LINAC2018 - Classification: Proton and Ion Accelerators and Applications / Proton linac projects

Paper	Title	Page
MO1A01	CSNS Front End and Linac Commissioning	1
	S. Fu, H.C. Liu, H.F. Ouyang, S. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China J. Li, J. Peng CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
	The China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS) accelera-tor systems is designed to deliver a 1.6GeV, 100kW proton beam to a solid metal target for neutron scattering research. The accelerator consists of a front end, an 80MeV DTL linac, and a 1.6GeV Rapid Cycling Syn-chrotron (RCS). In August 2017 the first 1.6GeV proton beam hit on the tungsten target and production neutrons were monitored. This paper will report the major steps and results of the machine commissioning and beam commissioning of the CSNS front end and linac. In the first section, a brief introduction of the CSNS accelerator design and present status will be presented. Then, we will share our commissioning experience in the front end and the DTL linac in the following sections.
	Slides MO1A01 [9.123 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MO1A01
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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MO1P01	Status of the SNS Proton Power Upgrade Project	24
	J. Galambos, M.S. Champion, M.P. Howell, S.-H. Kim, J. Moss, M.A. Plum, B.W. Riemer, K.S. White ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA M. S. Connell, R. W. Steffey ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	SNS plans to double the power capability of the SNS proton beam by increasing the beam energy and the beam current. Accelerator scope includes additional superconducting RF cryo-modules and supporting RF systems, and upgrades to existing RF systems. Also the accumulator storage ring and the neutron source target will be upgraded to accommodate the additional power. The technical approach, project status and plans will be discussed.
	Slides MO1P01 [6.457 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MO1P01
About •	paper received ※ 10 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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MO1P02	Approaches to High Power Operation of J-PARC Accelerator	29
	H. Oguri JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
	Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) accelerators have been having over 10 years of operation experience. In 2006, the J-PARC linac started beam operation with an energy of 181 MeV. To realize the nominal performance of 1 MW at 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) and 0.75 MW at a 30 GeV Main Ring synchrotron (MR), the linac energy was upgrade to 400 MeV by adding an annular-ring coupled structure linac, and the beam current was also upgraded from 30 to 50 mA by replacing a new ion source and an RFQ. After the upgrade, the RCS demonstrated 1MW equivalent beam operation and currently operates 400 kW for the Material and Life Science Facility. The MR beam power is increasing and becomes about 480 kW beam to the Neutrino Facility and about 50 kW at the Hadron Experimental Facility. Further upgrade plan of 1.5 MW beam power from the RCS is now in consideration. To achieve the plan, it is necessary to increase by about 20 % both beam current and pulse length at the linac. The detail process in the past upgrade and the possibility for further upgrade at the linac will be presented in this talk.
	Slides MO1P02 [5.595 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MO1P02
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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MO1P03	Status of the ESS Linac	35
	A. Sunesson, P. Arnold, S.L. Birch, R. Garoby, M. Jensen, M. Lindroos, C.A. Martins, A. Nordt, T.J. Shea, J.G. Weisend ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source under construction in Lund (Sweden) uses a 2 GeV-5MW pulsed superconducting linac as proton driver. Normal conducting accelerating structures are used up to 92 MeV and superconducting structures up to 2 GeV. Most linac components are designed and procured as in-kind contributions by institutes/laboratories in the European partner countries. Installation of the Ion source delivered by INFN-Catania started end 2017. Installation of more components and infrastructure progresses at a high pace. Commissioning of the normal conducting linac section will take place in parallel with installation of the superconducting section. Beam commissioning of the superconducting section will be done starting in 2021, interlaced with the installation of additional high beta cryomodules. Beam will be sent to the target in 2022, initially at an energy of 1.3 GeV. Start of the User Programme is scheduled in 2023, when some neutron instruments will be ready and end of construction is in 2025, with the full set of instruments operational. This paper reports the status of linac components construction, the progress with installation on site, and the overall project schedule.
	Slides MO1P03 [14.161 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MO1P03
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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TUPO013	Commissioning Status of the LIGHT Development Machine	352
	G. De Michele, J. Adam, D. Aguilera Murciano, A. Benot-Morell, R. Bonomi, F. Cabaleiro Magallanes, M. Caldara, G. D’Auria, A. Degiovanni, M. Esposito, S. Fanella, D. Fazio, D.A. Fink, Y. Fusco, M. Gonzalez, P. Gradassi, L. Kobzeva, G. Levy, G. Magrin, A. Marraffa, A. Milla, R. Moser, P. Nadig, G. Nuessle, A. Patino-Revuelta, T. Rutter, F. Salveter, A. Samoshkin, L. Wallet A.D.A.M. SA, Meyrin, Switzerland M. Breitenfeldt, C. Candolfi, G. Castorina, M. Cerv, V.A. Dimov, M.T. Gallas, S. Gibson, A. S. Gonzalez, Ye. Ivanisenko, A. Jeff, V. F. Khan, S. Magnoni, J.L. Navarro Quirante, H. Pavetits, P. Paz Neira, S.G. Soriano, P. Stabile, K. Stachyra, A. Valloni, C. Zannini AVO-ADAM, Meyrin, Switzerland G. D’Auria Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
	ADAM (Application of Detectors and Accelerators to Medicine) is a CERN spin-off company currently working on the construction and testing of the LIGHT (Linac for Image-Guided Hadron Therapy) machine. LIGHT is an innovative high-frequency linac based proton therapy system designed to accelerate protons up to 230 MeV: it consists of three different linac sections i.e. a 750 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerating the beam up to 5 MeV; a 3 GHz Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac (SCDTL) up to 37.5 MeV; and a 3 GHz Coupled Cavity Linac (CCL) section up to 230 MeV. The compact and modular design is based on cutting edge technologies developed for particle colliders and adapted to the needs of hadron therapy beams. The LIGHT development machine is currently being built at CERN and this paper describes its design aspects and its different stages of installation and commissioning.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-TUPO013
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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WE2A02	Operational Enhancements for the LANSCE Isotope Production Facility
	M. Pieck LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Isotopes produced at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) are saving lives, advancing cutting-edge research, and helping to address national security questions. For the past two years LANL’s Accelerator Operations & Technology Division has executed a $6.4M improvement project for the Isotope Production Facility. The goals were to reduce the programmatic risk and enhance facility reliability while at the same time pursuing opportunities to increase general isotope production capacity. This has led to some exciting innovations. In this paper we will discuss the engineering designs for an upgraded beam raster system, a new beam diagnostics capabilities and our new collimator, which is both adjustable and ’active’ (beam current and temperature measurements). We will report on results obtained and lessons learned from the commissioning phase and initial production run.
	Slides WE2A02 [5.643 MB]
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TH1P01	Commissioning of CERN LINAC4	658
	A.M. Lombardi CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	This talk reviews the commissioning effort of CERN’s new H⁻ linear accelerator, Linac4, which is presently undergoing a beam quality and reliability run. Linac4 will be connected to the LHC proton injector chain during the next long LHC shutdown (LS2) and will then replace the 50MeV proton Linac2.
	Slides TH1P01 [4.591 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-TH1P01
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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TH1P03	New Trends in Proton and Carbon Therapy Linacs	666
	S. Benedetti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In the last years, many developments have contributed to make feasible an all linac solution for proton and carbon ion therapy, with typical output energies of about 200 MeV and 400 MeV/u, respectively. The efficient beam matching of the source to the high-energy linacs, operating at 3 GHz, represents one of the major challenges. With the successful test of a 750 MHz RFQ at CERN, this possibility starts to be a reality. At the same time CERN is testing a high-gradient S-band cavity, successfully exceeding the accelerating gradient goal of 50 MV/m - more than twice what has been obtained before - and paving the way to more compact medical facilities. In this paper, some of the most significant projects involving linear accelerators for hadron therapy will be presented.
	Slides TH1P03 [3.378 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-TH1P03
About •	paper received ※ 11 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 21 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO022	Development Progress of the H⁺/H⁻ Linear Accelerators at Tsinghua University	732
THOP06	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	Q.Z. Xing, C.B. Bi, C. Cheng, C.T. Du, T.B. Du, X. Guan, Q.K. Guo, Y. Lei, P.F. Ma, S. Shuai, R. Tang, X.W. Wang, X.D. Xudong, H.Y. Zhang, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China W.Q. Guan, Y. He, J. Li NUCTECH, Beijing, People’s Republic of China W.L. Liu, B.C. Wang, Z.M. Wang, Y. Yang, C. Zhao NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China
	We present, in this paper, the development progress of the 13MeV proton linac for the Compact Pulsed Hadron Source (CPHS), and the 7MeV H⁻ linac injector for the synchrotron of the Xi’an 200MeV Proton Application Facility (XiPAF).
	Slides THPO022 [4.421 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO022
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO026	The Multi-physics Analysis of Dual-beam Drift Tube Linac	735
	T. He, L. Lu, W. Ma, L.P. Sun, C.C. Xing, X.B. Xu, L. Yang IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
	The DB-DTL prototype is proposed to validate the fea-sibility of multi-beam accelerator in middle energy region. The main parameters are listed in Table.1. The DB-DTL will operate as pulse injector with the capacity of accelerating proton from 0.56 MeV to 2.5 MeV. The 35.83 kW normalized power dissipation of DB-DTL dis-sipated on the cavity internal surface will heat the cavity and cause cavity temperature rise and structural defor-mation, which will lead to resonant frequency shifting. The cooling water takes away the power to resolve this problem. In this paper, detailed multi-physics field simu-lation of DB-DTL is performed by using ANSYS multi-physics, which is a coupled electromagnetic, thermal and structural analysis.
	Poster THPO026 [0.759 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO026
About •	paper received ※ 11 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO028	Magnetic Field Measurement and Analysis for Drift Tube Linac of CSNS	738
	B. Li, M.X. Fan, A.H. Li, P.H. Qu, Y. Wang, X.L. Wu CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China Q. Chen, K.Y. Gong, W. Kang, H.C. Liu, J.X. Zhou IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China(11105166)； Youth Innovation Promotion Association（2015011） A 324MHz Alvarez-type Drift Tube Linac (DTL) is used to accelerate the H⁻ ion beam from 3 to 80 MeV with peak current 15mA for China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). DTL is composed by 36 meters cavity and 161 DTs, the DT magnet coil adopted SAKAE structure with compact, smaller aperture. Magnetic field is measured by self-developed high precision rotating coil measurement system. This paper introduces the rotating coil measure-ment system simply and presents the 161 DTs magnetic field measurement results comprehensively, include mag-netic field center offset, integral magnetic field, higher-order harmonics. In addition, cooling test result of magnet coil is also presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO028
About •	paper received ※ 31 August 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO029	Quality Factor and Power Loss of the CSNS DTL	741
	P.H. Qu, M.X. Fan, A.H. Li, B. Li, J. Peng, Y. Wang, X.L. Wu CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China Q. Chen, K.Y. Gong, H.C. Liu IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	An Alvarez-type Drift tube linac (DTL) was utilized to accelerate the H⁻ ion beam of up to 15mA peak current from 3 to 80MeV of China Spallation neutron source (CSNS). For ease of manufacturing and measurement, the CSNS DTL was divided into four independent cavities. The Q factor of four cavities were given, including the measurement results of low-power[1] and high-power[2], and several reasons for the low Q factor of the cavity in the measurement process were analysed. During the op-eration of the DTL, the frequent alarm of the water flow switch causes the power of the cavity to fall to 0. Esti-mate the power loss of each component, under the cir-cumstances of ensuring adequate water flow, reduce the alarm threshold of the water flow switch of some compo-nents to improve the stability of the system.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO029
About •	paper received ※ 22 August 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO030	Operation Experience of the CSNS DTL	744
	H.C. Liu, Q. Chen, S. Fu, K.Y. Gong IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China M.X. Fan, A.H. Li, B. Li, J. Peng, P.H. Qu, Y. Wang, X.L. Wu CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
	The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) Drift tube linac (DTL) accelerates H⁻ beam from 3 to 80MeV with 4 independent tanks. The 80MeV beam acceleration was achieved in January 2018. The linac is a key to the reliability of the whole CSNS facility since all the beams stop when these upstream facilities fail. Many efforts have been made for DTL reliable operation. This paper presents the operation experience learned in DTL com-missioning.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO030
About •	paper received ※ 28 August 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO031	RF Conditioning and Beam Commissioning Status of CSNS DTL	747
	Y. Wang, M.X. Fan, A.H. Li, B. Li, J. Peng, P.H. Qu, X.L. Wu CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China Q. Chen, K.Y. Gong, H.C. Liu IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The high power RF conditioning of CSNS DTL was finished in April 2017 with peak input power 1.6MW, 650us pulse width, 25Hz repetition frequency. With careful tuning of RF amplitude and phase, beam was accelerated to 80MeV successfully with maximum peak beam current 12mA and about 98% transmission efficiency. DTL operate stably at full power level with several trips per day without beam interruption after six months commissioning. The whole RF conditioning process was presented and some details of beam commissioning were described in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO031
About •	paper received ※ 05 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO032	CSNS Linac Beam Commissioning Tools and Experience	750
	Y. Li, Z.P. Li, S. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China J. Peng CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
	The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) successfully accelerated the H⁻ beam to 80 MeV in January 2018, marking a key progress in the beam commissioning. One of the keys to success is the development and use of software tools. XAL, a Java-based software infrastructure originally developed by SNS was applied for CSNS beam commissioning. We have developed and transplanted many applications based on XAL. Some of the applications for the Linac are described ,and some experiences are shared.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO032
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO033	The Development of Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles for Xipaf DTL	753
	B.C. Wang, M.T. Qiu, Z.M. Wang, C.Y. Wei NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China C.T. Du, Q.K. Guo, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Permanent magnet quadrupoles (PMQs) are developed for the DTL of Xi’an 200 MeV Proton Application Facility (XiPAF). In this paper, we describe the fabrication and measurements for the Halbach-type PMQs. The main procedure of the PMQ manufacture is presented. And the magnetic measurements of PMQs are carried out with the help of vibrating wire, Hall probe and rotating coil respectively. The results show the PMQs are able to meet the requirements of XiPAF DTL.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO033
About •	paper received ※ 10 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO034	Experimental Study of Tuning Method on a Model Alvarez DTL Cavity for CPHS Project	756
	Y. Lei, X. Guan, R. Tang, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	This article is devoted to the experimental study of tun-ing method for an Alvarez-type drift tube linac (DTL) of the Compact Pulse Hadron Source (CPHS) project at Tsinghua University. The biperiodic structure based on the post couplers are introduced to overcome the instability of the Alvarez DTL tank which is used to operate in 0 (or 2π) mode. The experimental method and results are pre-sented, and the tuning scheme for the formal CPHS DTL is summarized from the tuning experiment.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO034
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO035	Tuning and Low Power Test of the 325 MHz IH-DTL at Tsinghua University	759
	R. Tang, C.T. Du, X. Guan, Y. Lei, P.F. Ma, K.D. Man, C.-X. Tang, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, W.B. Ye, H.Y. Zhang, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China J. Li NUCTECH, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	An interdigital H-mode drift tube linac (IH-DTL), which accelerates proton beam from 3 MeV to 7 MeV has been designed and assembled at Tsinghua University. There are 8 plungers in the 1 m tank and one co-axial coupler is used to feed the power. The frequency is tuned to 325 MHz. The field distribution is measured by the bead perturbation method. Finally, the gap voltage error has been tuned to be smaller than ±3.0%, which satisfies the design requirement. The Q factor of the tank is 7000 while the power dissipation is 244 kW. Details of the low power test is presented.
	Poster THPO035 [1.268 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO035
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO036	Error Study of CPHS DTL after Assembly	763
SPWR014	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	P.F. Ma, C.T. Du, X. Guan, Q.K. Guo, Y. Lei, R. Tang, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China B.C. Wang NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China
	The Compact Pulsed Hadron Source (CPHS) at Tsinghua University is one multi-purpose pulsed neutron source. The injector of the CPHS is a linac, which mainly consists of a source, a low-energy beam transport line (LEBT), a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and a drift tube linac (DTL). The error study of the DTL for CPHS is presented in this paper. The error study can provide the field tolerances in the DTL cavity and the alignment tolerance between the RFQ and DTL.
	Poster THPO036 [2.645 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO036
About •	paper received ※ 06 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO038	Status of the Power Couplers for the CSNS DTL	767
	M.X. Fan, A.H. Li, B. Li, P.H. Qu, Y. Wang, X.L. Wu CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China Q. Chen, K.Y. Gong, H.C. Liu IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	There are four Drift Tube Linac (DTL) tanks in China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) Project. Each DTL tank requires a power coupler with a peak power of 2 MW and a duty cycle of 1.5% for beam operation. After approximately two years machining, all four couplers were already installed in the tunnel before year 2017. Up to now, the first phase of beam tuning has been completed, the maximum transmission power of the coupler exceeds 1.7 MW with a pulse width of 650 μs and a repetition rate of 25 Hz, meanwhile, the vacuum is maintained on the order of 10^-6 Pa during the operation and no breakdown was observed. This paper describes the architecture, the fabrication, the low power test results and the high power conditioning process of the coupler. Some problems encountered are also presented. This work was supported by Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS (2015011)
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO038
About •	paper received ※ 30 August 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO039	The Status of CSNS Front End	771
	H. Li, X. Cao, W. Chen, T. Huang, S. Liu, K. Xue CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China S. Fu, Y.J. Lv, H.F. Ouyang, Y.C. Xiao IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	CSNS front end is currently under running, which consists of a H⁻ penning ion source(IS), a low energy beam transport(LEBT), a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and a medium energy beam transport(MEBT). CSNS ion source is a type of Penning surface plasma source, similar to ISIS ion source. Cesium is used to enhance the H⁻ ion production efficiency. The ion source is running with duty factor of 1.25%(25Hz and 500us). Normally, 40mA H⁻ beam from ion source with 50keV can be delivered into LEBT. Three solenoids and two direction magnets are employed to transport and match the beam from the ion source into the RFQ. The pre-chopper is installed at the end of LEBT. The chopper mainly works at 3.8-4.2 kV and 1 MHz rate, which is about the RF frequency of the ring at injection. The rise time is less than 10ns，which fulfills the requirement of ring injection. For the RFQ, it is a 324MHz 4-vane type with a output energy of 3.0MeV and the length of 3.62m. The input cavity power is about 400kW. During commissioning, 16mA H⁻ beam can be obtained at the exit of RFQ, and the RFQ transmission rate is up to 94%.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO039
About •	paper received ※ 03 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO040	Operation Experiences of the J-PARC Linac	774
	K. Hasegawa JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	The J-PARC linac has delivered beam to users since 2008. As of 2018, the linac provides a 40 mA beam at an energy of 400 MeV to the following Rapid Cycling Synchrotron. We have had many issues to impede high availability during the operation. One of them was troubles of high voltage power supply of klystrons. The other category is related to vacuum property in accelerating cavities. The vacuum pumps were reinforced at the RFQ#1 in 2009. The cleaning of the inside surface of some acceleration cavities were performed after the big earthquake in 2011. The cooling water flow rate drop had been a long-time issue. We modified a cooling system to take better flow balances. As a result of these improvement, the availability is approximately 92% or more in these days. However, we have encountered another issue due to some aging components. The operation experiences and availability improvement at the J-PARC linac will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO040
About •	paper received ※ 19 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 08 October 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO042	An Optimization Method of the Nose-cone Buncher Cavity	778
	W.L. Liu, P.T. Cong, Z.M. Wang NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China H. Jiang, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The nose-cone buncher cavity is widely used on proton accelerators. It’s important to properly optimize the cavity geometry for fine RF performance. Howev-er, currently the optimization is usually carried out manually and the criteria are not objective enough. In this paper, an optimization method using the multi-objective, multi-variable optimization approach is presented. The geometry and RF parameters are con-sidered as the variables and objectives respectively. The goal function is defined as the weighted sum of multiple RF parameters. The multi-variable functions are approximately derived from the single-variable functions based on electromagnetic simulation. And an optimization code is developed accordingly which has been applied to the XiPAF debuncher optimization.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO042
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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THPO043	ESS Normal Conducting Linac Status and Plans	781
	E. Sargsyan, H. Danared, F. Hellström, G. Hulla, Ø. Midttun, J.S. Schmidt ESS, Lund, Sweden I. Bustinduy, N. Garmendia, J.L. Muñoz ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain L. Celona, S. Gammino, L. Neri INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy A.C. Chauveau, B. Pottin CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France F. Grespan, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy P. Mereu INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy
	The European Spallation Source (ESS) uses a linear accelerator to deliver the high intensity proton beam to the target station for producing intense beams of neutrons. The average beam power is 5 MW with a peak beam power at the target of 125 MW. The normal conducting linear accelerator (linac) operating at 352.21 MHz accelerates a proton beam of 62.5 mA from 0.075 to 90 MeV. It consists of an ion source, Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT), and Drift Tube Linac (DTL). The design, construction and testing of those structures is done by European partner labs as an in-kind contribution to the ESS project. This paper presents the status and plans for the ESS normal conducting linac. E.Sargsyan for the ESS NC Linac collaboration team
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO043
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THPO045	Tuning Esperience on the ESS DTL Cold Model	784
	F. Grespan, A. Baldo, P. Bottin, G.S. Mauro, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy P. Mereu, M. Mezzano INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy
	An aluminum model of the ESS DTL tank 2 has been delivered to INFN-LNL in december 2017. The tank is 7.1 m long, equipped with movable tuners and movable post couplers. The purpose of this DTL model is to verify the RF design choices (in particular on the first 2 tanks where the Post coupler distribution is irregular) as well as implement and debug algorithms and procedure for stabilization and tuning. The preparatory simulation work and the results of measurements campaign are here presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO045
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THPO046	Status of the FAIR Proton Linac	787
	C.M. Kleffner, S. Appel, R. Berezov, J. Fils, P. Forck, M. Kaiser, K. Knie, C. Mühle, S. Puetz, A. Schnase, G. Schreiber, A. Seibel, T. Sieber, V. Srinivasan, J. Trüller, W. Vinzenz, C. Will GSI, Darmstadt, Germany A. Almomani, H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger, M. Schuett, M. Syha IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	As part of the accelerator chain for antiproton production of the FAIR facility, a special high-intensity short pulsed 325 MHz proton linac is being developed. The Proton linac is designed to deliver a beam current of 70 mA with an energy of 68 MeV. A 2.45 GHz ECR source designed for the generation of 100 mA beams with an energy of 95 keV is currently being tested at CEA/Saclay. The production of the structure of the IAP ladder RFQ is nearly completed. First parts of the RFQ vacuum chambers have been successfully copperplated at the GSI. Seven Thales Klystrons have been delivered to GSI at the beginning of 2018 and are nearly ready for use. The completion of the setup of the HV modulator is expected end of the year 2018. The state of procurement and development of further accelerator components will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO046
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FR2A01	Development and Beam Commissioning of 10’25 MeV Superconducting CW Proton Linac for China ADS Project
	H.W. Zhao IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China W.M. Pan IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	A 25 MeV CW superconducting proton linac has been developed by collaboration between IMP and IHEP to demonstrate key technologies of ADS linac. The 25 MeV superconducting proton linac is composed of ECR proton source, LEBT, a 2.1 MeV/162.5 MHz four-vane RFQ, MEBT and a superconducting linac section which consists of three cryomodules built by IMP based on HWR cavity at 162.5 MHz frequency and one cryomodule built by IHEP based on SPOKE cavity at 325 MHz. Stable proton beam acceleration with CW 2 mA/10 MeV has been demonstrated successfully at IMP by 12 HWR cavities with two cryomodules operating at 4.5 k. Beam commissioning with pulsed 10 mA/25 MeV and CW 0.2 mA/25 MeV has been conducted. A lot of efforts have been made to achieve a long-term stable CW beam operation during the beam commissioning. Hours continuous operation without beam trip at CW 0.2 mA/18 MeV was achieved. Recently the low level RF control system and other sub-systems are under refurbishment and the next goal of beam commissioning is CW 1 mA/25 MeV. This talk will present development and the latest beam commissioning results of the 10’25 MeV superconducting proton linac and the lessons learned.
	Slides FR2A01 [14.744 MB]
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Paper

Title

Page

CSNS Front End and Linac Commissioning

1

S. Fu, H.C. Liu, H.F. Ouyang, S. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
J. Li, J. Peng
CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China

The China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS) accelera-tor systems is designed to deliver a 1.6GeV, 100kW proton beam to a solid metal target for neutron scattering research. The accelerator consists of a front end, an 80MeV DTL linac, and a 1.6GeV Rapid Cycling Syn-chrotron (RCS). In August 2017 the first 1.6GeV proton beam hit on the tungsten target and production neutrons were monitored. This paper will report the major steps and results of the machine commissioning and beam commissioning of the CSNS front end and linac. In the first section, a brief introduction of the CSNS accelerator design and present status will be presented. Then, we will share our commissioning experience in the front end and the DTL linac in the following sections.

Slides MO1A01 [9.123 MB]

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MO1P01

Status of the SNS Proton Power Upgrade Project

24

J. Galambos, M.S. Champion, M.P. Howell, S.-H. Kim, J. Moss, M.A. Plum, B.W. Riemer, K.S. White
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
M. S. Connell, R. W. Steffey
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

SNS plans to double the power capability of the SNS proton beam by increasing the beam energy and the beam current. Accelerator scope includes additional superconducting RF cryo-modules and supporting RF systems, and upgrades to existing RF systems. Also the accumulator storage ring and the neutron source target will be upgraded to accommodate the additional power. The technical approach, project status and plans will be discussed.

Slides MO1P01 [6.457 MB]

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paper received ※ 10 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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MO1P02

Approaches to High Power Operation of J-PARC Accelerator

29

H. Oguri
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) accelerators have been having over 10 years of operation experience. In 2006, the J-PARC linac started beam operation with an energy of 181 MeV. To realize the nominal performance of 1 MW at 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) and 0.75 MW at a 30 GeV Main Ring synchrotron (MR), the linac energy was upgrade to 400 MeV by adding an annular-ring coupled structure linac, and the beam current was also upgraded from 30 to 50 mA by replacing a new ion source and an RFQ. After the upgrade, the RCS demonstrated 1MW equivalent beam operation and currently operates 400 kW for the Material and Life Science Facility. The MR beam power is increasing and becomes about 480 kW beam to the Neutrino Facility and about 50 kW at the Hadron Experimental Facility. Further upgrade plan of 1.5 MW beam power from the RCS is now in consideration. To achieve the plan, it is necessary to increase by about 20 % both beam current and pulse length at the linac. The detail process in the past upgrade and the possibility for further upgrade at the linac will be presented in this talk.

Slides MO1P02 [5.595 MB]

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MO1P03

Status of the ESS Linac

35

A. Sunesson, P. Arnold, S.L. Birch, R. Garoby, M. Jensen, M. Lindroos, C.A. Martins, A. Nordt, T.J. Shea, J.G. Weisend
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source under construction in Lund (Sweden) uses a 2 GeV-5MW pulsed superconducting linac as proton driver. Normal conducting accelerating structures are used up to 92 MeV and superconducting structures up to 2 GeV. Most linac components are designed and procured as in-kind contributions by institutes/laboratories in the European partner countries. Installation of the Ion source delivered by INFN-Catania started end 2017. Installation of more components and infrastructure progresses at a high pace. Commissioning of the normal conducting linac section will take place in parallel with installation of the superconducting section. Beam commissioning of the superconducting section will be done starting in 2021, interlaced with the installation of additional high beta cryomodules. Beam will be sent to the target in 2022, initially at an energy of 1.3 GeV. Start of the User Programme is scheduled in 2023, when some neutron instruments will be ready and end of construction is in 2025, with the full set of instruments operational. This paper reports the status of linac components construction, the progress with installation on site, and the overall project schedule.

Slides MO1P03 [14.161 MB]

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TUPO013

Commissioning Status of the LIGHT Development Machine

352

G. De Michele, J. Adam, D. Aguilera Murciano, A. Benot-Morell, R. Bonomi, F. Cabaleiro Magallanes, M. Caldara, G. D’Auria, A. Degiovanni, M. Esposito, S. Fanella, D. Fazio, D.A. Fink, Y. Fusco, M. Gonzalez, P. Gradassi, L. Kobzeva, G. Levy, G. Magrin, A. Marraffa, A. Milla, R. Moser, P. Nadig, G. Nuessle, A. Patino-Revuelta, T. Rutter, F. Salveter, A. Samoshkin, L. Wallet
A.D.A.M. SA, Meyrin, Switzerland
M. Breitenfeldt, C. Candolfi, G. Castorina, M. Cerv, V.A. Dimov, M.T. Gallas, S. Gibson, A. S. Gonzalez, Ye. Ivanisenko, A. Jeff, V. F. Khan, S. Magnoni, J.L. Navarro Quirante, H. Pavetits, P. Paz Neira, S.G. Soriano, P. Stabile, K. Stachyra, A. Valloni, C. Zannini
AVO-ADAM, Meyrin, Switzerland
G. D’Auria
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy

ADAM (Application of Detectors and Accelerators to Medicine) is a CERN spin-off company currently working on the construction and testing of the LIGHT (Linac for Image-Guided Hadron Therapy) machine. LIGHT is an innovative high-frequency linac based proton therapy system designed to accelerate protons up to 230 MeV: it consists of three different linac sections i.e. a 750 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerating the beam up to 5 MeV; a 3 GHz Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac (SCDTL) up to 37.5 MeV; and a 3 GHz Coupled Cavity Linac (CCL) section up to 230 MeV. The compact and modular design is based on cutting edge technologies developed for particle colliders and adapted to the needs of hadron therapy beams. The LIGHT development machine is currently being built at CERN and this paper describes its design aspects and its different stages of installation and commissioning.

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WE2A02

Operational Enhancements for the LANSCE Isotope Production Facility

M. Pieck
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Isotopes produced at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) are saving lives, advancing cutting-edge research, and helping to address national security questions. For the past two years LANL’s Accelerator Operations & Technology Division has executed a $6.4M improvement project for the Isotope Production Facility. The goals were to reduce the programmatic risk and enhance facility reliability while at the same time pursuing opportunities to increase general isotope production capacity. This has led to some exciting innovations. In this paper we will discuss the engineering designs for an upgraded beam raster system, a new beam diagnostics capabilities and our new collimator, which is both adjustable and ’active’ (beam current and temperature measurements). We will report on results obtained and lessons learned from the commissioning phase and initial production run.

Slides WE2A02 [5.643 MB]

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TH1P01

Commissioning of CERN LINAC4

658

A.M. Lombardi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

This talk reviews the commissioning effort of CERN’s new H⁻ linear accelerator, Linac4, which is presently undergoing a beam quality and reliability run. Linac4 will be connected to the LHC proton injector chain during the next long LHC shutdown (LS2) and will then replace the 50MeV proton Linac2.

Slides TH1P01 [4.591 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-TH1P01

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TH1P03

New Trends in Proton and Carbon Therapy Linacs

666

S. Benedetti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In the last years, many developments have contributed to make feasible an all linac solution for proton and carbon ion therapy, with typical output energies of about 200 MeV and 400 MeV/u, respectively. The efficient beam matching of the source to the high-energy linacs, operating at 3 GHz, represents one of the major challenges. With the successful test of a 750 MHz RFQ at CERN, this possibility starts to be a reality. At the same time CERN is testing a high-gradient S-band cavity, successfully exceeding the accelerating gradient goal of 50 MV/m - more than twice what has been obtained before - and paving the way to more compact medical facilities. In this paper, some of the most significant projects involving linear accelerators for hadron therapy will be presented.

Slides TH1P03 [3.378 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-TH1P03

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paper received ※ 11 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 21 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO022

Development Progress of the H⁺/H⁻ Linear Accelerators at Tsinghua University

732

THOP06

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

Q.Z. Xing, C.B. Bi, C. Cheng, C.T. Du, T.B. Du, X. Guan, Q.K. Guo, Y. Lei, P.F. Ma, S. Shuai, R. Tang, X.W. Wang, X.D. Xudong, H.Y. Zhang, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
W.Q. Guan, Y. He, J. Li
NUCTECH, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
W.L. Liu, B.C. Wang, Z.M. Wang, Y. Yang, C. Zhao
NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China

We present, in this paper, the development progress of the 13MeV proton linac for the Compact Pulsed Hadron Source (CPHS), and the 7MeV H⁻ linac injector for the synchrotron of the Xi’an 200MeV Proton Application Facility (XiPAF).

Slides THPO022 [4.421 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO022

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THPO026

The Multi-physics Analysis of Dual-beam Drift Tube Linac

735

T. He, L. Lu, W. Ma, L.P. Sun, C.C. Xing, X.B. Xu, L. Yang
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China

The DB-DTL prototype is proposed to validate the fea-sibility of multi-beam accelerator in middle energy region. The main parameters are listed in Table.1. The DB-DTL will operate as pulse injector with the capacity of accelerating proton from 0.56 MeV to 2.5 MeV. The 35.83 kW normalized power dissipation of DB-DTL dis-sipated on the cavity internal surface will heat the cavity and cause cavity temperature rise and structural defor-mation, which will lead to resonant frequency shifting. The cooling water takes away the power to resolve this problem. In this paper, detailed multi-physics field simu-lation of DB-DTL is performed by using ANSYS multi-physics, which is a coupled electromagnetic, thermal and structural analysis.

Poster THPO026 [0.759 MB]

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paper received ※ 11 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO028

Magnetic Field Measurement and Analysis for Drift Tube Linac of CSNS

738

B. Li, M.X. Fan, A.H. Li, P.H. Qu, Y. Wang, X.L. Wu
CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
Q. Chen, K.Y. Gong, W. Kang, H.C. Liu, J.X. Zhou
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China(11105166)； Youth Innovation Promotion Association（2015011）
A 324MHz Alvarez-type Drift Tube Linac (DTL) is used to accelerate the H⁻ ion beam from 3 to 80 MeV with peak current 15mA for China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). DTL is composed by 36 meters cavity and 161 DTs, the DT magnet coil adopted SAKAE structure with compact, smaller aperture. Magnetic field is measured by self-developed high precision rotating coil measurement system. This paper introduces the rotating coil measure-ment system simply and presents the 161 DTs magnetic field measurement results comprehensively, include mag-netic field center offset, integral magnetic field, higher-order harmonics. In addition, cooling test result of magnet coil is also presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO028

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paper received ※ 31 August 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO029

Quality Factor and Power Loss of the CSNS DTL

741

P.H. Qu, M.X. Fan, A.H. Li, B. Li, J. Peng, Y. Wang, X.L. Wu
CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
Q. Chen, K.Y. Gong, H.C. Liu
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

An Alvarez-type Drift tube linac (DTL) was utilized to accelerate the H⁻ ion beam of up to 15mA peak current from 3 to 80MeV of China Spallation neutron source (CSNS). For ease of manufacturing and measurement, the CSNS DTL was divided into four independent cavities. The Q factor of four cavities were given, including the measurement results of low-power[1] and high-power[2], and several reasons for the low Q factor of the cavity in the measurement process were analysed. During the op-eration of the DTL, the frequent alarm of the water flow switch causes the power of the cavity to fall to 0. Esti-mate the power loss of each component, under the cir-cumstances of ensuring adequate water flow, reduce the alarm threshold of the water flow switch of some compo-nents to improve the stability of the system.

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paper received ※ 22 August 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO030

Operation Experience of the CSNS DTL

744

H.C. Liu, Q. Chen, S. Fu, K.Y. Gong
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
M.X. Fan, A.H. Li, B. Li, J. Peng, P.H. Qu, Y. Wang, X.L. Wu
CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) Drift tube linac (DTL) accelerates H⁻ beam from 3 to 80MeV with 4 independent tanks. The 80MeV beam acceleration was achieved in January 2018. The linac is a key to the reliability of the whole CSNS facility since all the beams stop when these upstream facilities fail. Many efforts have been made for DTL reliable operation. This paper presents the operation experience learned in DTL com-missioning.

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paper received ※ 28 August 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO031

RF Conditioning and Beam Commissioning Status of CSNS DTL

747

Y. Wang, M.X. Fan, A.H. Li, B. Li, J. Peng, P.H. Qu, X.L. Wu
CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
Q. Chen, K.Y. Gong, H.C. Liu
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The high power RF conditioning of CSNS DTL was finished in April 2017 with peak input power 1.6MW, 650us pulse width, 25Hz repetition frequency. With careful tuning of RF amplitude and phase, beam was accelerated to 80MeV successfully with maximum peak beam current 12mA and about 98% transmission efficiency. DTL operate stably at full power level with several trips per day without beam interruption after six months commissioning. The whole RF conditioning process was presented and some details of beam commissioning were described in this paper.

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paper received ※ 05 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO032

CSNS Linac Beam Commissioning Tools and Experience

750

Y. Li, Z.P. Li, S. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
J. Peng
CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) successfully accelerated the H⁻ beam to 80 MeV in January 2018, marking a key progress in the beam commissioning. One of the keys to success is the development and use of software tools. XAL, a Java-based software infrastructure originally developed by SNS was applied for CSNS beam commissioning. We have developed and transplanted many applications based on XAL. Some of the applications for the Linac are described ,and some experiences are shared.

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THPO033

The Development of Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles for Xipaf DTL

753

B.C. Wang, M.T. Qiu, Z.M. Wang, C.Y. Wei
NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China
C.T. Du, Q.K. Guo, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Permanent magnet quadrupoles (PMQs) are developed for the DTL of Xi’an 200 MeV Proton Application Facility (XiPAF). In this paper, we describe the fabrication and measurements for the Halbach-type PMQs. The main procedure of the PMQ manufacture is presented. And the magnetic measurements of PMQs are carried out with the help of vibrating wire, Hall probe and rotating coil respectively. The results show the PMQs are able to meet the requirements of XiPAF DTL.

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paper received ※ 10 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO034

Experimental Study of Tuning Method on a Model Alvarez DTL Cavity for CPHS Project

756

Y. Lei, X. Guan, R. Tang, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

This article is devoted to the experimental study of tun-ing method for an Alvarez-type drift tube linac (DTL) of the Compact Pulse Hadron Source (CPHS) project at Tsinghua University. The biperiodic structure based on the post couplers are introduced to overcome the instability of the Alvarez DTL tank which is used to operate in 0 (or 2π) mode. The experimental method and results are pre-sented, and the tuning scheme for the formal CPHS DTL is summarized from the tuning experiment.

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paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO035

Tuning and Low Power Test of the 325 MHz IH-DTL at Tsinghua University

759

R. Tang, C.T. Du, X. Guan, Y. Lei, P.F. Ma, K.D. Man, C.-X. Tang, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, W.B. Ye, H.Y. Zhang, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
J. Li
NUCTECH, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

An interdigital H-mode drift tube linac (IH-DTL), which accelerates proton beam from 3 MeV to 7 MeV has been designed and assembled at Tsinghua University. There are 8 plungers in the 1 m tank and one co-axial coupler is used to feed the power. The frequency is tuned to 325 MHz. The field distribution is measured by the bead perturbation method. Finally, the gap voltage error has been tuned to be smaller than ±3.0%, which satisfies the design requirement. The Q factor of the tank is 7000 while the power dissipation is 244 kW. Details of the low power test is presented.

Poster THPO035 [1.268 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO035

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paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO036

Error Study of CPHS DTL after Assembly

763

SPWR014

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

P.F. Ma, C.T. Du, X. Guan, Q.K. Guo, Y. Lei, R. Tang, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
B.C. Wang
NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China

The Compact Pulsed Hadron Source (CPHS) at Tsinghua University is one multi-purpose pulsed neutron source. The injector of the CPHS is a linac, which mainly consists of a source, a low-energy beam transport line (LEBT), a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and a drift tube linac (DTL). The error study of the DTL for CPHS is presented in this paper. The error study can provide the field tolerances in the DTL cavity and the alignment tolerance between the RFQ and DTL.

Poster THPO036 [2.645 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO036

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paper received ※ 06 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO038

Status of the Power Couplers for the CSNS DTL

767

M.X. Fan, A.H. Li, B. Li, P.H. Qu, Y. Wang, X.L. Wu
CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
Q. Chen, K.Y. Gong, H.C. Liu
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

There are four Drift Tube Linac (DTL) tanks in China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) Project. Each DTL tank requires a power coupler with a peak power of 2 MW and a duty cycle of 1.5% for beam operation. After approximately two years machining, all four couplers were already installed in the tunnel before year 2017. Up to now, the first phase of beam tuning has been completed, the maximum transmission power of the coupler exceeds 1.7 MW with a pulse width of 650 μs and a repetition rate of 25 Hz, meanwhile, the vacuum is maintained on the order of 10^-6 Pa during the operation and no breakdown was observed. This paper describes the architecture, the fabrication, the low power test results and the high power conditioning process of the coupler. Some problems encountered are also presented.
This work was supported by Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS (2015011)

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO038

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paper received ※ 30 August 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO039

The Status of CSNS Front End

771

H. Li, X. Cao, W. Chen, T. Huang, S. Liu, K. Xue
CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
S. Fu, Y.J. Lv, H.F. Ouyang, Y.C. Xiao
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

CSNS front end is currently under running, which consists of a H⁻ penning ion source(IS), a low energy beam transport(LEBT), a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and a medium energy beam transport(MEBT). CSNS ion source is a type of Penning surface plasma source, similar to ISIS ion source. Cesium is used to enhance the H⁻ ion production efficiency. The ion source is running with duty factor of 1.25%(25Hz and 500us). Normally, 40mA H⁻ beam from ion source with 50keV can be delivered into LEBT. Three solenoids and two direction magnets are employed to transport and match the beam from the ion source into the RFQ. The pre-chopper is installed at the end of LEBT. The chopper mainly works at 3.8-4.2 kV and 1 MHz rate, which is about the RF frequency of the ring at injection. The rise time is less than 10ns，which fulfills the requirement of ring injection. For the RFQ, it is a 324MHz 4-vane type with a output energy of 3.0MeV and the length of 3.62m. The input cavity power is about 400kW. During commissioning, 16mA H⁻ beam can be obtained at the exit of RFQ, and the RFQ transmission rate is up to 94%.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO039

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paper received ※ 03 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO040

Operation Experiences of the J-PARC Linac

774

K. Hasegawa
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

The J-PARC linac has delivered beam to users since 2008. As of 2018, the linac provides a 40 mA beam at an energy of 400 MeV to the following Rapid Cycling Synchrotron. We have had many issues to impede high availability during the operation. One of them was troubles of high voltage power supply of klystrons. The other category is related to vacuum property in accelerating cavities. The vacuum pumps were reinforced at the RFQ#1 in 2009. The cleaning of the inside surface of some acceleration cavities were performed after the big earthquake in 2011. The cooling water flow rate drop had been a long-time issue. We modified a cooling system to take better flow balances. As a result of these improvement, the availability is approximately 92% or more in these days. However, we have encountered another issue due to some aging components. The operation experiences and availability improvement at the J-PARC linac will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO040

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paper received ※ 19 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 08 October 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO042

An Optimization Method of the Nose-cone Buncher Cavity

778

W.L. Liu, P.T. Cong, Z.M. Wang
NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China
H. Jiang, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The nose-cone buncher cavity is widely used on proton accelerators. It’s important to properly optimize the cavity geometry for fine RF performance. Howev-er, currently the optimization is usually carried out manually and the criteria are not objective enough. In this paper, an optimization method using the multi-objective, multi-variable optimization approach is presented. The geometry and RF parameters are con-sidered as the variables and objectives respectively. The goal function is defined as the weighted sum of multiple RF parameters. The multi-variable functions are approximately derived from the single-variable functions based on electromagnetic simulation. And an optimization code is developed accordingly which has been applied to the XiPAF debuncher optimization.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO042

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paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO043

ESS Normal Conducting Linac Status and Plans

781

E. Sargsyan, H. Danared, F. Hellström, G. Hulla, Ø. Midttun, J.S. Schmidt
ESS, Lund, Sweden
I. Bustinduy, N. Garmendia, J.L. Muñoz
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
L. Celona, S. Gammino, L. Neri
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
A.C. Chauveau, B. Pottin
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
F. Grespan, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
P. Mereu
INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy

The European Spallation Source (ESS) uses a linear accelerator to deliver the high intensity proton beam to the target station for producing intense beams of neutrons. The average beam power is 5 MW with a peak beam power at the target of 125 MW. The normal conducting linear accelerator (linac) operating at 352.21 MHz accelerates a proton beam of 62.5 mA from 0.075 to 90 MeV. It consists of an ion source, Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT), and Drift Tube Linac (DTL). The design, construction and testing of those structures is done by European partner labs as an in-kind contribution to the ESS project. This paper presents the status and plans for the ESS normal conducting linac.
E.Sargsyan for the ESS NC Linac collaboration team

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO043

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paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO045

Tuning Esperience on the ESS DTL Cold Model

784

F. Grespan, A. Baldo, P. Bottin, G.S. Mauro, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
P. Mereu, M. Mezzano
INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy

An aluminum model of the ESS DTL tank 2 has been delivered to INFN-LNL in december 2017. The tank is 7.1 m long, equipped with movable tuners and movable post couplers. The purpose of this DTL model is to verify the RF design choices (in particular on the first 2 tanks where the Post coupler distribution is irregular) as well as implement and debug algorithms and procedure for stabilization and tuning. The preparatory simulation work and the results of measurements campaign are here presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO045

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paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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THPO046

Status of the FAIR Proton Linac

787

C.M. Kleffner, S. Appel, R. Berezov, J. Fils, P. Forck, M. Kaiser, K. Knie, C. Mühle, S. Puetz, A. Schnase, G. Schreiber, A. Seibel, T. Sieber, V. Srinivasan, J. Trüller, W. Vinzenz, C. Will
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
A. Almomani, H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger, M. Schuett, M. Syha
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

As part of the accelerator chain for antiproton production of the FAIR facility, a special high-intensity short pulsed 325 MHz proton linac is being developed. The Proton linac is designed to deliver a beam current of 70 mA with an energy of 68 MeV. A 2.45 GHz ECR source designed for the generation of 100 mA beams with an energy of 95 keV is currently being tested at CEA/Saclay. The production of the structure of the IAP ladder RFQ is nearly completed. First parts of the RFQ vacuum chambers have been successfully copperplated at the GSI. Seven Thales Klystrons have been delivered to GSI at the beginning of 2018 and are nearly ready for use. The completion of the setup of the HV modulator is expected end of the year 2018. The state of procurement and development of further accelerator components will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-THPO046

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paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 21 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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FR2A01

Development and Beam Commissioning of 10’25 MeV Superconducting CW Proton Linac for China ADS Project

H.W. Zhao
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
W.M. Pan
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

A 25 MeV CW superconducting proton linac has been developed by collaboration between IMP and IHEP to demonstrate key technologies of ADS linac. The 25 MeV superconducting proton linac is composed of ECR proton source, LEBT, a 2.1 MeV/162.5 MHz four-vane RFQ, MEBT and a superconducting linac section which consists of three cryomodules built by IMP based on HWR cavity at 162.5 MHz frequency and one cryomodule built by IHEP based on SPOKE cavity at 325 MHz. Stable proton beam acceleration with CW 2 mA/10 MeV has been demonstrated successfully at IMP by 12 HWR cavities with two cryomodules operating at 4.5 k. Beam commissioning with pulsed 10 mA/25 MeV and CW 0.2 mA/25 MeV has been conducted. A lot of efforts have been made to achieve a long-term stable CW beam operation during the beam commissioning. Hours continuous operation without beam trip at CW 0.2 mA/18 MeV was achieved. Recently the low level RF control system and other sub-systems are under refurbishment and the next goal of beam commissioning is CW 1 mA/25 MeV. This talk will present development and the latest beam commissioning results of the 10’25 MeV superconducting proton linac and the lessons learned.

Slides FR2A01 [14.744 MB]

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