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| MO1003 | Commissioning of the J-PARC Linac | linac, rfq, klystron, focusing | 6 | ||
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rt in December, 2006. All the components have been installed in the linac tunnel and the klystron gallery, respectively. The preparation for the beam commissioning is under way as scheduled, except for the air-pressure control system, which delayed the powering of the cavities by one month. If no more serious trouble, the beam commissioning will start on schedule. The J-PARC linac comprises the 3-MeV, 324-MHz RFQ linac, the 50-MeV DTL, and the 181-MeV SDTL and the 400-MeV, 972-MHz ACS. It is unique by making use of many newly developed or invented accelerator technologies.
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| MO3001 | Intense Heavy-Ion Beam Production with ECR Sources | plasma, ion, electron, coupling | 18 | ||
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An average increase of about one order of magnitude per decade in the performance of ECR ion sources was obtained up to now since the time of pioneering experiment of R. Geller at CEA Grenoble and this trend is not deemed to get the saturation at least in the next decade, according to the increased availability of powerful magnets and microwave generators. Electron density above 1013 cm-3 can be obtained by 28 GHz microwave heating, but only an adequate plasma trap may allow to exploit that plasma for heavy elements ionization. A study about the optimization of the magnetic field and of the other different parameters affecting the ECRIS plasma is presented, with a special emphasis on the coupling of microwaves to plasma. Long-term perspectives are presented finally, with an analysis of the possibilities opened by higher frequency generators, as 60 GHz gyro-TWTs, with the use of moderate confinement trap, by combining the large plasma density with larger escape rates in order to get larger ion beam currents.
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| MOP038 | 200-MHz, 1.5-MeV Deuteron RFQ Linac | rfq, linac, ion, controls | 124 | ||
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A 200-MHz, 1.5-MeV deuteron RFQ linac system is under construction at Linac Systems. The linac structure employs the four-bar, radial-strut design, where the four bars are supported by a series of radial struts emanating from the wall of a cylindrical cavity with four-pole symmetry. This structure looks and performs very much like the four-vane RFQ structure. This design is about twice the efficiency of the conventional four-bar RFQ design. Another important advantage of this design is that the dipole mode is higher in frequency than the quadrupole mode, thus eliminating any problems with the mixing of the dipole mode with the quadrupole mode. Injection of deuterons into the linac will be at 50 keV from a microwave ECR ion source. The linac structure is 2.72 meters long. The peak beam current out of the linac will be 20 mA. A pulse duty factor of 5% will yield an average beam current of 1 mA. The rf power requirement is 58 kW to excite the structure, plus 30 kW to accelerate the beam, for a total of 88 kW. This linac system is scheduled for completion in the spring of 2007.
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| MOP043 | Upgrade of 1-MeV Heavy Ion ISR RFQ Accelerator | ion, rfq, simulation, acceleration | 139 | ||
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The upgrade of 1 MeV ISR RFQ accelerator has been launched for exploring the possibilities of a few mA heavy ion beam acceleration and its applications on the material science, biological irradiation and RFQ-AMS carbon chronology. A new ECR ion source with extracting voltage of 22kV, and the LEBT matching section have been redesigned and tested to increase the injection beam current and to realize the beam matching. The experimental tests for the different operating parameters have been compared to the simulations by self developed code RFQDYN. The preliminary results will be presented in this paper.
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| MOP044 | The High-Intensity Superconducting Linac for the SPIRAL 2 Project at GANIL | ion, rfq, linac, heavy-ion | 142 | ||
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After a detailed design study phase (2003-2004), the Spiral 2 project at GANIL was officially approved in May 2005. The project group for the construction was launched in July 2005, with the participation of French laboratories (CEA, CNRS) and international partners. The Spiral 2 Driver Accelerator is composed of an injector (protons, deuterons and heavy ions with q/A=1/3), a room temperature RFQ, and a superconducting linac with two beta families of Quarter Wave Resonators. It will deliver high intensity beams for Radioactive Ions production by the ISOL method and stable heavy ions for nuclear and interdisciplinary physics. High intensity neutrons beams will also be delivered for irradiation and time of flight experiments. In this paper we focus on the High Intensity Driver Accelerator design and the results obtained with the first prototypes of several major components.
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| MOP046 | Commissioning of the 7-MeV/u, 217-MHz Injector Linac for the Heavy Ion Cancer Therapy Facility at the University Clinics in Heidelberg | ion, rfq, linac, emittance | 148 | ||
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A clinical synchrotron facility designed by GSI for cancer therapy using energetic proton and ion beams (C, He and O) is under construction at the university clinics in Heidelberg, Germany. In this contribution the current status of the injector linac is reported. The installation and commissioning of the linac is performed gradually in three steps for the ion sources and the LEBT, the 400 keV/u RFQ and the 7 MeV/u IH-type drift tube linac. Two powerful 14.5 GHz permanent magnet ECR ion sources from PANTECHNIK as well as the LEBT and the linac RF system have been installed in Heidelberg between November 2005 and March 2006. A test bench with versatile beam diagnostics elements has been designed and installed for the commissioning phase. In April 2006 the two ion sources produced the first ion beams on the site. Extensive RFQ tests using proton beams have been performed at test benches at the IAP and at GSI already during 2004-2006. The 1.4 MW 217 MHz amplifier for the IH tank has also been commissioned at a test setup at GSI in advance to the installation in Heidelberg. The RF tuning of the 20 MV IH-DTL cavity is performed by the IAP in close cooperation with GSI.
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| MOP054 | Status of the SARAF Project | rfq, ion, emittance, diagnostics | 168 | ||
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Soreq NRC recently initiated the establishment of SARAF – Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility. SARAF will be a multi-user facility for basic, medical and biological research, non-destructive testing (NDT) and research, development and production of radio-isotopes for pharmaceutical purposes. An on going major activity is research and development of high heat flux (up to 80 kW on a few cm2) irradiation targets. SARAF is based on a continuous wave (CW), proton/deuteron RF superconducting linear accelerator with variable energy (5–40 MeV) and current (0.04-2 mA). SARAF is designed to enable hands-on maintenance, which implies beam loss below 10-5 for the entire accelerator. The commissioning of the Phase I of SARAF (full current, energy up to 4-5 MeV) is taking place during 2006 at Soreq. This paper describes the SARAF project and presents commissioning of the normal conducting injector (i.e., ECR ion source and RFQ). Test results of the β=0.09 half wave superconducting resonators are presented, and resonator geometry improvements with respect to electron multipacting behavior is discussed. An outlook on the project regarding reaching the final energy of 40 MeV is given.
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| MOP059 | Long-Term Perspective for the UNILAC as a High-Current, Heavy-Ion Injector for the FAIR-Accelerator Complex | ion, heavy-ion, linac, synchrotron | 180 | ||
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The present GSI-accelerator complex, consisting of the linear accelerator UNILAC and the heavy ion synchrotron SIS 18, is foreseen to serve as an U28+-injector for up to 10+12 particles/s for FAIR. In 2003 and 2004 different hardware measures and careful fine tuning in all sections of the UNILAC resulted in an increase of the beam intensity to 9.5·10+10 U27+ ions per 100 mks (max. pulse beam power of 0.5 MW). In addition a dedicated upgrade program for the UNILAC will be performed until 2009. It is intended to fill the SIS 18 up to the space charge limit of 2.7·10+11 U28+ ions per cycle. After completion of the FAIR complex in 2015 the running time for the accelerator facility at least will be 20 years, while the UNILAC will then be in operation for more than 60 years as a high duty factor heavy ion linac. Different proposals for a new advanced short pulse, heavy ion, high intensity, high energy linac, substituting the UNILAC as a synchrotron injector, will be discussed. This new "High Energy-UNILAC" has to meet the advanced FAIR requirements, will allow for complete multi-ion-operation and should provide for reliable beam operation in the future.
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| MOP060 | A New LEBT and RFQ Radial Matcher for the UNILAC Front End | rfq, ion, emittance, heavy-ion | 183 | ||
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The UNILAC heavy ion accelerator will serve as a high current injector for the future FAIR accelerator complex of GSI. This requires to inject 2.7x1011 ions/0.1x10-6s of U28+ into the existing synchrotron (SIS). Additionally, the UNILAC serves in multi beam operation experiments with high duty factor beams of different species. To meet all future demands a dedicated upgrade programme of the UNILAC is in work. This paper focuses on front end improvements. A new beam transport system will provide achromatic deflection and high mass resolution for the heavy ion beams from both existing ion source terminals. A new terminal for high current ion sources with a straight line solenoid based beam channel will be added. E.g. U3+ and U4+ ions with and a total beam current of 55mA will be injected into the RFQ for a maximum intensity yield of U4+-beam at the exit. To optimize the total front end beam transmission a redesigned radial input matcher of the RFQ is already implemented. It enables a smoother RFQ input matching of the high current beam resulting in smaller beam diameter and in lower particle losses. Beam measurements comparing old and new input radial matchers are presented.
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| TU2003 | China Spallation Neutron Source Linac Design | linac, rfq, power-supply, ion | 222 | ||
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Beijing Spallation Neutron Source has been approved in principle by the Chinese government. BSNS can provide a beam power of 100kW on the target in the first phase, and then 200kW in the second phase. The accelerator complex of BSNS consists of an H- linac of 81MeV and a rapid cycling synchrotron of 1.6GeV at 25Hz repetition rate. In the second phase, the linac energy will be upgraded to 134MeV and the average current will be doubled. The linac has been designed, and some R&D studies have been lunched under the support from Chinese Academy of Sciences. The linac comprises a H- ion source, an RFQ and a conventional DTL with EMQs. This paper will present our major design results and some progresses in the R&D of the linac.
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| TU3001 | High-Current Proton Beam Investigations at the SILHI-LEBT at CEA/Saclay | emittance, ion, proton, space-charge | 232 | ||
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For the injection of a high current proton beam into the future proton LINAC at GSI for FAIR the ion source and the low energy beam transport system have to deliver a 100 mA proton beam with an energy of 95 keV within an acceptance of 0.3 mm mrad (normalized, rms) at the entrance of the RFQ. Besides the ion source a 2-solenoid focusing system is foreseen as an injection scheme for the subsequent RFQ. The beam parameters of the SILHI ion source and the 2-solenoid LEBT setup generally meet these requirements. Therefore joint emittance measurements on various beam parameters have been performed at the end of the LEBT system. In the frame work of the design study for the future proton LINAC it was a unique possibility to investigate the injection of a high current proton beam into a low energy beam transport system under the influence of space charge. The measurements reveal that a proton current of 100 mA can be achieved at the end of the LEBT while the emittance (95 %, rms, normalized) is as high as 0.3 to 0.5 mm mrad.
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| TUP005 | Design of an RFQ-Based Neutron Source for Cargo Container Interrogation | rfq, target, ion, quadrupole | 253 | ||
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An RFQ-based neutron generator system is described that generates pulsed neutrons for the active screening of sea-land cargo containers for the detection of shielded special nuclear materials (SNM). A microwave-driven deuteron source is coupled to an electrostatic LEBT that injects a 40 mA D+-beam into a 6 MeV, 5.1 meter-long 200 MHz RFQ. The RFQ has a unique beam dynamics design and is capable of operating at duty factors of 5 to10% accelerating a D+ time-averaged current of up to 1.5 mA at 5% duty factor, including species and transmission loss. The beam is transported through a specially-designed thin-window into a 2-atmosphere deuterium gas target. A high-frequency dipole magnet is used to scan the beam over the long dimension of the 5 by 40 cm target window. The source will be capable of delivering a neutron flux of 2·107 n/(cm2·s) to the center of a cargo container. Details of the ion source, LEBT, RFQ beam dynamics and gas target design are presented.
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| TUP037 | Possible Upgrade Paths for the LANSCE H- Injector | rfq, ion, linac, target | 330 | ||
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The LANSCE linac presently provides both H- and H+ beams to several user facilities. The H- injector uses a cesiated, multi-cusp field, surface converter source operating at duty factors between 10 and 12%, coupled to a Cockcroft-Walton (CW) accelerator to provide peak beam currents of ~15 mA for the LANSCE linac. In an effort to raise the peak beam current available to the majority of the H- users, we are pursuing two options. The first is a low duty factor H- ion source and a 750 keV RFQ that would provide ~25 mA of peak current for use by the Lujan and pRad programs. The second is a low frequency buncher for the existing 80 keV beam transport located inside the CW dome that could provide about a factor of two increase in the peak beam current for the WNR program. This paper will present these two options.
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| TUP053 | Initial Tests of an Elemental Cs-System for the SNS Ion Source | ion, SNS, plasma, injection | 364 | ||
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The ion source employed in the Spallation Neutron Source* (SNS) is an RF-driven, Cs-enhanced, multi-cusp H- source. To date, the source has been successfully utilized in the commissioning of the SNS accelerator producing 10–40 mA. Presently, Cs is dispensed within the source using Cs2CrO4 cartridges located in an air heated/cooled cylindrical collar surrounding the outlet aperture. The temperature of the collar is elevated to release Cs into the source. Typically, this process can only be repeated 2-3 times before the Cs is depleted and the source needs to be replaced. In addition, the dispensers are subject to poisoning by the residual gases in the source leading to beam decay. This is especially problematic at high duty-factor. This report describes the design of an elemental Cs system incorporating an external reservoir based on the proven Fermilab system. Source performance is characterized and compared for both the original and the elemental Cs systems.
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| TUP054 | A Proposed Helicon Driver for the SNS Ion Source | plasma, SNS, ion, extraction | 367 | ||
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The H- ion source employed in the Spallation Neutron Source* (SNS) is an RF-driven, multi-cusp source, which utilizes a helical antenna to inductively couple power into the source plasma. To date, the source has been successfully utilized in the commissioning of the SNS accelerator producing 10–40 mA of H- with duty-factors of ~0.1%. Ultimately, the SNS facility will require beam duty-factors of 6% and ~60 mA of H- injecting the linac. This may require currents of up to ~100 mA from the source depending on the ion source emittance. To date, the SNS source has only delivered sustained currents of ~33 mA at full duty factor. Therefore, we are developing plasma generators capable of achieving much higher plasma densities. Plasmas generated through helicon-wave coupling can develop densities up to 100 times greater than those produced by conventional inductive coupling. This report presents an initial design and discusses considerations for a source which combines the forward portion of the SNS source with a helicon system. The helicon system consists largely of components retrofitted from the proven hydrogen VASIMR system employed in space propulsion.
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| TUP055 | A Plasma Gun Driver for the SNS Ion Source | plasma, ion, gun, SNS | 370 | ||
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The ion source developed for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an RF-driven, multi-cusp source designed to produce ~ 40 mA of H- with a normalized rms emittance of less than 0.2 π mm mrad. To date, the source has been successfully utilized in the commissioning of the SNS accelerator producing 10–40 mA of H- with duty-factors of ~0.1%. Recently, we found the H- yield from the source could be increased dramatically with the introduction of streaming plasma particles injected into the primary RF plasma from a hemispherical glow discharge chamber located in the rear of the source. In some cases, a 50% increase in the H- beam current was observed. The system also eliminated the need for other plasma ignition systems like a secondary low-power RF generator. This report details the design of the plasma gun as well as the parametric dependence of H- current on source operating conditions. Comparisons are made with and without the gun energized. Finally, an off-line test stand was employed to characterize the plasma current emitted directly from the gun as well as perform lifetime characterization.
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SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U. S. Department of Energy. |
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| TUP056 | The Development of a High-Power, H- Ion Source for the SNS-Based on an External Antenna | plasma, SNS, ion, gun | 373 | ||
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The ion source developed for the Spallation Neutron Source* (SNS) is a radio frequency, multi-cusp H- source, which utilizes an internal antenna immersed within the source plasma. To date, the source has been utilized successfully in commissioning of the SNS accelerator delivering 10 - 40 mA with duty-factors of ~0.1% for periods of several weeks. Ultimately, the SNS facility will require beam currents of ~60 mA at 6% duty-factor. Tests have shown that the internal antenna is susceptible to failure at this duty-factor. Currently, two ion sources are being developed which feature ceramic plasma chambers surrounded by an external antenna. The first is a low-power, test version which employs a high-inductance external antenna and produces considerably higher H- beam currents than the original SNS source when both are operated without Cs. The second is a high-power version which features a Faraday shield with an integrated magnetic confinement structure and is designed to operate at full duty factor. The performance of this source should also greatly exceed that of the present SNS source. Details of the design and the measured performance of each source are discussed.
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| TUP066 | Particle Dynamics Calculations and Emittance Measurements at the FETS | simulation, rfq, emittance, ion | 403 | ||
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High power proton accelerators in the MW range have many applications including drivers for spallation neutron sources, neutrino factories, transmuters (for transmuting long-lived nuclear waste products) and energy amplifiers. In order to contribute to the development of HPPAs, to prepare the way for an ISIS upgrade and to contribute to the UK design effort on neutrino factories, a front end test stand (FETS) is being constructed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK. The aim of the front end test stand is to demonstrate the production of a 60 mA, 2 ms, 50 pps chopped beam at 3 MeV with sufficient beam quality. An overview on the status of the project together with the results of numerical simulations of the particle dynamics from the ion source to the RFQ exit will be presented. The particle distributions gained from the particle dynamics simulations will be compared with recent measurements of the transversal beam emittance behind the ion source and the results discussed.
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| THP042 | Development of High-Current 201.5-MHz Deuteron RFQ Accelerator | rfq, simulation, linac, ion | 673 | ||
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The beam dynamics for a 201.5MHz 50mA 2.0MeV Deuteron RFQ accelerator with duty cycle of 10% has been further improved by using equipartitioning method. The RFQ structure, mechanical design, thermal analysis and its cooling method have been investigated. The tuning of RF cavity for the field and other parameters has been simulated. A new developed ECR ion source and its setup have been completed and tested. The LEBT for the injection of RFQ is under the construction, and the HEBT at RFQ exit for the further applications has been designed and to be constructed in the near future. All the development results will be presented in this paper.
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| FR2001 | Targets and Ion Sources Development at ISAC-TRIUMF | target, ion, laser, proton | 823 | ||
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The ISAC facility is operational since 1998, we utilize the proton beam from the TRIUMF H- cyclotron to produce the radioactive ion beams (RIB) via the isotopic separation on line (ISOL) method. The ISAC facility is designed to accommodate 100 μA proton beam at 500 MeV. Since beginning operation irradiation currents have progressively increased from initial values of ~ 1 μA to present levels of up to 75 μA on refractory metal foil targets and recently equally on composite carbide targets. Beyond the 50 μA limit the target has to be cooled. A new target equipped with fins has been developed that can sustain proton beam up to 100 μA. The RIB intensities depend not only on the target but also on the ability to produce ion beam. The ion sources design for on-line applications are extremely important because of the close contact with the target. They must sustain high radiation field and operate in a large gas pressure range. In order to produce a larger range of beam we are looking at other types, ECR, FEBIAD, negative and the laser ion sources. Report on the recent progress accomplished during the past years will be made.
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