KEK, Ibaraki
A few issues on the path of the luminosity upgrade of KEKB B-Factory is described, including coherent synchrotron radiation, design of the interaction region, crab crossing, and high current operation. These issues will raise more obstacles on the upgrade with the High-Current Scheme. As an alternative, {¥it Nano-Beam Scheme} should be considered as a possible option for the upgrade.
SLAC, Menlo Park, California
Funding: Work supported by US DOE contract DE-AC03-76SF00515.
Second-generation B-Factory proposals are being considered both by KEK in Japan (Super KEKB) and by an INFN Frascati/SLAC/CalTech collaboration in Italy (Super-B). Novel collision schemes like crab waist with crab-sextupoles and also crab cavities are being proposed to mitigate the beam-beam effects of a large crossing angle. The talk will present concepts from both proposals in the context of the experience with the present PEP-II and KEKB B-Factories, which have been successful far beyond the initial performance goals.
KEK, Ibaraki
Tigold, Chiba 289-1226
KFG, NEUSS
KYOCERA Corporation, Higashiomi-city, Shiga
MELCO SC, Tsukuba
Nichicon (Kusatsu) Corporation, Shiga
The KEK Linac delivers the beam to KEK-Photon factory storage ring, KEKB ring and the advanced ring for photon factory. In order to deliver the beam to the KEK-photon factory and KEKB ring simultaneously, the pulsed bending magnet was installed at the end of KEKB Linac. The pulsed bending magnet extract 2.5GeV electron beam to the PF beam transfer line. The deflection angle of the magnet is 0.114 radians and the field strength is almost 1.22T. The peak current stability is better than 0.1% at 24kA operation. The maximum repetition rate is 25Hz. The 1.2m long ceramic chamber is inserted into the 1m long magnet. This system makes possible the top up operation of PF ring.
University of Pisa and INFN, Pisa
CERN, Geneva
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
SLAC, Menlo Park, California
We present an improved design of the focusing elements close to the interaction point of the SuperB accelerator. These magnets have to provide pure quadrupolar fields on each of the two beams to decrease the background rate in the detector which would be produced by the over-bend of the off-energy particles if a dipolar component were present. Very good field quality is also required to preserve the dynamic aperture of the rings. Because of the small separation of the two beams (only few centimeters) and the high gradient required by the SuperB final focus, neither a permanent magnet design nor a multi-layer configuration are viable solutions. A novel design, based on 'helical-type' windings, has therefore been investigated. In this paper we will present the improved magnetic design and its performances evaluated with a three dimensional finite element analysis.
LBNL, Berkeley, California
Funding: This work was supported by the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
There is considerable interest in the use of muon beams to create either an intense source of decay neutrinos aimed at a detector located 3000-7500 km away (a Neutrino Factory), or a Muon Collider that produces high-luminosity collisions at the energy frontier. R&D aimed at producing these facilities has been under way for more than 10 years. This paper will review experimental results from MuCool, MERIT, and MICE and indicate the extent to which they will provide proof-of-principle demonstrations of the key technologies required for a Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider. Progress in constructing components for the MICE experiment will be described.
Fermilab, Batavia
Muons, Inc, Batavia
We have developed a new method for capture, bunching and phase-energy rotation of secondary beams from a proton source, using high-frequency rf systems. The method is the baseline for muon capture in the International scoping study for a neutrino factory. In this method, a proton bunch on a target creates secondaries that drift into a capture transport channel. A sequence of rf cavities forms the resulting muon beams into strings of bunches of differing energies, aligns the bunches to (nearly) equal central energies, and initiates ionization cooling. For the International Design Study the method must be optimized for performance and cost, and variations will be explored. In this paper we present results of optimization and variation studies toward obtaining the maximum number of muons for a neutrino factory, as well as for a future muon collider.
PU, Princeton, New Jersey
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
CERN, Geneva
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
Fermilab, Batavia
The MERIT (MERcury Intense Target) experiment was run in the fall of 2007 using 14 and 24 GeV intense proton beams from the CERN PS. It is a proof-of-principle experiment designed to validate a target concept for producing an intense muon source for a future muon collider or neutrino factory. The experiment successfully demonstrated a target technique for multi-MW proton beams that utilizes a free-flowing liquid metal jet within the confines of a high-field solenoid. We describe the experimental strategy and parameters, as well as the results obtained and their implications for future muon-based accelerator facilities.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
Continental Electronics Corp., Dallas, Texas
CPI, Palo Alto, California
Funding: DoE Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886
Brookhaven’s ERL (Energy Recovery LINAC) requires a 1 MW CW RF system for the superconducting electron gun cavity. The system consists primarily of klystron tube, transmitter, and High-Voltage Power Supply (HVPS). The 703.75 MHz klystron made by CPI, Inc. provides RF power of 1 MW CW with efficiency of 65%. It has a single output window, diode-type electron gun, and collector capable of dissipating the entire beam power. It was fully factory tested including 24-hour heat run at 1.1 MW CW. The solid state HVPS designed by Continental Electronics provides up to 100 kV at low ripple and 2.1 MW CW with over 95% efficiency. With minimal stored energy and a fast shut down mode no crowbar circuit is needed. Continental’s transmitter includes PLC based user interface and monitoring, RF pre-amplifier, magnet and Vac-Ion pump supplies, cooling water instrumentation, and integral safety interlock system. BNL installed the klystron, HVPS, and transmitter along with other items, such as circulator, water load, and waveguide components. The collaboration of BNL, CPI, and Continental in the design, installation, and testing was essential to the successful operation of the 1 MW system.
KEK, Ibaraki
Four klystron power supplies that can provide a typical voltage of 40kV (current 8A) are used for the PF storage ring at High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK). The original power suplies were fabricated during 1979-1987. Although the power supplies have been operated well, we anticipate some difficulty in maintaining them in future. Then, we planned to renew them by stages. As the first step, we renewed one of the power supplies in 2003. The renewed power suplly have been operated well without any trouble. As the second step, we updated another power supply in the summer of 2008. The renewed power supply is equipped with a solid-state high-voltage (HV) switch that is made of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) for klystron protection. The renewed power supply have been operated well from September, 2008. We report the performance of the new power supply.
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
Multi MW Proton Driver in the few GeV range are required for a neutron spallation source being studied in the framework of the ISIS upgrade at RAL and for the production of muon beam for a Neutrino Factory. Although the requirements for the time structure of proton beams are different, we investigate the possibility to share the proton driver between the two facilities. We assume the beam for both facilities is accelerated in a linac followed by rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) at 50 Hz repetition rate to 3.2 GeV. One part of the bunch train after extraction from the RCS can be sent to the neutron production target and the other part of the extracted beam can be sent to another RCS, where further acceleration and final bunch compression can be performed to meet the specification of the Neutrino Factory target. The preliminary study of the final bunch compression is presented.
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Funding: SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
Nanocrystalline diamond foils are now in use for injection stripping at the SNS. Typical dimensions are 17x25 mm x 300-350 ug/cm2 physical thickness. Corrugations of the foil help to maintain flatness, but after ca. 300 C of injected charge curling is observed. We continue to experiment with foil preparation techniques. To allow independent stripper foil testing without impacting SNS neutron production, we have assembled a 30 keV electron beam foil test facility to investigate foil lifetimes. At 30 keV acceleration, a 1.6 mA/mm2 electron beam imparts the same peak heating load to a carbon foil as the injected and circulating current of the 1.4 MW SNS. At this energy the electron stopping distance is approximately six-fold longer than the foil thickness. The electron gun is capable of 5 mA current in a focal spot less than 1 mm FWHM diameter. Two foil stations are available for sequential tests, and foils can be rotated relative to the beam to vary their effective thickness. A 6 us risetime optical pyrometer records instantaneous foil temperatures over the 60 Hz heating profile. A CCD camera captures foil images over time. Results using this test stand are described.
ISSP/SRL, Chiba
KEK, Ibaraki
We successfully demonstrated a new beam injection method using a single pulsed sextupole magnet (PSM). The PSM has a parabolic-shaped magnetic field, which is expected to provide an effective kick to the injected beam without little effects on the stored beam. We installed the PSM injection system at the Photon Factory storage ring (PF-ring) and succeeded in injecting the beam into PF-ring and storing the current up to 450 mA. This is the first demonstration of the PSM beam injection in electron storage rings. We also tested top-up injection and confirmed that dipole oscillation of the stored beam was sufficiently reduced compared with that generated by the conventional injection system. In this conference, we will present the experimental results and the advantages of the PSM beam injection.
UMiss, University, Mississippi
The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) is being built at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), to demonstrate the feasibility of ionization cooling of muon beams. This is one of the major technological steps needed towards the development of a muon collider and a "neutrino factory" based on muon decays in a storage ring. MICE will use particle detectors to measure the cooling effect with high precision, planning to achieve an absolute accuracy on the measurement of emittance of 0.1% or better. The particle i.d. detectors and tracker must work under harsh environmental conditions due to high magnetic fringe fields and RF noise. We will describe the MICE particle i.d. detector systems, and show some current performance measurements of these detectors.
CERN, Geneva
Virtually all modern accelerator control systems are nowadays based on commercial-off-the-shelf products (VME crates, PLCs, SCADA systems, etc.), on Windows or Linux PCs, and on communication infrastructures using Ethernet and TCP/IP. Despite the benefits coming with this (r)evolution, these "modern" control systems and infrastructures usually completely lack adequate levels of robustness, resilience and security. Even worse, new threats are inherited, too: Worms and viruses spread within seconds via the Ethernet cable, and attackers are becoming interested in breaking into control systems. This talk will discuss the initial security risks, what precautions are needed to protect control systems against cyber threats and how to provide a secure environment without sacrificing operability.
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
Exeter University, Exeter, Devon
Gericke LTD, Ashton-under-Lyne
This paper describes the potential of fluidised powdered material for use as a particle production target in high power particle accelerator based facilities. In such facilities a multi-MW proton beam is required to interact with a dense target material in order to produce sub-atomic particles, e.g. neutrons for a neutron source or pions for a so-called conventional neutrino beam, a neutrino factory or a muon collider. Experience indicates that thermal transport, shock wave and radiation damage will limit the efficiency and reliability of facilities utilising solid targets at around 1 MW beam power. Consequently liquid mercury has been adopted as the target technology for the latest neutron facilities SNS and J-SNS at ORNL and Tokai respectively, and is the baseline for a neutrino factory and muon collider. However mercury introduces new problems such as Cavitation Damage Erosion. This paper discusses how a fluidised powder target may combine many of the advantages of a liquid metal with those of a solid, and describes an experimental programme at RAL currently underway to implement this technology.
LBNL, Berkeley, California
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia
UMiss, University, Mississippi
The international muon ionization cooling experiment (MICE) requires low frequency and normal conducting RF cavities to compensate for muon beams’ longitudinal energy lost in the MICE cooling channel. Eight 201-MHz normal conducting RF cavities with conventional beam irises terminate by large and thin beryllium windows are needed. The cavity design is based on a successful prototype cavity for the US MUCOOL program. The MICE RF cavity will be operated at 8-MV/m in a few Tesla magnetic fields with 1-ms pulse length and 1-Hz repetition rate. The cavity design, fabrication, post process plans and as well as integration to the MICE cooling channel will be discussed and presented in details.
Muons, Inc, Batavia
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia
Funding: Supported in part by USDOE SBIR Grant DE-FG02-08ER85171
High-current RF cavities that are needed for many accelerator applications are often limited by the power transmission capability of the pressure barriers (windows) that separate the cavity from the power source. Most efforts to improve RF window design have focused on alumina ceramic, the most popular historical choice, and have not taken advantage of new materials. Alternative window materials have been investigated using a novel Merit Factor comparison and likely candidates have been tested for the material properties which will enable construction in the self-matched window configuration. Window assemblies have also been modeled and fabricated using compressed window techniques which have proven to increase the power handling capability of waveguide windows. Candidate materials have been chosen to be used in fabricating a window for high power testing at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility.
Muons, Inc, Batavia
CLASSE, Ithaca, New York
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Funding: Supported in part by USDOE Contract. DE-AC05-84-ER-40150
Superconducting HOM-damped (higher-order-mode-damped) RF systems are needed for present and future storage ring and linac applications. Superconducting RF (SRF) systems typically contain unwanted frequencies or higher order modes (HOM) that must be absorbed by ferrite and other lossy ceramic-like materials that are brazed to substrates mechanically attached to the drift tubes adjacent to the SRF cavity. These HOM loads must be thermally and mechanically robust and must have the required broadband microwave loss characteristics, but the ferrites and their attachments are weak under tensile stresses and thermal stresses and tend to crack. A HOM absorber with improved materials and design will be developed for high-gradient 750 MHz superconducting cavity systems. RF system designs will be numerically modeled to determine the optimum ferrite load required to meet the broadband loss specifications. Several techniques for attaching ferrites to the metal substrates will be studied, including full compression rings and nearly-stress-free ferrite assemblies. Prototype structures will be fabricated and tested for mechanical strength.
SLAC, Menlo Park, California
CERN, Geneva
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
University of Pisa and INFN, Pisa
Funding: Work supported by the Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC03-76SF00515.
We present an improved design for a Super-B interaction region. The new design minimizes local bending of the two colliding beams by separating all beam magnetic elements near the Interaction Point (IP). The total crossing angle at the IP is increased from 50 mrad to 60 mrad. The first magnetic element is a six slice Permanent Magnet (PM) quadrupole with an elliptical aperture allowing us to increase the vertical space for the beam. This magnet starts 36 cm from the Interaction Point (IP). This magnet is only seen by the Low-Energy Beam (LEB), the High-Energy Beam (HEB) has a drift space at this location. This allows the preliminary focusing of the LEB which has a smaller beta y* at the IP than the HEB. The rest of the final focusing for both beams is achieved by two super-conducting side-by-side quadrupoles (QD0 and QF1). These sets of magnets are enclosed in a warm bore cryostat located behind the PM quadrupole for the LEB. We describe this new design for the interaction region.
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
CERN, Geneva
In Muon Ionisation Cooling, closely packed high-field RF cavities are interspersed with energy-absorbing material in order to reduce particle beam emittance. Transverse focussing of the muon beams is achieved by superconducting magnets. This results in the RF cavities sitting in intense magnetic fields. Recent studies have shown that this may limit the peak gradient that can be achieved in the RF cavities. In this paper, we study the effect that a reduced RF gradient may have on the cooling performance of the Neutrino Factory lattice and examine methods to mitigate the effect.
Muons, Inc, Batavia
Fermilab, Batavia
Funding: Supported in part by DOE STTR grant DE-FG02-05ER86252
Earlier studies on the front end of a neutrino factory or muon collider have relied on a single simulation tool, ICOOL. We present here a cross-check against another simulation tool, G4beamline. We also perform a study in economizing the number of RF cavity frequencies and gradients. We conclude with a discussion of future studies.
Fermilab, Batavia
Muons, Inc, Batavia
Funding: Supported in part by USDOE STTR Grant DE-FG02-05ER86252 and FRA DOE contract number DE-AC02-07CH11359
Gas-filled RF cavities can provide high-gradient accelerating fields for muons, and can be used for simultaneous acceleration and cooling of muons. In this paper we explore using these cavities in the front-end of the capture and cooling systems for neutrino factories and muon colliders. We consider using gas-filled RF cavities for the initial front end cooling systems. We also consider using them for simultaneous phase-energy rotation and cooling in a front-end system. We also consider using lower-density RF cavities, where the gas density is primarily for RF breakdown suppression, with less cooling effect. Pressurized RF cavities enable higher gradient rf within magnetic fields than is possible with evacuated cavities, enabling more options in the front-end. The status of designs of the capture, phase rotation, and precooling systems of muon beams in pressurized cavities is described.
Muons, Inc, Batavia
Fermilab, Batavia
Intense muon beams have many potential applications. However, muons originate from a tertiary process that produces a diffuse swarm. To make useful beams, the swarm must be rapidly collected and cooled before the muons decay. A promising new concept for the collection and cooling of muon beams to increase their intensity and reduce their emittances is investigated: the use of a nearly isochronous helical cooling channel (HCC) to facilitate capture of the muons into a few RF bunches. Such a distribution could be cooled quickly and then coalesced efficiently into a single bunch to optimize the luminosity of a muon collider. An analytical description of the method is presented followed by simulation and optimization studies. Practical design constraints and integration into a collider, neutrino factory or intense beam scenario are discussed and plans for further studies are addressed.
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
The goal of a Neutrino Factory is to generate intense beams of neutrinos from muon decay inorder to study CP violation in the Standard Model, the mass hierarchy, and the neutrino mixing angle θ13. Intense muon beams are created and accelerated in a system of particle accelerators to energies of 20-50 GeV. They are then allowed to decay in dedicated storage rings with long straight sections aligned on suitably chosen long-range detectors. A variety of geometries are possible, and their design and construction present demanding challenges for accelerator R & D, covering not only beam optics but touching on geological and engineering aspects of constructing almost vertical storage rings several hundred metres below the Earth's surface. The basic ideas are described in this paper and are demonstrated by three possible models developed in recent years.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
CERN, Geneva
PU, Princeton, New Jersey
Fermilab, Batavia
We report on the analysis of data collected from the optical diagnostics of the MERIT experiment which was run at CERN in the fall of 2007. The breakup of the free mercury jet resulting from the impact of intense proton beams from the CERN PS within a magnetic field environment is described.
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
Exeter University, Exeter, Devon
Gericke LTD, Ashton-under-Lyne
This paper proposes a technology based on fluidized powder which could be employed as a high power target (and beam dump), for example in a future Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider. A fluidized powder target is believed to bring together some advantages of both the solid and liquid phase whilst avoiding some of their drawbacks. The current Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider proposals require the use of a high Z target material withstanding beam ionisation heating of around 1 MW. The article proposes to use a dense tungsten powder jet as an alternative to the baseline open mercury jet for interaction with the proton beam inside the high field capture solenoid. The preliminary experimental results on the production and on the characteristics of a dense horizontal tungsten powder jet are presented. The morphology of the jet is analysed and presented as a function of the driving parameters (e.g. pneumatic supply pressure, boundary conditions of the jet, etc.). A test rig was developed to investigate the reliability of lean and dense phase pneumatic conveying of tungsten powder and the results of such experiments are discussed in the paper.
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
Kyoto University, Kyoto
KEK, Ibaraki
Funding: Science and Technology Facilities Council
The T2K experiment will utilise the highest pulsed power proton beam ever built to generate an intense beam of neutrinos. This uses the conventional technique of colliding the 0.75 MW 30 GeV proton beam with a graphite target and using a magnetic horn system to collect pions of one charge and focus them into a decay volume where the neutrino beam is produced. The target is a two interaction length (900 mm long) graphite target supported directly within the bore of the first magnetic horn which generates the required field with a pulsed current of 300 kA. This paper describes the design and development of the target system required to meet the demanding requirements of the T2K facility. Challenges include radiation damage, shock waves resulting from a 100 K temperature rise in the graphite material during each beam spill, design and optimisation of the helium coolant flow, and integration with the pulsed magnetic horn. Conceptual and detailed engineering studies were required to develop a target system that could satisfy these requirements and could also be replaced remotely in the event of a target failure.
Sheffield University, Sheffield
University of Warwick, Coventry
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
Funding: Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom)
The UK programme of high power target developments for a Neutrino Factory is centred on the study of high-Z materials (tungsten, tantalum). A description of lifetime shock tests on candidate materials is given as a part of the research into a solid target solution. A fast high current pulse is applied to a thin wire of the sample material and the lifetime measured from the number of pulses before failure. These measurements are made at temperatures up to ~2000 K. The stress on the wire is calculated using the LS-DYNA code and compared to the stress expected in the real Neutrino Factory target. It has been found that tantalum is too weak at these temperatures but a tungsten wire has reached over 26 million pulses (equivalent to more than ten years of operation at the Neutrino Factory). Measurements of the surface velocity of the wire using a laser interferometry system (VISAR) are in progress, which, combined with LS-DYNA modelling, will allow the evaluation of the constitutive equations of the material. An account is given of the optimisation of secondary pion production and capture in a Neutrino Factory and of the latest solid target engineering ideas.
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
Fermilab, Batavia
The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory (IDS-NF), which is being carried out by personnel from the Americas, Asia, and Europe, has been established by the Neutrino Factory community to deliver a Reference Design Report for the facility by 2012*. The baseline design, developed from that defined in the ISS**, will provide 1021 muon decays per year from 25GeV stored muon beams. The facility will serve two neutrino detectors; one situated at source-detector distance of between 3000-5000km, the second at 7000-8000km. Muon storage rings have also been proposed as the basis of a multi-TeV lepton-antilepton Muon Collider. The R&D required to deliver the Neutrino Factory and that required to realise the Muon Collider have many synergies including: the pion-production target; ionisation cooling; rapid acceleration of large emittance beams; and the provision of high-gradient accelerating cavities that operate in high magnetic fields. The conceptual design of the accelerator facility for the Neutrino Factory and the relation of the IDS-NF to the EUROnu Design Study will be described***.
*The decision point identified by the Strategy Group of the CERN Council.
**The International Scoping Study for a future Neutrino Factory and super-beam facility.
***Submitted on behalf of the IDS-NF.
Muons, Inc, Batavia
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
IIT, Chicago, Illinois
Funding: Supported in part by USDOE STTR Grant DE-FG02-06ER86281
Most computer programs that calculate the trajectories of particles in accelerators assume that the particles travel in an evacuated chamber. The development of muon beams, which are needed for muon colliders and neutrino factories and are usually required to pass through matter, is limited by the lack of user-friendly numerical simulation codes that accurately calculate scattering and energy loss in matter. Geant4 is an internationally supported tracking toolkit that was developed to simulate particle interactions in large detectors for high energy physics experiments, and includes most of what is known about the interactions of particles and matter. Geant4 has been partially adapted in a program called G4beamline to develop muon beam line designs. The program is now being developed and debugged by a larger number of accelerator physicists studying muon cooling channel designs and other applications. Space-charge effects and muon polarization are new features that are being implemented.
DPNC, Genève
The MICE experiment aims at demonstrating that the performances of the muon ionization technique are compatible with the requirements of the neutrino factory and the muon collider. The experiment is running at the Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory in the UK using the ISIS proton beam on a dynamic target as a muon source. Brand new target system and muon beam line have been designed, built and installed during the last two years. On the other hand, particle identification detectors needed for the experiment have also been installed and commissioned. This presentation describes how we made use of Time of Flight detectors, aerogel Cherenkov counters and electro-magnetic calorimeter sensors to characterize the content of the MICE beam between 100 and 480 MeV/c.
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
The Race Track design for the Decay Ring of a Neutrino Factory is studied with the MAD-X code. Optimisation of the working point, study of resonances and of dynamic aperture for several off-momentum cases are presented. An introduction to the problem of beam losses is given.
Fermilab, Batavia
Funding: Work supported by the Fermi Research Alliance, under contract to the U. S. Department of Energy
As the Fermilab Collider program draws to a close, a vision has emerged of an experimental program built around the high intensity frontier. The centerpiece of this program will be a new 8 GeV superconducting H- linac which will support world leading programs in long baseline neutrino experimentation and the study of rare processes. Based on technology shared with the International Linear Collider, Project X will support the generation of multi-MW beams at 60-120 GeV from the Main Injector, simultaneous with several hundred kilowatts at 8 GeV from the Recycler. Project X will also open the possibility of a future energy frontier facility based on utilization as the front end of a muon storage ring based facility.
Fermilab, Batavia
Funding: This work was supported by the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, which is operated by Universities Research Association, under contract No.DE-AC02-76CH03000 with the U.S. Department of Energy
This talk will present arguments that the Neutrino Factory - an extremely intense source of flavor-tagged neutrinos from muon decays in a storage ring - gives the best physics reach for CP violation, as well as virtually all parameters in the neutrino oscillation parameter space. It will describe the physics capabilities of a baseline Neutrino Factory as compared to other possible future facilities (beta-beam and super-beam facilities), give an overview of the accelerator complex, describe the current international R&D program and present a potential time line for the design and construction of the facility. Although the baseline study focuses on a facility with muon energy of 25 GeV, a concept for a Low-Energy (~ 4 GeV) Neutrino Factory has also been developed and its physics reach will also be discussed. Finally, it will be shown that a facility of this type is unique in that it can present a physics program that can be staged, addressing exciting new physics at each step. Eventually it can lead to an energy-frontier muon collider. A muon accelerator facility is a natural extension that can exploit the high intensity potential at FNAL starting with Project X.
SLAC, Menlo Park, California
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
Funding: work supported by the Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC03-76SF00515
We give an overview of wake fields and impedances in a proposed Super B project, which is based on extremely low emittance beams colliding at a large angle with a crab waist transformation. Understanding the effect wake fields have on the beam is critical for a successful machine operation. We use our combined experience from the operation of the SLAC B-factory and DAΦNE Phi-factory to eliminate strong HOM sources and minimize the chamber impedance in the Super B design. Based on a detailed study of the wake fields in this design we have developed a quasi-Green’s function for the entire ring that is used to study bunch lengthening and beam stability. In particular, we check the stability threshold using numerical solutions of the Fokker-Plank equation. We also make a comparison of numerical simulations with the bunch lengthening data in the B- factory.