IPAC2016 - Classification: 01 Circular and Linear Colliders / A02 Lepton Colliders

Paper	Title	Page
TUYA01	BEPCII Performance and Beam Dynamics Studies on Luminosity	1014
	C.H. Yu, Z. Duan, S. Gu, Y.Y. Guo, X.Y. Huang, D. Ji, H.F. Ji, Y. Jiao, Zh.C. Liu, Y.M. Peng, Q. Qin, Y.S. Sun, S.K. Tian, J.Q. Wang, N. Wang, X.H. Wang, Y. Wei, X.M. Wen, J. Wu, J. Xing, G. Xu, Y. Yue, C. Zhang, Y. Zhang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The upgrade of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider, BEPCII, is now in a good performance for both high energy physics and synchrotron radiation experiments. The luminosity at the design energy of 1.89 GeV reached the design value 1.0*10³³/cm²/s¹ recently. A lot of work, including accelerator physics study and technical progress, has been done for the luminosity enhancement, not only at the design energy, but all the energy region run for HEP experiments from 1.0 to 2.3 GeV. The performance of BEPCII and the process of luminosity enhancement will be described in detail.
	Slides TUYA01 [5.801 MB]
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TUOBA01	Beam Commissioning of SuperKEKB	1019
	Y. Funakoshi, T. Abe, T. Adachi, K. Akai, Y. Arimoto, K. Egawa, Y. Enomoto, J.W. Flanagan, H. Fukuma, K. Furukawa, N. Iida, H. Iinuma, H. Ikeda, T. Ishibashi, M. Iwasaki, T. Kageyama, H. Kaji, T. Kamitani, T. Kawamoto, S. Kazama, M. Kikuchi, T. Kobayashi, K. Kodama, H. Koiso, M. Masuzawa, T. Mimashi, T. Miura, F. Miyahara, T. Mori, A. Morita, S. Nakamura, T.T. Nakamura, H. Nakayama, T. Natsui, M. Nishiwaki, K. Ohmi, Y. Ohnishi, T. Oki, S. Sasaki, M. Satoh, Y. Seimiya, K. Shibata, M. Suetake, Y. Suetsugu, H. Sugimoto, M. Tanaka, M. Tawada, S. Terui, M. Tobiyama, S. Uehara, S. Uno, X. Wang, K. Watanabe, Y. Yano, S.I. Yoshimoto, R. Zhang, D. Zhou, X. Zhou, Z.G. Zong KEK, Ibaraki, Japan D. El Khechen LAL, Orsay, France
	In this report, we describe the machine operation in the first 3 months of the Phase 1 commissioning of SuperKEKB. The beam commissioning is smoothly going on. Vacuum scrubbing, the optics corrections and others are described.
	Slides TUOBA01 [9.346 MB]
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TUOBA03	Application of Differential Evolution Algorithm in Future Collider Optimization	1025
	Y. Zhang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China D. Zhou KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: Project U1332108 supported by NSFC. The dynamic aperture of is very limited due to the very small beta at IP in the SuperKEKB. In the storage ring based Higgs factory, the vertical beta function is not so small, but the much larger circumference enlarge the detuning term especially in horizontal direction. It is very hard to optimize the dynamic aperture in the future colliders. The particle loss may comes from different cause for different energy or different transverse coupling. The design of CEPC is still in process. The construction of SuperKEKB is nearly finished, but there still exist some problem which could reduce the performance. There are a few hundred parameters to be varied in the future colliders. The global optimization may be a good way to enlarge the dynamic aperture. Differential Evolution is a very simple population based, stochastic function minimizer which is very powerful at the same time. In this paper we show some application of the algorithm in the two machines. It has the potential to help us optimize the machine.
	Slides TUOBA03 [2.289 MB]
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THPMR042	Design Guidelines for the Injector Complex of the FCC-ee	3488
	Y. Papaphilippou, F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Aiba PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland K. Oide KEK, Ibaraki, Japan L. Rinolfi JUAS, Archamps, France D.B. Shwartz BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	The design of the injector of the FCC-ee, a high-luminosity e⁺/e⁻ circular collider of 100 km in the Geneva area, is driven by the required particle flux for ring filling or top-up and for a variety of energies, from 45.5 to 175 GeV. In this paper, a set of parameters of the injector complex is presented, fulfilling the collider needs for all running scenarios. In particular, the challenges of the booster ring design are detailed, focusing on issues of optics, layout, low bending fields, injection schemes to the collider for maximizing transfer efficiency and synchrotron radiation handling.
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THPOR001	Tolerance Studies and Dispersion Free Steering for Extreme Low Emittance in the FCC-ee Project	3759
	S. Aumon, A. Doblhammer, B. Härer, B.J. Holzer CERN, Geneva, Switzerland B. Härer KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany K. Oide KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	The FCC-ee study is investigating the design of a 100 km e⁺/e⁻ circular collider for precision measurements and rare decay observations in the range of 90 to 350 GeV center of mass energy with luminosities in the order of 10³⁵ cm^-2s^-1. In order to reach such performances, an extreme focusing of the beam is required in the interaction regions with a low vertical beta function of 2 mm at the IP. Moreover, the FCC-ee physics program requires very low emittances never achieved in a collider with 2 nm for ε_x and 2 pm for ε_y, reducing the coupling ratio to 1/1000. With such requirements, any field errors and sources of coupling will introduce spurious vertical dispersion which degrades emittances, limiting the luminosity of the machine. This paper describes the tolerance study and the impact of errors will affect the vertical emittance. In order to preserve the FCC-ee performances, in particular ε_y, a challenging correction scheme is proposed to keep the coupling and the vertical emittance as low as possible.
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THPOR004	Magnetic Measurement for Superconducting-Quadrupole-Magnets of Final-Focus System for SuperKEKB	3771
	Y. Arimoto, M. Iwasaki, N. Ohuchi, K. Tsuchiya, X. Wang, H. Yamaoka, Z.G. Zong KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	SuperKEKB is an upgrade project of KEKB to increase its luminosity to 8 x 10³⁵ cm^-2 s^-1 based on the nano-beam scheme. In SuperKEKB, one of a key element is a final-focus system; it reduces e⁻/e⁺ beam size to 50 nm in vertical and 10 μm in horizontal direction at an interaction point (IP). The system consists of eight superconducting quadrupole magnets and four quadrupoles are aligned on the each beam line. The quadrupole, QC1P(QC1E), which is located at the closest position to the IP on the e⁺(e⁻) beam line, generates a field gradient of about 70 T/m. An inner diameter of coil and a magnetic length for QC1P(QC1E) are 25(33) mm and 334(373) mm, respectively. The production of all quadrupole magnets are completed. To confirm their field qualities, we performed magnetic measurement for each magnet in advance to be integrated into cryostats on the beam lines. In the measurement, the quadrupoles were cooled down to 4.2 K in a test vertical cryostat and field harmonic components were measured with harmonic coils. The magnitude of error multipole components for all magnets met requirements from beam optics design. In this paper we describe the measurement results.
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THPOR005	Tunnel Level Variation in the SuperKEKB Interaction Region	3774
	M. Masuzawa, T. Adachi, T. Kawamoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	SuperKEKB is an electron-positron collider, which aims to achieve a peak luminosity 40 times higher than that of KEKB. The vertical beam sizes of both rings are squeezed down to 50 - 60 nm at the interaction point (IP), which accounts for a factor of 20 in the luminosity increase, and the beam currents are doubled from those of KEKB. Tunnel motion can be critical for realizing the collisions of such small beams. A Hydrostatic Leveling System (HLS), which consists of 18 sensors, was installed on both sides of the IP to monitor tunnel level variations continuously. Effects of heavy rain and installation of the radiation shield blocks on the tunnel floor level are clearly seen. The HLS data during construction and SuperKEKB commissioning are reported.
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THPOR006	SuperKEKB Main Ring Magnet System	3778
	M. Masuzawa, K. Egawa, H. Iinuma, T. Kawamoto, S. Nakamura, Y. Ohsawa, T. Oki, R. Sugahara, N. Tokuda KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	SuperKEKB is an electron-positroncollider, which aims to achieve a peak luminosity 40 times higher than that of KEKB by using the so-called 'nano-beam' scheme. A major upgrade to the Main Ring (MR) magnet system was needed to realize this scheme. The upgrade includes 1) new beam lines in the entire interaction region;2) replacement of the main dipole magnets in the positron ring; 3) a new layout of the wiggler sections in the positron ring, and newly added wiggler section in the electron ring, and; 4) sextupole magnets with tunable tilting tables to control the ratio of skew/normal sextupole components in the positron ring. More than 400 magnets were designed, fabricated, field-measured, installed in the tunnel and aligned in time for Phase 1 commissioning. Alignment of the MR magnets was challenging, since the survey network was destroyed by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Tunnel position changes during the magnet alignment work caused by construction of a new facilities building made the alignment work even more challenging. Construction of the MR magnet system and its first commissioning are reported.
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THPOR007	Optics Measurements and Corrections at the Early Commissioning of SuperKEKB	3782
	Y. Ohnishi, Y. Funakoshi, H. Koiso, A. Morita, K. Ohmi, K. Oide, H. Sugimoto, D. Zhou KEK, Ibaraki, Japan M.E. Biagini, M. Boscolo, S. Guiducci INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy N. Carmignani, S.M. Liuzzo ESRF, Grenoble, France
	We present experimental results of measurements and corrections of the optics at the early Phase-1 commissioning of SuperKEKB which is a positron-electron collider built to achieve the target luminosity of 8x10³⁵ cm^-2s^-1. We have three stages; the Phase-1 is the commissioning of the machine without the final focus magnets and detector solenoid(no collision); the collision with the final focus system and the Belle II detector will be performed at the Phase-2 and Phase-3. The strategy for the luminosity upgrade is a novel "nano-beam'' scheme found elsewhere. In order to achieve the target luminosity, the vertical emittance has to be reduced by corrections of machine error measured by orbit responses. The vertical emittance should be achieved to be less than 6 pm(0.2 % coupling) during the Phase-1 by fully utilizing correction tools of skew quadrupole-like coils wound on sextupole magnets and power supplies for each correction coil in quadrupole magnets. In addition to the linear optics, the optics for off-momentum particles is also studied to understand a dynamic aperture affects the Touschek lifetime. "SuperB Conceptual Design Report", INFN/AE-07/2, SLAV-R-856, LAL 07-15, (2007).
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THPOR009	Cepc Partial Double Ring Lattice Design	3785
	F. Su Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China S. Bai, T.J. Bian, Z. Duan, J. Gao, H. Geng, D. Wang, Y. Wang, M. Xiao, G. Xu, Y. Zhang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	In this paper, we introduced the layout and lattice design of Circular-Electron-Positron-Collider (CEPC) partial double ring (PDR) scheme. The baseline design of CEPC is a single beam-pipe electron positron collider, which has to adopt pretzel orbit scheme. And it is not suitable to serve as a high luminosity Z factory. If we choose partial double ring scheme, we can get a higher luminosity with lower power and be suitable to serve as a high luminosity Z factory. In this paper, we discussed the details of CEPC partial double ring lattice design and showed the dynamic aperture study and optimization.
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THPOR010	CEPC Parameter Choice and Partial Double Ring Design	3788
	D. Wang, S. Bai, T.J. Bian, X. Cui, Z. Duan, J. Gao, H. Geng, Y.Y. Guo, Q. Qin, N. Wang, Y. Wang, M. Xiao, J.Y. Zhai, C. Zhang, Y. Zhang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China W. Chou Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA F. Su Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by the National Foundation of Natural Sciences (11505198 and 11575218) In order to avoid the pretzel orbit, CEPC is proposed to use partial double ring scheme in CDR. Based on crab waist scheme, we hope to either increase the luminosity with same beam power as Pre-CDR, or reduce the beam power while keeping the same luminosity in Pre-CDR. FFS with crab sextupoles has been developed and the arc lattice was redesigned to acheive the lower emittance for crab waist scheme.
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THPOR011	Design study of CEPC Alternating Magnetic Field Booster	3791
	T.J. Bian, S. Bai, X. Cui, J. Gao, D. Wang, Y. Wang, M. Xiao, C. Zhang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China Y. Cai SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA M. Koratzinos DPNC, Genève, Switzerland F. Su Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China
	CEPC is next generation circular collider proposed by China. The design of the full energy booster ring of the CEPC is especially challenging. The ejected beam energy is 120GeV but the injected beam only 6GeV. In a conventional approach, the low magnetic field of the main dipole magnets creates problems. We propose to operate the booster ring as a large wiggler at low beam energies and as a normal ring at high energies to avoid the problem of very low dipole magnet fields.
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THPOR012	Dynamic Aperture Study of the CEPC Main Ring with Interaction Region	3795
	Y. Wang, S. Bai, T.J. Bian, J. Gao, H. Geng, D. Wang, Y. Zhang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China F. Su Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China
	CEPC is a Circular Electron and Positron Collider proposed by China to mainly study the Higgs boson. In order to achieve factory luminosity, a strong focusing system and low-emittance are required. A momentum acceptance as large as 2\% is also required to get a reasonable beam lifetime. This is one of the key issues of the CEPC accelerator physics. In this paper, the optics design of the interaction region and the optimization of dynamic aperture for the whole ring (single ring scheme) will be presented.
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THPOR017	Dynamic Aperture Optimization at CEPC with Pretzel Orbit	3808
	H. Geng, S. Bai, X. Cui, Z. Duan, J. Gao, Y.Y. Guo, Y.M. Peng, Q. Qin, D. Wang, N. Wang, Y. Wang, G. Xu, Y. Yue, Y. Zhang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China W. Chou Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA F. Su Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China
	A preliminary design of the CEPC ring with pretzel orbit will be presented. The ring and pretzel orbit will be designed for 50 bunches, as required in the CEPC Pre-CDR. The linear optics, as well as the non-linear chromaticity compensation with the presence of pretzel orbit will be described. Different phase advance difference between the long and short straight sections, have been tried to optimize the dynamic aperture, the results will be shown in this paper.
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THPOR018	Comissioning of Upgraded VEPP-2000 Injection Chain	3811
	D.E. Berkaev, A.V. Andrianov, K.V. Astrelina, V.V. Balakin, A.M. Barnyakov, O.V. Belikov, M.F. Blinov, D.V. Bochek, D. Bolkhovityanov, F.A. Emanov, A.R. Frolov, K. Gorchakov, Ye.A. Gusev, A.S. Kasaev, E. Kenzhbulatov, I. Koop, I.E. Korenev, G.Y. Kurkin, N.N. Lebedev, A.E. Levichev, P.V. Logatchov, A.P. Lysenko, D.A. Nikiforov, V.P. Prosvetov, Yu. A. Rogovsky, S.L. Samoylov, A.I. Senchenko, P.Yu. Shatunov, Y.M. Shatunov, D.B. Shwartz, A.A. Starostenko, I.M. Zemlyansky, Yu.M. Zharinov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia F.A. Emanov, Yu. A. Rogovsky, A.I. Senchenko, A.A. Starostenko NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
	The upgrade of VEPP-2000 e⁺e⁻ collider injection chain includes the connection to BINP Injection Complex (IC) via newly constructed transfer line K-500 as well as upgrade of the booster synchrotron BEP to the energy of 1 GeV. Modernization has started in the middle of 2013 and now the electron and positron beams with highly increased production rate together with top-up injection from BEP are ready to feed VEPP-2000 ring and provide design luminosity at the whole energy range limited only by beam-beam effects. The design and operation experience of IC damping ring, 250 m transfer channel and booster BEP dealing with 2.6 T magnets at top energy will be presented.
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THPOR019	Momentum Acceptance Optimization in FCC-ee Lattice (CERN)	3814
	A.V. Bogomyagkov, E.B. Levichev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: Work is supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The part of the ongoing study of the future circular collider (FCC) is an electron positron machine with center of mass energy from 90 to 350 GeV. Crab waist collision scheme and small (1 mm) vertical beta function at the interaction point (IP) provide superior luminosity. At the top energy, radiation in the field of the opposite bunch (beamstrahlung) limits the beam lifetime and therefore achievable luminosity. Beamstrahlung influence depends on momentum acceptance of the lattice, the value of 2% provides acceptable lifetime. The small value of vertical beta function enhances effects of nonlinear chromaticity. The present work describes principles used in design and optimization of FCC-ee momentum acceptance optimization and are based on chromatic variations of beta function.
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THPOR020	Status of VEPP-4M Collider	3818
	E.B. Levichev, O.I. Meshkov, P.A. Piminov, A.N. Zhuravlev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	At present the VEPP-4 storage ring facility provides varied experimental programs including HEP, nuclear physics, synchrotron radiation, polarized electron/positron beam research, etc. Until now, the studies were mainly performed at the beam energy below 2 GeV but a strong interest of experimentalists encourages us to increase the beam energy up to 5 GeV. Reliable and high-performance operation at high energy is a challenge for the machine. Here we discuss the recent experimental results at the low energy, and prospects and constraints of the energy ramp.
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THPOR022	Design of Beam Optics for the FCC-ee Collider Ring	3821
	K. Oide, K. Ohmi, D. Zhou KEK, Ibaraki, Japan M. Aiba PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland S. Aumon, M. Benedikt, H. Burkhardt, A. Doblhammer, B. Härer, B.J. Holzer, J.M. Jowett, M. Koratzinos, L.E. Medina Medrano, Y. Papaphilippou, J. Wenninger, F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A.P. Blondel DPNC, Genève, Switzerland A.V. Bogomyagkov, I. Koop, E.B. Levichev, P.A. Piminov, D.N. Shatilov, D.B. Shwartz, S.V. Sinyatkin BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia M. Boscolo INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy Y. Cai, M.K. Sullivan, U. Wienands SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	A design of beam optics will be presented for the FCC-ee double-ring collider. The main characteristics are 45 to 175 GeV beam energy, 100 km circumference with two IPs/ring, 30 mrad crossing angle at the IP, crab-waist scheme with local chromaticity correction system, and "tapering" of the magnets along with the local beam energy. An asymmetric layout near the interaction region suppresses the critical energy of synchrotron radiation toward the detector at the IP less than 100 keV, while keeping the geometry as close as to the FCC-hh beam line. A sufficient transverse/longitudinal dynamic aperture is obtained to assure the lifetime with beamstrahlung and top-up injection. The synchrotron radiation in all magnets, the IP solenoid and its compensation, nonlinearity of the final quadrupoles are taken into account.
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THPOR023	The FCC-ee Interaction Region Magnet Design	3824
	M. Koratzinos, A.P. Blondel DPNC, Genève, Switzerland M. Benedikt, B.J. Holzer, F. Zimmermann, J. van Nugteren CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A.V. Bogomyagkov, S.V. Sinyatkin BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia K. Oide KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	The design of the region close to the interaction point of the FCC-ee experiments is especially challenging. The beams collide at an angle (±15 mrad) in the high-field region of the detector solenoid. Moreover, the very low vertical β* of the machine necessitates that the final focusing quadrupoles have a distance from the IP (L*) of around 2 m and therefore are inside the main detector solenoid. The beams should be screened from the effect of the detector magnetic field, and the emittance blow-up due to vertical dispersion in the interaction region should be minimized, while leaving enough space for detector components. Crosstalk between the two final focus quadrupoles, only about 6 cm apart at the tip, should also be minimized.
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THPOR024	Electrical Power Budget for FCC-ee	3828
	F. Zimmermann, S. Aull, M. Benedikt, D. Bozzini, O. Brunner, J.-P. Burnet, A.C. Butterworth, R. Calaga, E. Jensen, V. Mertens, A. Milanese, M. Nonis, N. Schwerg, L.J. Tavian, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A.P. Blondel, M. Koratzinos DPNC, Genève, Switzerland Sh. Gorgi Zadeh Rostock University, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Rostock, Germany K. Oide KEK, Ibaraki, Japan L. Rinolfi JUAS, Archamps, France
	Funding: Supported by the European Commission under the Capacities 7th Framework Programme project EuCARD-2, grant agreement 312453. We present a first rough estimate for the electrical power consumption of the FCC-ee lepton collider. This electrical power is dominated by the RF system, which provides the motivation for the ongoing R&D on highly efficient RF power sources. Other contributions come from the warm arc magnets, the cryogenics systems, cooling, ventilation, general services, the particle-physics detectors, and the injector complex.
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THPOR025	Wedge Absorbers for Final Cooling for a High-Energy High-Luminosity Lepton Collider	3832
	D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA T.A. Mohayai IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA P. Snopok Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA D.J. Summers UMiss, University, Mississippi, USA
	Funding: Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the U. S. Department of Energy. A high-energy high-luminosity muon collider scenario requires a "final cooling" system that reduces transverse emittance to ~25 microns (normalized) while allowing longitudinal emittance increase. Ionization cooling using high-field solenoids (or Li Lens) can reduce transverse emittances to ~100 microns in readily achievable configurations, confirmed by simulation. Passing these muon beams at ~100 MeV/c through cm-sized diamond wedges can reduce transverse emittances to ~25 microns, while increasing longitudinal emittance by a factor of ~5. Implementation will require optical matching of the exiting beam into downstream acceleration systems.
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Paper

Title

Page

BEPCII Performance and Beam Dynamics Studies on Luminosity

1014

C.H. Yu, Z. Duan, S. Gu, Y.Y. Guo, X.Y. Huang, D. Ji, H.F. Ji, Y. Jiao, Zh.C. Liu, Y.M. Peng, Q. Qin, Y.S. Sun, S.K. Tian, J.Q. Wang, N. Wang, X.H. Wang, Y. Wei, X.M. Wen, J. Wu, J. Xing, G. Xu, Y. Yue, C. Zhang, Y. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The upgrade of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider, BEPCII, is now in a good performance for both high energy physics and synchrotron radiation experiments. The luminosity at the design energy of 1.89 GeV reached the design value 1.0*10³³/cm²/s¹ recently. A lot of work, including accelerator physics study and technical progress, has been done for the luminosity enhancement, not only at the design energy, but all the energy region run for HEP experiments from 1.0 to 2.3 GeV. The performance of BEPCII and the process of luminosity enhancement will be described in detail.

Slides TUYA01 [5.801 MB]

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TUOBA01

Beam Commissioning of SuperKEKB

1019

Y. Funakoshi, T. Abe, T. Adachi, K. Akai, Y. Arimoto, K. Egawa, Y. Enomoto, J.W. Flanagan, H. Fukuma, K. Furukawa, N. Iida, H. Iinuma, H. Ikeda, T. Ishibashi, M. Iwasaki, T. Kageyama, H. Kaji, T. Kamitani, T. Kawamoto, S. Kazama, M. Kikuchi, T. Kobayashi, K. Kodama, H. Koiso, M. Masuzawa, T. Mimashi, T. Miura, F. Miyahara, T. Mori, A. Morita, S. Nakamura, T.T. Nakamura, H. Nakayama, T. Natsui, M. Nishiwaki, K. Ohmi, Y. Ohnishi, T. Oki, S. Sasaki, M. Satoh, Y. Seimiya, K. Shibata, M. Suetake, Y. Suetsugu, H. Sugimoto, M. Tanaka, M. Tawada, S. Terui, M. Tobiyama, S. Uehara, S. Uno, X. Wang, K. Watanabe, Y. Yano, S.I. Yoshimoto, R. Zhang, D. Zhou, X. Zhou, Z.G. Zong
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
D. El Khechen
LAL, Orsay, France

In this report, we describe the machine operation in the first 3 months of the Phase 1 commissioning of SuperKEKB. The beam commissioning is smoothly going on. Vacuum scrubbing, the optics corrections and others are described.

Slides TUOBA01 [9.346 MB]

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TUOBA03

Application of Differential Evolution Algorithm in Future Collider Optimization

1025

Y. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
D. Zhou
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: Project U1332108 supported by NSFC.
The dynamic aperture of is very limited due to the very small beta at IP in the SuperKEKB. In the storage ring based Higgs factory, the vertical beta function is not so small, but the much larger circumference enlarge the detuning term especially in horizontal direction. It is very hard to optimize the dynamic aperture in the future colliders. The particle loss may comes from different cause for different energy or different transverse coupling. The design of CEPC is still in process. The construction of SuperKEKB is nearly finished, but there still exist some problem which could reduce the performance. There are a few hundred parameters to be varied in the future colliders. The global optimization may be a good way to enlarge the dynamic aperture. Differential Evolution is a very simple population based, stochastic function minimizer which is very powerful at the same time. In this paper we show some application of the algorithm in the two machines. It has the potential to help us optimize the machine.

Slides TUOBA03 [2.289 MB]

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THPMR042

Design Guidelines for the Injector Complex of the FCC-ee

3488

Y. Papaphilippou, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Aiba
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
K. Oide
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
L. Rinolfi
JUAS, Archamps, France
D.B. Shwartz
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

The design of the injector of the FCC-ee, a high-luminosity e⁺/e⁻ circular collider of 100 km in the Geneva area, is driven by the required particle flux for ring filling or top-up and for a variety of energies, from 45.5 to 175 GeV. In this paper, a set of parameters of the injector complex is presented, fulfilling the collider needs for all running scenarios. In particular, the challenges of the booster ring design are detailed, focusing on issues of optics, layout, low bending fields, injection schemes to the collider for maximizing transfer efficiency and synchrotron radiation handling.

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THPOR001

Tolerance Studies and Dispersion Free Steering for Extreme Low Emittance in the FCC-ee Project

3759

S. Aumon, A. Doblhammer, B. Härer, B.J. Holzer
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
B. Härer
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
K. Oide
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The FCC-ee study is investigating the design of a 100 km e⁺/e⁻ circular collider for precision measurements and rare decay observations in the range of 90 to 350 GeV center of mass energy with luminosities in the order of 10³⁵ cm^-2s^-1. In order to reach such performances, an extreme focusing of the beam is required in the interaction regions with a low vertical beta function of 2 mm at the IP. Moreover, the FCC-ee physics program requires very low emittances never achieved in a collider with 2 nm for ε_x and 2 pm for ε_y, reducing the coupling ratio to 1/1000. With such requirements, any field errors and sources of coupling will introduce spurious vertical dispersion which degrades emittances, limiting the luminosity of the machine. This paper describes the tolerance study and the impact of errors will affect the vertical emittance. In order to preserve the FCC-ee performances, in particular ε_y, a challenging correction scheme is proposed to keep the coupling and the vertical emittance as low as possible.

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THPOR004

Magnetic Measurement for Superconducting-Quadrupole-Magnets of Final-Focus System for SuperKEKB

3771

Y. Arimoto, M. Iwasaki, N. Ohuchi, K. Tsuchiya, X. Wang, H. Yamaoka, Z.G. Zong
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

SuperKEKB is an upgrade project of KEKB to increase its luminosity to 8 x 10³⁵ cm^-2 s^-1 based on the nano-beam scheme. In SuperKEKB, one of a key element is a final-focus system; it reduces e⁻/e⁺ beam size to 50 nm in vertical and 10 μm in horizontal direction at an interaction point (IP). The system consists of eight superconducting quadrupole magnets and four quadrupoles are aligned on the each beam line. The quadrupole, QC1P(QC1E), which is located at the closest position to the IP on the e⁺(e⁻) beam line, generates a field gradient of about 70 T/m. An inner diameter of coil and a magnetic length for QC1P(QC1E) are 25(33) mm and 334(373) mm, respectively. The production of all quadrupole magnets are completed. To confirm their field qualities, we performed magnetic measurement for each magnet in advance to be integrated into cryostats on the beam lines. In the measurement, the quadrupoles were cooled down to 4.2 K in a test vertical cryostat and field harmonic components were measured with harmonic coils. The magnitude of error multipole components for all magnets met requirements from beam optics design. In this paper we describe the measurement results.

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THPOR005

Tunnel Level Variation in the SuperKEKB Interaction Region

3774

M. Masuzawa, T. Adachi, T. Kawamoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

SuperKEKB is an electron-positron collider, which aims to achieve a peak luminosity 40 times higher than that of KEKB. The vertical beam sizes of both rings are squeezed down to 50 - 60 nm at the interaction point (IP), which accounts for a factor of 20 in the luminosity increase, and the beam currents are doubled from those of KEKB. Tunnel motion can be critical for realizing the collisions of such small beams. A Hydrostatic Leveling System (HLS), which consists of 18 sensors, was installed on both sides of the IP to monitor tunnel level variations continuously. Effects of heavy rain and installation of the radiation shield blocks on the tunnel floor level are clearly seen. The HLS data during construction and SuperKEKB commissioning are reported.

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THPOR006

SuperKEKB Main Ring Magnet System

3778

M. Masuzawa, K. Egawa, H. Iinuma, T. Kawamoto, S. Nakamura, Y. Ohsawa, T. Oki, R. Sugahara, N. Tokuda
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

SuperKEKB is an electron-positroncollider, which aims to achieve a peak luminosity 40 times higher than that of KEKB by using the so-called 'nano-beam' scheme. A major upgrade to the Main Ring (MR) magnet system was needed to realize this scheme. The upgrade includes 1) new beam lines in the entire interaction region;2) replacement of the main dipole magnets in the positron ring; 3) a new layout of the wiggler sections in the positron ring, and newly added wiggler section in the electron ring, and; 4) sextupole magnets with tunable tilting tables to control the ratio of skew/normal sextupole components in the positron ring. More than 400 magnets were designed, fabricated, field-measured, installed in the tunnel and aligned in time for Phase 1 commissioning. Alignment of the MR magnets was challenging, since the survey network was destroyed by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Tunnel position changes during the magnet alignment work caused by construction of a new facilities building made the alignment work even more challenging. Construction of the MR magnet system and its first commissioning are reported.

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THPOR007

Optics Measurements and Corrections at the Early Commissioning of SuperKEKB

3782

Y. Ohnishi, Y. Funakoshi, H. Koiso, A. Morita, K. Ohmi, K. Oide, H. Sugimoto, D. Zhou
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M.E. Biagini, M. Boscolo, S. Guiducci
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
N. Carmignani, S.M. Liuzzo
ESRF, Grenoble, France

We present experimental results of measurements and corrections of the optics at the early Phase-1 commissioning of SuperKEKB which is a positron-electron collider built to achieve the target luminosity of 8x10³⁵ cm^-2s^-1. We have three stages; the Phase-1 is the commissioning of the machine without the final focus magnets and detector solenoid(no collision); the collision with the final focus system and the Belle II detector will be performed at the Phase-2 and Phase-3. The strategy for the luminosity upgrade is a novel "nano-beam'' scheme found elsewhere*. In order to achieve the target luminosity, the vertical emittance has to be reduced by corrections of machine error measured by orbit responses. The vertical emittance should be achieved to be less than 6 pm(0.2 % coupling) during the Phase-1 by fully utilizing correction tools of skew quadrupole-like coils wound on sextupole magnets and power supplies for each correction coil in quadrupole magnets. In addition to the linear optics, the optics for off-momentum particles is also studied to understand a dynamic aperture affects the Touschek lifetime.
* "SuperB Conceptual Design Report", INFN/AE-07/2, SLAV-R-856, LAL 07-15, (2007).

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THPOR009

Cepc Partial Double Ring Lattice Design

3785

F. Su
Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China
S. Bai, T.J. Bian, Z. Duan, J. Gao, H. Geng, D. Wang, Y. Wang, M. Xiao, G. Xu, Y. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

In this paper, we introduced the layout and lattice design of Circular-Electron-Positron-Collider (CEPC) partial double ring (PDR) scheme. The baseline design of CEPC is a single beam-pipe electron positron collider, which has to adopt pretzel orbit scheme. And it is not suitable to serve as a high luminosity Z factory. If we choose partial double ring scheme, we can get a higher luminosity with lower power and be suitable to serve as a high luminosity Z factory. In this paper, we discussed the details of CEPC partial double ring lattice design and showed the dynamic aperture study and optimization.

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THPOR010

CEPC Parameter Choice and Partial Double Ring Design

3788

D. Wang, S. Bai, T.J. Bian, X. Cui, Z. Duan, J. Gao, H. Geng, Y.Y. Guo, Q. Qin, N. Wang, Y. Wang, M. Xiao, J.Y. Zhai, C. Zhang, Y. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
W. Chou
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
F. Su
Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by the National Foundation of Natural Sciences (11505198 and 11575218)
In order to avoid the pretzel orbit, CEPC is proposed to use partial double ring scheme in CDR. Based on crab waist scheme, we hope to either increase the luminosity with same beam power as Pre-CDR, or reduce the beam power while keeping the same luminosity in Pre-CDR. FFS with crab sextupoles has been developed and the arc lattice was redesigned to acheive the lower emittance for crab waist scheme.

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THPOR011

Design study of CEPC Alternating Magnetic Field Booster

3791

T.J. Bian, S. Bai, X. Cui, J. Gao, D. Wang, Y. Wang, M. Xiao, C. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Y. Cai
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
M. Koratzinos
DPNC, Genève, Switzerland
F. Su
Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China

CEPC is next generation circular collider proposed by China. The design of the full energy booster ring of the CEPC is especially challenging. The ejected beam energy is 120GeV but the injected beam only 6GeV. In a conventional approach, the low magnetic field of the main dipole magnets creates problems. We propose to operate the booster ring as a large wiggler at low beam energies and as a normal ring at high energies to avoid the problem of very low dipole magnet fields.

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THPOR012

Dynamic Aperture Study of the CEPC Main Ring with Interaction Region

3795

Y. Wang, S. Bai, T.J. Bian, J. Gao, H. Geng, D. Wang, Y. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
F. Su
Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China

CEPC is a Circular Electron and Positron Collider proposed by China to mainly study the Higgs boson. In order to achieve factory luminosity, a strong focusing system and low-emittance are required. A momentum acceptance as large as 2\% is also required to get a reasonable beam lifetime. This is one of the key issues of the CEPC accelerator physics. In this paper, the optics design of the interaction region and the optimization of dynamic aperture for the whole ring (single ring scheme) will be presented.

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THPOR017

Dynamic Aperture Optimization at CEPC with Pretzel Orbit

3808

H. Geng, S. Bai, X. Cui, Z. Duan, J. Gao, Y.Y. Guo, Y.M. Peng, Q. Qin, D. Wang, N. Wang, Y. Wang, G. Xu, Y. Yue, Y. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
W. Chou
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
F. Su
Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China

A preliminary design of the CEPC ring with pretzel orbit will be presented. The ring and pretzel orbit will be designed for 50 bunches, as required in the CEPC Pre-CDR. The linear optics, as well as the non-linear chromaticity compensation with the presence of pretzel orbit will be described. Different phase advance difference between the long and short straight sections, have been tried to optimize the dynamic aperture, the results will be shown in this paper.

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THPOR018

Comissioning of Upgraded VEPP-2000 Injection Chain

3811

D.E. Berkaev, A.V. Andrianov, K.V. Astrelina, V.V. Balakin, A.M. Barnyakov, O.V. Belikov, M.F. Blinov, D.V. Bochek, D. Bolkhovityanov, F.A. Emanov, A.R. Frolov, K. Gorchakov, Ye.A. Gusev, A.S. Kasaev, E. Kenzhbulatov, I. Koop, I.E. Korenev, G.Y. Kurkin, N.N. Lebedev, A.E. Levichev, P.V. Logatchov, A.P. Lysenko, D.A. Nikiforov, V.P. Prosvetov, Yu. A. Rogovsky, S.L. Samoylov, A.I. Senchenko, P.Yu. Shatunov, Y.M. Shatunov, D.B. Shwartz, A.A. Starostenko, I.M. Zemlyansky, Yu.M. Zharinov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
F.A. Emanov, Yu. A. Rogovsky, A.I. Senchenko, A.A. Starostenko
NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia

The upgrade of VEPP-2000 e⁺e⁻ collider injection chain includes the connection to BINP Injection Complex (IC) via newly constructed transfer line K-500 as well as upgrade of the booster synchrotron BEP to the energy of 1 GeV. Modernization has started in the middle of 2013 and now the electron and positron beams with highly increased production rate together with top-up injection from BEP are ready to feed VEPP-2000 ring and provide design luminosity at the whole energy range limited only by beam-beam effects. The design and operation experience of IC damping ring, 250 m transfer channel and booster BEP dealing with 2.6 T magnets at top energy will be presented.

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THPOR019

Momentum Acceptance Optimization in FCC-ee Lattice (CERN)

3814

A.V. Bogomyagkov, E.B. Levichev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: Work is supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.
The part of the ongoing study of the future circular collider (FCC) is an electron positron machine with center of mass energy from 90 to 350 GeV. Crab waist collision scheme and small (1 mm) vertical beta function at the interaction point (IP) provide superior luminosity. At the top energy, radiation in the field of the opposite bunch (beamstrahlung) limits the beam lifetime and therefore achievable luminosity. Beamstrahlung influence depends on momentum acceptance of the lattice, the value of 2% provides acceptable lifetime. The small value of vertical beta function enhances effects of nonlinear chromaticity. The present work describes principles used in design and optimization of FCC-ee momentum acceptance optimization and are based on chromatic variations of beta function.

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THPOR020

Status of VEPP-4M Collider

3818

E.B. Levichev, O.I. Meshkov, P.A. Piminov, A.N. Zhuravlev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

At present the VEPP-4 storage ring facility provides varied experimental programs including HEP, nuclear physics, synchrotron radiation, polarized electron/positron beam research, etc. Until now, the studies were mainly performed at the beam energy below 2 GeV but a strong interest of experimentalists encourages us to increase the beam energy up to 5 GeV. Reliable and high-performance operation at high energy is a challenge for the machine. Here we discuss the recent experimental results at the low energy, and prospects and constraints of the energy ramp.

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THPOR022

Design of Beam Optics for the FCC-ee Collider Ring

3821

K. Oide, K. Ohmi, D. Zhou
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Aiba
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
S. Aumon, M. Benedikt, H. Burkhardt, A. Doblhammer, B. Härer, B.J. Holzer, J.M. Jowett, M. Koratzinos, L.E. Medina Medrano, Y. Papaphilippou, J. Wenninger, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A.P. Blondel
DPNC, Genève, Switzerland
A.V. Bogomyagkov, I. Koop, E.B. Levichev, P.A. Piminov, D.N. Shatilov, D.B. Shwartz, S.V. Sinyatkin
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
M. Boscolo
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
Y. Cai, M.K. Sullivan, U. Wienands
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

A design of beam optics will be presented for the FCC-ee double-ring collider. The main characteristics are 45 to 175 GeV beam energy, 100 km circumference with two IPs/ring, 30 mrad crossing angle at the IP, crab-waist scheme with local chromaticity correction system, and "tapering" of the magnets along with the local beam energy. An asymmetric layout near the interaction region suppresses the critical energy of synchrotron radiation toward the detector at the IP less than 100 keV, while keeping the geometry as close as to the FCC-hh beam line. A sufficient transverse/longitudinal dynamic aperture is obtained to assure the lifetime with beamstrahlung and top-up injection. The synchrotron radiation in all magnets, the IP solenoid and its compensation, nonlinearity of the final quadrupoles are taken into account.

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THPOR023

The FCC-ee Interaction Region Magnet Design

3824

M. Koratzinos, A.P. Blondel
DPNC, Genève, Switzerland
M. Benedikt, B.J. Holzer, F. Zimmermann, J. van Nugteren
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A.V. Bogomyagkov, S.V. Sinyatkin
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
K. Oide
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The design of the region close to the interaction point of the FCC-ee experiments is especially challenging. The beams collide at an angle (±15 mrad) in the high-field region of the detector solenoid. Moreover, the very low vertical β* of the machine necessitates that the final focusing quadrupoles have a distance from the IP (L*) of around 2 m and therefore are inside the main detector solenoid. The beams should be screened from the effect of the detector magnetic field, and the emittance blow-up due to vertical dispersion in the interaction region should be minimized, while leaving enough space for detector components. Crosstalk between the two final focus quadrupoles, only about 6 cm apart at the tip, should also be minimized.

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THPOR024

Electrical Power Budget for FCC-ee

3828

F. Zimmermann, S. Aull, M. Benedikt, D. Bozzini, O. Brunner, J.-P. Burnet, A.C. Butterworth, R. Calaga, E. Jensen, V. Mertens, A. Milanese, M. Nonis, N. Schwerg, L.J. Tavian, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A.P. Blondel, M. Koratzinos
DPNC, Genève, Switzerland
Sh. Gorgi Zadeh
Rostock University, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Rostock, Germany
K. Oide
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
L. Rinolfi
JUAS, Archamps, France

Funding: Supported by the European Commission under the Capacities 7th Framework Programme project EuCARD-2, grant agreement 312453.
We present a first rough estimate for the electrical power consumption of the FCC-ee lepton collider. This electrical power is dominated by the RF system, which provides the motivation for the ongoing R&D on highly efficient RF power sources. Other contributions come from the warm arc magnets, the cryogenics systems, cooling, ventilation, general services, the particle-physics detectors, and the injector complex.

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THPOR025

Wedge Absorbers for Final Cooling for a High-Energy High-Luminosity Lepton Collider

3832

D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
T.A. Mohayai
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
P. Snopok
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
D.J. Summers
UMiss, University, Mississippi, USA

Funding: Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the U. S. Department of Energy.
A high-energy high-luminosity muon collider scenario requires a "final cooling" system that reduces transverse emittance to ~25 microns (normalized) while allowing longitudinal emittance increase. Ionization cooling using high-field solenoids (or Li Lens) can reduce transverse emittances to ~100 microns in readily achievable configurations, confirmed by simulation. Passing these muon beams at ~100 MeV/c through cm-sized diamond wedges can reduce transverse emittances to ~25 microns, while increasing longitudinal emittance by a factor of ~5. Implementation will require optical matching of the exiting beam into downstream acceleration systems.

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