BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy-le-Vieux
OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon
CERN, Geneva
SLAC, Menlo Park, California
KEK, Ibaraki
Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.
The Accelerator Test Facility (ATF2) at KEK is a scaled down version of the final focus design proposed for the future linear colliders (LC) and aims to experimentally verify the final focus (FF) technology needed to obtain very small, stable beam spots at a LC interaction point. Initially the ATF2 FF is made using conventional (warm) quadrupole and sextupole magnets; however, we propose to upgrade the FF by replacing some of the conventional magnets with new superconducting magnets constructed with the same technology as those of the International Linear Collider baseline FF magnets*. With the superconducting magnet upgrade we can look to achieve smaller interaction point beta-functions and to study superconducting magnet vibration stability in an accelerator environment. Therefore for the ATF2 R&D magnet we endeavor to incorporate cryostat design features that facilitate monitoring of the cold mass movement via interferometric techniques. The design status of the ATF2 superconducting upgrade magnets is reported in this paper.
*International Linear Collider Reference Design Report, ILC-REPORT-2007-001, August 2007.
CERN, Geneva
CIRTEM, Labege CEDEX
The search for higher magnetic fields in particle accelerators increasingly demands the use of superconducting magnets. This magnet technology has a large amount of magnetic energy storage during operation at relatively high currents. As such, many monitoring and protection systems are required to safely operate the magnet, including the monitoring of any leakage of current to earth in the superconducting magnet that indicates a failure of the insulation to earth. At low amplitude, the earth leakage current affects the magnetic field precision. At a higher level, the earth leakage current can additionally generate local losses which may definitively damage the magnet or its instrumentation. This paper presents an active earth fault current monitoring circuit, widely deployed in the CERN-LHC converters for the superconducting magnets. The circuit allows the detection of earth faults before energising the circuit as well as limiting any eventual earth fault current. The electrical stress on each circuit component is analyzed and advice is given for a totally safe component selection in relation to a given load.
Muons, Inc, Batavia
NHMFL, Tallahassee, Florida
Funding: Supported in part by DOE SBIR grant DE-FG02-08ER85024
Optical fibers can be imbedded within new high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnets to monitor strain and temperature, to detect quenches, and, in the case of AgX/Ag/Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox, (Bi2212) wire magnets, to serve as a heat treatment process monitor for wind-and-react (W&R) manufacturing. The W&R process requires that the optical fibers be installed before the Bi2212 heat treatment, one important issue is whether the fibers survive the 890 oC heat treatment so as to monitor the heat treatment and to serve subsequently as a low temperature monitor. Here, Au-coated optical fibers are attached to Bi2212 wires and processed with the typical reaction cycle. The Bi2212 superconductor is then evaluated for performance degradation due to the presence of the fiber and the fiber is evaluated for performance degradation due to the heat treatment and viability as a heat treatment process monitor. Two approaches to fiber optic sensing are used: a fiber Bragg grating and Rayleigh scattering
CERN, Geneva
The LHC collider has recently completed commissioning at CERN. At four points around the 27 km ring, the beams are put into collision in the centre of the experiments ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb which are installed in large underground caverns. The ‘experimental vacuum systems’ which transport the beams through these caverns and collision points are a primary interface between machine and experiment and were developed and installed as one project at CERN. Each system has a different geometry and materials as required by the experiment. However, they all have common requirements from the machine, and use many common technologies developed for the project. In this paper we give an overview of the four systems stressing the similarities between them. We explain the technologies that were developed and applied for the installation, test, bakeout and subsequent closure of the experimental vacuum systems. We also discuss lessons learnt from the project.
INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
Funding: This work has partly been supported by the European Community, Contract Number RII3-CT-2004-506008.
Since ‘90s our laboratory is in charge of producing Cs2Te photocathodes employed as laser driven electron sources in the high brightness photoinjectors of the FLASH and PITZ facilities. The production recipe has been developed and standardized during years, fulfilling the requests for photocathode operation in the photoinjectors. Nevertheless, the growing process of the film is still not totally understood, mainly respect to the final material properties. In this paper, reflectivity and spectral response measurements, at different wavelengths, measured during the photocathode growth are presented and compared with the corresponding photocurrent behavior. The new information, together with results obtained with standard diagnostic tools, will help to improve the understanding of the growing process, of the compounds formation with different Cs/Te ratio and of the reproducibility of the Cs2Te film structure.
CLASSE, Ithaca, New York
Fermilab, Batavia
Funding: Work Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy
To build the ~14,000 cavities required for the ILC each of the three world regions must have a sizable industrial base of qualified companies to draw cavities from. One of these companies, Niowave Inc., recently manufactured six 1.3 GHz single-cell cavities for qualification purposes. All six cavities achieved gradients above 25 MV/m before they were limited by the available RF power (Q-slope) or quenched. This paper will report the results of cold tests for all six cavities and on the causes of quench determined by 2nd sound detection and optical inspection.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
Continental Electronics Corp., Dallas, Texas
CPI, Palo Alto, California
Funding: DoE Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886
Brookhaven’s ERL (Energy Recovery LINAC) requires a 1 MW CW RF system for the superconducting electron gun cavity. The system consists primarily of klystron tube, transmitter, and High-Voltage Power Supply (HVPS). The 703.75 MHz klystron made by CPI, Inc. provides RF power of 1 MW CW with efficiency of 65%. It has a single output window, diode-type electron gun, and collector capable of dissipating the entire beam power. It was fully factory tested including 24-hour heat run at 1.1 MW CW. The solid state HVPS designed by Continental Electronics provides up to 100 kV at low ripple and 2.1 MW CW with over 95% efficiency. With minimal stored energy and a fast shut down mode no crowbar circuit is needed. Continental’s transmitter includes PLC based user interface and monitoring, RF pre-amplifier, magnet and Vac-Ion pump supplies, cooling water instrumentation, and integral safety interlock system. BNL installed the klystron, HVPS, and transmitter along with other items, such as circulator, water load, and waveguide components. The collaboration of BNL, CPI, and Continental in the design, installation, and testing was essential to the successful operation of the 1 MW system.
CRE, Wuppertal
The modular architecture of high power solid state rf amplifiers for the frequency range of 72 to 3000MHz is described. The characteristic features of the modular components are presented, focusing on the multi transistor amplifier modules delivering a power in the 0.5 to 1.5 kW range, the transmission line combiner system combining up to 150 amplifier modules, the monitoring of the rf power flow in the system and other relevant performance parameters, as well as the heat exchanger concept and the digital amplifier control system.
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
The LANSCE linac RF system consists of four 201.25 MHz RF stations that supply RF power to the drift tube linac(DTL), and forty-four 805 MHz RF stations, that supply RF power to the coupled-cavity linac(CCL). There are four large high voltage power supplies for the DTL RF systems. Seven high voltage power supplies provide the power for the 805 MHz klystrons. All power supplies consist of a transformer/rectifier, Inductrol Voltage Regulator (IVR) and a capacitor bank with crowbar protection. After 39 years of operation, some components are approaching the end of life and will be refurbished through the LANSCE-R project to ensure the reliability of the machine until 2025. An analysis of the oil in the high voltage power supply units was done to assess their health to determine if units need to be replaced or repaired as part of LANSCE-R. Since 1998 the oil in each unit has been sampled and tested annually, and reprocessed when required. Gas-in-oil data for these units from 1998 to present was analyzed. The levels of each gas component, trends in the data and the significance of the each dissolved gas are discussed. The health of the units is assessed.
KAERI, Daejon
Kyungpook National University, Daegu
KIRAMS, Seoul
Funding: This work was perfomed as a part of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project and supported by the ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea.
A prototype LEPT(Low Energy Proton Therapy) system was developed and established at the MC-50 cyclotron in 2007. Some of the users of the PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project) has been requiring a irradiation system for in-vivo experiments for the beam utilization in the fieds of medical and biological sciences. We are studying on the possibility of in-vivo experiments the prototype LEPT system. The LEPT system consists of collimators, range shifter, modulator for SOBP, dose meaurement system, etc. The energy and current from the cyclotron was 45 MeV and a few nA. For the in-vivo experiments accurate control of dose rate and penetration depth range is essential. The other important issue is how we can control the irradiation area and depth with high uniform dose distribution. We investigated the dose rate and uniformity of dose distribution inside the sample using PMMA and water phantom. The dose was measured by using ionization chamber and GAF films. The dose rate was 0.2~1Gy/sec and the penetration depth was 10~15 mm. The further studies using small animals using this LEPT system will be done by the users.
Fermilab, Batavia
Fermilab is in the process of upgrading its Booster Correction Element System to include full field correction element magnets to correct position and chromaticity throughout the booster cycle. From a reliability standpoint, it is important to limit both the maximum temperature and the repetitive temperature cycling of the silicon junctions of the switching elements. We will describe how we measured these parameters and the results of our measurements.
SLAC, Menlo Park, California
Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-76SF00515
This paper will report on the test results of a prototype 1320 watt power module for a high availability power supply. The module will allow parallel operation for N+1 redundancy with hot swap capability. The two quadrant output of each module allows pairs of modules to provide a 4 quadrant (bipolar) operation. Each module employs a novel 4 FET buck regulator arranged in a bridge configuration. Each side of the bridge alternately conducts through a small saturable ferrite that limits the reverse current in the FET body diode during turn off. This allows hard switching of the FETs with low switching losses. The module is designed with over-rated components to provide high reliability and better then 97% efficiency at full load. The modules use a Microchip DSP for control, monitoring, and fault detection. The switching FETS are driven by PWM modules in the DSP at 60 Khz. A Dual CAN bus interface provides for low cost redundant control paths. The DSP will also provide current sharing between modules, synchronized switching, and soft start up for hot swapping. The input and output of each module have low resistance FETs to allow hot swapping and isolation of faulted units.
SLAC, Menlo Park, California
Funding: Work supported by the Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515.
The design and installation of the Linac Coherent Light Source* at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has included the development of a kicker system for selective beam bunch dumping. The kicker is based on an LC resonant topology formed by the 50 uF energy storage capacitor and the 64 uH air core magnet load and has a sinusoidal pulse period of 400us. The maximum magnet current is 500 A. The circuit is weakly damped, allowing most of the magnet energy to be recovered in the energy storage capacitor. The kicker runs at a repetition rate of 120Hz. A PLC-based control system provides remote control and monitoring of the kicker via EPICS protocol. Fast timing and interlock signals are converted by discrete peak-detect and sample-hold circuits into DC signals that can be processed by the PLC. The design and experimental characterization of the systems is presented.
*http://ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/lcls/
SLAC, Menlo Park, California
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Funding: Work supported by the Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515.
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory is developing a next generation H-bridge switch plate*, a critical component of the SNS High Voltage Converter Modulators**. As part of that effort, a new IGBT gate driver has been developed. The drivers are an integral part of the switch plate, which are essential to ensuring fault-tolerant, high-performance operation of the modulator. The redesigned drivers improve upon the existing gate drives in several ways. The new gate driver has improved fault detection and suppression capabilities; suppression of shoot-through and over-voltage conditions, monitoring of excess di/dt and Vce,sat, and redundant power isolation are some of the added features. Also, triggering insertion delay is reduced by a factor of four compared to the existing driver. This presentation details the design and performance of the new IGBT gate driver. A detailed schematic and description of the construction are included. Operation of the fast over-current detection circuits, active IGBT over-voltage protection circuit, shoot-through prevention and control power isolation breakdown detection circuit are discussed.
*W. A. Reass, et al., “Design, Status, and First Operations of the Spallation Neutron Source Polyphase
”, PAC, 2003
**M.A. Kemp, et al., “Next Generation IGBT Switch Plate
,” LINAC, 2008.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
Overview of the main factors determining machine availability. Comparison of availability issues and strategy for high energy colliders and accelerators, synchrotron light sources, and spallation neutron sources. Description of how machines can be designed for high availability and systems for high reliability.
SLAC, Menlo Park, California
LBNL, Berkeley, California
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
Funding: This work was supported by DOE contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515 NERSC
The muon cooling cavity for Muon Collider works under strong external magnetic fields. It has been observed that this external magnetic field can enhance the multipacting activities and dark current heating. As part of a broad effort to optimize external magnetic field map and cavity shape for minimal dark current and multipacting, we use SLAC’s 3D parallel code Track3P to analyze the multipacting and dark current issues of the design. Track3P has been successfully used to predict multipacting phenomena in cavity and coupler designs. It provides unprecedented capabilities for simulating large-scale accelerator structure systems, including realistic 3D details and low turn-around times. In this paper, we present the comprehensive multipacting and dark current simulations for Muon Collider cavities.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
Funding: Work performed under Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886 under the auspices of the US Department of Energy.
Using the Vernier Scan (or Van der Meer Scan technique), where one beam is swept stepwise across the other while measuring the collision rate as a function of beam displacement, the transverse beam profiles, the luminosity and the effective cross section of the collision monitoring processes can be measured. Data and results from the 2005, 2006 and 2008 polarizded proton runs using different collision detectors are presented and compared.
CERN, Geneva
We discuss luminosity monitoring, optimization and absolute calibration in the LHC. Interaction rates will be continuously monitored both by detectors on the machine side as well as by the four large LHC experiments. Horizontal and vertical separation scans will be used to optimize luminosity and to measure the beam sizes in the interaction region. An application software has been developed for this purpose. We describe the procedures which have been prepared and discuss expected systematic effects which may limit the accuracy of the measurement.
CERN, Geneva
A full scale prototype of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) collimator was installed in 2004 in the CERN Super Proton synchrotron (SPS). During three years of operation the prototype has been used extensively for beam tests, for control tests and also to benchmark LHC simulation tools. This operational experience has been extremely valuable in view of the final LHC implementation as well as for estimating the LHC operational scenarios, most notably to establish procedures for the beam-based alignment of the collimators with respect to the circulating beam. This was made possible by installing in the SPS a first prototype of the LHC beam loss monitoring system. The operational experience gained at the SPS, lessons learnt for the LHC operation and various accelerator physics effects that could limit the efficiency of the collimator alignment procedures are presented.
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
There are many planned or nascent particle-accelerator-based projects world-wide. Often these are large and complex projects that can benefit from strong project management. Following the premise that it is better to learn from the community’s successes rather than its mistakes, this talk will draw on successful experiences from the Oak Ridge SNS project in elaborating strategies and techniques for successful project management.
ANL, Argonne
Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The Advanced Photon Source (APS) injector consists of a linac, a particle accumulator ring (PAR), and a booster synchrotron (booster). The PAR accumulates multiple linac bunches and compresses them into a single bunch for booster injection. Beam energy in the PAR is 325 MeV. Due to its low energy and relatively strong beam-loading effect, beam charge and phase (or timing ) monitoring is critical to the stable operations of rf control loops. We implemented a monitor system with an FPGA processor, which provides both current monitor and stripline fast waveforms. The system provides a bunch charge reading with a data rate of up to 1 MHz and a beam phase resolution of 200 ps, which are sufficient for the rf phase control loops. The system is currently used for beam tuning and diagnostics during normal operation. We are planning to build an upgraded version with fast data output and included it in the new rf control loops. We present a description of the system and the measurement results.
LNLS, Campinas
As part of our efforts to improve beam stability in LNLS light source, we developed a system for automating tune measurements in the storage ring. This system is based on a commercial spectrum analyzer controlled via a GPIB port fed by a difference signal from a stripline pickup. Following a tandem-like approach, the software is divided in two parts: one inside the main operation software in the control system, which sends commands, and another one designed for receiving these commands and to suitably manage the analyzer The system is capable of setting the analyzer for optimal measurements for almost all operating conditions of the machine. This is achieved through feedback algorithms and triggered events. This tool improves machine diagnostics during failure conditions such as undesired magnet changes and is fast enough to enable tune tracking during particular events, such as ID movements and energy ramps.
CERN, Geneva
Until now, the continuous monitoring of the LHC lattice has been considered as impractical due to tight constraints on the maximum allowed beam excitations and acquisition time usually required for betatron function measurements. As an further exploitation of the Base-Band-Tune (BBQ) detection principle, already widely used for tune diagnostic, a real-time beta-beat measurement prototype has been successfully tested at the CERN SPS based on the continuous measurement of the cell-to-cell betatron phase advance. Tests show that the phase resolutions is better than a degree corresponding to a peak-to-peak beta-beat resolution of about one percent. Due to the system's high sensitivity it required only micro-metre range excitation, making it compatible with nominal LHC operation. This contribution discusses results, measurement systematics and possible additional exploitation that may be used to improve the nominal LHC performance.
Fermilab, Batavia
KAERI, Daejon
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.
Noninvasive bunch duration monitoring has a crucial importance for modern accelerators intended for short wavelength FEL’s, colliders and in some beam dynamics experiments. Monitoring of the bunch compression in the Emittance Exchange Experiment at the A0 Photoinjector was done using a parametric presentation of the bunch duration via Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) emitted in a dipole magnet and measured with a wide-band quasi-optical Schottky Barrier Detector (SBD). The monitoring resulted in a mapping of the quadrupole parameters allowing a determination of the region of highest compression of the bunch in the sub-picosecond range. The obtained data were compared with those measured using the streak camera. A description of the technique and the results of simulations and measurements are presented and discussed in this report.
IFIC, Valencia
Funding: FPA 2007-31124-E (MICINN)
A set of two Inductive Pick-Up (IPU) prototypes with its associated electronics for Beam Position Monitoring in Test Beam Line (TBL) in the 3rd CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) at CERN were designed, constructed, characterized and tested by the IFIC. One of these two prototypes is already mounted in the first module of the TBL line for testing with beam. In the first part of this paper we described the first tests performed with beam in the prototype. The second part of this paper is dedicated to the description of the construction, performance characterization and installation of a series of 15 units, including its respective mechanical supports in the complete TBL line in spring 2009.
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
KEK, Ibaraki
JAEA/LINAC, Ibaraki-ken
In the J-PARC LINAC, BPMs with 4 strip lines (up, down, right, left) have been used to monitor the beam position by taking log ratio of signals on the opposite (facing) sides of stirp lines. We are studying possibility to monitor beam phase by measuring phase of summed signal of all four stlip lines. In this paper, status of the study is presented.
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
Funding: US Department of Energy
Future improvements to the Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Center (LANSCE) include new Beam position and phase measuring systems that operate at 201.25 to 805 MHz. An effort is underway to build and test prototype electronics for these applications. We plan to use direct down conversion to 35 to 115 MHz followed by COTS FPGA hardware for in-phase and quadrature-phase (I/Q) signal processing. Self- calibration and system diagnostics circuits will be included. We are reporting on the status of these efforts.
NSRRC, Hsinchu
The vibration issue is significant issue about the accelerator commission. The utility system has many mechanical parts and induces severe vibrations. For the purpose of tracing vibration source and preventing facility failure, the on-line vibration measurement and trace system has been developed. The system adopt programmable automation controller with FPGA function to conduct a series of data acquisition and algorithm. The system including specific analysis of time and frequency domain has also been integrated into the previous monitor and archive system. The user friendly interface may provide on-line analysis and trace vibration source via network anywhere and anytime.
PSI, Villigen
The Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) operates a high power proton accelerator for the research projects in physical and medical sciences. Currently, a proton beam current of 2mA with a beam power of 1.2MW is routinely used. In the future, the ring cyclotron with new cavities will make a proton beam current of 3mA possible. The enhanced beam power will generate higher thermal and mechanical loads to different accelerator components. In this paper, a simulation based study of a new current monitor designed to sustain the 3mA beam operation is presented. The monitor is located behind the second graphite target and exposed to scattered particles and their secondaries. The thermal energy deposition in the current monitor has been calculated by the Monte-Carlo particle transport code MARS. The calculated power source has been used for the the coupled flow, heat and radiation simulations, for the prediction of the operating temperature. The effect of the newly introduced water cooling system and the surface blackening has been analyzed by using CFX. The thermal properties of the monitor system have been measured by laboratory experiments, and a simulation validation study is presented.
PSI, Villigen
With increasing beam powers and current densities in current neutron spallation sources one approaches materials' limits. The importance of near-target beam monitoring rises accordingly. At the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), the liquid metal target of MEGAPIE set especially stringent requirements for the reliable interruption of the proton beam in case of an anomaly in the incident current density distribution. A completely novel device called VIMOS based on the optical monitoring of a glowing mesh has been devised. By now, the system has been operating successfully for five years. Starting from the initial goal of reliably detecting beam anomalies in a timely manner the scope of the system has been extended to serve as a standard device for beam monitoring and fine tuning of the settings of the beam transport lines. In parallel to the expansion of the use of VIMOS over time, requirements for improving the maintainability of the system while also reducing concurrent cost have become more urgent. A summary of the operational experience of VIMOS will be reported as well as steps taken in order to deliver more quantitative data on the beam profile in the future.
RCNS, Sendai
KEK, Ibaraki
Tohoku University, School of Scinece, Sendai
We have designed a beam orbit tilt monitor for stabilizing a beam orbit in ATF2. Once we can measure a beam orbit tilt angle with high precision at one point, we can relate this data with the beam position profile at the focal point. This monitor is composed of a single rectangular cavity and waveguides to extract the signal. This monitor can measure the beam orbit tilt with a single cavity. We extract the signal of one basic resonance mode from the cavity. This electric field mode is perpendicular to the nominal beam axis, and is excited by beam tilt. The magnitude of extracted signal gives us the beam tilt data. According to our simulation, the expected sensitivity is about 30 nrad.
UCLA, Los Angeles, California
Funding: Office of Naval Research (US) Grant No. N000140711174
Electro-optic sampling (EOS) has been developed as a timing monitor at Pegasus photoinjector laboratory for 100-fs electron bunches. A geometrically simple 2-dimensional spatially encoding scheme is used to measure time-of-arrival (TOA) of these ultrashort electron bunches in a 20 ps window down to < 50 fs resolution. The setup described here has successfully observed EOS signals for low energy (~4 MeV) and low charge (< 10 pC) bunches, both parameters being lower than electro-optic TOA monitors currently used in other labs. Experimental 2-d EOS images are compared to particle-in-cell plasma simulations (OOPIC) of electron bunch transient electric fields in ZnTe and to theoretical field propagation in dielectric crystals.
LAL, Orsay
IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy-le-Vieux
KEK, Ibaraki
UMAN, Manchester
SLAC, Menlo Park, California
Funding: CNRS/IN2P3 ANR (Programme Blanc, Project ATF2-IN2P3-KEK, contract ANR-06-BLAN-0027)
The orbit in the ATF2 extraction line has to be accurately controlled to allow orbit and optics corrections to work well downstream. The Final Focus section contains points with large beta function values which amplify incoming beam jitter, and few correctors since the steering is performed using quadrupole movers, and so good orbit stability is required. It is also essential because some magnets are non-linear and can introduce position-dependent coupling of the motion between the two transverse planes. First experience monitoring the orbit in the extraction line during the ATF2 commissioning is described, along with a simulation of the planned steering algorithm.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook
Funding: Work performed under auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC
This paper presents a new extension to EPICS, approaching the Data Distributed Service (DDS) interface based on the Channel Access protocol. DDS is the next generation of the middleware industrial standards, bringing a data-centric publish-subscribe paradigm to distributed control systems. In comparison with existing middleware technologies, the data-centric approach is able to provide a consistent consolidated model supporting different data dissemination scenarios and integrating many important issues, such as quality of service, user-specific data structures, and others. The paper considers different features of the EPICS-DDS layer in the context of the accelerator high-level environment and introduces a generic interface addressing various types of accelerator toolkits and use cases.
GSI, Darmstadt
Cosylab, Ljubljana
One of the main challenges of the planned Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI in Darmstadt is to handle its complex parallel and multiplexed beam operation. In addition, the size of the FAIR project demands for tailor-made but yet extendible solutions with respect to all technical subsystems, especially for the control system. In order to operate and maintain the large amount of front-end equipment standardized solutions are an absolute must. Moreover, to give guidelines and interface specifications to the international collaborators and external partners for so-called "in-kind contributions" facility-wide standards have to be defined. For that purpose, GSI decided to use the Front-end Software Architecture (FESA) at the lowest level of the control system. FESA was developed by CERN and is already operational at LHC and its injectors. This report presents a framework overview and summarizes the status of the FESA test installation at GSI. Additionally, first experiences with the SIS18 BPM system controlled via FESA are presented.
SLAC, Menlo Park, California
LAL, Orsay
The Flight Simulator is a tool used for international collaboration in the writing and deployment of online beam dynamics algorithms. Written as an add-on to the Lucretia tracking software, it allows simulation of a beamline in a control system environment identical to that in the control room. This allows the testing and development of monitoring and correction tools by an international collaboration by making the control system transparent to the user. The native beamline representation are those adopted by Lucretia, so, in order to allow third party software, to interface with this system, it was necessary to develop functionality to convert the lattice to a universal representation. Accelerator Markup Language (AML), and its associated Universal Accelerator Parser (UAP), were used for this purpose. This paper describes the use of the UAP to convert the internal beamline representation to AML, and the testing of this conversion routine using the lattice description of the ATF2 final focus experiment at KEK, Japan. Also described are the inclusion of PLACET and SAD based algorithms using appropriate converters, and tests of these on the ATF2 extraction line.
NSRRC, Hsinchu
To improve the reliability of a contemporary synchrotron as light source, a diagnostic system is crucial. A satisfactory diagnostic system must enable a clear presentation of the reason for a system fault, and provide sufficient information to the data analyzer for system recovery and improvement. To identify a fault and to monitor the operation of a RF system, many diagnostic utilities have been adopted. The architecture for the diagnostics of the TLS RF system is here reported.
ZTEC Instruments, Albuquerque
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
The EPICS Oscilloscopes have been evaluated to perform simultaneous real-time pass-fail monitoring of two or four waveforms. The EPICS oscilloscopes are remotely controlled and monitored via LAN. Operators can control and query all instrument functions and settings, and monitor captured waveforms via EPICS PVs, an EDM panel, or via a “virtual front panel” application running in Linux or Windows. Upper and lower waveform masks used for pass-fail testing are automatically generated by the oscilloscope from a captured “golden waveform”. A variable-width output pulse is generated upon every captured waveform that passes (falls within the masks) or fails (falls outside the masks), depending on the operator’s requirements. Real-time pass-fail monitoring has been demonstrated on the teststand for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) injection and extraction kicker waveforms occurring both at 60Hz and 120Hz. We believe that the same instruments will also support SNS’s future requirements for real-time monitoring of waveforms at 120Hz.