photon

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MO102	Accelerator Layout of the XFEL	linac, electron, site, undulator	2
	R. Brinkmann DESY, Hamburg
	The X-ray Free Electron Laser XFEL is a 4th generation synchrotron radiation facility based on the SASE FEL concept and the superconducting TESLA technology for the linear accelerator. In February 2003 the German government decided that the XFEL should be realized as a European project and located at DESY/Hamburg. The Ministry for Research and Eduation also announced that Germany is prepared to cover half of the investment and personnel costs of the project. This paper gives an overview of the overall layout and parameters of the facility, with emphasis on the accelerator design, technology and physics.
	Transparencies
MOP35	The Research of a Novel SW Accelerating Structure with Small Beam Spot	electron, coupling, focusing, target	114
	X. Yang, H. Chen, Y. Chen, X. Jin, M. Li, H. Lu, Z. Xu CAEP/IAP, Mianyang, Sichuan
	A new kind of on-axis coupled biperiodic standing-wave (SW) accelerating structure has been built for a 9 MeV accelerator. The research progress was introduced in this paper, it includes the choice of the accelerating structure, the analysis of electron beam dynamics, the tuning of the cavity, the measurement of the accelerating tube and the powered test. The small beam spot is the most interesting feature of this accelerating structure, the diameter of the beam spot is 1.4 mm. This accelerator has been used for the x photons generation and the x-ray dose rate is about 3400 rad/min/m.
MOP38	Background from Undulator in the Proposed Experiment with Polarized Positrons	undulator, electron, background, positron	123
	Y.K. Batygin SLAC, Stanford
	E-166 is a proposed experiment for verification of polarized positron production for linear collider. According to polarized positron source design, high energy electrons pass through helical undulator and produce circularly polarized photons, which interact with tungsten target and produce longitudinally polarized positrons. In the proposed E-166 experiment, 50 GeV beam propagates inside 1m long undulator followed by a drift space of 35 m before interaction with target. Polarized positrons are analyzed by Si-W calorimeter, which is placed along the axis. Polarized positrons are analyzed by CsI calorimeter after reconversion of positrons to photons at the second target. Background is an issue for a considered experiment. GEANT3 simulations were performed to model production of secondary particles from primary electrons hitting undulator. Energy density distribution of background particles at the target and effect of background collimation are discussed.
MOP39	Positron Transmission and Polarization in E-166 Experiment	positron, polarization, target, focusing	126
	Y.K. Batygin SLAC, Stanford
	The proposed experiment E-166 at SLAC is designed to demonstrate the possibility of producing longitudinally polarized positrons from circularly polarized photons. Experimental set-up utilizes a low emittance 50 GeV electron beam passing through a helical undulator in the Final Focus Test Beam line of SLAC accelerator. Circularly polarized photons generated by the electron beam in undulator hit a target and produce electron-positron pairs. The purpose of post-target optics is to select the positron beam and to deliver it to a polarimeter keeping positron beam polarization as high as possible. Paper analyzes the positron transmission and polarization both numerically and analytically. The value of positron transmission has a maximum of 3% for positron energy of 7 MeV while positron polarization is around 80%.
MOP45	A Potential Signal for Luminosity Optimisation in CLIC	luminosity, linac, emittance, simulation	144
	D. Schulte CERN, Geneva
	Luminosity optimisation will be challenging in the compact linear collider (CLIC) studied at CERN. In particular, the signals which can be used for luminosity optimisation need to be identified. The strong beam-beam interaction in CLIC will give rise to the emission of a few megawatts of beamstrahlung; this is a potential candidate for such a signal. In this paper luminosity optimisation using the beamstrahlung is attempted for realistically shaped bunches.
TUP97	Some Estimations for Correlation Between the RF Cavity Surface Temperature and Electrical Breakdown Possibility	electron, vacuum, simulation	507
	V.V. Paramonov RAS/INR, Moscow
	The electrical breakdown in accelerating cavities is the complicated phenomenon and depends on many parameters. Some reasons for breakdown can be avoided by appropriate vacuum system design and the cavity surface cleaning. This case, for normal conducting accelerating cavities free electrons - the dark currents due to Fowler-Nordheim emission can be considered as the main reason of possible electrical breakdown. It is known from the practice - the combination of the high electric field at the cavity surface with high surface temperature is the subject for risk in the cavity operation. In this paper the dependence on the surface temperature is considered and 'effective' electric field enhancement is discussed.
THP24	Highly Polarized Electrons from GaAs-GaAsP and InGaAs-AlGaAs Strained Layer Superlattice Photocathodes	cathode, electron, laser, polarization	648
	T. Nakanishi, F. Furuta, M. Kuwahara, K. Naniwa, T. Nishitani, S. Okumi, N. Yamamoto, K. Yasui DOP Nagoya, Nagoya H. Horinaka, T. Matsuyama OPU, Osaka H. Kobayakawa, Y. Takashima, Y. Takeda, O. Watanabe DOE Nagoya, Nagoya-City
	GaAs-GaAsP strained layer superlattice photocathode has been developed for highly polarized electron beams. This cathode achieved a maximum polarization of 92% with a quantum efficiency of 0.5%. Criteria for achieving the highest polarization together with high quantum efficiency using superlattice photocathodes are discussed based on experimental spin-resolved quantum efficiency spectra of GaAs-AlGaAs, InGaAs-AlGaAs and GaAs-GaAsP superlattice structures.
THP46	Cable Insulation Breakdowns in the Modulator with a Switch Mode High Voltage Power Supply	linac, power-supply, simulation, klystron	709
	A. Cours ANL, Argonne, Illinois
	The Advanced Photon Source modulators are PFN-type pulsers with 40 kV switch mode charging power supplies (PSs). The PS and the PFN are connected to each other by 18 feet of high-voltage (HV) cable. Another HV cable connects two separate parts of the PFN. The cables are standard 75 kV x-ray cables. All four cable connectors were designed by the PS manufacturer. Both cables were operating at the same voltage level (about 35 kV). The PS’s output connector has never failed during five years of operation. One of the other three connectors failed approximately five times more often than the others. In order to resolve the failure problem, a transient analysis was performed for all connectors. It was found that transient voltage in the connector that failed most often was subjected to more high-frequency, high-amplitude AC components than the other three connectors. It was thought that these components caused partial discharge in the connector insulation and led to the insulation breakdown. Modification of the PFN eliminated one HV cable and significantly reduced the AC components during the pulse. A connector with higher partial discharge inception voltage was chosen as a replacement.
THP48	A High-Resolution S-band Down-Converting Digital Phase Detector for SASE FEL Use	linac, feedback, simulation, free-electron-laser	715
	A.E. Grelick, N.D. Arnold ANL/APS, Argonne, Illinois J. Carwardine, N. Dimonte, A. Nassiri, T. Smith ANL, Argonne, Illinois
	Each of the rf phase detectors in the Advanced Photon Source linac consists of a module that down converts from S-band to 20 MHz followed by an analog I/Q detector. Phase is calculated from one digitized sample per pulse each of I and Q. The resulting data has excellent long-term stability but is noisy enough so that a number of samples must be averaged to get a usable reading. The more recent requirement to support a SASE FEL has presented the need to accurately resolve the relative phase of a single pulse. Replacing analog detection with digital sampling and replacing internal intermediate frequency reference oscillators with a lower noise external oscillator were used to control the two largest components of noise. The implementation of a central, ultralow noise reference oscillator and a distribution system capable of maintaining the low phase noise is described, together with the results obtained to date. The principal remaining technical issue is determining the processing power required as a function of measurement channels per processor, measured pulse repetition rate, intrapulse data bandwidth, and digital filter characteristics. The options and tradeoffs involved and the present status are discussed.