IPAC2016 - Classification: 06 Beam Instrumentation, Controls, Feedback and Operational Aspects / T23 Machine Protection

Paper	Title	Page
THPMW008	Study of Digital Quench Detection System Based on System-on-Chip Technology	3549
SUPSS081	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	J.X. Zhang, X.J. Bian, F.S. Chen, J. Cheng, F. Long IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Quench detection system is a key component of the quench protection system for superconducting magnets. According to operating experience of the quench protec-tion system for BEPCII interaction region superconduct-ing magnets and study in depth on the development process of System-on-Chip, we are establishing a set of digital quench detection system with high integration density and favourable portability by integrating IP cores, custom modules and developing embedded soft-ware on one piece of FPGA chip (Cyclone V SX SoC). The main components of this system are: 1.Hard proces-sor system based-on ARM Cortex-A9 architecture inte-grated with embedded operating system (Linux).2.Floating point DSP based-on soft IP core.3.Function Module Portion designed for different functions such as communicating with front end ADC, timing control, etc. This paper introduces the research progress of the system. *D.F.Orris, S.Feher, M.J.Lamm, J.Nogiec, S.Sharonov, M.Tartaglia, J.Tompkins, et al.," A digital quench detection system for superconducting magnets", Proceedings of PAC'99, New York, 1999.
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THPOR014	MDI Design in CEPC Partial Double Ring	3802
	S. Bai, J. Gao, Y. Wang, Q.L. Xiu, W.C. Yao, Y. Yue IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	With the discovery of the higgs boson at around 125GeV, a circular higgs factory design with high luminosity (L ~ 10³⁴ cm^-2 s^-1) is becoming more popular in the accelerator world. The CEPC project in China is one of them. Machine Detector Interface (MDI) is the key research area in electron-positron colliders, especially in CEPC, it is one of the criteria to measure the accelerator and detector design performance. Detector background, collimator and solenoid compensation are the most critical physics problem. Beamstrahlung is the problem which is never gotten into before in the existed electron positron collider of world history. Every kinds of background are bad for detector, and solenoid can make damage to accelerator beam. We will use a Monte Carlo simulation method to calculate and analysis the CEPC detector background and the harm it makes to detector. Anti-solenoid are designed to compensate the strong detector solenoid field of several tesla.
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THPOY016	Fast Machine Interlock Platform for Reliable Machine Protection Systems	4119
	R. Tavčar, J. Dedič, E. Erjavec, R. Modic Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia M. Liu, C.X. Yin SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	This article presents a machine interlock system (MIS), designed and developed in collaboration between SINAP and Cosylab. The design is based on the experience and requirements of different accelerator facilities around the world, with the goal of providing, out of the box, the flexibility, reliability, availability, determinism, response speed, etc., which facilities need for a Machine Protection System (MPS). The goal of the MIS platform is to provide a reliable tool, which covers all the common MIS behaviour, required by an MPS designer. The system is based on a proven hardware platform, uses radiation-tolerant FPGAs, has built-in redundancies for power supply, hardware components and logic and is configurable from EPICS. We present several design principles that were used and explain the features and principles of application. Furthermore, we present the system architecture, from hardware and firmware to software. The MIS system is currently being installed at the BNCT facility at the Ibaraki Neutron Medical Research Center in Japan and is planned in the treatment interlock system of APTRON, the Advanced Proton Therapy Facility in Shanghai, China.
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THPOY023	Upgrade of NSLS-II Active Interlock System	4140
	S. Seletskiy, J. Choi, K. Ha, R.M. Smith BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The NSLS-II Storage Ring is protected from possible damage from synchrotron radiation by a dedicated active interlock system (AIS). The AIS monitors electron beam position and angle and triggers beam drop if beam orbit exceeds the boundaries of pre-calculated active interlock envelope. The one year worth of the AIS operation showed that there is a number of erroneous machine trips associated with the AIS. In this paper we describe an upgrade of the AIS that allowed us to get rid of the Storage Ring faults and improved the overall NSLS-II reliability.
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THPOY032	The Dual Use of Beam Loss Monitors at FAIR-SIS100: General Diagnostics and Quench Prevention of Superconducting Magnets	4167
	S. Damjanovic, P. Kowina, C. Omet, M. Sapinski, M. Schwickert, P.J. Spiller GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	In view of the planned coverage of the FAIR-SIS100 synchrotron with beam loss monitors (BLMs), FLUKA studies were performed aiming at two goals: i) evaluation of the sensitivity of the LHC-IC type detectors to the potential beam losses at SIS100; ii) estimation of the BLM quench prevention threshold via the correlation between the energy deposition inside the superconducting coils and the BLM active volume. A full spectrum of ion species and energies to be accelerated with SIS100 were considered in the simulations, showing a great sensitivity to the beam losses. An interesting finding of this study was that, for the same beam loss location, the quench prevention thresholds were almost identical for all ion species/energies including protons.
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THPOY033	SIS100 Availability and Machine Protection	4171
	C. Omet, H. Kisker, M.S. Mandakovic, D. Ondreka, P.J. Spiller, R.J. Steinhagen GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	For the future FAIR driver accelerator, SIS100, a detailed System-FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) according to IEC 61508 has been done. One the one hand, this has been done to identify possible shortcomings for machine protection and on the other hand to predict the machine's availabilty for beam on target. The methodology for the analysis and the main failure modes currently known for the machine and its environment are described in detail. An estimate of the total machine's availability is given.
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THPOY034	Simulations of the Beam Loss Distribution at J-PARC Main Ring	4175
	B. Yee-Rendón, H. Kuboki, Y. Sato, K. Satou, M.J. Shirakata, T. Toyama KEK, Ibaraki, Japan H. Harada JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
	The Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) is integrated by a set of high intensity proton accelerators. At this operation level, the monitoring and control of the beam losses and residual radiation are priority for its safe performance and maintenance. At Main Ring (MR), a discrepancy appears between the beam loss signal detected by the monitors and the residual dose measured. To understand this difference and the mechanism that produces these losses, a beam simulation study is implemented using the Strategic Accelerator Design (SAD) and Geometry and Tracking (Geant4) code. The first stage of the survey uses SAD to obtain the location of the losses around the lattice per turn. Then, Geant4 produces the secondary showers in the elements. Finally, we make the extrapolation with the residual radiation and compare with the measurements. The description and results of this work are presented in this paper.
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THPOY035	Machine Protection and Safe Operation of LIPAc Linear Accelerator	4178
	A. Marqueta, J. Knaster, K. Nishiyama IFMIF/EVEDA, Rokkasho, Japan P.-Y. Beauvais, H. Dzitko F4E, Germany P. Cara Fusion for Energy, Garching, Germany H. Kobayashi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan I. Podadera CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
	A Li(d, xn) fusion relevant neutron source with a broad peak at 14 MeV is indispensable to characterize and qualify suitable structural materials for the plasma facing components in future fusion reactors. LIPAc (Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator), presently under its installation and commissioning phase in Rokkasho, will validate the concept of a 40 MeV deuteron accelerator with its 125 mA CW and 9 MeV deuteron beam for a total beam average power of 1.125 MW. The Machine Protection System (MPS) of LIPAc provides the essential interlock function of stopping the beam in case of excessive beam loss or other hazardous situations. However, approaching LIPAc beam commissioning Phase B (including RFQ powered by total 1.6 MW RF power) a risk analysis has been performed on all major technical systems to identify the sources of risk, apply the necessary countermeasures and enhance accelerator availability, avoiding unnecessary beam stop triggers and allowing a fast beam recovery whenever possible. The overall strategy for the machine protection at LIPAc is presented in this paper.
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THPOY036	A New Fast RF Trip Diagnostic System in SSRF	4182
	S.J. Zhao, Q. Chang, H.T. Hou, Z. Li, K. Xu, W.Z. Zhang, Zh.G. Zhang, Y.B. Zhao, X. Zheng SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	A RF trip diagnostic system is essential to find out the trip source when a trip happened. In this paper, a fast RF trip diagnostic system, in storage ring RF system of SSRF, is reported. This system includes a synchronous acquisition recorder to sampling the trip data and a trip server to analysis the data. The recorder has more than 100 channels and maximum sampling rate of each channel is up to 60 MSPS. High precision I/Q cards are designed to detect RF signals. Trip server has been developed to process the trip data.
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THPOY039	Development of an Analysis Framework for the Beam Instrumentation Interface to the Beam Interlock System at ESS	4185
SUPSS080	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	R. Andersson, E. Bargalló, A. Nordt ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source (ESS) is currently being built in Lund, Sweden. When it is fully operational in 2025, it will host the most powerful neutron spallation facility in the world. The high-power proton beam needs to be carefully controlled and monitored in order to avoid possible damage to the sensitive equipment. Some of the most critical inputs to the beam interlock system are the beam monitors, delivered by the beam instrumentation group at ESS. In case local protection systems along the accelerator do not foresee a loss of beam, the beam monitors are the last line of defence to stop the proton beam and avoid equipment damage and consecutive downtime. It is essential for the protection of the machine that the whole beam permit signal chain, from monitors to actuators, fulfills strict reliability requirements. This paper describes the role and importance of the beam monitors to correctly measure beam losses and interface with the beam interlock system. It also describes one of several reliability studies that are performed to develop appropriate interfaces in the beam permit signal chain.
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THPOY041	CERN Beam Interlock Redundant Dump Trigger Module Performance during LHC Run 2	4189
	D.O. Calcoen, S. Gabourin, A.P. Siemko CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	During the Long Shutdown 1 an additional link between the Beam Interlocks System and the LHC Beam Dumping System was installed. This third channel is a direct access from the BIS to the asynchronous dump triggering lines. This paper describes the experience collected for the first 10 months of operation and the improvements proposed for a future upgrade of the module. IPAC 2014 THPRI021
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THPOY042	Evolution and Perspectives of Second Generation Magnet Interlock Systems at CERN	4192
	I. Romera, Y. Bastian, G. Csendes, P. Dahlen, R. Mompo, C. Von Siebenthal, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The CERN accelerator complex relies on thousands of superconducting and normal conducting magnets to guide the particle beams on their trajectories throughout the accelerator chain. In order to protect magnet and powering equipment from damage, complex magnet interlock systems are deployed and operated in the LHC and its injectors. Despite a very good track record during the first 10 years of operation, important consolidation activities are ongoing and planned to further increase the dependability of the injector chain and enhance the sys-tem functionality where required. This paper reviews the performance of the various magnet interlock systems at CERN during the past years of operation and presents the ongoing renovation projects carried out in the LHC in-jector complex to achieve the high level of dependability and maintainability required for long term operation. Finally, some design aspects of the existing LHC magnet interlocks will be discussed and possibilities to further enhance the dependability and functionality of the mag-net powering system will be presented in view of the High Luminosity LHC.
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THPOY043	Time Scale of Crab Cavity Failures Relevant for High Luminosity LHC	4196
	K.N. Sjobak, R. Bruce, H. Burkhardt, A. Macpherson, A. Santamaría García CERN, Geneva, Switzerland R. Kwee-Hinzmann Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom A. Santamaría García EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	Funding: Research supported by the High Luminosity LHC project A good knowledge of the effects of the crab cavities, required for the baseline High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), is needed before the results of the first tests of crab cavity prototypes in the SPS, planned for 2018, will be available. In case of crab cavity failures, we have to make sure that time scales are long enough so that the beams can be cleanly dumped before damage by beam loss occurs. We discuss our present knowledge and modeling of crab cavity induced beam losses, combined with mechanical deformation. We discuss lower limits on the time scales required for safe operation, and possible failure mitigation methods.
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THPOY044	Experimental Setup to Measure the Damage Limits of Superconducting Magnets due to Beam Impact at CERN's HiRadMat Facility	4200
	D. Kleiven Kleiven, David, Geneva, Switzerland B. Auchmann, V. Raginel, R. Schmidt, A.P. Verweij, D. Wollmann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Research supported by the High Luminosity LHC project The future upgrade of CERN's injector chain for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will lead to an increase of the beam brightness in the LHC. Beam absorbers are capturing missteered beams, but some limited beam impact on superconducting magnets can hardly be avoided. Therefore, it is planned to measure the damage limits of superconducting magnet components due to beam impact at CERN's HiRad- Mat facility using the 440 GeV proton beam from the Super Proton Synchrotron. Two experiments are proposed. One at ambient and one at cryogenic temperatures, where several pre-stressed stacks of LHC main dipole Nb-Ti cables and some single strands will be irradiated with varying beam intensities. The electrical integrity and the degradation of critical current will be measured after the removal from the HiRadMat facility. In the cold experiment some sample magnets will be added and the degradation of performance will be monitored online. In this contribution the experimental setup of the first experiment, including the sample container and cable stacks, is presented.
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THPOY045	Commissioning of the Machine Protection Systems of the Large Hadron Collider Following its First Long Shutdown	4203
	D. Wollmann, R. Schmidt, J.A. Uythoven, J. Wenninger, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	During the first long shutdown of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) extending for more than 18 months, most Machine Protection Systems (MPS) have undergone significant changes, and upgrades. A full re-commissioning of the MPS was performed at the end of the shutdown and during the LHC beam commissioning in 2015. To verify the correct functioning of all protection-relevant systems with beam, a step-wise intensity ramp-up was performed, reaching at the end of 2015 a record stored beam energy of ~280 MJ per beam, nearly 80% of the value in the design report. This contribution summarizes the results of the MPS commissioning, the intensity ramp-up and the continuous follow-up during operation, focusing mainly on near misses and false triggers and their proposed mitigations. A strategy to minimize risks during machine development periods for future operation of the LHC, when the protection parameters are modified for several tests, is discussed. The machine protection strategy for the LHC run in 2016 is presented.
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THPOY046	Data Analysis and System Survey Framework for the LHC Beam Loss Monitoring System	4207
	C. Xu, B. Dehning, C. Zamantzas CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	A data analysis framework has been developed to perform systematic queries and automatic analysis of the large amount of data produced by the LHC beam loss monitoring system. The framework is used to provide continuous system supervision and can give advance warning of any potential system failures. It is also used to facilitate LHC beam loss analysis for determining the critical beam-abort threshold values. This paper describes the functionality of the framework and the results achieved from the analysis.
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THPOY047	Comprehensive Approach to Synchrotron Radiation Protection of NSLS-II	4211
	S. Seletskiy, T.V. Shaftan BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	To protect the NSLS-II Storage Ring components from possible damage from synchrotron radiation produced by insertion devices (IDs) and bending magnets (BMs) the Active Interlock System (AIS) keeps electron beam within the AI safe envelope (AIE) in the transverse phase space. The NSLS-II beamlines (BLs) and frontends (FEs) are designed under assumption that above certain safe beam current the ID synchrotron radiation (IDSR) fan is produced by the interlocked e-beam. In this paper we describe a new approach to defining the AIS parameters and settings, which significantly simplifies the process of the FE and BL design.
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THPOY048	NSLS-II Active Interlock System and Post-Mortem Architecture	4214
	K. Ha, E.B. Blum, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, Y. Hu, D. Padrazo, S. Seletskiy, O. Singh, R.M. Smith, J. Tagger, Y. Tian, G. Wang, T. Yang BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	The NSLS-II at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) started the user beam service in early 2015, and is currently operating 13 of the insertion device (ID) and beamlines as well as constructing new beamlines. The fast machine protection consists of an active interlock system (AIS), beam position monitor (BPM), cell controller (CCs) and front-end (FE) systems. The AIS measures the electron beam envelop and the dumps the beam by turning off RF system, and then the diagnostic system provides the post-mortem data for an analysis of which system caused the beam dump and the machine status analysis. NSLS-II post-mortem system involves AIS, CCs, BPMs, radio frequency system (RFs), power supply systems (PSs) as well as the timing system. This paper describes the AIS architecture and PM performance for NSLS-II safe operations.
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Paper

Title

Page

THPMW008

Study of Digital Quench Detection System Based on System-on-Chip Technology

3549

SUPSS081

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

J.X. Zhang, X.J. Bian, F.S. Chen, J. Cheng, F. Long
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Quench detection system is a key component of the quench protection system for superconducting magnets. According to operating experience of the quench protec-tion system for BEPCII interaction region superconduct-ing magnets and study in depth on the development process of System-on-Chip, we are establishing a set of digital quench detection system with high integration density and favourable portability by integrating IP cores, custom modules and developing embedded soft-ware on one piece of FPGA chip (Cyclone V SX SoC). The main components of this system are: 1.Hard proces-sor system based-on ARM Cortex-A9 architecture inte-grated with embedded operating system (Linux).2.Floating point DSP based-on soft IP core.3.Function Module Portion designed for different functions such as communicating with front end ADC, timing control, etc. This paper introduces the research progress of the system.
*D.F.Orris, S.Feher, M.J.Lamm, J.Nogiec, S.Sharonov, M.Tartaglia, J.Tompkins, et al.," A digital quench detection system for superconducting magnets", Proceedings of PAC'99, New York, 1999.

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THPOR014

MDI Design in CEPC Partial Double Ring

3802

S. Bai, J. Gao, Y. Wang, Q.L. Xiu, W.C. Yao, Y. Yue
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

With the discovery of the higgs boson at around 125GeV, a circular higgs factory design with high luminosity (L ~ 10³⁴ cm^-2 s^-1) is becoming more popular in the accelerator world. The CEPC project in China is one of them. Machine Detector Interface (MDI) is the key research area in electron-positron colliders, especially in CEPC, it is one of the criteria to measure the accelerator and detector design performance. Detector background, collimator and solenoid compensation are the most critical physics problem. Beamstrahlung is the problem which is never gotten into before in the existed electron positron collider of world history. Every kinds of background are bad for detector, and solenoid can make damage to accelerator beam. We will use a Monte Carlo simulation method to calculate and analysis the CEPC detector background and the harm it makes to detector. Anti-solenoid are designed to compensate the strong detector solenoid field of several tesla.

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THPOY016

Fast Machine Interlock Platform for Reliable Machine Protection Systems

4119

R. Tavčar, J. Dedič, E. Erjavec, R. Modic
Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia
M. Liu, C.X. Yin
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

This article presents a machine interlock system (MIS), designed and developed in collaboration between SINAP and Cosylab. The design is based on the experience and requirements of different accelerator facilities around the world, with the goal of providing, out of the box, the flexibility, reliability, availability, determinism, response speed, etc., which facilities need for a Machine Protection System (MPS). The goal of the MIS platform is to provide a reliable tool, which covers all the common MIS behaviour, required by an MPS designer. The system is based on a proven hardware platform, uses radiation-tolerant FPGAs, has built-in redundancies for power supply, hardware components and logic and is configurable from EPICS. We present several design principles that were used and explain the features and principles of application. Furthermore, we present the system architecture, from hardware and firmware to software. The MIS system is currently being installed at the BNCT facility at the Ibaraki Neutron Medical Research Center in Japan and is planned in the treatment interlock system of APTRON, the Advanced Proton Therapy Facility in Shanghai, China.

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THPOY023

Upgrade of NSLS-II Active Interlock System

4140

S. Seletskiy, J. Choi, K. Ha, R.M. Smith
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The NSLS-II Storage Ring is protected from possible damage from synchrotron radiation by a dedicated active interlock system (AIS). The AIS monitors electron beam position and angle and triggers beam drop if beam orbit exceeds the boundaries of pre-calculated active interlock envelope. The one year worth of the AIS operation showed that there is a number of erroneous machine trips associated with the AIS. In this paper we describe an upgrade of the AIS that allowed us to get rid of the Storage Ring faults and improved the overall NSLS-II reliability.

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THPOY032

The Dual Use of Beam Loss Monitors at FAIR-SIS100: General Diagnostics and Quench Prevention of Superconducting Magnets

4167

S. Damjanovic, P. Kowina, C. Omet, M. Sapinski, M. Schwickert, P.J. Spiller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

In view of the planned coverage of the FAIR-SIS100 synchrotron with beam loss monitors (BLMs), FLUKA studies were performed aiming at two goals: i) evaluation of the sensitivity of the LHC-IC type detectors to the potential beam losses at SIS100; ii) estimation of the BLM quench prevention threshold via the correlation between the energy deposition inside the superconducting coils and the BLM active volume. A full spectrum of ion species and energies to be accelerated with SIS100 were considered in the simulations, showing a great sensitivity to the beam losses. An interesting finding of this study was that, for the same beam loss location, the quench prevention thresholds were almost identical for all ion species/energies including protons.

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THPOY033

SIS100 Availability and Machine Protection

4171

C. Omet, H. Kisker, M.S. Mandakovic, D. Ondreka, P.J. Spiller, R.J. Steinhagen
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

For the future FAIR driver accelerator, SIS100, a detailed System-FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) according to IEC 61508 has been done. One the one hand, this has been done to identify possible shortcomings for machine protection and on the other hand to predict the machine's availabilty for beam on target. The methodology for the analysis and the main failure modes currently known for the machine and its environment are described in detail. An estimate of the total machine's availability is given.

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THPOY034

Simulations of the Beam Loss Distribution at J-PARC Main Ring

4175

B. Yee-Rendón, H. Kuboki, Y. Sato, K. Satou, M.J. Shirakata, T. Toyama
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
H. Harada
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

The Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) is integrated by a set of high intensity proton accelerators. At this operation level, the monitoring and control of the beam losses and residual radiation are priority for its safe performance and maintenance. At Main Ring (MR), a discrepancy appears between the beam loss signal detected by the monitors and the residual dose measured. To understand this difference and the mechanism that produces these losses, a beam simulation study is implemented using the Strategic Accelerator Design (SAD) and Geometry and Tracking (Geant4) code. The first stage of the survey uses SAD to obtain the location of the losses around the lattice per turn. Then, Geant4 produces the secondary showers in the elements. Finally, we make the extrapolation with the residual radiation and compare with the measurements. The description and results of this work are presented in this paper.

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THPOY035

Machine Protection and Safe Operation of LIPAc Linear Accelerator

4178

A. Marqueta, J. Knaster, K. Nishiyama
IFMIF/EVEDA, Rokkasho, Japan
P.-Y. Beauvais, H. Dzitko
F4E, Germany
P. Cara
Fusion for Energy, Garching, Germany
H. Kobayashi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
I. Podadera
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain

A Li(d, xn) fusion relevant neutron source with a broad peak at 14 MeV is indispensable to characterize and qualify suitable structural materials for the plasma facing components in future fusion reactors. LIPAc (Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator), presently under its installation and commissioning phase in Rokkasho, will validate the concept of a 40 MeV deuteron accelerator with its 125 mA CW and 9 MeV deuteron beam for a total beam average power of 1.125 MW. The Machine Protection System (MPS) of LIPAc provides the essential interlock function of stopping the beam in case of excessive beam loss or other hazardous situations. However, approaching LIPAc beam commissioning Phase B (including RFQ powered by total 1.6 MW RF power) a risk analysis has been performed on all major technical systems to identify the sources of risk, apply the necessary countermeasures and enhance accelerator availability, avoiding unnecessary beam stop triggers and allowing a fast beam recovery whenever possible. The overall strategy for the machine protection at LIPAc is presented in this paper.

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THPOY036

A New Fast RF Trip Diagnostic System in SSRF

4182

S.J. Zhao, Q. Chang, H.T. Hou, Z. Li, K. Xu, W.Z. Zhang, Zh.G. Zhang, Y.B. Zhao, X. Zheng
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

A RF trip diagnostic system is essential to find out the trip source when a trip happened. In this paper, a fast RF trip diagnostic system, in storage ring RF system of SSRF, is reported. This system includes a synchronous acquisition recorder to sampling the trip data and a trip server to analysis the data. The recorder has more than 100 channels and maximum sampling rate of each channel is up to 60 MSPS. High precision I/Q cards are designed to detect RF signals. Trip server has been developed to process the trip data.

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THPOY039

Development of an Analysis Framework for the Beam Instrumentation Interface to the Beam Interlock System at ESS

4185

SUPSS080

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

R. Andersson, E. Bargalló, A. Nordt
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS) is currently being built in Lund, Sweden. When it is fully operational in 2025, it will host the most powerful neutron spallation facility in the world. The high-power proton beam needs to be carefully controlled and monitored in order to avoid possible damage to the sensitive equipment. Some of the most critical inputs to the beam interlock system are the beam monitors, delivered by the beam instrumentation group at ESS. In case local protection systems along the accelerator do not foresee a loss of beam, the beam monitors are the last line of defence to stop the proton beam and avoid equipment damage and consecutive downtime. It is essential for the protection of the machine that the whole beam permit signal chain, from monitors to actuators, fulfills strict reliability requirements. This paper describes the role and importance of the beam monitors to correctly measure beam losses and interface with the beam interlock system. It also describes one of several reliability studies that are performed to develop appropriate interfaces in the beam permit signal chain.

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THPOY041

CERN Beam Interlock Redundant Dump Trigger Module Performance during LHC Run 2

4189

D.O. Calcoen, S. Gabourin, A.P. Siemko
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During the Long Shutdown 1 an additional link between the Beam Interlocks System and the LHC Beam Dumping System was installed. This third channel is a direct access from the BIS to the asynchronous dump triggering lines. This paper describes the experience collected for the first 10 months of operation and the improvements proposed for a future upgrade of the module.
IPAC 2014 THPRI021

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THPOY042

Evolution and Perspectives of Second Generation Magnet Interlock Systems at CERN

4192

I. Romera, Y. Bastian, G. Csendes, P. Dahlen, R. Mompo, C. Von Siebenthal, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The CERN accelerator complex relies on thousands of superconducting and normal conducting magnets to guide the particle beams on their trajectories throughout the accelerator chain. In order to protect magnet and powering equipment from damage, complex magnet interlock systems are deployed and operated in the LHC and its injectors. Despite a very good track record during the first 10 years of operation, important consolidation activities are ongoing and planned to further increase the dependability of the injector chain and enhance the sys-tem functionality where required. This paper reviews the performance of the various magnet interlock systems at CERN during the past years of operation and presents the ongoing renovation projects carried out in the LHC in-jector complex to achieve the high level of dependability and maintainability required for long term operation. Finally, some design aspects of the existing LHC magnet interlocks will be discussed and possibilities to further enhance the dependability and functionality of the mag-net powering system will be presented in view of the High Luminosity LHC.

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THPOY043

Time Scale of Crab Cavity Failures Relevant for High Luminosity LHC

4196

K.N. Sjobak, R. Bruce, H. Burkhardt, A. Macpherson, A. Santamaría García
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R. Kwee-Hinzmann
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
A. Santamaría García
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Funding: Research supported by the High Luminosity LHC project
A good knowledge of the effects of the crab cavities, required for the baseline High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), is needed before the results of the first tests of crab cavity prototypes in the SPS, planned for 2018, will be available. In case of crab cavity failures, we have to make sure that time scales are long enough so that the beams can be cleanly dumped before damage by beam loss occurs. We discuss our present knowledge and modeling of crab cavity induced beam losses, combined with mechanical deformation. We discuss lower limits on the time scales required for safe operation, and possible failure mitigation methods.

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THPOY044

Experimental Setup to Measure the Damage Limits of Superconducting Magnets due to Beam Impact at CERN's HiRadMat Facility

4200

D. Kleiven
Kleiven, David, Geneva, Switzerland
B. Auchmann, V. Raginel, R. Schmidt, A.P. Verweij, D. Wollmann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Research supported by the High Luminosity LHC project
The future upgrade of CERN's injector chain for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will lead to an increase of the beam brightness in the LHC. Beam absorbers are capturing missteered beams, but some limited beam impact on superconducting magnets can hardly be avoided. Therefore, it is planned to measure the damage limits of superconducting magnet components due to beam impact at CERN's HiRad- Mat facility using the 440 GeV proton beam from the Super Proton Synchrotron. Two experiments are proposed. One at ambient and one at cryogenic temperatures, where several pre-stressed stacks of LHC main dipole Nb-Ti cables and some single strands will be irradiated with varying beam intensities. The electrical integrity and the degradation of critical current will be measured after the removal from the HiRadMat facility. In the cold experiment some sample magnets will be added and the degradation of performance will be monitored online. In this contribution the experimental setup of the first experiment, including the sample container and cable stacks, is presented.

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THPOY045

Commissioning of the Machine Protection Systems of the Large Hadron Collider Following its First Long Shutdown

4203

D. Wollmann, R. Schmidt, J.A. Uythoven, J. Wenninger, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During the first long shutdown of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) extending for more than 18 months, most Machine Protection Systems (MPS) have undergone significant changes, and upgrades. A full re-commissioning of the MPS was performed at the end of the shutdown and during the LHC beam commissioning in 2015. To verify the correct functioning of all protection-relevant systems with beam, a step-wise intensity ramp-up was performed, reaching at the end of 2015 a record stored beam energy of ~280 MJ per beam, nearly 80% of the value in the design report. This contribution summarizes the results of the MPS commissioning, the intensity ramp-up and the continuous follow-up during operation, focusing mainly on near misses and false triggers and their proposed mitigations. A strategy to minimize risks during machine development periods for future operation of the LHC, when the protection parameters are modified for several tests, is discussed. The machine protection strategy for the LHC run in 2016 is presented.

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THPOY046

Data Analysis and System Survey Framework for the LHC Beam Loss Monitoring System

4207

C. Xu, B. Dehning, C. Zamantzas
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A data analysis framework has been developed to perform systematic queries and automatic analysis of the large amount of data produced by the LHC beam loss monitoring system. The framework is used to provide continuous system supervision and can give advance warning of any potential system failures. It is also used to facilitate LHC beam loss analysis for determining the critical beam-abort threshold values. This paper describes the functionality of the framework and the results achieved from the analysis.

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THPOY047

Comprehensive Approach to Synchrotron Radiation Protection of NSLS-II

4211

S. Seletskiy, T.V. Shaftan
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

To protect the NSLS-II Storage Ring components from possible damage from synchrotron radiation produced by insertion devices (IDs) and bending magnets (BMs) the Active Interlock System (AIS) keeps electron beam within the AI safe envelope (AIE) in the transverse phase space. The NSLS-II beamlines (BLs) and frontends (FEs) are designed under assumption that above certain safe beam current the ID synchrotron radiation (IDSR) fan is produced by the interlocked e-beam. In this paper we describe a new approach to defining the AIS parameters and settings, which significantly simplifies the process of the FE and BL design.

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THPOY048

NSLS-II Active Interlock System and Post-Mortem Architecture

4214

K. Ha, E.B. Blum, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, Y. Hu, D. Padrazo, S. Seletskiy, O. Singh, R.M. Smith, J. Tagger, Y. Tian, G. Wang, T. Yang
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

The NSLS-II at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) started the user beam service in early 2015, and is currently operating 13 of the insertion device (ID) and beamlines as well as constructing new beamlines. The fast machine protection consists of an active interlock system (AIS), beam position monitor (BPM), cell controller (CCs) and front-end (FE) systems. The AIS measures the electron beam envelop and the dumps the beam by turning off RF system, and then the diagnostic system provides the post-mortem data for an analysis of which system caused the beam dump and the machine status analysis. NSLS-II post-mortem system involves AIS, CCs, BPMs, radio frequency system (RFs), power supply systems (PSs) as well as the timing system. This paper describes the AIS architecture and PM performance for NSLS-II safe operations.

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