LINAC2018 - List of Keywords (target)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MO1P01	Status of the SNS Proton Power Upgrade Project	linac, cryomodule, injection, operation	24
	J. Galambos, M.S. Champion, M.P. Howell, S.-H. Kim, J. Moss, M.A. Plum, B.W. Riemer, K.S. White ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA M. S. Connell, R. W. Steffey ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	SNS plans to double the power capability of the SNS proton beam by increasing the beam energy and the beam current. Accelerator scope includes additional superconducting RF cryo-modules and supporting RF systems, and upgrades to existing RF systems. Also the accumulator storage ring and the neutron source target will be upgraded to accommodate the additional power. The technical approach, project status and plans will be discussed.
	Slides MO1P01 [6.457 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MO1P01
About •	paper received ※ 10 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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MO1P03	Status of the ESS Linac	linac, cavity, ion-source, controls	35
	A. Sunesson, P. Arnold, S.L. Birch, R. Garoby, M. Jensen, M. Lindroos, C.A. Martins, A. Nordt, T.J. Shea, J.G. Weisend ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source under construction in Lund (Sweden) uses a 2 GeV-5MW pulsed superconducting linac as proton driver. Normal conducting accelerating structures are used up to 92 MeV and superconducting structures up to 2 GeV. Most linac components are designed and procured as in-kind contributions by institutes/laboratories in the European partner countries. Installation of the Ion source delivered by INFN-Catania started end 2017. Installation of more components and infrastructure progresses at a high pace. Commissioning of the normal conducting linac section will take place in parallel with installation of the superconducting section. Beam commissioning of the superconducting section will be done starting in 2021, interlaced with the installation of additional high beta cryomodules. Beam will be sent to the target in 2022, initially at an energy of 1.3 GeV. Start of the User Programme is scheduled in 2023, when some neutron instruments will be ready and end of construction is in 2025, with the full set of instruments operational. This paper reports the status of linac components construction, the progress with installation on site, and the overall project schedule.
	Slides MO1P03 [14.161 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MO1P03
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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MOPO028	Survey and Alignment System of 100 MeV/100 kW Electron Linear Accelerator	quadrupole, survey, electron, neutron	87
	O. Bezditko, I.I. Karnaukhov, A.Y. Zelinsky NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
	For successful operation and working of electron linear accelerator of "NEUTRON SOURCE" driver it is necessary that all the acceleration sections, the quadrupole triplets, the quadrupole lenses, the dipole magnets, the scanning magnets and the chicane should be installed in design position according design parameters. Accuracies of all electromagnetic elements installation are 150 mkm for all three rotation freedom. The whole process, fiducialization and developing of survey net, alignment is controlled by laser tracker Leica AT 401.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO028
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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MOPO063	Development of Side-coupled X-band Medical Linear Accelerator for Radiotherapy	cavity, linac, electron, gun	139
	Y.S. Lee, Y.W. Choi, G.J. Kim, I.S. Kim, J.I. Kim, S. Kim, J.H. Lee KERI, Changwon, Republic of Korea J.H. Hwang, Y.N. Kang, A.R. Kim, J.N. Kim, T.G. Oh, Y.A. Oh, Y. J. Seol, J.S. Shin The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
	Recently, LINAC-based radiotherapy equipment are being developed by combining with imaging devices such as CT or MRI, so that it is possible to precisely focus high dose radiation on tumor tissues while minimizing the normal tissue damage. In order to place the diagnostic and treatment devices simultaneously in a confined space, constraints related to interference and volume between the subsystems must be considered. To meet these requirements, the size and weight of the LINAC system need to be reduced, which can be achieved by applying X-band technology. For the purpose of use in IMRT based on image guided radiotherapy, we developed a 9.3 GHz X-band medical LINAC using side-coupled structure. The LINAC is designed to have the accelerating field strength of 16.8 MV/m, and the beam current transmission efficiency of 26 % at the end of accelerating cell when the supplied RF power is at 1.7 MW. Therefore, it can accelerate the electron beam up to 6.2 MeV with having about 90 mA beam current. We plan to carry out the performance test using beam diagnostics system and X-ray measurement system, and the details of design and experimental results of LINAC will be described in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO063
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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MOPO069	Nuclear and Mechanical Basic Design of Target for Mo-99 Production Using High Power Electron Linac	photon, electron, neutron, linac	148
	A. Taghibi Khotbeh-Sara, F. Rahmani KNTU, Tehran, Iran F. Ghasemi NSTRI, Tehran, Iran H. Khalafi AEOI, Tehran, Iran M. Mohseni Kejani Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
	Today providing enough supplies of 99mTc / 99Mo as a high usage radioisotope in diagnostic nuclear medicine for the world demand is a big challenge. One of the proofed ways to access reliable source of this radioisotopes is production using e-LINAC [1]. In this investigation it was tried to find the simple and the optimized design of 99Mo production target based on photoneutron reaction using e-LINAC. Based on the Monte-Carlo calculation for radiation transport and finite element thermal analysis, 9 thin plates of enriched 100Mo was suggested. Equal distance between plates was considered for cooling to prevent target melting. The main target includes only 100Mo in one-stage approach method to increase production rate in compare with two-stage approach [2]. Applying 2.5 m/s for inlet velocity of cooling water provides suitable cooling process with maximum temperature of target about 900 ˚C.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO069
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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MOPO082	Commissioning Status of the Linac for the iBNCT Project	rfq, neutron, operation, DTL	174
	M. Sato, Z. Fang, M.K. Fukuda, Y. Fukui, K. Futatsukawa, Y. Honda, K. Ikegami, H. Kobayashi, C. Kubota, T. Kurihara, T. Miura, T. Miyajima, F. Naito, K. Nanmo, T. Obina, T. Shibata, T. Sugimura, A. Takagi, E. Takasaki KEK, Ibaraki, Japan K. Hasegawa JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan H. Kumada, Y. Matsumoto, Su. Tanaka Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan N. Nagura, T. Ohba Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Tokai, Japan T. Onishi Tsukuba University, Ibaraki, Japan T. Ouchi, H. Sakurayama ATOX, Ibaraki, Japan
	Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is one of the particle-beam therapies which use secondary products from a neutron capture on boron medicaments implanted into cancer cells. This has been originally studied with neutrons from nuclear reactors, meanwhile, many activities have been recently projected with accelerator-based neutron generation. In the iBNCT (Ibaraki BNCT) project, the accelerator is consisted with a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and an Alvarez type drift-tube linac (DTL). Protons extracted from an ion source are accelerated up to 3 MeV and 8 MeV, respectively, and bombarded onto a beryllium target to generate neutrons. The design of the linac is based on the J-PARC one, but the most significant difference is the higher duty factor to have a sufficient epithermal neutron flux for BNCT. We have started the commissioning from the end of 2016, and the beam current of 1.3 mA with a repetition of 50 Hz has been achieved with an acceptable stability. Further beam commissioning and reinforcement of the vacuum and cooling water system will be performed toward higher beam current. In this contribution, the current status and future prospects of the linac will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO082
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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TUPO041	LCLS-II Cavity Higher Order Modes Coupler Tuning Optimization and Challenges at Jefferson Lab	HOM, cavity, cryomodule, vacuum	423
	A.D. Solopova, D. Forehand, A.D. Palczewski JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA T.N. Khabiboulline Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	LCLS-II is a new XFEL linac based on 1.3GHz SRF linac. Half of the LCLS-II cryomodules are being produced at Jefferson Lab. This paper summarizes the Higher Order Mode filter tuning challenges at Jefferson Lab and describes optimization of the procedure for a 9-cell Tesla type cavity and its integration into a cryomodule production line.
	Poster TUPO041 [0.719 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-TUPO041
About •	paper received ※ 11 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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TUPO068	Vertical Electropolishing of 1.3 GHz Niobium Nine-cell SRF Cavity: Bulk Removal and RF Performance	cavity, cathode, niobium, SRF	491
	V. Chouhan, Y.I. Ida, K.N. Nii, T.Y. Yamaguchi MGH, Hyogo-ken, Japan H. Hayano, S. Kato, H. Monjushiro, T. Saeki, M. Sawabe KEK, Ibaraki, Japan H. Ito Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan H. Oikawa Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
	Vertical electropolishing (VEP) technique have been successfully developed for 1.3 GHz niobium (Nb) single cell cavity to achieve a smooth surface with uniform removal and better RF performance as achieved after horizontal EP (HEP) process. VEP parameters for 1.3 GHz Nb nine-cell cavities are being studied using a nine-cell coupon cavity and our unique Ninja cathode. The investigated VEP parameters heretofore were applied on a 1.3 GHz Tesla shape nine-cell superconducting RF cavity for bulk removal of 100 µm followed by fine removal of 20 and 10 µm. The interior surface was found to be smooth and shiny after the VEP process. Our recently developed dual flow technique, in which the EP acid is flown separately in the Ninja cathode housing and cavity, yielded lower asymmetry in removal along the cavity length. The cavity was tested in a vertical cryostat after the final VEP process. The cavity achieved 28.3 MV/m at Q0 value of 6.7x109. The cavity performance was almost the same as in the baseline vertical test performed after the HEP process.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-TUPO068
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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TUPO092	Beam Dynamics and Collimation Following MAGIX at MESA*	electron, simulation, scattering, radiation	540
	B. Ledroit, K. Aulenbacher IKP, Mainz, Germany
	Funding: * Supported by the DFG through GRK 2128 The Mainz Energy-recovering Superconducting Accelerator (MESA) will be an electron accelerator allowing operation in energy-recovery linac (ERL) mode, where beam energy is recovered by decelerating the beam in linac cryomodules and transferring kinetic energy to the RF. The ERL mode provides the opportunity to operate experiments at peak energy with thin targets, combining high luminosities typical for storage rings and high beam brightness typical for linacs. The MESA Internal Gas Target Experiment (MAGIX) aims to operate jet targets at high luminosities with different gases up to Xenon. As scattering effects in the beam rise with the atomic number, investigations on the impact of the target on beam dynamics and beam losses are required for machine safety. The goal of this work is to understand target induced halo, track halo particles through downstream sections and protect the machine with a suitable collimation system and shielding from direct and indirect damage through beam losses and radiation. The present status of the investigations is presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-TUPO092
About •	paper received ※ 11 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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TUPO097	Design of C-band Electron Linear Accelerator for a Complex of Radiation Therapy	electron, gun, radiation, controls	550
	L. Ovchinnikova, V.I. Shvedunov SINP MSU, Moscow, Russia L. Ovchinnikova, V.I. Shvedunov LEA MSU, Moscow, Russia
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, under Grant Agreement No. 14.582.21.0011, Grant Agreement Unique ID RFMEFI58217X0011. The report presents the design of the linear electron accelerator for a complex of radiation therapy. The three-electrode electron gun and C-band accelerating structure are optimised to produce a therapeutic electron beam with an energy of 6 MeV and a dose rate of 10 Gy/min and a beam with an energy of 2.5 MeV to obtain a portal image. The beam size at the bremsstrahlung target in both modes does not exceed 2 mm. The total length of the accelerating system with the electron gun does not exceed 330 mm. The accelerating structure is fed by RF power from a multibeam klystron at a frequency of 5,712 MHz with a maximum pulsed power of 3.5 MW.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-TUPO097
About •	paper received ※ 10 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO021	Research on X Ray Characteristics Produced by Highenergy Picosecond Electron Beam Shooting	electron, photon, linac, radiation	729
	X.D. Zhang, X.P. Ouyang, B. Sun, X.J. Tan, X.F. Weng NINT, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11375142) The X ray sources based on electron linac can produce X-rays with high energy, concentrated directions, and strong penetrating power, which have been widely applied in various fields. An electronic linear accelerator which has been built at present can provide an electron beam with energy of 120 MeV and pulse width of picosecond. The electron beam shooting at the metal targets can produce ultra-fast pulsed X-rays in the order of picosecond. In this paper, the pulse X ray characteristics are studied through simulating electron beam shooting at four metal targets with different thickness of Au, Ta, U, W and Pb by MCNPX program. The calculation shows that the X-rays can reach about 1010p/pulse and the pulse width can reach about picosecond level, when the pulsed electron beams with energy of 120 MeV ,charge of 0.5nC and pulse width of picosecond shooting at Ta targets. The yield and time width of pulsed X-rays are related to the diameter and thickness of the target.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO021
About •	paper received ※ 11 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 08 October 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO040	Operation Experiences of the J-PARC Linac	linac, operation, DTL, cavity	774
	K. Hasegawa JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	The J-PARC linac has delivered beam to users since 2008. As of 2018, the linac provides a 40 mA beam at an energy of 400 MeV to the following Rapid Cycling Synchrotron. We have had many issues to impede high availability during the operation. One of them was troubles of high voltage power supply of klystrons. The other category is related to vacuum property in accelerating cavities. The vacuum pumps were reinforced at the RFQ#1 in 2009. The cleaning of the inside surface of some acceleration cavities were performed after the big earthquake in 2011. The cooling water flow rate drop had been a long-time issue. We modified a cooling system to take better flow balances. As a result of these improvement, the availability is approximately 92% or more in these days. However, we have encountered another issue due to some aging components. The operation experiences and availability improvement at the J-PARC linac will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO040
About •	paper received ※ 19 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 08 October 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO097	Recent Results for Study of Ceramic and Copper Plating for Power Couplers	electron, survey, controls, SRF	905
	Y. Yamamoto, E. Kako, S. Michizono KEK, Ibaraki, Japan E. Cenni CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France A. Four CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France Y. Okii Nomura Plating Co, Ltd., Osaka, Japan
	KEK has conducted a survey to select an optimum ceramic after withdrawal by a domestic manufacturing company two years ago. For this selection, there are four important items on the properties of ceramic; that is, relative permittivity, dielectric loss tangent, surface and volume resistance, and secondary electron emission coefficient. For measurements of these parameters, five kinds of ceramic samples supplied from three companies were measured using three kinds of measurement systems. For measurement of secondary electron emission, scanning electron microscope (SEM) with beam blanking system was used. On the other hand, residual resistivity ratio (RRR) for copper plating, which is the most important item for quality control, has also been carried out while changing plating thickness and acid temperature. In this report, the recent results for these studies will be presented in detailed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO097
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO108	Development of an High Gradient Side Coupled Cavity for PROBE	cavity, proton, linac, coupling	924
	S. Pitman, R. Apsimon, G. Burt Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom N. Catalán Lasheras, A. Grudiev, W. Wuensch CERN, Geneva, Switzerland H.L. Owen UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
	The PROBE project aims to develop a high gradient proton accelerator for protons with energy around 250-350 MeV for proton radiography. Detailed studies have shown that the optimum design is a side coupled cavity at S-band. With an aperture of 8 mm a gradient of 54 MV/m can be obtained with 13 MW of RF power in a 30 cm structure. A prototype cavity has been machined by VDL and diffusion bonded by Bodycote. We present initial measurements of the prototype.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO108
About •	paper received ※ 17 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 21 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO113	Design of 4 Ampere S-Band Linac Using Slotted Iris Structure for Hom Damping	linac, HOM, damping, simulation	934
	J. Pang, S. Chen, X. He CAEP/IFP, Mainyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China S. Pei, H. Shi, J.R. Zhang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	An S-band LINAC with the operating frequency of 2856 MHz and beam current of 4 A was designed for flash X-ray radiography for hydrodynamic test. The optimization of the parameters of the LINAC was processed to obtain the minimum beam radius and the maximum energy efficiency. For the purpose of reducing the beam orbits offset at the exit of LINAC, a slotted iris accelerating structure would be employed to suppress the transverse Higher Order Modes (HOMs) by cutting four radial slots in the iris to couple the HOMs to SiC loads. In this paper, we present the design of the LINAC and the results of beam dynamic analysis.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO113
About •	paper received ※ 10 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 21 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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FR1A05	Development of Pulsed Gas Strippers for Intense Beams of Heavy and Intermediate Mass Ions	operation, heavy-ion, injection, linac	982
	P. Gerhard, W.A. Barth, M. Bevcic, Ch.E. Düllmann, L. Groening, K.P. Horn, E. Jäger, J. Khuyagbaatar, J. Krier, M.T. Maier, P. Scharrer, A. Yakushev GSI, Darmstadt, Germany W.A. Barth, Ch.E. Düllmann, J. Khuyagbaatar HIM, Mainz, Germany Ch.E. Düllmann Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institut of Nuclear Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
	The GSI UNILAC together with SIS18 will serve as injector for the future FAIR. A modified 1.4~MeV/u gas stripper setup has been developed, aiming at an increased yield into the particular desired charge state. The setup delivers short pulses of high gas density in synchronization with the beam pulse. This provides a higher gas density. Different gases as stripping targets were tested. Measurements with various isotopes and gas densities were conducted to investigate the stripping properties. High intensity beams of ²³⁸U⁴⁺ were successfully stripped using hydrogen as stripping gas. The stripping efficiency was significantly increased while the beam quality remained suitable. The new stripper setup and major results achieved during the development are presented. Problems with the fast valves arose while they were used for a longer duration. Another revision of the setup took place to exchange the valves. In parallel, the installation of the required infrastructure for regular operation of the gas stripper using hydrogen was planned.
	Slides FR1A05 [10.013 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-FR1A05
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MO1P01

Status of the SNS Proton Power Upgrade Project

linac, cryomodule, injection, operation

24

J. Galambos, M.S. Champion, M.P. Howell, S.-H. Kim, J. Moss, M.A. Plum, B.W. Riemer, K.S. White
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
M. S. Connell, R. W. Steffey
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

SNS plans to double the power capability of the SNS proton beam by increasing the beam energy and the beam current. Accelerator scope includes additional superconducting RF cryo-modules and supporting RF systems, and upgrades to existing RF systems. Also the accumulator storage ring and the neutron source target will be upgraded to accommodate the additional power. The technical approach, project status and plans will be discussed.

Slides MO1P01 [6.457 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MO1P01

About •

paper received ※ 10 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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MO1P03

Status of the ESS Linac

linac, cavity, ion-source, controls

35

A. Sunesson, P. Arnold, S.L. Birch, R. Garoby, M. Jensen, M. Lindroos, C.A. Martins, A. Nordt, T.J. Shea, J.G. Weisend
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source under construction in Lund (Sweden) uses a 2 GeV-5MW pulsed superconducting linac as proton driver. Normal conducting accelerating structures are used up to 92 MeV and superconducting structures up to 2 GeV. Most linac components are designed and procured as in-kind contributions by institutes/laboratories in the European partner countries. Installation of the Ion source delivered by INFN-Catania started end 2017. Installation of more components and infrastructure progresses at a high pace. Commissioning of the normal conducting linac section will take place in parallel with installation of the superconducting section. Beam commissioning of the superconducting section will be done starting in 2021, interlaced with the installation of additional high beta cryomodules. Beam will be sent to the target in 2022, initially at an energy of 1.3 GeV. Start of the User Programme is scheduled in 2023, when some neutron instruments will be ready and end of construction is in 2025, with the full set of instruments operational. This paper reports the status of linac components construction, the progress with installation on site, and the overall project schedule.

Slides MO1P03 [14.161 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MO1P03

About •

paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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MOPO028

Survey and Alignment System of 100 MeV/100 kW Electron Linear Accelerator

quadrupole, survey, electron, neutron

87

O. Bezditko, I.I. Karnaukhov, A.Y. Zelinsky
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine

For successful operation and working of electron linear accelerator of "NEUTRON SOURCE" driver it is necessary that all the acceleration sections, the quadrupole triplets, the quadrupole lenses, the dipole magnets, the scanning magnets and the chicane should be installed in design position according design parameters. Accuracies of all electromagnetic elements installation are 150 mkm for all three rotation freedom. The whole process, fiducialization and developing of survey net, alignment is controlled by laser tracker Leica AT 401.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO028

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paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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MOPO063

Development of Side-coupled X-band Medical Linear Accelerator for Radiotherapy

cavity, linac, electron, gun

139

Y.S. Lee, Y.W. Choi, G.J. Kim, I.S. Kim, J.I. Kim, S. Kim, J.H. Lee
KERI, Changwon, Republic of Korea
J.H. Hwang, Y.N. Kang, A.R. Kim, J.N. Kim, T.G. Oh, Y.A. Oh, Y. J. Seol, J.S. Shin
The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Recently, LINAC-based radiotherapy equipment are being developed by combining with imaging devices such as CT or MRI, so that it is possible to precisely focus high dose radiation on tumor tissues while minimizing the normal tissue damage. In order to place the diagnostic and treatment devices simultaneously in a confined space, constraints related to interference and volume between the subsystems must be considered. To meet these requirements, the size and weight of the LINAC system need to be reduced, which can be achieved by applying X-band technology. For the purpose of use in IMRT based on image guided radiotherapy, we developed a 9.3 GHz X-band medical LINAC using side-coupled structure. The LINAC is designed to have the accelerating field strength of 16.8 MV/m, and the beam current transmission efficiency of 26 % at the end of accelerating cell when the supplied RF power is at 1.7 MW. Therefore, it can accelerate the electron beam up to 6.2 MeV with having about 90 mA beam current. We plan to carry out the performance test using beam diagnostics system and X-ray measurement system, and the details of design and experimental results of LINAC will be described in this paper.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO063

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paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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MOPO069

Nuclear and Mechanical Basic Design of Target for Mo-99 Production Using High Power Electron Linac

photon, electron, neutron, linac

148

A. Taghibi Khotbeh-Sara, F. Rahmani
KNTU, Tehran, Iran
F. Ghasemi
NSTRI, Tehran, Iran
H. Khalafi
AEOI, Tehran, Iran
M. Mohseni Kejani
Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Today providing enough supplies of 99mTc / 99Mo as a high usage radioisotope in diagnostic nuclear medicine for the world demand is a big challenge. One of the proofed ways to access reliable source of this radioisotopes is production using e-LINAC [1]. In this investigation it was tried to find the simple and the optimized design of 99Mo production target based on photoneutron reaction using e-LINAC. Based on the Monte-Carlo calculation for radiation transport and finite element thermal analysis, 9 thin plates of enriched 100Mo was suggested. Equal distance between plates was considered for cooling to prevent target melting. The main target includes only 100Mo in one-stage approach method to increase production rate in compare with two-stage approach [2]. Applying 2.5 m/s for inlet velocity of cooling water provides suitable cooling process with maximum temperature of target about 900 ˚C.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO069

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paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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MOPO082

Commissioning Status of the Linac for the iBNCT Project

rfq, neutron, operation, DTL

174

M. Sato, Z. Fang, M.K. Fukuda, Y. Fukui, K. Futatsukawa, Y. Honda, K. Ikegami, H. Kobayashi, C. Kubota, T. Kurihara, T. Miura, T. Miyajima, F. Naito, K. Nanmo, T. Obina, T. Shibata, T. Sugimura, A. Takagi, E. Takasaki
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Hasegawa
JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
H. Kumada, Y. Matsumoto, Su. Tanaka
Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
N. Nagura, T. Ohba
Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Tokai, Japan
T. Onishi
Tsukuba University, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Ouchi, H. Sakurayama
ATOX, Ibaraki, Japan

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is one of the particle-beam therapies which use secondary products from a neutron capture on boron medicaments implanted into cancer cells. This has been originally studied with neutrons from nuclear reactors, meanwhile, many activities have been recently projected with accelerator-based neutron generation. In the iBNCT (Ibaraki BNCT) project, the accelerator is consisted with a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and an Alvarez type drift-tube linac (DTL). Protons extracted from an ion source are accelerated up to 3 MeV and 8 MeV, respectively, and bombarded onto a beryllium target to generate neutrons. The design of the linac is based on the J-PARC one, but the most significant difference is the higher duty factor to have a sufficient epithermal neutron flux for BNCT. We have started the commissioning from the end of 2016, and the beam current of 1.3 mA with a repetition of 50 Hz has been achieved with an acceptable stability. Further beam commissioning and reinforcement of the vacuum and cooling water system will be performed toward higher beam current. In this contribution, the current status and future prospects of the linac will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO082

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paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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TUPO041

LCLS-II Cavity Higher Order Modes Coupler Tuning Optimization and Challenges at Jefferson Lab

HOM, cavity, cryomodule, vacuum

423

A.D. Solopova, D. Forehand, A.D. Palczewski
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
T.N. Khabiboulline
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

LCLS-II is a new XFEL linac based on 1.3GHz SRF linac. Half of the LCLS-II cryomodules are being produced at Jefferson Lab. This paper summarizes the Higher Order Mode filter tuning challenges at Jefferson Lab and describes optimization of the procedure for a 9-cell Tesla type cavity and its integration into a cryomodule production line.

Poster TUPO041 [0.719 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-TUPO041

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paper received ※ 11 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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TUPO068

Vertical Electropolishing of 1.3 GHz Niobium Nine-cell SRF Cavity: Bulk Removal and RF Performance

cavity, cathode, niobium, SRF

491

V. Chouhan, Y.I. Ida, K.N. Nii, T.Y. Yamaguchi
MGH, Hyogo-ken, Japan
H. Hayano, S. Kato, H. Monjushiro, T. Saeki, M. Sawabe
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
H. Ito
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
H. Oikawa
Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan

Vertical electropolishing (VEP) technique have been successfully developed for 1.3 GHz niobium (Nb) single cell cavity to achieve a smooth surface with uniform removal and better RF performance as achieved after horizontal EP (HEP) process. VEP parameters for 1.3 GHz Nb nine-cell cavities are being studied using a nine-cell coupon cavity and our unique Ninja cathode. The investigated VEP parameters heretofore were applied on a 1.3 GHz Tesla shape nine-cell superconducting RF cavity for bulk removal of 100 µm followed by fine removal of 20 and 10 µm. The interior surface was found to be smooth and shiny after the VEP process. Our recently developed dual flow technique, in which the EP acid is flown separately in the Ninja cathode housing and cavity, yielded lower asymmetry in removal along the cavity length. The cavity was tested in a vertical cryostat after the final VEP process. The cavity achieved 28.3 MV/m at Q0 value of 6.7x109. The cavity performance was almost the same as in the baseline vertical test performed after the HEP process.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-TUPO068

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paper received ※ 13 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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TUPO092

Beam Dynamics and Collimation Following MAGIX at MESA*

electron, simulation, scattering, radiation

540

B. Ledroit, K. Aulenbacher
IKP, Mainz, Germany

Funding: * Supported by the DFG through GRK 2128
The Mainz Energy-recovering Superconducting Accelerator (MESA) will be an electron accelerator allowing operation in energy-recovery linac (ERL) mode, where beam energy is recovered by decelerating the beam in linac cryomodules and transferring kinetic energy to the RF. The ERL mode provides the opportunity to operate experiments at peak energy with thin targets, combining high luminosities typical for storage rings and high beam brightness typical for linacs. The MESA Internal Gas Target Experiment (MAGIX) aims to operate jet targets at high luminosities with different gases up to Xenon. As scattering effects in the beam rise with the atomic number, investigations on the impact of the target on beam dynamics and beam losses are required for machine safety. The goal of this work is to understand target induced halo, track halo particles through downstream sections and protect the machine with a suitable collimation system and shielding from direct and indirect damage through beam losses and radiation. The present status of the investigations is presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-TUPO092

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paper received ※ 11 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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TUPO097

Design of C-band Electron Linear Accelerator for a Complex of Radiation Therapy

electron, gun, radiation, controls

550

L. Ovchinnikova, V.I. Shvedunov
SINP MSU, Moscow, Russia
L. Ovchinnikova, V.I. Shvedunov
LEA MSU, Moscow, Russia

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, under Grant Agreement No. 14.582.21.0011, Grant Agreement Unique ID RFMEFI58217X0011.
The report presents the design of the linear electron accelerator for a complex of radiation therapy. The three-electrode electron gun and C-band accelerating structure are optimised to produce a therapeutic electron beam with an energy of 6 MeV and a dose rate of 10 Gy/min and a beam with an energy of 2.5 MeV to obtain a portal image. The beam size at the bremsstrahlung target in both modes does not exceed 2 mm. The total length of the accelerating system with the electron gun does not exceed 330 mm. The accelerating structure is fed by RF power from a multibeam klystron at a frequency of 5,712 MHz with a maximum pulsed power of 3.5 MW.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-TUPO097

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paper received ※ 10 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO021

Research on X Ray Characteristics Produced by Highenergy Picosecond Electron Beam Shooting

electron, photon, linac, radiation

729

X.D. Zhang, X.P. Ouyang, B. Sun, X.J. Tan, X.F. Weng
NINT, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China

Funding: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11375142)
The X ray sources based on electron linac can produce X-rays with high energy, concentrated directions, and strong penetrating power, which have been widely applied in various fields. An electronic linear accelerator which has been built at present can provide an electron beam with energy of 120 MeV and pulse width of picosecond. The electron beam shooting at the metal targets can produce ultra-fast pulsed X-rays in the order of picosecond. In this paper, the pulse X ray characteristics are studied through simulating electron beam shooting at four metal targets with different thickness of Au, Ta, U, W and Pb by MCNPX program. The calculation shows that the X-rays can reach about 1010p/pulse and the pulse width can reach about picosecond level, when the pulsed electron beams with energy of 120 MeV ,charge of 0.5nC and pulse width of picosecond shooting at Ta targets. The yield and time width of pulsed X-rays are related to the diameter and thickness of the target.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO021

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paper received ※ 11 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 08 October 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO040

Operation Experiences of the J-PARC Linac

linac, operation, DTL, cavity

774

K. Hasegawa
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

The J-PARC linac has delivered beam to users since 2008. As of 2018, the linac provides a 40 mA beam at an energy of 400 MeV to the following Rapid Cycling Synchrotron. We have had many issues to impede high availability during the operation. One of them was troubles of high voltage power supply of klystrons. The other category is related to vacuum property in accelerating cavities. The vacuum pumps were reinforced at the RFQ#1 in 2009. The cleaning of the inside surface of some acceleration cavities were performed after the big earthquake in 2011. The cooling water flow rate drop had been a long-time issue. We modified a cooling system to take better flow balances. As a result of these improvement, the availability is approximately 92% or more in these days. However, we have encountered another issue due to some aging components. The operation experiences and availability improvement at the J-PARC linac will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO040

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paper received ※ 19 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 08 October 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO097

Recent Results for Study of Ceramic and Copper Plating for Power Couplers

electron, survey, controls, SRF

905

Y. Yamamoto, E. Kako, S. Michizono
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
E. Cenni
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
A. Four
CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Y. Okii
Nomura Plating Co, Ltd., Osaka, Japan

KEK has conducted a survey to select an optimum ceramic after withdrawal by a domestic manufacturing company two years ago. For this selection, there are four important items on the properties of ceramic; that is, relative permittivity, dielectric loss tangent, surface and volume resistance, and secondary electron emission coefficient. For measurements of these parameters, five kinds of ceramic samples supplied from three companies were measured using three kinds of measurement systems. For measurement of secondary electron emission, scanning electron microscope (SEM) with beam blanking system was used. On the other hand, residual resistivity ratio (RRR) for copper plating, which is the most important item for quality control, has also been carried out while changing plating thickness and acid temperature. In this report, the recent results for these studies will be presented in detailed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO097

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paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO108

Development of an High Gradient Side Coupled Cavity for PROBE

cavity, proton, linac, coupling

924

S. Pitman, R. Apsimon, G. Burt
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
N. Catalán Lasheras, A. Grudiev, W. Wuensch
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
H.L. Owen
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom

The PROBE project aims to develop a high gradient proton accelerator for protons with energy around 250-350 MeV for proton radiography. Detailed studies have shown that the optimum design is a side coupled cavity at S-band. With an aperture of 8 mm a gradient of 54 MV/m can be obtained with 13 MW of RF power in a 30 cm structure. A prototype cavity has been machined by VDL and diffusion bonded by Bodycote. We present initial measurements of the prototype.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO108

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paper received ※ 17 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 21 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO113

Design of 4 Ampere S-Band Linac Using Slotted Iris Structure for Hom Damping

linac, HOM, damping, simulation

934

J. Pang, S. Chen, X. He
CAEP/IFP, Mainyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
S. Pei, H. Shi, J.R. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

An S-band LINAC with the operating frequency of 2856 MHz and beam current of 4 A was designed for flash X-ray radiography for hydrodynamic test. The optimization of the parameters of the LINAC was processed to obtain the minimum beam radius and the maximum energy efficiency. For the purpose of reducing the beam orbits offset at the exit of LINAC, a slotted iris accelerating structure would be employed to suppress the transverse Higher Order Modes (HOMs) by cutting four radial slots in the iris to couple the HOMs to SiC loads. In this paper, we present the design of the LINAC and the results of beam dynamic analysis.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO113

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paper received ※ 10 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 21 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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FR1A05

Development of Pulsed Gas Strippers for Intense Beams of Heavy and Intermediate Mass Ions

operation, heavy-ion, injection, linac

982

P. Gerhard, W.A. Barth, M. Bevcic, Ch.E. Düllmann, L. Groening, K.P. Horn, E. Jäger, J. Khuyagbaatar, J. Krier, M.T. Maier, P. Scharrer, A. Yakushev
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
W.A. Barth, Ch.E. Düllmann, J. Khuyagbaatar
HIM, Mainz, Germany
Ch.E. Düllmann
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institut of Nuclear Chemistry, Mainz, Germany

The GSI UNILAC together with SIS18 will serve as injector for the future FAIR. A modified 1.4~MeV/u gas stripper setup has been developed, aiming at an increased yield into the particular desired charge state. The setup delivers short pulses of high gas density in synchronization with the beam pulse. This provides a higher gas density. Different gases as stripping targets were tested. Measurements with various isotopes and gas densities were conducted to investigate the stripping properties. High intensity beams of ²³⁸U⁴⁺ were successfully stripped using hydrogen as stripping gas. The stripping efficiency was significantly increased while the beam quality remained suitable. The new stripper setup and major results achieved during the development are presented. Problems with the fast valves arose while they were used for a longer duration. Another revision of the setup took place to exchange the valves. In parallel, the installation of the required infrastructure for regular operation of the gas stripper using hydrogen was planned.

Slides FR1A05 [10.013 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-FR1A05

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paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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