RuPAC2021 - List of Keywords (target)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOX02	Development and Implementation of Bunch Shape Instrumentation for Ion Linacs	electron, linac, detector, instrumentation	1
	A. Feschenko, V. Gaidash, S.A. Gavrilov RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
	A longitudinal charge distribution in beam bunches, so-called bunch shape, is one of the most important and difficult to measure characteristics of a beam in ion linear accelerators. Despite the variety of approaches only the methods using low energy secondary electrons emitted, when the beam passes through a thin target, found practical application. The most common beam instrumentation, based on this method, became Bunch Shape Monitor developed in INR RAS. The monitor provides direct measurements of bunch shape and bunch longitudinal halo, allows to carry out such complex diagnostic procedures as longitudinal emittance measurements, amplitude and phase setting of accelerating cavities and control of bunch shape evolution in time to check the overall quality of longitudinal tuning of the accelerator. The principle of the monitor operation, design features, ultimate parameters and limitations are discussed. Several modifications of the monitor with implementation peculiarities are described as well as lots of measurement results at different ion linacs with a variety of beam parameters. New challenges for bunch shape instrumentation to satisfy demands of forthcoming linacs are also characterized.
	Slides MOX02 [9.840 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-MOX02
About •	Received ※ 30 September 2021 — Revised ※ 04 October 2021 — Accepted ※ 07 October 2021 — Issued ※ 20 October 2021
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MOPSA44	Conceptual Project of Proton Beam Lines in the Nuclear Medicine Project of the "Kurchatov Institute" - PNPI	proton, cyclotron, beam-transport, radiation	189
	D.A. Amerkanov, S.A. Artamonov, E.M. Ivanov, V.I. Maximov, G.A. Riabov, V.A. Tonkikh PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
	The project of a nuclear medicine complex based on the isochronous cyclotron of negative hydrogen ions C - 80 is being developed at the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" - PNPI. The project provides for the design of a building, the creation of stations for the development of methods for obtaining new popular radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals based on them. The commercial component is not excluded. The project also provides for the creation of a complex of proton therapy of the eyesight. For these purposes, the modernization of the beam extraction system of the cyclotron C-80 is planned: a project for the simultaneously two beams extraction systems are being developed. The one for the production of isotopes with an intensity up to 100 mkA and an energy of 40-80 MeV and the second - for ophthalmology with an energy of 70 MeV and intensity up to 10 mkA. The paper presents the calculation and layout of the beam transport lines to the target stations, the operation mode of the magnetic elements and beam envelopes. The method of the proton beam formation for ophthalmology and its parameters are described.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-MOPSA44
About •	Received ※ 20 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 23 September 2021 — Issued ※ 15 October 2021
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MOPSA45	Experimental Simulation of Volume Repainting Technique at Proton Synchrotron in Context of Spot Scanning Proton Therapy	radiation, proton, HOM, simulation	192
	Belikhin, M.A. Belikhin, A.P. Chernyaev MSU, Moscow, Russia A.A. Pryanichnikov, A.E. Shemyakov PhTC LPI RAS, Protvino, Russia
	Background: Reduction the influence of respiration-induced intrafractional motion of tissues is one of the main tasks of proton therapy with a scanning beam. Repainting is one of the techniques of motion compensation. It consists in multiple repeated irradiations of the entire volume or individual iso-energy layers with a dose that is a multiple of the prescribed dose. As a result, the dose is averaged, which leads to an increase in the uniformity of the dose field. Purpose: Experimental simulation of volume sequential repainting and dosimetric estimation of its capabilities in the context of spot scanning proton therapy (SSPT) using dynamic phantom. Materials and Methods: Simulation of respiration-like translational motion is performed using the non-anthropomorphic water dynamic phantom. Target of this phantom is compatible with EBT-3 films. Estimation of repainting technique is based on the analysis of average dose, dose uniformity in region of interests located within planning target volume, and dose gradients. Results: Repainting was estimated for motion with amplitudes of 2, 5, 10 mm with different number of iterations up to 10 at the prescribed dose of 6 Gy. This one increased the uniformity of the dose field from 85,9% to 96,0% at an amplitude of 10 mm and 10 iterations. Conclusions: Volume repainting improves the uniformity of dose distribution. However, the irradiation time increases, and the dose gradients deteriorate in proportion to the amplitude of motion.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-MOPSA45
About •	Received ※ 28 September 2021 — Revised ※ 29 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 16 October 2021
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TUPSB52	Measurement of the Argon Ion Current Accompanying at the Accelerating Source of Epithermal Neutrons	proton, tandem-accelerator, high-voltage, neutron	334
	Ia.A. Kolesnikov, Y.M. Ostreinov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia P.D. Ponomarev, S. Savinov BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 19-32-90118. For the development of a promising method for the treatment of malignant tumors - boron neutron capture therapy - the accelerator-based epithermal neutron source has been proposed and created in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. Argon ions formed during stripping of a beam of negative hydrogen ions to protons are accelerated and, in parallel with the proton beam, are transported along the high-energy beam line of the facility. Depending on the relative number of argon ions, their effect can vary from negligible to significant, requiring their suppression. In this work, the current of argon ions reaching the beam receiver in the horizontal high-energy beam line of the accelerator was measured. It was determined that the argon beam current accompanying the proton beam is 2000 times less than the proton beam current. This makes it possible not to apply the proposed methods of its suppression.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-TUPSB52
About •	Received ※ 19 September 2021 — Revised ※ 27 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 29 September 2021 — Issued ※ 01 October 2021
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TUPSB53	Measurement of Parameters of Neutron Radiation on the Accelerator-Based Epithermal Neutron Source	neutron, proton, radiation, tandem-accelerator	337
	M.I. Bikchurina, D.A. Kasatov, Ia.A. Kolesnikov, K. Martianov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia T.A. Bykov Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005. The accelerator-based epithermal neutrons source, proposed and created in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, provides the generation and formation of a neutron flux suitable for testing the boron neutron capture therapy of malignant tumors. The paper presents and discusses the results of studies using activation techniques. Using activation foils from the SWX-1552 kit (Shieldwerx, USA), an iterative grid method for reconstructing the neutron spectrum was tested. It was found that the use of activation foils for determining the spectrum of epithermal neutrons is questionable, since the main part of the interaction falls on the high-energy part of the spectrum, instead of the resonance of the foil. The number of neutrons is equal to the number of activated beryllium-7 nuclei (it has been proven by measurements that beryllium-7 is not sputtered from the lithium layer). The neutron yield was monitored by registering gamma quanta from the 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction. Depending on the number of registered gamma quanta, recalculation was made for the amount of activated beryllium. In this paper it was measured the number of neutrons depending on different geometries, different parameters of the proton beam and target material, there is a good agreement with the theory.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-TUPSB53
About •	Received ※ 24 September 2021 — Revised ※ 25 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 29 September 2021 — Issued ※ 02 October 2021
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WEPSC16	Numerical Research of Design Solutions for the Bending Magnets of the Electron Beam Facility GESA-1M	electron, simulation, space-charge, site	376
	N.I. Kazachenko, E.I. Gapionok, V.P. Kukhtin, I.Yu. Rodin, K.I. Tkachenko NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia D.A. Ovsyannikov, S.E. Sytchevsky Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
	Comparative simulations of magnet configurations have been performed searching for the optimum design of bending magnets for the intense pulsed electron beam facility GESA-1M. GESA-1M is used for improvement of material surface properties and is capable to generate a 120 kV, 10 A/cm², 50 mks electron beam with the diameter of 10 cm. One of specific concerns is to prevent the beam path from contamination withμparticles of treated materials. To overcome this problem a system of bending magnets is used. The beam trajectory through electric and magnetic fields was simulated for three candidate configurations of the bending magnets. A comparison was focused on the expected power density and divergence angle at the target. The most efficient concept was found to be two pairs of coils arranged orthogonally to each other. This configuration produces highly uniform distribution of the current density at the target, the divergence angle being as low as several degrees. An important advantage is that the initial beam power can be intensified by a 20% at the target.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC16
About •	Received ※ 28 September 2021 — Revised ※ 29 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 19 October 2021
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WEPSC29	Diagnostics of the Proton Beam Position Using the Luminescence of a Lithium Neutron-Generating Target	proton, neutron, radiation, tandem-accelerator	396
	E.O. Sokolova Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia A.N. Makarov, S.Yu. Taskaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia S.Yu. Taskaev NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 19-32-90119. An accelerator-based source of epithermal neutrons was proposed and created at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. It consists of a vacuum-insulated tandem accelerator for producing a proton beam and a lithium target for generating neutrons as a result of the 7Li(p, n)7Be threshold reaction. With the use of a video camera and a spectrometer, the luminescence of lithium was registered when the lithium target was irradiated with protons. The recorded emission line 610.3 ± 0.5 nm corresponds to the electronic transition in the lithium atom 1s23d -> 1s22p, and the 670.7 ± 1 nm line corresponds to the 1s22p -> 1s22s transition. Based on the results of the study, the visual diagnostics for operational monitoring of the position and the size of the proton beam on the surface of a lithium target was developed and put into operation. The diagnostics can be applied in the neutron generation mode. The possibility of detecting luminescence made it possible to ensure the reliability of measuring the current of the argon ion beam accompanying the proton beam. When studying the blistering of a metal upon implantation of protons with an energy of 2 MeV, luminescence could lead to an overestimation of the surface temperature measured by a thermal imager.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC29
About •	Received ※ 12 September 2021 — Revised ※ 23 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 01 October 2021 — Issued ※ 18 October 2021
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WEPSC30	Measurement of the Phase Portrait of a 2 MeV Proton Beam Along Beam Transfer Line	proton, neutron, emittance, focusing	399
	T.A. Bykov Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia Ia.A. Kolesnikov, S.Yu. Taskaev NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia Ia.A. Kolesnikov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia S. Savinov BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005. For the development of boron neutron capture therapy - an accelerator source of epithermal neutrons has been proposed and created at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (Novosibirsk, Russia). For future therapy it is necessary to ensure the transportation of a proton beam in a high-energy beam line at a distance of 10 meters. For this purpose, using a movable diaphragm with a diameter of 1 mm, mounted on a three-dimensional vacuum manipulator, and a wire scanner, the phase portrait of the proton beam was measured. The software for remote control of the movable diaphragm and data processing of the wire scanner was developed. An algorithm for processing a series of measurements was developed to reconstruct the image of the phase portrait of the beam and calculate the emittance. This work describes in detail the features of the measuring devices, control algorithms and data processing. An experiment was carried out to measure the phase portrait and emittance of a proton beam with an energy of 2 MeV and a current of up to 3 mA. A beam of neutral particles was also measured. The effect of a bending magnet on the focusing and emittance of the beam is studied. The invariant normalized emittances calculated from the measured phase portraits make it possible to assert that the beam can be transported over distances of about 10 meters without changes in the current geometry of the high-energy beam line.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC30
About •	Received ※ 10 September 2021 — Revised ※ 22 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 23 September 2021 — Issued ※ 11 October 2021
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WEPSC31	2D-Tomography of the Proton Beam in the Vacuum Insulated Tandem Accelerator	proton, vacuum, tandem-accelerator, neutron	402
	M.I. Bikchurina, Ia.A. Kolesnikov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia S. Savinov BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005. For the development of a promising method for the treatment of malignant tumors - boron neutron capture therapy - the accelerator-based epithermal neutron source has been proposed and created in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. If the parameters of the proton beam change (energy and current of the beam, the parameters of the ion-optical system, the parameters of the ion source) - accordingly the conditions for the beam transportation change (its size, angular divergence, and position relative to the axis of the accelerator). For optimal conduction of the beam along the beam line, two-dimensional tomography of the beam can be used: using a cooled diaphragm with a diameter of several millimeters installed on a vacuum three-dimensional motion input and a Faraday cup, fast chord measurements are carried out, on the basis of which the beam profile is restored. The beam profile obtained by this way is somewhat different from the profile obtained by measuring the phase portrait of the beam using a wire scanner. The advantage of this method is a relatively short time to restore the profile, depending on the diameter of the cooled diaphragm. M. Bikchurina, at al. Measurement of the phase portrait and emittance of the proton beam and neutral atoms in the accelerator based epithermal neutrons source. These proceedings.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC31
About •	Received ※ 21 September 2021 — Revised ※ 29 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 09 October 2021
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WEPSC32	Proton Beam Size Diagnostics Used in the Vacuum Insulated Tandem Accelerator	proton, neutron, tandem-accelerator, vacuum	404
	Ia.A. Kolesnikov, M.I. Bikchurina, D.A. Kasatov, A.M. Koshkarev, A.N. Makarov, Y.M. Ostreinov, I.M. Shchudlo, E.O. Sokolova, I.N. Sorokin, S.Yu. Taskaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia T.A. Bykov Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia S. Savinov BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005. For the development of a promising method for the treatment of malignant tumors - boron neutron capture therapy - the accelerator-based epithermal neutron source has been proposed and created in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. After the acceleration phase, a proton beam with an energy of up to 2.3 MeV and a current of up to 10 mA is transported in a high-energy beam line. With a beam size of 1 cm², its power density can reach tens of kW/cm². Diagnostics of the size of such a powerful beam is a nontrivial task aimed at increasing the reliability of the accelerator. The paper presents such diagnostics as: 1) the use of the blister formation boundary during the implantation of protons into the metal; 2) the use of thermocouples inserted into the lithium target; 3) the use of the melting boundary of the lithium layer when it is irradiated with a beam; 4) the use of the activation of the lithium target by protons; 5) the use of video cameras; 6) the use of an infrared camera; 7) the use of the luminescence effect of lithium when it is irradiated with protons; 8) the use of collimators with a small diameter of 1-2 mm; 9) the use of the method of two-dimensional tomography. M. Bikchurina, et al 2D tomography of the proton beam in the vacuum-insulated tandem accelerator. These proceedings.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC32
About •	Received ※ 22 September 2021 — Revised ※ 29 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 19 October 2021
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WEPSC33	Increasing Quality of Experiment Interpretation in Real-Time for the Tandem Accelerator	experiment, software, neutron, real-time	407
	A.M. Koshkarev, Ia.A. Kolesnikov, A.N. Makarov, S.Yu. Taskaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia T.A. Bykov, E.O. Sokolova Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia Ia.A. Kolesnikov, E.O. Sokolova, S.Yu. Taskaev NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005 Epithermal neutron source based on an electrostatic tandem accelerator of a new type - Vacuum Insulation Tandem Accelerator, and lithium neutron target has been proposed and developed at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy - promising method for treatment of tumors and for other applications. The paper proposes and implements a flexible and customizable method of operational data processing, allowing researchers to obtain and analyze information directly in the experiment without the need for post-processing data. Its use accelerates the process of obtaining informative data during experimental research and automates the analysis process. Also proposed and implemented a process of automatic distributed journaling of the results of the experiment. As a result of the implementation of the proposed tools increased the productivity of the analysis of experimental data and the detailing of the experimental journal. The developed and implemented system of real-time data processing has shown its effectiveness and has become an integral part of the control system, data collection and data storage of the epithermal neutron source.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC33
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 14 October 2021
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WEPSC36	Simulation of the Coherent Radiation Interferometry for the Beam Temporal Structure Diagnostics	radiation, detector, simulation, electron	413
	D.A. Shkitov, M. Shevelev, S. Stuchebrov, M. Toktaganova TPU, Tomsk, Russia
	Today, free electron lasers and new facilities that are capable of generating sequences of short electron bunches with a high (THz) repetition rate have widely developed. The existing diagnostic methods for such sequences have limitations or are not applicable. Therefore, it is important to develop new approaches to diagnose the temporal structure of such sequences (trains) in modern accelerators. In this report, we describe a model of coherent radiation interferometry using a Michelson interferometer. The mechanisms of transition and diffraction radiation are selected as the radiation source. The model takes into account the finite target size, the parameters of the sequence structure and the detector characteristics. The simulation results allow us to conclude that the analysis of the radiation intensity autocorrelation function itself can be applied as diagnostics method of an arbitrary bunch train temporal structure. Based on such method we can obtain information on the bunch number in the train and the distance between bunches.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC36
About •	Received ※ 24 September 2021 — Revised ※ 30 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 13 October 2021
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FRB01	Advances in the Development of a Vacuum Insulated Tandem Accelerator and Its Applications	neutron, proton, tandem-accelerator, vacuum	108
	S.Yu. Taskaev, A.A. Ivanov, D.A. Kasatov, Ia.A. Kolesnikov, A.N. Makarov, I.M. Shchudlo, I.N. Sorokin BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia T.A. Bykov Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia A.M. Koshkarev, E.O. Sokolova NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia G. Ostreinov Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: This research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005. A compact accelerator-based neutron source has been proposed and created at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, Russia. An original vacuum insulated tandem accelerator (VITA) is used to provide a proton/deuteron beam. As a result of scientific research and modernization, the power of the ion beam was increased, an operation mode without high-voltage breakdowns was achieved, and the operation of the accelerator in a wide range of changes in the energy and current of ions was ensured. The proton/deuteron beam energy can be varied within a range of 0.6-2.3 MeV, keeping a high-energy stability of 0.1%. The beam current can also be varied in a wide range (from 0.3 mA to 10 mA) with high current stability (0.4%). VITA is used to obtain epithermal neutrons for the development of boron neutron capture therapy, thermal neutrons for the determination of impurities in ITER materials by activation analysis method; fast neutrons for radiation testing of materials; 478 keV photons to measure the 7Li(p, p’g)7Li reaction cross section, etc. VITA is planned to be used for boron imaging with monoenergetic neutron beam, for characterizing of neutron detectors designed for fusion studies, for in-depth investigation of the promising 11B(p, alfa)alfa alfa neutronless fusion reaction, for studying the crystal structure of materials by neutron diffraction, etc.
	Slides FRB01 [12.326 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-FRB01
About •	Received ※ 10 September 2021 — Revised ※ 23 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 29 September 2021 — Issued ※ 15 October 2021
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FRB06	The Results Obtained on "Radiobiological Stand" Facility, Working with the Extracted Carbon Ion Beam of the U-70 Accelerator	experiment, dipole, status, radiation	124
	V.A. Pikalov, A.G. Alexeev, Y.M. Antipov, V.A. Kalinin, A.V. Koshelev, A.V. Maximov, M.P. Ovsienko, M.K. Polkovnikov, A.P. Soldatov IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia
	This report provides an information of present status of the "Radiobiological stand" facility at the extracted carbon ions beam of the U-70 accelerator. The results of the development of the RBS facility are presented. A plans for development an experimental medical center for carbon ion therapy on the basis of the U-70 accelerator complex are also reported.
	Slides FRB06 [11.249 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-FRB06
About •	Received ※ 26 September 2021 — Revised ※ 08 October 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 23 October 2021
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FRB07	Transmission Studies With Ion Beams Within FAMA	ion-source, quadrupole, light-ion, experiment	127
	Z.M. Jovanovic, R. Balvanovic, M.M. Ćosić, N. Neskovic, I. Teleski VINCA, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
	Funding: Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. FAMA is a user facility for materials science with low energy ions beams in the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia. It includes a heavy ion source, a light ion source, two channels for modification of materials, and two channels for analysis of materials. Recently, designing of a channel for transmission studies within FAMA, the C3 channel, has begun. The initially planned studies are related to the rainbow effects with electrostatic very thin lenses (VTLs) and two-dimensional (2D) materials. In the former case, the main aim is to develop a method for generation of narrow ion beams, to be used, for example, in materials science and technology. The main aim in the latter case is to determine precisely the interaction potential of the projectile and target atoms. In both cases, the theoretical basis of the explorations is the theory of crystal rainbows. From the technological point of view, construction and use of the C3 channel includes the following challenges: (i) production and diagnostics of the narrow and parallel ion beams to be directed to the chosen VTLs and 2D materials, (ii) registration of the transmitted ion beams with high resolution 2D position sensitive detectors, (iii) preparation of the 2D materials and maintaining their cleanliness during the measurements, and (iv) providing the ultra-high vacuum conditions in measurements with the 2D materials.
	Slides FRB07 [11.209 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-FRB07
About •	Received ※ 27 September 2021 — Revised ※ 01 October 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 13 October 2021
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Paper

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Other Keywords

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MOX02

Development and Implementation of Bunch Shape Instrumentation for Ion Linacs

electron, linac, detector, instrumentation

1

A. Feschenko, V. Gaidash, S.A. Gavrilov
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia

A longitudinal charge distribution in beam bunches, so-called bunch shape, is one of the most important and difficult to measure characteristics of a beam in ion linear accelerators. Despite the variety of approaches only the methods using low energy secondary electrons emitted, when the beam passes through a thin target, found practical application. The most common beam instrumentation, based on this method, became Bunch Shape Monitor developed in INR RAS. The monitor provides direct measurements of bunch shape and bunch longitudinal halo, allows to carry out such complex diagnostic procedures as longitudinal emittance measurements, amplitude and phase setting of accelerating cavities and control of bunch shape evolution in time to check the overall quality of longitudinal tuning of the accelerator. The principle of the monitor operation, design features, ultimate parameters and limitations are discussed. Several modifications of the monitor with implementation peculiarities are described as well as lots of measurement results at different ion linacs with a variety of beam parameters. New challenges for bunch shape instrumentation to satisfy demands of forthcoming linacs are also characterized.

Slides MOX02 [9.840 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-MOX02

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Received ※ 30 September 2021 — Revised ※ 04 October 2021 — Accepted ※ 07 October 2021 — Issued ※ 20 October 2021

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MOPSA44

Conceptual Project of Proton Beam Lines in the Nuclear Medicine Project of the "Kurchatov Institute" - PNPI

proton, cyclotron, beam-transport, radiation

189

D.A. Amerkanov, S.A. Artamonov, E.M. Ivanov, V.I. Maximov, G.A. Riabov, V.A. Tonkikh
PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia

The project of a nuclear medicine complex based on the isochronous cyclotron of negative hydrogen ions C - 80 is being developed at the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" - PNPI. The project provides for the design of a building, the creation of stations for the development of methods for obtaining new popular radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals based on them. The commercial component is not excluded. The project also provides for the creation of a complex of proton therapy of the eyesight. For these purposes, the modernization of the beam extraction system of the cyclotron C-80 is planned: a project for the simultaneously two beams extraction systems are being developed. The one for the production of isotopes with an intensity up to 100 mkA and an energy of 40-80 MeV and the second - for ophthalmology with an energy of 70 MeV and intensity up to 10 mkA. The paper presents the calculation and layout of the beam transport lines to the target stations, the operation mode of the magnetic elements and beam envelopes. The method of the proton beam formation for ophthalmology and its parameters are described.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-MOPSA44

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Received ※ 20 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 23 September 2021 — Issued ※ 15 October 2021

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MOPSA45

Experimental Simulation of Volume Repainting Technique at Proton Synchrotron in Context of Spot Scanning Proton Therapy

radiation, proton, HOM, simulation

192

Belikhin, M.A. Belikhin, A.P. Chernyaev
MSU, Moscow, Russia
A.A. Pryanichnikov, A.E. Shemyakov
PhTC LPI RAS, Protvino, Russia

Background: Reduction the influence of respiration-induced intrafractional motion of tissues is one of the main tasks of proton therapy with a scanning beam. Repainting is one of the techniques of motion compensation. It consists in multiple repeated irradiations of the entire volume or individual iso-energy layers with a dose that is a multiple of the prescribed dose. As a result, the dose is averaged, which leads to an increase in the uniformity of the dose field. Purpose: Experimental simulation of volume sequential repainting and dosimetric estimation of its capabilities in the context of spot scanning proton therapy (SSPT) using dynamic phantom. Materials and Methods: Simulation of respiration-like translational motion is performed using the non-anthropomorphic water dynamic phantom. Target of this phantom is compatible with EBT-3 films. Estimation of repainting technique is based on the analysis of average dose, dose uniformity in region of interests located within planning target volume, and dose gradients. Results: Repainting was estimated for motion with amplitudes of 2, 5, 10 mm with different number of iterations up to 10 at the prescribed dose of 6 Gy. This one increased the uniformity of the dose field from 85,9% to 96,0% at an amplitude of 10 mm and 10 iterations. Conclusions: Volume repainting improves the uniformity of dose distribution. However, the irradiation time increases, and the dose gradients deteriorate in proportion to the amplitude of motion.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-MOPSA45

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Received ※ 28 September 2021 — Revised ※ 29 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 16 October 2021

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TUPSB52

Measurement of the Argon Ion Current Accompanying at the Accelerating Source of Epithermal Neutrons

proton, tandem-accelerator, high-voltage, neutron

334

Ia.A. Kolesnikov, Y.M. Ostreinov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
P.D. Ponomarev, S. Savinov
BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 19-32-90118.
For the development of a promising method for the treatment of malignant tumors - boron neutron capture therapy - the accelerator-based epithermal neutron source has been proposed and created in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. Argon ions formed during stripping of a beam of negative hydrogen ions to protons are accelerated and, in parallel with the proton beam, are transported along the high-energy beam line of the facility. Depending on the relative number of argon ions, their effect can vary from negligible to significant, requiring their suppression. In this work, the current of argon ions reaching the beam receiver in the horizontal high-energy beam line of the accelerator was measured. It was determined that the argon beam current accompanying the proton beam is 2000 times less than the proton beam current. This makes it possible not to apply the proposed methods of its suppression.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-TUPSB52

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Received ※ 19 September 2021 — Revised ※ 27 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 29 September 2021 — Issued ※ 01 October 2021

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TUPSB53

Measurement of Parameters of Neutron Radiation on the Accelerator-Based Epithermal Neutron Source

neutron, proton, radiation, tandem-accelerator

337

M.I. Bikchurina, D.A. Kasatov, Ia.A. Kolesnikov, K. Martianov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
T.A. Bykov
Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005.
The accelerator-based epithermal neutrons source, proposed and created in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, provides the generation and formation of a neutron flux suitable for testing the boron neutron capture therapy of malignant tumors. The paper presents and discusses the results of studies using activation techniques. Using activation foils from the SWX-1552 kit (Shieldwerx, USA), an iterative grid method for reconstructing the neutron spectrum was tested. It was found that the use of activation foils for determining the spectrum of epithermal neutrons is questionable, since the main part of the interaction falls on the high-energy part of the spectrum, instead of the resonance of the foil. The number of neutrons is equal to the number of activated beryllium-7 nuclei (it has been proven by measurements that beryllium-7 is not sputtered from the lithium layer). The neutron yield was monitored by registering gamma quanta from the 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction. Depending on the number of registered gamma quanta, recalculation was made for the amount of activated beryllium. In this paper it was measured the number of neutrons depending on different geometries, different parameters of the proton beam and target material, there is a good agreement with the theory.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-TUPSB53

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Received ※ 24 September 2021 — Revised ※ 25 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 29 September 2021 — Issued ※ 02 October 2021

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WEPSC16

Numerical Research of Design Solutions for the Bending Magnets of the Electron Beam Facility GESA-1M

electron, simulation, space-charge, site

376

N.I. Kazachenko, E.I. Gapionok, V.P. Kukhtin, I.Yu. Rodin, K.I. Tkachenko
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
D.A. Ovsyannikov, S.E. Sytchevsky
Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Comparative simulations of magnet configurations have been performed searching for the optimum design of bending magnets for the intense pulsed electron beam facility GESA-1M. GESA-1M is used for improvement of material surface properties and is capable to generate a 120 kV, 10 A/cm², 50 mks electron beam with the diameter of 10 cm. One of specific concerns is to prevent the beam path from contamination withμparticles of treated materials. To overcome this problem a system of bending magnets is used. The beam trajectory through electric and magnetic fields was simulated for three candidate configurations of the bending magnets. A comparison was focused on the expected power density and divergence angle at the target. The most efficient concept was found to be two pairs of coils arranged orthogonally to each other. This configuration produces highly uniform distribution of the current density at the target, the divergence angle being as low as several degrees. An important advantage is that the initial beam power can be intensified by a 20% at the target.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC16

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Received ※ 28 September 2021 — Revised ※ 29 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 19 October 2021

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WEPSC29

Diagnostics of the Proton Beam Position Using the Luminescence of a Lithium Neutron-Generating Target

proton, neutron, radiation, tandem-accelerator

396

E.O. Sokolova
Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
A.N. Makarov, S.Yu. Taskaev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
S.Yu. Taskaev
NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 19-32-90119.
An accelerator-based source of epithermal neutrons was proposed and created at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. It consists of a vacuum-insulated tandem accelerator for producing a proton beam and a lithium target for generating neutrons as a result of the 7Li(p, n)7Be threshold reaction. With the use of a video camera and a spectrometer, the luminescence of lithium was registered when the lithium target was irradiated with protons. The recorded emission line 610.3 ± 0.5 nm corresponds to the electronic transition in the lithium atom 1s23d -> 1s22p, and the 670.7 ± 1 nm line corresponds to the 1s22p -> 1s22s transition. Based on the results of the study, the visual diagnostics for operational monitoring of the position and the size of the proton beam on the surface of a lithium target was developed and put into operation. The diagnostics can be applied in the neutron generation mode. The possibility of detecting luminescence made it possible to ensure the reliability of measuring the current of the argon ion beam accompanying the proton beam. When studying the blistering of a metal upon implantation of protons with an energy of 2 MeV, luminescence could lead to an overestimation of the surface temperature measured by a thermal imager.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC29

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Received ※ 12 September 2021 — Revised ※ 23 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 01 October 2021 — Issued ※ 18 October 2021

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WEPSC30

Measurement of the Phase Portrait of a 2 MeV Proton Beam Along Beam Transfer Line

proton, neutron, emittance, focusing

399

T.A. Bykov
Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
Ia.A. Kolesnikov, S.Yu. Taskaev
NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
Ia.A. Kolesnikov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
S. Savinov
BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005.
For the development of boron neutron capture therapy - an accelerator source of epithermal neutrons has been proposed and created at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (Novosibirsk, Russia). For future therapy it is necessary to ensure the transportation of a proton beam in a high-energy beam line at a distance of 10 meters. For this purpose, using a movable diaphragm with a diameter of 1 mm, mounted on a three-dimensional vacuum manipulator, and a wire scanner, the phase portrait of the proton beam was measured. The software for remote control of the movable diaphragm and data processing of the wire scanner was developed. An algorithm for processing a series of measurements was developed to reconstruct the image of the phase portrait of the beam and calculate the emittance. This work describes in detail the features of the measuring devices, control algorithms and data processing. An experiment was carried out to measure the phase portrait and emittance of a proton beam with an energy of 2 MeV and a current of up to 3 mA. A beam of neutral particles was also measured. The effect of a bending magnet on the focusing and emittance of the beam is studied. The invariant normalized emittances calculated from the measured phase portraits make it possible to assert that the beam can be transported over distances of about 10 meters without changes in the current geometry of the high-energy beam line.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC30

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Received ※ 10 September 2021 — Revised ※ 22 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 23 September 2021 — Issued ※ 11 October 2021

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WEPSC31

2D-Tomography of the Proton Beam in the Vacuum Insulated Tandem Accelerator

proton, vacuum, tandem-accelerator, neutron

402

M.I. Bikchurina, Ia.A. Kolesnikov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
S. Savinov
BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005.
For the development of a promising method for the treatment of malignant tumors - boron neutron capture therapy - the accelerator-based epithermal neutron source has been proposed and created in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. If the parameters of the proton beam change (energy and current of the beam, the parameters of the ion-optical system, the parameters of the ion source) - accordingly the conditions for the beam transportation change (its size, angular divergence, and position relative to the axis of the accelerator). For optimal conduction of the beam along the beam line, two-dimensional tomography of the beam can be used: using a cooled diaphragm with a diameter of several millimeters installed on a vacuum three-dimensional motion input and a Faraday cup, fast chord measurements are carried out, on the basis of which the beam profile is restored. The beam profile obtained by this way is somewhat different from the profile obtained by measuring the phase portrait of the beam using a wire scanner*. The advantage of this method is a relatively short time to restore the profile, depending on the diameter of the cooled diaphragm.
* M. Bikchurina, at al. Measurement of the phase portrait and emittance of the proton beam and neutral atoms in the accelerator based epithermal neutrons source. These proceedings.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC31

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Received ※ 21 September 2021 — Revised ※ 29 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 09 October 2021

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WEPSC32

Proton Beam Size Diagnostics Used in the Vacuum Insulated Tandem Accelerator

proton, neutron, tandem-accelerator, vacuum

404

Ia.A. Kolesnikov, M.I. Bikchurina, D.A. Kasatov, A.M. Koshkarev, A.N. Makarov, Y.M. Ostreinov, I.M. Shchudlo, E.O. Sokolova, I.N. Sorokin, S.Yu. Taskaev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
T.A. Bykov
Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
S. Savinov
BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005.
For the development of a promising method for the treatment of malignant tumors - boron neutron capture therapy - the accelerator-based epithermal neutron source has been proposed and created in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. After the acceleration phase, a proton beam with an energy of up to 2.3 MeV and a current of up to 10 mA is transported in a high-energy beam line. With a beam size of 1 cm², its power density can reach tens of kW/cm². Diagnostics of the size of such a powerful beam is a nontrivial task aimed at increasing the reliability of the accelerator. The paper presents such diagnostics as: 1) the use of the blister formation boundary during the implantation of protons into the metal; 2) the use of thermocouples inserted into the lithium target; 3) the use of the melting boundary of the lithium layer when it is irradiated with a beam; 4) the use of the activation of the lithium target by protons; 5) the use of video cameras; 6) the use of an infrared camera; 7) the use of the luminescence effect of lithium when it is irradiated with protons; 8) the use of collimators with a small diameter of 1-2 mm; 9) the use of the method of two-dimensional tomography*.
* M. Bikchurina, et al 2D tomography of the proton beam in the vacuum-insulated tandem accelerator. These proceedings.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC32

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Received ※ 22 September 2021 — Revised ※ 29 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 19 October 2021

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WEPSC33

Increasing Quality of Experiment Interpretation in Real-Time for the Tandem Accelerator

experiment, software, neutron, real-time

407

A.M. Koshkarev, Ia.A. Kolesnikov, A.N. Makarov, S.Yu. Taskaev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
T.A. Bykov, E.O. Sokolova
Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
Ia.A. Kolesnikov, E.O. Sokolova, S.Yu. Taskaev
NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005
Epithermal neutron source based on an electrostatic tandem accelerator of a new type - Vacuum Insulation Tandem Accelerator, and lithium neutron target has been proposed and developed at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy - promising method for treatment of tumors and for other applications. The paper proposes and implements a flexible and customizable method of operational data processing, allowing researchers to obtain and analyze information directly in the experiment without the need for post-processing data. Its use accelerates the process of obtaining informative data during experimental research and automates the analysis process. Also proposed and implemented a process of automatic distributed journaling of the results of the experiment. As a result of the implementation of the proposed tools increased the productivity of the analysis of experimental data and the detailing of the experimental journal. The developed and implemented system of real-time data processing has shown its effectiveness and has become an integral part of the control system, data collection and data storage of the epithermal neutron source.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC33

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Received ※ 01 October 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 14 October 2021

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WEPSC36

Simulation of the Coherent Radiation Interferometry for the Beam Temporal Structure Diagnostics

radiation, detector, simulation, electron

413

D.A. Shkitov, M. Shevelev, S. Stuchebrov, M. Toktaganova
TPU, Tomsk, Russia

Today, free electron lasers and new facilities that are capable of generating sequences of short electron bunches with a high (THz) repetition rate have widely developed. The existing diagnostic methods for such sequences have limitations or are not applicable. Therefore, it is important to develop new approaches to diagnose the temporal structure of such sequences (trains) in modern accelerators. In this report, we describe a model of coherent radiation interferometry using a Michelson interferometer. The mechanisms of transition and diffraction radiation are selected as the radiation source. The model takes into account the finite target size, the parameters of the sequence structure and the detector characteristics. The simulation results allow us to conclude that the analysis of the radiation intensity autocorrelation function itself can be applied as diagnostics method of an arbitrary bunch train temporal structure. Based on such method we can obtain information on the bunch number in the train and the distance between bunches.

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-WEPSC36

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Received ※ 24 September 2021 — Revised ※ 30 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 13 October 2021

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FRB01

Advances in the Development of a Vacuum Insulated Tandem Accelerator and Its Applications

neutron, proton, tandem-accelerator, vacuum

108

S.Yu. Taskaev, A.A. Ivanov, D.A. Kasatov, Ia.A. Kolesnikov, A.N. Makarov, I.M. Shchudlo, I.N. Sorokin
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
T.A. Bykov
Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
A.M. Koshkarev, E.O. Sokolova
NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
G. Ostreinov
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: This research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-72-30005.
A compact accelerator-based neutron source has been proposed and created at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, Russia. An original vacuum insulated tandem accelerator (VITA) is used to provide a proton/deuteron beam. As a result of scientific research and modernization, the power of the ion beam was increased, an operation mode without high-voltage breakdowns was achieved, and the operation of the accelerator in a wide range of changes in the energy and current of ions was ensured. The proton/deuteron beam energy can be varied within a range of 0.6-2.3 MeV, keeping a high-energy stability of 0.1%. The beam current can also be varied in a wide range (from 0.3 mA to 10 mA) with high current stability (0.4%). VITA is used to obtain epithermal neutrons for the development of boron neutron capture therapy, thermal neutrons for the determination of impurities in ITER materials by activation analysis method; fast neutrons for radiation testing of materials; 478 keV photons to measure the 7Li(p, p’g)7Li reaction cross section, etc. VITA is planned to be used for boron imaging with monoenergetic neutron beam, for characterizing of neutron detectors designed for fusion studies, for in-depth investigation of the promising 11B(p, alfa)alfa alfa neutronless fusion reaction, for studying the crystal structure of materials by neutron diffraction, etc.

Slides FRB01 [12.326 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-FRB01

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Received ※ 10 September 2021 — Revised ※ 23 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 29 September 2021 — Issued ※ 15 October 2021

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FRB06

The Results Obtained on "Radiobiological Stand" Facility, Working with the Extracted Carbon Ion Beam of the U-70 Accelerator

experiment, dipole, status, radiation

124

V.A. Pikalov, A.G. Alexeev, Y.M. Antipov, V.A. Kalinin, A.V. Koshelev, A.V. Maximov, M.P. Ovsienko, M.K. Polkovnikov, A.P. Soldatov
IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia

This report provides an information of present status of the "Radiobiological stand" facility at the extracted carbon ions beam of the U-70 accelerator. The results of the development of the RBS facility are presented. A plans for development an experimental medical center for carbon ion therapy on the basis of the U-70 accelerator complex are also reported.

Slides FRB06 [11.249 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-FRB06

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Received ※ 26 September 2021 — Revised ※ 08 October 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 23 October 2021

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FRB07

Transmission Studies With Ion Beams Within FAMA

ion-source, quadrupole, light-ion, experiment

127

Z.M. Jovanovic, R. Balvanovic, M.M. Ćosić, N. Neskovic, I. Teleski
VINCA, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

Funding: Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia.
FAMA is a user facility for materials science with low energy ions beams in the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia. It includes a heavy ion source, a light ion source, two channels for modification of materials, and two channels for analysis of materials. Recently, designing of a channel for transmission studies within FAMA, the C3 channel, has begun. The initially planned studies are related to the rainbow effects with electrostatic very thin lenses (VTLs) and two-dimensional (2D) materials. In the former case, the main aim is to develop a method for generation of narrow ion beams, to be used, for example, in materials science and technology. The main aim in the latter case is to determine precisely the interaction potential of the projectile and target atoms. In both cases, the theoretical basis of the explorations is the theory of crystal rainbows. From the technological point of view, construction and use of the C3 channel includes the following challenges: (i) production and diagnostics of the narrow and parallel ion beams to be directed to the chosen VTLs and 2D materials, (ii) registration of the transmitted ion beams with high resolution 2D position sensitive detectors, (iii) preparation of the 2D materials and maintaining their cleanliness during the measurements, and (iv) providing the ultra-high vacuum conditions in measurements with the 2D materials.

Slides FRB07 [11.209 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-RuPAC2021-FRB07

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Received ※ 27 September 2021 — Revised ※ 01 October 2021 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2021 — Issued ※ 13 October 2021

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