Keyword: proton
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MOY01 The NICA Complex Injection Facility booster, injection, acceleration, heavy-ion 7
 
  • A.V. Butenko, S.A. Kostromin, I.N. Meshkov, A.O. Sidorin, E. Syresin
    JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  • H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, G.V. Trubnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Russia
  
  The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is un-der construction in JINR. The NICA goals are providing of colliding beams for studies of hot and dense strongly interacting baryonic matter and spin physics. The NICA complex injection facility consists of four accelerators: Alvarez-type linac LU-20 of light ions up to 5 MeV/u; heavy ion linac HILAC with RFQ and IH DTL sections at energy 3.2 MeV/u; superconducting Booster synchrotron at energy up 578 MeV/u; superconducting synchrotron Nuclotron at gold ion energy 3.85 GeV/u. In the nearest future the old LU-20 will be substituted by a new light ion linac for acceleration of 2<A/z<3 ions up to 7 MeV/u with additional two acceleration sections for protons, first IH section for 13 MeV and the second one - superconducting for 20 MeV. The status of NICA injec-tion facility is under discussion.  
slides icon Slides MOY01 [52.421 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-MOY01  
About • Received ※ 05 October 2021 — Revised ※ 08 October 2021 — Accepted ※ 13 October 2021 — Issued ※ 18 October 2021
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MOB01 Status of U-70 extraction, flattop, power-supply, neutron 20
 
  • V.A. Kalinin, A.G. Afonin, Y.M. Antipov, N.A. Ignashin, S.V. Ivanov, V.G. Lapygin, O.P. Lebedev, A. Maksimov, Yu.V. Milichenko, A.P. Soldatov, S.A. Strekalovskikh, S.E. Sytov, N.E. Tyurin, D.A. Vasiliev, A.M. Zaitsev
    IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  The report overviews present status of the Accelerator Complex U-70 at IHEP of NRC "Kurchatov Institute" (Protvino). The emphasis is put on the recent activity and upgrades implemented since the previous conference RuPAC-2018, in a run-by-run chronologi­cal ordering.  
slides icon Slides MOB01 [9.373 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-MOB01  
About • Received ※ 07 October 2021 — Revised ※ 08 October 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 14 October 2021
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MOPSA39 Application of a Scintillation Detector for Periodic Monitoring of Beam Parameters at Medical Proton Therapy Complex "Prometheus" detector, radiation, extraction, synchrotron 176
 
  • A.E. Shemyakov, Belikhin, M.A. Belikhin, A.A. Pryanichnikov, A.I. Shestopalov
    PhTC LPI RAS, Protein, Moscow region, Russia
  • Belikhin, M.A. Belikhin, A.A. Pryanichnikov
    MSU, Moscow, Russia
  
  Introduction: In November 2015 the first domestic complex of proton therapy "Prometheus" start to treat oncology patients. This complex uses a modern technique for irradiation of tumors by scanning with a pencil beam. This technique requires continuous monitoring and regular verification of main beam parameters such as range in water, focusing and lateral dimension. To control these parameters, we developed a waterproof detector for measurements in air and in a water phantom. Methods and materials: The detector system consists of a luminescent screen 5 cm in diameter, a mirror and a CCD camera. When the beam goes through the screen, a glow appears, the reflected image of which is perceived by the camera and analyzed. This design is waterproof, which makes it possible to perform measurements in water. To measure the range of protons in water, this detector was fixed on a special positioner, which allows to move the sensor with an accuracy of 0.2 mm. We measured the beams also in comparison with EBT3 dosimetric film for energies from 60 to 250 MeV with a step of 10 MeV. Same measurements of the ranges were carried out using a standard PTW Bragg Peak ionization chamber. Results: It was shown that this system is a simple and inexpensive tool for conducting regular quality assurance of beam parameters. Unlike the EBT3 dosimetric film, this detector gives an immediate response, which makes it possible to use it when debugging the accelerator and adjusting the beam.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-MOPSA39  
About • Received ※ 17 September 2021 — Revised ※ 29 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 19 October 2021
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MOPSA40 The PIPLAN Proton-Carbon Ion Radiation Therapy Planning System radiation, simulation, experiment, status 179
 
  • A.A. Pryanichnikov
    MSU, Moscow, Russia
  • E.V. Altukhova, I.I. Degtyarev, O.A. Liashenko, F.N. Novoskoltsev, R.Yu. Sinyukov
    IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia
  • A.A. Pryanichnikov, A.S. Simakov
    PhTC LPI RAS, Protvino, Russia
  
  This paper describes the main features of newest version of PIPLAN proton- carbon ion radiation therapy planning system. The PIPLAN 2021 code was assigned for precise Monte Carlo treatment planning for heterogeneous areas, including lung, head and neck location. Two various computer methods are used to modeling the interactions between the proton and carbon ion beam and the patient’s anatomy to determine the spatial distribution of the radiation physical and biological dose. The first algorithm is based on the use of the RTS&T 2021 precision radiation transport code system. The second algorithm is based on the original Ulmer’s method for primary proton beam and adapted Ulmer’s algorithm for primary carbon ion beam.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-MOPSA40  
About • Received ※ 24 September 2021 — Revised ※ 25 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 09 October 2021
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MOPSA41 Effect of a Proton Beam from a Linear Accelerator for Radiation Therapy radiation, simulation, distributed, linac 182
 
  • L. Ovchinnikova, S.V. Akulinichev, A.P. Durkin, A. Kolomiets, V.V. Paramonov
    RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
  • A. Kurilik
    Private Address, Moscow, Russia
  • L. Ovchinnikova
    Ferrite Domen Co., St. Petersburg, Russia
  
  Linear accelerators can provide beam characteristics that cannot be achieved by circular accelerators. We refer to the concept of a compact linac for creating a proton accelerator with a maximum energy of 230 MeV, operating in a pulsed mode. The linac is designed to accelerate up to 1013 particles per 10 to 200 seconds irradiation cycle and is capable of fast adjustment the output energy in the range from 60 to 230 MeV, forming a pencil-like beam with a diameter of ~2 mm. Simulation of dose distribution from a proton beam in a water phantom has been performed. The radiological effect of the linac beam during fast energy scanning is considered, and the features for providing the high dose rate flash radiation therapy are specified. The possibility of a magnetic system for increasing the transverse dimensions of the beam-affected region is discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-MOPSA41  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 13 October 2021  
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MOPSA44 Conceptual Project of Proton Beam Lines in the Nuclear Medicine Project of the "Kurchatov Institute" - PNPI target, cyclotron, beam-transport, radiation 189
 
  • D.A. Amerkanov, S.A. Artamonov, E.M. Ivanov, V.I. Maximov, G.A. Riabov, V.A. Tonkikh
    PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
  
  The project of a nuclear medicine complex based on the isochronous cyclotron of negative hydrogen ions C - 80 is being developed at the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" - PNPI. The project provides for the design of a building, the creation of stations for the development of methods for obtaining new popular radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals based on them. The commercial component is not excluded. The project also provides for the creation of a complex of proton therapy of the eyesight. For these purposes, the modernization of the beam extraction system of the cyclotron C-80 is planned: a project for the simultaneously two beams extraction systems are being developed. The one for the production of isotopes with an intensity up to 100 mkA and an energy of 40-80 MeV and the second - for ophthalmology with an energy of 70 MeV and intensity up to 10 mkA. The paper presents the calculation and layout of the beam transport lines to the target stations, the operation mode of the magnetic elements and beam envelopes. The method of the proton beam formation for ophthalmology and its parameters are described.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-MOPSA44  
About • Received ※ 20 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 23 September 2021 — Issued ※ 15 October 2021  
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MOPSA45 Experimental Simulation of Volume Repainting Technique at Proton Synchrotron in Context of Spot Scanning Proton Therapy target, radiation, HOM, simulation 192
 
  • Belikhin, M.A. Belikhin, A.P. Chernyaev
    MSU, Moscow, Russia
  • A.A. Pryanichnikov, A.E. Shemyakov
    PhTC LPI RAS, Protvino, Russia
  
  Background: Reduction the influence of respiration-induced intrafractional motion of tissues is one of the main tasks of proton therapy with a scanning beam. Repainting is one of the techniques of motion compensation. It consists in multiple repeated irradiations of the entire volume or individual iso-energy layers with a dose that is a multiple of the prescribed dose. As a result, the dose is averaged, which leads to an increase in the uniformity of the dose field. Purpose: Experimental simulation of volume sequential repainting and dosimetric estimation of its capabilities in the context of spot scanning proton therapy (SSPT) using dynamic phantom. Materials and Methods: Simulation of respiration-like translational motion is performed using the non-anthropomorphic water dynamic phantom. Target of this phantom is compatible with EBT-3 films. Estimation of repainting technique is based on the analysis of average dose, dose uniformity in region of interests located within planning target volume, and dose gradients. Results: Repainting was estimated for motion with amplitudes of 2, 5, 10 mm with different number of iterations up to 10 at the prescribed dose of 6 Gy. This one increased the uniformity of the dose field from 85,9% to 96,0% at an amplitude of 10 mm and 10 iterations. Conclusions: Volume repainting improves the uniformity of dose distribution. However, the irradiation time increases, and the dose gradients deteriorate in proportion to the amplitude of motion.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-MOPSA45  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2021 — Revised ※ 29 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 16 October 2021
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MOPSA46 Preliminary Design Study of the Gantry for the Proton Radiotherapy Center NRC "Kurchatov Institute" dipole, vacuum, quadrupole, synchrotron 196
 
  • A.N. Chernykh, M.S. Bulatov, V.S. Khoroshkov, G.I. Klenov
    NRC, Moscow, Russia
  
  A typical proton radiation therapy center, which includes a synchrotron with a power of 250 V, a gantry unit with a 360° rotation angle, and a unit with a fixed channel has been developed at NRC "Kurchatov Institute". In report, a diagram of a magneto-optical channel of a gantry beam installation and a project of a beamline of a gantry beam installation with magnetic elements will be presented. In addition, a frame for accommodation of the magnetic elements of the considered project of the gantry beamline will be presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-MOPSA46  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2021 — Revised ※ 29 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 16 October 2021
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MOPSA47 Verification of a Beam of Epithermal Neutrons for Boron-Neutron Capture Therapy neutron, radiation, detector, experiment 199
 
  • G.D. Verkhovod
    Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • D.A. Kasatov, Ia.A. Kolesnikov, S.Yu. Taskaev
    NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • D.A. Kasatov, Ia.A. Kolesnikov, A.N. Makarov, S. Savinov, I.M. Shchudlo, T. Sycheva, S.Yu. Taskaev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • S. Savinov
    BINP & NSTU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  Funding: The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005.
At Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics it was proposed and developed a source of epithermal neutrons based on a tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation and a lithium target for the development of boron neutron capture therapy, a promising method for treating malignant tumors. To measure the "boron" dose due to the boron-lithium reaction, a small-sized detector has been developed. It consists of two polystyrene scintillators, one of which is enriched with boron. Using the detector, the spatial distribution of boron dose and dose of gamma radiation in a 330x330x315 mm water phantom was measured and the results obtained were compared with the results of numerical simulation of the absorbed dose components in such a tissue-equivalent phantom. It is shown that the results obtained are in good agreement with the calculated ones. It was found that the use of a 72 mm Plexiglas moderator provides an acceptable quality of the neutron beam for in vitro and in vivo studies, namely: 1 mA 2.05 MeV proton beam on a lithium target provides a dose rate of 30 Gy-Eq/h in cells containing boron at a concentration of 40 ppm, and 6 Gy-Eq/h in cells without boron. The developed technique for on-line measurement of boron dose and dose of gamma radiation makes it possible to carry out a similar verification of a neutron beam prepared for clinical trials of BNCT after placing a neutron beam shaping assembly with a magnesium fluoride moderator in a bunker adjacent to the accelerator. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-MOPSA47  
About • Received ※ 27 September 2021 — Revised ※ 28 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 22 October 2021
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MOPSA54 Calculation of Dose Fields and Energy Spectra of Secondary Radiation in the Extraction Zone of a Synchrotron Accelerator for Protons With Energies Up to 700 MeV radiation, simulation, synchrotron, experiment 222
 
  • R.P. Truntseva, N.N. Kurapov, A.M. Opekunov
    RFNC-VNIIEF, Sarov, Nizhniy Novgorod region, Russia
  • A.V. Telnov, N.V. Zavyalov
    VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia
  
  The possibility of using a multipurpose synchrotron accelerator for researching the processes of heavy charged particles interaction with various materials is considered. The accelerator provides proton energies up to 700 MeV. It is necessary to evaluate the emerging dose fields at the design stage of the experimental room. In this case, it is important to evaluate the dose distribution, energies and types of secondary radiation that may enter the adjacent rooms. This paper presents the results of the radiation environment evaluation in the radiation extraction zone of the synchrotron accelerator. Simulation results of secondary radiation energy spectra near the walls, which separate the irradiation zone from adjacent rooms, are presented. Proton energies are equal to 60, 85, 110 and 700 MeV are considered. Simulation was performed by the Monte Carlo method in a program developed using Geant4* libraries.
* Geant4 User’s Guide for Application Developers //Geant4 Collaboration. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-MOPSA54  
About • Received ※ 27 September 2021 — Revised ※ 28 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 11 October 2021
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MOPSA56 Upgrades of a Vacuum Insulated Tandem Accelerator for Obtaining Required Voltage Without Breakdowns neutron, vacuum, tandem-accelerator, high-voltage 228
 
  • I.N. Sorokin, Ia.A. Kolesnikov, A.N. Makarov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  Funding: The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005.
Epithermal neutron source based on an electrostatic tandem accelerator of a new type - Vacuum Insulation Tandem Accelerator, and lithium neutron target has been proposed and developed at BINP* for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy** - promising method for treatment of tumors. 2 MeV proton beam was obtained in the accelerator, the neutron generation carried out with bombardment of a lithium target by protons, successful experiments on irradiation of cell cultures incubated in boron medium have been carried out, human glioblastoma grafted mice were cured. It is necessary to increase proton energy from 2 to 2.3 MeV to form a neutron beam suitable for the treatment of deep-seated tumors. It is necessary to provide the high-voltage strength of the accelerator at the potential of 1.2 MV in order to suppress dark currents to an acceptably small value. Two upgrades to obtain the required potential were consistently implemented. At first, the glass rings of the feedthrough insulator were replaced by ceramic ones doubled in height which made it possible to refuse placing the resistive divider inside. Then the smooth ceramic rings were replaced by the new ceramic rings with a ribbed outer surface. Modernization made it possible to obtain the required voltage of 1.15 MV and the proton beam current of 9 mA in the accelerator without breakdowns. The report describes in detail the modernizations carried out, presents the results of the studies, and declares the research plans.
* S. Taskaev. Phys. Part. Nucl. 46 (2015) 956-990. doi: 10.1134/S1063779615060064
** Neutron Capture Therapy: Principles and Applications. Eds.: W. Sauerwein et al. Springer, 2012.
 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-MOPSA56  
About • Received ※ 03 September 2021 — Revised ※ 15 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 20 September 2021 — Issued ※ 11 October 2021
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TUB03 Methods and Systematic Errors for Searching for the Electric Dipole Moment of Charged Particle Using a Storage Ring dipole, storage-ring, site, experiment 44
 
  • V. Senichev, A.E. Aksentyev, A.A. Melnikov
    RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
  
  One of possible argument for CP-invariance violation is the existence of non-vanishing electric dipole moment (EDM) of elementary particles. To search for the EDM the BNL proposed to construct a special ring implementing the frozen spin mode in order to detect the EDM signal. Since systematic errors determine the sensitivity of a method, this article analyzes some major methods proposed for searching for the EDM from the point of view of this problem. The frequency domain method (FDM) proposed by the authors does not require a special accelerator for deuterons and requires spin precession frequency measurements only. The method has four features: the total spin precession frequency due both to the electric and the magnetic dipole moments in an imperfect ring in the longitudinal-vertical plane is measured at an absolute statistic error value of ~10-7 rad/sec in one ring filling; the ring elements position remain unchanged when changing the beam circulation direction from clockwise (CW) to counterclockwise (CCW); calibration of the effective Lorentz factor by means of spin precession frequency measurements in the horizontal plane is carried out alternately in each CW and CCW procedure; the approximate relationship between the spin precession frequency components is set to exclude them from mixing to the expected EDM signal at a statistical sensitivity level approaching 10-29 e cm. The FDM solves the problem of systematic errors, and can be applied in the NICA facility.  
slides icon Slides TUB03 [6.184 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-TUB03  
About • Received ※ 10 September 2021 — Revised ※ 18 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 27 September 2021 — Issued ※ 17 October 2021
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TUPSB09 Resonance Slow Extraction From Ion Synchrotron for Technological Application extraction, synchrotron, septum, resonance 248
 
  • M.F. Blinov, I. Koop, V.A. Vostrikov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • I. Koop
    NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  Third-order resonance slow extraction from synchrotron is the most common use extraction method for external target experiments nuclear physics, proton and heavy ion therapy, since it can provide relatively stable beams in long time. The principle of third-order resonant slow extraction is intentionally exciting the third-order resonance by controlling detuning and sextupole strength to gradually release particles from inside to outside stable separatrix. BINP develop the ion synchrotron for wide range of technological application. The present paper describes slow extraction method with exiting betatron oscillations by the transverse RF-field. Such extraction technique provides stable current extraction for entire extraction time.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-TUPSB09  
About • Received ※ 30 September 2021 — Revised ※ 01 October 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 21 October 2021
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TUPSB16 Calculation and Optimization of High-Energy Beam Transfer Lines by the Monte Carlo Method emittance, beam-transport, ion-source, radiation 262
 
  • D.A. Amerkanov, E.M. Ivanov, G.A. Riabov, V.A. Tonkikh
    PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
  
  The calculation of high-energy beam lines consists of tracing of the proton beam trajectories along the transport channel from the source. The PROTONMK program code was developed to carry out such calculations using the Monte Carlo method. The beam from the accelerator is introduced in the form of a multivariate Gaussian distribution in x,x’,z,z’,dp/p phase space. In the case when an absorber (absorber, air section, window in the channel, etc.) is installed in the transport channel the beam parameters after the absorber are calculated using the GEANT4. The output file of this code can be used as input for the program. The program allows calculation of any beam parameters - intensity, spatial or phase density, energy distribution, etc. The program includes a block for the optimization of beam parameters presented in a functional form. Random search method with learning for search correction based on analysis of intermediate results (so-called statistical gradient method) is used for obtaining the global maximum of a function of many variables. The program has been tested in calculations of the beam transport lines for IC-80 cyclotron and for the development of the beam line for ophthalmology.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-TUPSB16  
About • Received ※ 21 September 2021 — Revised ※ 22 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 23 September 2021 — Issued ※ 28 September 2021
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TUPSB51 Measurement of Neutron Field Functionals Around a Neutron Converter of 50 GeV Protons neutron, experiment, detector, hadron 330
 
  • Ja.N. Rascvetalov, Yu.V. Beletskaya, A.G. Denisov, A.A. Durum, V.L. Ilukin, A. Mamaev, V.N. Peleshko, I.N. Piryazev, E.N. Savitskaya, M.M. Sukharev, S.E. Sukhikh, A.A. Yanovich
    IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  The experiment was performed on a pulsed neutron source of the "Neutron" research bench, being created at the U-70 accelerator at National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" - IHEP, Protvino. Neutrons were generated by the 50 GeV proton beam in the special converter. As a measurement method, neutron activation analysis was used with a set of threshold activation detectors made of C, Al, Nb, In, Bi materials. The neutron energy thresholds of these detectors are in the range from 1 MeV to 75 MeV. The aluminium activation foils were used to calculate the absolute values of the proton quantities in the exposures. The results of measurements and calculations are presented in the form of the following functionals: nuclides activity of threshold reactions in detectors at the end of the exposure; reaction rate; neutron fluences with energies greater than the threshold. To estimate these values, the spectra of neutrons, protons and pions were calculated using the particle transport codes MARS and HADRON with the FAN15 as a low-energy block. It was found that neutrons dominate up to 100 MeV, and the charged hadrons contribution to the total reaction rate for a particular nuclide formation can range from 4% to 46%.  
poster icon Poster TUPSB51 [1.129 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-TUPSB51  
About • Received ※ 15 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 29 September 2021 — Issued ※ 04 October 2021  
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TUPSB52 Measurement of the Argon Ion Current Accompanying at the Accelerating Source of Epithermal Neutrons target, tandem-accelerator, high-voltage, neutron 334
 
  • Ia.A. Kolesnikov, Y.M. Ostreinov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • P.D. Ponomarev, S. Savinov
    BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  Funding: The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 19-32-90118.
For the development of a promising method for the treatment of malignant tumors - boron neutron capture therapy - the accelerator-based epithermal neutron source has been proposed and created in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. Argon ions formed during stripping of a beam of negative hydrogen ions to protons are accelerated and, in parallel with the proton beam, are transported along the high-energy beam line of the facility. Depending on the relative number of argon ions, their effect can vary from negligible to significant, requiring their suppression. In this work, the current of argon ions reaching the beam receiver in the horizontal high-energy beam line of the accelerator was measured. It was determined that the argon beam current accompanying the proton beam is 2000 times less than the proton beam current. This makes it possible not to apply the proposed methods of its suppression. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-TUPSB52  
About • Received ※ 19 September 2021 — Revised ※ 27 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 29 September 2021 — Issued ※ 01 October 2021
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TUPSB53 Measurement of Parameters of Neutron Radiation on the Accelerator-Based Epithermal Neutron Source neutron, target, radiation, tandem-accelerator 337
 
  • M.I. Bikchurina, D.A. Kasatov, Ia.A. Kolesnikov, K. Martianov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • T.A. Bykov
    Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  Funding: The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005.
The accelerator-based epithermal neutrons source, proposed and created in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, provides the generation and formation of a neutron flux suitable for testing the boron neutron capture therapy of malignant tumors. The paper presents and discusses the results of studies using activation techniques. Using activation foils from the SWX-1552 kit (Shieldwerx, USA), an iterative grid method for reconstructing the neutron spectrum was tested. It was found that the use of activation foils for determining the spectrum of epithermal neutrons is questionable, since the main part of the interaction falls on the high-energy part of the spectrum, instead of the resonance of the foil. The number of neutrons is equal to the number of activated beryllium-7 nuclei (it has been proven by measurements that beryllium-7 is not sputtered from the lithium layer). The neutron yield was monitored by registering gamma quanta from the 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction. Depending on the number of registered gamma quanta, recalculation was made for the amount of activated beryllium. In this paper it was measured the number of neutrons depending on different geometries, different parameters of the proton beam and target material, there is a good agreement with the theory. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-TUPSB53  
About • Received ※ 24 September 2021 — Revised ※ 25 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 29 September 2021 — Issued ※ 02 October 2021
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WEPSC28 Optical Diagnostics of 1 MeV Proton Beam in Argon Stripping Target of a Tandem Accelerator diagnostics, neutron, vacuum, tandem-accelerator 393
 
  • A.N. Makarov, S. Savinov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • S.Yu. Taskaev
    NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  Funding: The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005.
A neutron source for boron neutron capture therapy based on a vacuum-insulated tandem accelerator has been developed and operates at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. Conducting a ~10 mm proton beam with a power of up to 20 kW through a system of accelerating electrodes and 16 mm argon stripping tube is not an easy task. Any mistake made by operator or a malfunction of the equipment responsible for the correction of the beam position in the ion beam line can lead to permanent damage to the accelerator. To determine the position of the proton beam inside the argon stripping tube, optical diagnostics have been developed based on the Celestron Ultima 80-45 telescope and a cooled mirror located at an angle of 45 degrees to the beam axis in the straight-through channel of the bending magnet. The cooled mirror also performs the function of measuring the neutral current due to the electrical isolation of the mirror and the extraction of secondary electrons from its surface. The luminescence of a beam in the optical range, observed with the help of the developed diagnostics, made it possible for the first time to determine beam size and position inside the stripping tube with an accuracy of 1 mm. The light sensitivity of the applied optical elements is sufficient for using a shutter speed from 2 to 20 ms to obtain a color image of the beam in real time. This makes it possible to realize a fast interlock in case of a sudden displacement of the beam. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC28  
About • Received ※ 24 September 2021 — Revised ※ 26 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 27 September 2021 — Issued ※ 04 October 2021
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WEPSC29 Diagnostics of the Proton Beam Position Using the Luminescence of a Lithium Neutron-Generating Target target, neutron, radiation, tandem-accelerator 396
 
  • E.O. Sokolova
    Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • A.N. Makarov, S.Yu. Taskaev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • S.Yu. Taskaev
    NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  Funding: This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 19-32-90119.
An accelerator-based source of epithermal neutrons was proposed and created at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. It consists of a vacuum-insulated tandem accelerator for producing a proton beam and a lithium target for generating neutrons as a result of the 7Li(p, n)7Be threshold reaction. With the use of a video camera and a spectrometer, the luminescence of lithium was registered when the lithium target was irradiated with protons. The recorded emission line 610.3 ± 0.5 nm corresponds to the electronic transition in the lithium atom 1s23d -> 1s22p, and the 670.7 ± 1 nm line corresponds to the 1s22p -> 1s22s transition. Based on the results of the study, the visual diagnostics for operational monitoring of the position and the size of the proton beam on the surface of a lithium target was developed and put into operation. The diagnostics can be applied in the neutron generation mode. The possibility of detecting luminescence made it possible to ensure the reliability of measuring the current of the argon ion beam accompanying the proton beam. When studying the blistering of a metal upon implantation of protons with an energy of 2 MeV, luminescence could lead to an overestimation of the surface temperature measured by a thermal imager. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC29  
About • Received ※ 12 September 2021 — Revised ※ 23 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 01 October 2021 — Issued ※ 18 October 2021
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WEPSC30 Measurement of the Phase Portrait of a 2 MeV Proton Beam Along Beam Transfer Line neutron, emittance, target, focusing 399
 
  • T.A. Bykov
    Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • Ia.A. Kolesnikov, S.Yu. Taskaev
    NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • Ia.A. Kolesnikov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • S. Savinov
    BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  Funding: The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005.
For the development of boron neutron capture therapy - an accelerator source of epithermal neutrons has been proposed and created at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (Novosibirsk, Russia). For future therapy it is necessary to ensure the transportation of a proton beam in a high-energy beam line at a distance of 10 meters. For this purpose, using a movable diaphragm with a diameter of 1 mm, mounted on a three-dimensional vacuum manipulator, and a wire scanner, the phase portrait of the proton beam was measured. The software for remote control of the movable diaphragm and data processing of the wire scanner was developed. An algorithm for processing a series of measurements was developed to reconstruct the image of the phase portrait of the beam and calculate the emittance. This work describes in detail the features of the measuring devices, control algorithms and data processing. An experiment was carried out to measure the phase portrait and emittance of a proton beam with an energy of 2 MeV and a current of up to 3 mA. A beam of neutral particles was also measured. The effect of a bending magnet on the focusing and emittance of the beam is studied. The invariant normalized emittances calculated from the measured phase portraits make it possible to assert that the beam can be transported over distances of about 10 meters without changes in the current geometry of the high-energy beam line. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC30  
About • Received ※ 10 September 2021 — Revised ※ 22 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 23 September 2021 — Issued ※ 11 October 2021
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WEPSC31 2D-Tomography of the Proton Beam in the Vacuum Insulated Tandem Accelerator vacuum, target, tandem-accelerator, neutron 402
 
  • M.I. Bikchurina, Ia.A. Kolesnikov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • S. Savinov
    BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  Funding: The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005.
For the development of a promising method for the treatment of malignant tumors - boron neutron capture therapy - the accelerator-based epithermal neutron source has been proposed and created in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. If the parameters of the proton beam change (energy and current of the beam, the parameters of the ion-optical system, the parameters of the ion source) - accordingly the conditions for the beam transportation change (its size, angular divergence, and position relative to the axis of the accelerator). For optimal conduction of the beam along the beam line, two-dimensional tomography of the beam can be used: using a cooled diaphragm with a diameter of several millimeters installed on a vacuum three-dimensional motion input and a Faraday cup, fast chord measurements are carried out, on the basis of which the beam profile is restored. The beam profile obtained by this way is somewhat different from the profile obtained by measuring the phase portrait of the beam using a wire scanner*. The advantage of this method is a relatively short time to restore the profile, depending on the diameter of the cooled diaphragm.
* M. Bikchurina, at al. Measurement of the phase portrait and emittance of the proton beam and neutral atoms in the accelerator based epithermal neutrons source. These proceedings. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC31  
About • Received ※ 21 September 2021 — Revised ※ 29 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 09 October 2021
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WEPSC32 Proton Beam Size Diagnostics Used in the Vacuum Insulated Tandem Accelerator target, neutron, tandem-accelerator, vacuum 404
 
  • Ia.A. Kolesnikov, M.I. Bikchurina, D.A. Kasatov, A.M. Koshkarev, A.N. Makarov, Y.M. Ostreinov, I.M. Shchudlo, E.O. Sokolova, I.N. Sorokin, S.Yu. Taskaev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • T.A. Bykov
    Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • S. Savinov
    BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  Funding: The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005.
For the development of a promising method for the treatment of malignant tumors - boron neutron capture therapy - the accelerator-based epithermal neutron source has been proposed and created in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. After the acceleration phase, a proton beam with an energy of up to 2.3 MeV and a current of up to 10 mA is transported in a high-energy beam line. With a beam size of 1 cm2, its power density can reach tens of kW/cm2. Diagnostics of the size of such a powerful beam is a nontrivial task aimed at increasing the reliability of the accelerator. The paper presents such diagnostics as: 1) the use of the blister formation boundary during the implantation of protons into the metal; 2) the use of thermocouples inserted into the lithium target; 3) the use of the melting boundary of the lithium layer when it is irradiated with a beam; 4) the use of the activation of the lithium target by protons; 5) the use of video cameras; 6) the use of an infrared camera; 7) the use of the luminescence effect of lithium when it is irradiated with protons; 8) the use of collimators with a small diameter of 1-2 mm; 9) the use of the method of two-dimensional tomography*.
* M. Bikchurina, et al 2D tomography of the proton beam in the vacuum-insulated tandem accelerator. These proceedings. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC32  
About • Received ※ 22 September 2021 — Revised ※ 29 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 19 October 2021
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WEPSC34 Treatment of the Results Measurement of Profile Beam Using Wire Scanners at Accelerator U-70 IHEP feedback, detector, betatron, operation 410
 
  • D.A. Vasiliev, V.T. Baranov, V.A. Kalinin, O.P. Lebedev, A. Lutchev, D.A. Savin
    IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  The IHEP has developed fast wire scanners based on servomotors with a scanning speed of V = 16m/s. For processing of analog signals from detectors, a digital USB oscilloscope NI USB-5133 manufactured by National Instruments has been chosen. The paper describes methods of data processing from a wire scanner using a program developed in the LabVIEW environment and obtaining information about beam parameters as well. To determine the frequency of beam revolution, a fast Fourier transform is used. The measured input signal is integrated at a chosed number of turns of the beam. The amplitude, center position, offset, rms deviation of the resulting distribution and beam sizes at the corresponding energy level are calculated using the Gaussian Peak Fit VI library element. The data of beam profile in different modes of accelerator operation are presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC34  
About • Received ※ 06 September 2021 — Revised ※ 07 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 13 September 2021 — Issued ※ 28 September 2021
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WEPSC55 Development of the Low Intensity Extraction Beam Control System at Protom Synchrotron for Proton Radiography Implementation extraction, controls, synchrotron, experiment 439
 
  • A.A. Pryanichnikov, Belikhin, M.A. Belikhin, A.E. Shemyakov, P.B. Zhogolev
    PhTC LPI RAS, Protvino, Russia
  • Belikhin, M.A. Belikhin, A.A. Pryanichnikov, A.E. Shemyakov, P.B. Zhogolev
    Protom Ltd., Protvino, Russia
  • Belikhin, M.A. Belikhin, A.P. Chernyaev, A.A. Pryanichnikov
    MSU, Moscow, Russia
  • V. Rykalin
    ProtonVDA, Naperville, Illinois, USA
  
  Currently, the calculation of the proton range in patients receiving proton therapy is based on the conversion of Hounsfield CT units of the patient’s tissues into the relative stopping power of protons. Proton radiography is able to reduce these uncertainties by directly measuring proton stopping power. However, proton imaging systems cannot handle the proton beam intensities used in standard proton therapy. This means that for implementation of proton radiography it is necessary to reduce the intensity of the protons significantly. This study demonstrates the current version of the new beam control system for low proton intensity extraction. The system is based on automatic removable unit with special luminescence film and sensitive photoreceptor. Using of the removable module allows us to save initial parameters of the therapy beam. Remote automatic control of this unit will provide switch therapy and imaging modes between synchrotron cycles. The work describes algorithms of low flux beam control, calibration procedures and experimental measurements. Measurements and calibration procedures were performed with certified Protom Faraday Cup, PTW Bragg Peak Chamber and specially designed experimental external detector. The development can be implemented in any proton therapy complexes based on the Protom synchrotron. This allow us to use initial synchrotron beam as a tool for patient verification and to eliminate proton range uncertainties.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC55  
About • Received ※ 17 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 20 September 2021 — Issued ※ 04 October 2021  
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THA01 Status of the SC HWR Cavities Production for NICA Project cavity, linac, light-ion, niobium 85
 
  • M. Gusarova, M.V. Lalayan, S.V. Matsievskiy, R.E. Nemchenko, S.M. Polozov, V.L. Shatokhin, N.P. Sobenin
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • A.V. Butenko, M.V. Lalayan, E. Syresin, G.V. Trubnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • D. Bychanok, S.A. Maksimenko
    INP BSU, Minsk, Belarus
  • V.S. Petrakovsky, I.L. Pobol, A.I. Pokrovsky, A. Shvedov, S.V. Yurevich, V.G. Zaleski
    Physical-Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
  • G.V. Trubnikov
    JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  
  Since 2015 the superconducting (SC) linac-injector development for Nuclotron NICA (JINR, Dubna, Russia) is carried out by the collaboration of JINR, NRNU MEPhI, INP BSU, PTI NASB. This new SC linac is to accelerate protons up to 20 MeV and light ions to 7.5 MeV/u with possible energy upgrade up to 50 MeV for proton beam. This paper reports the current status of the development and manufacturing of superconducting accelerating cavities for a new linear accelerator of the injection complex of the Nuclotron-NICA project.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-THA01  
About • Received ※ 26 September 2021 — Revised ※ 27 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 24 October 2021
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FRA05 Cyclotron System C-250 cyclotron, resonance, radiation, controls 105
 
  • K.E. Smirnov, A.V. Galchuck, Yu.N. Gavrish, S.V. Grigorenko, V.I. Grigoriev, R.M. Klopenkov, L.E. Korolev, K.A. Kravchuk, A.N. Kuzhlev, I.I. Mezhov, V.G. Mudrolyubov, Yu.K. Osina, Yu.I. Stogov, M.V. Usanova
    NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
  
  JSC "NIIEFA" is designing a cyclotron system that gen-erates intensive proton beams with final energy in the range of 30-250 MeV. We have adopted a non-standard technical solution: at the energy of less than 125 MeV negative hydrogen ions are accelerated with the extrac-tion of protons by the stripping device; at higher energies protons are accelerated, and the beam is extracted by a deflector and a magnetic channel. The isochronous de-pendence of the magnetic field on the radius for different final energies is provided by changing the current in the main coil and tuning the correction coils. The cyclotron electromagnet has an H-shaped design with a pole diameter of 4 meters, a four-sector magnetic structure, and high spirality sectors. The dees of the reso-nance system are formed by delta electrodes and placed in the opposite valleys; stems are brought outwards through holes in the valleys. The operating frequency range is 24-33.2 MHz. The power of the RF generator is 60 kW. The cyclotron complex is equipped with a branched beam transport system and target devices for applied re-search on the radiation resistance of materials. Computer control of the cyclotron and its associated systems is provided.  
slides icon Slides FRA05 [6.105 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-FRA05  
About • Received ※ 29 September 2021 — Revised ※ 30 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 19 October 2021
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FRB01 Advances in the Development of a Vacuum Insulated Tandem Accelerator and Its Applications neutron, target, tandem-accelerator, vacuum 108
 
  • S.Yu. Taskaev, A.A. Ivanov, D.A. Kasatov, Ia.A. Kolesnikov, A.N. Makarov, I.M. Shchudlo, I.N. Sorokin
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • T.A. Bykov
    Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • A.M. Koshkarev, E.O. Sokolova
    NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • G. Ostreinov
    Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  Funding: This research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005.
A compact accelerator-based neutron source has been proposed and created at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, Russia. An original vacuum insulated tandem accelerator (VITA) is used to provide a proton/deuteron beam. As a result of scientific research and modernization, the power of the ion beam was increased, an operation mode without high-voltage breakdowns was achieved, and the operation of the accelerator in a wide range of changes in the energy and current of ions was ensured. The proton/deuteron beam energy can be varied within a range of 0.6-2.3 MeV, keeping a high-energy stability of 0.1%. The beam current can also be varied in a wide range (from 0.3 mA to 10 mA) with high current stability (0.4%). VITA is used to obtain epithermal neutrons for the development of boron neutron capture therapy, thermal neutrons for the determination of impurities in ITER materials by activation analysis method; fast neutrons for radiation testing of materials; 478 keV photons to measure the 7Li(p, p’g)7Li reaction cross section, etc. VITA is planned to be used for boron imaging with monoenergetic neutron beam, for characterizing of neutron detectors designed for fusion studies, for in-depth investigation of the promising 11B(p, alfa)alfa alfa neutronless fusion reaction, for studying the crystal structure of materials by neutron diffraction, etc. 		 
slides icon Slides FRB01 [12.326 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-FRB01  
About • Received ※ 10 September 2021 — Revised ※ 23 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 29 September 2021 — Issued ※ 15 October 2021
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FRB04 A Linear Accelerator for Proton Therapy linac, acceleration, operation, focusing 117
 
  • V.V. Paramonov, A.P. Durkin, A. Kolomiets
    RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
  
  For applications in proton therapy, linear accelerators can provide beam performances not achievable with cyclic facilities. The results of the development of a proposal for a linac with the maximal proton energy of 230 MeV are presented. Operating in a pulsed mode, with a repetition rate not less than 50 Hz, the linac is designed to accelerate up to 1013 protons per irradiation cycle lasting from 10 to 200 seconds. Possibilities of fast, from pulse to pulse, adjustment of the output energy in the range from 60 MeV to 230 MeV, formation and acceleration to the output energy of a "pencil-like" beam with a diameter of ~ 2 mm are shown. Optimized solutions, proposed for both the accelerating-focusing channel and the technical systems of the linac make it possible to create a facility with high both target and technical and economic features. Special attention, due to the selection of proven in long-term operation parameters of the systems, is paid to ensuring the reliability of the linac operation. The feasibility of linac is substantiated on the basis of mastered or modified with a guarantee industrial equipment.  
slides icon Slides FRB04 [5.370 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-FRB04  
About • Received ※ 16 September 2021 — Revised ※ 30 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 13 October 2021
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FRB05 Updated Status of Protom Synchrotrons for Radiation Therapy synchrotron, radiation, extraction, injection 120
 
  • A.A. Pryanichnikov, V. Alexandrov, V.E. Balakin, A.I. Bazhan, Belikhin, M.A. Belikhin, V.I. Chashurin, P.A. Lunev, A.E. Shemyakov, A.I. Shestopalov
    PhTC LPI RAS, Protvino, Russia
  • V. Alexandrov, V.E. Balakin, A.I. Bazhan, Belikhin, M.A. Belikhin, P.A. Lunev, A.A. Pryanichnikov, A.E. Shemyakov, A.I. Shestopalov
    Protom Ltd., Protvino, Russia
  
  Physical-Technical Center of P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS and Protom Ltd. are engaged in development and implantation of synchrotrons for proton therapy into clinical practice. There are two proton therapy complexes "Prometheus" in Russia. That are fully developed and manufactured at Physical-Technical Center and Protom. Every day patients with head and neck cancer get treatment using "Prometheus" at the A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center. At the moment these facilities together have accumulated more than 5 years of clinical experience. Two facilities are based on the Protom synchrotrons in the USA. One operates at the McLaren Hospital PT Center, it started to treat patients in 2018. Another one is as a part of the single-room proton therapy system "Radiance330" in Massachusetts General Hospital, that went into clinical operations in 2020. The first Israel proton therapy complex based on Protom synchrotron was launched in 2019. Protom facilities provide full stack of modern proton therapy technologies such as IMPT and pencil beam scanning. Key features of Protom synchrotron: low weight, compact size and low power consumption allow it to be placed in conventional hospitals without construction of any special infrastructure. This report presents current data on accelerator researches and developments of Physical-Technical Center and Protom Ltd. In addition, it provides data on the use of Protom based proton therapy complexes under the clinical conditions.  
slides icon Slides FRB05 [8.949 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-FRB05  
About • Received ※ 19 September 2021 — Revised ※ 30 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 11 October 2021
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