Cyclotrons2016 - Classification: Cyclotron Applications

Paper	Title	Page
MOB01	Cyclotron Technology and Beam Dynamics for Microbeam Applications	16
	S. Kurashima, H. Kashiwagi, N. Miyawaki, S. Okumura, T. Satoh, K. Yoshida, T. Yuyama QST/Takasaki, Takasaki, Japan M. Fukuda RCNP, Osaka, Japan
	We have been improving a beam quality of the TIARA (Takasaki Ion accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application) cyclotron to form a heavy-ion microbeam with a spot size about 1 μm. The microbeam is used to irradiate such as living cells and semiconductor devices. In order to form the microbeam using focusing lenses, an energy spread on the order of 10^-4 is required to eliminate chromatic aberration in the focusing lenses. A flat-top acceleration system using the fifth-harmonic frequency of the acceleration frequency was installed in the cyclotron to reduce the energy spread. In addition, a new center region, a magnetic field stabilization system and an acceleration phase control technique were developed to provide the microbeam stably for beam users. The energy spread of a 260 MeV Ne beam was reduced to 0.05% by the flat-top acceleration, and the microbeam with a spot size of approximately 1 um was successfully formed. However it takes about 8 h to tune the cyclotron and the focusing lenses. A cocktail beam acceleration technique was introduced to quickly change the microbeam to the other one within 0.5 h, and several microbeams can be used in a beam time as a result.
	Slides MOB01 [26.045 MB]
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MOD01	Design of the Energy Selection System for Proton Therapy Based on GEANT4	30
	Z.K. Liang, W. Chen, X. Liu, J. Zha Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China K.F. Liu, B. Qin HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) has planned to build a proton therapy facility based on an isochronous superconducting cyclotron. The 250 MeV/500 nA proton beam is extracted from a super-conducting cyclotron. To modulate beam energy, an en-ergy selection system is essential in the beam-line. The simulation based on Geant4 has been performed for the energy selection system and its result will be discussed in this paper. This paper introduces the variation rules of the beam parameters including the beam energy, beam emit-tance, energy spread and transmission. The degrader's gap and the twiss parameter are proven to be effective ways to reduce the emittance after degrader.
	Slides MOD01 [2.331 MB]
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MOD02	On the Production of Radioactive Labeled Nanoparticles using a Cyclotron for Oil Consumption Measurements
	S. Jendrzej, S. Barcikowski, B. Gökce Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany A. Kleinrahm, F. Oberdorfer, H. Schweickert ZAG, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
	Short-living radioisotopes synthesized in a cyclotron are predominantly used in nuclear medicine diagnostics and therapy. Although technical applications are less common, radioactively marked materials are of high relevance in wear and oil consumption measurements at engine test stands. The oil consumption was determined in the exhaust steam by labelling the oil with radioactive substances for several decades. This was carried out by a time consuming process via catalytic exchange or individual labelling of each oil fraction. In contrast, easily accessible nanoparticles conjugated with radioisotopes could highly improve the dispersibility in the oil. In this study, 123I-Iodide with a short half life of 13.5 h is generated by proton irradiation of a xenon target at a cyclotron, before halide exchange of benzyl chloride reveals the technical relevant 123I-benzyl iodide, which is conjugated to gold nanoparticles in the oil. These nanoparticles are successfully synthesized by simple and rapid pulsed laser ablation of a gold foil in different viscous olefins. Overall this approach represents a new method for radionuclide imaging of engine oil in combustion engines. Tilbury, Semin. Nucl. Med. 1974, 4 Korres, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2010, 81 Evans, Int. J Appl. Radiat. Is. 1973, 24 Zellbeck, Tribotest 2000, 6 ***Barcikowski, PCCP 2013, 15
	Slides MOD02 [3.221 MB]
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MODM04	Design of the Fast Scanning Magnets for HUST Proton Therapy Facility	42
	X. Liu, W. Chen, Z.K. Liang Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China Q.S. Chen, K.F. Liu, B. Qin HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by Major State Research & Development Program, with grant No. 2016YFC0105305 For implementation of proton therapy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology has planned to construct a 250 MeV/500 nA superconducting cyclotron for proton therapy. In the beam-line, the scanning system spreads out the proton beam on the target according to the complex tumor shape by two magnets for horizontal and vertical scanning independently. As dipole magnets are excited by alternating currents and the maximum repetition rate is up to 100 Hz, the eddy currents are expected to be large. This paper introduces the design of these two scanning magnets and analyzes the eddy current effect. Slits in the end pole are proven to be an effective way to reduce the eddy current. Different directions, distributions and width sizes of slits are simulated and compared to determine the slits arrangement. At last, the maximum temperature of the optimized scanning magnets reaches the temperature requirements.
	Slides MODM04 [2.092 MB]
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MOP12	Fast Scanning Beamline Design Applied to Proton Therapy System Based on Superconducting Cyclotrons	79
	B. Qin, Q.S. Chen, K. Fan, M. Fan, K.F. Liu, P. Tan HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China W. Chen, Z.K. Liang, X. Liu, T. Yu Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by The National Key Research and Development Pro-gram of China, with grant No. 2016YFC0105305 Proton therapy is recognized as one of the most effec-tive radiation therapy method for cancers. The super-conducting cyclotron becomes an optimum choice for delivering high quality CW proton beam with features including compactness, low power consuming and higher extraction efficiency. This paper introduces de-sign considerations of the beamline with fast scanning features for proton therapy system based on supercon-ducting cyclotrons. The beam optics, the energy selec-tion system (ESS) and the gantry beamline will be de-scribed.
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MOP13	Production of F-18 and Tc-99m Radionuclides using an 11 MeV Proton Accelerating Cyclotron	83
	I. Kambali, M. Marlina, P. Parwanto, R. Rajiman, H. Suryanto BATAN, South Tangerang, Indonesia H. Astarina, N. Huda, R.R. Ismuha, K. Kardinah, F.D. Listiawadi Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
	Funding: The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) and National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN) An 11-MeV proton-accelerating cyclotron has been employed to produce F-18 and Tc-99m radionuclides. In this report, F-18 radionuclide was produced from enriched-water target whereas Tc-99m was generated from natural molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) target. Two recoiled radioactive impurities such as Co-56 and Ag-110m are identified in the F-18 solution whereas N-13 was recognized as an impurity in the Tc-99m production. The Co-56 radionuclidic impurity is presumably sputtered off the havar window in the target system whereas Ag-110m is originally from a silver body housing the enriched water target which is generated by secondary neutron irradiated Ag-10⁹. In addition, N-13 impurity found in the post-irradiated MoO3 target occurs presumably via (p,He-4) nuclear reaction.
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MOP14	Study of the Beam Extraction from Superconducting Cyclotron SC200	87
	K.Z. Ding, Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, Y. Chen, Sh. Du, H. Feng, J. Ge, J. Li, Y. Song, Y.H. Xie, J. Zheng ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China O. Karamyshev, G.A. Karamysheva, N.A. Morozov, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	According to the agreement between the Institute of Plasma Physics (ASIPP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Hefei, China, and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia, the project of superconducting isochronous cyclotron for proton therapy SC200 is under development at JINR. The cyclotron will provide acceleration of protons up to 200 MeV with maximum beam current ~1 μA. Extraction system of the beam consists of electrostatic deflector and two passive magnetic channels. Electric field strength in deflector does not exceed 170 kV/cm, gradients of magnetic field in channels are in range 2-4 kG/cm.The first of the channels focusing the beam in horizontal plane is subdivided into four parts. Geometry and magnetic field of two and three bars sub channelsare described. Results of the beam tracking inside extraction system are presented. Efficiency of the beam extraction was estimated for different amplitudes of the betatron oscillations in accelerated beam.
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MOP15	The ISOLPHARM Project for the Production of High Specific Activity Radionuclides for Medical Applications	91
	M. Ballan, A. Andrighetto, F. Borgna, S. Corradetti INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy M. Ballan UNIFE, Ferrara, Italy F. Borgna, N. Realdon Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy A. Duatti Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
	ISOLPHARM is a branch of the INFN-LNL SPES project, aimed at the production of radioisotopes for medical applications according to the ISOL technique. Such an innovative method will allow to obtain radiopharmaceuticals with very high specific activity. In this context a primary proton beam, extracted from a cyclotron will directly impinge a target, where the produced isotopes are extracted and accelerated, and finally, after mass separation, only the desired nuclei are deposed on a secondary target. This work is focused in the design and study of the aforementioned production targets for a selected set of isotopes, in particular for 64Cu, 89Sr, 90Y, 125I and 131I. 64Cu will be produced impinging Ni targets, otherwise the SPES UCx target is planned to be used. Different target configurations are being studied by means of the Monte Carlo based code FLUKA for the isotope production calculation and the Finite Element Method based software ANSYS ® for the temperature level evaluation. An appropriate secondary target substrate for implanting the produced isotopes is under study alongside with a system for its dissolution and repartition into radiopharmaceutical doses. A. Monetti et al., The RIB production target for the SPES project, Eur. Phys. J. A (2015) 51:128
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MOP16	Beam Optics Considerations for Isotope Production at the PSI Cyclotron Facility	95
	H. Zhang, J. Grillenberger, M. Seidel PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The isotope production beam line starts with an electrostatic beam splitter, which peels a beam of a few tens of microamperes from a main beam of high intensity up to 2.4 milliamperes. The beam optics has to be fitted with the specifications such as beam size and intensity for a variety of isotope productions. Due to the parasitic nature of the beam line, the beam optics also has to be adjusted along with an occasional change on the main beam intensity. Aiming at an efficient and reliable isotope production, the beam optics is followed on daily base. The operational experience together with the prospect of future development is presented.
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MOP17	Fast Digital Spectrometer for Neutron Spectroscopy
	A. Jancar, Z. Kopecky VF, a.s., Cerna Hora, Czech Republic F. Cvachovec University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic Z. Matej Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
	A newly developed fast digital spectrometer for neutron spectroscopy is presented. A pulse shape discrimination (PSD) performance of the spectrometer has been evaluated within two experiments with different neutron energies. A modular design of the spectrometer allows a variety of measurements in mixed radiation fields. The detector signal output is connected to an analog input amplifier and split into two channels with a different gain. Each signal channel is digitized by a fast analog digital converter. The digital channels are merged into one composite channel with a higher digital resolution in a wide dynamic range of energies. The experimental measurements of secondary neutrons were carried out in the laboratory of Van de Graaff accelerator and at the Proton Therapy Center in Prague. A detector with liquid scintillator NE-213 was employed in both experiments. Secondary neutrons with maximum kinetic energy of 17 MeV were produced. In a workplace of the Proton Therapy Center, secondary neutrons were generated during the interaction of the primary proton beam of energies in the range of 100 to 200 MeV with a plastic phantom.
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MOP18	Activities for Isotope Sample Production and Radiation Effect Tests at JULIC/COSY Jülich	98
	O. Felden, M. Bai, R. Gebel, R. Hecker FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	At the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) the intermediate energy cyclotron JULIC, used as injector of the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) and COSY itself, have been enabled to perform low to medium current irradiations. Main task is to support the FZJ radionuclide research programme of INM-5. Target holders of the INM-5 were implemented to the external target station of JULIC to obtain reliable irradiations with 45 MeV protons and 76 MeV deuterons for nuclear reaction cross section measurements and medical radionuclide production. For testing of radiation effects, displacement damage DD and single event effects SEE, with energetic protons for electronics used in space and accelerators the beam can be extracted to a dedicated test stand, e.g. used by Fraunhofer INT. To provide these possibilities up to 2.5 GeV as well one external beamline of the cooler synchrotron COSY will be equipped with a new irradiation station and adaption for the dosimetry systems are done. Different dosimetry systems (PTW Farmer® chambers, Bragg Peak chambers, Gafchromic® dosimetry films) are available to monitor and control the ongoing irradiation. This report briefly summarizes the relevant technical activities.
	Poster MOP18 [4.196 MB]
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MOP19	A Diamond Detector Test Bench to Assess the S2C2 Beam Characteristics	102
	J. van de Walle, S. Henrotin, Y. Paradis, I.C. Tkint IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	The fast timing capabilities, compactness, high sensitivity and radiation hardness of diamond detectors make them ideally suited for measurements in the pulsed beam from the S2C2. In this communicaiton, we will present first results obtained on the S2C2 with such a diamond probe and the mechanical design of a dedicated test bench to be used for factory tests. The test bench is able to measure the beam direction, the intensity distribution in the beam, the emittance (with an emittance slit) and the exact moment when the beam is extracted from the S2C2. We are able to measure the frequency at which the protons are extracted from the S2C2 and to observe small (<100 keV) mean energy fluctuations in the extracted beam. All these measurements can be done with extreme low beam intensities so that activation of the S2C2 is highly reduced.
	Poster MOP19 [1.320 MB]
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MOP20	Study of Geant4 Simulation for Cyclotron Radioisotope Production in Various Target Size	105
	S.C. Mun, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, H. Namgoong SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096 The application of radioisotopes in medical radiology is essential for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The fabrication of radioisotopes has main factors that maximize the fabrication yield and minimize the costs. An effective method to solve this problem is that the usage of Monte Carlo simulations before experimental procedure [1]. This paper studies the simulation and presents cyclotron models for the energy 13 MeV with moderate beam intensity are used for production of 11C, 13N, 15O, and 18F isotopes widely applied in positron emission tomography [1]. SKKUCY-13 cyclotrons with high beam intensity are available on the market for production of most medical and industrial isotopes. In this work, the physical and technical parameters of different models are compared. Overall, this confirms the applicability of Monte-Carlo to simulate radionuclide production at 13 MeV proton beam energy.
	Poster MOP20 [1.905 MB]
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MOP21	Test Production of Ti-44 using RFT-30 Cyclotron	108
	E.J. Lee, M.G. Hur, Y.B. Kong KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	RFT-30 30 MeV cyclotron has been developed for the production of radioisotopes and their applications. Fluorine-18, which is a widely-used positron emitter, has been produced regularly since 2015. In addition, research on the production of generator radioisotopes has been performed using this cyclotron. A generator means a device used to extract the positron-emitting daughter radioisotope from a source of the decaying parent radioisotope such as Ti-44 and Ge-68. In this research, gold-coated and natural Sc targets were proton-irradiated in order to produce Ti-44. Gamma spectra of irradiated targets were measured to confirm the production of Ti-44.
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MOE01	Coupling of Cyclotrons to Linacs for Medical Applications	114
	A. Garonna, U. Amaldi, V. Bencini, D. Bergesio, C. Cuccagna, E. Felcini, M. Varasteh Anvar, M. R. Vaziri Sereshk TERA, Novara, Italy
	Cyclotron and Linac technologies cover the vast majority of accelerator solutions applied to medicine. Cyclotrons with beams of H⁺/H⁻ around 20 MeV are found for radioisotope production and cyclotrons with beams up to 250 MeV are widely used for protontherapy. Linacs are present in every medium-sized hospital with electron beams up to 20 MeV for radiotherapy and radioimaging. They have also recently become available as commercial products for protontherapy. The coupling of these two strong technologies enables to expand the capabilities of cyclotrons by using linacs as boosters. This opens the way to innovative accelerator systems allowing both radioisotope production and ion beam therapy (cyclinacs), new treatment techniques (high energy proton therapy) and new imaging techniques (proton radiography). This paper provides an overview of the technical challenges linked to coupling cyclotrons to linacs and the various solutions at hand.
	Slides MOE01 [13.900 MB]
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MOE02	A Multi-leaf Faraday Cup Especially for Proton Therapy of Ocular Tumors	118
	S. Seidel, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, A. Denker, C.S.G. Kunert HZB, Berlin, Germany A. Weber Charite, Berlin, Germany
	In cooperation with the university hospital Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) provides a proton beam used for radiation therapy of intraocular tumors. The protons are accelerated to 68 MeV by an isochronous cyclotron as the main accelerator. The human eye is a very small and complex organ with several critical structures which must be spared from irradiation as much as possible. Hence radiation therapy with protons is especially convenient due to their well-defined Bragg peak. At the HZB the distal fall off (the distance between 90% and 10% of the dose level) is less than 1 mm in water. Therefore it is crucial to measure the energy and maximum range of the beam with the corresponding high accuracy. A Multi-Leaf Faraday Cup (MLFC) allows a quick and precise range-measurement of proton beams. We present a MLFC which meets those special requirements of the eye tumor therapy. Results of range-measurements in different energy regions revealing the achievable submillimeter precession are shown; and examples for applications in radiation hardness testing are given.
	Slides MOE02 [2.082 MB]
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TUA01	Offline Tests with the NSCL Cyclotron Gas Stopper	121
	S. Schwarz, K.R. Lund, D.J. Morrissey, J. Ottarson, C. Sumithrarachchi NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA G. Bollen, S. Chouhan, J. DeKamp, M.A. Green, C. Magsig, A.C.C. Villari, A.F. Zeller FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA G. Bollen MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by NSF under grants PHY-09-58726 and PHY-11-02511 Rare isotopes are produced at the NSCL by projectile fragmentation at energies of ~100 MeV/u. The NSCL has successfully used linear gas stopping cells for more than a decade to decelerate projectile fragments to the keV range; first for experiments at low-energy and more recently for reacceleration. A novel reverse-cyclotron has been constructed by the NSCL based on a superconducting sectored-cyclotron magnet and LN2-cooled He gas to confine and slow down the fragments. Efficient stopping is predicted even for light ions that are difficult to thermalize in linear gas cells. The thermalized ions are transported to the center by a radial RF-carpet system, extracted through the yoke with an ion conveyor and accelerated to <60 keV for delivery to users. Measured field profiles have confirmed field calculations. The cryogenic beam-stopping chamber has been installed inside the magnet. The RF ion-guiding components have been tested successfully offline and are being prepared for low-energy ion-transport tests inside the magnet. A summary of the expected performance, the status of the machine, and results from recent low-energy transport tests will be presented.
	Slides TUA01 [3.816 MB]
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TUB01	Long-lived Fission Product Transmutation
	H. Sakurai RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
	In this talk, I would like to introduce recent activities of applications at the RIKEN heavy-ion cyclotron facility RIBF. Special emphasis would be given to an activity of nuclear reaction study for long-lived fission product (LLFP) in high-level radioactive wastes produced at nuclear power reactors(). Also the other application activity of medical-use radioactive isotope production, for example At-211, would be introduced. H. Wang et al., Phys. Lett. B 754, 104-108, 2016)*
	Slides TUB01 [2.549 MB]
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TUD01	Compact Medical Cyclotrons and their use for Radioisotope Production and Multi-disciplinary Research	229
	S. Braccini LHEP, Bern, Switzerland
	Compact medical cyclotrons are conceived for radioisotope production in a hospital-based environment. Their design in terms of field shape, stability and RF is aimed at obtaining high intensity (~150 microamps) beams at kinetic energies of the order of 20 MeV. To guarantee high performances, an optimization procedure during the commissioning phase is crucial as well as a regular preventive maintenance. Beyond radioisotope production, these accelerators can be the heart of a multi-disciplinary research facility once access to the beam area and beams down to the pA range are possible. The first requirement can be achieved by means of an external beam transport line, which leads the beam to a second bunker with independent access. Currents down to the pA range can be obtained by specific ion source, RF and magnetic field tuning procedures, opening the way to nuclear and detector physics, radiation protection, radiation bio-physics and ion beam analysis developments. On the basis of the experience gained with the cyclotron at the Bern University Hospital, the accelerator physics aspects of compact medical cyclotrons will be discussed together with their scientific potential.
	Slides TUD01 [15.033 MB]
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TUD02	Studies and Upgrades on the C70 Cyclotron Arronax	235
	F. Poirier, F. Bulteau-harel, J.B. Etienne, S. Girault, X. Goiziou, F. Gomez, A. Herbert, C. Huet, L. Lamouric, E. Mace, D. Poyac, H. Trichet Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France S. Girault, F. Poirier CNRS - DR17, RENNES, France C. Huet EMN, Nantes, France E. Mace INSERM, Nantes, France
	Funding: This work has been supported in part by a grant from the French National Agency for Research called "Investissements d'Avenir", Equipex ArronaxPlus n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004. The multi-particle cyclotron C70 Arronax is fully running since 2010 and its RF run time has increased up to 4400 hours in 2015. The accelerator is used for a wide variety of experiments (physics cross-sections, radiolysis, radiobiology) and radio-isotope productions. This requires runs with 7 orders of intensity range from a few pA up to 350 μA and a large range of particles energy. Machine and beamline studies are continuously needed. For example magnet intensity scan inside the cyclotron and in the beamlines, respectively with compensation coils and the quadrupoles have been done. These scans caracterise performances of the machine and help both operations and mitigation of particle losses. Additionally beam loss monitors and control systems are being devised to support further the high intensity and precision requirements on the runs. Also a pulsed train alpha beam system located in the injection has been designed. The proof of principle with a dedicated run has been performed. The results of the machine studies and status of these developments are presented in this paper.
	Slides TUD02 [2.746 MB]
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TUD03	Development of the Cyclone® Kiube: A Compact, High Performance and Self-Shielded Cyclotron for Radioisotope Production	238
	B. Nactergal, M. Abs, S. De Neuter, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E.K. Kral, V. Nuttens, S. Zaremba, J. van de Walle IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	About 15 months ago, at IBA, we have launched the design, construction, tests and industrialization of an innovative isochronous cyclotron for PET isotope production (patent applications pending). The design has been optimized for cost effectiveness, compactness, ease of maintenance, activation reduction and high performances, with a particular emphasis on its application on market. Multiple target stations can be placed around the vacuum chamber. An innovative extraction method (patent applications pending) has been designed which allows to obtain the same extracted beam sizes and properties on the target window independent of the target position.
	Slides TUD03 [2.687 MB]
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TUD04	BEST 70P Cyclotron Commissioning at INFN LN Legnaro	241
	V. Sabaiduc, M. Carlson, D. Du, T. Evans, L. AC. Piazza, V. Ryjkov, I. Tarnopolski, P. Zanetti Best Theratronics Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada T. Boiesan, R.R. Johnson, W. Stazyk, K. Suthanthiran, S. Talmor, J. Zhu BCSI, Vancouver, Canada
	Best Cyclotron Systems Inc (BCSI) designed and manufactured a 70 MeV compact cyclotron for radioisotope production and research applications. The cyclotron has been build at Best Theratronics facility in Ottawa, Canada for the INFN-LNL laboratory in Legnaro, Italy. The cyclotron has external negative hydrogen ion source, four radial sectors with two separated dees in opposite valleys, cryogenic vacuum system and simultaneous beam extraction on opposite lines. The beam intensity is 700 microamps with variable extraction energy between 35 and 70 MeV. The beam commissioning performances at the customer site are reported.
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FRB01	Cyclotrons and Superconducting Linacs as High Intensity Driver Accelerators
	M. Seidel PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	High intensity proton driver accelerators are utilized for applications in particle physics, for the production of neutrons and muons, but also for accelerator driven subcritical systems. In particular superconducting linacs and large isochronous cyclotrons provide the potential to generate continuous Megawatt class beams. The talk discusses a number of aspects for both concepts, including parameter reach, reliability and trip rate, technical and operational challanges, economy.
	Slides FRB01 [2.991 MB]
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FRB02	Stable and Exotic Beams Produced at GANIL	398
	O. Kamalou, F. Chautard, A. Savalle GANIL, Caen, France
	The GANIL facility (Grand Accélérateur National dÂ’Ions Lourds) at Caen produces and accelerates stable ion beams since 1982 for nuclear physics, atomic physics, and radiobiology and material irradiation. Nowadays, an intense exotic beam is produced by the Isotope Separation On-Line method at the SPIRAL1 facility (being upgraded to extend the range of radioactive ions) or by fragmentation using LISE spectrometer. The review of the operation from 2001 to 2016 will be presented, with a focus on last year achievements and difficulties.
	Slides FRB02 [7.220 MB]
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FRB03	Proton Radiography Experiment Based on a 100 MeV Proton Cyclotron	401
	J.J. Yang, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, Z.G. Li, Y.L. Lv, F. Wang, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, S.P. Zhang, T.J. Zhang, Y.W. Zhang, X. Zhen CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A proof-of-principle test-stand for proton radiography is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). This test-stand will utilize the 100 MeV proton beam provided by the compact cyclotron CYCIAE-100, which has been built in the year of 2014, to radiograph thin static objects. The assembling of the test-stand components is finished by now. We will carry out the first proton radiography experiment in this July and hopefully we can get the first image before the opening of this conference. In this paper, the designing, constructing and commissioning of the proton radiography system will be described and the experiment result will be presented and discussed.
	Slides FRB03 [2.764 MB]
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Paper

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Cyclotron Technology and Beam Dynamics for Microbeam Applications

16

S. Kurashima, H. Kashiwagi, N. Miyawaki, S. Okumura, T. Satoh, K. Yoshida, T. Yuyama
QST/Takasaki, Takasaki, Japan
M. Fukuda
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

We have been improving a beam quality of the TIARA (Takasaki Ion accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application) cyclotron to form a heavy-ion microbeam with a spot size about 1 μm. The microbeam is used to irradiate such as living cells and semiconductor devices. In order to form the microbeam using focusing lenses, an energy spread on the order of 10^-4 is required to eliminate chromatic aberration in the focusing lenses. A flat-top acceleration system using the fifth-harmonic frequency of the acceleration frequency was installed in the cyclotron to reduce the energy spread. In addition, a new center region, a magnetic field stabilization system and an acceleration phase control technique were developed to provide the microbeam stably for beam users. The energy spread of a 260 MeV Ne beam was reduced to 0.05% by the flat-top acceleration, and the microbeam with a spot size of approximately 1 um was successfully formed. However it takes about 8 h to tune the cyclotron and the focusing lenses. A cocktail beam acceleration technique was introduced to quickly change the microbeam to the other one within 0.5 h, and several microbeams can be used in a beam time as a result.

Slides MOB01 [26.045 MB]

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MOD01

Design of the Energy Selection System for Proton Therapy Based on GEANT4

30

Z.K. Liang, W. Chen, X. Liu, J. Zha
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China
K.F. Liu, B. Qin
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) has planned to build a proton therapy facility based on an isochronous superconducting cyclotron. The 250 MeV/500 nA proton beam is extracted from a super-conducting cyclotron. To modulate beam energy, an en-ergy selection system is essential in the beam-line. The simulation based on Geant4 has been performed for the energy selection system and its result will be discussed in this paper. This paper introduces the variation rules of the beam parameters including the beam energy, beam emit-tance, energy spread and transmission. The degrader's gap and the twiss parameter are proven to be effective ways to reduce the emittance after degrader.

Slides MOD01 [2.331 MB]

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MOD02

On the Production of Radioactive Labeled Nanoparticles using a Cyclotron for Oil Consumption Measurements

S. Jendrzej, S. Barcikowski, B. Gökce
Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
A. Kleinrahm, F. Oberdorfer, H. Schweickert
ZAG, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

Short-living radioisotopes synthesized in a cyclotron are predominantly used in nuclear medicine diagnostics and therapy. Although technical applications are less common, radioactively marked materials are of high relevance in wear and oil consumption measurements at engine test stands. The oil consumption was determined in the exhaust steam by labelling the oil with radioactive substances for several decades. This was carried out by a time consuming process via catalytic exchange or individual labelling of each oil fraction. In contrast, easily accessible nanoparticles conjugated with radioisotopes could highly improve the dispersibility in the oil. In this study, 123I-Iodide with a short half life of 13.5 h is generated by proton irradiation of a xenon target at a cyclotron, before halide exchange of benzyl chloride reveals the technical relevant 123I-benzyl iodide, which is conjugated to gold nanoparticles in the oil. These nanoparticles are successfully synthesized by simple and rapid pulsed laser ablation of a gold foil in different viscous olefins. Overall this approach represents a new method for radionuclide imaging of engine oil in combustion engines.
*Tilbury, Semin. Nucl. Med. 1974, 4
**Korres, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2010, 81
***Evans, Int. J Appl. Radiat. Is. 1973, 24
****Zellbeck, Tribotest 2000, 6
*****Barcikowski, PCCP 2013, 15

Slides MOD02 [3.221 MB]

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MODM04

Design of the Fast Scanning Magnets for HUST Proton Therapy Facility

42

X. Liu, W. Chen, Z.K. Liang
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China
Q.S. Chen, K.F. Liu, B. Qin
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by Major State Research & Development Program, with grant No. 2016YFC0105305
For implementation of proton therapy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology has planned to construct a 250 MeV/500 nA superconducting cyclotron for proton therapy. In the beam-line, the scanning system spreads out the proton beam on the target according to the complex tumor shape by two magnets for horizontal and vertical scanning independently. As dipole magnets are excited by alternating currents and the maximum repetition rate is up to 100 Hz, the eddy currents are expected to be large. This paper introduces the design of these two scanning magnets and analyzes the eddy current effect. Slits in the end pole are proven to be an effective way to reduce the eddy current. Different directions, distributions and width sizes of slits are simulated and compared to determine the slits arrangement. At last, the maximum temperature of the optimized scanning magnets reaches the temperature requirements.

Slides MODM04 [2.092 MB]

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MOP12

Fast Scanning Beamline Design Applied to Proton Therapy System Based on Superconducting Cyclotrons

79

B. Qin, Q.S. Chen, K. Fan, M. Fan, K.F. Liu, P. Tan
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
W. Chen, Z.K. Liang, X. Liu, T. Yu
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by The National Key Research and Development Pro-gram of China, with grant No. 2016YFC0105305
Proton therapy is recognized as one of the most effec-tive radiation therapy method for cancers. The super-conducting cyclotron becomes an optimum choice for delivering high quality CW proton beam with features including compactness, low power consuming and higher extraction efficiency. This paper introduces de-sign considerations of the beamline with fast scanning features for proton therapy system based on supercon-ducting cyclotrons. The beam optics, the energy selec-tion system (ESS) and the gantry beamline will be de-scribed.

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MOP13

Production of F-18 and Tc-99m Radionuclides using an 11 MeV Proton Accelerating Cyclotron

83

I. Kambali, M. Marlina, P. Parwanto, R. Rajiman, H. Suryanto
BATAN, South Tangerang, Indonesia
H. Astarina, N. Huda, R.R. Ismuha, K. Kardinah, F.D. Listiawadi
Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

Funding: The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) and National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN)
An 11-MeV proton-accelerating cyclotron has been employed to produce F-18 and Tc-99m radionuclides. In this report, F-18 radionuclide was produced from enriched-water target whereas Tc-99m was generated from natural molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) target. Two recoiled radioactive impurities such as Co-56 and Ag-110m are identified in the F-18 solution whereas N-13 was recognized as an impurity in the Tc-99m production. The Co-56 radionuclidic impurity is presumably sputtered off the havar window in the target system whereas Ag-110m is originally from a silver body housing the enriched water target which is generated by secondary neutron irradiated Ag-10⁹. In addition, N-13 impurity found in the post-irradiated MoO3 target occurs presumably via (p,He-4) nuclear reaction.

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MOP14

Study of the Beam Extraction from Superconducting Cyclotron SC200

87

K.Z. Ding, Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, Y. Chen, Sh. Du, H. Feng, J. Ge, J. Li, Y. Song, Y.H. Xie, J. Zheng
ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
O. Karamyshev, G.A. Karamysheva, N.A. Morozov, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

According to the agreement between the Institute of Plasma Physics (ASIPP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Hefei, China, and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia, the project of superconducting isochronous cyclotron for proton therapy SC200 is under development at JINR. The cyclotron will provide acceleration of protons up to 200 MeV with maximum beam current ~1 μA. Extraction system of the beam consists of electrostatic deflector and two passive magnetic channels. Electric field strength in deflector does not exceed 170 kV/cm, gradients of magnetic field in channels are in range 2-4 kG/cm.The first of the channels focusing the beam in horizontal plane is subdivided into four parts. Geometry and magnetic field of two and three bars sub channelsare described. Results of the beam tracking inside extraction system are presented. Efficiency of the beam extraction was estimated for different amplitudes of the betatron oscillations in accelerated beam.

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MOP15

The ISOLPHARM Project for the Production of High Specific Activity Radionuclides for Medical Applications

91

M. Ballan, A. Andrighetto, F. Borgna, S. Corradetti
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
M. Ballan
UNIFE, Ferrara, Italy
F. Borgna, N. Realdon
Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
A. Duatti
Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

ISOLPHARM is a branch of the INFN-LNL SPES project*, aimed at the production of radioisotopes for medical applications according to the ISOL technique. Such an innovative method will allow to obtain radiopharmaceuticals with very high specific activity. In this context a primary proton beam, extracted from a cyclotron will directly impinge a target, where the produced isotopes are extracted and accelerated, and finally, after mass separation, only the desired nuclei are deposed on a secondary target. This work is focused in the design and study of the aforementioned production targets for a selected set of isotopes, in particular for 64Cu, 89Sr, 90Y, 125I and 131I. 64Cu will be produced impinging Ni targets, otherwise the SPES UCx target is planned to be used. Different target configurations are being studied by means of the Monte Carlo based code FLUKA for the isotope production calculation and the Finite Element Method based software ANSYS ® for the temperature level evaluation. An appropriate secondary target substrate for implanting the produced isotopes is under study alongside with a system for its dissolution and repartition into radiopharmaceutical doses.
* A. Monetti et al., The RIB production target for the SPES project, Eur. Phys. J. A (2015) 51:128

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MOP16

Beam Optics Considerations for Isotope Production at the PSI Cyclotron Facility

95

H. Zhang, J. Grillenberger, M. Seidel
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The isotope production beam line starts with an electrostatic beam splitter, which peels a beam of a few tens of microamperes from a main beam of high intensity up to 2.4 milliamperes. The beam optics has to be fitted with the specifications such as beam size and intensity for a variety of isotope productions. Due to the parasitic nature of the beam line, the beam optics also has to be adjusted along with an occasional change on the main beam intensity. Aiming at an efficient and reliable isotope production, the beam optics is followed on daily base. The operational experience together with the prospect of future development is presented.

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MOP17

Fast Digital Spectrometer for Neutron Spectroscopy

A. Jancar, Z. Kopecky
VF, a.s., Cerna Hora, Czech Republic
F. Cvachovec
University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic
Z. Matej
Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

A newly developed fast digital spectrometer for neutron spectroscopy is presented. A pulse shape discrimination (PSD) performance of the spectrometer has been evaluated within two experiments with different neutron energies. A modular design of the spectrometer allows a variety of measurements in mixed radiation fields. The detector signal output is connected to an analog input amplifier and split into two channels with a different gain. Each signal channel is digitized by a fast analog digital converter. The digital channels are merged into one composite channel with a higher digital resolution in a wide dynamic range of energies. The experimental measurements of secondary neutrons were carried out in the laboratory of Van de Graaff accelerator and at the Proton Therapy Center in Prague. A detector with liquid scintillator NE-213 was employed in both experiments. Secondary neutrons with maximum kinetic energy of 17 MeV were produced. In a workplace of the Proton Therapy Center, secondary neutrons were generated during the interaction of the primary proton beam of energies in the range of 100 to 200 MeV with a plastic phantom.

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MOP18

Activities for Isotope Sample Production and Radiation Effect Tests at JULIC/COSY Jülich

98

O. Felden, M. Bai, R. Gebel, R. Hecker
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

At the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) the intermediate energy cyclotron JULIC, used as injector of the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) and COSY itself, have been enabled to perform low to medium current irradiations. Main task is to support the FZJ radionuclide research programme of INM-5. Target holders of the INM-5 were implemented to the external target station of JULIC to obtain reliable irradiations with 45 MeV protons and 76 MeV deuterons for nuclear reaction cross section measurements and medical radionuclide production. For testing of radiation effects, displacement damage DD and single event effects SEE, with energetic protons for electronics used in space and accelerators the beam can be extracted to a dedicated test stand, e.g. used by Fraunhofer INT. To provide these possibilities up to 2.5 GeV as well one external beamline of the cooler synchrotron COSY will be equipped with a new irradiation station and adaption for the dosimetry systems are done. Different dosimetry systems (PTW Farmer® chambers, Bragg Peak chambers, Gafchromic® dosimetry films) are available to monitor and control the ongoing irradiation. This report briefly summarizes the relevant technical activities.

Poster MOP18 [4.196 MB]

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MOP19

A Diamond Detector Test Bench to Assess the S2C2 Beam Characteristics

102

J. van de Walle, S. Henrotin, Y. Paradis, I.C. Tkint
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

The fast timing capabilities, compactness, high sensitivity and radiation hardness of diamond detectors make them ideally suited for measurements in the pulsed beam from the S2C2. In this communicaiton, we will present first results obtained on the S2C2 with such a diamond probe and the mechanical design of a dedicated test bench to be used for factory tests. The test bench is able to measure the beam direction, the intensity distribution in the beam, the emittance (with an emittance slit) and the exact moment when the beam is extracted from the S2C2. We are able to measure the frequency at which the protons are extracted from the S2C2 and to observe small (<100 keV) mean energy fluctuations in the extracted beam. All these measurements can be done with extreme low beam intensities so that activation of the S2C2 is highly reduced.

Poster MOP19 [1.320 MB]

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MOP20

Study of Geant4 Simulation for Cyclotron Radioisotope Production in Various Target Size

105

S.C. Mun, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, H. Namgoong
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Funding: NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096
The application of radioisotopes in medical radiology is essential for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The fabrication of radioisotopes has main factors that maximize the fabrication yield and minimize the costs. An effective method to solve this problem is that the usage of Monte Carlo simulations before experimental procedure [1]. This paper studies the simulation and presents cyclotron models for the energy 13 MeV with moderate beam intensity are used for production of 11C, 13N, 15O, and 18F isotopes widely applied in positron emission tomography [1]. SKKUCY-13 cyclotrons with high beam intensity are available on the market for production of most medical and industrial isotopes. In this work, the physical and technical parameters of different models are compared. Overall, this confirms the applicability of Monte-Carlo to simulate radionuclide production at 13 MeV proton beam energy.

Poster MOP20 [1.905 MB]

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MOP21

Test Production of Ti-44 using RFT-30 Cyclotron

108

E.J. Lee, M.G. Hur, Y.B. Kong
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

RFT-30 30 MeV cyclotron has been developed for the production of radioisotopes and their applications. Fluorine-18, which is a widely-used positron emitter, has been produced regularly since 2015. In addition, research on the production of generator radioisotopes has been performed using this cyclotron. A generator means a device used to extract the positron-emitting daughter radioisotope from a source of the decaying parent radioisotope such as Ti-44 and Ge-68. In this research, gold-coated and natural Sc targets were proton-irradiated in order to produce Ti-44. Gamma spectra of irradiated targets were measured to confirm the production of Ti-44.

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MOE01

Coupling of Cyclotrons to Linacs for Medical Applications

114

A. Garonna, U. Amaldi, V. Bencini, D. Bergesio, C. Cuccagna, E. Felcini, M. Varasteh Anvar, M. R. Vaziri Sereshk
TERA, Novara, Italy

Cyclotron and Linac technologies cover the vast majority of accelerator solutions applied to medicine. Cyclotrons with beams of H⁺/H⁻ around 20 MeV are found for radioisotope production and cyclotrons with beams up to 250 MeV are widely used for protontherapy. Linacs are present in every medium-sized hospital with electron beams up to 20 MeV for radiotherapy and radioimaging. They have also recently become available as commercial products for protontherapy. The coupling of these two strong technologies enables to expand the capabilities of cyclotrons by using linacs as boosters. This opens the way to innovative accelerator systems allowing both radioisotope production and ion beam therapy (cyclinacs), new treatment techniques (high energy proton therapy) and new imaging techniques (proton radiography). This paper provides an overview of the technical challenges linked to coupling cyclotrons to linacs and the various solutions at hand.

Slides MOE01 [13.900 MB]

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MOE02

A Multi-leaf Faraday Cup Especially for Proton Therapy of Ocular Tumors

118

S. Seidel, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, A. Denker, C.S.G. Kunert
HZB, Berlin, Germany
A. Weber
Charite, Berlin, Germany

In cooperation with the university hospital Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) provides a proton beam used for radiation therapy of intraocular tumors. The protons are accelerated to 68 MeV by an isochronous cyclotron as the main accelerator. The human eye is a very small and complex organ with several critical structures which must be spared from irradiation as much as possible. Hence radiation therapy with protons is especially convenient due to their well-defined Bragg peak. At the HZB the distal fall off (the distance between 90% and 10% of the dose level) is less than 1 mm in water. Therefore it is crucial to measure the energy and maximum range of the beam with the corresponding high accuracy. A Multi-Leaf Faraday Cup (MLFC) allows a quick and precise range-measurement of proton beams. We present a MLFC which meets those special requirements of the eye tumor therapy. Results of range-measurements in different energy regions revealing the achievable submillimeter precession are shown; and examples for applications in radiation hardness testing are given.

Slides MOE02 [2.082 MB]

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TUA01

Offline Tests with the NSCL Cyclotron Gas Stopper

121

S. Schwarz, K.R. Lund, D.J. Morrissey, J. Ottarson, C. Sumithrarachchi
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
G. Bollen, S. Chouhan, J. DeKamp, M.A. Green, C. Magsig, A.C.C. Villari, A.F. Zeller
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
G. Bollen
MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: This work is supported by NSF under grants PHY-09-58726 and PHY-11-02511
Rare isotopes are produced at the NSCL by projectile fragmentation at energies of ~100 MeV/u. The NSCL has successfully used linear gas stopping cells for more than a decade to decelerate projectile fragments to the keV range; first for experiments at low-energy and more recently for reacceleration. A novel reverse-cyclotron has been constructed by the NSCL based on a superconducting sectored-cyclotron magnet and LN2-cooled He gas to confine and slow down the fragments. Efficient stopping is predicted even for light ions that are difficult to thermalize in linear gas cells. The thermalized ions are transported to the center by a radial RF-carpet system, extracted through the yoke with an ion conveyor and accelerated to <60 keV for delivery to users. Measured field profiles have confirmed field calculations. The cryogenic beam-stopping chamber has been installed inside the magnet. The RF ion-guiding components have been tested successfully offline and are being prepared for low-energy ion-transport tests inside the magnet. A summary of the expected performance, the status of the machine, and results from recent low-energy transport tests will be presented.

Slides TUA01 [3.816 MB]

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TUB01

Long-lived Fission Product Transmutation

H. Sakurai
RIKEN, Saitama, Japan

In this talk, I would like to introduce recent activities of applications at the RIKEN heavy-ion cyclotron facility RIBF. Special emphasis would be given to an activity of nuclear reaction study for long-lived fission product (LLFP) in high-level radioactive wastes produced at nuclear power reactors(*). Also the other application activity of medical-use radioactive isotope production, for example At-211, would be introduced.
H. Wang et al., Phys. Lett. B 754, 104-108, 2016)

Slides TUB01 [2.549 MB]

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TUD01

Compact Medical Cyclotrons and their use for Radioisotope Production and Multi-disciplinary Research

229

S. Braccini
LHEP, Bern, Switzerland

Compact medical cyclotrons are conceived for radioisotope production in a hospital-based environment. Their design in terms of field shape, stability and RF is aimed at obtaining high intensity (~150 microamps) beams at kinetic energies of the order of 20 MeV. To guarantee high performances, an optimization procedure during the commissioning phase is crucial as well as a regular preventive maintenance. Beyond radioisotope production, these accelerators can be the heart of a multi-disciplinary research facility once access to the beam area and beams down to the pA range are possible. The first requirement can be achieved by means of an external beam transport line, which leads the beam to a second bunker with independent access. Currents down to the pA range can be obtained by specific ion source, RF and magnetic field tuning procedures, opening the way to nuclear and detector physics, radiation protection, radiation bio-physics and ion beam analysis developments. On the basis of the experience gained with the cyclotron at the Bern University Hospital, the accelerator physics aspects of compact medical cyclotrons will be discussed together with their scientific potential.

Slides TUD01 [15.033 MB]

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TUD02

Studies and Upgrades on the C70 Cyclotron Arronax

235

F. Poirier, F. Bulteau-harel, J.B. Etienne, S. Girault, X. Goiziou, F. Gomez, A. Herbert, C. Huet, L. Lamouric, E. Mace, D. Poyac, H. Trichet
Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
S. Girault, F. Poirier
CNRS - DR17, RENNES, France
C. Huet
EMN, Nantes, France
E. Mace
INSERM, Nantes, France

Funding: This work has been supported in part by a grant from the French National Agency for Research called "Investissements d'Avenir", Equipex ArronaxPlus n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004.
The multi-particle cyclotron C70 Arronax is fully running since 2010 and its RF run time has increased up to 4400 hours in 2015. The accelerator is used for a wide variety of experiments (physics cross-sections, radiolysis, radiobiology) and radio-isotope productions. This requires runs with 7 orders of intensity range from a few pA up to 350 μA and a large range of particles energy. Machine and beamline studies are continuously needed. For example magnet intensity scan inside the cyclotron and in the beamlines, respectively with compensation coils and the quadrupoles have been done. These scans caracterise performances of the machine and help both operations and mitigation of particle losses. Additionally beam loss monitors and control systems are being devised to support further the high intensity and precision requirements on the runs. Also a pulsed train alpha beam system located in the injection has been designed. The proof of principle with a dedicated run has been performed. The results of the machine studies and status of these developments are presented in this paper.

Slides TUD02 [2.746 MB]

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TUD03

Development of the Cyclone® Kiube: A Compact, High Performance and Self-Shielded Cyclotron for Radioisotope Production

238

B. Nactergal, M. Abs, S. De Neuter, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E.K. Kral, V. Nuttens, S. Zaremba, J. van de Walle
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

About 15 months ago, at IBA, we have launched the design, construction, tests and industrialization of an innovative isochronous cyclotron for PET isotope production (patent applications pending). The design has been optimized for cost effectiveness, compactness, ease of maintenance, activation reduction and high performances, with a particular emphasis on its application on market. Multiple target stations can be placed around the vacuum chamber. An innovative extraction method (patent applications pending) has been designed which allows to obtain the same extracted beam sizes and properties on the target window independent of the target position.

Slides TUD03 [2.687 MB]

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TUD04

BEST 70P Cyclotron Commissioning at INFN LN Legnaro

241

V. Sabaiduc, M. Carlson, D. Du, T. Evans, L. AC. Piazza, V. Ryjkov, I. Tarnopolski, P. Zanetti
Best Theratronics Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
T. Boiesan, R.R. Johnson, W. Stazyk, K. Suthanthiran, S. Talmor, J. Zhu
BCSI, Vancouver, Canada

Best Cyclotron Systems Inc (BCSI) designed and manufactured a 70 MeV compact cyclotron for radioisotope production and research applications. The cyclotron has been build at Best Theratronics facility in Ottawa, Canada for the INFN-LNL laboratory in Legnaro, Italy. The cyclotron has external negative hydrogen ion source, four radial sectors with two separated dees in opposite valleys, cryogenic vacuum system and simultaneous beam extraction on opposite lines. The beam intensity is 700 microamps with variable extraction energy between 35 and 70 MeV. The beam commissioning performances at the customer site are reported.

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FRB01

Cyclotrons and Superconducting Linacs as High Intensity Driver Accelerators

M. Seidel
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

High intensity proton driver accelerators are utilized for applications in particle physics, for the production of neutrons and muons, but also for accelerator driven subcritical systems. In particular superconducting linacs and large isochronous cyclotrons provide the potential to generate continuous Megawatt class beams. The talk discusses a number of aspects for both concepts, including parameter reach, reliability and trip rate, technical and operational challanges, economy.

Slides FRB01 [2.991 MB]

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FRB02

Stable and Exotic Beams Produced at GANIL

398

O. Kamalou, F. Chautard, A. Savalle
GANIL, Caen, France

The GANIL facility (Grand Accélérateur National dÂ’Ions Lourds) at Caen produces and accelerates stable ion beams since 1982 for nuclear physics, atomic physics, and radiobiology and material irradiation. Nowadays, an intense exotic beam is produced by the Isotope Separation On-Line method at the SPIRAL1 facility (being upgraded to extend the range of radioactive ions) or by fragmentation using LISE spectrometer. The review of the operation from 2001 to 2016 will be presented, with a focus on last year achievements and difficulties.

Slides FRB02 [7.220 MB]

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FRB03

Proton Radiography Experiment Based on a 100 MeV Proton Cyclotron

401

J.J. Yang, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, Z.G. Li, Y.L. Lv, F. Wang, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, S.P. Zhang, T.J. Zhang, Y.W. Zhang, X. Zhen
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A proof-of-principle test-stand for proton radiography is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). This test-stand will utilize the 100 MeV proton beam provided by the compact cyclotron CYCIAE-100, which has been built in the year of 2014, to radiograph thin static objects. The assembling of the test-stand components is finished by now. We will carry out the first proton radiography experiment in this July and hopefully we can get the first image before the opening of this conference. In this paper, the designing, constructing and commissioning of the proton radiography system will be described and the experiment result will be presented and discussed.

Slides FRB03 [2.764 MB]

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