will be presented and discussed.

Slides THXO01 [2.603 MB]

THYO02

LPSC PHOENIX ECR Charge Breeder Beam Optics and Efficiencies

extraction, ion, plasma, emittance

167

J. Angot, T. Lamy, M. Marie-Jeanne, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France

The PHOENIX ECR charge breeder characteristics (efficiency and charge breeding time) were measured at CERN-ISOLDE and LPSC, they were considered as sufficient to allow its setup on various facilities (TRIUMF-Canada/GANIL-SPIRAL2-France/SPIRAL1). The developments performed at the Argonne National Laboratory (USA) have shown that the ECR charge breeder efficiencies could be much higher than the ones obtained with PHOENIX, without major differences between the two devices. We have tried to study the possible reasons of such different results in order to improve the PHOENIX charge breeder characteristics. The transmission value of the n+ beam line has been measured to be as low as 30%. Emittances of the total beam extracted from the source and of some analyzed beams (after the magnetic spectrometer) have been measured and will be presented. Simulations have shown a too low vertical acceptance at the center of the dipole. Simulations and experimental results will be presented to show how an additional Einzel lens inserted just before the dipole have drastically improve the beam transmission. The impact of this new beam transport on efficiency results will be presented.

Slides THYO02 [4.337 MB]

THYO04

Performance of the ANL ECR Charge Breeder with Low Mass Beams

ion, plasma, ECR, ion-source

177

R.C. Vondrasek, S.V. Kutsaev, R.C. Pardo, R.H. Scott
ANL, Argonne, USA
P. Delahaye, L. Maunoury
GANIL, Caen, France

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The Californium Rare Ion Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) of the ATLAS superconducting linac facility aims at providing low-energy and reaccelerated neutron-rich radioactive beams to address key nuclear physics and astrophysics questions. These beams are obtained from fission fragments of a Cf-252 source, thermalized and collected into a low-energy particle beam by a helium gas catcher, mass analyzed by an isobar separator, and charge bred with an ECR ion source for acceleration in ATLAS. The charge breeding program had focused on optimizing beams in the mid-mass range, achieving high charge breeding efficiencies of both gaseous and solid species including 14.7% for the radioactive species ¹⁴³Ba²⁷⁺. In an effort to better understand the charge breeding mechanism, we recently focused on the low-mass species sodium and potassium which up to present have been difficult to charge breed efficiently. Charge breeding efficiencies of 10.1% for ²³Na⁷⁺ and 17.9% for ³⁹K¹⁰⁺ were obtained injecting stable Na⁺ and K⁺ beams from a surface ionization source. Details of these studies will be presented as well as simulations detailing the injection of the low charge state beams into the charge breeder.

Slides THYO04 [9.178 MB]