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| MO1003 | Commissioning of the J-PARC Linac | linac, klystron, focusing, ion-source | 6 | ||
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rt in December, 2006. All the components have been installed in the linac tunnel and the klystron gallery, respectively. The preparation for the beam commissioning is under way as scheduled, except for the air-pressure control system, which delayed the powering of the cavities by one month. If no more serious trouble, the beam commissioning will start on schedule. The J-PARC linac comprises the 3-MeV, 324-MHz RFQ linac, the 50-MeV DTL, and the 181-MeV SDTL and the 400-MeV, 972-MHz ACS. It is unique by making use of many newly developed or invented accelerator technologies.
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| MOP038 | 200-MHz, 1.5-MeV Deuteron RFQ Linac | linac, ion, ion-source, controls | 124 | ||
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A 200-MHz, 1.5-MeV deuteron RFQ linac system is under construction at Linac Systems. The linac structure employs the four-bar, radial-strut design, where the four bars are supported by a series of radial struts emanating from the wall of a cylindrical cavity with four-pole symmetry. This structure looks and performs very much like the four-vane RFQ structure. This design is about twice the efficiency of the conventional four-bar RFQ design. Another important advantage of this design is that the dipole mode is higher in frequency than the quadrupole mode, thus eliminating any problems with the mixing of the dipole mode with the quadrupole mode. Injection of deuterons into the linac will be at 50 keV from a microwave ECR ion source. The linac structure is 2.72 meters long. The peak beam current out of the linac will be 20 mA. A pulse duty factor of 5% will yield an average beam current of 1 mA. The rf power requirement is 58 kW to excite the structure, plus 30 kW to accelerate the beam, for a total of 88 kW. This linac system is scheduled for completion in the spring of 2007.
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| MOP040 | Design of the PEFP 100-MeV Linac | proton, linac, quadrupole, klystron | 130 | ||
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The Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) is constructing a 100 MeV proton linac in order to provide 20 MeV and 100 MeV proton beams. The linac consists of a 50 keV proton injector, a 3 MeV radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ), a 20 MeV drift tube linac (DTL), a medium energy beam transport (MEBT), and the higher energy part (20 MeV ~ 100 MeV) of the 100 MeV DTL. The MEBT is located after the 20 MeV DTL in order to extract 20 MeV proton beams as well as to match the proton beam into the higher energy part of the linac. The 20 MeV part of the linac was completed and is now under beam test. The higher energy part of the PEFP linac was designed to operate with 8% beam duty and is now under construction. This brief report discusses the design of the PEFP 100MeV linac as well as the MEBT.
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| MOP041 | Test Results of the PEFP 20-MeV Proton Accelerator | proton, klystron, power-supply, site | 133 | ||
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A 20 MeV proton accelerator has been developed by Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP). The accelerator consists of a 50 keV proton injector, a 3 MeV radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and a 20 MeV DTL (Drift Tube Linac). The preliminary test is being performed at KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) site. A pulsed proton beam is extracted from the proton injector by switching the high voltage power supply of the ion source. The beam transmission rate through the RFQ was measured with respect to the vane voltage to set the operating point. The 20 MeV DTL consists of four tanks and the beam transmission characteristics have been checked for various parameters. In this paper, a test stand for a 20 MeV accelerator at KAERI site is introduced and the test results are discussed.
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| MOP042 | Performance of Alternating-Phase-Focused IH-DTL | linac, ion, acceleration, heavy-ion | 136 | ||
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Tumor therapy using HIMAC has been performed at NIRS since June 1994. With the successful clinical results over more than ten years, a number of projects to construct these complexes have been proposed over the world. Since existing heavy-ion linacs are large in size, the development of compact linacs would play a key role in designing compact and cost-effective complexes. Therefore, we designed a compact injector system consisting of RFQ and Interdigital H-mode DTL (IH-DTL) having the frequency of 200 MHz. For the beam focusing of IH-DTL, the method of Alternating-Phase-Focusing (APF) was employed. By using APF, no focusing element in the cavity, such as quadrupole magnets, is needed. Having employed APF IH-DTL, the injector system is compact; the total length of two linacs is less than 6m. The injector system can accelerate carbon ions up to 4.0 AMeV. The construction and installation of RFQ and APF IH-DTL has completed, and the beam tests were performed. We succeeded to accelerate carbon ions with satisfactory beam intensity and emittances. The design and performance of RFQ and APF IH-DTL will be presented.
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| MOP043 | Upgrade of 1-MeV Heavy Ion ISR RFQ Accelerator | ion, ion-source, simulation, acceleration | 139 | ||
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The upgrade of 1 MeV ISR RFQ accelerator has been launched for exploring the possibilities of a few mA heavy ion beam acceleration and its applications on the material science, biological irradiation and RFQ-AMS carbon chronology. A new ECR ion source with extracting voltage of 22kV, and the LEBT matching section have been redesigned and tested to increase the injection beam current and to realize the beam matching. The experimental tests for the different operating parameters have been compared to the simulations by self developed code RFQDYN. The preliminary results will be presented in this paper.
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| MOP044 | The High-Intensity Superconducting Linac for the SPIRAL 2 Project at GANIL | ion, linac, heavy-ion, ion-source | 142 | ||
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After a detailed design study phase (2003-2004), the Spiral 2 project at GANIL was officially approved in May 2005. The project group for the construction was launched in July 2005, with the participation of French laboratories (CEA, CNRS) and international partners. The Spiral 2 Driver Accelerator is composed of an injector (protons, deuterons and heavy ions with q/A=1/3), a room temperature RFQ, and a superconducting linac with two beta families of Quarter Wave Resonators. It will deliver high intensity beams for Radioactive Ions production by the ISOL method and stable heavy ions for nuclear and interdisciplinary physics. High intensity neutrons beams will also be delivered for irradiation and time of flight experiments. In this paper we focus on the High Intensity Driver Accelerator design and the results obtained with the first prototypes of several major components.
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| MOP046 | Commissioning of the 7-MeV/u, 217-MHz Injector Linac for the Heavy Ion Cancer Therapy Facility at the University Clinics in Heidelberg | ion, linac, ion-source, emittance | 148 | ||
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A clinical synchrotron facility designed by GSI for cancer therapy using energetic proton and ion beams (C, He and O) is under construction at the university clinics in Heidelberg, Germany. In this contribution the current status of the injector linac is reported. The installation and commissioning of the linac is performed gradually in three steps for the ion sources and the LEBT, the 400 keV/u RFQ and the 7 MeV/u IH-type drift tube linac. Two powerful 14.5 GHz permanent magnet ECR ion sources from PANTECHNIK as well as the LEBT and the linac RF system have been installed in Heidelberg between November 2005 and March 2006. A test bench with versatile beam diagnostics elements has been designed and installed for the commissioning phase. In April 2006 the two ion sources produced the first ion beams on the site. Extensive RFQ tests using proton beams have been performed at test benches at the IAP and at GSI already during 2004-2006. The 1.4 MW 217 MHz amplifier for the IH tank has also been commissioned at a test setup at GSI in advance to the installation in Heidelberg. The RF tuning of the 20 MV IH-DTL cavity is performed by the IAP in close cooperation with GSI.
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| MOP047 | An RFQ-Decelerator for HITRAP | emittance, ion, linac, vacuum | 151 | ||
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The HITRAP linac at GSI will decelerate ions from 5 MeV/u to 6 keV/u for experiments with the large GSI Penning trap. The ions are decelerated at first in the existing experimental storage ring (ESR) down to an energy of 5 MeV/u and will be injected into a new Decelerator-Linac consisting of a IH-structure, which decelerates down to 500keV/u, and a 4-Rod RFQ , decelerating to 5 keV/u. The properties of the RFQ decelerator and the status of the project will be discussed.
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| MOP048 | Installation of the French High-Intensity Proton Injector at Saclay | diagnostics, proton, linac, shielding | 153 | ||
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The installation of the French high intensity injector “IPHI” is in progress on the Saclay site. The proton source, RF power system, cooling plant, diagnostics line as well as shielding are now in place. The first sections of the RFQ cavity are installed on their supports. Commissioning is planned during the first half of 2007. At the beginning of 2008, a beam chopper, developed at Cern, will be inserted between the RFQ and the diagnostics line and tested with a proton beam. At the end of 2008, part of IPHI will be moved from Saclay to Cern. New tests, intended for the LINAC4 project, will be carried out using a negative hydrogen beam. This paper describes the fabrication and assembly operations. The future of IPHI at Cern is evoked.
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| MOP050 | Construction Plans for the LENS Proton Linac | proton, klystron, target, linac | 156 | ||
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The Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) at Indiana University will provide moderated neutrons in the meV energy range for materials and neutron physics research as well as MeV energy range neutrons for creating a high flux neutron test environment. Neutrons will be generated by colliding 13 MeV or 21 MeV protons with a Be target. Since December 2004, we have used an existing RFQ and DTL, we have been able to deliver a 0.5% duty factor a 10 mA, 7 MeV beam to a Be target mounted next to a frozen methane moderator*. By early 2007, an additional 7 MeV to 13 MeV DTL section will be added and klystrons will be used to power the RFQ and DTL sections. This will improve the output to 3% duty factor with 20 mA at 13 MeV. A new 75 keV, 150 mA proton injector and 100 mA, high duty factor RFQ is being constructed to replace the original 3 MeV RFQ at a later date. The peak beam current available from the new injector and RFQ will increase to 50 mA with a duty factor of at least 5% or up to 100 mA with lower duty factor. In addition, a 13 MeV to 22 MeV DTL is planned to boost the maximum instantaneous flux available from the neutron source up to about 1012 n/s/cm2.
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V. P. Derenchuk, et al., "The LENS 7 MeV, 10 mA Proton Linac," PAC05, p. 3200. |
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| MOP051 | Development of an Intense Neutron Source FRANZ in Frankfurt | proton, space-charge, ion, emittance | 159 | ||
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The Stern-Gerlach-Center recently founded at the University of Frankfurt gives the possibility for experiments in accelerator physic, astrophysic and material sience research. It is planned to develop an intense neutron generator within the next 4 years. The proton driver linac consists of a high voltage terminal already under construction to provide primary proton beam energies of max. 150 keV. A volume type ion source will deliver a DC beam current of 100-250 mA at a proton fraction of 90%. A low energy beam transport using two solenoids will inject the proton beam into an RFQ while a chopper at the entrance of the RFQ will create a pulse length of 50 ns and a repetition rate up to 250 kHz. A drift tube cavity for the variation of the beam energy in a range of 1.9 – 2.4 MeV will be installed downstream of the RFQ. Finally a bunch compressor of the Mobley type forms a proton pulse length of 1 ns at the Li target. The maximum energies of the neutrons being adjustable between 100 keV and 500 keV by the primary proton beam. The detailed concept of the high current injector, numerical simulation of beam transport and losses will be presented together with first experimental results.
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| MOP052 | First Performance Test of an Integrated RFQ-Drifttube-Combination | ion, simulation, bunching, proton | 162 | ||
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In the frame of a collaboration with the GSI in Darmstadt an RFQ-Drifttube-Combination for the Heidelberg cancer therapy center HICAT has been designed, built and successfully beam tested at the IAP Frankfurt. The integration and combination of both an RFQ and a rebunching drifttube unit inside a common cavity forming one single resonant RF-structure has been realized for the first time with this machine. The results of the beam measurements and questions about the beam dynamics simulations have been investigated in detail with the code RFQSIM.
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| MOP053 | Construction of a High-Current RFQ for ADS Study | dipole, vacuum, quadrupole, coupling | 165 | ||
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A high current RFQ accelerator has been constructed in China for the basic study of Accelerator Driven Subcritical System. The ADS project is supported by a national program and aimed at the development of clean nuclear energy to meet of the rapid growth of the nuclear power plants in China. The 3.5MeV RFQ accelerator has been fabricated and installed. Field tuning and high power conditioning indicate a good agreement with our design. The beam commissioning with an ECR ion source is under development. This paper will present the recent progress in the construction and commissioning of the RFQ accelerator.
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| MOP054 | Status of the SARAF Project | ion, ion-source, emittance, diagnostics | 168 | ||
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Soreq NRC recently initiated the establishment of SARAF – Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility. SARAF will be a multi-user facility for basic, medical and biological research, non-destructive testing (NDT) and research, development and production of radio-isotopes for pharmaceutical purposes. An on going major activity is research and development of high heat flux (up to 80 kW on a few cm2) irradiation targets. SARAF is based on a continuous wave (CW), proton/deuteron RF superconducting linear accelerator with variable energy (5–40 MeV) and current (0.04-2 mA). SARAF is designed to enable hands-on maintenance, which implies beam loss below 10-5 for the entire accelerator. The commissioning of the Phase I of SARAF (full current, energy up to 4-5 MeV) is taking place during 2006 at Soreq. This paper describes the SARAF project and presents commissioning of the normal conducting injector (i.e., ECR ion source and RFQ). Test results of the β=0.09 half wave superconducting resonators are presented, and resonator geometry improvements with respect to electron multipacting behavior is discussed. An outlook on the project regarding reaching the final energy of 40 MeV is given.
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| MOP060 | A New LEBT and RFQ Radial Matcher for the UNILAC Front End | ion, emittance, ion-source, heavy-ion | 183 | ||
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The UNILAC heavy ion accelerator will serve as a high current injector for the future FAIR accelerator complex of GSI. This requires to inject 2.7x1011 ions/0.1x10-6s of U28+ into the existing synchrotron (SIS). Additionally, the UNILAC serves in multi beam operation experiments with high duty factor beams of different species. To meet all future demands a dedicated upgrade programme of the UNILAC is in work. This paper focuses on front end improvements. A new beam transport system will provide achromatic deflection and high mass resolution for the heavy ion beams from both existing ion source terminals. A new terminal for high current ion sources with a straight line solenoid based beam channel will be added. E.g. U3+ and U4+ ions with and a total beam current of 55mA will be injected into the RFQ for a maximum intensity yield of U4+-beam at the exit. To optimize the total front end beam transmission a redesigned radial input matcher of the RFQ is already implemented. It enables a smoother RFQ input matching of the high current beam resulting in smaller beam diameter and in lower particle losses. Beam measurements comparing old and new input radial matchers are presented.
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| MOP061 | The 70-MeV Proton Linac for the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR | proton, linac, emittance, simulation | 186 | ||
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A significant part of the experimental program at FAIR is dedicated to antiproton (pbar) physics requiring up to 7·1010 cooled pbars per hour. Taking into account the pbar production and cooling rate, this is equivalent to a primary proton beam of 2·1016 protons per hour to be provided by a 70 MeV proton linac preceding two synchrotrons. It has to deliver a pulsed proton beam of 70 mA of 36 μs duration at a repetition rate of 4 Hz. The normalized transverse emittances must not exceed 2.8 mm mrad and the total relative momentum spread must be less than 0.1%. The normal conducting DTL comprises 12 Crossed-bar H-cavities (CH) fed by six rf-power sources in total. The basic layout of the linac as well as the overall cost estimate has been completed including several reviews by external committees. A technical report has been completed in May 2006. This paper gives a general overview on the status of the project.
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| MOP063 | Deceleration of Highly Charged Ions for the HITRAP Project at GSI | ion, emittance, linac, heavy-ion | 189 | ||
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The highly charged heavy ion trap (HITRAP) project at GSI is a funded mid term project and is planned to be operational end of 2007. Highly charged ions up to U92+ provided by the GSI accelerator facility will be decelerated from 4 MeV/u down to 6 keV/u and subsequently be injected into a large Penning trap for further deceleration and phase space cooling. The deceleration is done in a combination of the GSI experimental storage ring (ESR) and a linac based on an IH-structure and a RFQ. In front of the decelerator linac a double drift-buncher-system provides for phase focusing and a final de-buncher integrated in the RFQ-tank reduces the energy spread in order to improve the efficiency for beam capture in the cooler trap. The paper reports the beam dynamics design along the entire decelerator down to the trap injection point, as well as and the status of the cavities. Finally the time schedule and ESR and linac commissioning are discussed.
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| TU2002 | Laser-Based Heavy Ion Production | ion, laser, plasma, target | 219 | ||
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We have focused on high brightness of induced plasma in Laser Ion Source (LIS) to provide intense highly charged ions efficiently. To take the advantage of the intrinsic density of the laser plasma, Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS) has been developed. The induced laser plasma has initial expanding velocity and can be delivered directly to the RFQ. Extraction electrodes and focusing devices in LEBT are not needed. Since 2004, a newly designed RFQ has been used to verify the capability of the new ion production scheme. We succeeded to accelerate 60 m A of Carbon beam and 60 mA of Aluminium beam. We have also tried to understand plasma properties of various species by measuring charge states distributions and time structures, and are now ready to accelerate heavier species. Currently Silver 15+ beam is planned to be accelerated. In the conference, design strategies and detailed techniques for the DPIS will be described based on the measured plasma properties of various elements and new findings obtained from recent acceleration experiments. The durability and the reproducibility will be also explained.
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| TU2003 | China Spallation Neutron Source Linac Design | linac, power-supply, ion, ion-source | 222 | ||
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Beijing Spallation Neutron Source has been approved in principle by the Chinese government. BSNS can provide a beam power of 100kW on the target in the first phase, and then 200kW in the second phase. The accelerator complex of BSNS consists of an H- linac of 81MeV and a rapid cycling synchrotron of 1.6GeV at 25Hz repetition rate. In the second phase, the linac energy will be upgraded to 134MeV and the average current will be doubled. The linac has been designed, and some R&D studies have been lunched under the support from Chinese Academy of Sciences. The linac comprises a H- ion source, an RFQ and a conventional DTL with EMQs. This paper will present our major design results and some progresses in the R&D of the linac.
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| TU2004 | Results on the Beam Commissioning of the Superconducting-RFQ of the New LNL Injector | emittance, simulation, ion, beam-losses | 227 | ||
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A new injector for the heavy ion superconducting linac ALPI has been built at LNL. This new accelerator, named PIAVE, is designed to accelerate ions with A/Q=<8.5 up to 1.2 MeV/u. The main components are an ECRIS source operating on a high voltage platform, a three harmonic buncher, a superconducting RFQ cryomodule containing two bulk niobium structures and two QWR cryomodules housing 4 cavities each. In the last year the injector has been commissioned, with O, Ar, Ne and Xe beams, and put into operation. The beam performances, and the results of longitudinal and transverse emittance measurements will be shown and compared with simulations. Neon and argon beams have been delivered to the experiments (after acceleration with PIAVE and ALPI) for a total of about 400 hours. It should be noted that this is the first superconducting RFQ in operation; the design opportunities offered by this technology for a wider field of applications will be briefly discussed. The heart of these opportunity is given by the high intervane voltage in a cw RFQ (PIAVE can operate cw with an intervane voltage higher than 250 kV).
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| TUP002 | High-Dynamic-Range Current Measurements in the Medium-Energy Beta Transport Line at the Spallation Neutron Source | SNS, Spallation-Neutron-Source, linac, extraction | 244 | ||
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It is desired to measure the effectiveness of the LEBT (low energy beta transport) chopper system. Since this chopper is required to chop the H- beam to a 1% level, it is required therefore to accurately measure the beam during the chop. A system is developed with a high dynamic range that can both accurately measure the beam to tune the chopper system as well as provide an input to the MPS (machine protection system) to stop the beam in the event of a chopper system failure. A system description, beam based calibration, and beam measurements are included.
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| TUP005 | Design of an RFQ-Based Neutron Source for Cargo Container Interrogation | target, ion-source, ion, quadrupole | 253 | ||
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An RFQ-based neutron generator system is described that generates pulsed neutrons for the active screening of sea-land cargo containers for the detection of shielded special nuclear materials (SNM). A microwave-driven deuteron source is coupled to an electrostatic LEBT that injects a 40 mA D+-beam into a 6 MeV, 5.1 meter-long 200 MHz RFQ. The RFQ has a unique beam dynamics design and is capable of operating at duty factors of 5 to10% accelerating a D+ time-averaged current of up to 1.5 mA at 5% duty factor, including species and transmission loss. The beam is transported through a specially-designed thin-window into a 2-atmosphere deuterium gas target. A high-frequency dipole magnet is used to scan the beam over the long dimension of the 5 by 40 cm target window. The source will be capable of delivering a neutron flux of 2·107 n/(cm2·s) to the center of a cargo container. Details of the ion source, LEBT, RFQ beam dynamics and gas target design are presented.
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| TUP011 | Upgrade of Beam Diagnostics in LEBT and MEBT of J-PARC LINAC | monitoring, linac, diagnostics, vacuum | 268 | ||
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After tests in Tsukuba-site, Front end part (from an ion source upto the first drift tube linac) of J-PARC LINAC was transported to Tokai-site. From the coming December, testing with H- beam is planned. After the tests in Tsukuba, a few beam current monitors are added in the low and the medium energy transport line, and those monitors are used for the machine- and the person-protection system. In this paper, design and roles of each monitor are described.
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| TUP021 | Wire Profile Monitors in J-PARC Linac | electron, linac, proton, simulation | 293 | ||
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We plan to install wire scanners for J-PARC linac in order to measure beam profile and emittance. They have been designed to capture electrons in H-, 7um-diameter carbon wires are used in 3MeV point and 30um-diameter tungsten wires are used for 50-181MeV point. We plan to set 36 wire scanners in linac and beam dumps. In this paper, we report the result of beam test with 3MeV beam at KEK and the calculation about signal and wire temperature.
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| TUP037 | Possible Upgrade Paths for the LANSCE H- Injector | ion, ion-source, linac, target | 330 | ||
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The LANSCE linac presently provides both H- and H+ beams to several user facilities. The H- injector uses a cesiated, multi-cusp field, surface converter source operating at duty factors between 10 and 12%, coupled to a Cockcroft-Walton (CW) accelerator to provide peak beam currents of ~15 mA for the LANSCE linac. In an effort to raise the peak beam current available to the majority of the H- users, we are pursuing two options. The first is a low duty factor H- ion source and a 750 keV RFQ that would provide ~25 mA of peak current for use by the Lujan and pRad programs. The second is a low frequency buncher for the existing 80 keV beam transport located inside the CW dome that could provide about a factor of two increase in the peak beam current for the WNR program. This paper will present these two options.
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| TUP039 | Two-Charge-State Injector for a High Power Heavy-Ion Linac* | ion, emittance, linac, heavy-ion | 336 | ||
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A permanent magnet (PM) ECR ion source and following low energy beam transport (LEBT) system with the capability to deliver two-charge-state heavy-ion beams (2Q-LEBT) for high-power linacs is being prototyped at Argonne. The injector consists of the PM ECR ion source, transport line with beam diagnostics including emittance measurements and a multi-harmonic buncher. Recently the ECR ion source has been installed on a high voltage platform to increase the accelerating voltage up to the design value of 100 kV. The unique feature of the 2Q-LEBT layout is that the charge separation is performed off of the platform after acceleration of a multi-component ion beam. This layout allows us to analyze and recombine two-charge-state beams using an achromatic bending system. Improvements of the PM ECR performance and beam optics studies based on measurements of various heavy-ion beams will be discussed in this paper.
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*This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38 |
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| TUP042 | A Proposal for Post Acceleration, Matching and Measuring the H- Ion Beam at CERN's Linac 4 Test Stand | emittance, linac, simulation, ion | 343 | ||
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CERN's proposed future Linac 4 is a 160 MeV H- Linac injecting into the Proton Sychrotron Booster. We propose that the ion source parameters (80mA, 500us pulse length, 2Hz repetition rate, 0.25 mm.mrad normalised emittance at 1 σ) may be achieved by improving an existing 2MHz RF multicusp source. In this report, we explain the proposal to post-accelerate the beam from 35keV to 95keV, and to focus the beam into the RFQ with solenoids, with the aimof avoiding substantial emittance growth. Finally, details of the diagnostics required to test the source are given.
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| TUP060 | Status of the EBIS Project at Brookhaven | ion, electron, linac, injection | 385 | ||
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The EBIS Project at Brookhaven National Laboratory will replace the Tandem Van de Graaff accelerators with an Electron Beam Ion Source, an RFQ, and short linac, as the heavy ion preinjector for RHIC. This project, jointly funded by DOE and NASA, will provide a modern preinjector which will have increased flexibility in providing beams to the various programs running simultaneously, will be capable of providing beams not presently available for RHIC and the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory, and will be simpler and less costly to operate. Presently in the first year of the four-year project, the detailed design is nearly complete, and some major procurements have been placed. The overall status of the project will be presented, as well as some unique features in the design, and results from the R&D using the prototype EBIS.
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| TUP066 | Particle Dynamics Calculations and Emittance Measurements at the FETS | simulation, emittance, ion, ion-source | 403 | ||
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High power proton accelerators in the MW range have many applications including drivers for spallation neutron sources, neutrino factories, transmuters (for transmuting long-lived nuclear waste products) and energy amplifiers. In order to contribute to the development of HPPAs, to prepare the way for an ISIS upgrade and to contribute to the UK design effort on neutrino factories, a front end test stand (FETS) is being constructed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK. The aim of the front end test stand is to demonstrate the production of a 60 mA, 2 ms, 50 pps chopped beam at 3 MeV with sufficient beam quality. An overview on the status of the project together with the results of numerical simulations of the particle dynamics from the ion source to the RFQ exit will be presented. The particle distributions gained from the particle dynamics simulations will be compared with recent measurements of the transversal beam emittance behind the ion source and the results discussed.
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| TUP072 | Beam Dynamics Studies of the 8-GeV Superconducting H- Linac | linac, simulation, beam-losses, focusing | 420 | ||
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A 8-GeV H-minus linac has been proposed to enhance the accelerator complex at Fermilab as a high-intensity neutrino source.* The linac is based on 430 independently phased superconducting cavities. The front-end of the linac (up to 420 MeV) operating at 325 MHz is based on RIA-type multi-spoke cavities. The rest of the linac (from 420 MeV to 8 GeV) uses ILC-type elliptical cavities. We have performed large scale end-to-end beam dynamics simulations of the driver linac using the code TRACK** including all sources of machine errors and detailed beam loss analysis. The results of these simulations will be presented and discussed.
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* G. W. Foster and J. A. MacLachlan, Proceedings of LINAC-2002, p.826. |
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| TUP074 | Beam Dynamics Simulations of SARAF Accelerator including Error Propagation and Implications for the EURISOL Driver | linac, simulation, proton, lattice | 426 | ||
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Beam dynamics simulations of the SARAF (Soreq Applied Research Accelerator) superconducting RF linear accelerator have bean performed in order to establish the linear accelerator design. The multi-particle simulation includes 3D realistic electromagnetic field distributions, space charge forces and fabrication, misalignment and operation errors. A 4 mA deuteron beam is accelerated up to 40 MeV with a moderated rms emittance growth and a high real-estate acceleration gradient of 2 MeV/m. An envelope of 40,000 macro-particles is kept under a radius of 11 mm, well below the beam pipe bore radius. The accelerator design for SARAF is proposed as an injector for the EURISOL driver accelerator. The basic Accel 176 MHz β0=0.09 and β0=0.15 HWR lattice was extended to 90 MeV based on the LNL 352 MHz β0=0.31 HWR. The matching between both lattices ensures smooth transition and the possibility to extend the accelerator to the required EURISOL ion energy.
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| TUP078 | Status of the End-to-End Beam Dynamics Simulations for the GSI UNILAC | simulation, emittance, ion, synchrotron | 438 | ||
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The heavy ion high current GSI linac UNILAC serves as an injector for the synchrotron SIS18. The UNILAC mainly consists of a High Current Injector (HSI), the stripper section at 1.4 MeV/u, and the Alvarez postaccelerator (11.4 MeV/u). During the last years the systematic experimental and numerical studies resulted in an increase of the U73+ beam intensity of up to a factor of seven. The needs of the FAIR project (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research at Darmstadt) require further improvement of the beam brilliance coming from UNILAC up to a factor of five. End-to-end beam dynamics simulations with the DYNAMION code have already been started. The general goal is to establish a simulation tool which can calculate the impact of the planned upgrade measures on the performance of the whole UNILAC. The results of the HSI calculations including influence of the beam intensity on the beam parameters (current, emittance, Twiss-parameters) at the stripper section are presented. Recent calculations and measurements of the beam matching to the Alvarez section under space charge conditions are discussed in the paper.
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| TUP079 | RIAPMTQ/IMPACT: Beam-Dynamics Simulation Tool for RIA | linac, simulation, emittance, beam-losses | 441 | ||
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We describe a multiple-charge-state simulation-code package for end-to-end computer simulations of the RIA heavy-ion driver linac, extending from the low-energy beam transport after the ECR source to the end of the linac. The work is being performed by a collaboration including LANL, LBNL, ANL, and MSU. The package consists of two codes, the code RIAPMTQ for the linac front end including the LEBT, RFQ, and MEBT, and the code IMPACT for the superconducting linac. This code package has been benchmarked for rms beam properties against previously existing codes at ANL and MSU. The simulation tool will allow high-statistics runs on parallel supercomputing platforms, such as NERSC, as well as runs on desktop PC computers for low-statistics design work. It will address an important near-term need for the RIA project, allowing evaluations of candidate designs with respect to beam-dynamics performance including beam losses, which can be compared with predictions of other existing simulation codes.
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| TUP088 | Benchmarking of Simulation Codes TRACK and ASTRA for the FNAL High-Intensity Proton Source | simulation, space-charge, emittance, proton | 466 | ||
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The FNAL High Intensity Proton Source is an 8-GeV superconducting H-minus Linac conceived with the primary mission of enabling 2 MW beam power from the Main Injector at 120 GeV for the Fermilab neutrino program. The main tool used for the design of this accelerator is the beam dynamics code TRACK developed by Argonne National Laboratory to fulfill the requirements of proton and heavy-ion linacs. ASTRA, developed by DESY (Hamburg, Germany) and mainly used for the design of electron photo-injectors, also offers the possibility to simulate acceleration of hydrogen ions. Benchmarking of TRACK and ASTRA is presented in this paper for a zero current and a 30 mA beam from the exit of the RFQ (2.5 MeV) to the end of the accelerating section (8 GeV).
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| TUP090 | Advances of NPK LUTS Contraband Detection System | proton, linac, acceleration, radiation | 472 | ||
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Principle and project of NPK LUTS contraband detection technological complex (CDTC) was presented by authors at EPAC 2002. This paper reviews researches connected with 433 MHz ion linacs creation for the last four years. Main part is description of designing and testing of RFQ and APF resonators. State of affairs of other CDTC system is described briefly.
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| TUP091 | Choice of Ion Linac as Neutron Generator for Contraband-Detection System | proton, linac, target, background | 475 | ||
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8 Mev proton linac and 4 Mev deuteron linac with working frequency 433 MHz are considered as neutron generator for detection system of explosive and fission. Required beam parameters, target materials, pulsed modulation and detection methods are discussed. Possible schemes of accelerating system of contraband detection complex are proposed. One supposes using of RFQ for deuteron linac and RFQ with IH cavity as proton one. Choice is determined by some few criterions: cost, sizes, safety, hardness of manufacturing and tuning.
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| WE2004 | 100 MeV High-Duty-Factor Proton Linac Development at KAERI | proton, klystron, linac, power-supply | 501 | ||
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The Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) is developing a 100 MeV high-duty-factor proton linac, which consists of a 50 keV proton injector, a 3 MeV radio frequency quadrupole, a 20 MeV drift tube linac, a 20 MeV beam transport line, a 100 MeV drift tube linac, and a 100 MeV beam transport line. It will supply proton beams of 20 MeV and 100 MeV to users for proton beam applications with the beam duty factor of 24% and 8% respectively. The 20 MeV front-end accelerator with CW RF systems had been constructed at KAERI test stand, and the rest part of the accelerator is being fabricated and will be installed in the new site at Gyeongju City. The preliminary results of the 20 MeV proton linac and the status of the 100 MeV proton linac will be presented.
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| TH1004 | A 70-MeV Proton Linac for the FAIR Facility Based on CH - Cavities | linac, coupling, proton, quadrupole | 526 | ||
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Future Accelerators for fundamental and for applied research will need a significant improvement in injector capabilities. This paper will describe the concept and the status of the 70 MeV, 70 mA proton injector for GSI - FAIR and compare the CH - linac design with traditional DTL concepts. Improvements in the space charge routine of the LORASR code as well as CH - prototype cavity development and cavity grouping with respect to commercial 3 MW rf power amplifiers is reported. Additionally, the potential of robust superconducting low and medium energy high current linac sections will be explained on the basis of experimental results from a first 19 cell s.c. 350 MHz CH - prototype cavity.
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| THP004 | Digital Low-Level RF Control Using Non-IQ Sampling | controls, feedback, SNS, linac | 568 | ||
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The success of digital feedback with synchronous IQ sampling for cavity field control in recent accelerator projects make this LLRF control scheme a popular choice. This short-period synchronous sampling does not, however, average out well-known defects in modern ADC and DAC hardware. That limits the achievable control precision for digital IQ LLRF controllers, while demands for precision are increasing for future accelerators such as International Linear Collider. For this reason, a collaborative effort is developing a digital LLRF control evaluation platform to experiment using coherent sampling with much longer synchronous periods, on the order of the cavity closed-loop bandwidth. This exercise will develop and test the hardware and software needed to meet greater future RF control challenges.
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| THP008 | Detailed Modeling of the SNS RFQ Structure with CST Microwave Studio | simulation, SNS, dipole, quadrupole | 580 | ||
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We report detailed RF modeling on the SNS RFQ structure using CST Microwave Studio code. Due to the complexity of the RFQ structure, a three-dimensional model with large mesh ratio is required to adequately model the necessary details of the structure. Old 3-D codes are not capable of giving accurate predictions of resonant frequency and fields, or for including mode stabilizers and terminations. A physical prototype is needed to verify resonant frequency and field profile, including mode stabilizers and end terminations, which is expensive and time consuming. Taking advantage of CST Microwave Studio’s new Perfect Boundary Approximation (PBA) technique, we constructed a 3-dimensional computational model based on the as-built SNS RFQ dimensions with pi-mode stabilizers, end cutbacks and tuners and simulated it in the frequency domain using the CST Eigenvalue Solver. Simulation results accurately predicted the resonant frequency and field distributions. We are applying the simulation technique to the design of another RFQ.
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| THP029 | Development of an RFQ Input Power Coupling System | vacuum, coupling, SNS, simulation | 634 | ||
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An RF input coupler system is designed, manufactured, and tested for future upgrade of the coupling system of the RFQ in the SNS linac. The design employs two coaxial loops in vacuum side of two coaxial ceramic windows through coaxial transmission lines that are connected to a magic-T waveguide power splitter for 402.5 MHz operation. The couplers will be used with up to total 800 kW peak power at 8% duty cycle. RF properties of the system and fabricated structure along with vacuum and thermal properties are discussed. Two couplers are joined together through an evacuated bridge waveguide for high power RF processing. Result of the high power conditioning that is performed in the RF test facility of the SNS is presented.
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| THP039 | Status of the RF Systems for the SPIRAL2 Linac at the Beginning of the Construction Phase | controls, ion, linac, diagnostics | 664 | ||
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The Spiral 2 project uses an RFQ and a superconductiong linac to accelerate high intensity beams of deuterons and heavier ions. The accelatoror frequency is 88 MHz. The construction phase was approved in Mai 2005 and the project organization was recently finalized. The RF Systems activity includes power amplifiers and control electronics for all the accelerator and some of the RF devices on the beam line: the slow and fast chopper and the rebunchers. The paper describes the status of the amplifiers prototypes, the architecture chosen for the digital LLRF and the preliminary studies on the other RF devices.
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| THP041 | 400-kW RF Amplifier for a 201.5-MHz Deuteron RFQ Accelerator | linac, power-supply, proton, klystron | 670 | ||
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The dedicated 400kW RF amplifier with hypervaportron TH781 tetrode for a 201.5MHz Deuteron RFQ accelerator has been manufactured and tested successfully. It can deliver 400kW pulse power over RF frequency range from 199MHz to 203MHz with maximum pulse duration of 1ms and 10% duty cycle. The exciter with solid state transistors can output 1kW at both CW and pulse modes. The driver stage can output maximum 20kW. The dummy load with CW 50kW and peak to average ratio of 10 has been modified to fit the requirements of amplifier test measurements.
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| THP042 | Development of High-Current 201.5-MHz Deuteron RFQ Accelerator | simulation, linac, ion-source, ion | 673 | ||
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The beam dynamics for a 201.5MHz 50mA 2.0MeV Deuteron RFQ accelerator with duty cycle of 10% has been further improved by using equipartitioning method. The RFQ structure, mechanical design, thermal analysis and its cooling method have been investigated. The tuning of RF cavity for the field and other parameters has been simulated. A new developed ECR ion source and its setup have been completed and tested. The LEBT for the injection of RFQ is under the construction, and the HEBT at RFQ exit for the further applications has been designed and to be constructed in the near future. All the development results will be presented in this paper.
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| THP064 | Tuning a CW 4-Rod RFQ | resonance, acceleration, pick-up, vacuum | 728 | ||
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A 4-Rod RFQ has been built, which operates cw and will accelerate 5mA D beams up to 3 MeV. The length of the structure is 3.8 m, the power consumption as high as 250 kW. The tuning of a 4-Rod RFQ with 30 rf-cells at the frequency of 175 MHz is difficult, so procedures have been developed, to facilitate this work. The properties of the RFQ accelerator, the tuning procedure and the status of the project will be discussed.
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| THP070 | Study of BSNS RFQ Design | coupling, simulation, dipole, quadrupole | 746 | ||
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A new 324MHz RFQ used for the project of Beijing Spallation Neutron Source (BSNS) is being designed. The designed injection and output energy are 50keV, 3.0MeV, respectively. The designed pulsed current is 40mA though the required current of BSNS at its first stage is only 20mA. The pulsed width is 420 s with a 50% chopping ratio and repetition rate is 25Hz. The transverse structure of BSNS RFQ will be basically the same as the former RFQ used for ADS, but the length of 3.62m is shorter comparing to the length of 4.75m of the former. The beam dynamics design and the RF structure design of the RFQ will be presented in this paper.
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| THP072 | Fabrication and Low-Power Measurements of the J-PARC 50-mA RFQ Prototype | laser, linac, vacuum, pick-up | 749 | ||
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In the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) project, the beam commissioning of the H- linac will be started with a 30mA peak current. A 30mA type RFQ, which is developed for the former Japan Hadorn Facility (JHF) project, is used for the day-1 operation. However, it is required to accomplish the peak current of 50mA as soon as possible. For this purpose, we have developed an RFQ for the 50mA peak current, which is a four vane type RFQ and resonant frequency of which is 324MHz, same as the 30mA RFQ. In the R&D of this RFQ, we have adopted laser welding to join oxygen free copper blocks to be a cavity structure. The heat load of the laser welding can be more localized than that of the brazing, and the copper is not annealed, therefore, we think, it is possible to obtain more mechanical accuracy. We have developed a longitudinally 1/3 prototype cavity of the J-PARC 50mA RFQ. In this cavity, the distortion of the vane tips is measured to be less than 30 micro-meters, and the field uniformity of within 1% is obtained in a low power measurement after tuning. In this paper, we discuss about the fabrication and the low power measurement of this prototype cavity.
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| THP079 | High-Power Test of a 57-MHz CW RFQ | vacuum, acceleration, pick-up, linac | 767 | ||
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High power heavy-ion drivers require a CW low-frequency RFQ for initial acceleration. The technique of high-temperature furnace brazed OFE copper cavities has proven to be very reliable for the production of high-quality CW accelerating structures. By appropriate choice of the resonant structure for the RIA driver RFQ we have achieved moderate transverse dimensions of the cavity and high quality accelerating-focusing fields required for simultaneous acceleration of multiple charge state ion beams. In our application the RFQ must provide stable operation over a wide range of RF power levels. To demonstrate the technology and high-power operation we have built an engineering prototype of one-segment of the 57-MHz RFQ structure [1]. The RFQ is designed as a 100% OFE copper structure and fabricated with a two-step furnace brazing process. The brazing process was successful and the cavity was shown to be vacuum tight. The errors in the tip-to-tip distances of the vanes average less than 50 microns. The RF measurements show excellent electrical properties of the resonator with a measured unloaded Q equal to 95% of the simulated value. Currently high-power tests are being performed.
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*J. W. Rathke et al., Preliminary Engineering Design of A 57.5 MHz CW RFQ for the RIA Driver LINAC. Proc. of the LINAC-2002, p. 467. |
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| THP089 | Testbench of the HICAT RFQ at GSI | ion, linac, proton, RF-structure | 791 | ||
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In April 2006 the commissioning of the ion linac for the HICAT therapy facility in Heidelberg, Germany was started. In preparation of this commissioning process beam tests of the RFQ cavity with protons were carried out at GSI. The RFQ cavity for the HICAT facility was delivered to GSI in March 2005. The operation with an rf power up to 200 kW and a pulse width of 500 μsec could be accomplished successfully after a short time of rf-conditioning to assure the operation mode with carbon ions. A testbench for the RFQ cavity was constructed at GSI to allow for exact measurements of the output energy with the time of flight (ToF) method in addition to the beam tests at IAP Frankfurt. Due to the fact that the rebuncher is fully integrated into the RFQ rf-structure beam studies with different mechanical settings of the rebuncher had to be conducted. For each setting the effective voltage of the rebuncher could be estimated. The final mechanical setting was chosen with respect to required longitudinal matching to the IH structure behind of the RFQ.
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| FR2003 | New Materials and Designs for High-Power, Fast-Phase Shifters | klystron, linac, resonance, impedance | 829 | ||
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In the 100 MeV H- Linac to be constructed at Fermilab, the use of fast ferrite high power phase shifters will allow all accelerating RF cavities to be driven by a single 2.5 MW, 325 MHz klystron. This results in substantial cost savings. The tuners are coaxial with aluminum doped Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) ferrite. In combination with a branch line couplers, they will provide independent phase and amplitude control for each cavity. This is achieved by adjusting the solenoidal magnetic field applied to the ferrite. We report on our results in both low power (timing) and high power tests, for both 3'' and 1-5/8'' OD phase shifters. The low power measurements demonstrate that the rate of phase shift is well within the spec of 1 degree/us. The high power tests were performed at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Lab. We measured phase shifts and the failure point (applied power) for tuners in various configurations. In addition, we performed phase and amplitude measurements for a setup consisting of a 1-5/8'' OD phase shifter along with a prototype branch line coupler.
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